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Diiwal Kogi
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2026-06-16T22:02:53Z
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[[File:A Church in Mangogo, Kogi state.jpg|thumb|Eklesiya to Mangogo, lesdi Kogi]]
[[File:Okene, Kogi state street.jpg|thumb|Okene, laawol diiwaan Kogi]]
'''Diiwaan Kogi''' ko diiwaan gonɗo e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo Cakaari [[Naajeeriya]], keeri mum ko hirnaange e diiwanuuji Ekiti e Kwara, to fuɗnaange-rewo ko diiwaan laamorgo leydi ndii, to woyla-fuɗnaange ko diiwal Nasarawa, to fuɗnaange-rewo ko diiwanuuji Edo e Ondo, to fuɗnaange-rewo ko diiwanuuji Edo e Ondo, to fuɗnaange-rewo ko diiwanuuji Ben e Anaugu e diiwanuuji En. Ko kañum tan woni diiwaan [[Naajeeriya]] jogiiɗo keeri diiwaanuuji sappo goɗɗi. Inniraa ko helmere Hausa ngam maayo, diiwaan oo sosaa ko e nokkuuji [[Diiwal Benuwe|diiwaan Benue,]] [[diiwaan Nijeer]], e diiwaan Kwara ñalnde 27 [[lewru]] bowte hitaande 1991.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Onyeakagbu|first1=Adaobi|title=See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/see-how-all-the-36-nigerian-states-got-their-names/g8bkn2c|website=Pulse.ng|access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="Creation">{{cite web|title=This is how the 36 states were created|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/nigerian-states-this-is-how-the-36-states-were-created/mdtnq3e|website=Pulse.ng|access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref> Dowla oo ina wiyee "Dowla kawral" sabu kawral [[Maayo Niiser|maayo Niiseer]] e [[Maayo Benuwe|maayo Benue]] ina waɗa sara laamorgo mum, [[Lokoja]].
E nder diiwanuuji 36 leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Kogi woni lesdi sappo e tati ɓurndi mawnugo nder nokkuure, nden woni lesdi cappanɗe ɗiɗi nder lesdi ɓurndi ɗuuɗugo yimɓe, ko hewti miliyonji 4.5 yimɓe haa hitaande 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Population 2006-2016|url=https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/elibrary/read/474|website=[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]|access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref> To bannge geɗe leydi, diiwaan oo ina woni e nder laddeeji Guinee–ekoregion mosaïque savanna. Geɗel gootel teeŋtungel ina jeyaa heen maayooji mawɗi ɗi Niiseer ummortoo fuɗnaange-rewo e Benue ummortooɗi fuɗnaange-rewo hade maayooji ɗiɗi ɗii hawrude e caka Kogi, taƴa dowla oo feewde fuɗnaange.
Dowla Kogi ina hoɗi duuɓi keewɗi e leƴƴi ceertuɗi, ina jeyaa heen Ebira, Gbagyi, Nupe (ko ɓuri heewde ko leƴƴi Bassa Nge, Kakanda, e Kupa), e Oko e nder caka diiwaan oo ; igala e bassa fuɗnaange; e Yoruba en (ko ɓuri heewde ko leƴƴi Okun, Ogori, Oworo, e Magongo) to bannge hirnaange. Kogi kadi ina heewi diineeji, ina waɗi fotde teemedere e nder teemedere (100) Kerecee’en e Juulɓe wondude e seeɗa e jokkuɓe e diineeji leƴƴi gaadanteeji.
E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, nokku oo woni hannde ko Dowla Kogi feccii hakkunde dowlaaji ceertuɗi e won e dowlaaji ko tokoosi e gure-gure sabu woɗɓe ina njeyaa e laamlaamuuji mawɗi hono Laamu Nupe joginooɗo ko heewi e Dowla Kogi hannde-fuɗnaange haa fuɗɗoode kitaale 1800 nde jihaad Fulani e les njiimaandi Soli e nokku Ca feccere fuɗnaange dowla hannde oo ko Laamu Igala ɓooyɗo. E kitaale 1900 e 1910, njilluuji Biritaannaaɓe keɓi nokku oo, naatni ɗum e nder Protektorat Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]] e laamorgo mum ko Lokoja haa hitaande 1903. Protektoraat oo caggal mum hawri e [[Naajeeriya]] Biritaan en hade mum heɓde jeytaare mum no [[Naajeeriya]] e hitaande 1960. Ko adii fof, ko leydi Kogi ndi hannde ndii ina jeyaa e ko woni e dow mum koo 1967 nde diiwaan oo feccitaa, nokku oo wonti e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo, diiwaan Kwara, e [[Diiwal Benuwe|diiwaan Benue]]-Plateau. Caggal nde Benue-Plateau e dowlaaji Fuɗnaange-rewo peccii e hitaande 1976, jooni-Kogi wonti feccere e dowlaaji kesi Benue e Niger wondude e Kwara. Dowla Benue Hirnaange, Dowla Kwara fuɗnaange-rewo, e Dowla Nijeer woɗɗuɗo fuɗnaange, ndartinaama ngam sosde Dowla Kogi keso.
To bannge faggudu, Dowla Kogi ɓuri tuugnaade ko e ndema, ko ɓuri heewde ko e kafe, kaas, njuumri, kakawo, nebam, e ndema yam. Industryji goɗɗi mawɗi ko kuugal yah-ngartaa e ''Logistic''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Abisola|first=Shojobi|date=2025-11-11|title=Skyboo Express and Logistics Solidifies Global Dominance As Leading Asset-Light Modal Logistics Operator|url=https://independent.ng/skyboo-express-and-logistics-solidifies-global-dominance-as-leading-asset-light-modal-logistics-operator/|access-date=2026-06-07|website=Independent Newspaper Nigeria|language=en-GB}}</ref> ƴettugol nebam e durngo jawdi jawdi, be’i, e baali.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Akanbi|first1=Festus|title=As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/09/19/as-anambra-kogi-join-oil-producing-states/|newspaper=[[This Day]]|access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref> Kogi woni leydi nayaɓiri ɓurndi toowde e ƴellitaare aadee e sappo e jeegom ɓurndi toowde e PIB leydi ndii.<ref>{{cite web|title=Human Development Indices|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/|website=Global Data Lab|access-date=15 December 2021}}</ref>
== Geography ==
=== Wakati ===
Kiliimaaji diiwaan oo ina njogii toɓooli hitaande kala ko ina tolnoo e 1 100mm haa 1 300mm. Toɓo ina jokki gila e lewru abriil haa e lewru oktoobar hitaande kala tawa ko e lewru noowammbar haa e lewru marse. Wakkati yooro ina heewi duƴƴe e nguleeki sabu henndu fuɗnaange-rewo, ndu addanta harmattan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Oguntoyin|first=J.S.|title=A Geography of Nigerian Development|publisher=Heinemann|year=1987|location=Ibadan}}</ref> Hakkunde 2001 e 2014, nokkuuji mahraazi zi veydiima fotde 10,68 % e peeje vurze moxxude ze (7) remooɓe kuutoriima e waylude balze ndema e waylude sifaa ndema e 31 %, 22 %, e 21 %, e jaabawol waylo-waylo to- vegol.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Admin|title=Assessment of the Impact of Climate Change on Land Use/Land Cover in Kogi State, Nigeria|url=https://wascal.org/publications/assessment-of-the-impact-of-climate-change-on-land-use-land-cover-in-kogi-state-nigeria/#:~:text=Climate%20change%20and%20variability%20pose,changing%2C%20ecological%20zones%20are%20shifting.}}</ref>
=== Ilam ===
E lewru Oktoobar 2022, diiwaan Kogi seediima gooto e musiibaaji ilam ɓurɗi bonde e daartol diiwaan oo. Ɗum ko e wiyde guwerneer diiwaan oo, hono [[Yahaya Bello]], o wiyi wonde « ilam ɗam yanii e LGAaji jeenay (9) keeriɗi maayo Niiseer e [[Maayo Benuwe|maayo Benue]] ngam hawrude e [[Lokoja]], Kogi-Koto, Ajaokuta, Ofu, Igalamela-Odolu, Bassa, Idah, Ibaji e Omala ».<ref>{{Cite web|last=Onyedinefu|first=Godsgift|date=2022-10-06|title=Motorists stranded, properties destroyed as Kogi battles 'worst flood'|url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/motorists-stranded-properties-destroyed-as-kogi-battles-worst-flood/|access-date=2022-10-31|website=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}</ref>
=== 2012 ilam ===
E hitaande 2012, ilam yanii e diiwaan Kogi e nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. Ko ina tolnoo e 623 690 neɗɗo ndartinaama e nder 87 nokkuuji e nder diiwaan hee e nder yontere nde. Laawol ngol alaa ɗo haaɗi sabu ilam ɗam. Mahdiiji duɗe keewɗe ngonti nokkuuji mooliiɓe. Cuuɗi njippiima e ndiyam. Jawdi e gollorɗe mbonni no feewi. Gese e nder gese ndema bonnii no feewi.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kogi after 2012 floods|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/kogi-after-2012-floods/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Odogwu|first=Greg|date=2022-09-28|title=Lokoja flood: 2012 and lessons not learnt|url=https://punchng.com/lokoja-flood-2012-and-lessons-not-learnt/|access-date=2023-07-29|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> Ilam ɗam waɗii maayɓe, majjugol jawdi e halkude leydi ndema e geɗe nguura ko ina tolnoo e N63.4 miliyaar e nder nokkuuji 9 laamu nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Kogi.<ref>{{Cite news|title='Kogi Lost Property Worth N63bn to Flood in 2012' - THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/09/06/kogi-lost-property-worth-n63bn-to-flood-in-2012|access-date=2023-07-29|newspaper=[[This Day]]|language=en}}</ref>
=== Dowlaaji ɓadiiɗi ===
Laamorde Fedde nde (Niiseer) – to bannge worgo fotde 17 km
[[Dowla Nasarawa]] – to fuɗnaange-rewo fotde 151 km
[[Dowla Benue]] – to fuɗnaange fotde 153 km
[[Diiwal Enugu|Diiwaan Enugu]] – to fuɗnaange-rewo ngam 112 km
[[Diiwal Aanambaara|Dowla Anambra]] – to bannge worgo fotde 40 km
[[Dowla Edo]] – to fuɗnaange 133 km e fuɗnaange-rewo 81 km taƴde [[Maayo Niiser|maayo Nijeer]]
[[Dowla Ondo]] – to bannge worgo fotde 45 km
[[Dowla Ekiti]] – to bannge hirnaange ko 92 km
[[Dowla Kwara]] – to bannge hirnaange ko 188 km
[[Dowla Niiseer]] – to bannge worgo fotde 135 km (ko ɓuri heewde ko e [[Maayo Niiser|maayo Niiseer]])
Diiwal Kogi woni diiwal tan nder [[Naajeeriya]] ngal mari keeri bee diiwalji sappo feere.<ref>{{Cite web|last=guelp|date=2024-04-10|title=Discover 13 Captivating Facts About Kogi State|url=https://www.kogihub.com/discover-13-captivating-facts-about-kogi-state/|access-date=2024-05-19|website=Kogi State Hub|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Daartol e yimɓe ==
Dowla oo ina anndaa e ƴellitaare mum e nder njulaagu e ndema, keewal pine, ɓiɗɓe leydi jaɓɓotooɓe e nokkuuji belɗi.
Woodi le'i e ɗemɗe tati mawɗe nder Kogi: Igala'en, Anebira'en, e Okun'en, bee woɓɓe bana Bassa Nge mo Bassa L.G.A, haalooɓe Kupa e Kakanda, ɓe'e woni lenyol ittugo Nupe les Lokoja L.G.A., Bassa mo woni boo mo Bassa, Lokoja'en e Koto'en O Magongo'en, Yimɓe nokkure Lokoja'en e Koto'en O Magongo'en.
Innde [[Naajeeriya]], nde [[Flora Shaw]], debbo [[Baron Lugard]], gardiiɗo koloñaal Biritaan en, ƴetti ɗum e Lokoja e nder tufnde Patti, nde o woni e ndaarde maayo Nijeer .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dailytrust News, Sports and Business, Politics {{!}} Dailytrust|url=https://dailytrust.com/|access-date=1 September 2022|website=Daily Trust|language=en}}</ref>
Kanko, [[Flora Shaw]] ko ɓiy baaba mum Engeleejo, Kapiteen George Shaw, e yumma mum Faraysenaajo, Marie Adrienne Josephine, jeyaaɗo to leydi Moritani (jibinaa ko Desfontaines; 1826-1871).
== Ɗemɗe ==
Kogi ko lesdi keewndi leƴƴi, ndi ɗemɗe ɗuuɗɗe ɗemɗe ɓiɓɓe leydi kaaleteeɗe nder diiwal ngal. Ɗemɗe ɓurɗe waawde huutoreede ko Ebira, [[Igala]], [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]], Okun, Nupe, Kakanda, Kupa, Basa (Komu, Nge), Hausa.[19][source ɓurɗo moƴƴude ina haani]
Ɗemngal Okun ina haalee e nder diiwaan senateeruuji Kogi hirnaange
== Dina ==
Kogi ko diinaaji feere-feere bee fodde 45% nder yimbe jiha kan woni julbe bee fodde 40% woni Kirista'en nden 15% luttube don tokki diinaaji le'i pamari.
Sheek Aminu Sha'aban ɗon nodda Imaam Lokoja nder lewru Duujal 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dailytrust.com/sheikh-shaban-turbaned-as-new-imam-of-lokoja/|title=Sheikh Shaban turbaned as new Imam of Lokoja - Daily Trust|date=27 December 2019|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}</ref>
Diiwaan Ekklesiyaal [[Lokoja]] e Eklesiya Anglikan [[Naajeeriya]] ardinooɗo Arɗo Biskop Daniyel Abubakar Yisa ina hawra e Dowlaaji Kogi e Nijeer ina hawra e Dioceesuuji jeegom Ijumu (2008) ardiiɗi Biskop Paul Olarewaju Ojo (2018), Kabba (1996) ardiiɗi Biskop Kayedo101 (1994) e gardagol episkop Emanuwel Egbunu (2004), Ogori-Magongo e gardagol episkop Festus Dawiis (2009), Okene (2008) e gardagol episkop Emanuwel Onsachi (2017) e Idah e gardagol episkop Joseph Musa (2005).
Eklesiya katolik ina waɗi diiwaan Idah (1968) e parroisseeji 56 e les njiimaandi bismaango Anthony Ademu Adaji (2009) e diiwaan Lokoja (1955 ko Kabba) e diwaanuuji 43 e les njiimaandi bismaango Martin Dada Abejide Olorunmolu (2005), ɗiɗo fof e suffra.
== Nokkuuji laamuuji nokkuuji ==
Ƴeew kadi: Doggol gure e nder diiwaan Kogi
Dowla Kogi ina waɗi nokkuuji laamu nokkuuji capanɗe jeegom e go'o. Ko ɗiin ngoni:
Adawi
Ajaokuta
Ankpa
Bassa
Dekina
Ibaji
Ida
Igalamela-Odolu
Ijumu
Kabba/Bunu
Kogi
Lokoja
Moopa-Muro
Ofu
Ogori/Magongo
Okehi
Okene
Olamaboroo
Omala
Yagba Fuɗnaange
Yagba Hirnaange
== Turismo ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji turism e nder diiwaan Kogi ina jeyaa heen; Palaas Azad mo Ohinoyi leydi Ebira, ko heddii e koloñaal (hono galle Lord Lugard), tufnde Patti, Cenotaph wolde adunaare, kawral maayo Niger e Benue, Ogidi (wuro Afriknaajo jogiingo mbaydiiji koɗli kaaƴe Igneous e gollorɗe hiking e aadaaji) e leydi tawaandi.
Won e turismaaɓe ina njilloyoo e yah-ngartaa ñalnde kala ummoraade [[Abuja]], ko ɗoon woni waktuuji ɗiɗi e laawol. Kogi State Turism e Otels Company Limited sosaa ngam ɓamtugo turism nder jiha kan. Laamu leydi ndi ina yuɓɓina e ina huutoroo mbaawkaaji toowɗi ɗi turism ina jeyaa heen ƴellitgol nokkuuji daartol to [[Lokoja]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kogi State|title=investors guides to Kogi State|year=1992}}</ref>
== Jaɓɓugol e jokkondiral ==
Diiwaan Kogi ina jokkondiri e diiwaan laamorgo leydi ndii e diiwaanuuji 22 to bannge worgo.
Laabi mawɗi fedde ndee ko:
A2 haa woyla wuro Benin nder diiwal Edo bana laawol Benin ngol laawol Okene e Lokoja ta'a maayo Niger Pont [[Abuja]]-[[Lokoja]] haa Abuja bana laawol Lokoja-Abuja-Dawliko,
A123 bannge hirnaange ummoraade A1 to Ilorin, diiwaan Kwara rewrude e Kabba haa A2 to [[Okene]],
A233 fuɗnaange gila A2 sara Lokoja rewrude e Gboloko e Anyigba haa diiwaan Benue hono laawol Ankpa-Otukpa.
Laabi mawɗi goɗɗi ina heen :
laawol Pategi-Egbe ngol haa woyla diga Egbe haa lesdi Kwara,
laawol Ilorin-Egbe-Lokoja hirnaange diga Egbe haa lesdi Kwara,
laawol Kusoti-Abugi haa hirnaange haa lesdi Kwara,
Ankpa-Aukpa Rd fuunaange haa lesdi Benue,
Ankpa-Adoka Rd fombina-fuunaange haa lesdi Benue haa Abakpa bana laawol Ajeke-Epideru,
fuɗnaange-rewo gila Ejule haa diiwaan Benue,
Obolo-Idah Rd fombina haa lesdi Enugu,
laawol Ayingba-Ebiya fuɗnaange ummoraade Okene e dow maayo Niiseer e dow pont Ajaokuta-Itobe mo 2 890 m (1985).
Maayo Niiseer e Benue fof ko laabi ndiyam ɗi laana ndiwoowa waawi yahde.
Nde wonnoo ko e ɓadtaade leydi laamorgo leydi ndii, Aeroport International Abuja woni damal leydi ndii e hakkunde leyɗeele ngam yahooɓe e laana ndiwoowa ummoraade e diiwaan oo. Sarwisaaji telefoŋaaji moƴƴi ina ngoodi e nder diiwaan hee
== Ndema e jawdi ==
Ndema woni luggere faggudu. Woodi kuuje ndemri ɗuuɗɗe diga lesdi ndi'i, bana kafe, kakawo, nebam palme, kaaƴe, njuumri, maaro, maniyyi, yam, maaro e melon.
Ngalu miniraal ina jeyaa heen kuuraa, kaaƴe dime, njamndi, petroŋ e tin. Diiwal ngal woni wuro Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited, ko ɓuri mawnugo nder kuuɗe njamndi e njamndi mboɗeeri nder leydi Naajeeriya, e kuuɗe semmbe Obajana, gootel nder kuuɗe semmbe ɓurɗe mawnugo nder Afrika.
== Jaangirde ==
Kogi State ina jogii duɗe toowɗe keewɗe. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen :
Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde fedde nde, [[Lokoja]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal University, Lokoja (FULOKOJA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-university-lokoja|access-date=18 November 2021|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref>
Jaami'aare lesdi Kogi, Anyigba<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 May 2021|title=Full List of Art Courses offered in Kogi State University (KSU) for 2021-2022 Academic Session|url=https://www.naijschools.com/list-of-art-courses-offered-in-ksu/|access-date=18 November 2021|website=NAIJSCHOOLS|language=en-US}}</ref>
Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ganndal e karallaagal Confluence, Osara
Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde dowla Kogi, Kabba
Politeknik fedde nde, Idah<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 November 2020|title=List of Courses Offered by Federal Polytechnic Idah|url=https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/federal-poly-idah-courses/|access-date=18 November 2021|website=www.myschoolgist.com|language=en}}</ref>
Politeknik dowla Kogi, Lokoja<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 July 2020|title=List of Courses Offered by Kogi State Polytechnic|url=https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/kogi-state-poly-courses/|access-date=18 November 2021|website=www.myschoolgist.com|language=en}}</ref>
Koolaaɗo kuuɓal jaŋde fedde nde, Okene
Kogi janngirde lesdi Kogi, Ankpa
Koolaaɗo kuuɓal ndema, Kabba
Kogi janngirde lesdi (karallaagal), Kabba
Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Salem, Lokoja (jeyi keeriiɗo)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Salem University (SALEM) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/salem-university|access-date=18 November 2021|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref>
Duɗe infirmiyee e jibinannde ina keewi to Anyigba e Obangede, Duɗal teknoloji cellal to Idah, e Duɗal Infirmiyee ECWA to Egbe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ECWA School of Nursing Egbe – Nursing for Christ…|url=https://www.esonegbe.net/|access-date=5 September 2022|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Pijirlooji ==
Dowla Kogi waɗii dogooɓe e fijooɓe woɗɓe, ɓe mballitii e mawnugol fijooji e nder winndere nde. Kogi United e Babanawa F.C. woni kippuuji fuku koyɗe jooɗiiɗi e nder diiwaan hee. Pijirlooji goɗɗi, ko wayi no njulaagu, bal, e tennis, ina ƴellitoo e nder diiwaan hee.[citation needed]
Fijooɓe ummoriiɓe diiwaan oo ina jeyaa heen Shola Ameobi mo fijirde fuku koyɗe e nder Newcastle United e nder kippuuji goɗɗi ɗi Ligue 1 Angalteer. Sunday Bada ko dognoowo 400 meeteruuji, o dañii medayuuji tati e nder kawgel winnderewal nder suudu, ina heen medal kaŋŋe e hitaande 1997, o dañii kadi medal kaŋŋe e kippu [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e nder dogdu 4 × 400 meeteruuji e nder Olimpiyaaji 2000.
== Politik ==
Laamu leydi ndii ina ardii guwerneer cuɓaaɗo e nder demokaraasi, gollodiiɗo e terɗe suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii. Laamorde leydi ndi woni [[Lokoja]].<ref name="Next President">{{Cite news|last=Oguntola|first=Tunde|date=2022-09-27|title=2023: Next President, Govs Must Get Two-thirds Spread, Says INEC|url=https://leadership.ng/2023-next-president-govs-must-get-two-thirds-spread-says-inec/|access-date=2023-02-24|language=en-US|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref>
=== Sifaa woote ===
Sifaa woote kala diiwaan ina suɓee e kuutoragol sifaa baylaaɗo, gonɗo e doggol ɗiɗi. Ngam suɓaade e daawal gadanal, kanndidaa ina foti heɓde keewal woote e ko ɓuri 25% e woote ɗe ko famɗi fof tataɓe ɗiɗi e nder nokkuuji laamu Dowla e nokkuuji. So tawii hay kanndidaa gooto rewaani laawol ngol, doggol ɗiɗaɓol ngol waɗata ko hakkunde kanndidaa ɓurɗo toowde e kanndidaa garoowo mo heɓi keewal wooteeji e nder Nokkuuji laamu nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde.<ref name="Next President2">{{Cite news|last=Oguntola|first=Tunde|date=2022-09-27|title=2023: Next President, Govs Must Get Two-thirds Spread, Says INEC|url=https://leadership.ng/2023-next-president-govs-must-get-two-thirds-spread-says-inec/|access-date=2023-02-24|language=en-US|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref>
== Senaa ==
Senator'en tato ɗonno wakiili diiwal Kogi diga wartugo demokaraasi nder hitaande 1999. Diiwal ngal feccii nder diiwalji tati senateer'en, Kogi Fuunaange, Kogi Hirnaange e Kogi Cakaare ɗon warta senateer gooto kala.<ref>{{cite news|title=List of senators|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/list-of-all-senators-elected-in-2019-national-assembly-elections/nxp70r9.amp|access-date=11 January 2022|agency=Pulse news}}</ref>
== Yimɓe teskinaaɓe ==
[[Halima Abubakar]], ko debbo fijoowo e nder leydi [[Nollywood|Nolliwood]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2020|title=Stalking Nollywood's beloved actress, Halima Abubakar|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/stalking-nollywoods-beloved-actress-halima-abubakar/|access-date=25 June 2021|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref>
[[Segun Adaju]], jom ngalu, hooreejo fedde semmbeeji kesi [[Naajeeriya]] (REAN).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Simire|first=Michael|date=2021-07-26|title=Energy crisis: How investment in renewables, distribution mechanisms can bridge deficit – Segun Adaju|url=https://www.environewsnigeria.com/energy-crisis-how-investment-in-renewables-distribution-mechanisms-can-bridge-deficit-segun-adaju/|access-date=2023-12-26|website=EnviroNews Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref>
[[Pius Adesanmi]], jannginoowo [[Kanada|Kanadaa]] jibinaaɗo to leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], winndiyanke, winndiyanke, satirist, e winndiyanke.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-02-17|title=Canadian varsity unveils centre in honour of Pius Adesanmi|url=https://punchng.com/canadian-varsity-unveils-centre-in-honour-of-pius-adesanmi/|access-date=2023-12-26|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref>
[[Smart Adeyemi]], gonnooɗo senateer lomtotooɗo diiwaan senateeruuji Kogi hirnaange.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 December 2020|title=Senator Smart Adeyemi, CON - Nigpilot Personality|url=https://nigerianpilot.news/senator-smart-adeyemi-con-nigpilot-personality/|access-date=25 June 2021|website=The Nigerian Pilot News|language=en-GB|archive-date=12 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112092419/https://nigerianpilot.news/senator-smart-adeyemi-con-nigpilot-personality/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[Nasir Ajanah]], gonnooɗo mawɗo ñaawirdu leydi Kogi.
S. A. Ajayi, hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya mo walliti nder kaaldigal ngam heɓugo ndimu Naajeeriya, gonnooɗo jaagorɗo laddeeji e gonnooɗo jaagorɗo jaŋde.
Seth Sunday Ajayi, ganndo, ganndo, e porfeseer gadano Afriknaajo to bannge ekoloji ladde.
Esther Titilayo Akinlabi, ganndo ko faati e ganndal masiŋaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Colorado State.
Natasha Akpoti, Siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, daraniiɗo hakkiilo e senaajo jooɗiiɗo jooni, wakiiliijo diiwal senaajo Kogi (2023–hannde)
Shola Ameobi, gonnooɗo fuku koyɗe karallo, fiyoowo ko diɗɗal.
Tolulope Arotile (1995-2020), debbo jahroowo e laana ndiwoowa leydi Nijeer.[36]
Sefi Atta, binndoowo defte, binndoowo daartol juutngol, binndoowo pijirlooji, e binndoowo senaare.
Abuubakar Audu, guwerneer siwil gadano e diiwaanuuji ɗiɗi (1992-1993 e 1999-2003).
Yahaya Bello, guwerneer diiwaan Kogi (2016-2024).
Yuusuf Benyamin, ko fijoowo.
Darey - Darey naalankaagal alade.
Tunde Ednut - Blogger e jimoowo
Abiodun Faleke, jiiloowo njuɓɓudi njulaagu/logistik e politik.
Ibraahiima Idriis, gonnooɗo guwerneer diiwaan oo (2003-2008; 2008-2012).
Jaywon, ko jimoowo.
David Jemibewon, seneraal mawɗo pentiiɗo, gonnooɗo guwerneer konu e nder leydi Hirnaange ndi jooni, caggal ɗuum jaagorde geɗe polis e nder kabine hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Olusegun Obasanjo.
Mercy Johnson, ko debbo fiyoowo filmo.
Sunday Karimi - Gonnooɗo tergal suudu sarɗiiji, diiwaan fedde Yagba. Senator lomtotooɗo diiwaan Senator Kogi Hirnaange 2023–Haa jooni
Yuusuf Makoju, gonnooɗo GM NEPA.
Dino melaye gonnooɗo senateer to Kogi hirnaange.
Oladele John Nihi, gonnooɗo hooreejo kawtal sukaaɓe lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] 2019-2020. Cukko hooreejo leydi [[Afrik]] hirnaange, Dental sukaaɓe Afrik (2021–hannde).
John Obaro, jom ngalu karallaagal, haaloowo e yeeso yimɓe, e sosɗo SiistemSpecs Nijeer Limited.
James Ocholi - Awokaajo e gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]<ref>{{Citation|last1=Cinque|first1=Toija|title=Talking Miley: The Value of Celebrity Gossip|date=2017|work=Entertainment Values|pages=71–90|place=London|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-1-137-47289-2|last2=Redmond|first2=Sean|doi=10.1057/978-1-137-47290-8_6}}</ref>
[[Ahmed Usman Ododo|Ahmed Usmaan Ododo]], guwerneer diiwaan Kogi gila hitaande 2024.
Bayo Ojo, gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi Nijeer.
Nike Davies-Okundaye, diisneteeɗo mbaylaandi Nijeer e mbaylaandi Adire.
Jide Omokore, jom ngalu mawɗo mo nafooje mum tolnii e njulaagu/njiylawu petroŋ, marse, sarwisaaji jolngo, njamndi, innde njulaagu, e ƴellitaare jeyi leydi.
Edward Onoja, mawɗo gollordu guwerneer [[Yahaya Bello]] (2016-2019), cukko guwerneer diiwaan Kogi (2019-2024)
Praiz, binndoowo jimɗi, Naalanke.
[[Alhaji Idriis Alhasan]] Yuusuf Tawari, Agụma Tawari, [[Naajeeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 September 2019|title=10 facts you should know about Dr. Mrs. Folashade Yemi-Esan, Acting Head of Service -|url=https://www.thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2019/09/19/10-facts-you-should-know-about-dr-mrs-folashade-yemi-esan-acting-head-of-service/|access-date=25 June 2021|website=The NEWS}}</ref>
[[Idris Wada]], gonnooɗo guwerneer diiwaan oo (2012–2016).
[[Nuhu Omeiza Yaqub]] - Jaagorɗo ganndal siyaasaaku, gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Abuja]] e sosɗo VC duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sokoto.
[[Folashade Yemi-Esan]], hooreejo gollordu laamu fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 September 2019|title=10 facts you should know about Dr. Mrs. Folashade Yemi-Esan, Acting Head of Service -|url=https://www.thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2019/09/19/10-facts-you-should-know-about-dr-mrs-folashade-yemi-esan-acting-head-of-service/|access-date=25 June 2021|website=The NEWS}}</ref>
[[Danladi Mohammed Zakari]], ardiiɗo konu arandeejo lesdi Kogi.
[[Abdulrahmaan Busari]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-04-15|title=SKYBOO Express Launches NFC Smart Card To Digitise Last-Mile Logistics Operations|url=https://freshangleng.com/41293/skyboo-express-launches-nfc-smart-card-to-digitise-last-mile-logistics-operations|access-date=2026-06-07|website=Freshangle News|language=en}}</ref> hooreejo gollordu Skyboo Express e Lojistik
== Ƴeew kadi ==
Itaakpa kaaƴe ɓuuɓɗe
==Himobe==
[[Catégorie:Diiwal dow e Naajeeriya]]
[[Catégorie:Naajeeriya]]
[[Catégorie:Diiwal]]
[[Category:Stub]]
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[[File:Lagos State Flag.svg|thumb|Banndiraawo lesdi Lagos]]
'''Diiwaan Lagos''' (Yoruba: Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkó, Gun: Ayìmátẹ̀n Awọnlin tọ̀n) ko diiwaan gonɗo e fombina-fuɗnaange leydi [[Najeriya]]. E nder dowlaaji 36 ɗii, Lagos woni dowla 1ɓo walla 2ɓo ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe (fawaade e iwdi) kono ko kañum ɓuri famɗude e nokku. Haa woyla lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] ɗon mari keerol haa woyla lesdi Benin, lesdi Lagos ɗon mari keerol bee lesdi Ogun haa woyla e fuunaange, ɗum waɗi lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] tan woni lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] marndi lesdi feere. Innde mum ko wuro Lagos — wuro ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder [[Afrik]] — diiwaan oo sosaa ko e diiwaan hirnaange e nokku gonɗo laamorgo leydi ndi ñalnde 27 lewru mbooy hitaande 1967.<ref name=":32">{{Cite news|last1=Onyeakagbu|first1=Adaobi|title=See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/see-how-all-the-36-nigerian-states-got-their-names/g8bkn2c|access-date=25 December 2021|newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]]}}</ref><ref name="Creation2">{{Cite news|date=24 October 2017|title=This is how the 36 states were created|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/nigerian-states-this-is-how-the-36-states-were-created/mdtnq3e|access-date=22 December 2021|newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]]}}</ref>
To bannge geɗe leydi, diiwaan Lagos ɓuri heewde ko ndiyam e fotde feccere e nokkuuji diiwaan oo ko lagoons, creeks, e maayooji.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lagos {{!}} Nigeria Education|url=http://nigeria-education.org/states/lagos|website=nigeria-education.org|access-date=2020-05-30|archive-date=5 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505120216/http://nigeria-education.org/states/lagos|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ɓuri mawnugo nder ɓalli ɗi'i woni laddeeji Lagos e Lekki nder diiwal ngal bee maayo Ogun e Osun ɗon ilna nder maaji. Maayooji e ɓulli goɗɗi keewɗi ina njillondiri e nder diiwaan hee fof, ina mbaɗa kadi laabi keewɗi ngam yah-ngartaa yimɓe e jawdi. E dow leydi, nokkuuji ɗi ngonaa gure ina ngoni e nder ekoregion laddeeji lesɗi Nijeer e nokkuuji tawaaɗi ina njogii ɓiɗɓe leɗɗe mona monkey, pangolin leɗɗe, e vulture hooded wondude e ɓiɗɓe leɗɗe laddeeji [[Afrik]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Talabi|first1=Kolawole|title=Can public-private partnerships preserve the dwindling biodiversity of Lagos?|url=https://news.mongabay.com/2016/07/can-public-private-partnerships-preserve-the-dwindling-biodiversity-of-lagos/|website=[[Mongabay]]|date=5 July 2016|access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Excellence|first1=Akeredolu O.|last2=Routh|first2=Andrew|last3=Temitope|first3=Odeniyi|title=Trade and the decline of the African tree pangolin in Lagos State, Nigeria|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323676612|access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Owolabi|first1=Bibitayo Ayobami|last2=Odewumi|first2=Sunday Olayinka|last3=Agbelusi|first3=Ebenezer Abayomi|title=Perceptions on population decline and ethno-cultural knowledge of Hooded Vulture (Necrosyrtes monachus) in southwest States of Nigeria.|journal=Vulture News|year=2021|volume=78|pages=11–19|doi=10.4314/vulnew.v78i1.2|s2cid=233966006|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/vulnew/article/view/203764|access-date=2 January 2022|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title='Save Nigeria's largest herd of elephants from extinction', group urges Lagos, Ogun state|url=https://guardian.ng/property/environment/save-nigerias-largest-herd-of-elephants-from-extinction-group-urges-lagos-ogun-state/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|date=14 December 2021|access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref> To bannge maayo, dowla oo kadi ina heewi nguurndam sabu ina waɗi liɗɗi keewɗi wondude e manateeji e mborosaaji [[Afrik]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Amao|first1=J. O.|last2=Oluwatayo|first2=I. B.|last3=Osuntope|first3=F. K.|title=Economics of Fish Demands in Lagos State, Nigeria|journal=Journal of Human Ecology|date=24 Oct 2017|volume=19|issue=1|pages=25–30|doi=10.1080/09709274.2006.11905853|s2cid=73599147|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09709274.2006.11905853?journalCode=rhue20|access-date=2 January 2022|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Olufowobi|first1=Sesan|title=Sea cow rescued in Lagos|url=https://punchng.com/sea-cow-rescued-in-lagos/|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|date=10 September 2018|access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref>
'''Diiwal Lagos''' ɗon jooɗi duuɓi ɗuuɗɗi bee le'i ɓiɓɓe lesdi feere-feere, ko ɓuri ɗuuɗugo dow yimɓe Yoruba'en jooɗiiɓe nder diiwal man fuu amma bo'o yimɓe Ewe e Ogu haa woyla hirnaange. Ngam batte eggol gila e teeminannde sappo e jeenay, Diiwaan Lagos ina jogii kadi yimɓe heewɓe ɓe ngonaa ɓiɓɓe leydi [[Naajeeriya]] e nder leƴƴi Edo, Efik, Fulani, Hausa, [[Igbo]], Ijaw, Ibibio, e Nupe e nder leƴƴi [[Naajeeriya]] goɗɗi. Won kadi pelle ummoriiɗe caggal keeri [[Naajeeriya]] hannde ɗii e pelle Saro (Sierra Leonean) e Amaro ([[Barazil|Brazil]]) pelle ko iwdi yimɓe wonnooɓe maccuɓe ɓe ngarti e [[Afrik]] e kitaale 1800 e renndo [[Naajeeriya]] ɓooyngo Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Naajeeriya en Siriyankooɓe e Libannaaɓe e Lamigrans en ina jeyaa e yimɓe [[Naajeeriya]]) kadi ummoraade [[Benen|Benin]], Siin, [[Gana]], Inndo, [[Togo]], e Dental Dowlaaji [[Amerik]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Adeshokan|first1=Oluwatosin|title=The last French speakers in Lagos|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2020-01-10-00-the-last-french-speakers-in-lagos/|website=[[Mail & Guardian]]|access-date=3 January 2022|date=10 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=In Nigeria, Chinatown Vendors Struggle For Profits|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/06/15/137045110/in-nigeria-chinatown-vendors-struggle-for-profits|website=[[NPR]]|date=15 June 2011|access-date=3 January 2022|last1=Langfitt|first1=Frank}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Fawehinmi|first1=Yolanthe|title=Meet the British-Nigerians swapping London for 'Africa's Silicon Valley'|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/family/life/meet-british-nigerians-swapping-london-africas-silicon-valley/|website=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=26 October 2021|access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Ndukwe|first1=Ijeoma|title='Everyone is hustling here': The Lebanese of Nigeria|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/1/28/everyone-is-hustling-here-the-lebanese-of-nigeria|website=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref> To bannge diine, dowla oo kadi ina heewi, sibu ina waɗi diineeji keewɗi ɗi Kerecee’en, Juulɓe e leƴƴi aadaaji.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2017-02-18|title=Lagos, Nigeria's mega city where shrines compete with churches, mosques|url=https://punchng.com/lagos-nigerias-mega-city-shrines-compete-churches-mosques/|access-date=2022-07-25|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, nokku mo hannde woni Dowla Lagos oo ɓuri wonde ko gure liɗɗi e portooji ɗi e nokkuuji ceertuɗi ɗi dowlaaji ɗii njiimi, ina jeyaa heen Laamaandi Benin e Laamu Oyo haa e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1800 nde wuro Lagos ƴellitii wonti laamu mawngu e jojjanɗe mum. E hitaande 1850, Biritaannaaɓe keɓii haɓde e laamu nguu e ''Bombardement'' Lagos hade mum en waɗde sehil mum Oba e siynude nanondiral ngam tabitinde Lagos wonde e les njiimaandi Biritaan en. Duuɓi sappo caggal ɗuum, nanondiral doole Lagos ngal, addani ɗum sosde Koloni Lagos e dow laawol. E hitaande 1906, koloni oo naati e nder Protectorate keso mo leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] Fombinaari ndi hawri e leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] Biritanik e hitaande 1914, wuro Lagos woni laamorgo mum. Nde Lagos heɓi ndimu mum e hitaande 1960, Lagos heddii ko laamorgo leydi ndii e ko ɓuri heewde e wuro ngo waɗii leydi laamorgo leydi ndi (''Federal Capital Territory'') tawi heddiiɓe e diiwaan Lagos hannde oo ko e nder diiwaan hirnaange haa hitaande 1967 nde diiwaan oo feccaa, nokku oo wonti diiwaan Lagos.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Lagos: From British Colony to Federating State - THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/05/30/lagos-from-british-colony-to-federating-state|access-date=2023-07-12|newspaper=[[This Day]]|date=29 May 2017}}</ref>
To bannge faggudu, diiwaan Lagos ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yaawde mawnude e winndere nde. Ina waɗi wuro ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], kadi ina jeyaa e dowlaaji ɓurɗi teeŋtude e nder leydi ndii, ko nokku kaalis mawɗo, kadi ina waɗi faggudu ɓurndu mawnude e nder [[Afrik]]<ref name="John M. O. Ekundayo 2013 135">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WjhKyg8OjBUC&q=Lagos+State+Economy+in+Africa&pg=PA135|title=Out of Africa: Fashola: Reinventing Servant Leadership to Engender Nigeria's Transformation|author=John M. O. Ekundayo|page=135|publisher=AuthorHouse|year=2013|isbn=9781481790406}}</ref>, tawi njeñtudi mum ko 84 miliyaar dolaar so renndinaama e miliyaaruuji 75 dolaar leydi [[Gana]], miliyaaruuji 70 dolaar leydi [[Anngolaa|Angola]], e miliyaaruuji <ref>{{Cite news|last1=Munshi|first1=Neil|date=February 2021|title=How Lagos loses out in battle for investors|newspaper=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/eca6f672-4ee6-4dd0-94c4-9213294b61fb|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/eca6f672-4ee6-4dd0-94c4-9213294b61fb|archive-date=10 December 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-03}}</ref> dolaar leydi [[Ecoppi]]. Diiwal Lagos kadi ko nokku mawɗo pinal, jaŋde, e yah-ngartaa wonande leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e [[Afrik]] worgo Sahara. Yanti heen, diiwaan oo kadi ina jogii tolno ɓurɗo heewde jannguɓe e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. Ina anndaa e pinal mum ɓuuɓngal, e luumooji mum ɓuuɓɗi, e golle faggudu maantinɗe.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ajose|first1=Farook|title=Lagos is Nigeria's leading state, which other states come close?|url=https://redeagleng.com/economy/lagos-nigeria-states/|website=Our Red Eagle|access-date=29 January 2023|archive-date=29 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129194116/https://redeagleng.com/economy/lagos-nigeria-states/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fuu e ɗuuɗal yimɓe e limngal limngal limngal, lesdi Lagos woodi limngal ɓamtaare yimɓe ɓurdunde mawnugo nder [[Naajeeriya]] e eɓɓooje ɓamtaare ɗuuɗɗe.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bearak|first1=Max|last2=Moriarty|first2=Dylan|last3=Ledur|first3=Júlia|title=How Africa will become the center of the world's urban future|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2021/africa-cities/|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|access-date=11 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Human Development Indices|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/|website=Global Data Lab|access-date=15 December 2021}}</ref>
== Tariya ==
Winndannde mawnde: Daartol Lagos
=== Daartol aranol ===
Ko adii nde innde Lagos e ɗemngal Portigaal ƴettaa, innde Lagos adannde ndee ko Eko nde ɓuri firtude ko Duunde ndee. Adii hoɗde e Eko ko Awori en. Filu caggal mum addani pelle keewɗe arde e duunde ndee, haa arti noon e Purtugeec en e teeminannde 16ɓiire.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Nigeria, Lagos and Benin|author=Sir Alan Burns|date=1929|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-000-85681-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MB-yEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT33}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fwc5AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA15|title=The Yoruba Today|author=Jeremy Seymour Eades|publisher=Cambridge University Press (Changing Culture Series)|page=15|year=1980|isbn=9780521226561}}</ref> Worooɓe e liɗɗi Awori en ummorii ko Ile-Ife haa e daande maayo.<ref name="Lagos State, Nigeria">{{cite web|url=http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/lagos.htm|title=Lagos State, Nigeria|access-date=2014-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pagelinks.php?p=8|title=History of Lagos State|access-date=2014-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209151402/http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pagelinks.php?p=8|archive-date=9 February 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Ko e hitaande 1760 [[purtugeec]] en ƴetti innde Lagos ndee. Innirde nde e wuro wonngo to Fuɗnaange Portigaal ngo huutortenoo ko ngam njulaagu jiyaaɓe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The transatlantic slave trade|url=https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/history-of-slavery/transatlantic-slave-trade|access-date=2022-07-25|website=National Museums Liverpool}}</ref>
[[File:James George Philp - British Men o' War Attacked by the King of Lagos GAC GAC 6427.jpg|thumb|James George Philp - Worɓe Biritaannaaɓe ɓe konu nguu laamɗo Lagos yani e maɓɓe]]
=== Naatgol Biritaan en ===
Winndannde mawnde: Ustugol Lagos
Ƴeew kadi: Koloni Lagos, Protektorat Fombina [[Naajeeriya]], e Koloni [[Naajeeriya]]
E darorɗe hitaande 1851, konu laana ndiwoowa Angalteer yani e Lagos (e nder leydi Nijeer hannde) e nder "Ustugol Lagos". Ñaawoore ndee fawii ko e haɗde njulaagu jiyaaɓe e nder geec Atlantik, ngu ƴellitii e nder Lagos gila Purtugeec en ngari. Angalteer yiɗiino ittude Oba Kosoko, mo salii darnde ngam haɗde njulaagu nguu. Caggal nde Kosoko dogi, Angalteernaaɓe toɗɗii Oba Akitoye, laamɗo ɓurɗo gollondirde e golle maɓɓe haɓaade maccungaagu. E hitaande 1861, ko Oba Docemo woni mo siifondiri nanondiral ngam waɗde Lagos ko koloni Angalteer.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-07-06|title=Lagos, Nigeria (ca. 1350- ) •|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/places-global-african-history/lagos-nigeria-c-1350/|access-date=2022-07-25|language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Jamanuuji caggal koloñaal ===
Dowla Lagos sosaa ko ñalnde 27 [[lewru]] Mbooy hitaande 1967 fawaade e kuule tafngo dowla e kuule mbayliigu No. 14 hitaande 1967,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lagos, Nigeria (1960 - 1970)|url=https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ng-la.html|website=www.crwflags.com|access-date=2020-05-30}}</ref> ɗe mbayli leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] wonti fedde dowlaaji 12.<ref name="Lagos State Information">{{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/information/details/Lagos|title=Lagos State Information|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics|access-date=25 October 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109140122/http://nigerianstat.gov.ng/information/details/Lagos|archive-date=9 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=About Lagos|url=https://lagosstate.gov.ng/about-lagos/|access-date=2023-01-12|website=Lagos State Government|language=en-US}}</ref> Ko adii nde ndee yamiroore yaltata, wuro Lagos, ngo wonnoo laamorgo leydi ndii, ko laamu fedde ndee ardinoo ɗum to bannge ministeer geɗe Lagos.<ref name="Lagos State Information2">{{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/information/details/Lagos|title=Lagos State Information|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics|access-date=25 October 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109140122/http://nigerianstat.gov.ng/information/details/Lagos|archive-date=9 November 2015}}</ref> Kono [[Ikeja]], [[Agege]], [[Mushin]], [[Ikorodu]], [[Epe]], [[Surulere]], e [[Badagry]] ko laamu diiwaan hirnaange oo e oon sahaa njiimi ɗum en.<ref name="Lagos State Information3">{{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/information/details/Lagos|title=Lagos State Information|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics|access-date=25 October 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109140122/http://nigerianstat.gov.ng/information/details/Lagos|archive-date=9 November 2015}}</ref> Lagos, wuro ngo, e ɗeen gure goɗɗe nanngaa ngam sosde dowla Lagos, tawi dowla oo wonti diiwaan laamu semi-autonome<ref>{{Cite web|title=Semiautonomous Definitions {{!}} What does semiautonomous mean? {{!}} Best 4 Definitions of Semiautonomous|url=https://www.yourdictionary.com/semiautonomous|access-date=2022-07-25|website=www.yourdictionary.com}}</ref> ñalnde 11 abriil 1968.<ref name="Lagos State Information5">{{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/information/details/Lagos|title=Lagos State Information|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics|access-date=25 October 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109140122/http://nigerianstat.gov.ng/information/details/Lagos|archive-date=9 November 2015}}</ref> Lagos waɗi kuugal ɗiɗaɓal ngam laataago Laamorde lesdi bee lesdi lesdi haa hitaande 1976 nde laamorde lesdi man hoosi haa [[Ikeja]].<ref name="Lagos State Information4">{{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/information/details/Lagos|title=Lagos State Information|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics|access-date=25 October 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109140122/http://nigerianstat.gov.ng/information/details/Lagos|archive-date=9 November 2015}}</ref> Caggal sosde leydi laamorgo leydi ndii haa timmi, tuugnaade e wasiyaaji goomu ngu [[Akinola Àgùdà]]–ardii nguu, ngu Seneraal [[Murtala Muhammed]] sosi ngam ƴeewtaade haaju laamorgo keso wonande leydi Nijeer e hitaande 1975. Joɗnde laamu leydi ndii artiraa e dow laawol to [[Abuja]] ñalnde 121391. Ko wonaa ɗum koo, Lagos ina heddii e wonde nokku kaalis leydi ndii, haa arti noon e mawnude haa wonti wuro ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan oo e nder leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ogbuenyi|first=Nosike|date=2022-02-03|title=Abuja at 46: The Dreams, Strides, Challenges|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/509441-abuja-at-46-the-dreams-strides-challenges.html|access-date=2022-07-25|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-GB}}</ref>
== Wurooji e gurel ==
[[File:Night Scene Monument In Victoria Island, Lagos (2).jpg|thumb|Monumndaaji jamma e nder duunde Victoria, Lagos]]
=== Lagos ===
Lagos woni wuro ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan Lagos, [[Naajeeriya]] fof, e duunde [[Afrik]]. Konurbation ina jeyaa e ɓurɗe heewde yimɓe e winndere nde.<ref>As of 2015 the entire population of Lagos state was approximated to 16 million.[http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/urban_growth1.html World's fastest growing cities and urban areas from 2006 to 2020], by [[CityMayors.com]]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pagelinks.php?p=6|publisher=Lagos State Government|title=Population|year=2011|access-date=3 November 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018094514/http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pagelinks.php?p=6|archive-date=18 October 2015}}</ref> Lagos ko porto ummoriiɗo e duuɗe ceertuɗe e ɓulli, ko wayi no duunde Lagos, taariinde hunduko fuɗnaange-rewo Lagos ''Lagoon'' nde reenaa e maayo Atlantik e duuɗe barooje e ɓulli juutɗi ko wayi no ''Bar Beach'', ko ina tolnoo e 100 kiloomeeteer (62 miles) fuɗnaange e hirnaange. Nokkuure mawnde Lagos hawti bee Ikeja (ɗum laamorgo lesdi Lagos) bee [[Agege]] bee [[Mushin]].<ref name="Lagos State Information6">{{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/information/details/Lagos|title=Lagos State Information|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics|access-date=25 October 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109140122/http://nigerianstat.gov.ng/information/details/Lagos|archive-date=9 November 2015}}</ref>
[[File:Ikeja Electrical Distribution Company (IKEDC).jpg|thumb|Sosiyetee peccitagol kuuraa Ikeja (IKEDC).jpg]]
=== Ikeja ===
Winndannde mawnde: [[Ikeja]]
Ikeja woni laamorgo lesdi Lagos. [[Ikeja]] ko wuro hoɗɓe e njulaagu peewniraango, ina waɗi nokkuuji coftal ɓalli, farmasiiji e nokkuuji rezerwɗi laamu. Aeroport [[Murtala Mohammed]] woni ko e wuro [[Ikeja]]. [[Ikeja]] kadi ko galle [[Fela kuti|Fela Kuti]] [[Afrik|Afriknaajo]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/nigeria/articles/fela-kuti-and-the-new-afrika-shrine/|title=Fela Kuti and The New Afrika Shrine|first=Lize|last=Okoh|date=3 September 2018|website=Culture Trip}}</ref> galle mawɗo maayɗo [[Gani Fawehinmi]] e leydi yumma Lagbaja. Kadi ina jogii nokku coodgu ɓurɗo mawnude e leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-04|title=Here Are The Top 5 Largest Shopping Malls On Lagos Island » Propertydome|url=https://propertydome.com/top-5-shopping-malls-on-lagos-island/|access-date=2022-07-19|language=en-US}}</ref>
[[File:Night-view-of-lekki-link-bridge.jpg|thumb|Jemma-yiyngo-lekki-jokkondiral-pont.]]
=== Lekki ===
Winndannde mawnde: [[Lekki]]
[[Lekki]] ko wuro wonngo to fombina-fuɗnaange diiwaan oo. Ko penndital gonngal e tagoore, haa hannde ina heewi mahde. Haa e hitaande 2015, ko fasaade 1 tan evvoore ndee timminaa, fasaade 2 ina jogori timmude. Njuuteeki duunde ndee ina tolnoo e 70 haa 80 km, njaajeendi mum ko 10 km. Lekki ina jogii hannde estaaduuji keewɗi, ƴellitaare hoɗorde damal, leyɗeele ndema, nokkuuji toɗɗaaɗi ngam waɗde ''Zone'' de ''Trade'' Libre, aeroport, e porto maayo ina mahi. Feere mawnde huutoraade leydi ngam [[Lekki]] ina hollita wonde Peninsula oo ko "''Blue-Green Environment City''",<ref name="Lekki-Lagos State">{{cite web|url=http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pagelinks.php?p=19|title=Lekki Master Plan|publisher=Lagos State Government|access-date=15 December 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018091652/http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pagelinks.php?p=19|archive-date=18 October 2015}}</ref> ina ɗaminaa maa ɗum hoɗ ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 3,4 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e ɓeydagol yimɓe ɓe ngonaa hoɗɓe ko famɗi fof miliyoŋaaji 1,9.<ref name="allafrica">{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507060955.html|title=Nigeria: Development Plan Dismisses Threats to Lekki/Victoria Island's Real Estate Prospects|publisher=allafrica.com|date=6 July 2015|access-date=15 December 2015}}</ref>
[[File:A drummer.jpg|thumb|Statue de tambour de tambour, Ikorodu, Lagos ]]
=== Ikorodu ===
Winndannde mawnde: [[Ikorodu]]
[[Ikorodu]] ko wuro ngo woni ko e fuɗnaange-rewo diiwaan oo e sara maayo Lagos. Nde renndini keeri e [[dowla Ogun]]. Haa limngal 2006, [[Ikorodu]] ɓeydii yimɓe fotde 535,619.<ref name="nigeriacongress2">{{cite web|title=NigeriaCongress.org|url=http://www.nigeriacongress.org/FGN/administrative/lgadetails.asp?lg=Ikorodu|access-date=2007-04-08|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040109172351/http://www.nigeriacongress.org/fgn/administrative/lgadetails.asp?lg=Ikorodu|archive-date=2004-01-09}}</ref> Ko wuro tataɓo ɓurngo mawnude e nder fuɗnaange-rewo caggal [[Ibadan]] e Lagos nde wonnoo ko wuro 12ɓo ɓurngo mawnude e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].<ref name="guardian.ng">{{Cite news|date=2022-09-14|title=As Ikorodu becomes Nigeria's 12th largest city|url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/as-ikorodu-becomes-nigerias-12th-largest-city/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-10-15|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> E hitaande 2022, ina waɗi yimɓe 1 041 066 neɗɗo. Yimɓe wuro ngo ina ɓeydoo hannde fotde 5,26% hitaande kala, ina ɗaminaa maa ɗum yetto 1,7 miliyoŋ neɗɗo e hitaande 2035.<ref name="guardian.ng2">{{Cite news|date=2022-09-14|title=As Ikorodu becomes Nigeria's 12th largest city|url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/as-ikorodu-becomes-nigerias-12th-largest-city/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-10-15|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Eko Atlantik ===
Winndannde mawnde: [[Eko Atlantik]]
Eko Atlantic ko wuro peewniraango mahngo e dow leydi ndi ɓe keɓi e [[maayo Atlantik]].<ref>{{cite news|first=Deji|last=Elumoye|title=Eko Atlantic city Underway|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200709260377.html|work=[[Thisday]] (via allAfrica.com)|publisher=AllAfrica Global Media|date=2007-09-26|access-date=2008-02-04}}</ref> O woni ko e nokku gonnooɗo Lagos' ''Bar Beach''. So ɗum joofiima, duunde hesere nde ina jokki e ƴellitde haa jooni, ina ɗaminaa ko famɗi fof 250 000 hoɗɓe e ñalnde kala ko famɗi fof 150 000 yahoowo. Ƴellitaare ndee kadi maa jogo batte moƴƴe e weeyo ; faandaare mayre ko dartinde mboros oo e nder geec Lagos.<ref>{{cite news|first=Deji|last=Elumoye|title=Eko Atlantic city Underway|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200709260377.html|work=[[Thisday]] (via allAfrica.com)|publisher=AllAfrica Global Media|date=2007-09-26|access-date=2008-02-04}}</ref>Eɓɓoore Eko Atlantic ''City'' heɓi njeenaari winndereyankoori e hitaande 2009, nde laamu diiwaan Lagos e gollodiiɓe mum e nder sekteer keeriiɗo eɓɓoore ndee, ''South Energyx'', keɓi seedantaagal Clinton ngam ƴellitde eɓɓoore winndereyankoore.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200909290203.html|title=Fashola Receives Clinton Award For Eko Atlantic City|date=29 September 2009|work=[[AllAfrica.com]]|publisher=[[ThisDay]]|access-date=11 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://sundaytrust.com.ng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5569:a-fairy-tale-dream-home-for-the-super-rich-a-fairy-tale-dream-home-for-the-super-rich&catid=44:feature&Itemid=135|title=A Fairy Tale, Dream Home for the Super-Rich|last=Akinola|first=Femi|date=19 December 2010|work=[[Media Trust|Sunday Trust]]|access-date=11 October 2012|location=Abuja, Nigeria|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212131334/http://sundaytrust.com.ng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5569%3Aa-fairy-tale-dream-home-for-the-super-rich-a-fairy-tale-dream-home-for-the-super-rich&catid=44%3Afeature&Itemid=135|archive-date=12 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://nationalmirroronline.net/index.php/business/real-estate/29723.html|title=Projects that will shape real estate sector in 2012|last=Ayeyemi|first=Dayo|date=24 January 2012|access-date=11 October 2012|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130221220400/http://nationalmirroronline.net/index.php/business/real-estate/29723.html|archive-date=21 February 2013|newspaper=[[National Mirror]]}}</ref>
=== Badagry ===
Winndannde mawnde: [[Badagry]]
Badagry ko wuro daande maayo e nder diiwaan hee. Nde woni ko hakkunde wuro Lagos, e keeri leydi Benin to Seme. E nder binnditagol gadanol ngol hitaande 2006, ko ina tolnoo e 241 093 neɗɗo ina nguuri e nder wuro ngo.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070704042011/http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/Connections/Pop2006.pdf Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704042011/http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/Connections/Pop2006.pdf|date=2007-07-04}}, published 15 May 2007, accessed 8 July 2007</ref> Nokkuure man ardii ɗum laamiiɗo aada, Akran De Wheno Aholu Menu – Toyi 1,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Badagry: past and present : Oba De Wheno-Aholu-Menu-Toyi 1. Akran of Badagry, reign of peace|first1=Tijani|last1=Ibrahim|first2=Babatope O|last2=Ojo|date=8 October 1992|publisher=Ibro Communications|oclc=416571857}}</ref> kanko boo woni cukko hooreejo duumiiɗum dow obas e mawɓe nder jiha Lagos. Ina anndaa ina jogii galle ɓurɗo ɓooyde e leydi ndii. [[Badagry]] ko wuro [[Ewe]] e [[Egun]] ɓe ɓuri heewde ko liɗɗi.<ref name=":02">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070704042011/http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/Connections/Pop2006.pdf Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704042011/http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/Connections/Pop2006.pdf|date=2007-07-04}}, published 15 May 2007, accessed 8 July 2007</ref>
=== Epe ===
Winndannde mawnde: [[Epe]], diiwaan [[Lagos]]
Epe ko wuro wonngo bannge worgo [[maayo Lekki]]. Ina yiɗaa e golle liɗɗi jowitiiɗe e wuro ngoo. E binnditagol 2006, keewal yimɓe Epe ko 181 409.<ref>{{cite web|title=NigeriaCongress.org|url=http://www.nigeriacongress.org/FGN/administrative/lgadetails.asp?lg=Epe|access-date=2007-04-08|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040103143148/http://www.nigeriacongress.org/fgn/administrative/lgadetails.asp?lg=Epe|archive-date=2004-01-03}}</ref>
Epe ina yaaji e laamorgo liɗɗi Lagos. Liɗɗi ko golle ɓurɗe teeŋtude e yimɓe ɗoo, ɗum noon haawnaaki tawa ko sewnde liɗɗi ɗiɗi mawɗi, mahraaɗi to ''T-Junction'' [[Lekki]]-Epe, ina njaɓɓoo on Epe. Luumo liɗɗi Epe ina jogori wonde luumo ɓurngo mawnude e nder Lagos.[citation needed]
Wuro Epe ina anndaa e deeƴre mum. Gaa gaa njilluuji, njilluuji, e deeƴre, aɗa waawi kadi heɓde protein daabaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi.[citation needed]
Epe, hono no renndo ngo fof nii, ina jogii ñalɗi e juuldeeji keewɗi ɗo yimɓe kawrata ngam mawninde. Hoɗɓe e Epe ina mbaɗa juuldeeji keewɗi ko wayi no juulde Kayo-kayo,<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Abiaziem|first1=Chinyere|last2=Telegraph|first2=New|date=2022-09-25|title=Epe aglow for Kayokayo festival, as Kosoko tasks youth to preserve culture - New Telegraph|url=https://newtelegraphng.com/epe-aglow-for-kayokayo-festival-as-kosoko-tasks-youth-to-preserve-culture/,%20https://newtelegraphng.com/epe-aglow-for-kayokayo-festival-as-kosoko-tasks-youth-to-preserve-culture/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-06-27|newspaper=[[New Telegraph]]|language=en-US}}</ref> juulde Ebi bi, Ojude-Oba,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chima|first=Naomi|date=2024-06-22|title=When Ijebu-Ode stood still for Ojude Oba festival|url=https://punchng.com/when-ijebu-ode-stood-still-for-ojude-oba-festival/|access-date=2024-06-27|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> e ñalngu Epe.[citation needed]
Won e cuuɗi janngirɗe toowɗe lolluɗe e nder Lagos ina tawee e nder Epe. Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde dowla Lagos (LASU),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lagos State University - About LASU|url=https://lasu.edu.ng/home/pages/?id=about|access-date=2024-06-27|website=lasu.edu.ng}}</ref> Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Pan-Atlantik (PAU),<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-07-01|title=History of PAU - Pan-Atlantic University|url=https://pau.edu.ng/about-pau/history/|access-date=2024-06-27|language=en-US}}</ref> Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde karallaagal Yaba,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vision and Mission {{!}} Yaba College of Technology Lagos Nigeria|url=http://yabatech.edu.ng/vision.php|access-date=2024-06-27|website=yabatech.edu.ng}}</ref> e duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde jaŋde leslesre Michael Otedola ina njeyaa e majji (MOCOPED).
Epe woni kadi nokkuure jibinannde yimɓe mawɓe bana gonnooɗo guwerneer lesdi Lagos [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] e jom jawdi [[Naajeeriya]] [[Femi Otedola]].<ref name=":322">{{Cite news|last1=Onyeakagbu|first1=Adaobi|title=See how all the 36 Nigerian states got their names|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/see-how-all-the-36-nigerian-states-got-their-names/g8bkn2c|access-date=25 December 2021|newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]]}}</ref>.
=== Ojo ===
Winndannde mawnde: [[Ojo]], diiwaan [[Lagos]]
Ojo ko wuro ngo Awori en ɓuri heewde hoɗde, ina waɗi 507 693 neɗɗo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe keewɗe maantiniiɗe, ina jeyaa heen Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Lagos e Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Jaŋde Lagos, anndiraangal ko adii ɗuum Duɗal Jaŋde Adeniran Ogunsanya (AOCOED). Wuro ngo ina jaɓɓoo kadi duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamu fedde nde, Ijanikin, e luumo hakkunde leyɗeele Alaba lollungo.
Diiwaan Lagos, mo njuuteendi mum tolnii e 250 miliyaar dolaar [[Amerik]],<ref name="NairaMetrics">{{cite web|url=https://nairametrics.com/2025/03/12/lagos-gdp-hits-259-billion-ranks-as-africas-second-largest-city-economy/|title=Lagos GDP hits $259 billion, ranks as Africa's second-largest city economy|publisher=NairaMetrics.com|date=12 March 2025|access-date=16 March 2025}}</ref> ko nokku faggudu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] mawɗo. Faggudu leydi ndii ina doolni, ina yahra e porto mum keewɗo doole, dingiral karallaagal kesal, e sektoraa peewnugol cemmbinɗo, ina jokki e yaajde, ina jokki e waɗde Lagos no nokku faggudu winndereyankeewo maantinɗo. So tawiino Lagos ko leydi ndimaagu, ina jeyaa e leyɗeele 30 ɓurɗe mawnude e faggudu winndere ndee, kadi ina jeyaa e faggudu joyaɓuru ɓurndu mawnude e nder [[Afrik]].<ref name="John M. O. Ekundayo 2013 1352">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WjhKyg8OjBUC&q=Lagos+State+Economy+in+Africa&pg=PA135|title=Out of Africa: Fashola: Reinventing Servant Leadership to Engender Nigeria's Transformation|author=John M. O. Ekundayo|page=135|publisher=AuthorHouse|year=2013|isbn=9781481790406}}</ref> Lagos State woni suudu mawndu ko ɓuri heewde e bankeeji njulaagu e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lagos State Economy|url=https://lagosstate.gov.ng/about-lagos/#:~:text=LAGOS%20STATE%20ECONOMY&text=Lagos%20is%20also%20Nigeria%27s%20financial,Nigerian%20Stock%20Exchange%20%5BNSE%5D.|access-date=2021-08-31|website=}}</ref> Diiwal ngal ɓuri famɗude baasal mawngal (hedde 1,3% e yimɓe leydi ndii e dow 31%) e nder diiwanuuji [[Naajeeriya]] fof, e wiyde humpitooji Banke Adunaajo gila 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Geospatial Poverty Portal: Interactive Maps|url=https://pipmaps.worldbank.org/en/data/datatopics/poverty-portal/poverty-interactivemap|access-date=2024-01-22|website=World Bank|language=en}}</ref> Ko wonaa ɗuum koo, baasal e baasal ko huunde mawnde e nder diiwaan Lagos.
Hakke ngalu mayru e hitaande 2017 ko hedde [[₦]]334 miliyaar (fotde 920 miliyoŋ dolaar [[Amerik]]), ɓeydiima fotde 10,43% so yerondiraama e hitaande 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Internally Generated Revenue At State Level 2017|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics|url=http://nigerianstat.gov.ng/elibrary?queries[search]=revenue}}</ref> E feccere adannde e hitaande 2021, ngalu ngu Dowla oo heɓi e nder leydi ndii (IGR) tan ina tolnoo e [[₦]]267 miliyaar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Reports {{!}} National Bureau of Statistics|url=https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/elibrary/read/1241089|access-date=2022-10-05|website=nigerianstat.gov.ng}}</ref>
=== Lekki nokku njulaagu ndimaagu ===
''Zone'' de ''commerce'' libre [[Lekki]] ([[Lekki]] FTZ) ko zone libre tawaande e fuɗnaange [[Lekki]], ko ina tolnoo e 155 kiloomeeteer kaaree. Faandaare adannde ndee ina jogii 30 kiloomeeteer kaaree, tawi ko ina wona 27 kiloomeeteer kaaree ngam mahngo wuro, tawa ina waawi hoɗde e 120 000 hoɗɓe. E fawaade e peeje ''Master'', zone libre oo maa ƴellite e nder wuro keso jamaanu e nder wuro ngo jokkondire hakkunde gollorɗe, njulaagu e njulaagu, ƴellitaare jeyi leydi, depasuuji e njulaagu, turism, e wellitaare.<ref name="China-Africa">{{cite web|title=Plans of Lekki Free Trade Zone ( Lekki FTZ)|url=http://en.calekki.com/ghjs_detail/newsId=337.html|access-date=15 December 2015|publisher=China-Africa Lekki Investment Ltd.|archive-date=22 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222131348/http://en.calekki.com/ghjs_detail/newsId=337.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== Ngalu miniraal ===
Ko ɗeeɗoo geɗe miniraal ina tawee e nder diiwaan Lagos:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Natural Resources – Welcome To The Embassy of Nigeria|url=https://nigerianembassythehague.nl/about-nigeria/natural-resources/|access-date=2021-12-19|language=en-US}}</ref>
Loyre<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Atulegwu|first=David|date=2020-09-08|title=List of Natural Mineral Resources Found in Lagos State|url=https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/natural-mineral-resources-found-in-lagos-state/|access-date=2022-03-21|website=Nigerian Infopedia|language=en-US}}</ref>
Bitumen<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|last=Atulegwu|first=David|date=2020-09-08|title=List of Natural Mineral Resources Found in Lagos State|url=https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/natural-mineral-resources-found-in-lagos-state/|access-date=2022-03-21|website=Nigerian Infopedia|language=en-US}}</ref>
Sanngara gilaas<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|last=Atulegwu|first=David|date=2020-09-08|title=List of Natural Mineral Resources Found in Lagos State|url=https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/natural-mineral-resources-found-in-lagos-state/|access-date=2022-03-21|website=Nigerian Infopedia|language=en-US}}</ref>
Nebam ɗam
== Geography ==
=== Keeri Ndiyam ===
Keeri ndiyam lesdi Lagos ɗon limta bee maayo Atlantik haa fombina bee maayo Lagos haa fuunaange. Dowla oo kadi ina taƴaa e maayooji e ɓulli keewɗi, ina heen maayo Ogun, ngo ɓuuɓnata e nder ''Lagoon''. Nokkuuji mawɗi daande maayo ina mbaɗi duunde ''Victoria'', [[Lekki]], e Epe. Nokkuure Lagos’en nde woni haa sera maayo Atlantik, waɗi ɗum nokkuure mawnde ngam filu e filu, bee nanta Port Lagos e Port Tin Can Island woni nokkuure ɓurnde ɗuuɗugo haa lesdi [[Naajeeriya]].
=== Wakati ===
E nder limto weeyo Köppen, diiwaan Lagos ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am), ina sifaa e sahaaji ɓuuɓɗi e yoorooji ceertuɗi. Toɓooli ɗii ina njokka tuggi abriil haa oktoobar, tawi toɓooli ɗii ina tolnoo e 1 800 haa 2 000 mm hitaande kala. Toɓɓere nguleeki ina heddii e toowde e nder hitaande ndee fof.
Wakkati yooro : noowammbar haa marse, ina maantiniri henndu harmattan, ndu addanta henndu yoorndu e ɓuuɓndu ummoraade e jeereende Saharaa.
Wakkati toɓo : Toɓooli mawɗi e ɓuuɓol sahaa e sahaa fof tuggi lewru abriil haa oktoobar.
Hakindo nguleeki ñalawma ina tolnoo e 28 °C haa 34 °C (82 °F haa 93 °F). Tampere ɓurnde toowde winndaande to Lagos ko 38 °C (100 °F), ɓurnde famɗude ko 21 °C (70 °F).
Lagos ina jogii weeyo ''Tropical'' ɓuuɓngo e yoorngo walla savanna. Nguleeki wuro ngo hitaande kala ko 28,67 °C (83,61 °F) e ko -0,79% ɓuri lesɗude e nguleeki leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. Lagos ina heewi heɓde fotde 132,01 milimeeteer (5,2 inch) toɓo, ina waɗi balɗe toɓo 193,63 (53,05% e sahaa) hitaande kala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lagos, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Weather Averages and Historical Data|url=https://tcktcktck.org/nigeria/lagos|access-date=2023-06-30|website=tcktcktck.org}}</ref>
=== Ɓoornugol ndiyam ===
Dowla Lagos ina jogii lowre ɓuuɓnde, ɓuuɓnde, e maayooji. Lagoon Lagos woni ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam ngam diiwaan oo, jokkondirɗo e maayo Atlantik rewrude e laawol Commodore. Maayo Ogun, ummoriiɗo e [[diiwaan Ogun]], ina ilna bannge worgo, ina naata e maayo Lagos. Badagry ''Creek'' e ''Five Cowrie'' Creek kadi ina mballita e njuɓɓudi ndiyam diiwaan oo.
Ilam ko caɗeele keewɗe, haa teeŋti noon e sahaa toɓooli tuggi lewru abriil haa oktoobar, sibu nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ɗo tuugii e nokkuuji gonɗi e daande maayo ina mbaɗa Lagos ina waawi waasde jogaade ndiyam e ɓuuɓol.
=== Geɗe taariindi ===
''Pollution'' ndiyam To Lagos, ''pollution'' ndiyam ko huunde maantiniinde. Kuutoragol cellal mawngol ina ummoo sabu vursugol vursugol vursugol vursugol vursugol vursugol vursugol vursugol vursugol e nder ''system Lagoon''. Yimɓe ina ngondi e ñawuuji bonɗi baɗɗi ndiyam ko wayi no kolera e ɓuuɓri sabu ɗuum. Limre hoɗɓe e Lagos jogiiɓe ndiyam laaɓɗam laawɗuɗam ina famɗi no feewi, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ina tuugnii e sektoraa mo wonaa laamuyankeejo, baɗɗo ɓulli. Lagos ina jogii nokku ɓuuɓɗo mo toɓooli mum tolnii ko ina tolnoo e 2 000 milimeeteer hitaande kala, ina taaroo ndiyam, kono ko ɓuri heewde e ndiyam ɗam ina moƴƴi e yarde. Ko ɓuri heewde e hoɗɓe e Lagos ina tuugnii e sektoraa mo wonaa laawɗuɗo, ko wayi no ɓulli, ɓulli, maayooji, e toɓooli, sibu ndiyam laaɓɗam laawɗuɗam ina famɗi no feewi. Ɗaɓɓaande dowla ñalnde kala e hitaande 2016 ko<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Lagos Challenges|url=https://www.coolgeography.co.uk/gcsen/Lagos_Challenges.php#:~:text=Water%20pollution%20is%20a%20major,affecting%20people%20as%20a%20result.|access-date=2022-03-21|website=www.coolgeography.co.uk}}</ref>
Pollugol henndu<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|title=Lagos Challenges|url=https://www.coolgeography.co.uk/gcsen/Lagos_Challenges.php#:~:text=Water%20pollution%20is%20a%20major,affecting%20people%20as%20a%20result.|access-date=2022-03-21|website=www.coolgeography.co.uk}}</ref>
Waasde<ref name=":23">{{Cite web|title=Lagos Challenges|url=https://www.coolgeography.co.uk/gcsen/Lagos_Challenges.php#:~:text=Water%20pollution%20is%20a%20major,affecting%20people%20as%20a%20result.|access-date=2022-03-21|website=www.coolgeography.co.uk}}</ref>
Ko ɓuuɓri jolngo<ref name=":24">{{Cite web|title=Lagos Challenges|url=https://www.coolgeography.co.uk/gcsen/Lagos_Challenges.php#:~:text=Water%20pollution%20is%20a%20major,affecting%20people%20as%20a%20result.|access-date=2022-03-21|website=www.coolgeography.co.uk}}</ref>
Pollution noddaango
=== Leɗɗe e kullon ladde ===
Geografi keeriiɗo mo diiwaan Lagos ina wallita ekosistemaaji keewɗi, ina jeyaa heen nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi daande maayo, laddeeji mangrove, e laddeeji toɓooji ɓuuɓɗi. Muuñal ko wayi no ''mangrove'', nebam, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, e muuñal leɗɗe tiiɗɗe ceertuɗe ina tawee e diiwaan hee. Leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe diiwaan oo ko nokkuuji leɗɗe ndiyam ko wayi no hyacinth ndiyam e ƴiye. Lagos’ fauna feere-feere hawti bee kullon ladde [[Afrik]], antelopeeji, e ɓiɓɓe civet [[Afrik]]. Koɗorɗe Niil, ƴiye ''monitor'', e pitonuuji. Dowla oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 250 sifaa colli, ina heen : ƴiye daneeje [[Afrik]], ƴiye daneeje, e ƴiye hammerkop. ''Lagoon'' Lagos e maayo Atlantik ina mballita e nguurndam maayo keewɗam, ko wayi no tilapia, liɗɗi, karaŋ, e ƴiye. Urbanisaasiyoŋ e pollugol ina hulɓinii leƴƴi keewɗi, ɗum addani golle reende e nder nokkuuji restoraaji dowla oo e nokkuuji reentorɗi, ko wayi no nokku reende [[Lekki]]
[[File:Wood Walkway, Lekki Conservation Center Lagos.jpeg|thumb|Laawol leɗɗe, nokkuure ndeenka Lekki Lagos]]
[[File:National arts theatre (14981772010).jpg|thumb|Teyaatre naalankooɓe ngenndi]]
=== Parkeeji, Maandeeji e Monumndaaji ===
Dowla Lagos ina jogii nokkuuji keewɗi reentorɗi ngam hisnude keewal nguurndam mum keeringal:
Nokku desorɗe Lekki : Ko nokku desorɗe 78 ektaar, mo laawol canopy ɓurngol juutde e [[Afrik]].
Lufasi Nature Park : Ko nokku keeriiɗo wonande kullon ladde ngonkon e majjude, kadi ko nokku jaŋde e nder weeyo.
Omu Resort : Ko nokku ladde e pijirlooji, ina waɗi zoo, aquarium, e nokkuuji goɗɗi.
Maandeeji e nokkuuji njiylotooɗi ina njeyaa heen;
Mahdi arandeeri nder leydi [[Naajeeriya]]: Mahi nder hitaande 1845 haa [[Badagry]].
Laawol jiyaaɓe : Badagry ko nokku mawɗo ɗo Afriknaaɓe maccuɓe ummorii e njulaagu jiyaaɓe hakkunde Atlantik.
Musiyum ngenndiijo : Galleeji geɗe, ina heen Mask Festac lolluɗo ummoraade e ñalngu pinal Afrik (FESTAC) hitaande 1977.
Teyaatre ngenndiire : Ko nokku pinal e naalankaagal to Iganmu.
Ponto tataɓo leydi mawndi : E 11,8 km, ko kañum ɓuri juutde e [[Afrik]] worgo, jokkondirɗo e duunde Lagos e leydi mawndi.
Nike ''Art Gallery '': Ko galle naalankaagal ɓurɗo mawnude e nder [[Afrik]] hirnaange, holliroowo naalankaagal Naajeeriya e [[Afrik]].
''Freedom Park '': Kasoo ɓooyɗo e jamaanu koloñaal, wayliima wonti nokku pinal e fijirde
[[File:From-space3.jpg|thumb|Duunde artificielle e ponto]]
== Koɗkiiji ==
=== Pont nayaɓo leydi mawndi ===
Winndannde mawnde: Ponto leydi nayaɓo
Duunde artificielle e ponto
Ponto nayaɓo leydi<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ubanagu|first=Makua|date=2024-01-27|title=Fourth Mainland Bridge, things to know|url=https://punchng.com/10-things-to-know-about-proposed-fourth-mainland-bridge/|access-date=2024-06-27|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> ko eɓɓoore ponto 38 km njuuteendi, nde laamu diiwaan Lagos waɗi, jokkondirnde e duunde Lagos e laawol Langbasa(Lekki) e Baiyeku(Ikorodu) rewrude e maayo Lagos haa Itamaga, to [[Ikorodu]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=NAN|date=22 January 2020|title=Lagos assembly ll support delivery of fourth mainland bridge|url=https://m.guardian.ng/news/lagos-assembly-ll-support-delivery-of-fourth-mainland-bridge|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=3 January 2021|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> Ponto oo ko laawol 2 x 4 lane cargoway cross-sectional e yamiroore BRT Lane e futuro contraction laawol. Ina ɗaminaa maa won ponto ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo juutde e nder [[Afrik]], ina waɗi nokkuuji 3 toɓɓere, 9 jokkorgal, 4,5 km ''Lagoon Bridge'' e nokkuuji ekolosii e nder geɗe goɗɗe ɓeydaaɗe.<ref name=":022">{{Cite news|date=2020-09-29|title=800 houses for demolition as Lagos budgets $2.2b of 4th Mainland Bridge|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/800-houses-to-go-as-lagos-proposes-2-2b-for-4th-mainland-bridge/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2021-01-03|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004222955/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/800-houses-to-go-as-lagos-proposes-2-2b-for-4th-mainland-bridge/|url-status=dead}}</ref> E [[lewru]] abriil 2021 wonno ko 6 bidsee ngam eɓɓaande ndee fotde miliyaaruuji 2,5 dolaar [[Amerik]]. E lewru Decembre, bidsee ɓurɗo yiɗeede oo anndetee.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-28|title=Lagos says Fourth Mainland Bridge contract with funding ready in December 2021 - Nairametrics|url=https://nairametrics.com/2021/04/28/lagos-says-fourth-mainland-bridge-contract-with-funding-ready-in-december-2021/|access-date=2022-01-15|language=en-US}}</ref>
[[File:Babajide Sanwaolu 2019 00 26 20 984000.jpeg|thumb|Babajide Olusola Sanwo-Olu, guwerneer diiwaan Lagos]]
E [[lewru]] Yarkomaa 2022, guwerneer diiwaan Lagos, [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]], hollitii peeje ɗe laamu diiwaan oo waɗi ngam fuɗɗaade mahngo e dow ponto jokkondirɗo Opebi-Mende e ponto 4ɓo 38 kiloomeeteer : "Golle mahngo e dow 38km ponto 4ɓo jokkondirɗo e leydi [[Afrik]] maa won ponto O- — [[Afrik]] ɓurɗo juutde maa fuɗɗo e ndee hitaande."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-03|title=Sanwo-Olu says Opebi-Mende link bridge, 4th mainland bridge projects to commence 2022 - Nairametrics|url=https://nairametrics.com/2022/01/03/sanwo-olu-says-opebi-mende-link-bridge-4th-mainland-bridge-projects-to-commence-2022/|access-date=2022-01-15|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Lagos to begin construction of 4th Mainland Bridge 2022 - Sanwo-Olu - P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2022/01/03/lagos-to-begin-construction-of-4th-mainland-bridge-2022-sanwo-olu/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-01-15|language=en-US|newspaper=[[P.M. News]]}}</ref>
=== Hortol ===
Winndannde mawnde: Jaɓɓungal e nder Lagos
=== Jaɓɓugol e weeyo ===
[[Aeroport Murtala Mohammed]] mo [[Ikeja]] jeyaa ko e aeroportuuji joy mawɗi e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. Nde mahiraa ko e hitaande 1978, nde inniraa ko gonnooɗo hooreejo konu leydi ndii, hono Seneraal [[Murtala Mohammed]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Murtala Muhammed International Airport, Lagos|url=https://www.airport-technology.com/projects/mutalamohammad/|access-date=2020-05-30|website=Airport Technology|language=en-GB}}</ref>
Lagos ina jogii kadi laana ndiwoowa hakkunde leyɗeele [[Lekki]]-Epe ko kañum woni laana ndiwoowa potka waɗeede e nder leydi Lekki, leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ka ina waawi jogaade miliyoŋaaji 5 neɗɗo hitaande kala.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lekki-Epe International Airport New Airport Profile {{!}} CAPA|url=https://centreforaviation.com/data/profiles/newairports/lekki-epe-international-airport|access-date=2021-06-14|website=centreforaviation.com}}</ref>
=== Jaɓɓugol e leydi ===
Yimɓe ina mbaawi yahde e huutoraade otooji kuutortooɗi Siistem Jaawgol Otooji Lagos, anndiraaɗi kadi Lagos BRT ɗi LAMATA rewindata.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jen Ehidiamen|date=28 December 2015|title=Public Transportation in Lagos State...#BRT|work=CP Africa|url=https://www.cp-africa.com/2010/12/28/public-transportation-lagos-state/|access-date=15 June 2021|archive-date=7 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107082258/https://www.cp-africa.com/2010/12/28/public-transportation-lagos-state/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== Jaɓɓugol e laawol laana njoorndi ===
Lagos State Rail Mass Transit ko laana ndiwoowa wuro ngo fuɗɗii golle ñalnde 4 suwee 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-12-01|title=Lagos Blue Line rail begins operations September 4|url=https://punchng.com/lagos-blue-line-rail-begins-operations-september-4/|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-25|title=Lagos says red rail lines will be ready by December 2023|url=https://nairametrics.com/2023/09/04/lagos-says-redline-rail-is-95-ready-will-be-ready-by-end-of-2023/?amp=1|access-date=2021-06-14|website=Nairametrics|language=en-GB}}</ref>
== Ngomna ==
Winndannde mawnde: Politik leydi Lagos
Gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1967, dowla oo ina njuɓɓinee maa guwerneer e suudu sarɗiiji e nder laamuuji fedde siwil walla ko famɗi fof (e les njiimaandi [[Ibraahiima Badamasi Babangida]]), walla laamuuji ''Sole-Administrators'' walla laamuuji konu e nder laamuuji konu. Gila lewru Duujal 2007, Yoruba woni ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal laawɗungal e nder suudu sarɗiiji caggal Engele. Ardii suudu sarɗiiji ko hooreejo leydi, woni darnde cuɓaande.
== Ɗemɗe Laamu Lagos ==
Engeleere e Yoruba fuu woni ɗemɗe laamu lesdi Lagos, [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] woni doole ngam nastugo jangirde mawnde nden boo ɗum doole nder kala janngirde feere-feere e janngirde laamu nder jiha Lagos. [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] ina huutoree kadi e nder ñaawirɗe laamu kam e nder batuuji keewɗi. Yoruba kadi ina huutoree e jaayndeeji ɓurɗi lollude ina jeyaa heen kono wonaa tan "Alaroye" firti ko "faamnoowo" e "Iroyin Owuro" firti ko "Kabaruuji subaka." Ɗee jaayndeeji ina ceerti e nder leydi [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]], ina tawee e internet ngam hisnude ɗemngal Yoruba kam e uddude jokkere enɗam hakkunde Yoruba en ɓe mbaawaa faamde Engele no moƴƴi. Yimɓe nattii miijaade wonde [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] ina famɗi e Engele kono [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] hannde kadi maa yiyte ko ɗemngal teeŋtungal, tawa kadi wonaa "ko ɓooyi walla ko ɓooyi" no yoga e sukaaɓe njiyrata ɗum jooni nii . Engele e Yoruba fof ko ɗemɗe teeŋtuɗe no feewi e nder diiwaan Lagos. Sariyaaji e kuule Lagos ina tawee e ɗemngal [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] e Engele<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/246709-lagos-assembly-passes-bill-making-yoruba-language-compulsory-schools.html?tztc=1{{Dead link|date=September 2025|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=LASG: Yoruba Now Mandatory for Admission into Tertiary Institutions in Lagos|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2018/02/12/lasg-yoruba-now-mandatory-for-admission-into-tertiary-institutions-in-lagos/|access-date=2025-06-15|newspaper=[[This Day]]|date=12 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200902090286.html|title=Nigeria: Lawmakers Applauded Over Use of Yoruba Language for Plenary|website=allafrica.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Adeyeye|first1=Babatunde|last2=and Salawu|first2=Abiodun|date=2024-04-02|title=Sustainability of Select Indigenous-Language Newspapers Through Advertising in Nigeria: Appraising the Success of Alaroye and Aminiya Newspapers|journal=African Journalism Studies|volume=45|issue=2|pages=156–170|doi=10.1080/23743670.2024.2420923|issn=2374-3670|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-02-13|title=Lagos State Government Fosters Inclusivity with Yoruba Language Translation of State Laws – LACSOP|url=https://www.lacsop.org/2025/02/13/lagos-state-government-fosters-inclusivity-with-yoruba-language-translation-of-state-laws/|access-date=2025-06-15|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Guwerneer ==
Gomnaajo lesdi Lagos jooni woni [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]], mo wurti bee nasaraaku ngam manndaa ɗiɗaɓo nder cuɓi guwerneer 11 mars 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Babajide Sanwo-Olu, the new governor of Lagos State|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/10072/meet-babajide-sanwo-olu-the-new-governor-of-lagos-state/|date=2019-03-11|website=The Africa Report.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=APC retains Lagos as INEC declares Babajide Sanwo-Olu Governor-elect|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-apc-retains-lagos-as-inec-declares-babajide-sanwo-olu-governor-elect/|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|date=10 March 2019|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-20}}</ref> [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] huniima ñalnde 29 [[lewru]] Mbooy hitaande 2023 ngam manndaa ɗiɗaɓo, o jokki e wonde guwerneer demokaraasi 6ɓo e nder diiwaan Lagos e guwerneer 15ɓo e nder diiwaan Lagos fof.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-05-29|title=Sanwo-Olu sworn in as Lagos Governor|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-photos-sanwo-olu-sworn-in-as-lagos-governor/|access-date=2021-12-13|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=SANWO-OLU SWORN-IN AS 15TH GOVERNOR OF LAGOS STATE|url=https://lagosstate.gov.ng/blog/2019/05/29/sanwo-olu-sworn-in-as-15th-governor-of-lagos-state/|access-date=2021-12-14|website=Lagos State Government|language=en-US}}</ref> Ñalnde 18 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2022, laamu diiwaan Lagos hollitii haɗde [[Okada]] e nder nokkuuji 6 laamu nokkuuji diiwaan oo.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-05-18|title=Lagos announces total ban on okada in six local governments|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/lagos-announces-total-ban-on-okada-in-six-local-governments/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-05-18|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
[[File:Babajide sanwo olu official portrait.jpg|thumb|[[Babajide Olusola Sanwo-Olu]], guwerneer diiwaan Lagos]]
== Politik ==
Laamu leydi ndii ina ardii guwerneer cuɓaaɗo e nder demokaraasi, gollodiiɗo e terɗe suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii. Laamorde lesdi man woni Ikeja.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Oguntola|first=Tunde|date=2022-09-27|title=2023: Next President, Govs Must Get Two-thirds Spread, Says INEC|url=https://leadership.ng/2023-next-president-govs-must-get-two-thirds-spread-says-inec/|access-date=2023-02-23|language=en-US|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref>
== Siistem woote ==
Sifaa woote kala diiwaan ina suɓee e kuutoragol sifaa baylaaɗo, gonɗo e doggol ɗiɗi. Ngam suɓaade e daawal gadanal, kanndidaa ina foti heɓde keewal wooteeji e ko ɓuri 25% e wooteeji e nder ko famɗi fof tataɓal ɗiɗi e nder nokkuuji laamu nokkuuji Dowla. So tawii hay kanndidaa gooto rewaani threshold, doggol ɗiɗaɓol waɗata ko hakkunde kanndidaa ɓurɗo toowde e kanndidaa garoowo heɓde keewal wooteeji e nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi heewde laamuuji.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://leadership.ng/2023-next-president-govs-must-get-two-thirds-spread-says-inec/|title=2023: Next President, Govs Must Get Two-thirds Spread, Says INEC|first=Tunde|last=Oguntola|date=27 September 2022|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref>
== Feccere njuɓɓudi laamu ==
=== Nokkuuji laamuuji nokkuuji ===
Ndee feccere ina foti hesɗitineede. Tiiɗno, wallu hesɗitinde ndee winndannde ngam hollirde kewuuji cakkitiiɗi walla kabaruuji kesi keɓaaɗi. ([[Lewru]] Suwee 2015)
Dowla Lagos feccii ko e diwanuuji joy njuɓɓudi laamu, ɗi kadi feccii ko e nokkuuji 20 laamu nokkuuji, walla LGAs. Ɓe limtaama les ɗo bee ɗuuɗal yimɓe maɓɓe bana no limngal 2006<ref name="state_population">{{cite web|url=http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/index.php?page=subpage&spid=12&mnu=null|title=Lagos State – Population|access-date=22 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615075626/http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/index.php?page=subpage&spid=12&mnu=null|archive-date=15 June 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> e no limngal 21 mars 2022 ngal Komitiiru lesdi Naajeeriya (web) e Biro lesdi limngal (web):<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/nigeria/metrolagos/|title=Nigeria: Metro Lagos|access-date=2025-06-06|website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref>
LGA innde Nokku
(km2) Bimngal 2006
yimɓe Estimaasiyoŋ
Mars 2022 Njuɓɓudi
laamorgo Posto
kodde
Duuɓi 12,25 461 743 683 600 Duuɓi 100
Alimosho 183,50 1 319 571 1 953 500 Ikotun 100
Ifako-Ijaye 32,21 427 737 633 200 Ifako 100
Ikeja 42,31 317 614 470 200 Ikeja 100
Kosofe 59,99 682 772 1 010 800 Kosofe 100
Muus 17,01 631 857 935 400 Muus 100
Oshodi-Isolo 54,04 629,061 931,300 Oshodi/Isolo 100
10,30 403 569 597 400 101
Diɗɗal Ikeja ngal 411,61 4 873 924 7 215 400
Apapa 40,40 222 986 330 100 Apapa 101
Eti-Osa 174,90 283 791 420 100 Ikoyi 101
Duunde Lagos 5,05 212 700 314 900 Duunde Lagos 101
Lagos leydi 20,18 326 700 483 600 Lagos leydi 101
Surulere 20,01 502 865 744 400 Surulere 101
Diɗɗal Lagos 260,54 1 549 042 2 293 100
Ajeromi-Ifelodun 12,49 687 316 1 017 500 Ajeromi/Ifelodun 102
Amuwo-Odofin 114,20 328 975 487 000 Wuro Festak 102
Ojo 172,70 609 173 901 800 Ojo 102
Badaaji 445,60 237 731 351 900 Badaaji 103
Diɗɗal Badagry 744,99 1 863 195 2 758 200
Ikorodu 411,30 527 917 781 500 Ikorodu 104
Diiwaan Ikorodu 411,30 527 917 781 500
Ibeju-Lekki 415,90 117 793 174 400 Akodo <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ng.geoview.info/akodo,501513211n|title=Akodo, Lagos, Nigeria|website=ng.geoview.info}}</ref> 105
Epe 1 315,00 181 734 269 000 Epe 106
Feccere Epe 1 730,90 299 527 443 400
Hakke 3 559,34 9 113 605 13 491 800 Ikeja
LGAaji 16 gadani ɗii ina mbaɗi nokkuuji limtilimtinɗi e nder wuro Lagos, ina waɗi 11 915 000 hoɗɓe e lewru marse 2022.<ref>estimated for 21 March 2022 by the National Population Commission of Nigeria (web) and National Bureau of Statistics (web) (as listed on City Population website:.</ref> LGAaji nay keddiiɗi ɗii (Badagry, Ikorodu, Ibeju-Lekki e Epe) ngoni ko e nder diiwaan Lagos kono ɗi ngonaa e nder wuro Lagos mawngo
=== Nokkuuji ƴellitaare diisooji nokkuuji ===
E hitaande 2003, ko heewi e LGAaji 20 gonɗi ɗii, peccitaama ngam njuɓɓudi laamu, e nder nokkuuji ƴellitaare Diisnondiral nokkuuji ɗii. Ɗeeɗoo juɓɓule njuɓɓudi leslese hannde ko 56 : Agbado/Oke-Odo, Agboyi/Ketu, Agege, Ajeromi, [[Alimosho]], Apapa, Apapa-Iganmu, Ayobo/Ipaja, Badagry Hirnaange, Badagry, Bariga, Coker Aguda, Egbe Idimu, Ejigboti-Ejiboti Hirnaange, Iba, Isolo, Imota, Ikoyi, Ibeju, Ifako-Ijaiye, Ifelodun, Igando/Ikotun, Igbogbo/Bayeku, Ijede, [[Ikeja]], Ikorodu Fuɗnaange, Ikorodu Hirnaange, Ikosi Ejinrin, Ikorodu, Ikorodu Hirnaange, Iru/Victoria Duunde, Itire La Ikate Hirnaange, Kosogos Masofe [[Lekki]], Mosan/Okunola, [[Mushin]], Odi Olowo/Ojuwoye, Ojo, Ojodu, Ojokoro, [[Olorunda]], Onigbongbo, Oriade, Orile Agege, Oshodi, Oto-Awori, Shomolu, Surulere e Yaba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/index.php?page=ministrylist&mcat=lga&mtitle=Local+Government+Area&mnu=null|title=Local Government Areas|access-date=2010-03-20|archive-date=24 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324015622/http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/index.php?page=ministrylist&mcat=lga&mtitle=Local%20Government%20Area&mnu=null|url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== Warngooji wooteeji ===
Les ɗo, doggol nokkuuji wooteeji, ina heen gure e duɗe, yuɓɓinaaɗe e nokkuuji wooteeji.<ref>{{cite web|title=Polling Unit Locator Tool|publisher=[[Independent National Electoral Commission (Nigeria)|Independent National Electoral Commission]] (INEC)|location=Abuja, Nigeria|date=December 28, 2019|url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/elections/polling-units/|access-date=December 28, 2019|archive-date=27 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827213859/https://www.inecnigeria.org/elections/polling-units/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Wardooji LGA
Agege Isale/Idimangoro; Iloro/Onipetesi; Oniwaya/Baaba-Uku; Agbotikuyo/Dopemu; Oyewole/Baaba Ashafa; Okekoto; Keke; Darocha; Tabon Tabon/Oko Oba; Orile Agege/Oko Oba; Isaale Odo
Ajeromi/Ifelodun Ago Hausa; Awodi-Oraa; Wilmer; Olodi; Tolu; Temidire adannde; Laawol Ojo; Layeni; Alaba Oro; Mosafejo; Temidiire ɗiɗaɓo
Alimosho Shasha/Akowonjo; Egbeda/Alimoso; Idimu/Isheri Olofin; Akesan; Ikotun/Ijegun; Egbe/Agodo; Igando/Egan; Ipaja Fuɗnaange; Ipaja Fuɗnaange; Wuro Ayobo/Ijon (Kampaañ Daawuuda); Weltaare/Oke-Odo; Abule-Egba/Aboru/Meiran/Alagbado
Amuwo-Odofin Koɗorɗe Amuwo-Odofin, Kilomeeteer 2; Festak 1; Festak ɗiɗaɓo; Kirikiri; Amuwo; Ijegun; Satelit; Irede; Ibese; Igbologun; Festak III
Apapa Apapa I (Laawol maayo e saraaji mum); Apapa II (Laawol Liverpool e saraaji mum); Apapa III (Creek Rd. Tincan/Snake Island; Apapa IV (Pelewura Crescent e saraaji mum); Ijora-Oloye; Olodan St
Badagri Posukoh; Awhanjigoh; Ibereko; Keta-Fuɗnaange; Iworo Gbanko; Ajido; Ilogbo-Araromi; Ikoga; Ajara; Iya-Afin
Epe Etita/Ebode; Lagbade; Popo-Oba; Oke-Balogun; Ajaganaabe; Ise/Igbogun; Oriba/Ladaba; Abomiteeji; Agbowa; Agbowa Ikosi; Ago Owu; Orugbo; Ilara; Ibonwon; Odoragunsin; Pokka; Odomola; Ejirin; Itoyikin
Eti-Osa Duunde Wiktooriya I; Duunde Wiktooriya II; Koɗki Ilasan; Lekki/Ikate e saraaji mum; Ilado/Eti-Osa e saraaji mum; Ajah/Sangooji; Ado/Langbasa/Badore; Ikoyi mi; Ikoyi ɗiɗaɓo; Obalnde
Ibeju/Lekki Ibeju I; N2, (Ibeju ɗiɗaɓo); Orimedu miin; 02, (Orimedu II); 03, (Orimedu tataɓo); P1, (Iwerekun I); Iwerekun ɗiɗaɓo; S1, (Lekki I); Lekki ɗiɗaɓo; S2, (Siriwon/Igbekodo I) ; S,2a (Siriwon/Igbekodo II)
Ifako-Ijaye Ijaye; Ifako/Karaole ɓooyɗo; Ifako/Oyemekun keso; Laawol Fagba/Akute; Iju Isaga; Iju-Obawole; Pamada/Abule-Egba; Ijaiye/Ojokoro; Ijaiye/Agbado/Kollinton; Alakuko/Kollingol; Ajegunle/Akinde/Animashaun
Ikeja Anifowoshe/Ikeja; Ojodu/Agidingbi/Omole; Alausa/Oregun/Olusosun; Aeroport/Onipetesi/Onilekere; Ipodo/Seriki Aro; Adekunle Vill./Adeniyi Jones/Ogba; Oke-Ira/Aguda; Onigbongbo/Kanton konu; Gra/Kaɓirgal polis; Waasimi/Opebi/Alen
Ikorodu Isele I; Isele ɗiɗaɓo; Isele tataɓo; Aga/Ijimu; Ipakodo; Imota 1; Imota ɗiɗaɓo; Isiyu; Igbogbo mi; Igbogbo ɗiɗaɓo; Bayyeku/Oreta; Ijede J; Ijede ɗiɗaɓo; Agura/Iponmi; Odogunyan; Erikorodu; Agbala; Olorunda/Igbaga
Kosofe Oworonshoki; Ifako/Soluyi; Antoni/Estaad Ajao/Mende/Meriland; Ojota/Ogudu; Ketu/Alapere/Agidi/Orisigun/Kosofe/Ajelogo/Akanimodo; Ikosi Ketu/Kilomeeteer 12/Agiliti/Maidan; Isheri-Olowo-Ira/Sangisha/Magodo Fase I & II; Agboyi mi; Agboyi ɗiɗaɓo; Owode Onirin/Ajegunle/Odo-Ogun
Duunde Lagos Olowgbowo/Elegbata; Oluwol; Idumota/Oke; Oju-Oto; Oko-Awo; Agarawu/Obadina; Iduntafa; Ilupesi; Isaale-Agbede; Olosun; Olusi/Kakawa; Popo-Aguda; Anikantam; Oko-faji; Eiyekole; Onikan; Ɓoornugol njaareendi; Epeteedo; Lafiiji/Ebute
Lagos leydi mawndi Otto/Iddo; Wuro Olaleye; Maroko/Ebute Metta; Luumo Oyingbo/Ebute Metta; Glover/Ebute Metta; Oko-Baaba; Estaad Oyadiran/Abule-Oja; Alagomeji; Iwaya; Yaaba/Igbobi
Mushin Alakara; Idi-Oro/Odi-Olowu; Baalosa; Ojuwoye; Ilupeju; Olaaju; Kayode/Fadeyi; Muusin/Atewolara; Baaba-Ajao; Ilaasamaaja; Babalosa/Idi-Araba; Idi-Aaraba; Itire; Ko nokku gollordu Ilupeju
Wuro Ojo Ojo; Okokomayko; Ajangbadi; Ijanikin; Iba; Irewe; Tafi; Etegbiin; Idoluwo; Sabo, Ojo baraas
Oshodi/Isolo Oshodi/Bolade; Oriil-Oshodi; Isolo; Estaad Ajao; Mafoluku; Sogunle; Sogunle/Alasii; Okota; Ishagatedo; Oke-Afa/Ejigbo
Somolu Onipanu; Kosam/Ijebutedo; Alade; Bajulaaye; Mafowoku/Pedro; Lad-Lak/Bariga; Ilaje/Akoka; Igbobi/fadeyi; Fola Agoro/Bajulaiye/Igbari-Akoka; Gbagada Faandaare I Obanikoro/Pedro; Gbagada Faandaare II /Bariga/Apelehin; Abule-Okuta/Ilaje/Bariga
Surulere Orile; Aguda; Ijeshatedo; Akinhanmi/Kool; Yaba/Ojuelba; Igbaja/Estaad; Sitta/Ogunlana; Adeniran/Ogunsanya; Koɗorɗe Iponri/Erik Moore; Koker; Ikate; Baya-Oje; Igbon/Gambari; Iresaapa; Arolu; Iresaadu; Iregba; Iwofin; Ilaaju; Mayin
== Duɗe jaŋde ==
=== Duɗe jaaɓi haaɗtirde ===
Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Anchor<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://aul.edu.ng/|access-date=2022-03-21|website=Anchor University Lagos|language=en-US}}</ref>
Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Ogustin Ilara]], Epe<ref>{{Cite web|title=Augustine University Ilara Epe|url=https://augustineuniversity.edu.ng/|access-date=2022-03-21|website=augustineuniversity.edu.ng}}</ref>
Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaleb<ref>{{Cite web|title=Caleb University, Lagos, Nigeria|url=https://calebuniversity.edu.ng/|access-date=2022-03-21|website=Caleb University|language=en-gb}}</ref>
Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde wuro CETEP
Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde leydi Lagos<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lagos State University - Home|url=https://lasu.edu.ng/home/|access-date=2022-03-22|website=lasu.edu.ng}}</ref> (ina heen duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde safaara leydi Lagos<ref>{{Cite web|title=lasucom.edu.ng – Pride of LASU|url=https://lasucom.edu.ng/|access-date=2022-03-22|language=en-US}}</ref>)
Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde lesdi Lagos<ref>{{Cite web|title=Adeniran Ogunsanya – College of Education|url=https://aocoed.edu.ng/|access-date=2022-03-21|website=aocoed.edu.ng}}</ref>
Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ganndal e karallaagal to Lagos<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lagos State Polytechnic|url=https://laspotech.edu.ng/|access-date=2022-03-22|website=laspotech.edu.ng|language=en}}</ref>
Jaami'aare lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], nokkuuje janngirde Lagos<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nounstudentportal.org/noun-study-centres-in-lagos-state/|title=National Open University Of Nigeria, Lagos Study Centres|date=1 September 2015|website=www.nounstudentportal.org}}</ref>
Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''Pan'' Atlantik <ref>{{Cite web|title=Home - Pan-Atlantic University|url=https://pau.edu.ng/|access-date=2022-03-22|language=en-US}}</ref> (ina heen Duɗal Njulaagu Lagos <ref>{{Cite web|title=Home {{!}} Lagos Business School|url=https://www.lbs.edu.ng/|access-date=2022-03-22|website=Lagos Business School}}</ref>)
Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos<ref>{{Cite web|title=Unilag Home|url=https://unilag.edu.ng/|access-date=2022-03-22|website=University of Lagos|language=en-US}}</ref>
=== Politeknik & Monoteknik ===
Koolaaɗo kuuɓal liɗɗi e karallaagal maayo<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to FCFMT|url=https://fcfmt.edu.ng/|access-date=2022-03-22|language=en-US}}</ref>
Politeknik wuro Lagos<ref>{{Cite web|title=Courses – Lagos City Polytechnic|url=https://elearning.lagoscitypolytechnic.edu.ng/courses/|access-date=2022-03-22|language=en-US}}</ref>
Koolaaɗo kuuɓal karallaagal cellal to Lagos<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lagos State College of Health Technology|url=https://lascohet.edu.ng/|access-date=2022-03-22|language=en-US}}</ref>
Duɗal jaayndeyaagal leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], Ogba<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian Institute of Journalism courses, details and contact information - CoursesEye.com|url=https://www.courseseye.com/colleges-and-universities/436-nigerian-institute-of-journalism.aspx|access-date=2022-03-22|website=www.courseseye.com|language=en}}</ref>
Koolaaɗo kuuɓal karallaagal [[Yaba]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Yabatech|title=Yaba College of Technology Lagos Nigeria|url=https://facebook.com/yabatech|access-date=2022-03-22|website=facebook.com|language=en-gb}}</ref>
=== Kolleeji jaŋde ===
Koolaaɗo kuuɓal jaŋde fedde, [[Akoka]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to FCET – Federal College of Education, AKoka|url=https://fcet-akoka.edu.ng/|access-date=2022-03-21|language=en-US}}</ref>
[[Mikael Otedola]] to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde leslesre<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-06-11|title=Homepage - Michael Otedola College of Primary Education, MOCPED|url=https://mocped.edu.ng/|access-date=2022-03-22|website=Michael Otedola College of Primary Education -}}</ref>
[[Adeniran Ogunsanya]] Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Jaŋde ɓeydaama e hitaande 2022 jooni Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Jaaɓihaaɗtirde Jaŋde Lagos<ref name="lasued.edu.ng">{{Cite web|title=Home {{!}} Lagos State University of Education, Otto/Ijanikin, Lagos State, Nigeria – LASUED|url=https://lasued.edu.ng/|access-date=2022-08-04|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-12-30|title=Breaking: Lagos upgrades AOCOED to university of education|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/12/breaking-lagos-upgrades-aocoed-to-university-of-education/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-08-04|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref>
=== Turismo ===
Winndannde mawnde: Nokkuuji turism e nder wuro Lagos
Diiwaan Lagos ina jogii ko ina tolnoo e 700 km e nder maayo Atlantik ko ina tolnoo e 20 hakkunde hirnaange [[Badagry]] e fuɗnaange [[Lekki]]. Yanti e ɗeen, ina waɗi nokkuuji turism keewɗi. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen :
Koɗo Atlas, [[Apapa]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-02-27|title=Atlas Cove: Navy at war with vandals|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/02/atlas-cove-navy-at-war-with-vandals/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-03-22|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
Bar Beach, duunde Wiktooriya<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bar Beach Lagos State :: Nigeria Information & Guide|url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Lagos/Bar-Beach-Lagos.html|access-date=2022-03-22|website=www.nigeriagalleria.com}}</ref>
Ɗaɗi Elegushi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Elegushi Beach Lagos State :: Nigeria Information & Guide|url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Lagos/Elegushi-Beach-Lagos.html|access-date=2022-03-22|website=www.nigeriagalleria.com}}</ref>
Beeli [[Tarkwa Bay Beach|Tarkwa Bay]] <ref>{{Cite web|last=travelwaka|date=2019-12-08|title=Tarkwa Bay Beach - A beautiful Island off the Coast of Lagos|url=https://www.travelwaka.com/tarkwa-bay-beach-a-beautiful-island-off-the-coast-of-lagos/|access-date=2022-03-22|website=TravelWaka|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Best Lagos|date=2023-06-24|title=The Tarkwa Bay Beach: Full Guide And Review|url=https://bestlagos.ng/tarkwa-bay-beach-guide-review/|access-date=2023-08-19|website=BestLagos.ng|language=en-GB}}</ref>
[[Duundeere Topo]], to [[Badagri]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Lagos|url=https://lagosstate.gov.ng/about-lagos/|access-date=2021-06-16|website=Lagos State Government|language=en-US}}</ref>
Sifaa laamɗo Ado, duunde Lagos<ref>{{Cite news|title=king Ado Archives|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/tag/king-ado/|access-date=2022-08-04|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|date=10 February 2017|language=en-GB}}</ref>
Laabi [[Tafawa Balewa]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tafawa Balewa Square – Channels Television|url=https://www.channelstv.com/tag/tafawa-balewa-square/|access-date=2022-08-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=@10times|title=Tafawa Balewa Square {{!}} 10times|url=https://10times.com/venues/tafawa-balewa-square-lagos|access-date=2022-08-04|website=10times.com|language=en}}</ref>
Jardiiji Giwa e nder diiwaan Sangotedo ko nokku ndiyam, ina wiyee ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e nder Afrik hirnaange.<ref>{{Citation|title=Giwa Gardens at Lekki, Lagos, Nigeria The Largest Water Park in West Africa|date=15 March 2024|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9Z0fnFp2xk|access-date=2024-03-16|language=en}}</ref>
== Demokaraasi ==
Lagos lesdi woni haa lesdi [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] nden ɗemngal [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] ɓuri ɗuuɗugo. Dowla man ɗon nodda woɓɓe ɓe naa Yoruba'en jooɗiiɓe ton ngam ɗaɓɓitugo laddeeji ɓurduɗi ngam nodda [[Najeeriya (Nigeria)|Naajeeriya'en]] e jananɓe fuu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Lagos|url=https://lagosstate.gov.ng/about-lagos/|access-date=2022-03-21|website=Lagos State Government|language=en-US}}</ref>
Hoɗɓe e leydi ndii ina mbaɗi Awori e [[Ogu]] a.k.a [[Egun]] e nder diiwaan [[Ikeja]] e [[Badagry]], tawi Egun ɓuri taweede ko e [[Badagry]].
Ina woodi kadi jillondiral e koɗdiiɗo goɗɗo pioneer en ɓe nganndu-ɗaa ko Eko.<ref>{{Cite news|last=omotolani|date=2022-02-03|title=6 interesting facts about Lagos|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/6-interesting-facts-about-lagos/sxw5k81|access-date=2022-03-21|newspaper=[[Pulse Nigeria]]|language=en}}</ref>
Nokkuuji laamu nokkuuji [[Alimosho]] e Ifako-Ijaiye ɓuri heewde ko yimɓe Yorubaaji [[Egba]] e [[Egbado]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fenske|first1=James|title=Land abundance and economic institutions: Egba land and slavery|date=1830|publisher=The Economic History Review|page=65|jstor=41475597|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41475597|access-date=July 31, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ogunhemi|first1=Gabriel Ogundeji|title=Counting the Camels: The Economics of Transportation in PreIndustrial Nigeria|journal=The Journal of African History|date=1982|volume=24|issue=3|pages=392|publisher=Nok Publishers|doi=10.1017/S0021853700022143|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/abs/consider-the-camel-counting-the-camels-the-economics-of-transportation-in-preindustrial-nigeria-by-gabriel-ogundeji-ogunhemi-new-york-and-lagos-nok-publishers-international-1982-pp-x-238-1850-795-paperback/36A644C22E197E8FDF58EAE40CB4C340|access-date=July 31, 2024|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Nokku oo ina heewi pinal, teeŋtuɗo e nder heen ko juulde Oro, Igunnu e [[Egungun]] hitaande kala.
Yimɓe jeyaaɓe e diiwaan [[Ikorodu]] e [[Epe]] ɓuri heewde ko [[Ijebu]] en, ina njogii poosuuji Eko-Awori koɗdiiɗo e saraaji maayo e nokkuuji maayo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Epe {{!}} Nigeria {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Epe|access-date=2022-03-21|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref>
== Dina ==
Diinaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder diiwaan Lagos ko diineeji kerecee en e diineeji [[Lislaamu|lislaam]] hay so tawii won diineeji gaadanteeji ina kuutoree haa jooni.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-05-18|title=Lagos mulls holiday for traditional worshippers|url=https://punchng.com/lagos-mulls-holiday-for-traditional-worshippers/|access-date=2021-12-14|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Ekklesiyaaji kollitooji ina mbaɗi Anglikan, ''Baptist'', ''Methodist'', 25,6% Katolik Roma, e ekklesiyaaji keewɗi nokkuuji e ruuhu. [[Lislaamu|Lislaam]] e ruuhuuji aadaaji [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] ina kuutoree kadi.
Diiwaan Anglikan mo Lagos (2002) nder Egliis [[Naajeeriya]] ina hawri e Dioceesuuji nay Lagos (1919) ɗi Bishop Humphrey Bamisebi Olumakaiye ardii haa o maayi 2022, [[Badagry]] ɗi Bishop [[Babatunde Joseph Adeyemi]] ardii (2005), Lagodland2019. e Lagos Hirnaange (1999) e 275 parwisaaji tawi ko Biskop [[James Olusola Odeji]] ardii ɗum (2013).
343 675 katolik (2021) e nder Arsidiyooseeji Lagos (1860 ko Vikariyaat Apostolik Dahomey) e 184 parroisseeji e les njiimaandi Arsidiyoos [[Alfred Adewale Martins]] (2012).
== Yimɓe teskinaaɓe ==
[[Femi Ojo Ade]], winndiyanke
[[Kemi Adetiba]], baɗɗo filmo
[[Jimi Agbaje]], dawriyanke
[[Henry Ajomale|Henri Ajomale]], dawriyanke
[[Rilwan Akiolu|Rilwan akiolu]], oba de lagos
[[Akinwunmi Ambode]], hiisiwal e politik
[[Miyonse Amosu]], cukko hooreejo e neɗɗo jaayndeeji
[[Josy Anne]], neɗɗo jaayndeyaagal
[[Ayodele Awojobi]], jannginoowo
[[Segun Awosanya]], awokaa
[[Muiz Banire]], awokaa
[[Basket]], ko jom jaleeɗe
[[Paul Boroh]] (jibinaa ko hitaande 1958), ko o dawriyanke, ko seneraal konu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] mo joofni golle mum
[[Henri Rawlingson Karr]], jannginoowo
[[G. B. A. Coker]], gonnooɗo ñaawoowo to suudu sarɗiiji leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]
[[F. C. O. Coker]], hooreejo ceede ''Municipal'' [[Naajeeriya]] arandeejo, gonnooɗo binndoowo laamu lesdi Lagos, hooreejo arandeejo ICAN
[[Lanre Towry-Coker]], ko mahoowo leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ko o dawriyanke
[[Davido]], ko jimoowo
[[Kandido Da Rocha]] (1860-1959) – jom njulaagu leydi Nijeer
[[T. A. Doherty]] (1895–1974) Sosde Bursi [[Naajeeriya]] & Banke Ngenndiijo [[Naajeeriya]]. Jaagorgal njulaagu, politik & Awokaa.
[[Tony Elumelu|Toni Elumelu]], jom njulaagu
[[Falz]], jimoowo
[[Babatunde Fashola|Babatunde fashola]], dawriyanke
[[Femi Gbajabiamila]], dawriyanke
[[Bode George]], ko o dawriyanke
[[Ronke Giwa-Onafuwa]], yeewtanoowo rajo
[[Adekunle Kaŋŋe]], jimoowo
[[Amy Jadesimi]], debbo njulaagu
[[Oladipo Jadesimi]], jom njulaagu
[[Lateef Jakande]], dawriyanke
[[Mobolaji Johnson]], guwerneer gadano, diiwaan Lagos.
[[TB Yosuwe]], jaagorde Kerecee’en
[[Fela kuti|Fela Kuti]], jimoowo
[[Mr Macaroni|Mr Makaroni]], koolaaɗo
[[Herbert Macaulay|Herbert Makalay]], ngenndiyanke
[[Musiliu Obanikoro]], dawriyanke
[[Hakeem Olajuwon]], jolfo ''basket''
[[Babatunde Olatunji]], musiɗɗo
[[Omos]], ko ƴaañoowo karallo
[[Bruce Onobrakpeya]], naalanke
[[Oba Otudeko]], jom njulaagu
[[Jim Ovia]], jom njulaagu
[[Rahman Owokoniran]], ko o neɗɗo politik
[[Kiristofer Sapara Wiliyam,]] (1855-1915) woni Awokaajo arandeejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]
[[Babajide Sanwo-Olu|Babajide sanwo olu]], guwerneer diiwal ngal
[[Toyin Saraki]], balloowo cellal
[[Wole Soyinka]], winndiyanke
[[Bola Tinubu]], dawriyanke
[[Efunroye Tinubu]], jom jawdi en
[[Remi Tinubu]], dawriyanke
[[Banky W.]], weltinoowo e politik
[[Akintola Wiliyam]], (1919-2023) [[Naajeeriya]] gadano heɓde seedantaagal wonde limto. Sosde Bursi [[Naajeeriya]].
[[Funsho Williams|Funsho Wiliyam]], ko neɗɗo politik
[[Wizkid]], ko jimoowo
== Ƴeew kadi ==
portal Nijeer bannge
Doggol ministeeruuji laamu diiwaan [[Lagos]]
== Tuugnorgal ==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Naajeeriya]]
[[Category:Diiwal Laagos]]
[[Category:Stub]]
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'''Bali Busle''' ko wuro wonngo e diiwaan Fuɗnaange Sanaag e nder leydi Puntland ([[Somaaliya|Somali]]). Somaliland ina jogii kadi <ref>https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/report-rapid-inter-agency-assessment-bari-karkaar-and-parts-sanaag-regionspuntland heɓtinaama 2021-06-20</ref>ɗaɓɓaande e leydi ndii, e diiwaan Dhahar e nder diiwaan njuɓɓudi Somaliland.
Caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Somali, koɗkiiji sosaa ngam waɗde kuuraa e leɗɗe akasiya.<ref>Brahim Hashi Jama (Mars 2016). http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Somaliland_Voter_Reg_Law___Regs_2016.pdf heɓtinaama ñalde 2021-06-20</ref>
Ina woodi kadi wuro ngo innde mum nanndi e diiwaan Mudug.<ref>Simon Mumuli Oduori, Musse Shaie Alim e Nathalie Gomes (fevrier 2006). " https://web.archive.org/web/20231204053434/https://www.faoswalim.org/resources/Land/Environmental_Study_Degradation_Sool_Plateau_and_Gebi.pdf heɓtinaama ñalde 2021-06-20</ref>
== Yiyngo ==
E jamaanu Somaliland Angalteer, koɗkiiji nay tan ngonnoo e ndeeɗoo nokku : Buraan, El Dahir, Xubeera, e Hadaftimo. Caggal nde Somali heɓi jeytaare mum, koɗki kesi sosaa ko e ɓuuɓri e golle goɗɗe. Haa teeŋti nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Somali fuɗɗii hedde 1991, koɗkiiji keewɗi cosi. Koɗki Bali busle fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1992, e daawal ɗiɗmal mahngo ngal waɗi ko e hitaande alif 1995. E wiyde mawɗo gooto to Bali busle. faandaare adannde koɗki kii ko waɗde kuuraa ngam wuro.<ref>IFRC (1999-12-30) https://www.ifrc.org/docs/appeals/annual99/01149902.pdf Heɓtinaama ñalde 2021-06-02</ref>
Leɗɗe kuutorteeɗe ngam peewnugol kuuraa ɓuri heewde ko akasiyaaji native, ko heewi e majji ko taƴaaɗi. Ko ɗum waɗi laamu Puntland haɗii njulaagu kuuraa ummoraade e porto [[Bosso|Bosaso]] e hitaande 1998, caggal ɗuum ummoraade e portooji goɗɗi. Ndeen noon, hakkunde 1992 e 2000, keewal kuuraa jolnaangal e busle Bali ina tolnoo e 100 kammu ñalawma kala, kono caggal 2000, limoore ndee ustii haa 10 kammu ñalawma kala. Huunde durngo kadi neldaama e kammuuji 30-40 e hitaande 2000.<ref>https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/04/17/eleven-dead-diarrhoea-hits-sanaag-region heɓtinaama 2021-06-20</ref>
Yimmɓe limtaaɓe e hitaande 1999 ko 8 000, ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe hannde ɓee no feewi. Fedde lewru boɗeeru [[Somaaliya|Somali]] sosi opitaaluuji e nokkuuji nay, ina heen busle Bali, sibu safaara ñawuuji ina anndaa e nokku hee gila ndeen.<ref>https://www.daljir.com/daawo-yari-kajirta-isbitaalka-magaalada-bali-busle-ee-gobolka-sanaag-dhegayso/ heɓtinaama ñalde 2021-06-20</ref>
E lewru abriil 2008, ñawu nguu yani e nokku hee, wari heen 11 neɗɗo, ñawndi ko ina ɓura 750 e nder gure nay saraaji mum, ina heen busle Bali. Doktoor gooto to opitaal nokku o hollitii laamu Somaliland e fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore wiyeteende Horn Relief neldii ballal.<ref>https://somalilandstandard.com/800-somaliland-soldiers-defected-to-puntland-state/ heɓtinaama ñalde 2021-06-20</ref>
E lewru noowammbar 2017, sukaaɓe heewɓe ŋakkiraaɓe nguura e nder busle Bali, ministeer cellal Puntland ɗaɓɓiraama ballal e kaɓirɗe safaara.<ref>https://somalilandstandard.com/800-somaliland-soldiers-defected-to-puntland-state/ heɓtinaama ñalde 2021-06-20</ref>
E lewru mee 2019, 100 (walla 800[9]) soldaat bataliyoŋ 93 konu Somaliland, yamiraaɗo yo njantu e diiwaan [[Bahamas|Badhan]], [[Ngumi daleewi|ngummii]] Puntland e nder [[Busembatya|busle]] Bali.<ref>https://mustaqbalmedia.net/so/puntland-oo-dalac-siisay-taliyayaasha-ciidamo-ka-soo-goostay-maamulka-somaliland/ heɓtinaama ñalde 2021-06-20</ref>
== Teskorɗe ==
lowre ballal (18/02/2016). "Ciimtol ko faati e ƴeewndo jaawngo hakkunde gollorɗe to Bari, Karkaar e nokkuuji diiwanuuji Sanaag/Puntland Somali". Heɓtinaa ko ñalnde 20/06/2021.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201021014549/http://www.somaliweyn.org/2019/05/30/puntland-oo-soo-dhaweysay-taliyeyaal-iyo-ciidamo-ka-goostay-soomaalilandsawirro/ heɓtinaama ñalde 2021-06-20</ref>
Ibraahiima Haasi Jaama (Mars 2016). "Sariya e kuule binnditagol wootooɓe Somaliland" (PDF). Heɓtinaa ko ñalnde 20/06/2021.
Simon Mumuli Oduori, Musse Shaie Alim e Nathalie Gomes (fevrier 2006). "Njanngu taariindi e ŋakkeende e nder ŋoral Sool e falnde Gebi: diiwaan Sanaag to Fuɗnaange Somali" (PDF). h. 59. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 20/06/2021.
Oduori, hitaande 2006, hello 65
Oduori, hitaande 2006, hello 68
IFRC (30 lewru nduu e hitaande 1999). "SOMALI: CELLAL, ƁURI WAƊDE, PEEWNITOL E JAABAWOL MUSIIBaaji" (PDF). Heɓtinaa ko ñalnde 20/06/2021.
"Sappo e gooto maayi nde rafi caɗtuɗo yani e diiwaan Sanaag". Neɗɗaŋke Keso oo. Ñalnde 14 lewru nduu 2008. Heɓtinaa ko ñalnde 20/06/2021.
"Daawo yari kajirta isbitaalka magaalada Bali-busle ee gobolka Sanaag (dhegayso)". daljir.com. Ñalnde 27 lewru nduu 2017. Heɓtinaa ko ñalnde 20/06/2021.
"800 soldaat Somaliland njippiima e dowla Puntland". Standard leydi [[Somaaliya|Somali]]. Ñalnde 31 lewru nduu 2019. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 21/06/2021.
"Puntland oo dalac siisay Taliyayaasha Ciidamo ka soo goostay maamulka Somaliland". Mustaqbalmediya.net. Ñalnde 31 lewru nduu 2019. Heɓtinaa ko ñalnde 20/06/2021. "Puntland oo soo dhaweysay Taliyeyaal iyo Ciidamo ka goostay Soomaaliland+Sawirro". somaliyanke.org. Ñalnde 30 lewru nduu 2019. Arsiif mum ko e asli ñalnde 21-10-2020. Heɓtinaa ko ñalnde 20/06/2021.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Ahmed Tahir Baduri''' (23 oktoobar 1946 – 30 lewru bowte 2024) ko politik e dipolomaat Eritree, wonnoo ko ammbasadeer e nulaaɗo duumotooɗo to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe wonande Eritree hakkunde 2001 e 2005, lomtii Haile Menkerios. Ko Baduri lomtii ɗum ko Araya Desta.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250221041656/https://press.un.org/en/2001/bio3344.doc.htm "New Permanent Representative of Eritrea Presents Credentials", UN website, 8 February 2001]</ref>
== Nguurndam ==
Ahmed Tahir Baduri jibinaa ko to Hargigo ñalnde 23 ut 1946. Caggal nde o timmini jaŋde makko leslesre to Hargigo, o yahi to Ejipt ɗo o timmini jaŋde makko hakkundeere. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Halab to Siri, o janngi safaara, kono o woppi jaŋde makko e hitaande 1969, o naati fedde wiyeteende « Front de libération d’Eritree ». Ndeen o naatii e Fedde Ndimaagu Leñol, PLF, nde seerti e ELF e hitaande 1970, o woni tergal sosngal Fedde Ndimaagu Leñol Eritree. O jeyaa ko e goomu hakkundeejo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Ndimaagu Leñol Eritree. Caggal nde Eritree woppitaa, o golliima e laamu nguu e mbaadiiji ceertuɗi, o wonii hooreejo biro njulaagu e suudu njulaagu. Baduri sankii ko ñalnde 30 lewru bowte hitaande 2024, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 77.<ref>{{cite news|title=Eritrea: Ambassador Ahmed Tahir Baduri passed away|url=https://www.africa.com/eritrea-ambassador-ahmed-tahir-baduri-passed-away/|access-date=2 February 2024|publisher=Africa.com|date=31 January 2024}}</ref>
== Teskorɗe les ==
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'''Ambesager Yosief''' (jibinaa ko 29 suwee 1984) ko fukuyanke leydi Eritree, fiytotooɗo e fedde wiyeteende Adelaide Raiders.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ftbl.com.au/news/gold-coast-refugees-living-the-dream-271798|title=Ambesager Yosief - FTBl article}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|id={{ProQuest|888610904}}|last1=Fraser|first1=Daniel|title=Eritrean duo enter dreamland in quest to crack United's top team|newspaper=The Gold Coast Bulletin|date=13 September 2011|page=44}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|id={{ProQuest|900645080}}|last1=Monteverde|first1=Marco|title=Former refugee edges closer to dream debut|newspaper=The Courier-Mail|date=28 October 2011|page=112}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|id={{ProQuest|923554276}}|title=SOC:Gold Coast slogan 'in support of refugees'|newspaper=AAP Sports News Wire|date=27 February 2012}}</ref>
== Golle kippu ==
Ñalnde 26 ut 2011 o siifondirii e fedde A-League wiyeteende Gold Coast United ummoraade e fedde FFSA wiyeteende Western Strikers. Ñalnde 30 noowammbar 2011 o waɗii kawgel makko gadanel e nder kawgel ngel o waɗdunoo e Newcastle Jets.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131220221706/http://au.fourfourtwo.com/news/213037%2Cgold-coast-sign-refugee-pair.aspx {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005142626/http://au.fourfourtwo.com/news/213037%2Cgold-coast-sign-refugee-pair.aspx|date=5 October 2012}} Gold Coast Sign Refugee Pair</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.footballaustralia.com.au/aleague/matchcentre/Gold-Coast-United-FC-v-Newcastle-Jets-FC-Hyundai-A-League/2105|title=Official A-League Match centre|website=www.footballaustralia.com.au|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018233533/http://www.footballaustralia.com.au/aleague/matchcentre/Gold-Coast-United-FC-v-Newcastle-Jets-FC-Hyundai-A-League/2105|archive-date=2011-10-18}}</ref>
== Golle hakkunde leyɗeele ==
Yosief fiyi e kawgel CECAFA 2009 to Keñiya, o feeñi e kawgel ngel ɓe keɓi e Tansani 4-0..<ref name="aa-tanzania">{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200912081062.html|title=Tanzania Hit Eritrea for Four to Reach Semis|last=Kitula|first=Sammy|date=8 December 2009|publisher=allafrica.com|accessdate=18 December 2009}}</ref>
== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==
Nde o tawtoraa kawgel CECAFA 2009 to leydi Keñiya o jeyaa ko e kippu ngenndiijo fuku koyɗe leydi Eritree mo waawaano hootde galle mum caggal nde o tawtoraa kawgel diiwaan to Nairobi. Caggal nde ɓe keɓi seedantaagal mooliiɓe e juuɗe laamu Ostarali, kippu nguu ummiima to wuro wiyeteengo Adelaide, to leydi Ostarali. Jooni noon omo gollina to Holmwood<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/2009/SPORT/football/12/15/football.cecafa.eritrea.kenya/index.html CNN] 12 Eritrean soccer players sought in Kenya</ref> <ref>http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/sport/out-of-africa-its-a-whole-new-ball-game/story-e6frecj3-1226036645661 Out of Africa, it's a whole new ball game</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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Adam Davis (umpire)
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'''Adam Davis''' ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo diɗɗal fuku koyɗe leydi Ostarali e nder fedde fuku koyɗe leydi Ostarali. O waɗii umpire 39 pottital e nder nguurndam makko e nder AFL e timminde yontere 1re e kawgel finaal ngam hitaande 2006 AFL.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090207064850/http://aflua.com.au/index.asp?d=5A4C5A717251477C7008060A010502 AFLUA Statistics] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207064850/http://aflua.com.au/index.asp?d=5A4C5A717251477C7008060A010502|date=2009-02-07}}, accessed on 18 September 2006</ref>
Davis heɓi njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e hitaande 2003 ngam fedde ñaawooɓe AFL Queensland.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060819072515/http://qfl.aflq.com.au/default.aspx?s=historydisplay&aid=99399 List of AFLQUA 2003 awards] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819072515/http://qfl.aflq.com.au/default.aspx?s=historydisplay&aid=99399|date=August 19, 2006}} - accessed on 18 September 2006</ref>
Fulɓe njeertinaama e dow laabi ngam haɓde e arbiteruuji caggal nde kapiteen Lions biyeteeɗo Michael Voss werlii kapiteen Carlton Anthony Koutoufides e nder Davis e nder sahaa AFL 2005. Ɗum umminii jeewte juutɗe ko fayti e ndeenka arbiteeji e nder AFL.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060508224204/http://www.theage.com.au/realfooty/news/AFL/Players-warned-about-ump-bumps/2005/06/13/1118645750023.html Players warned about ump bumps] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060508224204/http://www.theage.com.au/realfooty/news/AFL/Players-warned-about-ump-bumps/2005/06/13/1118645750023.html|date=May 8, 2006}}, theage.com.au - 14 June 2005. Retrieved on 18 September 2006.</ref>
== Teskorɗe les ==
d9guskwr995r10rukvyxbwfn3d41bmr
Brian Gorman
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'''Brian Scott Gorman''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 11 lewru juko hitaande 1959) ko Ameriknaajo gonnooɗo gardiiɗo kawgel fuku koyɗe. Caggal nde o golliima e Ligue Nationale tuggi 1991 haa 1999, o wonii arbiter e nder ligues ɗiɗi ɗee kala tuggi 2000-2021. Gorman toɗɗaa ko e hooreejo ekipaaji e hitaande 2010. Ko o ɓiy Tom Gorman, gonnooɗo umpire NL tuggi 1951 haa 1977. O ɓoornii ko uniforme limoore 9 e nder nguurndam makko fof.<ref>O'Connell, Jack. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161008184709/http://m.mlb.com/news/article/3560281// "Umpire Gorman to make Shea history"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008184709/http://m.mlb.com/news/article/3560281//|date=2016-10-08}}, [[Major League Baseball]]. Accessed July 9, 2016. "Home for the Gormans was the Whitestone section of Queens, just north of Shea, until the family moved to Closter, N.J., in the mid-1960s."</ref>
O jibinaa ko to wuro wiyeteengo Whitestone, to leydi Queens, o ummii e galle makko gila omo woni cukalel, o fayi to wuro wiyeteengo Closter, to leydi New Jersey.<ref>{{cite web|title=Box Score of Four Home Run Game by Shawn Green|url=http://www.baseball-almanac.com/boxscore/05232002.shtml|publisher=Baseball Almanac|access-date=8 May 2012}}</ref>
Caggal nde o heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Delaware, o fuɗɗii waɗde umpire e nder ligues mineure e hitaande 1982, haa o yottii Fedde Ameriknaare hade makko yahde NL. O ardii e kawgel winnderewal tati (2004, 2009, 2012) e kawgel ɗiɗi (1998 e 2009). kadi o ardiima e kawgel ngel 2014, e kawgel ngel e nder kawgel ngel, jeeɗiɗi (2002, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2016, 2018), e nder kawgel diɗɗal 10 (1997, 1999, 2014,2020 . 2006 e 2009 e 2011 e 2012).<ref>{{cite web|title=Brian Gorman Announces Retirement Prior to Final Game|website=Close Call Sports & Umpire Ejection Fantasy League|date=2021-10-01|url=https://www.closecallsports.com/2021/10/brian-gorman-announces-retirement-prior.html|ref={{sfnref|Close Call Sports & Umpire Ejection Fantasy League|2021}}|access-date=2026-03-21}}</ref>
E nder pottital tataɓal ALDS 2012, Gorman wonnoo ko gardiiɗo ñaawirdu (arbiter) nde Raúl Ibañez fiyi dogdu ngam haɓde e pottital ngal, ngam haɓde e pottital ngal, ngam fiyde Yankees e Baltimore Orioles. Yankees maa heɓ ALDS e nder pottitte 5.
Ñalnde 23 mee 2002, Gorman woniino gardiiɗo ñaawirdu (arbiter) e nder pottital Shawn Green, ngal 4 homer.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Baseball Classic Ejections: Brian Gorman (1 - 8)|url=http://www.closecallsports.com/2013/03/world-baseball-classic-ejections-brian.html|publisher=CloseCallSports.com|access-date=March 10, 2013}}</ref>
Gorman wonnoo ko ñaawoowo (arbiter) e kawgel ngel ñalnde 9 marse 2013, hakkunde Kanadaa e Meksik. Caggal nde ɓe mbaɗi luural hakkunde jooɗorɗe e nder balɗe 9, Gorman yaltinii eɓɓooje jeetati, ko ɗum woni limre baseball e nder kippu ngenndiijo.
O woppi golle baseball ko e darorɗe hitaande 2021.
== Ƴeew kadi ==
Portal nguurndam
== ikon Portal beisbol ==
Doggol arbitooɓe baseball Ligue des Champions (ko laaɓti)
== Tuugnorgal ==
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Rafael Kadyrov
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Rafael Razimovich Kadyrov (e ɗemngal Riisi: Рафаэль Разимович Кадыров ; 4 abriil 1969 – 19 lewru Yarkomaa 2017) ko ñaawoowo hockey dow geec leydi Riisi.
Mawɗo Ñaawirde Toownde Hockey Riisi gila e hitaande 1998/99. Ñalnde 8 suwee 2016, Kadyrov waɗii pottital mum 700ɓal e nder kawgel fuku leydi Riisi, o woni arbiter ɗiɗaɓo hockey, keɓɗo ndeeɗoo njeñtudi. E nder pottitte KHL golliima gila e base ligue.
Rafael Kadyrov golliima e hitaande 2016, kawgel winndere mawɓe ɗiɗi, kawgel winndere sukaaɓe e sukaaɓe jeegom.
E lewru oktoobar 2016, Kadyrov heɓi — ɓuuɓri ngaandi — astrocytoma degere tataɓere. O sankii ko e lewru Yarkomaa 2017 .
O anndiraama laabi keewɗi wonde gooto e ardiiɓe hockey ɓurɓe waawde e nder leydi Riisi.
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Rafael Razimovich Kadyrov (e ɗemngal Riisi: Рафаэль Разимович Кадыров ; 4 abriil 1969 – 19 lewru Yarkomaa 2017) ko ñaawoowo hockey dow geec leydi Riisi.
Mawɗo Ñaawirde Toownde Hockey Riisi gila e hitaande 1998/99. Ñalnde 8 suwee 2016, Kadyrov waɗii pottital mum 700ɓal e nder kawgel fuku leydi Riisi, o woni arbiter ɗiɗaɓo hockey, keɓɗo ndeeɗoo njeñtudi. E nder pottitte KHL golliima gila e base ligue.
Rafael Kadyrov golliima e hitaande 2016, kawgel winndere mawɓe ɗiɗi, kawgel winndere sukaaɓe e sukaaɓe jeegom.
E lewru oktoobar 2016, Kadyrov heɓi — ɓuuɓri ngaandi — astrocytoma degere tataɓere. O sankii ko e lewru Yarkomaa 2017 .
O anndiraama laabi keewɗi wonde gooto e ardiiɓe hockey ɓurɓe waawde e nder leydi Riisi.
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'''Rafael Razimovich Kadyrov''' (e ɗemngal Riisi: Рафаэль Разимович Кадыров ; 4 abriil 1969 – 19 lewru Yarkomaa 2017) ko ñaawoowo hockey dow geec leydi Riisi.
Mawɗo Ñaawirde Toownde Hockey Riisi gila e hitaande 1998/99. Ñalnde 8 suwee 2016, Kadyrov waɗii pottital mum 700ɓal e nder kawgel fuku leydi Riisi, o woni arbiter ɗiɗaɓo hockey, keɓɗo ndeeɗoo njeñtudi. E nder pottitte KHL golliima gila e base ligue.
Rafael Kadyrov golliima e hitaande 2016, kawgel winndere mawɓe ɗiɗi, kawgel winndere sukaaɓe e sukaaɓe jeegom.
E lewru oktoobar 2016, Kadyrov heɓi — ɓuuɓri ngaandi — astrocytoma degere tataɓere. O sankii ko e lewru Yarkomaa 2017 .
O anndiraama laabi keewɗi wonde gooto e ardiiɓe hockey ɓurɓe waawde e nder leydi Riisi.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Rafael Razimovich Kadyrov''' (e ɗemngal Riisi: Рафаэль Разимович Кадыров ; 4 abriil 1969 – 19 lewru Yarkomaa 2017) ko ñaawoowo hockey dow geec leydi Riisi.<ref>[http://izvestia.ru/news/658905 Судья КХЛ Рафаэль Кадыров ушел из жизни в возрасте 47 лет]</ref><ref>[http://www.interfax.ru/sport/546205 Скончался хоккейный арбитр Рафаэль Кадыров]</ref>
Mawɗo Ñaawirde Toownde Hockey Riisi gila e hitaande 1998/99. Ñalnde 8 suwee 2016, Kadyrov waɗii pottital mum 700ɓal e nder kawgel fuku leydi Riisi, o woni arbiter ɗiɗaɓo hockey, keɓɗo ndeeɗoo njeñtudi. E nder pottitte KHL golliima gila e base ligue.
Rafael Kadyrov golliima e hitaande 2016, kawgel winndere mawɓe ɗiɗi, kawgel winndere sukaaɓe e sukaaɓe jeegom.
E lewru oktoobar 2016, Kadyrov heɓi — ɓuuɓri ngaandi — astrocytoma degere tataɓere. O sankii ko e lewru Yarkomaa 2017 .
O anndiraama laabi keewɗi wonde gooto e ardiiɓe hockey ɓurɓe waawde e nder leydi Riisi.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Rafael Razimovich Kadyrov''' (e ɗemngal Riisi: Рафаэль Разимович Кадыров ; 4 abriil 1969 – 19 lewru Yarkomaa 2017) ko ñaawoowo hockey dow geec leydi Riisi.<ref>[http://izvestia.ru/news/658905 Судья КХЛ Рафаэль Кадыров ушел из жизни в возрасте 47 лет]</ref><ref>[http://www.interfax.ru/sport/546205 Скончался хоккейный арбитр Рафаэль Кадыров]</ref>
Mawɗo Ñaawirde Toownde Hockey Riisi gila e hitaande 1998/99. Ñalnde 8 suwee 2016, Kadyrov waɗii pottital mum 700ɓal e nder kawgel fuku leydi Riisi, o woni arbiter ɗiɗaɓo hockey, keɓɗo ndeeɗoo njeñtudi. E nder pottitte KHL golliima gila e base ligue.,<ref>[http://ren.tv/novosti/2017-01-20/sudya-khl-rafael-kadyrov-na-48-m-godu-zhizni Судья КХЛ Рафаэль Кадыров скончался на 48-м году жизни]</ref>
Rafael Kadyrov golliima e hitaande 2016, kawgel winndere mawɓe ɗiɗi, kawgel winndere sukaaɓe e sukaaɓe jeegom.
E lewru oktoobar 2016, Kadyrov heɓi — ɓuuɓri ngaandi — astrocytoma degere tataɓere. O sankii ko e lewru Yarkomaa 2017 .
O anndiraama laabi keewɗi wonde gooto e ardiiɓe hockey ɓurɓe waawde e nder leydi Riisi.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Rafael Razimovich Kadyrov''' (e ɗemngal Riisi: Рафаэль Разимович Кадыров ; 4 abriil 1969 – 19 lewru Yarkomaa 2017) ko ñaawoowo hockey dow geec leydi Riisi.<ref>[http://izvestia.ru/news/658905 Судья КХЛ Рафаэль Кадыров ушел из жизни в возрасте 47 лет]</ref><ref>[http://www.interfax.ru/sport/546205 Скончался хоккейный арбитр Рафаэль Кадыров]</ref>
Mawɗo Ñaawirde Toownde Hockey Riisi gila e hitaande 1998/99. Ñalnde 8 suwee 2016, Kadyrov waɗii pottital mum 700ɓal e nder kawgel fuku leydi Riisi, o woni arbiter ɗiɗaɓo hockey, keɓɗo ndeeɗoo njeñtudi. E nder pottitte KHL golliima gila e base ligue.,<ref>[http://ren.tv/novosti/2017-01-20/sudya-khl-rafael-kadyrov-na-48-m-godu-zhizni Судья КХЛ Рафаэль Кадыров скончался на 48-м году жизни]</ref>
Rafael Kadyrov golliima e hitaande 2016, kawgel winndere mawɓe ɗiɗi, kawgel winndere sukaaɓe e sukaaɓe jeegom.<ref>[https://regnum.ru/news/sport/2229160.html Скончался арбитр КХЛ Рафаэль Кадыров]</ref><ref>[https://www.championat.com/hockey/news-2694358-ushjol-iz-zhizni-sudja-rafael-kadyrov.html Ушёл из жизни судья Рафаэль Кадыров]</ref>
E lewru oktoobar 2016, Kadyrov heɓi — ɓuuɓri ngaandi — astrocytoma degere tataɓere. O sankii ko e lewru Yarkomaa 2017 .
O anndiraama laabi keewɗi wonde gooto e ardiiɓe hockey ɓurɓe waawde e nder leydi Riisi.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Rafael Razimovich Kadyrov''' (e ɗemngal Riisi: Рафаэль Разимович Кадыров ; 4 abriil 1969 – 19 lewru Yarkomaa 2017) ko ñaawoowo hockey dow geec leydi Riisi.<ref>[http://izvestia.ru/news/658905 Судья КХЛ Рафаэль Кадыров ушел из жизни в возрасте 47 лет]</ref><ref>[http://www.interfax.ru/sport/546205 Скончался хоккейный арбитр Рафаэль Кадыров]</ref>
Mawɗo Ñaawirde Toownde Hockey Riisi gila e hitaande 1998/99. Ñalnde 8 suwee 2016, Kadyrov waɗii pottital mum 700ɓal e nder kawgel fuku leydi Riisi, o woni arbiter ɗiɗaɓo hockey, keɓɗo ndeeɗoo njeñtudi. E nder pottitte KHL golliima gila e base ligue.,<ref>[http://ren.tv/novosti/2017-01-20/sudya-khl-rafael-kadyrov-na-48-m-godu-zhizni Судья КХЛ Рафаэль Кадыров скончался на 48-м году жизни]</ref>
Rafael Kadyrov golliima e hitaande 2016, kawgel winndere mawɓe ɗiɗi, kawgel winndere sukaaɓe e sukaaɓe jeegom.<ref>[https://regnum.ru/news/sport/2229160.html Скончался арбитр КХЛ Рафаэль Кадыров]</ref><ref>[https://www.championat.com/hockey/news-2694358-ushjol-iz-zhizni-sudja-rafael-kadyrov.html Ушёл из жизни судья Рафаэль Кадыров]</ref>
E lewru oktoobar 2016, Kadyrov heɓi — ɓuuɓri ngaandi — astrocytoma degere tataɓere. O sankii ko e lewru Yarkomaa 2017 .<ref>[https://www.sovsport.ru/hockey/articles/954096-proschaj-rafa-ne-stalo-znamenitogo-hokkejnogo-arbitra Прощай, Рафа. Не стало знаменитого хоккейного арбитра]. [[Sovetsky Sport]]</ref><ref>Иван Орехов. [https://www.gazeta.ru/sport/2017/01/20/a_10485173.shtml Последний свисток Кадырова]. [[Gazeta.ru]]</ref><ref>Иван Пучков. [https://tass.ru/sport/3956978 Вайсфельд: Кадыров был одним из самых авторитетных арбитров КХЛ]. [[ТАСС]]</ref>
O anndiraama laabi keewɗi wonde gooto e ardiiɓe hockey ɓurɓe waawde e nder leydi Riisi.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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Alex Kemp (American football official)
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Alex Kemp ko gardiiɗo fuku koyɗe Ameriknaajo e nder fedde fuku koyɗe ngenndiire (NFL). O ɓoornii ko uniforme limoore 55. O naati e ligue e hitaande 2014 ko o ñaawoowo bannge, o artiraa e arbiter e hitaande 2018 caggal nde Ed Hochuli e Jeff Triplette woppi golle. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Greenville to wuro wiyeteengo Greenville, to leydi Michigan. Ñalnde 2 lewru bowte hitaande 2022, Kemp woniino ñaawoowo e sahaa nde Antonio Brown ummii e dingiral MetLife to New Jersey, haa jooni ko e golle makko fuku koyɗe e nder pottital hakkunde Tampa Bay Buccaneers e New York Jets. E lewru Seeɗto hitaande 2023, Kemp waɗii yeewtere mawnde ngam jaabawol makko e Geno Smith, gardinooɗo Seahawks, taƴɗo mo e noddaango anniya, Kemp jaabii, "Miɗo haalda e Amerik ɗoo."
2024 ekipaaji
Wawru:
R: Aleks Kemp
U: Mayk Morton
DJ: Robeer Riiseson
LJ: Baynes Rusti
FJ: Seŋo Petti
SJ: Lowan Fam
BJ: Skot Helverson
RO: Jeerald Fray
RA: Juli Jonson
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Alex Kemp ko gardiiɗo fuku koyɗe Ameriknaajo e nder fedde fuku koyɗe ngenndiire (NFL). O ɓoornii ko uniforme limoore 55. O naati e ligue e hitaande 2014 ko o ñaawoowo bannge, o artiraa e arbiter e hitaande 2018 caggal nde Ed Hochuli e Jeff Triplette woppi golle. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Greenville to wuro wiyeteengo Greenville, to leydi Michigan. Ñalnde 2 lewru bowte hitaande 2022, Kemp woniino ñaawoowo e sahaa nde Antonio Brown ummii e dingiral MetLife to New Jersey, haa jooni ko e golle makko fuku koyɗe e nder pottital hakkunde Tampa Bay Buccaneers e New York Jets. E lewru Seeɗto hitaande 2023, Kemp waɗii yeewtere mawnde ngam jaabawol makko e Geno Smith, gardinooɗo Seahawks, taƴɗo mo e noddaango anniya, Kemp jaabii, "Miɗo haalda e Amerik ɗoo."
2024 ekipaaji
Wawru:
R: Aleks Kemp
U: Mayk Morton
DJ: Robeer Riiseson
LJ: Baynes Rusti
FJ: Seŋo Petti
SJ: Lowan Fam
BJ: Skot Helverson
RO: Jeerald Fray
RA: Juli Jonson
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'''Alex Kemp''' ko gardiiɗo fuku koyɗe Ameriknaajo e nder fedde fuku koyɗe ngenndiire (NFL). O ɓoornii ko uniforme limoore 55. O naati e ligue e hitaande 2014 ko o ñaawoowo bannge, o artiraa e arbiter e hitaande 2018 caggal nde Ed Hochuli e Jeff Triplette woppi golle. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Greenville to wuro wiyeteengo Greenville, to leydi Michigan. Ñalnde 2 lewru bowte hitaande 2022, Kemp woniino ñaawoowo e sahaa nde Antonio Brown ummii e dingiral MetLife to New Jersey, haa jooni ko e golle makko fuku koyɗe e nder pottital hakkunde Tampa Bay Buccaneers e New York Jets. E lewru Seeɗto hitaande 2023, Kemp waɗii yeewtere mawnde ngam jaabawol makko e Geno Smith, gardinooɗo Seahawks, taƴɗo mo e noddaango anniya, Kemp jaabii, "Miɗo haalda e Amerik ɗoo."
2024 ekipaaji
== Wawru: ==
R: Aleks Kemp
U: Mayk Morton
DJ: Robeer Riiseson
LJ: Baynes Rusti
FJ: Seŋo Petti
SJ: Lowan Fa
BJ: Skot Helverson
RO: Jeerald Fray
RA: Juli Jonson
== Tuugnorgal ==
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2026-06-16T14:15:30Z
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'''Alex Kemp''' ko gardiiɗo fuku koyɗe Ameriknaajo e nder fedde fuku koyɗe ngenndiire (NFL). O ɓoornii ko uniforme limoore 55. O naati e ligue e hitaande 2014 ko o ñaawoowo bannge, o artiraa e arbiter e hitaande 2018 caggal nde Ed Hochuli e Jeff Triplette woppi golle. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Greenville to wuro wiyeteengo Greenville, to leydi Michigan. Ñalnde 2 lewru bowte hitaande 2022, Kemp woniino ñaawoowo e sahaa nde Antonio Brown ummii e dingiral MetLife to New Jersey, haa jooni ko e golle makko fuku koyɗe e nder pottital hakkunde Tampa Bay Buccaneers e New York Jets. E lewru Seeɗto hitaande 2023, Kemp waɗii yeewtere mawnde ngam jaabawol makko e Geno Smith, gardinooɗo Seahawks, taƴɗo mo e noddaango anniya, Kemp jaabii, "Miɗo haalda e Amerik ɗoo."<ref name="FZ">{{Cite web|last=Schultz, Mark|date=March 6, 2018|title=NFL promotes 2 second-generation referees: Shawn Hochuli and Alex Kemp|url=http://www.footballzebras.com/2018/03/06/shawn-hochuli-and-alex-kemp-new-referees-for-2018/|access-date=March 6, 2018|website=Football Zebras}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tampa Bay Buccaneers at New York Jets - January 2nd, 2022|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/202201020nyj.htm|website=Pro Football Reference|publisher=Pro Football Reference|access-date=2025-01-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Paul|first=Tony|title=Referee, CMU product, tells Seahawks QB in Lions game: 'I'm talking to America here'|url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/sports/nfl/lions/2023/09/18/referee-central-michigan-seattle-seahawks-qb-detroit-lions-talking-america/70892410007/|access-date=2024-09-02|website=The Detroit News|language=en-US}}</ref>
2024 ekipaaji
== Wawru: ==
R: Aleks Kemp
U: Mayk Morton
DJ: Robeer Riiseson
LJ: Baynes Rusti
FJ: Seŋo Petti
SJ: Lowan Fa
BJ: Skot Helverson
RO: Jeerald Fray
RA: Juli Jonson
== Tuugnorgal ==
6hqe1l59gfqp3t8bzaamhok6mrqu4a9
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2026-06-16T14:16:47Z
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{{Databox}}
'''Alex Kemp''' ko gardiiɗo fuku koyɗe Ameriknaajo e nder fedde fuku koyɗe ngenndiire (NFL). O ɓoornii ko uniforme limoore 55. O naati e ligue e hitaande 2014 ko o ñaawoowo bannge, o artiraa e arbiter e hitaande 2018 caggal nde Ed Hochuli e Jeff Triplette woppi golle. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Greenville to wuro wiyeteengo Greenville, to leydi Michigan. Ñalnde 2 lewru bowte hitaande 2022, Kemp woniino ñaawoowo e sahaa nde Antonio Brown ummii e dingiral MetLife to New Jersey, haa jooni ko e golle makko fuku koyɗe e nder pottital hakkunde Tampa Bay Buccaneers e New York Jets. E lewru Seeɗto hitaande 2023, Kemp waɗii yeewtere mawnde ngam jaabawol makko e Geno Smith, gardinooɗo Seahawks, taƴɗo mo e noddaango anniya, Kemp jaabii, "Miɗo haalda e Amerik ɗoo."<ref name="FZ">{{Cite web|last=Schultz, Mark|date=March 6, 2018|title=NFL promotes 2 second-generation referees: Shawn Hochuli and Alex Kemp|url=http://www.footballzebras.com/2018/03/06/shawn-hochuli-and-alex-kemp-new-referees-for-2018/|access-date=March 6, 2018|website=Football Zebras}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tampa Bay Buccaneers at New York Jets - January 2nd, 2022|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/202201020nyj.htm|website=Pro Football Reference|publisher=Pro Football Reference|access-date=2025-01-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Paul|first=Tony|title=Referee, CMU product, tells Seahawks QB in Lions game: 'I'm talking to America here'|url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/sports/nfl/lions/2023/09/18/referee-central-michigan-seattle-seahawks-qb-detroit-lions-talking-america/70892410007/|access-date=2024-09-02|website=The Detroit News|language=en-US}}</ref>
2024 ekipaaji<ref>{{Cite web|last=staff|first=Football Zebras|date=2024-05-28|title=Officiating crews for the 2024 season|url=https://www.footballzebras.com/2024/05/officiating-crews-for-the-2024-season/|access-date=2024-10-18|website=Football Zebras|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Wawru: ==
R: Aleks Kemp
U: Mayk Morton
DJ: Robeer Riiseson
LJ: Baynes Rusti
FJ: Seŋo Petti
SJ: Lowan Fa
BJ: Skot Helverson
RO: Jeerald Fray
RA: Juli Jonson
== Tuugnorgal ==
k8cyjl3l96luwiwid1zmq747c6narp2
Albert Kent
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Albert Hilton Ernest "Pud" Kent (4 noowammbar 1877 – 15 oktoobar 1923) ko ƴarotooɗo fuku koyɗe Kanadaa, gardinooɗo fedde Toronto Argonauts tuggi 1901 haa 1903. Ko kanko woni kapiteen kippu oo haa hitaande 1902. Ko kanko kadi woni jolfo, o tawtoraama kadi kawgel worɓe 8 e nder Olimpiyaaji 1912.
Tuugnorgal
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Albert Hilton Ernest "Pud" Kent (4 noowammbar 1877 – 15 oktoobar 1923) ko ƴarotooɗo fuku koyɗe Kanadaa, gardinooɗo fedde Toronto Argonauts tuggi 1901 haa 1903. Ko kanko woni kapiteen kippu oo haa hitaande 1902. Ko kanko kadi woni jolfo, o tawtoraama kadi kawgel worɓe 8 e nder Olimpiyaaji 1912.
{{Databox}}Tuugnorgal
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{{Databox}}Albert Hilton Ernest "Pud" Kent (4 noowammbar 1877 – 15 oktoobar 1923) ko ƴarotooɗo fuku koyɗe Kanadaa, gardinooɗo fedde Toronto Argonauts tuggi 1901 haa 1903. Ko kanko woni kapiteen kippu oo haa hitaande 1902. Ko kanko kadi woni jolfo, o tawtoraama kadi kawgel worɓe 8 e nder Olimpiyaaji 1912.
{{Databox}}Tuugnorgal
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{{Databox}}'''Albert Hilton Ernest "Pud" Kent''' (4 noowammbar 1877 – 15 oktoobar 1923) ko ƴarotooɗo fuku koyɗe Kanadaa, gardinooɗo fedde Toronto Argonauts tuggi 1901 haa 1903. Ko kanko woni kapiteen kippu oo haa hitaande 1902. Ko kanko kadi woni jolfo, o tawtoraama kadi kawgel worɓe 8 e nder Olimpiyaaji 1912.
{{Databox}}
== Tuugnorgal ==
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{{Databox}}'''Albert Hilton Ernest "Pud" Kent''' (4 noowammbar 1877 – 15 oktoobar 1923) ko ƴarotooɗo fuku koyɗe Kanadaa, gardinooɗo fedde Toronto Argonauts tuggi 1901 haa 1903. Ko kanko woni kapiteen kippu oo haa hitaande 1902. Ko kanko kadi woni jolfo, o tawtoraama kadi kawgel worɓe 8 e nder Olimpiyaaji 1912.<ref>{{Cite news|date=16 October 1923|title=Clipped From The Gazette|pages=10|work=The Gazette|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/73228890/the-gazette/|access-date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=15 October 1914|title=Clipped From The Ottawa Citizen|pages=8|work=The Ottawa Citizen|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/73230138/the-ottawa-citizen/|access-date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 December 1902|title=Clipped From The Ottawa Journal|pages=10|work=The Ottawa Journal|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/73230569/the-ottawa-journal/|access-date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=7 June 1911|title=Clipped From The Ottawa Citizen|pages=8|work=The Ottawa Citizen|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/73229319/the-ottawa-citizen/|access-date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=21 August 1911|title=Clipped From The Ottawa Journal|pages=4|work=The Ottawa Journal|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/73229846/the-ottawa-journal/|access-date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=22 November 1911|title=Clipped From The Province|pages=11|work=The Province|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/73231259/the-province/|access-date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 June 1911|title=Clipped From The Ottawa Citizen|pages=8|work=The Ottawa Citizen|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/73231663/the-ottawa-citizen/|access-date=11 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="SportsRef">{{cite Sports-Reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ke/albert-kent-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418080853/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ke/albert-kent-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 April 2020|title=Albert Kent|access-date=24 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/36176|title=Albert Kent|work=Olympedia|access-date=29 May 2021}}</ref>
{{Databox}}
== Tuugnorgal ==
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Paul King (American football official)
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Paul King ko gardiiɗo fuku koyɗe Ameriknaajo e nder Ligue Nationale de Football (NFL) gila e sahaa NFL 2009, omo ɓoornii uniforme limoore 121. Ko kanko woni umpire e nder ekipaaji ardiiɓe Land Clark ngam sahaa NFL 2020. Yaasi golle makko NFL, ko o jannginoowo hiisawal to duɗal hakkundeewal to duɗal hakkundeewal fuɗnaange Worcester to Worcester Massachusetts.
Tuugnorgal
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2026-06-16T14:33:01Z
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Paul King ko gardiiɗo fuku koyɗe Ameriknaajo e nder Ligue Nationale de Football (NFL) gila e sahaa NFL 2009, omo ɓoornii uniforme limoore 121. Ko kanko woni umpire e nder ekipaaji ardiiɓe Land Clark ngam sahaa NFL 2020. Yaasi golle makko NFL, ko o jannginoowo hiisawal to duɗal hakkundeewal to duɗal hakkundeewal fuɗnaange Worcester to Worcester Massachusetts.
Tuugnorgal
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'''Paul King''' ko gardiiɗo fuku koyɗe Ameriknaajo e nder Ligue Nationale de Football (NFL) gila e sahaa NFL 2009, omo ɓoornii uniforme limoore 121. Ko kanko woni umpire e nder ekipaaji ardiiɓe Land Clark ngam sahaa NFL 2020. Yaasi golle makko NFL, ko o jannginoowo hiisawal to duɗal hakkundeewal to duɗal hakkundeewal fuɗnaange Worcester to Worcester Massachusetts.
== Tuugnorgal ==
4ogyclykxocv0477ukd90vlhku5asd8
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{{Databox}}
'''Paul King''' ko gardiiɗo fuku koyɗe Ameriknaajo e nder Ligue Nationale de Football (NFL) gila e sahaa NFL 2009, omo ɓoornii uniforme limoore 121. Ko kanko woni umpire e nder ekipaaji ardiiɓe Land Clark ngam sahaa NFL 2020. Yaasi golle makko NFL, ko o jannginoowo hiisawal to duɗal hakkundeewal to duɗal hakkundeewal fuɗnaange Worcester to Worcester Massachusetts.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Filipe|first=Cameron|date=2020-06-03|title=Officiating crews for the 2020 season|url=https://www.footballzebras.com/2020/06/officiating-crews-for-the-2020-season/|access-date=2024-02-17|website=Football Zebras|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
lpjdf0hj4owytftwilhpefm5p2pntlv
Barke fat
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D son203
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Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338988491|Fatbeard]]"
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" '''Fatbeard''' " ko yeewtere jeeɗiɗaɓere e nder yontere sappo e tatiire teleeji Amerik biyeteeɗi ''South Park'' . Ko ngol woni go’o ko ngol woni go’o ko ngol woni go’o ko 188ɓol e nder yeewtere ndee, ngol fuɗɗii yaltude ko e Comedy Central to Amerik ñalnde 22 abriil 2009. Ko ngol woni go’o ko ngol woni go’o ko ngol woni go’o ko ngol woni go’o ko ngol woni go’o ko ngol woni go’o ko ''ngol'' woni go’o ko ngol woni go’o e nder lebbi jeegom. E nder yeewtere ndee, Cartman firti ko fenaande kabaruuji ko faati e njulaagu e nder geec Indiya to bannge worgo [[Somaaliya|Somali]] ngam firtude gartugol jamaanu ɓooyɗo njulaagu swashbuckling, e majjude juuɗe sukaaɓe South Park ngam yahde [[Mogadishu]] ngam fuɗɗoraade fedde njulaagu.
Episode oo winndi e ardii ɗum ko Trey Parker, coftuɗo serie o, o toɗɗaa TV-MA L to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ngam ɗemngal tiiɗngal haa ɓurngal toowde. "Fatbeard" ko firo ɓeydugol hakkillaaji jaayɗe winndere ndee e njulaagu e nder geec Inndo, binndol ngol ina hollita njulaagu nguu e mbaydi yurmeende. Ko yimɓe laana ndiwoowa USS Bainbridge, laana ndiwoowa misilaaji njiylotooɗi Arleigh Burke , tawtoraaɗo hisnude laana ndiwoowa MV Maersk Alabama, jokkondirii e tafooɓe ''South Park'' ngam yettude ɗum en e episod oo. "Fatbeard" heɓiino ƴeewte moƴƴe no feewi, yiytaa ko e 2,59 miliyoŋ galle e nder jaaynde mum adannde, ɗum waɗi ɗum ko peewnugol Comedy Central ɓurngol yiyeede e yontere nde yalti ndee.
== Ngeesa ==
Nde o faamaani kabaruuji ko faati e ƴellitaare njiyaagu e nder geec Indiya, Cartman ina weltii e haalande sehilaaɓe mum wonde yonta njiyaagu kiiɗɗo oo artii, o naamndii sukaaɓe ɓee nde mbaɗtata hakkillaaji makko e wontude njiyaagu e ko o sifotoo ko nguurndam ɗam alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa kuugal e nder aljanna ɓuuɓɗo . Senngo fartaŋŋe ittude Cartman laawol gootol, Kyle hirjinii mo yo o yah, haa arti noon e rokkude mo ballal yoɓde tikket makko laana ndiwoowa . Hay so tawii ko Butters, Ike, Clyde e Kevin tan ngoni almudɓe jaɓɓe naatde e fedde makko (e sara Gordon, mo Cartman riiwti sabu wonde ginger ), Cartman mo hulaani huutortoo ko kaayitaaji yumma mum ngam defde yah-ngartaa to [[Somaaliya|Somali]] rewrude e Expedia . Caggal nde diwgol juutngol ummoraade e Aeroport International Denver fayde Kayhayɗi e yahdu otooji waktuuji 49 e nder [[Afrik]], sukaaɓe ɓee ngari [[Mogadishu]] ina ɓoornii wutteeji ɓuuɓɗi. Kono so ɓe njottiima toon, ɓe mbeltiima no feewi, ɓe njiyti koye maɓɓe e leydi ndi alaa ko woni e mum, ko luutndii ko ɓe cikkatnoo koo fof.
Ɓe njaawnaaki yiytude wuyɓe ɓee, ɓe mbeltiima no feewi nde tawnoo hay gooto ina anndi ina waawi naatde e base maɓɓe. Pirateeji ɗii pelliti yoɓde sukaaɓe ɓee e laana [[Yuroopu|Orop]] gadana ka ɓe njiyti, hay so tawii noon Cartman e sukaaɓe ɓee paamataa sabu pirateeji ɗii ina kaala ɗemngal Somali . Sukaaɓe ɓee ina njahda e maɓɓe e hoolaare, ina cikka ko kamɓe njahrata e laana ndiwoowa, kono ɓe mbeltiima kadi nde ɓe njahrata e laana ndiwoowa tokoosa . Haa jooni, wuyɓe ɓee njiyti laana ndiwoowa [[Farayse]], ɗaɓɓi njoɓdi ujunnaaje joy oroo ngam yoɓde nguurndam sukaaɓe ɓee. E nder ɗuum to South Park, Kyle ina weltii e wiyde ina heɓa feccere e neldude Cartman to Somali, ina ɗaminii wonde geɗe ɗee maa moƴƴu so Cartman alaa e sara mum. Kono nde jibnaaɓe makko njiyti ɓataake salminaango ummoraade e Ike, Kyle anndi miñiiko dogi e Cartman fayde Somali, o ummii o fayi Mogadishu ngam addude miñiiko galle. Nde ngartu Somali, njoɓdi yoɓaama, sukaaɓe ɓee ndokkaama. Kono, nde Cartman naati e laana kaa, o ƴetti laana kaa, o yamiri yo yimɓe ɓee naata e laana ndiwoowa ka . Hay so tawii kapiteen oo saliima e fuɗɗoode, Kevin ina ƴetta lightsaber toyre, ina hulɓina gollotooɓe Farayse ɓee haa ɓe ngoppa laana kaa. Cartman e sukaaɓe ɓee ngarti Mogadishu e laana nanngaa ka, ndokki jom en jawɗeele en ɓee mbuuɗu keewngu. Pirateeji ɗii ina mbeltii e fuɗɗoode, kono puɗɗiima hormaade Cartman. Nde tawnoo ŋakkeende sifaaji "pirate" maɓɓe ina mettini heen, kanko ne o ardii ɓe e nder laanaaji diwooje rewrude e laanaaji diwooje gaadanteeji biyeteeɗi "Somalian Pirates, We", o fuɗɗoo faccirde ɗum en e laanaaji pirateeji stereotypique.
E nder ɗuum, laana ndiwoowa Farayse ina hisna ɗum, e laana ndiwoowa Amerik ina ndartinee e OTAN e [[Ngenndiije Dentuɗe|Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe]] caggal nde keɓi konngol e kapiteen laana njoorndi wonde jooni ko pirateeji ɗii njogii « kaɓirɗe jahruɗe yeeso » (ko goonga tan ko kaɓirɗe Kevin toyre lightsaber tigi-rigi hay so tawii noon ko laana ndiwoowa Farayse). Kyle arii Mogadishu kono ɗoon e ɗoon wuyɓe ɓee nanngi mo, nanngaa mo. O ñaagii Cartman nde o woppata kanko e miñiiko, kono Cartman salii, o sikki tan ko Kyle ina ƴattoo nguurndam makko kesam pirat. E oon sahaa, pirat gooto kaaloowo Engele ina wiyee Guleed naamndii Butters e Ike hol ko waɗi ɓe pelliti wonde pirat. So ɓe mbiyi ɓe njaltii sabu ɓe mbeltiima e geɗe bayɗe no duɗal, golle, golle galle, e wullude mawɓe, Guleed jaabtoo ɓe, o wiyi ɓe wonde o ''yiɗaa'' wonde pirat, kadi o wonti tan ko gooto sabu ko o miskiino no feewi : o hoyɗiino yahde duɗal, yumma makko ina wondi e rafi SIDA, o waawaano wonde nyaamdu ngam ɓesngu makko. Butters e Ike ina njokki e faamde no ɓe ngoniri e hakkillaaji ɓadtiiɗi e weltaare e wonde nguurndam piraasi ko nguurndam caɗeele e caɗeele wonaa weltaare e adventure no nguurndam no nguurndam gaadoraaɗam waawi wonde nii. Ndeen ɓe mbiyi Cartman wonde ɓe njiɗi ko hootde galle, kono o salii woppude majjere makko mawnde, o hulɓini sukaaɓe ɓee maayde, o noddi pirateeji goonga ɗii ngam nanngude ɓe e balɗe. Kono tan, yiytere Cartman ndee ina yaawi ustaade nde laana ndiwoowa Amerik ka OTAN gollini feeñi e daande maayo ina jogii snipers, ina wara denndaangal wuyɓe Somalinaaɓe, tawi komandaajo mum ina wiya ‘woto piy daneeji ɗii ’ e nder leƴƴanɗe seeɗa. Ɗuum ina addana Cartman muumde e mettinde, nde o ƴattoo, "The ''fuck'' ?".
[[File:The_Capture_of_the_Pirate_Blackbeard_1718_by_Jean_Leon_Gerome_Ferris_(retouched).jpg|thumb|Episode oo ina siftina yonta kaŋŋe piraasi ; tiitoonde mayre ko tuugnorgal pirat lolluɗo Blackbeard, holliraaɗo ɗoo.]]
"Fatbeard" ko Trey Parker, coftuɗo filmo oo, winndi ɗum, ardii ɗum. Nde fuɗɗii yaltude ko e Comedy Central to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ñalnde 22 abriil 2009, nde wonnoo ko nde cakkitiinde e nder dumunna cakkitiiɗo, nde woni ko e yeewtere sakkitiinde e ''nder South Park'' haa e lewru oktoobar 2009. "Fatbeard" tuugnii ko e piraasiyoŋ goonga e nder geec Indiya, nde fuɗɗii heɓde ɓeydagol e nder jaayɗe hakkunde leyɗeele haa e hitaande 2009 2012/2013.
Episode oo fuɗɗii peewnugol jonte ɗiɗi ko adii ñalngu mum, e anniya yaltinde ɗum ñalnde 15 abriil 2009. Goomu winndooɓe ɓee ƴettiino miijo ngam Cartman ƴattaade pirat Somali e pirat classique e nder njulaagu pirat MV ''Maersk Alabama'' e oon sahaa. Kapiteen Richard Phillips nanngaa e nder hiirde ndee, Parker e Stone pelliti waɗde hiirde ndee haa abada, hay so tawii noon animaasiyoŋ fuɗɗiima. <ref name="Parker" /> E faamde tiiɗnaare ngonka kaa — so tawii Phillips waraama, tee episod ''South Park'' wayi ko no ƴattooje ngonka kaa nii — ɓe pelliti fuɗɗoraade golle e episod " Pinewood Derby ", mo ɓe ngonnoo e peewnugol ko juuti, nde tawnoo tafooɓe ɓee ngalaano miijo hol to ɓe njahrata e daartol maggol. Nde Phillips hisnaa e yontere ɓennunde ndee, ɓe njiɗnoo ko fuɗɗaade golle e "Fatbeard", kono nde tawnoo golle animation e episod oo ina caɗti, ina heen setuuji kesi kollitooji Somali, ɓe pelliti wonde ɗum waɗataa. <ref name="Parker" />
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Wendell Paul Alexis''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 31 sulyee 1964) ko Ameriknaajo gonnooɗo ƴaañoowo basket, ƴaañoowo e kippuuji Orop keewɗi, hakkunde 1986 e 2004, teeŋti noon e ALBA Berlin, ɗo o suɓaa MVP e kippuuji Bundesliga Almaañ laabi nay, e nder duuɓi makko 6. E hitaande 2018, o naati e doggol 101 mawɓe basket Orop.
== Duɗal hakkundeewal ==
Alexis janngii e fijirde basket to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde diiwaan Almasiihu, to wuro hakkundeejo, Queens, New York .
== Golle kolees ==
Alexis fiyi basket kolees e nder Syracuse Orangemen, tuggi 1982 haa 1986, o woniino fuɗɗorde e hitaande makko mawnde e dañde teddungal e kawgel fuɗnaange mawngel.
== Golle karallaagal ==
Alexis ko ƴaañaaɗo e fedde wiyeteende Golden State Warriors, ko gooto tan woni ko adii Dražen Petrović garoowo tergal suudu sarɗiiji . Alexis meeɗaa fiyde e Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Basketball (NBA), kono o yahi fiyde Orop haa hitaande 2004. O hoɗi to Espaañ duuɓi ɗiɗi gadani toon, o heɓi Kop Korać e hitaande 1988, e Real Madrid . Tuggi 1988 haa 1993, Alexis ina fijira to Itali, ɗo o yettiima e kawgel ngel e nder leydi ndii e hitaande 1989, tawi omo jeyaa e kippu Enichem Livorno . Caggal nde o arti seeɗa to Forum Valladolid, o arti Israayiil. Ko o jolfo Maccabi Tel Aviv, o dañii njeenaari Ligue des Nations Israayiil . Alexis waɗii hitaande woɗnde to leydi Itali, to Reggio Calabria, hade mum naatde e fedde Farayse wiyeteende Levallois .
Ndeen o ummiima Berlin ngam yahde ALBA, ɗo o woni haa hitaande 2002. Alexis heɓiino njeenaari Ligue des Champions Almaañ kala sahaa toon, kadi o suɓaama MVP kawgel ngel e hitaande 1997, 1998, 2000, e 2002. Haa hannde ko kanko woni ɓurɗo heewde toɓɓe e nder fedde nde, tawi ko kanko ɓuri ] ko fanniyankooɓe ɓee mbiyata ɗum "Iceman". Alexis tawtoraama pijirlooji FIBA EuroStars e hitaande 1997-98 e 1998-99, e nder doggol hirnaange.
Caggal nde o fiyi e fedde Geres wiyeteende PAOK, fotde hitaande wootere, Alexis arti Almaañ, o heɓi njeenaari kawgel fuku Orop (FIBA EuroCup Challenge) e Mitteldeutscher BC .
== Golle kippu ngenndi ==
Alexis kadi woniino gardiiɗo kippu ngenndiijo mawɗo Amerik e kawgel winnderewal FIBA 1998, ɗo kippu USA fiyi tawi hay gooto e fiyooɓe NBA ina woodi, sabu udditgol NBA . O heɓi njeenaari njamndi e kawgel ngel, kadi ko kanko woni ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo waawde heɓde njeenaari e nder kippu nguu.
== Golle coftal ɓalli ==
Caggal nde o joofni golle makko tiiɗɗe e nder fijo basket, Alexis golliima e balloowo coftal ɓalli e nder kippu basket kolees NJIT Highlanders. E lewru suwee 2008, Alexis toɗɗaa ko balloowo coftal ɓalli e nder fedde NBA, hono Austin Toros .
== Tuugnorgal ==
[[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]]
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{{Databox}}
'''Wendell Paul Alexis''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 31 sulyee 1964) ko Ameriknaajo gonnooɗo ƴaañoowo basket, ƴaañoowo e kippuuji Orop keewɗi, hakkunde 1986 e 2004, teeŋti noon e ALBA Berlin, ɗo o suɓaa MVP e kippuuji Bundesliga Almaañ laabi nay, e nder duuɓi makko 6. E hitaande 2018, o naati e doggol 101 mawɓe basket Orop.
== Duɗal hakkundeewal ==
Alexis janngii e fijirde basket to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde diiwaan Almasiihu, to wuro hakkundeejo, Queens, New York .
== Golle kolees ==
Alexis fiyi basket kolees e nder Syracuse Orangemen, tuggi 1982 haa 1986, o woniino fuɗɗorde e hitaande makko mawnde e dañde teddungal e kawgel fuɗnaange mawngel.
== Golle karallaagal ==
Alexis ko ƴaañaaɗo e fedde wiyeteende Golden State Warriors, ko gooto tan woni ko adii Dražen Petrović garoowo tergal suudu sarɗiiji . Alexis meeɗaa fiyde e Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Basketball (NBA), kono o yahi fiyde Orop haa hitaande 2004. O hoɗi to Espaañ duuɓi ɗiɗi gadani toon, o heɓi Kop Korać e hitaande 1988, e Real Madrid . Tuggi 1988 haa 1993, Alexis ina fijira to Itali, ɗo o yettiima e kawgel ngel e nder leydi ndii e hitaande 1989, tawi omo jeyaa e kippu Enichem Livorno . Caggal nde o arti seeɗa to Forum Valladolid, o arti Israayiil. Ko o jolfo Maccabi Tel Aviv, o dañii njeenaari Ligue des Nations Israayiil . Alexis waɗii hitaande woɗnde to leydi Itali, to Reggio Calabria, hade mum naatde e fedde Farayse wiyeteende Levallois .
Ndeen o ummiima Berlin ngam yahde ALBA, ɗo o woni haa hitaande 2002. Alexis heɓiino njeenaari Ligue des Champions Almaañ kala sahaa toon, kadi o suɓaama MVP kawgel ngel e hitaande 1997, 1998, 2000, e 2002. Haa hannde ko kanko woni ɓurɗo heewde toɓɓe e nder fedde nde, tawi ko kanko ɓuri ] ko fanniyankooɓe ɓee mbiyata ɗum "Iceman". Alexis tawtoraama pijirlooji FIBA EuroStars e hitaande 1997-98 e 1998-99, e nder doggol hirnaange.
Caggal nde o fiyi e fedde Geres wiyeteende PAOK, fotde hitaande wootere, Alexis arti Almaañ, o heɓi njeenaari kawgel fuku Orop (FIBA EuroCup Challenge) e Mitteldeutscher BC .
== Golle kippu ngenndi ==
Alexis kadi woniino gardiiɗo kippu ngenndiijo mawɗo Amerik e kawgel winnderewal FIBA 1998, ɗo kippu USA fiyi tawi hay gooto e fiyooɓe NBA ina woodi, sabu udditgol NBA . O heɓi njeenaari njamndi e kawgel ngel, kadi ko kanko woni ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo waawde heɓde njeenaari e nder kippu nguu.
== Golle coftal ɓalli ==
Caggal nde o joofni golle makko tiiɗɗe e nder fijo basket, Alexis golliima e balloowo coftal ɓalli e nder kippu basket kolees NJIT Highlanders. E lewru suwee 2008, Alexis toɗɗaa ko balloowo coftal ɓalli e nder fedde NBA, hono Austin Toros .
== Tuugnorgal ==
[[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]]
kxpeis7zebm848mievhtmczgtnog777
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'''Wendell Paul Alexis''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 31 sulyee 1964) ko Ameriknaajo gonnooɗo ƴaañoowo basket, ƴaañoowo e kippuuji Orop keewɗi, hakkunde 1986 e 2004, teeŋti noon e ALBA Berlin, ɗo o suɓaa MVP e kippuuji Bundesliga Almaañ laabi nay, e nder duuɓi makko 6. E hitaande 2018, o naati e doggol 101 mawɓe basket Orop.<ref>List of Alba Berlin's leading scorers overall since joining the first German division in 1991". Archived from the original on December 3, 2010. Retrieved July 7, 2008</ref>
== Duɗal hakkundeewal ==
Alexis janngii e fijirde basket to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde diiwaan Almasiihu, to wuro hakkundeejo, Queens, New York .
== Golle kolees ==
Alexis fiyi basket kolees e nder Syracuse Orangemen, tuggi 1982 haa 1986, o woniino fuɗɗorde e hitaande makko mawnde e dañde teddungal e kawgel fuɗnaange mawngel.
== Golle karallaagal ==
Alexis ko ƴaañaaɗo e fedde wiyeteende Golden State Warriors, ko gooto tan woni ko adii Dražen Petrović garoowo tergal suudu sarɗiiji . Alexis meeɗaa fiyde e Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Basketball (NBA), kono o yahi fiyde Orop haa hitaande 2004. O hoɗi to Espaañ duuɓi ɗiɗi gadani toon, o heɓi Kop Korać e hitaande 1988, e Real Madrid . Tuggi 1988 haa 1993, Alexis ina fijira to Itali, ɗo o yettiima e kawgel ngel e nder leydi ndii e hitaande 1989, tawi omo jeyaa e kippu Enichem Livorno . Caggal nde o arti seeɗa to Forum Valladolid, o arti Israayiil. Ko o jolfo Maccabi Tel Aviv, o dañii njeenaari Ligue des Nations Israayiil . Alexis waɗii hitaande woɗnde to leydi Itali, to Reggio Calabria, hade mum naatde e fedde Farayse wiyeteende Levallois .
Ndeen o ummiima Berlin ngam yahde ALBA, ɗo o woni haa hitaande 2002. Alexis heɓiino njeenaari Ligue des Champions Almaañ kala sahaa toon, kadi o suɓaama MVP kawgel ngel e hitaande 1997, 1998, 2000, e 2002. Haa hannde ko kanko woni ɓurɗo heewde toɓɓe e nder fedde nde, tawi ko kanko ɓuri ] ko fanniyankooɓe ɓee mbiyata ɗum "Iceman". Alexis tawtoraama pijirlooji FIBA EuroStars e hitaande 1997-98 e 1998-99, e nder doggol hirnaange.
Caggal nde o fiyi e fedde Geres wiyeteende PAOK, fotde hitaande wootere, Alexis arti Almaañ, o heɓi njeenaari kawgel fuku Orop (FIBA EuroCup Challenge) e Mitteldeutscher BC .
== Golle kippu ngenndi ==
Alexis kadi woniino gardiiɗo kippu ngenndiijo mawɗo Amerik e kawgel winnderewal FIBA 1998, ɗo kippu USA fiyi tawi hay gooto e fiyooɓe NBA ina woodi, sabu udditgol NBA . O heɓi njeenaari njamndi e kawgel ngel, kadi ko kanko woni ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo waawde heɓde njeenaari e nder kippu nguu.
== Golle coftal ɓalli ==
Caggal nde o joofni golle makko tiiɗɗe e nder fijo basket, Alexis golliima e balloowo coftal ɓalli e nder kippu basket kolees NJIT Highlanders. E lewru suwee 2008, Alexis toɗɗaa ko balloowo coftal ɓalli e nder fedde NBA, hono Austin Toros .
== Tuugnorgal ==
[[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]]
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{{Databox}}
'''Wendell Paul Alexis''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 31 sulyee 1964) ko Ameriknaajo gonnooɗo ƴaañoowo basket, ƴaañoowo e kippuuji Orop keewɗi, hakkunde 1986 e 2004, teeŋti noon e ALBA Berlin, ɗo o suɓaa MVP e kippuuji Bundesliga Almaañ laabi nay, e nder duuɓi makko 6. E hitaande 2018, o naati e doggol 101 mawɓe basket Orop.<ref>List of Alba Berlin's leading scorers overall since joining the first German division in 1991". Archived from the original on December 3, 2010. Retrieved July 7, 2008</ref>
== Duɗal hakkundeewal ==
Alexis janngii e fijirde basket to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde diiwaan Almasiihu, to wuro hakkundeejo, Queens, New York .
== Golle kolees ==
Alexis fiyi basket kolees e nder Syracuse Orangemen, tuggi 1982 haa 1986, o woniino fuɗɗorde e hitaande makko mawnde e dañde teddungal e kawgel fuɗnaange mawngel.
== Golle karallaagal ==
Alexis ko ƴaañaaɗo e fedde wiyeteende Golden State Warriors, ko gooto tan woni ko adii Dražen Petrović garoowo tergal suudu sarɗiiji . Alexis meeɗaa fiyde e Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Basketball (NBA), kono o yahi fiyde Orop haa hitaande 2004. O hoɗi to Espaañ duuɓi ɗiɗi gadani toon, o heɓi Kop Korać e hitaande 1988, e Real Madrid . Tuggi 1988 haa 1993, Alexis ina fijira to Itali, ɗo o yettiima e kawgel ngel e nder leydi ndii e hitaande 1989, tawi omo jeyaa e kippu Enichem Livorno . Caggal nde o arti seeɗa to Forum Valladolid, o arti Israayiil. Ko o jolfo Maccabi Tel Aviv, o dañii njeenaari Ligue des Nations Israayiil . Alexis waɗii hitaande woɗnde to leydi Itali, to Reggio Calabria, hade mum naatde e fedde Farayse wiyeteende Levallois .
Ndeen o ummiima Berlin ngam yahde ALBA, ɗo o woni haa hitaande 2002. Alexis heɓiino njeenaari Ligue des Champions Almaañ kala sahaa toon, kadi o suɓaama MVP kawgel ngel e hitaande 1997, 1998, 2000, e 2002. Haa hannde ko kanko woni ɓurɗo heewde toɓɓe e nder fedde nde, tawi ko kanko ɓuri ] ko fanniyankooɓe ɓee mbiyata ɗum "Iceman". Alexis tawtoraama pijirlooji FIBA EuroStars e hitaande 1997-98 e 1998-99, e nder doggol hirnaange.
Caggal nde o fiyi e fedde Geres wiyeteende PAOK, fotde hitaande wootere, Alexis arti Almaañ, o heɓi njeenaari kawgel fuku Orop (FIBA EuroCup Challenge) e Mitteldeutscher BC .
== Golle kippu ngenndi ==
Alexis kadi woniino gardiiɗo kippu ngenndiijo mawɗo Amerik e kawgel winnderewal FIBA 1998, ɗo kippu USA fiyi tawi hay gooto e fiyooɓe NBA ina woodi, sabu udditgol NBA . O heɓi njeenaari njamndi e kawgel ngel, kadi ko kanko woni ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo waawde heɓde njeenaari e nder kippu nguu.
== Golle coftal ɓalli ==
Caggal nde o joofni golle makko tiiɗɗe e nder fijo basket, Alexis golliima e balloowo coftal ɓalli e nder kippu basket kolees NJIT Highlanders. E lewru suwee 2008, Alexis toɗɗaa ko balloowo coftal ɓalli e nder fedde NBA, hono Austin Toros .
== Tuugnorgal ==
[[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]]
spwlp83ailnsh4mk43gyoevr51bgnil
Siyaasa leydi Naajeeriya
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Laamu fedde [[Naajeeriya]] ina waɗi juuɗe tati ceertuɗe : laamu, laamu sarɗiiji, laamu ñaawoore, baawɗe mum en ko doosɗe leydi Naajeeriya ndokki ɗum en e rokki ɗum en . Ina jeyaa e golle doosgal leydi ndii, ko seerndude e ballondiral e doole hakkunde leyɗeele tati ɗee, tawa ina fadi haa laamu nguu waɗta waɗde majjere ɓennunde ndee . Golle goɗɗe doosɗe leydi ndii ina mbaɗi feccere laamu hakkunde laamu nguu e dowlaaji ɗii, e reende ndimaagu ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii .
Politik leydi Naajeeriya ina waɗa e nder njuɓɓudi [[Ndenndaandi|laamu]] fedde e hooreejo leydi e demokaraasi wakilaagu, ɗo hooreejo leydi jogii laamu kuuɓtodinngu. Doole sariyaaji ko laamu fedde ndee e suudu sarɗiiji ɗiɗi ɗii : suudu sarɗiiji e suudu sarɗiiji . Juuɗe hukuumaaji lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari bawɗe waɗugo kiitaaji nden boo ɗon mari bawɗe waɗugo kiitaaji. Suudu ɗiɗaɓuru nduu hawti, woni hukuuma hakkilanki kuuɗe nder leydi Naajeeriya, wi’eteeɗum Asaambele ngenndi, ko kañum woni hukuumaaji pamari ɗin. Assemblée ngenndiire Naajeeriya (NASS) woni kawtal suɓaangal dow demokaraasi, ngal wallitoo nafuuda lesdi Naajeeriya e yimɓe maako, ngal waɗa sariyaaji ngam Naajeeriya, ngal joga laamu Naajeeriya ngam limngal. Asamblee lesdi (NASS) woni suudu sarɗiiji ɓurdundu dow lesdi Naajeeriya, ndi bawɗe maako ngam waɗuki sarɗiiji ɗon limta nder limngal arandewal, limngal nayaɓal nder dookaaji lesdi Naajeeriya 1999. Kuulal 47–49 doosgal leydi 1999 ina hollita, e nder geɗe goɗɗe, wonde « ina woodi Asaambele ngenndi (NASS) wonande fedde nde, tawa ina waɗi cuuɗi ɗiɗi : Senaa e suudu sarɗiiji ». Fedde toppitiinde ko faati e faggudu (Economist Intelligence Unit) ƴettii Naajeeriya ko " laamu hibriid " e hitaande 2019. Laamuuji fedde nde, laamuuji diiwaanuuji, e laamuuji nokkuuji Naajeeriya ina njiɗi gollodaade e ballondiral ngam laamaade ngenndi ndii e yimɓe mum. Naajeeriya wonti tergal e nder Dental Dowlaaji Amerik nde heɓi ndimaagu mum e laamu koloñaal Biritaan ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1960. <ref>"Federal Republic of Nigeria". ''Forum of Federations''. Retrieved 2022-12-21.</ref>
== Siistem sariya ==
Sariya leydi [[Naajeeriya]] tuugii ko e njiimaandi sariya, jeytaare ñaawirdu, e sariyaaji renndo Biritaan (sabu daartol juutngol doole koloñaal Biritaan ). Sariyaaji kuuɓtodinɗi e nder njuɓɓudi sariyaaji ina nanndi e sariyaaji kuuɓtodinɗi kuutorteeɗi to Angalteer e Wales e leyɗeele goɗɗe Commonwealth . Doosɗe leydi Naajeeriya, ko doosɗe leydi Naajeeriya ndokki ɗum .
Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e batte sariyaaji leydi Najeriya ko:
* Sariya Engele, ummorii ko e yontaaji mum koloñaal e Angalteer : Nijeer jeyaa ko e galle common law. Ko ɗum waɗi sariyaaji Engele ina mbaɗi feccere mawnde e sariyaaji leydi Najeriya. Naajeeriya, hay so tawii jooni ko leydi jom doole en, meeɗiino wonde e les njiimaandi Biritaan. Nde ɓe keɓi jeytaare maɓɓe e hitaande 1960, sariyaaji Engele keewɗi ƴettaa, ko ɓuri heewde e sariyaaji ɗii gila ndeen ndartinaama to Angalteer. Naajeeriya kadi ƴetti denndaangal sariyaaji gonɗi e nder leydi Angalteer ñalnde 1 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 1900.
* Sariya kuuɓtodinɗo, sariya ñaawoore ƴellitii gila e jeytaare koloñaal ; sariya kuuɓtodinɗo ina waawi siforeede no oon dental sariyaaji binndaaka tuugiiɗi e doosɗe ñaawoore. Wonande geɗe ɗe keewaani, ɗe ngonaa laaɓtuɗe, ɗe njeñtudi ndii waawataa safreede e tuugnaade e sariyaaji jooni ɗii walla e kuule binndaaɗe, sariyaaji kuuɓtodinɗi ina njiyloo peeje ƴettugol kuule.
* Sariya aadaaji, ummoriiɗo e aadaaji e golle aadaaji Ɓiɓɓe leydi. E nder leydi Najeriya, sariya aadaaji ina waawi fecceede, to bannge sifaa, e nder geɗe ɗiɗi ceertuɗe, woni sariya aadaaji leñol walla ɗi ngonaa juulɓe e sariya juulɓe ( Sharia ). Sariya aadaaji leñol nder Naajeeriya ko Indigenous, nden boo laawol aadaaji ngol ɗon huutiniree e ɗon mari nafuuda dow terɗe lenyol feere-feere. Sariya juulɓe ko sariya diine mo tuugnii tan ko e diine juulɓe, ina huutoroo terɗe diine hono ɗee. E nder ngenndi Naajeeriya, ɗum wonaa sariya ɓiyleydaagu; ko sariya aadaaji keɓtinaaɗi naatnaaɗi e nder leydi hee e nder diine lislaam.
* Sariya sharia, sariya kuutorteeɗo e won e dowlaaji e nder diiwaan worgo. E fannuuji ɗiɗi mawɗi, sariya sharia ina seerti no feewi e sariyaaji hirnaange. Sariya sharia ina jogii mbaadi ɓurndi yaajde, sibu ina rewindii jokkondiral neɗɗo, wonaa tan e hoɗdiiɓe mum e dowla, ko ɗum huunde nde nganndu-ɗaa ko keeri ko ɓuri heewde e doosɗe sariya goɗɗe, kono kadi ko e Alla e ɓernde neɗɗo oo. Golle juulde—hono juulde ñalnde kala ( ''ṣalāt'' ), sadaka ( <nowiki><i id="mwgg">zakāt</i></nowiki> ), koorka ( ''ṣawm'' ), e hijjoore ( hajj ) — ko huunde nde alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa sariya sharia, tee ina heewi jogaade boowe gadane e nder defte sariya. Shari’a ina jokkondiri no feewi e kuule sariya, kollirooje wonaa tan ko neɗɗo foti, walla ko foti waɗde e nder sariya, kono kadi ko neɗɗo foti, e nder ɓernde mum, waɗde, walla woppude waɗde.
=== Sariyaaji ko ƴoogirde sariyaaji leydi Najeriya ===
Fuɗɗoode ɗiɗi gonɗe e sariya leydi Najeriya rewrude e sariyaaji ko:
(1) Kuule parlemaa Angalteer, ɗe yimɓe fof mbiyata ko kuule kuutorteeɗe e nder yontaaji hade jeytaare.
(2) Sariyaaji nokkuuji (ina heen kuule sariyaaji leydi Najeriya gila e jamaanu koloñaal haa hannde). Woodi ƴoogirɗe goɗɗe ɗe, hay so tawii ko ɗe limtaaɗe e nder sariyaaji leydi Najeriya, ɗe ceertii e nder sariyaaji leydi Najeriya. Ɓe mbiyetee ko ''kuule ñaawoore e kuule ñaawoore'' leydi Najeriya.
=== Statuts Naajeeriya bana iwdi sariya Naajeeriya ===
Sariyaaji Naajeeriya ina mbaawi renndineede nii : ''Jamanuuji koloñaal haa 1960, sariyaaji caggal jeytaare 1960–1966, jamaanu konu 1966–1999'' .
=== Sariyaaji ɓaawo jeytaare lesdi 1960-1966 ===
Hokkugo ndimu lesdi Naajeeriya laatake limngal mawngal nder taariiha siyaasa lesdi ndi'i. Ndeeɗoo yonta seediima tiiɗtingol nafooje politik baɗaaɗe e jamaanu koloñaal. Politiyankooɓe ina njuɓɓina lappol mum en e politik. Nde heɓi e hoore mayre darnde republique nde diwti ƴiye cakkitiiɗe laamu koloñaal. Kono, hay so tawii kuule mayre ɗee mbonnaama no feewi, doosɗe leydi ndii ina keddii e njuɓɓudiiji garooji ɗii (militeer en walla ko wonaa ɗum).
=== Laamu konu, 1966-1999 ===
Konu Naajeeriya hoosi laamu Naajeeriya gila 1966-1979 e 1983-1999. Ɓooygol sariyaaji e dewal keɓtinaaɗi e nder yontaaji ƴeewndotooɗi ɗii, tawaaka ko ŋakkeende e nder sariyaaji leydi Najeriya. Golle bonɗe e nder politik ɓanndu e kala fannu nguurndam Naajeeriya mbonnii ƴellitaare e yahrude yeeso. Kuudetaaji jeetati mbaɗnoo ko e kuuɓal ; joy keɓii, tati keɓaani.
== Catal kuuɓtodinngal ==
[[File:Bola_Tinubu_portrait.jpg|left|thumb|Ardiido lesdi Naajeeriya jooni, Bola Tinubu]]
Hooreejo leydi ina suɓee e wooteeji winndereeji ɗi nganndu-ɗaa ko ɓuri heewde e martabaaji ɗi dowla rokkata ɓiyleydaagu mum, tee ina sikkaa ko hakke mo alaa ɗo haaɗi, mo kala ɓiyleydi mawɗo jogii e dow ɓiyleydaagu. E nder demokaraasi ko feere adannde ngam tabitinde laamuuji ina njogii darnde e laamiiɓe. Hooreejo leydi ndii woni hooreejo leydi ndii e laamu nguu fof, kadi ko kañum woni hooreejo kabine leydi Naajeeriya, woni Diisnondiral Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Doosgal leydi ndii ina yamiri kadi darnde hooreejo leydi ndii e nder kuulal 130. Doosgal leydi 1999 ina rokka denndaangal mbaawkaaji kuuɓtodinɗi fedde nde e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndi, tawi noon ko kanko walla cukko hooreejo leydi makko walla terɗe guwarnama makko mbaawi huutoraade ɗum en. Kuulal 5(1)(b) hollitii wonde baawɗe kuuɓtodinɗe hooreejo leydi ina njahdi e kuule doosɗe leydi, golle batu nguu e geɗe ɗe batu nguu jogii mbaawka waɗde sariya haa jooni. Hooreejo leydi ndi suɓaama ngam yi’ugo no doosɗe lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ndarna, nden no sariyaaji ɗin ɗon huutiniree yimɓe. Hooreejo leydi cuɓaaɗo oo kadi ko kañum woni hooreejo doole kisal ngenndi ndii, tee ina waawi jogaade ko ɓuri manndaaji ɗiɗi cuɓaaɗi ɗii, duuɓi nay. <ref name=":13" /> Hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya hannde oo ko [[Bola Tinubu]], o suɓaama e hitaande 2023, cukko hooreejo leydi ndii hannde oo ko [[Kashim Shetima Mustafa|Kashim Shettima]] .
Catal kuuɓtodinngal ngal feccii ko e Ministeeruuji Fedde nde, heen gooto fof ina ardii jaagorde toɗɗaande e hooreejo leydi ndii, Ministeeruuji Fedde nde ko ɗeen departemaaji sarwisaaji laamu mbaɗaama ngam rokkude geɗe keewɗe e nder golle laamu e kala ministeer ina ardii sekereteer duumotooɗo mo yeewtata ko ministeer e nder kabine Fedde nde . Naajeeriya ina jogii ministeeruuji 24 Fedde nde. Hooreejo leydi ina foti waɗde ko famɗi fof tergal gooto e nder kala dowla 36 e nder kabine mum. Toɗɗagol hooreejo leydi ndiin ko Senaa leydi Naajeeriya tabitini ɗum . Won heen, jaagorde fedde ndee ina jogii ko ɓuri jaagorde wootere (yeru, Environnement e Housing ina mbaawi hawreede), walla jaagorde ina waawi wallitde jaagorde dowla gooto walla ko ɓuri ɗum. Kala ministeer ina jogii kadi binndoowo duumotooɗo, woni golloowo laamu mawɗo.
Jaagorgal ngal ina toppitii parastataluuji (sosiyateeji laamu) keewɗi, ko wayi no duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, Komisiyoŋ ngenndiijo toppitiiɗo jaayndeeji, e Sosiyetee ngenndiijo petroŋ leydi Najeriya . Kono won e parastataluuji ko Biro Hooreejo leydi ndii, ko wayi no Komiseer ngenndiijo woote, Komiseer bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis e Komiseer fedde toppitiinde golle siwil .
== Caggal sariyaaji ==
[[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb|Suudu Asamblee Naajeeriya bee mace]]
Ina wiyee wonde suudu sarɗiiji ko kañum woni gadanol e nder juɓɓule tati laamu – suudu sarɗiiji, suudu sarɗiiji, e suudu sarɗiiji. Kuulal ceertugol doole ina sifaa ɗeen juuɗe no gooto fof fotiri wonde ko jeytaare goɗɗo oo. Leydi ndii heɓi mbaawkaaji mum ko e doosɗe leydi 1999 (hono no wayliraa nii) e nder kuulal 4(1) e 4(2). Leydi ndii ina jogii mbaawka waɗde sariyaaji ngam jam, deeƴre e njuɓɓudi moƴƴiri Fedde ndee.
“Kadi nde hokkaama baawɗe wiɗitaaki, baawɗe ceede, baawɗe tabitinki e baawɗe ƴamɗe. Suudu sarɗiiji ko maande demokaraasi nder duuniyaaru fuu. E nder kuugal 4 (1) nder doosɗe leydi Naajeeriya 1999 (no wayliraa) (the "Doosɗe NASSly ve Assemb" of the National Nigeria). baawɗe sariyaaji leydi Naajeeriya Ko ɗum baawɗe waɗde sariyaaji ngam jam, dewal, e laamu moƴƴu e dow kala ko yowitii e doggol sariyaaji keertiiɗi e doggol jojjanɗe aadee – doggol geɗe 12 ɗe NASS e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii fof mbaawi excitely on rewrude e kuule ɗe NASS jaɓi ɗe hooreejo leydi oo jaɓi <ref name="mondaq.com" /> Kuule ɗe ina keewi arde e mbaadiiji ɗiɗi – ko kuule keertiiɗe jowitiiɗe e ɓiɗɓe leydi keertiiɗi, juɓɓule gollorɗe e/walla denndaangal yimɓe walla kuule renndo jowitiiɗe e renndo ngoo fof Kuulal ina waawi naatde e nder NASS respect the chamber of the of government.Asammbele ngenndi Naajeeriya ina jogii suudu diidi : suudu dipiteeji e suudu sarɗiiji ko suudu leslesru e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi Najeriya, ndu ardii ɗum ko hooreejo suudu dipiteeji leydi Najeriya, ko 360 tergal e nder leydi ndi fof woni termeeji goɗɗi ɗii wooteeji joɗnde wootere . Senaa , [[Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)|mo]] 109 tergal ardii ɗum ko hooreejo Senaa .
== Tuugnorgal ==
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Laamu fedde [[Naajeeriya]] ina waɗi juuɗe tati ceertuɗe : laamu, laamu sarɗiiji, laamu ñaawoore, baawɗe mum en ko doosɗe leydi Naajeeriya ndokki ɗum en e rokki ɗum en . Ina jeyaa e golle doosgal leydi ndii, ko seerndude e ballondiral e doole hakkunde leyɗeele tati ɗee, tawa ina fadi haa laamu nguu waɗta waɗde majjere ɓennunde ndee . Golle goɗɗe doosɗe leydi ndii ina mbaɗi feccere laamu hakkunde laamu nguu e dowlaaji ɗii, e reende ndimaagu ɓiɓɓe leydi ndii .
Politik leydi Naajeeriya ina waɗa e nder njuɓɓudi [[Ndenndaandi|laamu]] fedde e hooreejo leydi e demokaraasi wakilaagu, ɗo hooreejo leydi jogii laamu kuuɓtodinngu. Doole sariyaaji ko laamu fedde ndee e suudu sarɗiiji ɗiɗi ɗii : suudu sarɗiiji e suudu sarɗiiji . Juuɗe hukuumaaji lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon mari bawɗe waɗugo kiitaaji nden boo ɗon mari bawɗe waɗugo kiitaaji. Suudu ɗiɗaɓuru nduu hawti, woni hukuuma hakkilanki kuuɗe nder leydi Naajeeriya, wi’eteeɗum Asaambele ngenndi, ko kañum woni hukuumaaji pamari ɗin. Assemblée ngenndiire Naajeeriya (NASS) woni kawtal suɓaangal dow demokaraasi, ngal wallitoo nafuuda lesdi Naajeeriya e yimɓe maako, ngal waɗa sariyaaji ngam Naajeeriya, ngal joga laamu Naajeeriya ngam limngal. Asamblee lesdi (NASS) woni suudu sarɗiiji ɓurdundu dow lesdi Naajeeriya, ndi bawɗe maako ngam waɗuki sarɗiiji ɗon limta nder limngal arandewal, limngal nayaɓal nder dookaaji lesdi Naajeeriya 1999. Kuulal 47–49 doosgal leydi 1999 ina hollita, e nder geɗe goɗɗe, wonde « ina woodi Asaambele ngenndi (NASS) wonande fedde nde, tawa ina waɗi cuuɗi ɗiɗi : Senaa e suudu sarɗiiji ». Fedde toppitiinde ko faati e faggudu (Economist Intelligence Unit) ƴettii Naajeeriya ko " laamu hibriid " e hitaande 2019. Laamuuji fedde nde, laamuuji diiwaanuuji, e laamuuji nokkuuji Naajeeriya ina njiɗi gollodaade e ballondiral ngam laamaade ngenndi ndii e yimɓe mum. Naajeeriya wonti tergal e nder Dental Dowlaaji Amerik nde heɓi ndimaagu mum e laamu koloñaal Biritaan ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1960. <ref>"Federal Republic of Nigeria". ''Forum of Federations''. Retrieved 2022-12-21.</ref>
== Siistem sariya ==
Sariya leydi [[Naajeeriya]] tuugii ko e njiimaandi sariya, jeytaare ñaawirdu, e sariyaaji renndo Biritaan (sabu daartol juutngol doole koloñaal Biritaan ). Sariyaaji kuuɓtodinɗi e nder njuɓɓudi sariyaaji ina nanndi e sariyaaji kuuɓtodinɗi kuutorteeɗi to Angalteer e Wales e leyɗeele goɗɗe Commonwealth . Doosɗe leydi Naajeeriya, ko doosɗe leydi Naajeeriya ndokki ɗum .
Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e batte sariyaaji leydi Najeriya ko:
* Sariya Engele, ummorii ko e yontaaji mum koloñaal e Angalteer : Nijeer jeyaa ko e galle common law. Ko ɗum waɗi sariyaaji Engele ina mbaɗi feccere mawnde e sariyaaji leydi Najeriya. Naajeeriya, hay so tawii jooni ko leydi jom doole en, meeɗiino wonde e les njiimaandi Biritaan. Nde ɓe keɓi jeytaare maɓɓe e hitaande 1960, sariyaaji Engele keewɗi ƴettaa, ko ɓuri heewde e sariyaaji ɗii gila ndeen ndartinaama to Angalteer. Naajeeriya kadi ƴetti denndaangal sariyaaji gonɗi e nder leydi Angalteer ñalnde 1 lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 1900.
* Sariya kuuɓtodinɗo, sariya ñaawoore ƴellitii gila e jeytaare koloñaal ; sariya kuuɓtodinɗo ina waawi siforeede no oon dental sariyaaji binndaaka tuugiiɗi e doosɗe ñaawoore. Wonande geɗe ɗe keewaani, ɗe ngonaa laaɓtuɗe, ɗe njeñtudi ndii waawataa safreede e tuugnaade e sariyaaji jooni ɗii walla e kuule binndaaɗe, sariyaaji kuuɓtodinɗi ina njiyloo peeje ƴettugol kuule.
* Sariya aadaaji, ummoriiɗo e aadaaji e golle aadaaji Ɓiɓɓe leydi. E nder leydi Najeriya, sariya aadaaji ina waawi fecceede, to bannge sifaa, e nder geɗe ɗiɗi ceertuɗe, woni sariya aadaaji leñol walla ɗi ngonaa juulɓe e sariya juulɓe ( Sharia ). Sariya aadaaji leñol nder Naajeeriya ko Indigenous, nden boo laawol aadaaji ngol ɗon huutiniree e ɗon mari nafuuda dow terɗe lenyol feere-feere. Sariya juulɓe ko sariya diine mo tuugnii tan ko e diine juulɓe, ina huutoroo terɗe diine hono ɗee. E nder ngenndi Naajeeriya, ɗum wonaa sariya ɓiyleydaagu; ko sariya aadaaji keɓtinaaɗi naatnaaɗi e nder leydi hee e nder diine lislaam.
* Sariya sharia, sariya kuutorteeɗo e won e dowlaaji e nder diiwaan worgo. E fannuuji ɗiɗi mawɗi, sariya sharia ina seerti no feewi e sariyaaji hirnaange. Sariya sharia ina jogii mbaadi ɓurndi yaajde, sibu ina rewindii jokkondiral neɗɗo, wonaa tan e hoɗdiiɓe mum e dowla, ko ɗum huunde nde nganndu-ɗaa ko keeri ko ɓuri heewde e doosɗe sariya goɗɗe, kono kadi ko e Alla e ɓernde neɗɗo oo. Golle juulde—hono juulde ñalnde kala ( ''ṣalāt'' ), sadaka ( <nowiki><i id="mwgg">zakāt</i></nowiki> ), koorka ( ''ṣawm'' ), e hijjoore ( hajj ) — ko huunde nde alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa sariya sharia, tee ina heewi jogaade boowe gadane e nder defte sariya. Shari’a ina jokkondiri no feewi e kuule sariya, kollirooje wonaa tan ko neɗɗo foti, walla ko foti waɗde e nder sariya, kono kadi ko neɗɗo foti, e nder ɓernde mum, waɗde, walla woppude waɗde.
=== Sariyaaji ko ƴoogirde sariyaaji leydi Najeriya ===
Fuɗɗoode ɗiɗi gonɗe e sariya leydi Najeriya rewrude e sariyaaji ko:
(1) Kuule parlemaa Angalteer, ɗe yimɓe fof mbiyata ko kuule kuutorteeɗe e nder yontaaji hade jeytaare.
(2) Sariyaaji nokkuuji (ina heen kuule sariyaaji leydi Najeriya gila e jamaanu koloñaal haa hannde). Woodi ƴoogirɗe goɗɗe ɗe, hay so tawii ko ɗe limtaaɗe e nder sariyaaji leydi Najeriya, ɗe ceertii e nder sariyaaji leydi Najeriya. Ɓe mbiyetee ko ''kuule ñaawoore e kuule ñaawoore'' leydi Najeriya.
=== Statuts Naajeeriya bana iwdi sariya Naajeeriya ===
Sariyaaji Naajeeriya ina mbaawi renndineede nii : ''Jamanuuji koloñaal haa 1960, sariyaaji caggal jeytaare 1960–1966, jamaanu konu 1966–1999'' .
=== Sariyaaji ɓaawo jeytaare lesdi 1960-1966 ===
Hokkugo ndimu lesdi Naajeeriya laatake limngal mawngal nder taariiha siyaasa lesdi ndi'i. Ndeeɗoo yonta seediima tiiɗtingol nafooje politik baɗaaɗe e jamaanu koloñaal. Politiyankooɓe ina njuɓɓina lappol mum en e politik. Nde heɓi e hoore mayre darnde republique nde diwti ƴiye cakkitiiɗe laamu koloñaal. Kono, hay so tawii kuule mayre ɗee mbonnaama no feewi, doosɗe leydi ndii ina keddii e njuɓɓudiiji garooji ɗii (militeer en walla ko wonaa ɗum).
=== Laamu konu, 1966-1999 ===
Konu Naajeeriya hoosi laamu Naajeeriya gila 1966-1979 e 1983-1999. Ɓooygol sariyaaji e dewal keɓtinaaɗi e nder yontaaji ƴeewndotooɗi ɗii, tawaaka ko ŋakkeende e nder sariyaaji leydi Najeriya. Golle bonɗe e nder politik ɓanndu e kala fannu nguurndam Naajeeriya mbonnii ƴellitaare e yahrude yeeso. Kuudetaaji jeetati mbaɗnoo ko e kuuɓal ; joy keɓii, tati keɓaani.
== Catal kuuɓtodinngal ==
[[File:Bola_Tinubu_portrait.jpg|left|thumb|Ardiido lesdi Naajeeriya jooni, Bola Tinubu]]
Hooreejo leydi ina suɓee e wooteeji winndereeji ɗi nganndu-ɗaa ko ɓuri heewde e martabaaji ɗi dowla rokkata ɓiyleydaagu mum, tee ina sikkaa ko hakke mo alaa ɗo haaɗi, mo kala ɓiyleydi mawɗo jogii e dow ɓiyleydaagu. E nder demokaraasi ko feere adannde ngam tabitinde laamuuji ina njogii darnde e laamiiɓe. Hooreejo leydi ndii woni hooreejo leydi ndii e laamu nguu fof, kadi ko kañum woni hooreejo kabine leydi Naajeeriya, woni Diisnondiral Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Doosgal leydi ndii ina yamiri kadi darnde hooreejo leydi ndii e nder kuulal 130. Doosgal leydi 1999 ina rokka denndaangal mbaawkaaji kuuɓtodinɗi fedde nde e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndi, tawi noon ko kanko walla cukko hooreejo leydi makko walla terɗe guwarnama makko mbaawi huutoraade ɗum en. Kuulal 5(1)(b) hollitii wonde baawɗe kuuɓtodinɗe hooreejo leydi ina njahdi e kuule doosɗe leydi, golle batu nguu e geɗe ɗe batu nguu jogii mbaawka waɗde sariya haa jooni. Hooreejo leydi ndi suɓaama ngam yi’ugo no doosɗe lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ndarna, nden no sariyaaji ɗin ɗon huutiniree yimɓe. Hooreejo leydi cuɓaaɗo oo kadi ko kañum woni hooreejo doole kisal ngenndi ndii, tee ina waawi jogaade ko ɓuri manndaaji ɗiɗi cuɓaaɗi ɗii, duuɓi nay. <ref name=":13" /> Hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya hannde oo ko [[Bola Tinubu]], o suɓaama e hitaande 2023, cukko hooreejo leydi ndii hannde oo ko [[Kashim Shetima Mustafa|Kashim Shettima]] .
Catal kuuɓtodinngal ngal feccii ko e Ministeeruuji Fedde nde, heen gooto fof ina ardii jaagorde toɗɗaande e hooreejo leydi ndii, Ministeeruuji Fedde nde ko ɗeen departemaaji sarwisaaji laamu mbaɗaama ngam rokkude geɗe keewɗe e nder golle laamu e kala ministeer ina ardii sekereteer duumotooɗo mo yeewtata ko ministeer e nder kabine Fedde nde . Naajeeriya ina jogii ministeeruuji 24 Fedde nde. Hooreejo leydi ina foti waɗde ko famɗi fof tergal gooto e nder kala dowla 36 e nder kabine mum. Toɗɗagol hooreejo leydi ndiin ko Senaa leydi Naajeeriya tabitini ɗum . Won heen, jaagorde fedde ndee ina jogii ko ɓuri jaagorde wootere (yeru, Environnement e Housing ina mbaawi hawreede), walla jaagorde ina waawi wallitde jaagorde dowla gooto walla ko ɓuri ɗum. Kala ministeer ina jogii kadi binndoowo duumotooɗo, woni golloowo laamu mawɗo.
Jaagorgal ngal ina toppitii parastataluuji (sosiyateeji laamu) keewɗi, ko wayi no duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde, Komisiyoŋ ngenndiijo toppitiiɗo jaayndeeji, e Sosiyetee ngenndiijo petroŋ leydi Najeriya . Kono won e parastataluuji ko Biro Hooreejo leydi ndii, ko wayi no Komiseer ngenndiijo woote, Komiseer bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis e Komiseer fedde toppitiinde golle siwil .
== Caggal sariyaaji ==
[[File:Nigeria's_National_Assembly_Building_with_the_Mace.jpg|thumb|Suudu Asamblee Naajeeriya bee mace]]
Ina wiyee wonde suudu sarɗiiji ko kañum woni gadanol e nder juɓɓule tati laamu – suudu sarɗiiji, suudu sarɗiiji, e suudu sarɗiiji. Kuulal ceertugol doole ina sifaa ɗeen juuɗe no gooto fof fotiri wonde ko jeytaare goɗɗo oo. Leydi ndii heɓi mbaawkaaji mum ko e doosɗe leydi 1999 (hono no wayliraa nii) e nder kuulal 4(1) e 4(2). Leydi ndii ina jogii mbaawka waɗde sariyaaji ngam jam, deeƴre e njuɓɓudi moƴƴiri Fedde ndee.
“Kadi nde hokkaama baawɗe wiɗitaaki, baawɗe ceede, baawɗe tabitinki e baawɗe ƴamɗe. Suudu sarɗiiji ko maande demokaraasi nder duuniyaaru fuu. E nder kuugal 4 (1) nder doosɗe leydi Naajeeriya 1999 (no wayliraa) (the "Doosɗe NASSly ve Assemb" of the National Nigeria). baawɗe sariyaaji leydi Naajeeriya Ko ɗum baawɗe waɗde sariyaaji ngam jam, dewal, e laamu moƴƴu e dow kala ko yowitii e doggol sariyaaji keertiiɗi e doggol jojjanɗe aadee – doggol geɗe 12 ɗe NASS e suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii fof mbaawi excitely on rewrude e kuule ɗe NASS jaɓi ɗe hooreejo leydi oo jaɓi <ref name="mondaq.com" /> Kuule ɗe ina keewi arde e mbaadiiji ɗiɗi – ko kuule keertiiɗe jowitiiɗe e ɓiɗɓe leydi keertiiɗi, juɓɓule gollorɗe e/walla denndaangal yimɓe walla kuule renndo jowitiiɗe e renndo ngoo fof Kuulal ina waawi naatde e nder NASS respect the chamber of the of government.Asammbele ngenndi Naajeeriya ina jogii suudu diidi : suudu dipiteeji e suudu sarɗiiji ko suudu leslesru e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi Najeriya, ndu ardii ɗum ko hooreejo suudu dipiteeji leydi Najeriya, ko 360 tergal e nder leydi ndi fof woni termeeji goɗɗi ɗii wooteeji joɗnde wootere . Senaa , [[Federal Capital Territory (Nigeria)|mo]] 109 tergal ardii ɗum ko hooreejo Senaa .
== Tuugnorgal ==
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
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Laamu leydi Abiya
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'''Laamu lesdi Abia''' woni laamu mawngu lesdi Abia e laamuuji lesdi maako, nder diiwal Fombina-Fuunaange lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] . Ina waɗi kuule ɗe guwerneer ardii, e sarɗiiji e ñaawirdu . <ref>Daniel Nwuzor (17 September 2015). "Why FG should intervene in Abia State". The Sun. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 25 September 2015.</ref>
== Ko Executif ==
Executive ko junngo laamu diiwaan Abia, toppitiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo ñalnde kala e ƴellitgol kuule. [1] Ardii Executive ko Guwerneer diiwaan Abia – mo ina waawi toɗɗaade wasiyaaji keertiiɗi rewrude e Legislatif – rewi heen ko cukko guwerneer . Birooji keddiiɗi ɗi mbaɗata eɓɓooji ɗii ko birooji Sekereteer laamu leydi ndii e Komisariyaaji capanɗe tati e tati. [2]
=== Doggol ministeeruuji e komisinaaji mum en ɗi guwerneer Okezie Ikpeazu hunii e hitaande 2021 ===
== Leydi ndii ==
Legislature walla suudu mooɓondiral laamu diiwaan Abia ko junngo ɗiɗaɓo laamu jowitiingo e waɗde sariyaaji e ƴettude kuule . Ardii ɗum ko hooreejo leydi ndii, tawa ina waɗi terɗe cuɓaaɗe e nder kala diiwaan leydi ndii, suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii ina jogii darnde tiiɗnde e toɗɗagol komisariyaaji leydi ndii, mawɓe ñaawooɓe ɓee e golle laamu toowɗe goɗɗe.
[[Judiciary of Abia State|Ñaawirde leydi Abia]] ina waɗi departemaaji 11 e kadi Komisiyoŋ Sarwiis Ñaawirde jogiiɗo golle sariyaaji tawa ina jeyaa heen ƴellitgol e toɗɗagol gollotooɓe ñaawirɗe. Ko ɗum jeyi e juuɗe potɗe laamu diiwaan Abia rokkaaɗo doole doosɗe ngam firtude e waɗde sariyaaji. Ardii nde ko hooreejo ñaawirdu diiwaan Abia, mo guwerneer diiwaan Abia toɗɗii e jaɓgol [[Abia State House of Assembly|suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan Abia]] .
=== Toɓɓe Ñaawirde ===
Ñaawirɗe dowla Abia ina njogii toɓɓe tati ñaawirɗe ɗe rewrude e ñaawooɓe mum en walla magistrat en mbaɗata golle jowitiiɗe e sariya. Ñaawirde toownde ndee ina toɗɗii hol ñaawoore nde foti ñaaweede tawa toɓɓe goɗɗe ɗee ina mbaɗi ñaawirɗe aadaaji, ɗe hooreejo e ñaawooɓe ñaawirdu ɗiɗo woɗɓe ardii, e Magistrateeji.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Laamu lesdi Abia''' woni laamu mawngu lesdi Abia e laamuuji lesdi maako, nder diiwal Fombina-Fuunaange lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] . Ina waɗi kuule ɗe guwerneer ardii, e sarɗiiji e ñaawirdu . <ref>Daniel Nwuzor (17 September 2015). "Why FG should intervene in Abia State". The Sun. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 25 September 2015.</ref>
== Ko Executif ==
Executive ko junngo laamu diiwaan Abia, toppitiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo ñalnde kala e ƴellitgol kuule. [1] Ardii Executive ko Guwerneer diiwaan Abia – mo ina waawi toɗɗaade wasiyaaji keertiiɗi rewrude e Legislatif – rewi heen ko cukko guwerneer . Birooji keddiiɗi ɗi mbaɗata eɓɓooji ɗii ko birooji Sekereteer laamu leydi ndii e Komisariyaaji capanɗe tati e tati. [2]
=== Doggol ministeeruuji e komisinaaji mum en ɗi guwerneer Okezie Ikpeazu hunii e hitaande 2021 ===
== Leydi ndii ==
Legislature walla suudu mooɓondiral laamu diiwaan Abia ko junngo ɗiɗaɓo laamu jowitiingo e waɗde sariyaaji e ƴettude kuule . Ardii ɗum ko hooreejo leydi ndii, tawa ina waɗi terɗe cuɓaaɗe e nder kala diiwaan leydi ndii, suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii ina jogii darnde tiiɗnde e toɗɗagol komisariyaaji leydi ndii, mawɓe ñaawooɓe ɓee e golle laamu toowɗe goɗɗe.
[[Judiciary of Abia State|Ñaawirde leydi Abia]] ina waɗi departemaaji 11 e kadi Komisiyoŋ Sarwiis Ñaawirde jogiiɗo golle sariyaaji tawa ina jeyaa heen ƴellitgol e toɗɗagol gollotooɓe ñaawirɗe. Ko ɗum jeyi e juuɗe potɗe laamu diiwaan Abia rokkaaɗo doole doosɗe ngam firtude e waɗde sariyaaji. Ardii nde ko hooreejo ñaawirdu diiwaan Abia, mo guwerneer diiwaan Abia toɗɗii e jaɓgol [[Abia State House of Assembly|suudu sarɗiiji diiwaan Abia]] .
=== Toɓɓe Ñaawirde ===
Ñaawirɗe dowla Abia ina njogii toɓɓe tati ñaawirɗe ɗe rewrude e ñaawooɓe mum en walla magistrat en mbaɗata golle jowitiiɗe e sariya. Ñaawirde toownde ndee ina toɗɗii hol ñaawoore nde foti ñaaweede tawa toɓɓe goɗɗe ɗee ina mbaɗi ñaawirɗe aadaaji, ɗe hooreejo e ñaawooɓe ñaawirdu ɗiɗo woɗɓe ardii, e Magistrateeji.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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Olanrewaju sileymaan afinni
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'''Olanrewaju Suleiman Afinni''' (jibinaama hitaande 1984) ko annduɗo systems Naajeeriya e siyaasaajo, jooni o woni tergal suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Lagos, o wakiiliijo lesdi Lagos II.
== Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol ==
Olanrewaju Afinni jibinaama e hitaande 1984 to diiwaan Lagos. O janngi jaŋde makko toownde to [[Jaangirɗe Laagos|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos]], o heɓi dipoloma makko ko faati e ganndal ordinateer (B.Sc.) e hitaande 2008.<ref>Computer Science in 2008.
He furthered his education in the United States, obtaining a Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Information Systems. This interdisciplinary degree combined Computer Science coursework at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences with Business Administration studies at the Stern School of Business, both within New York University (NYU).
Career
Professional career
Afinni began his professional career in the technology sector while still an undergraduate, working as a part-time web developer starting in 2005. He is a Microsoft Certified Professional and has worked as a SAP Business One consultant.
Political career
Afinni entered legislative politics in 2019 when he was elected to represent Lagos Island Constituency II in the Lagos State House of Assembly.
During his first term in the 9th Assembly (2019–2023), he served as the Chairman of the House Committee on Science and Technology.
He was re-elected in the 2023 general elections. Upon the inauguration of the 10th Assembly, he was appointed as the Chairman of the House Committee on Environment (Ministry).
References
"Hon. Olanrewaju Suleiman Afinni – Lagos House Of Assembly". Retrieved 2025-12-12.</ref>
== Kugal ==
=== Golle karallaagal ===
Afinni fuɗɗii golle mum karallaagal e nder fannu karallaagal nde o woni e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, o gollotoo ko e ƴellitgol web e sahaa gooto tuggi hitaande 2005. Ko o karallo Microsoft Certified Professional, o golliima e SAP Business One.
=== Golle politik ===
Afinni nasti nder siyaasaaku lesdi ndin nder hitaande 2019 nde o suɓaama ngam o wakiili lesdi Lagos Island II nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Lagos.
E manndaa makko gadano e Asaambele 9ɓo (2019–2023), o woniino hooreejo Goomu Ganndal e Karallaagal suudu sarɗiiji.
O artiraa e wooteeji gardagol leydi 2023. Nde Asaambele 10ɓo udditaa, o toɗɗaa hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji (Ministeer).
== Tuugnorgal ==
[[Category:Yimɓe wuurɓe]]
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'''Olanrewaju Suleiman Afinni''' (jibinaama hitaande 1984) ko annduɗo systems Naajeeriya e siyaasaajo, jooni o woni tergal suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Lagos, o wakiiliijo lesdi Lagos II.
== Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol ==
Olanrewaju Afinni jibinaama e hitaande 1984 to diiwaan Lagos. O janngi jaŋde makko toownde to [[Jaangirɗe Laagos|duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lagos]], o heɓi dipoloma makko ko faati e ganndal ordinateer (B.Sc.) e hitaande 2008.<ref>Computer Science in 2008.
He furthered his education in the United States, obtaining a Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Information Systems. This interdisciplinary degree combined Computer Science coursework at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences with Business Administration studies at the Stern School of Business, both within New York University (NYU).
Career
Professional career
Afinni began his professional career in the technology sector while still an undergraduate, working as a part-time web developer starting in 2005. He is a Microsoft Certified Professional and has worked as a SAP Business One consultant.
Political career
Afinni entered legislative politics in 2019 when he was elected to represent Lagos Island Constituency II in the Lagos State House of Assembly.
During his first term in the 9th Assembly (2019–2023), he served as the Chairman of the House Committee on Science and Technology.
He was re-elected in the 2023 general elections. Upon the inauguration of the 10th Assembly, he was appointed as the Chairman of the House Committee on Environment (Ministry).
References
"Hon. Olanrewaju Suleiman Afinni – Lagos House Of Assembly". Retrieved 2025-12-12.</ref>
== Kugal ==
=== Golle karallaagal ===
Afinni fuɗɗii golle mum karallaagal e nder fannu karallaagal nde o woni e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, o gollotoo ko e ƴellitgol web e sahaa gooto tuggi hitaande 2005. Ko o karallo Microsoft Certified Professional, o golliima e SAP Business One.
=== Golle politik ===
Afinni nasti nder siyaasaaku lesdi ndin nder hitaande 2019 nde o suɓaama ngam o wakiili lesdi Lagos Island II nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Lagos.
E manndaa makko gadano e Asaambele 9ɓo (2019–2023), o woniino hooreejo Goomu Ganndal e Karallaagal suudu sarɗiiji.
O artiraa e wooteeji gardagol leydi 2023. Nde Asaambele 10ɓo udditaa, o toɗɗaa hooreejo Goomu suudu sarɗiiji (Ministeer).
== Tuugnorgal ==
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Tom Kirkham
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Thomas Kirkham ko ñaawoowo fuku koyɗe Angalteer.
E hitaande 1894 o ardii (ko ɓuri heewde e) ‘Pijirlooji feccere tati’ hakkunde Sunderland e Derby County e ñalawma udditgol kawgel fuku koyɗe Ligue des Champions, o yamiri yo kawgel ngel timma caggal nde feccere wootere timmi tawo e tawtoreede makko sabu waasde jogaade oto.
E joofnirde pottital gadanal e nder kawgel finaal hakkunde Sheffield United e Southampton, gooliiɗo United biyeteeɗo William Foulke, mo weltaaki e gooto e kuule mum, yalti suudu mum, o ɓoornaaki comci, o rewi e Kirkham, o rewi e ardorde ɓuuɓnde. Foulke ina foti haɗeede e fedde ardiiɓe FA ngam ustude damal ardorde ndee e ŋoral mum ngam yettaade ñaawoowo oo.
Kirkham kadi ardiima kawgel ngel, ngel Sheffield United heɓi 2-1.
O ardii kadi pottital hakkunde Ecoppi e Irlannda ñalnde 21 marse 1903, caggal ɗuum pottital hakkunde Ecoppi e Wales ñalnde 12 marse 1904 e hakkunde Ecoppi e Irlannda ñalnde 18 marse 1905.
O heewi jiiɓrude e Fred Kirkham (mo Preston) gardinooɗo kawgel fuku FA e hitaande 1906.
Tuugnorgal
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Thomas Kirkham ko ñaawoowo fuku koyɗe Angalteer.
E hitaande 1894 o ardii (ko ɓuri heewde e) ‘Pijirlooji feccere tati’ hakkunde Sunderland e Derby County e ñalawma udditgol kawgel fuku koyɗe Ligue des Champions, o yamiri yo kawgel ngel timma caggal nde feccere wootere timmi tawo e tawtoreede makko sabu waasde jogaade oto.
E joofnirde pottital gadanal e nder kawgel finaal hakkunde Sheffield United e Southampton, gooliiɗo United biyeteeɗo William Foulke, mo weltaaki e gooto e kuule mum, yalti suudu mum, o ɓoornaaki comci, o rewi e Kirkham, o rewi e ardorde ɓuuɓnde. Foulke ina foti haɗeede e fedde ardiiɓe FA ngam ustude damal ardorde ndee e ŋoral mum ngam yettaade ñaawoowo oo.
Kirkham kadi ardiima kawgel ngel, ngel Sheffield United heɓi 2-1.
O ardii kadi pottital hakkunde Ecoppi e Irlannda ñalnde 21 marse 1903, caggal ɗuum pottital hakkunde Ecoppi e Wales ñalnde 12 marse 1904 e hakkunde Ecoppi e Irlannda ñalnde 18 marse 1905.
O heewi jiiɓrude e Fred Kirkham (mo Preston) gardinooɗo kawgel fuku FA e hitaande 1906.
Tuugnorgal
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'''Thomas Kirkham''' ko ñaawoowo fuku koyɗe Angalteer.
E hitaande 1894 o ardii (ko ɓuri heewde e) ‘Pijirlooji feccere tati’ hakkunde Sunderland e Derby County e ñalawma udditgol kawgel fuku koyɗe Ligue des Champions, o yamiri yo kawgel ngel timma caggal nde feccere wootere timmi tawo e tawtoreede makko sabu waasde jogaade oto.
E joofnirde pottital gadanal e nder kawgel finaal hakkunde Sheffield United e Southampton, gooliiɗo United biyeteeɗo William Foulke, mo weltaaki e gooto e kuule mum, yalti suudu mum, o ɓoornaaki comci, o rewi e Kirkham, o rewi e ardorde ɓuuɓnde. Foulke ina foti haɗeede e fedde ardiiɓe FA ngam ustude damal ardorde ndee e ŋoral mum ngam yettaade ñaawoowo oo.
Kirkham kadi ardiima kawgel ngel, ngel Sheffield United heɓi 2-1.
O ardii kadi pottital hakkunde Ecoppi e Irlannda ñalnde 21 marse 1903, caggal ɗuum pottital hakkunde Ecoppi e Wales ñalnde 12 marse 1904 e hakkunde Ecoppi e Irlannda ñalnde 18 marse 1905.
O heewi jiiɓrude e Fred Kirkham (mo Preston) gardinooɗo kawgel fuku FA e hitaande 1906.
== Tuugnorgal ==
0lb1zk9ytu68ezezd90xr7lnl2c9nyg
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'''Thomas Kirkham''' ko ñaawoowo fuku koyɗe Angalteer.<ref>[http://roker-roar.com/pauldays/navbar/matches/safc%2011%20v%200%20dcfc.html Sunderland 8 (11) v 0 Derby County {{!}} 1 September 1894], Roker Roar</ref>
E hitaande 1894 o ardii (ko ɓuri heewde e) ‘Pijirlooji feccere tati’ hakkunde Sunderland e Derby County e ñalawma udditgol kawgel fuku koyɗe Ligue des Champions, o yamiri yo kawgel ngel timma caggal nde feccere wootere timmi tawo e tawtoreede makko sabu waasde jogaade oto.
E joofnirde pottital gadanal e nder kawgel finaal hakkunde Sheffield United e Southampton, gooliiɗo United biyeteeɗo William Foulke, mo weltaaki e gooto e kuule mum, yalti suudu mum, o ɓoornaaki comci, o rewi e Kirkham, o rewi e ardorde ɓuuɓnde. Foulke ina foti haɗeede e fedde ardiiɓe FA ngam ustude damal ardorde ndee e ŋoral mum ngam yettaade ñaawoowo oo.
Kirkham kadi ardiima kawgel ngel, ngel Sheffield United heɓi 2-1.
O ardii kadi pottital hakkunde Ecoppi e Irlannda ñalnde 21 marse 1903, caggal ɗuum pottital hakkunde Ecoppi e Wales ñalnde 12 marse 1904 e hakkunde Ecoppi e Irlannda ñalnde 18 marse 1905.
O heewi jiiɓrude e Fred Kirkham (mo Preston) gardinooɗo kawgel fuku FA e hitaande 1906.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Thomas Kirkham''' ko ñaawoowo fuku koyɗe Angalteer.<ref>[http://roker-roar.com/pauldays/navbar/matches/safc%2011%20v%200%20dcfc.html Sunderland 8 (11) v 0 Derby County {{!}} 1 September 1894], Roker Roar</ref>
E hitaande 1894 o ardii (ko ɓuri heewde e) ‘Pijirlooji feccere tati’ hakkunde Sunderland e Derby County e ñalawma udditgol kawgel fuku koyɗe Ligue des Champions, o yamiri yo kawgel ngel timma caggal nde feccere wootere timmi tawo e tawtoreede makko sabu waasde jogaade oto.<ref>{{cite web|title=1902 FA Cup Final|work=fa-cupfinals.co.uk|url=https://www.fa-cupfinals.co.uk/1902.html|accessdate=1 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first1=David|last1=Bull|first2=Bob|last2=Brunskell|title=Match of the Millennium|publisher=Hagiology Publishing|year=2000|pages=30–33|isbn=0-9534474-1-3}}</ref><ref>An account of the incident by the match linesman J. T. Howcroft suggests this version may be an embellishment of the facts. (See {{cite book|last=Phythian|first=Graham|title=Colossus, The True Story of William Foulke|publisher=Tempus Publishing|year=2005|page=79|isbn=0-7524-3274-5}})</ref>
E joofnirde pottital gadanal e nder kawgel finaal hakkunde Sheffield United e Southampton, gooliiɗo United biyeteeɗo William Foulke, mo weltaaki e gooto e kuule mum, yalti suudu mum, o ɓoornaaki comci, o rewi e Kirkham, o rewi e ardorde ɓuuɓnde. Foulke ina foti haɗeede e fedde ardiiɓe FA ngam ustude damal ardorde ndee e ŋoral mum ngam yettaade ñaawoowo oo.
Kirkham kadi ardiima kawgel ngel, ngel Sheffield United heɓi 2-1.
O ardii kadi pottital hakkunde Ecoppi e Irlannda ñalnde 21 marse 1903, caggal ɗuum pottital hakkunde Ecoppi e Wales ñalnde 12 marse 1904 e hakkunde Ecoppi e Irlannda ñalnde 18 marse 1905.
O heewi jiiɓrude e Fred Kirkham (mo Preston) gardinooɗo kawgel fuku FA e hitaande 1906.
== Tuugnorgal ==
hflya3383wnanjz9x60q82mh8g2lp8p
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'''Thomas Kirkham''' ko ñaawoowo fuku koyɗe Angalteer.<ref>[http://roker-roar.com/pauldays/navbar/matches/safc%2011%20v%200%20dcfc.html Sunderland 8 (11) v 0 Derby County {{!}} 1 September 1894], Roker Roar</ref>
E hitaande 1894 o ardii (ko ɓuri heewde e) ‘Pijirlooji feccere tati’ hakkunde Sunderland e Derby County e ñalawma udditgol kawgel fuku koyɗe Ligue des Champions, o yamiri yo kawgel ngel timma caggal nde feccere wootere timmi tawo e tawtoreede makko sabu waasde jogaade oto.<ref>{{cite web|title=1902 FA Cup Final|work=fa-cupfinals.co.uk|url=https://www.fa-cupfinals.co.uk/1902.html|accessdate=1 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first1=David|last1=Bull|first2=Bob|last2=Brunskell|title=Match of the Millennium|publisher=Hagiology Publishing|year=2000|pages=30–33|isbn=0-9534474-1-3}}</ref><ref>An account of the incident by the match linesman J. T. Howcroft suggests this version may be an embellishment of the facts. (See {{cite book|last=Phythian|first=Graham|title=Colossus, The True Story of William Foulke|publisher=Tempus Publishing|year=2005|page=79|isbn=0-7524-3274-5}})</ref>
E joofnirde pottital gadanal e nder kawgel finaal hakkunde Sheffield United e Southampton, gooliiɗo United biyeteeɗo William Foulke, mo weltaaki e gooto e kuule mum, yalti suudu mum, o ɓoornaaki comci, o rewi e Kirkham, o rewi e ardorde ɓuuɓnde. Foulke ina foti haɗeede e fedde ardiiɓe FA ngam ustude damal ardorde ndee e ŋoral mum ngam yettaade ñaawoowo oo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Scotland 0 Ireland 2 (21 Mar 1903)|work=londonhearts.com|url=https://www.londonhearts.com/scotland/games/19030321.html|accessdate=1 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Scotland 1 Wales 1 (12 March 1904)|work=londonhearts.com|url=https://www.londonhearts.com/scotland/games/19040312.html|accessdate=1 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Scotland 4 Ireland 0 (18 March 1905)|work=londonhearts.com|url=https://www.londonhearts.com/scotland/games/19050318.html|accessdate=1 March 2009}}</ref>
Kirkham kadi ardiima kawgel ngel, ngel Sheffield United heɓi 2-1.
O ardii kadi pottital hakkunde Ecoppi e Irlannda ñalnde 21 marse 1903, caggal ɗuum pottital hakkunde Ecoppi e Wales ñalnde 12 marse 1904 e hakkunde Ecoppi e Irlannda ñalnde 18 marse 1905.
O heewi jiiɓrude e Fred Kirkham (mo Preston) gardinooɗo kawgel fuku FA e hitaande 1906.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Thomas Kirkham''' ko ñaawoowo fuku koyɗe Angalteer.<ref>[http://roker-roar.com/pauldays/navbar/matches/safc%2011%20v%200%20dcfc.html Sunderland 8 (11) v 0 Derby County {{!}} 1 September 1894], Roker Roar</ref>
E hitaande 1894 o ardii (ko ɓuri heewde e) ‘Pijirlooji feccere tati’ hakkunde Sunderland e Derby County e ñalawma udditgol kawgel fuku koyɗe Ligue des Champions, o yamiri yo kawgel ngel timma caggal nde feccere wootere timmi tawo e tawtoreede makko sabu waasde jogaade oto.<ref>{{cite web|title=1902 FA Cup Final|work=fa-cupfinals.co.uk|url=https://www.fa-cupfinals.co.uk/1902.html|accessdate=1 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first1=David|last1=Bull|first2=Bob|last2=Brunskell|title=Match of the Millennium|publisher=Hagiology Publishing|year=2000|pages=30–33|isbn=0-9534474-1-3}}</ref><ref>An account of the incident by the match linesman J. T. Howcroft suggests this version may be an embellishment of the facts. (See {{cite book|last=Phythian|first=Graham|title=Colossus, The True Story of William Foulke|publisher=Tempus Publishing|year=2005|page=79|isbn=0-7524-3274-5}})</ref>
E joofnirde pottital gadanal e nder kawgel finaal hakkunde Sheffield United e Southampton, gooliiɗo United biyeteeɗo William Foulke, mo weltaaki e gooto e kuule mum, yalti suudu mum, o ɓoornaaki comci, o rewi e Kirkham, o rewi e ardorde ɓuuɓnde. Foulke ina foti haɗeede e fedde ardiiɓe FA ngam ustude damal ardorde ndee e ŋoral mum ngam yettaade ñaawoowo oo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Scotland 0 Ireland 2 (21 Mar 1903)|work=londonhearts.com|url=https://www.londonhearts.com/scotland/games/19030321.html|accessdate=1 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Scotland 1 Wales 1 (12 March 1904)|work=londonhearts.com|url=https://www.londonhearts.com/scotland/games/19040312.html|accessdate=1 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Scotland 4 Ireland 0 (18 March 1905)|work=londonhearts.com|url=https://www.londonhearts.com/scotland/games/19050318.html|accessdate=1 March 2009}}</ref>
Kirkham kadi ardiima kawgel ngel, ngel Sheffield United heɓi 2-1.
O ardii kadi pottital hakkunde Ecoppi e Irlannda ñalnde 21 marse 1903, caggal ɗuum pottital hakkunde Ecoppi e Wales ñalnde 12 marse 1904 e hakkunde Ecoppi e Irlannda ñalnde 18 marse 1905.<ref>{{cite web|title=Information on world records and short biographies of the record holders (1901–1910)|work=IFHHS|url=https://www.iffhs.de/?388f07788c02fc0d85a9d815685fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeeda08707|accessdate=1 March 2009}}</ref>
O heewi jiiɓrude e Fred Kirkham (mo Preston) gardinooɗo kawgel fuku FA e hitaande 1906.
== Tuugnorgal ==
afzvjh9l7yqpfr7u6b7bu46a5s46aw8
Maayo Agbado
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Created page with "'''Maayo Agbado''' ko maayo leydi Benin.<ref>Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993</ref> Nde rewi ko e leydi Maxi haa fuɗnaange Abomey.<ref>Herskovits, Melville Jean; Herskovits, Frances Shapiro (1964). An outline of Dahomean religious belief. Kraus. p. 63. Retrieved 30 April 2012.</ref> Nde ummotoo ko fuɗnaange ummoraade e ɓuuɓri mayre to worgo Departemaa Collines, nde rewi wuro Savalou, nde ummotoo ko e maayo Zou to ladde Atchérigbé sara Setto.<ref>Shee..."
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'''Maayo Agbado''' ko maayo leydi Benin.<ref>Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993</ref> Nde rewi ko e leydi Maxi haa fuɗnaange Abomey.<ref>Herskovits, Melville Jean; Herskovits, Frances Shapiro (1964). An outline of Dahomean religious belief. Kraus. p. 63. Retrieved 30 April 2012.</ref> Nde ummotoo ko fuɗnaange ummoraade e ɓuuɓri mayre to worgo Departemaa Collines, nde rewi wuro Savalou, nde ummotoo ko e maayo Zou to ladde Atchérigbé sara Setto.<ref>Sheet 17: Lagos (Map). 1:2,000,000. Series 2201. Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center. April 1973.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
rye4wtm89bpaplh6fp93vwhi87p2nyn
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'''Maayo Agbado''' ko maayo leydi Benin.<ref>Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993</ref> Nde rewi ko e leydi Maxi haa fuɗnaange Abomey.<ref>Herskovits, Melville Jean; Herskovits, Frances Shapiro (1964). An outline of Dahomean religious belief. Kraus. p. 63. Retrieved 30 April 2012.</ref> Nde ummotoo ko fuɗnaange ummoraade e ɓuuɓri mayre to worgo Departemaa Collines, nde rewi wuro Savalou, nde ummotoo ko e maayo Zou to ladde Atchérigbé sara Setto.<ref>Sheet 17: Lagos (Map). 1:2,000,000. Series 2201. Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center. April 1973.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
4lskn5tos2gwwbvq8fdvk01u9mr3mtv
Maayo Alibori
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Created page with "'''Maayo Alibori''' ko maayo wonngo worgo-fuɗnaange leydi Benin. Nde ummotoo ko sara wuro Tobré to Departemaa Atakora, nde ummotoo ko fuɗnaange-rewo, nde ummotoo ko e maayo Niiseer sara Birni-Lafia.<ref>Sheet 17: Lagos (Map). 1:2,000,000. Series 2201. Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center. April 1973.</ref><ref>Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.</ref> E nder Departemaa Alibori ina waɗi keeri fuɗnaange kominaaji Banikoara e Karimama, kam e keeri fu..."
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'''Maayo Alibori''' ko maayo wonngo worgo-fuɗnaange leydi Benin. Nde ummotoo ko sara wuro Tobré to Departemaa Atakora, nde ummotoo ko fuɗnaange-rewo, nde ummotoo ko e maayo Niiseer sara Birni-Lafia.<ref>Sheet 17: Lagos (Map). 1:2,000,000. Series 2201. Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center. April 1973.</ref><ref>Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.</ref> E nder Departemaa Alibori ina waɗi keeri fuɗnaange kominaaji Banikoara e Karimama, kam e keeri fuɗnaange Park W Transborder. Maayo Pako ko e ɓulli maggo jeyaa. Ina heewi mborosaaji.<ref>International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Crocodile Specialist Group. Working Meeting (1982). Crocodiles: Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Convened at the Florida State Museum, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A., 12 to 16 August 1980. IUCN. p. 193. <nowiki>ISBN 978-2-88032-209-0</nowiki>. Retrieved 30 April 2012.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Maayo Alibori''' ko maayo wonngo worgo-fuɗnaange leydi Benin. Nde ummotoo ko sara wuro Tobré to Departemaa Atakora, nde ummotoo ko fuɗnaange-rewo, nde ummotoo ko e maayo Niiseer sara Birni-Lafia.<ref>Sheet 17: Lagos (Map). 1:2,000,000. Series 2201. Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center. April 1973.</ref><ref>Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.</ref> E nder Departemaa Alibori ina waɗi keeri fuɗnaange kominaaji Banikoara e Karimama, kam e keeri fuɗnaange Park W Transborder. Maayo Pako ko e ɓulli maggo jeyaa. Ina heewi mborosaaji.<ref>International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Crocodile Specialist Group. Working Meeting (1982). Crocodiles: Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Convened at the Florida State Museum, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A., 12 to 16 August 1980. IUCN. p. 193. <nowiki>ISBN 978-2-88032-209-0</nowiki>. Retrieved 30 April 2012.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
cq7d3eei05ch92k3kxj657yovw5dxop
Maayo Mono
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Created page with "{{Databox}} '''Maayo Mono''' ko maayo mawngo fuɗnaange leydi Togo. Ko ina tolnoo e 400 km (250 miil) njuuteendi, e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri fotde 20 000 km2 (7 700 miil kaaree), ina ummoo hakkunde wuro Sokodé e keerol Benin, ina ilna fuɗnaange. E bannge funnaange maayo ngoo feewde e daande maggo, ko ngo woni keeri hakkunde leyɗeele hakkunde leydi Togo e leydi Benin. Maayo ngo ina ilna e nder maayo Benin rewrude e njuɓɓudi yaajndi, ndi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e maayooji, ina h..."
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'''Maayo Mono''' ko maayo mawngo fuɗnaange leydi Togo.
Ko ina tolnoo e 400 km (250 miil) njuuteendi, e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri fotde 20 000 km2 (7 700 miil kaaree), ina ummoo hakkunde wuro Sokodé e keerol Benin, ina ilna fuɗnaange. E bannge funnaange maayo ngoo feewde e daande maggo, ko ngo woni keeri hakkunde leyɗeele hakkunde leydi Togo e leydi Benin. Maayo ngo ina ilna e nder maayo Benin rewrude e njuɓɓudi yaajndi, ndi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e maayooji, ina heen maayo Togo.<ref>Philip's (1994). Atlas of the World. Reed International. p. 101. <nowiki>ISBN 0-540-05831-9</nowiki>.</ref> Ko feccere maayo ɓurnde ɓadaade hunuko maggo tan waawi yahde. Ko ɓuri heewde e nokkuuji maayo ngoo e dow tappirde toownde ina ndema maaro, njuumri, maaro, cotton e maniyyu.<ref>"Mono River". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 21 November 2016.</ref>
Maayo ngoo ina dammbinaa 160 km (99 mi) e hunuko mum e baraas Nangbeto, gollondiral hakkunde Benin e Togo timmungal e hitaande 1987. Wiɗtooji kollitii nafoore faggudu ummoraade e baraas oo, ina jeyaa heen turism e liɗɗi e nder maayo ngo caggal mum. Pewnugol baraas oo dillinii hakkunde 7 600 e 10 000 neɗɗo, kono tan, wiɗtooji kollitii wonde ɗum waylii no feewi ekolosii (ecologie) e nder maayo ngoo, sabu ustugol mbayliigaaji sahaaji e nder doggol maayo ngoo. Eɓɓoore baraas ɗiɗmere, baraas Adjarala, ina ɗaminanoo mahde e maayo hakkunde Nangbeto e hunduko maayo ngoo e nder kitaale 1990[3] kono heɓaani kaalis haa hitaande 2017 nde Fonds de Développement Siin-Afrique jaɓi wallitde eɓɓoore ndee.<ref>Togo First, Togo: CAD Fund to support new development projects, Tuesday, 11 September 2018 19:08, <nowiki>https://www.togofirst.com/en/investments/1109-1578-togo-cad-fund-to-support-new-development-projects</nowiki></ref> Pewnugol baraas oo ina jeyaa e peeje laamu ngu ngam ɓeydude kattanɗe ƴellitaare leydi Benin gila e 20 haa 70% sabu ko ɓuri heewde e doole leydi Togo e leydi Benin ina poti naatde hannde e baraas Akosombo to leydi Ganaa.<ref>Europa Publications (2014). Africa South of the Sahara 2014. Routledge. p. 112. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-85743-698-3</nowiki>.</ref>
Fotde 35 km (22 mi) e hunuko maggo, ina waɗi diƴƴe jeegom (6) ɓuuɓɗe. Les ɗoo, maayo ngoo wonta ɓuuɓngo, ngo ɓuuɓtoo e dow ŋoral ɓuuɓngal, ina waɗi kadi nokku mawɗo ɓuuɓɗo jokkondirɗo e Togo e Benin fof. Ndee nokkuure ina heewi mawnugol ƴiye, ƴiye e huɗo, e manateeji, mborosaaji e hippopotaaji ina tawee e maayo ngoo.<ref>Hughes, R.H. (1992). A Directory of African Wetlands. IUCN. p. 443. <nowiki>ISBN 978-2-88032-949-5</nowiki>.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
g5jvhmgf04hteawgptvddzzn8vqk5ut
Maayo Ouémé
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Created page with "'''Maayo Ouémé''', kadi ina winndaa Weme (ɗemngal Yoruba: Odò Ofe, ɗemɗe Gbe: Weme) ko maayo e nder leydi Benin.<ref>"Ouémé River | river, Africa | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 7 July 2023.</ref> Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atakora, nde njuuteendi mum ko hedde 510 kiloomeeteer (320 miil). Nde rewi ko e gure Carnotville e Ouémé haa nde rewi e delta mawɗo to Golf Gine sara wuro laamorgo Cotonou. Waandeeji ɓurɗi mawnude ɗii ko maayo Okpara e maayo Al..."
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'''Maayo Ouémé''', kadi ina winndaa Weme (ɗemngal Yoruba: Odò Ofe, ɗemɗe Gbe: Weme) ko maayo e nder leydi Benin.<ref>"Ouémé River | river, Africa | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 7 July 2023.</ref> Nde ummotoo ko e koɗli Atakora, nde njuuteendi mum ko hedde 510 kiloomeeteer (320 miil). Nde rewi ko e gure Carnotville e Ouémé haa nde rewi e delta mawɗo to Golf Gine sara wuro laamorgo Cotonou. Waandeeji ɓurɗi mawnude ɗii ko maayo Okpara e maayo Alpouro.
== Limtol ==
Maayo Ouémé ko maayo ɓurngo mawnude e nder Ndenndaandi Benin. Nde woni ko hakkunde 6° 30° e 10° njuuteendi fuɗnaange e 0° 52 'e 3° 05' njuuteendi fuɗnaange(Oba S. Alain 2018[ciimtol timmungol ina haani]). Nde taƴata ko nokkuuji agro-ekoloji keewɗi, nde ñamlata ko dow, njuɓɓudi laana ndiwoowa ‘’Lac Nokoué-lagoon de Porto-Novo’’ rewrude e nokku Delta. Delta les Ouémé, woni ko hakkunde 6° 33’N e 8° 15’ e meridiyanuuji 1° 50’ e 2° 00’ (Zinsou et al., 2016). Delta les Ouémé fuɗɗotoo ko caggal municipaalitee Adjohoun e nder departemaa Ouémé, haa joofna e fasaad fuɗnaange ɗo maayo ngoo rewata e nder nokku biyeteeɗo ‘’Nokoué-Porto-Novo’’ (Lalèyè et al., 2014). Sifaa weeyo subequatorial, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko dumunnaaji ɗiɗi toɓo e dumunnaaji ɗiɗi yooro. To bannge goɗɗo oo, laamu mayre ndiyam fawii ko e weeyo Sudaan (fuɗnaange-Benin) e sahaa ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ina heewi jogaade lebbi jeeɗiɗi (Noowammbar haa Suwee) e sahaa ilam (Suliyee haa Oktoobar) (Lalèyè, 1995). Leɗɗe gonɗe e nokku oo ina ceerti e ɓulli hoɗɓe e leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe ɗe ƴiye ndiyam (Eichornia crassipes), ƴiye ndiyam (Nymphaea lotus), ƴiye ndiyam (Pistoia stratiotes) e lemna (Lemna pairciostata) ɓuri heewde. Ina woodi kadi laddeeji ɓuuɓɗi ɗi ƴellitaaki, ɗi ɓuri heewde heen ko leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe (Raphia hookeri) e leɗɗe nebam (Elaeis guineensis). Feccere nde ndiyam ɗam ɓuuɓnata ina heewi liɗɗi (Zinsou et al., 2016[citation timmuɗo ina haani]).
== Tuugnorgal ==
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Maayo Sota
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Created page with "'''Sota''' ko maayo worgo leydi Benin, ngo rewata ko e departemaaji Borgou e Alibori. Ko caakol ummingol e maayo Niiseer, maayo Tassiné ina jeyaa e caallaaji maggo. Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e 250 km (160 miil) njuuteendi mum, ina waɗi 13 650 km2 (5 270 miil kaaree).<ref>"COUNTRY FILES – SIFRA BOOK 2 – BENIN". Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, FAO. Retrieved 2015-09-15.</ref> == Geography == Sota oo ummoto ko worgo-fuɗnaange wuro Ndali e nder Departemaa Borgou. M..."
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'''Sota''' ko maayo worgo leydi Benin, ngo rewata ko e departemaaji Borgou e Alibori. Ko caakol ummingol e maayo Niiseer, maayo Tassiné ina jeyaa e caallaaji maggo. Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e 250 km (160 miil) njuuteendi mum, ina waɗi 13 650 km2 (5 270 miil kaaree).<ref>"COUNTRY FILES – SIFRA BOOK 2 – BENIN". Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, FAO. Retrieved 2015-09-15.</ref>
== Geography ==
Sota oo ummoto ko worgo-fuɗnaange wuro Ndali e nder Departemaa Borgou. Maayo ngoo ina doga haa fuɗnaange-rewo-fuɗnaange, ina naata e maayo Niiseer to Malanville.
== Toɓo ==
* Toɓooli hitaande kala ina limtaa e nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weendu Sota :
* Segbana (caka-fuɗnaange-rewo maayo ngoo, sara keeri leydi Nijeer) : 1 177,4 mm (46,35 in) ina yaaji e nder balɗe 53.
* Kandi (caka-fuɗnaange weendu nduu) : 1 055,1 mm (41,54 in), ina yaaji e balɗe 80
* Malanville (to bannge worgo weendu nduu to nokku ɗo nde hawri e Niiseer) : 919,9 mm (36,22 in) e nder balɗe 53
Toɓooli keewɗi ina ngoodi e kala nokku tuggi lewru sulyee haa lewru suwee (boreal summer), ina addana ɗum ilam ɗam, kono ŋakkeende ndee ko yontaaji yooro tiiɗɗi tuggi lewru desaambar haa lewru abriil.<ref>"Scénarios de lutte contre les trypanosomes en Afrique occidentale (annexe 3 page 14) - 2001" (PDF) (in French). Retrieved 2008-03-04.</ref>
== Hidrometri ==
Doggol maayo ngoo ina teskaa fotde duuɓi 40 (1953–1992) to nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo e Couberi, sara ɗo ɗam hawrata e maayo Niiseer to Malanville.
To Couberi, moodel vursugol hitaande kala walla teskaama e nder oo zoo sahaa ko 31 m3/s (1 100 cu ft/s) wonande nokku ina teskaa 9 111 haa 13 410 km2 (3 518 haa 5 178 km2). Hakindo lewru teskaangu gila e lewru feebariyee haa e lewru abriil ko hakkunde 3,7–3,9 m3/s (130–140 cu ft/s), ko huunde teskaande no feewi e nder Afrik e dow yamiroore mum, tawi maayooji goɗɗi e nder diiwaan hee ina njippoo no feewi haa ɓadii yoorde e sahaa yooro. Ko goonga noon, tolno toɓo 900–1 200 mm (35–47 in) e hitaande ina yahdi no feewi. E nder dumunna ƴeewndo duuɓi 40, lewru ɓurndu famɗude ko 2 m3/s (71 cu ft/s) tawi lewru ɓurndu heewde ko 358 m3/s (12 600 cu ft/s) ko ɓuri heewde e lewru Seine to Pari.<ref>"GRDC - La Sota à Couberi". Retrieved 2008-03-04.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Sota''' ko maayo worgo leydi Benin, ngo rewata ko e departemaaji Borgou e Alibori. Ko caakol ummingol e maayo Niiseer, maayo Tassiné ina jeyaa e caallaaji maggo. Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e 250 km (160 miil) njuuteendi mum, ina waɗi 13 650 km2 (5 270 miil kaaree).<ref>"COUNTRY FILES – SIFRA BOOK 2 – BENIN". Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, FAO. Retrieved 2015-09-15.</ref>
== Geography ==
Sota oo ummoto ko worgo-fuɗnaange wuro Ndali e nder Departemaa Borgou. Maayo ngoo ina doga haa fuɗnaange-rewo-fuɗnaange, ina naata e maayo Niiseer to Malanville.
== Toɓo ==
* Toɓooli hitaande kala ina limtaa e nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weendu Sota :
* Segbana (caka-fuɗnaange-rewo maayo ngoo, sara keeri leydi Nijeer) : 1 177,4 mm (46,35 in) ina yaaji e nder balɗe 53.
* Kandi (caka-fuɗnaange weendu nduu) : 1 055,1 mm (41,54 in), ina yaaji e balɗe 80
* Malanville (to bannge worgo weendu nduu to nokku ɗo nde hawri e Niiseer) : 919,9 mm (36,22 in) e nder balɗe 53
Toɓooli keewɗi ina ngoodi e kala nokku tuggi lewru sulyee haa lewru suwee (boreal summer), ina addana ɗum ilam ɗam, kono ŋakkeende ndee ko yontaaji yooro tiiɗɗi tuggi lewru desaambar haa lewru abriil.<ref>"Scénarios de lutte contre les trypanosomes en Afrique occidentale (annexe 3 page 14) - 2001" (PDF) (in French). Retrieved 2008-03-04.</ref>
== Hidrometri ==
Doggol maayo ngoo ina teskaa fotde duuɓi 40 (1953–1992) to nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo e Couberi, sara ɗo ɗam hawrata e maayo Niiseer to Malanville.
To Couberi, moodel vursugol hitaande kala walla teskaama e nder oo zoo sahaa ko 31 m3/s (1 100 cu ft/s) wonande nokku ina teskaa 9 111 haa 13 410 km2 (3 518 haa 5 178 km2). Hakindo lewru teskaangu gila e lewru feebariyee haa e lewru abriil ko hakkunde 3,7–3,9 m3/s (130–140 cu ft/s), ko huunde teskaande no feewi e nder Afrik e dow yamiroore mum, tawi maayooji goɗɗi e nder diiwaan hee ina njippoo no feewi haa ɓadii yoorde e sahaa yooro. Ko goonga noon, tolno toɓo 900–1 200 mm (35–47 in) e hitaande ina yahdi no feewi. E nder dumunna ƴeewndo duuɓi 40, lewru ɓurndu famɗude ko 2 m3/s (71 cu ft/s) tawi lewru ɓurndu heewde ko 358 m3/s (12 600 cu ft/s) ko ɓuri heewde e lewru Seine to Pari.<ref>"GRDC - La Sota à Couberi". Retrieved 2008-03-04.</ref>
;Hakindo lewru Sota (m<sup>3</sup>/s (cu ft/s)) fotnoo ko to nokku hidrometrik Couberi. (Dowlaaji limtaaɗi ko ɓuri duuɓi 40)
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{{Databox}}
'''Sota''' ko maayo worgo leydi Benin, ngo rewata ko e departemaaji Borgou e Alibori. Ko caakol ummingol e maayo Niiseer, maayo Tassiné ina jeyaa e caallaaji maggo. Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e 250 km (160 miil) njuuteendi mum, ina waɗi 13 650 km2 (5 270 miil kaaree).<ref>"COUNTRY FILES – SIFRA BOOK 2 – BENIN". Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, FAO. Retrieved 2015-09-15.</ref>
== Geography ==
Sota oo ummoto ko worgo-fuɗnaange wuro Ndali e nder Departemaa Borgou. Maayo ngoo ina doga haa fuɗnaange-rewo-fuɗnaange, ina naata e maayo Niiseer to Malanville.
== Toɓo ==
* Toɓooli hitaande kala ina limtaa e nokkuuji keewɗi e nder weendu Sota :
* Segbana (caka-fuɗnaange-rewo maayo ngoo, sara keeri leydi Nijeer) : 1 177,4 mm (46,35 in) ina yaaji e nder balɗe 53.
* Kandi (caka-fuɗnaange weendu nduu) : 1 055,1 mm (41,54 in), ina yaaji e balɗe 80
* Malanville (to bannge worgo weendu nduu to nokku ɗo nde hawri e Niiseer) : 919,9 mm (36,22 in) e nder balɗe 53
Toɓooli keewɗi ina ngoodi e kala nokku tuggi lewru sulyee haa lewru suwee (boreal summer), ina addana ɗum ilam ɗam, kono ŋakkeende ndee ko yontaaji yooro tiiɗɗi tuggi lewru desaambar haa lewru abriil.<ref>"Scénarios de lutte contre les trypanosomes en Afrique occidentale (annexe 3 page 14) - 2001" (PDF) (in French). Retrieved 2008-03-04.</ref>
== Hidrometri ==
Doggol maayo ngoo ina teskaa fotde duuɓi 40 (1953–1992) to nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo e Couberi, sara ɗo ɗam hawrata e maayo Niiseer to Malanville.
To Couberi, moodel vursugol hitaande kala walla teskaama e nder oo zoo sahaa ko 31 m3/s (1 100 cu ft/s) wonande nokku ina teskaa 9 111 haa 13 410 km2 (3 518 haa 5 178 km2). Hakindo lewru teskaangu gila e lewru feebariyee haa e lewru abriil ko hakkunde 3,7–3,9 m3/s (130–140 cu ft/s), ko huunde teskaande no feewi e nder Afrik e dow yamiroore mum, tawi maayooji goɗɗi e nder diiwaan hee ina njippoo no feewi haa ɓadii yoorde e sahaa yooro. Ko goonga noon, tolno toɓo 900–1 200 mm (35–47 in) e hitaande ina yahdi no feewi. E nder dumunna ƴeewndo duuɓi 40, lewru ɓurndu famɗude ko 2 m3/s (71 cu ft/s) tawi lewru ɓurndu heewde ko 358 m3/s (12 600 cu ft/s) ko ɓuri heewde e lewru Seine to Pari.<ref>"GRDC - La Sota à Couberi". Retrieved 2008-03-04.</ref>
;Hakindo lewru Sota (m<sup>3</sup>/s (cu ft/s)) fotnoo ko to nokku hidrometrik Couberi. (Dowlaaji limtaaɗi ko ɓuri duuɓi 40)
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== Tuugnorgal ==
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Lake Ahemé
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Created page with "'''Lake Ahémé''' woni maayo ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo mawnude e nder leydi Benin, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 78 kiloomeeteer kaaree (30 miil kaaree) e sahaa yooro ngo ina yaaji haa 100 kiloomeeteer kaaree (39 miil kaaree) e sahaa toɓo.<ref name=":0">Dangbégnon, Constant (2000). Governing Local Commons: What Can be Learned from the Failures of Lake Aheme's Institutions in Benin?. Eighth Biennial Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property. Bl..."
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'''Lake Ahémé''' woni maayo ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo mawnude e nder leydi Benin, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 78 kiloomeeteer kaaree (30 miil kaaree) e sahaa yooro ngo ina yaaji haa 100 kiloomeeteer kaaree (39 miil kaaree) e sahaa toɓo.<ref name=":0">Dangbégnon, Constant (2000). Governing Local Commons: What Can be Learned from the Failures of Lake Aheme's Institutions in Benin?. Eighth Biennial Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property. Bloomington, Indiana.</ref> Njuuteeki maayo ngoo ina waɗi kiloomeeteeruuji 24 (15 mi) e njaajeendi mum ko 3,6 kiloomeeteer (2,2 mi).<ref name=":1">Hughes, R. H.; Hughes, J. S. (1992). A directory of African wetlands. IUCN. <nowiki>ISBN 2-88032-949-3</nowiki>.</ref> Maayo Couffo ina ilna e nder ŋorol worgo maayo ngoo, tawi noon ŋorol Aho ngol ina jokkondiri e ŋorol fuɗnaange maayo ngoo e ŋorol Grand-Popo to daande maayo Atlantik.<ref name=":0" /> Ndee ɗoo laawol ina ilna fuɗnaange e nder yontaaji ɓuuɓɗi kono ina wayla laawol e nder yontaaji yooro, ɗum noon ina addana ɓuuɓol e nder ŋoral maayo ngoo ɓeydaade.<ref name=":0" />
Pedah en e Ayizo en ko leƴƴi ɗiɗi mawɗi hoɗɓe e daande maayo Ahémé.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Houngnikpo, Mathurin C.; Decalo, Samuel (2013). Historical Dictionary of Benin. Rowman & Littlefield. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0810871717</nowiki>. Retrieved 28 July 2016.</ref> Liɗɗi e ndema ko golle faggudu ɓurɗe teeŋtude e nokku hee.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> E nder maayo ngoo, 71 mbaydi liɗɗi njiytaama.<ref name=":2">"Basse Vallée du Couffo, Lagune Côtiere, Chenal Aho, Lac Ahémé". Retrieved 28 July 2016.</ref><ref>"Présentation". Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2016</ref>
500 ektaar (117 000 ektaar) ina waɗi marseeji les Couffo, maayo Ahémé, kanaal Aho e laana ndiwoowa saraaji mum, toɗɗaa ko nokku Ramsar<ref name=":2" /> e nokku colli teeŋtuɗo.<ref>"Benin" (PDF). BirdLife International. Retrieved 28 July 2016.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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Maayo Nokoué
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Created page with "'''Maayo Nokoué''' ko weendu wonndu e bannge funnaange leydi Benin. Njaajeendi maggal ko 20 km (12 mi) e njuuteendi maggal ko 11 km (6,8 mi) e njaajeendi maggal ko 4 900 ha (12 000 ektaar).<ref name=":0">ATTI – MAMA, CYRIAQUE. "CO-MANAGEMENT IN CONTINENTAL FISHING IN BENIN: THE CASE OF LAKE NOKOUE" (PDF). Proceedings of the International Workshop on Fisheries Co-management. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-11-16. Retrieved 2016-11-16.</ref> Feccere e maayo ngo..."
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'''Maayo Nokoué''' ko weendu wonndu e bannge funnaange leydi Benin. Njaajeendi maggal ko 20 km (12 mi) e njuuteendi maggal ko 11 km (6,8 mi) e njaajeendi maggal ko 4 900 ha (12 000 ektaar).<ref name=":0">ATTI – MAMA, CYRIAQUE. "CO-MANAGEMENT IN CONTINENTAL FISHING IN BENIN: THE CASE OF LAKE NOKOUE" (PDF). Proceedings of the International Workshop on Fisheries Co-management. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-11-16. Retrieved 2016-11-16.</ref> Feccere e maayo ngoo ina ñamlee maayo Ouémé e maayo Sô, ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ina njuɓɓina ƴiye ummoriiɗe e diiwaan oo fof e nder maayo ngoo.<ref>Gadel, F.; Texier, H. (1986-06-01). "Distribution and nature of organic matter in recent sediments of Lake Nokoué, Benin (West Africa)". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 22 (6): 767–784. Bibcode:1986ECSS...22..767G. doi:10.1016/0272-7714(86)90098-3.</ref>
Wuro Cotonou jooɗii ko e keerol maayo ngoo to bannge worgo. Taƴe yimɓe Cotonou njippiima e ilam ɗam e nder maayo.[3] To bannge worgo maayo ngoo ko wuro wiyeteengo Ganvié woni.
== Sigga ==
Misiyoŋ mennonite e nder laana ndiwoowa, nannduka e ka liɗɗi artisaneeɓe nokku oo kuutortoo
Sabu kulle ladde keewɗe, maayo ngoo ina rokka ɗeen gure nokku keewɗo nguura e golle faggudu.[3] Liɗɗi ɓuri moƴƴude ko nde ndiyam ŋakki hakkunde noowammbar e lewru suwee.<ref name=":0" /> Liɗɗi ina keewi wonde 30 sifaa liɗɗi, tawi liɗɗi ummoriiɗi e galleeji Cichlid, Clupeidae e Penaeidae ina mbaɗa 85% e ko nanngaa koo.<ref name=":0" /> Liɗɗi ɗii ɓeydii tiiɗde e nder kitaale 1990, nde tawnoo yimɓe heewɓe puɗɗiima liɗɗi e maayo ngoo.<ref name=":0" /> Liɗɗi ko ɓuri heewde ko artisanal, e laanaaji tokoosi dugout crew ina nannga batte liɗɗi tokoosi.<ref name=":0" /> Liɗɗi ina limtaa e nder maayo ngoo ko tonngaade 2 ektaar e hitaande.[4]
Leydi ndii ina huutoree kadi ngam Acadja, sifaa nokku ɗo liɗɗi njibinata.<ref name=":0" />
== Hidrolooji ndiyam ==
Ladde ndee, e nder feccere mawnde, ko lagoon.[5] E nder topografiiji lesɗi taariiɗi ɗii, maayo ngoo ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydo fotde laabi ɗiɗi e ilam sabu waylo-waylo weeyo aduna hannde ngoo ina battina seeɗa-seeɗa e tolno geec.[3] Ndee ɗoo ƴellitaare ina addana en baasal salineede e yeeso, ko ɗum addanta maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam ɓeydaade ɓuuɓde, kadi ina waawi waylude ekkolosi mum.[3] Taƴe ceertuɗe e maayo ngoo ina mbayloo hannde hakkunde ekosistemaaji ndiyam laaɓɗam e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder luggiɗde 1,5 m (4 ft 11 in).<ref name=":0" /> Tampere no woorunoo e nder maayo ngoo fof ko hakkunde 27 e 29 °C (81 e 84 °F).[1]
Leydi ndii ko nokku ɗo mborosaaji e njamndiiji tedduɗi ummoriiɗi e gollorɗe dowri e hoɗorde aadee fof njiylotoo.[4] Hay so tawii pesticides ina tawee tan e liɗɗi tawa ina famɗi tookeeji,[4] njamndi teeŋtundi e nder ndiyam ina waawi yettaade tolnooji e nder liɗɗi ɗi cellaani wonande aadee e liɗɗi ɗii fof.
== Geoloji leydi ==
Leydi maayo ngo ko jillondiral ceene, ceene-ceene e laabi loope.<ref name=":0" />
== Ekoloji ==
Lake Nokoué ina waɗi ko famɗi fof 78 sifaa liɗɗi.[5] Heewɓe e mbaydiiji colli ina kuutoroo liɗɗi keewɗi ngam ñaamde, kam e mbaydiiji ƴiye.[5]
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'''Maayo Nokoué''' ko weendu wonndu e bannge funnaange leydi Benin. Njaajeendi maggal ko 20 km (12 mi) e njuuteendi maggal ko 11 km (6,8 mi) e njaajeendi maggal ko 4 900 ha (12 000 ektaar).<ref name=":0">ATTI – MAMA, CYRIAQUE. "CO-MANAGEMENT IN CONTINENTAL FISHING IN BENIN: THE CASE OF LAKE NOKOUE" (PDF). Proceedings of the International Workshop on Fisheries Co-management. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-11-16. Retrieved 2016-11-16.</ref> Feccere e maayo ngoo ina ñamlee maayo Ouémé e maayo Sô, ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ina njuɓɓina ƴiye ummoriiɗe e diiwaan oo fof e nder maayo ngoo.<ref>Gadel, F.; Texier, H. (1986-06-01). "Distribution and nature of organic matter in recent sediments of Lake Nokoué, Benin (West Africa)". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 22 (6): 767–784. Bibcode:1986ECSS...22..767G. doi:10.1016/0272-7714(86)90098-3.</ref>
Wuro Cotonou jooɗii ko e keerol maayo ngoo to bannge worgo. Taƴe yimɓe Cotonou njippiima e ilam ɗam e nder maayo.[3] To bannge worgo maayo ngoo ko wuro wiyeteengo Ganvié woni.
== Sigga ==
Misiyoŋ mennonite e nder laana ndiwoowa, nannduka e ka liɗɗi artisaneeɓe nokku oo kuutortoo
Sabu kulle ladde keewɗe, maayo ngoo ina rokka ɗeen gure nokku keewɗo nguura e golle faggudu.<ref name=":1">Yehouenou A Pazou, Elisabeth; Aléodjrodo, Patrick Edorh; Azehoun, Judicaël P.; van Straalen, Nico M.; van Hattum, Bert; Swart, Kees; van Gestel, Cornelis A. M. (2014-01-01). "Pesticide residues in sediments and aquatic species in Lake Nokoué and Cotonou Lagoon in the Republic of Bénin". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 186 (1): 77–86. doi:10.1007/s10661-013-3357-2. ISSN 1573-2959. <nowiki>PMID 23942697</nowiki>. S2CID 35119898.</ref> Liɗɗi ɓuri moƴƴude ko nde ndiyam ŋakki hakkunde noowammbar e lewru suwee.<ref name=":0" /> Liɗɗi ina keewi wonde 30 sifaa liɗɗi, tawi liɗɗi ummoriiɗi e galleeji Cichlid, Clupeidae e Penaeidae ina mbaɗa 85% e ko nanngaa koo.<ref name=":0" /> Liɗɗi ɗii ɓeydii tiiɗde e nder kitaale 1990, nde tawnoo yimɓe heewɓe puɗɗiima liɗɗi e maayo ngoo.<ref name=":0" /> Liɗɗi ko ɓuri heewde ko artisanal, e laanaaji tokoosi dugout crew ina nannga batte liɗɗi tokoosi.<ref name=":0" /> Liɗɗi ina limtaa e nder maayo ngoo ko tonngaade 2 ektaar e hitaande.<ref name=":1" />
Leydi ndii ina huutoree kadi ngam Acadja, sifaa nokku ɗo liɗɗi njibinata.<ref name=":0" />
== Hidrolooji ndiyam ==
Ladde ndee, e nder feccere mawnde, ko lagoon.<ref name=":2">Laudelout, A.; Libouis, R. (2008-04-15). "Chapter 12: On the feeding ecology of the pied kingfischer at Lake Nokoue, Benin. Is there competition with fishermen?". In Cowx, Ian G. (ed.). Interactions Between Fish and Birds: Implications for Management. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 165–177. <nowiki>ISBN 9780470995365</nowiki>.</ref> E nder topografiiji lesɗi taariiɗi ɗii, maayo ngoo ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydo fotde laabi ɗiɗi e ilam sabu waylo-waylo weeyo aduna hannde ngoo ina battina seeɗa-seeɗa e tolno geec.<ref>Bicknell, Jane; Dodman, David; Satterthwaite, David (2012-01-01). Adapting Cities to Climate Change: Understanding and Addressing the Development Challenges. Earthscan. pp. 120–122. <nowiki>ISBN 9781849770361</nowiki>.</ref> Ndee ɗoo ƴellitaare ina addana en baasal salineede e yeeso, ko ɗum addanta maayo ndiyam laaɓɗam ɓeydaade ɓuuɓde, kadi ina waawi waylude ekkolosi mum.[3] Taƴe ceertuɗe e maayo ngoo ina mbayloo hannde hakkunde ekosistemaaji ndiyam laaɓɗam e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder luggiɗde 1,5 m (4 ft 11 in).<ref name=":0" /> Tampere no woorunoo e nder maayo ngoo fof ko hakkunde 27 e 29 °C (81 e 84 °F).[1]
Leydi ndii ko nokku ɗo mborosaaji e njamndiiji tedduɗi ummoriiɗi e gollorɗe dowri e hoɗorde aadee fof njiylotoo.<ref>Yehouenou A Pazou, Elisabeth; Aléodjrodo, Patrick Edorh; Azehoun, Judicaël P.; van Straalen, Nico M.; van Hattum, Bert; Swart, Kees; van Gestel, Cornelis A. M. (2014-01-01). "Pesticide residues in sediments and aquatic species in Lake Nokoué and Cotonou Lagoon in the Republic of Bénin". ''Environmental Monitoring and Assessment''. '''186''' (1): 77–86. doi:10.1007/s10661-013-3357-2. ISSN 1573-2959. <nowiki>PMID 23942697</nowiki>. S2CID 35119898.</ref> Hay so tawii pesticides ina tawee tan e liɗɗi tawa ina famɗi tookeeji,<ref>Yehouenou A Pazou, Elisabeth; Aléodjrodo, Patrick Edorh; Azehoun, Judicaël P.; van Straalen, Nico M.; van Hattum, Bert; Swart, Kees; van Gestel, Cornelis A. M. (2014-01-01). "Pesticide residues in sediments and aquatic species in Lake Nokoué and Cotonou Lagoon in the Republic of Bénin". ''Environmental Monitoring and Assessment''. '''186''' (1): 77–86. doi:10.1007/s10661-013-3357-2. ISSN 1573-2959. <nowiki>PMID 23942697</nowiki>. S2CID 35119898.</ref> njamndi teeŋtundi e nder ndiyam ina waawi yettaade tolnooji e nder liɗɗi ɗi cellaani wonande aadee e liɗɗi ɗii fof.
== Geoloji leydi ==
Leydi maayo ngo ko jillondiral ceene, ceene-ceene e laabi loope.<ref name=":0" />
== Ekoloji ==
Lake Nokoué ina waɗi ko famɗi fof 78 sifaa liɗɗi.<ref>Laudelout, A.; Libouis, R. (2008-04-15). "Chapter 12: On the feeding ecology of the pied kingfischer at Lake Nokoue, Benin. Is there competition with fishermen?". In Cowx, Ian G. (ed.). ''Interactions Between Fish and Birds: Implications for Management''. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 165–177. ISBN <bdi>9780470995365</bdi>.</ref> Heewɓe e mbaydiiji colli ina kuutoroo liɗɗi keewɗi ngam ñaamde, kam e mbaydiiji ƴiye.<ref name=":2" />
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Linda Kirton (jibinaa ko ñalnde 10 marse 1948) ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe Kanadaa, ummoriiɗo to Abbotsford, to Kolommbi. O janngii Hunaare Jaagorgal e nder Pijirlooji Paralimpik Vancouver 2010, e bannge Hervé Lord ngam Hunaare Atletee en.
Kirton ko curler fotde duuɓi 40, hade mum wontude gardiiɗo curling e darorɗe kitaale 1990.
Kirton ko tergal e fedde Abbotsford Curling Club, ɗo o naatnaa e tergal teddungal e nder nguurndam makko e hitaande 2006. O ardii e kewuuji keewɗi e nder leydi ndii, haa arti noon e kawgel winnderewal 2002. E hitaande 2003, o ardii kawgel Kanadaa to bannge curling mixte. Ko kanko wonnoo mawɗo arbiter e kawgel winnderewal curling to Siwis e hitaande 2008. E nder Paralimpik 2010, ko kanko wonnoo balloowo mawɗo arbiter e kawgel curling e koɗorɗe.[1]
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Linda Kirton (jibinaa ko ñalnde 10 marse 1948) ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe Kanadaa, ummoriiɗo to Abbotsford, to Kolommbi. O janngii Hunaare Jaagorgal e nder Pijirlooji Paralimpik Vancouver 2010, e bannge Hervé Lord ngam Hunaare Atletee en.
Kirton ko curler fotde duuɓi 40, hade mum wontude gardiiɗo curling e darorɗe kitaale 1990.
Kirton ko tergal e fedde Abbotsford Curling Club, ɗo o naatnaa e tergal teddungal e nder nguurndam makko e hitaande 2006. O ardii e kewuuji keewɗi e nder leydi ndii, haa arti noon e kawgel winnderewal 2002. E hitaande 2003, o ardii kawgel Kanadaa to bannge curling mixte. Ko kanko wonnoo mawɗo arbiter e kawgel winnderewal curling to Siwis e hitaande 2008. E nder Paralimpik 2010, ko kanko wonnoo balloowo mawɗo arbiter e kawgel curling e koɗorɗe.[1]
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'''Linda Kirton''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 10 marse 1948) ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe Kanadaa, ummoriiɗo to Abbotsford, to Kolommbi. O janngii Hunaare Jaagorgal e nder Pijirlooji Paralimpik Vancouver 2010, e bannge Hervé Lord ngam Hunaare Atletee en.
Kirton ko curler fotde duuɓi 40, hade mum wontude gardiiɗo curling e darorɗe kitaale 1990.
Kirton ko tergal e fedde Abbotsford Curling Club, ɗo o naatnaa e tergal teddungal e nder nguurndam makko e hitaande 2006. O ardii e kewuuji keewɗi e nder leydi ndii, haa arti noon e kawgel winnderewal 2002. E hitaande 2003, o ardii kawgel Kanadaa to bannge curling mixte. Ko kanko wonnoo mawɗo arbiter e kawgel winnderewal curling to Siwis e hitaande 2008. E nder Paralimpik 2010, ko kanko wonnoo balloowo mawɗo arbiter e kawgel curling e koɗorɗe.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Linda Kirton''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 10 marse 1948) ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe Kanadaa, ummoriiɗo to Abbotsford, to Kolommbi. O janngii Hunaare Jaagorgal e nder Pijirlooji Paralimpik Vancouver 2010, e bannge Hervé Lord ngam Hunaare Atletee en.<ref name="vancouver">[http://www.bclocalnews.com/fraser_valley/abbynews/news/87003992.html Abby curl official to read Paralympic oath] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312090917/http://www.bclocalnews.com/fraser_valley/abbynews/news/87003992.html|date=2010-03-12}}, AbbyNews.com, March 8, 2010</ref>
Kirton ko curler fotde duuɓi 40, hade mum wontude gardiiɗo curling e darorɗe kitaale 1990.
Kirton ko tergal e fedde Abbotsford Curling Club, ɗo o naatnaa e tergal teddungal e nder nguurndam makko e hitaande 2006. O ardii e kewuuji keewɗi e nder leydi ndii, haa arti noon e kawgel winnderewal 2002. E hitaande 2003, o ardii kawgel Kanadaa to bannge curling mixte. Ko kanko wonnoo mawɗo arbiter e kawgel winnderewal curling to Siwis e hitaande 2008. E nder Paralimpik 2010, ko kanko wonnoo balloowo mawɗo arbiter e kawgel curling e koɗorɗe.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Linda Kirton''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 10 marse 1948) ko gardiiɗo jaagorɗe Kanadaa, ummoriiɗo to Abbotsford, to Kolommbi. O janngii Hunaare Jaagorgal e nder Pijirlooji Paralimpik Vancouver 2010, e bannge Hervé Lord ngam Hunaare Atletee en.<ref name="vancouver">[http://www.bclocalnews.com/fraser_valley/abbynews/news/87003992.html Abby curl official to read Paralympic oath] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312090917/http://www.bclocalnews.com/fraser_valley/abbynews/news/87003992.html|date=2010-03-12}}, AbbyNews.com, March 8, 2010</ref>
Kirton ko curler fotde duuɓi 40, hade mum wontude gardiiɗo curling e darorɗe kitaale 1990.<ref>[http://www.tourismabbotsford.ca/index.php?page_id=157 Curling - Athlete Profile], Sport Town Canada</ref><ref name="vancouver2" />
Kirton ko tergal e fedde Abbotsford Curling Club, ɗo o naatnaa e tergal teddungal e nder nguurndam makko e hitaande 2006. O ardii e kewuuji keewɗi e nder leydi ndii, haa arti noon e kawgel winnderewal 2002. E hitaande 2003, o ardii kawgel Kanadaa to bannge curling mixte. Ko kanko wonnoo mawɗo arbiter e kawgel winnderewal curling to Siwis e hitaande 2008. E nder Paralimpik 2010, ko kanko wonnoo balloowo mawɗo arbiter e kawgel curling e koɗorɗe.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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Created page with "'''Dam Itezhi-Tezhi''' to maayo Kafue to hirnaange-caka Zambie mahiraa ko hakkunde 1974 e 1977 to Itezhi-Tezhi Gap, e nder ŋoral tufɗe ɗo maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnoo e falnde juutnde, ardi e yaajde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi anndiraaɗi Kafue. Wuro Itezhi-Tezhi woni ko bannge fuɗnaange baraas oo. == Dimensiyonji e faandaare == Baraas oo ina jogii tooweeki 62 meeter (203 ft), njuuteendi ŋoral mum ko 1 800 meeter (5 900 ft) ina waɗi kadi ɓuuɓol 390 kiloomeeteer kaaree (150 miil..."
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'''Dam Itezhi-Tezhi''' to maayo Kafue to hirnaange-caka Zambie mahiraa ko hakkunde 1974 e 1977 to Itezhi-Tezhi Gap, e nder ŋoral tufɗe ɗo maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnoo e falnde juutnde, ardi e yaajde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi anndiraaɗi Kafue. Wuro Itezhi-Tezhi woni ko bannge fuɗnaange baraas oo.
== Dimensiyonji e faandaare ==
Baraas oo ina jogii tooweeki 62 meeter (203 ft), njuuteendi ŋoral mum ko 1 800 meeter (5 900 ft) ina waɗi kadi ɓuuɓol 390 kiloomeeteer kaaree (150 miil kaaree), ina ɓuuɓna feccere e nokku biyeteeɗo Kafue National Park.
Faandaare baraas oo gadano ko mooftude ndiyam ngam huutoraade semmbe toowɗo Kafue Gorge ko ɓuri 260 kiloomeeteer (160 mi) dow maayo. Maayo Kafue, hono no ko ɓuri heewde e Afrik fuɗnaange-rewo nii, ina jogii mbayliigu mawngu no feewi e sahaaji, ina ɓuuɓna e sahaa toɓo, ina leeltina haa ma a taw ko capanɗe jeegom (20%) e tolno nguleeki ɓurtuki e joofnirde sahaa yooro. Heɓde doole noon ina ɗaɓɓi doggol tiiɗngol, ngol waawataa heɓtineede tan ko e jogaade lowre mawnde ngam mooftude ilam ɗam ngam huutoraade e yontaaji yooro. To Gorge Kafue, topografi oo haɗataa ɓuuɓol mawngol no feewi waɗde. Ko ɗum waɗi, peewnitooɓe baraas oo njoginoo miijo waɗde ɓuuɓri mawndi ndii to Itezhi-Tezhi, e yaltinde ndiyam ɗam e nder ɓuuɓri doolnundi dow maayo ngoo e saraaji Kafue Flats haa e baraas Kafue Gorge.[1]
=== Stasiyoŋ kuuraa ===
Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2011 e wertallo 120 megawatt (160 000 hp) to baraas Itezhi-Tezhi, fotnoo ko joofde e hitaande 2015. Ko 250 miliyoŋ dolaar woni wertallo ngoo, ko sosiyetee Itezhi Tezhi Power (ITPC), sosiyatee laamuyankeewo Zambian, TESCOw e ZESCOw ko fedde wiyeteende Tata Group mo leydi Indiya. Kontraktoor innjiniyaaruuji, soodgol e mahngo (EPC) ko Sinohydro, sosiyetee Siin, jeyaaɗo e laamu, ko faati e innjiniyaaruuji e mahngo ndiyam, tawi ko Alstom rokkata turbineeji ɗiɗi Kaplan 60MW.[2]
E hitaande 2014, Banke Ƴellitaare Afrik (AfDB), Banke Ƴellitaare Holannda FMO, Banke Ƴellitaare Afrik worgo (DBSA) e Propaco Farayse ndokki laamu Zambie ñamaande fotde 142 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam yoɓde ko ina tolnoo e feccere e njoɓdi eɓɓaande ndee.[3] Koolol ngol fuɗɗii golle mum haa timmi e lewru feebariyee 2016.[4]
== Batte nokkuuji e dow ŋoral maayo Kafue ==
Ekosistem Kafue Flats ina yahdi e ɓuuɓri keeriindi e yooro. Ilam ina ɓuuɓna leydi ndii e ndiyam. Liɗɗi e daabaaji ina mbaawi lummbaade walla ɓuuɓde, ina mballita e sarde ñamri, so ndiyam ɗam ɓuuɓtii, huɗo ina mawna no feewi, ina jogoo ñaamooɓe huɗo ko wayi no buubaaji, lechwe, e jawdi. Taƴre dumunna tagoore ndee ina jokki e leɗɗe, liɗɗi, e daabaaji, nde tawnoo ɗe mbayliima no feewi e ɓuuɓri marse–abriil e nder ñamri e jibinannde majji. Heewɓe e hoɗɓe e nokku hee ina ngummoo e koɗki mum en hitaande kala ngam waawde haɓaade mbaydi ilam.[6]
Baraas oo ina itta ɓuuɓri ilam e ɓuuɓri ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e sahaa yooro. Ina usta mbayliigu dumunnaaji tawaaɗi e ɓuuɓri maayo.[7] Diisneteeve ve njiziino wonde baraas oo ina ‘uddita dame ilam’ e nder dumunna lewru marse, tawa ina addana 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (11 000 cu ft/s) ngam ɓuuɓnude Flats Kafue ngam hisnude cirkooji tago. Kono noon ɗum waɗaani e golle, teeŋti noon nde tawnoo lowre ndee alaa ndiyam keewɗam e sahaaji potɗi ngam weeɓtinde ngalɗoo daawal. Ɗaɓɓaande semmbe kuuraa ɓuri teeŋtude, ɗum noon, e toɓooli ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi gila 1990, haɗi baraas oo yaltinde ndiyam e tolnooji ɗi njiɗnoo-ɗen yaltude ɗii.
Dam Itezhi-Tezhi waɗii batte ekkolosi nokkuure nde Kafue Flats e ɗeeɗoo laabi:[6]
* Peewnugol liɗɗi ina ustii no feewi ;
* Kulle ladde, ko wayi no Lechwe, e Sitatunga, tuugiiɗe e sahaa keeriiɗo e njaajeendi ilam e nder nokkuuji mum en jibinannde, ina njogii jikkuuji jibinannde mum en, ɗum addani ustaare yimɓe ;
* E nder yontaaji yooro, keewal huɗo ngam durnude ina usta wonande kullon ladde e jawdi, kadi leɗɗe ina njillondiri e huɗo e dow ŋoral ;
* Ina woodi ŋakkeende laaɓal e sahaa nde ilam waɗata, ɗum noon ina jiiɓa koɗkiiji aadaaji aadee en.
Toɓooli 2003/4 ɓuri teeŋtude ko e leydi Sammbi. Batte yaltugol baraas Itezhi-Tezhi e nder ndeeɗoo yontere ina kollitaa e fotooje NASA gonɗe dow ɗee. E wiyde lowre NASA, e lewru suwee 2004 nanondiral waɗaama e sosiyetee kuuraa ndiyam ngam artirde ndiyam yaltuɗam e baraasuuji ɗii fawaade e njuɓɓudi ilam ɓurndi nafoore, ina sikkaa ko e jokkude e anniya gadano oo, ko 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (11,000).
== Tuugnorgal ==
lq0ohd4ipk0ucmwlegkm2segvx9z49m
173682
173680
2026-06-17T08:42:52Z
Nnamadee
11577
173682
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Dam Itezhi-Tezhi''' to maayo Kafue to hirnaange-caka Zambie mahiraa ko hakkunde 1974 e 1977 to Itezhi-Tezhi Gap, e nder ŋoral tufɗe ɗo maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnoo e falnde juutnde, ardi e yaajde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi anndiraaɗi Kafue. Wuro Itezhi-Tezhi woni ko bannge fuɗnaange baraas oo.
== Dimensiyonji e faandaare ==
Baraas oo ina jogii tooweeki 62 meeter (203 ft), njuuteendi ŋoral mum ko 1 800 meeter (5 900 ft) ina waɗi kadi ɓuuɓol 390 kiloomeeteer kaaree (150 miil kaaree), ina ɓuuɓna feccere e nokku biyeteeɗo Kafue National Park.
Faandaare baraas oo gadano ko mooftude ndiyam ngam huutoraade semmbe toowɗo Kafue Gorge ko ɓuri 260 kiloomeeteer (160 mi) dow maayo. Maayo Kafue, hono no ko ɓuri heewde e Afrik fuɗnaange-rewo nii, ina jogii mbayliigu mawngu no feewi e sahaaji, ina ɓuuɓna e sahaa toɓo, ina leeltina haa ma a taw ko capanɗe jeegom (20%) e tolno nguleeki ɓurtuki e joofnirde sahaa yooro. Heɓde doole noon ina ɗaɓɓi doggol tiiɗngol, ngol waawataa heɓtineede tan ko e jogaade lowre mawnde ngam mooftude ilam ɗam ngam huutoraade e yontaaji yooro. To Gorge Kafue, topografi oo haɗataa ɓuuɓol mawngol no feewi waɗde. Ko ɗum waɗi, peewnitooɓe baraas oo njoginoo miijo waɗde ɓuuɓri mawndi ndii to Itezhi-Tezhi, e yaltinde ndiyam ɗam e nder ɓuuɓri doolnundi dow maayo ngoo e saraaji Kafue Flats haa e baraas Kafue Gorge.<ref>Zesco: "History of Itezhi-Tezhi" Archived 2005-09-07 at the Wayback Machine website accessed 1 March 2007.</ref>
=== Stasiyoŋ kuuraa ===
Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2011 e wertallo 120 megawatt (160 000 hp) to baraas Itezhi-Tezhi, fotnoo ko joofde e hitaande 2015. Ko 250 miliyoŋ dolaar woni wertallo ngoo, ko sosiyetee Itezhi Tezhi Power (ITPC), sosiyatee laamuyankeewo Zambian, TESCOw e ZESCOw ko fedde wiyeteende Tata Group mo leydi Indiya. Kontraktoor innjiniyaaruuji, soodgol e mahngo (EPC) ko Sinohydro, sosiyetee Siin, jeyaaɗo e laamu, ko faati e innjiniyaaruuji e mahngo ndiyam, tawi ko Alstom rokkata turbineeji ɗiɗi Kaplan 60MW.[2]
E hitaande 2014, Banke Ƴellitaare Afrik (AfDB), Banke Ƴellitaare Holannda FMO, Banke Ƴellitaare Afrik worgo (DBSA) e Propaco Farayse ndokki laamu Zambie ñamaande fotde 142 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam yoɓde ko ina tolnoo e feccere e njoɓdi eɓɓaande ndee.[3] Koolol ngol fuɗɗii golle mum haa timmi e lewru feebariyee 2016.[4]
== Batte nokkuuji e dow ŋoral maayo Kafue ==
Ekosistem Kafue Flats ina yahdi e ɓuuɓri keeriindi e yooro. Ilam ina ɓuuɓna leydi ndii e ndiyam. Liɗɗi e daabaaji ina mbaawi lummbaade walla ɓuuɓde, ina mballita e sarde ñamri, so ndiyam ɗam ɓuuɓtii, huɗo ina mawna no feewi, ina jogoo ñaamooɓe huɗo ko wayi no buubaaji, lechwe, e jawdi. Taƴre dumunna tagoore ndee ina jokki e leɗɗe, liɗɗi, e daabaaji, nde tawnoo ɗe mbayliima no feewi e ɓuuɓri marse–abriil e nder ñamri e jibinannde majji. Heewɓe e hoɗɓe e nokku hee ina ngummoo e koɗki mum en hitaande kala ngam waawde haɓaade mbaydi ilam.[6]
Baraas oo ina itta ɓuuɓri ilam e ɓuuɓri ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e sahaa yooro. Ina usta mbayliigu dumunnaaji tawaaɗi e ɓuuɓri maayo.[7] Diisneteeve ve njiziino wonde baraas oo ina ‘uddita dame ilam’ e nder dumunna lewru marse, tawa ina addana 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (11 000 cu ft/s) ngam ɓuuɓnude Flats Kafue ngam hisnude cirkooji tago. Kono noon ɗum waɗaani e golle, teeŋti noon nde tawnoo lowre ndee alaa ndiyam keewɗam e sahaaji potɗi ngam weeɓtinde ngalɗoo daawal. Ɗaɓɓaande semmbe kuuraa ɓuri teeŋtude, ɗum noon, e toɓooli ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi gila 1990, haɗi baraas oo yaltinde ndiyam e tolnooji ɗi njiɗnoo-ɗen yaltude ɗii.
Dam Itezhi-Tezhi waɗii batte ekkolosi nokkuure nde Kafue Flats e ɗeeɗoo laabi:[6]
* Peewnugol liɗɗi ina ustii no feewi ;
* Kulle ladde, ko wayi no Lechwe, e Sitatunga, tuugiiɗe e sahaa keeriiɗo e njaajeendi ilam e nder nokkuuji mum en jibinannde, ina njogii jikkuuji jibinannde mum en, ɗum addani ustaare yimɓe ;
* E nder yontaaji yooro, keewal huɗo ngam durnude ina usta wonande kullon ladde e jawdi, kadi leɗɗe ina njillondiri e huɗo e dow ŋoral ;
* Ina woodi ŋakkeende laaɓal e sahaa nde ilam waɗata, ɗum noon ina jiiɓa koɗkiiji aadaaji aadee en.
Toɓooli 2003/4 ɓuri teeŋtude ko e leydi Sammbi. Batte yaltugol baraas Itezhi-Tezhi e nder ndeeɗoo yontere ina kollitaa e fotooje NASA gonɗe dow ɗee. E wiyde lowre NASA, e lewru suwee 2004 nanondiral waɗaama e sosiyetee kuuraa ndiyam ngam artirde ndiyam yaltuɗam e baraasuuji ɗii fawaade e njuɓɓudi ilam ɓurndi nafoore, ina sikkaa ko e jokkude e anniya gadano oo, ko 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (11,000).
== Tuugnorgal ==
1gdhpcf1uetn62203xm2wfbw7we0imq
173684
173682
2026-06-17T08:43:16Z
Nnamadee
11577
173684
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Dam Itezhi-Tezhi''' to maayo Kafue to hirnaange-caka Zambie mahiraa ko hakkunde 1974 e 1977 to Itezhi-Tezhi Gap, e nder ŋoral tufɗe ɗo maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnoo e falnde juutnde, ardi e yaajde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi anndiraaɗi Kafue. Wuro Itezhi-Tezhi woni ko bannge fuɗnaange baraas oo.
== Dimensiyonji e faandaare ==
Baraas oo ina jogii tooweeki 62 meeter (203 ft), njuuteendi ŋoral mum ko 1 800 meeter (5 900 ft) ina waɗi kadi ɓuuɓol 390 kiloomeeteer kaaree (150 miil kaaree), ina ɓuuɓna feccere e nokku biyeteeɗo Kafue National Park.
Faandaare baraas oo gadano ko mooftude ndiyam ngam huutoraade semmbe toowɗo Kafue Gorge ko ɓuri 260 kiloomeeteer (160 mi) dow maayo. Maayo Kafue, hono no ko ɓuri heewde e Afrik fuɗnaange-rewo nii, ina jogii mbayliigu mawngu no feewi e sahaaji, ina ɓuuɓna e sahaa toɓo, ina leeltina haa ma a taw ko capanɗe jeegom (20%) e tolno nguleeki ɓurtuki e joofnirde sahaa yooro. Heɓde doole noon ina ɗaɓɓi doggol tiiɗngol, ngol waawataa heɓtineede tan ko e jogaade lowre mawnde ngam mooftude ilam ɗam ngam huutoraade e yontaaji yooro. To Gorge Kafue, topografi oo haɗataa ɓuuɓol mawngol no feewi waɗde. Ko ɗum waɗi, peewnitooɓe baraas oo njoginoo miijo waɗde ɓuuɓri mawndi ndii to Itezhi-Tezhi, e yaltinde ndiyam ɗam e nder ɓuuɓri doolnundi dow maayo ngoo e saraaji Kafue Flats haa e baraas Kafue Gorge.<ref>Zesco: "History of Itezhi-Tezhi" Archived 2005-09-07 at the Wayback Machine website accessed 1 March 2007.</ref>
=== Stasiyoŋ kuuraa ===
Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2011 e wertallo 120 megawatt (160 000 hp) to baraas Itezhi-Tezhi, fotnoo ko joofde e hitaande 2015. Ko 250 miliyoŋ dolaar woni wertallo ngoo, ko sosiyetee Itezhi Tezhi Power (ITPC), sosiyatee laamuyankeewo Zambian, TESCOw e ZESCOw ko fedde wiyeteende Tata Group mo leydi Indiya. Kontraktoor innjiniyaaruuji, soodgol e mahngo (EPC) ko Sinohydro, sosiyetee Siin, jeyaaɗo e laamu, ko faati e innjiniyaaruuji e mahngo ndiyam, tawi ko Alstom rokkata turbineeji ɗiɗi Kaplan 60MW.<ref>"Alstom wins bid for Zambia's Itezhi-Tezhi hydropower plant". Hydro World.</ref>
E hitaande 2014, Banke Ƴellitaare Afrik (AfDB), Banke Ƴellitaare Holannda FMO, Banke Ƴellitaare Afrik worgo (DBSA) e Propaco Farayse ndokki laamu Zambie ñamaande fotde 142 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam yoɓde ko ina tolnoo e feccere e njoɓdi eɓɓaande ndee.[3] Koolol ngol fuɗɗii golle mum haa timmi e lewru feebariyee 2016.[4]
== Batte nokkuuji e dow ŋoral maayo Kafue ==
Ekosistem Kafue Flats ina yahdi e ɓuuɓri keeriindi e yooro. Ilam ina ɓuuɓna leydi ndii e ndiyam. Liɗɗi e daabaaji ina mbaawi lummbaade walla ɓuuɓde, ina mballita e sarde ñamri, so ndiyam ɗam ɓuuɓtii, huɗo ina mawna no feewi, ina jogoo ñaamooɓe huɗo ko wayi no buubaaji, lechwe, e jawdi. Taƴre dumunna tagoore ndee ina jokki e leɗɗe, liɗɗi, e daabaaji, nde tawnoo ɗe mbayliima no feewi e ɓuuɓri marse–abriil e nder ñamri e jibinannde majji. Heewɓe e hoɗɓe e nokku hee ina ngummoo e koɗki mum en hitaande kala ngam waawde haɓaade mbaydi ilam.[6]
Baraas oo ina itta ɓuuɓri ilam e ɓuuɓri ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e sahaa yooro. Ina usta mbayliigu dumunnaaji tawaaɗi e ɓuuɓri maayo.[7] Diisneteeve ve njiziino wonde baraas oo ina ‘uddita dame ilam’ e nder dumunna lewru marse, tawa ina addana 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (11 000 cu ft/s) ngam ɓuuɓnude Flats Kafue ngam hisnude cirkooji tago. Kono noon ɗum waɗaani e golle, teeŋti noon nde tawnoo lowre ndee alaa ndiyam keewɗam e sahaaji potɗi ngam weeɓtinde ngalɗoo daawal. Ɗaɓɓaande semmbe kuuraa ɓuri teeŋtude, ɗum noon, e toɓooli ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi gila 1990, haɗi baraas oo yaltinde ndiyam e tolnooji ɗi njiɗnoo-ɗen yaltude ɗii.
Dam Itezhi-Tezhi waɗii batte ekkolosi nokkuure nde Kafue Flats e ɗeeɗoo laabi:[6]
* Peewnugol liɗɗi ina ustii no feewi ;
* Kulle ladde, ko wayi no Lechwe, e Sitatunga, tuugiiɗe e sahaa keeriiɗo e njaajeendi ilam e nder nokkuuji mum en jibinannde, ina njogii jikkuuji jibinannde mum en, ɗum addani ustaare yimɓe ;
* E nder yontaaji yooro, keewal huɗo ngam durnude ina usta wonande kullon ladde e jawdi, kadi leɗɗe ina njillondiri e huɗo e dow ŋoral ;
* Ina woodi ŋakkeende laaɓal e sahaa nde ilam waɗata, ɗum noon ina jiiɓa koɗkiiji aadaaji aadee en.
Toɓooli 2003/4 ɓuri teeŋtude ko e leydi Sammbi. Batte yaltugol baraas Itezhi-Tezhi e nder ndeeɗoo yontere ina kollitaa e fotooje NASA gonɗe dow ɗee. E wiyde lowre NASA, e lewru suwee 2004 nanondiral waɗaama e sosiyetee kuuraa ndiyam ngam artirde ndiyam yaltuɗam e baraasuuji ɗii fawaade e njuɓɓudi ilam ɓurndi nafoore, ina sikkaa ko e jokkude e anniya gadano oo, ko 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (11,000).
== Tuugnorgal ==
hf392nnnwplq19ckol8n18do9k49pm3
173685
173684
2026-06-17T08:43:48Z
Nnamadee
11577
173685
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Dam Itezhi-Tezhi''' to maayo Kafue to hirnaange-caka Zambie mahiraa ko hakkunde 1974 e 1977 to Itezhi-Tezhi Gap, e nder ŋoral tufɗe ɗo maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnoo e falnde juutnde, ardi e yaajde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi anndiraaɗi Kafue. Wuro Itezhi-Tezhi woni ko bannge fuɗnaange baraas oo.
== Dimensiyonji e faandaare ==
Baraas oo ina jogii tooweeki 62 meeter (203 ft), njuuteendi ŋoral mum ko 1 800 meeter (5 900 ft) ina waɗi kadi ɓuuɓol 390 kiloomeeteer kaaree (150 miil kaaree), ina ɓuuɓna feccere e nokku biyeteeɗo Kafue National Park.
Faandaare baraas oo gadano ko mooftude ndiyam ngam huutoraade semmbe toowɗo Kafue Gorge ko ɓuri 260 kiloomeeteer (160 mi) dow maayo. Maayo Kafue, hono no ko ɓuri heewde e Afrik fuɗnaange-rewo nii, ina jogii mbayliigu mawngu no feewi e sahaaji, ina ɓuuɓna e sahaa toɓo, ina leeltina haa ma a taw ko capanɗe jeegom (20%) e tolno nguleeki ɓurtuki e joofnirde sahaa yooro. Heɓde doole noon ina ɗaɓɓi doggol tiiɗngol, ngol waawataa heɓtineede tan ko e jogaade lowre mawnde ngam mooftude ilam ɗam ngam huutoraade e yontaaji yooro. To Gorge Kafue, topografi oo haɗataa ɓuuɓol mawngol no feewi waɗde. Ko ɗum waɗi, peewnitooɓe baraas oo njoginoo miijo waɗde ɓuuɓri mawndi ndii to Itezhi-Tezhi, e yaltinde ndiyam ɗam e nder ɓuuɓri doolnundi dow maayo ngoo e saraaji Kafue Flats haa e baraas Kafue Gorge.<ref>Zesco: "History of Itezhi-Tezhi" Archived 2005-09-07 at the Wayback Machine website accessed 1 March 2007.</ref>
=== Stasiyoŋ kuuraa ===
Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2011 e wertallo 120 megawatt (160 000 hp) to baraas Itezhi-Tezhi, fotnoo ko joofde e hitaande 2015. Ko 250 miliyoŋ dolaar woni wertallo ngoo, ko sosiyetee Itezhi Tezhi Power (ITPC), sosiyatee laamuyankeewo Zambian, TESCOw e ZESCOw ko fedde wiyeteende Tata Group mo leydi Indiya. Kontraktoor innjiniyaaruuji, soodgol e mahngo (EPC) ko Sinohydro, sosiyetee Siin, jeyaaɗo e laamu, ko faati e innjiniyaaruuji e mahngo ndiyam, tawi ko Alstom rokkata turbineeji ɗiɗi Kaplan 60MW.<ref>"Alstom wins bid for Zambia's Itezhi-Tezhi hydropower plant". Hydro World.</ref>
E hitaande 2014, Banke Ƴellitaare Afrik (AfDB), Banke Ƴellitaare Holannda FMO, Banke Ƴellitaare Afrik worgo (DBSA) e Propaco Farayse ndokki laamu Zambie ñamaande fotde 142 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam yoɓde ko ina tolnoo e feccere e njoɓdi eɓɓaande ndee.<ref>"Zambia Signs Energy Sector Agreement for Itezhi Tezhi Power Generation Project". The African Development Bank.</ref> Koolol ngol fuɗɗii golle mum haa timmi e lewru feebariyee 2016.[4]
== Batte nokkuuji e dow ŋoral maayo Kafue ==
Ekosistem Kafue Flats ina yahdi e ɓuuɓri keeriindi e yooro. Ilam ina ɓuuɓna leydi ndii e ndiyam. Liɗɗi e daabaaji ina mbaawi lummbaade walla ɓuuɓde, ina mballita e sarde ñamri, so ndiyam ɗam ɓuuɓtii, huɗo ina mawna no feewi, ina jogoo ñaamooɓe huɗo ko wayi no buubaaji, lechwe, e jawdi. Taƴre dumunna tagoore ndee ina jokki e leɗɗe, liɗɗi, e daabaaji, nde tawnoo ɗe mbayliima no feewi e ɓuuɓri marse–abriil e nder ñamri e jibinannde majji. Heewɓe e hoɗɓe e nokku hee ina ngummoo e koɗki mum en hitaande kala ngam waawde haɓaade mbaydi ilam.[6]
Baraas oo ina itta ɓuuɓri ilam e ɓuuɓri ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e sahaa yooro. Ina usta mbayliigu dumunnaaji tawaaɗi e ɓuuɓri maayo.[7] Diisneteeve ve njiziino wonde baraas oo ina ‘uddita dame ilam’ e nder dumunna lewru marse, tawa ina addana 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (11 000 cu ft/s) ngam ɓuuɓnude Flats Kafue ngam hisnude cirkooji tago. Kono noon ɗum waɗaani e golle, teeŋti noon nde tawnoo lowre ndee alaa ndiyam keewɗam e sahaaji potɗi ngam weeɓtinde ngalɗoo daawal. Ɗaɓɓaande semmbe kuuraa ɓuri teeŋtude, ɗum noon, e toɓooli ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi gila 1990, haɗi baraas oo yaltinde ndiyam e tolnooji ɗi njiɗnoo-ɗen yaltude ɗii.
Dam Itezhi-Tezhi waɗii batte ekkolosi nokkuure nde Kafue Flats e ɗeeɗoo laabi:[6]
* Peewnugol liɗɗi ina ustii no feewi ;
* Kulle ladde, ko wayi no Lechwe, e Sitatunga, tuugiiɗe e sahaa keeriiɗo e njaajeendi ilam e nder nokkuuji mum en jibinannde, ina njogii jikkuuji jibinannde mum en, ɗum addani ustaare yimɓe ;
* E nder yontaaji yooro, keewal huɗo ngam durnude ina usta wonande kullon ladde e jawdi, kadi leɗɗe ina njillondiri e huɗo e dow ŋoral ;
* Ina woodi ŋakkeende laaɓal e sahaa nde ilam waɗata, ɗum noon ina jiiɓa koɗkiiji aadaaji aadee en.
Toɓooli 2003/4 ɓuri teeŋtude ko e leydi Sammbi. Batte yaltugol baraas Itezhi-Tezhi e nder ndeeɗoo yontere ina kollitaa e fotooje NASA gonɗe dow ɗee. E wiyde lowre NASA, e lewru suwee 2004 nanondiral waɗaama e sosiyetee kuuraa ndiyam ngam artirde ndiyam yaltuɗam e baraasuuji ɗii fawaade e njuɓɓudi ilam ɓurndi nafoore, ina sikkaa ko e jokkude e anniya gadano oo, ko 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (11,000).
== Tuugnorgal ==
32gg4ue5qo6shtcjbzepabf4ahia9oc
173686
173685
2026-06-17T08:44:21Z
Nnamadee
11577
173686
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Dam Itezhi-Tezhi''' to maayo Kafue to hirnaange-caka Zambie mahiraa ko hakkunde 1974 e 1977 to Itezhi-Tezhi Gap, e nder ŋoral tufɗe ɗo maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnoo e falnde juutnde, ardi e yaajde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi anndiraaɗi Kafue. Wuro Itezhi-Tezhi woni ko bannge fuɗnaange baraas oo.
== Dimensiyonji e faandaare ==
Baraas oo ina jogii tooweeki 62 meeter (203 ft), njuuteendi ŋoral mum ko 1 800 meeter (5 900 ft) ina waɗi kadi ɓuuɓol 390 kiloomeeteer kaaree (150 miil kaaree), ina ɓuuɓna feccere e nokku biyeteeɗo Kafue National Park.
Faandaare baraas oo gadano ko mooftude ndiyam ngam huutoraade semmbe toowɗo Kafue Gorge ko ɓuri 260 kiloomeeteer (160 mi) dow maayo. Maayo Kafue, hono no ko ɓuri heewde e Afrik fuɗnaange-rewo nii, ina jogii mbayliigu mawngu no feewi e sahaaji, ina ɓuuɓna e sahaa toɓo, ina leeltina haa ma a taw ko capanɗe jeegom (20%) e tolno nguleeki ɓurtuki e joofnirde sahaa yooro. Heɓde doole noon ina ɗaɓɓi doggol tiiɗngol, ngol waawataa heɓtineede tan ko e jogaade lowre mawnde ngam mooftude ilam ɗam ngam huutoraade e yontaaji yooro. To Gorge Kafue, topografi oo haɗataa ɓuuɓol mawngol no feewi waɗde. Ko ɗum waɗi, peewnitooɓe baraas oo njoginoo miijo waɗde ɓuuɓri mawndi ndii to Itezhi-Tezhi, e yaltinde ndiyam ɗam e nder ɓuuɓri doolnundi dow maayo ngoo e saraaji Kafue Flats haa e baraas Kafue Gorge.<ref>Zesco: "History of Itezhi-Tezhi" Archived 2005-09-07 at the Wayback Machine website accessed 1 March 2007.</ref>
=== Stasiyoŋ kuuraa ===
Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2011 e wertallo 120 megawatt (160 000 hp) to baraas Itezhi-Tezhi, fotnoo ko joofde e hitaande 2015. Ko 250 miliyoŋ dolaar woni wertallo ngoo, ko sosiyetee Itezhi Tezhi Power (ITPC), sosiyatee laamuyankeewo Zambian, TESCOw e ZESCOw ko fedde wiyeteende Tata Group mo leydi Indiya. Kontraktoor innjiniyaaruuji, soodgol e mahngo (EPC) ko Sinohydro, sosiyetee Siin, jeyaaɗo e laamu, ko faati e innjiniyaaruuji e mahngo ndiyam, tawi ko Alstom rokkata turbineeji ɗiɗi Kaplan 60MW.<ref>"Alstom wins bid for Zambia's Itezhi-Tezhi hydropower plant". Hydro World.</ref>
E hitaande 2014, Banke Ƴellitaare Afrik (AfDB), Banke Ƴellitaare Holannda FMO, Banke Ƴellitaare Afrik worgo (DBSA) e Propaco Farayse ndokki laamu Zambie ñamaande fotde 142 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam yoɓde ko ina tolnoo e feccere e njoɓdi eɓɓaande ndee.<ref>"Zambia Signs Energy Sector Agreement for Itezhi Tezhi Power Generation Project". The African Development Bank.</ref> Koolol ngol fuɗɗii golle mum haa timmi e lewru feebariyee 2016.<ref>"JV commissions Itezhi Tezhi hydropower project, Zambia". Water Power & Dam Construction. Retrieved 11 February 2016.</ref>
== Batte nokkuuji e dow ŋoral maayo Kafue ==
Ekosistem Kafue Flats ina yahdi e ɓuuɓri keeriindi e yooro. Ilam ina ɓuuɓna leydi ndii e ndiyam. Liɗɗi e daabaaji ina mbaawi lummbaade walla ɓuuɓde, ina mballita e sarde ñamri, so ndiyam ɗam ɓuuɓtii, huɗo ina mawna no feewi, ina jogoo ñaamooɓe huɗo ko wayi no buubaaji, lechwe, e jawdi. Taƴre dumunna tagoore ndee ina jokki e leɗɗe, liɗɗi, e daabaaji, nde tawnoo ɗe mbayliima no feewi e ɓuuɓri marse–abriil e nder ñamri e jibinannde majji. Heewɓe e hoɗɓe e nokku hee ina ngummoo e koɗki mum en hitaande kala ngam waawde haɓaade mbaydi ilam.[6]
Baraas oo ina itta ɓuuɓri ilam e ɓuuɓri ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e sahaa yooro. Ina usta mbayliigu dumunnaaji tawaaɗi e ɓuuɓri maayo.[7] Diisneteeve ve njiziino wonde baraas oo ina ‘uddita dame ilam’ e nder dumunna lewru marse, tawa ina addana 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (11 000 cu ft/s) ngam ɓuuɓnude Flats Kafue ngam hisnude cirkooji tago. Kono noon ɗum waɗaani e golle, teeŋti noon nde tawnoo lowre ndee alaa ndiyam keewɗam e sahaaji potɗi ngam weeɓtinde ngalɗoo daawal. Ɗaɓɓaande semmbe kuuraa ɓuri teeŋtude, ɗum noon, e toɓooli ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi gila 1990, haɗi baraas oo yaltinde ndiyam e tolnooji ɗi njiɗnoo-ɗen yaltude ɗii.
Dam Itezhi-Tezhi waɗii batte ekkolosi nokkuure nde Kafue Flats e ɗeeɗoo laabi:[6]
* Peewnugol liɗɗi ina ustii no feewi ;
* Kulle ladde, ko wayi no Lechwe, e Sitatunga, tuugiiɗe e sahaa keeriiɗo e njaajeendi ilam e nder nokkuuji mum en jibinannde, ina njogii jikkuuji jibinannde mum en, ɗum addani ustaare yimɓe ;
* E nder yontaaji yooro, keewal huɗo ngam durnude ina usta wonande kullon ladde e jawdi, kadi leɗɗe ina njillondiri e huɗo e dow ŋoral ;
* Ina woodi ŋakkeende laaɓal e sahaa nde ilam waɗata, ɗum noon ina jiiɓa koɗkiiji aadaaji aadee en.
Toɓooli 2003/4 ɓuri teeŋtude ko e leydi Sammbi. Batte yaltugol baraas Itezhi-Tezhi e nder ndeeɗoo yontere ina kollitaa e fotooje NASA gonɗe dow ɗee. E wiyde lowre NASA, e lewru suwee 2004 nanondiral waɗaama e sosiyetee kuuraa ndiyam ngam artirde ndiyam yaltuɗam e baraasuuji ɗii fawaade e njuɓɓudi ilam ɓurndi nafoore, ina sikkaa ko e jokkude e anniya gadano oo, ko 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (11,000).
== Tuugnorgal ==
hspnksg8pbdmc5macrvkgrrhiix3z7a
173688
173686
2026-06-17T08:46:34Z
Nnamadee
11577
173688
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Dam Itezhi-Tezhi''' to maayo Kafue to hirnaange-caka Zambie mahiraa ko hakkunde 1974 e 1977 to Itezhi-Tezhi Gap, e nder ŋoral tufɗe ɗo maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnoo e falnde juutnde, ardi e yaajde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi anndiraaɗi Kafue. Wuro Itezhi-Tezhi woni ko bannge fuɗnaange baraas oo.
== Dimensiyonji e faandaare ==
Baraas oo ina jogii tooweeki 62 meeter (203 ft), njuuteendi ŋoral mum ko 1 800 meeter (5 900 ft) ina waɗi kadi ɓuuɓol 390 kiloomeeteer kaaree (150 miil kaaree), ina ɓuuɓna feccere e nokku biyeteeɗo Kafue National Park.
Faandaare baraas oo gadano ko mooftude ndiyam ngam huutoraade semmbe toowɗo Kafue Gorge ko ɓuri 260 kiloomeeteer (160 mi) dow maayo. Maayo Kafue, hono no ko ɓuri heewde e Afrik fuɗnaange-rewo nii, ina jogii mbayliigu mawngu no feewi e sahaaji, ina ɓuuɓna e sahaa toɓo, ina leeltina haa ma a taw ko capanɗe jeegom (20%) e tolno nguleeki ɓurtuki e joofnirde sahaa yooro. Heɓde doole noon ina ɗaɓɓi doggol tiiɗngol, ngol waawataa heɓtineede tan ko e jogaade lowre mawnde ngam mooftude ilam ɗam ngam huutoraade e yontaaji yooro. To Gorge Kafue, topografi oo haɗataa ɓuuɓol mawngol no feewi waɗde. Ko ɗum waɗi, peewnitooɓe baraas oo njoginoo miijo waɗde ɓuuɓri mawndi ndii to Itezhi-Tezhi, e yaltinde ndiyam ɗam e nder ɓuuɓri doolnundi dow maayo ngoo e saraaji Kafue Flats haa e baraas Kafue Gorge.<ref>Zesco: "History of Itezhi-Tezhi" Archived 2005-09-07 at the Wayback Machine website accessed 1 March 2007.</ref>
=== Stasiyoŋ kuuraa ===
Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2011 e wertallo 120 megawatt (160 000 hp) to baraas Itezhi-Tezhi, fotnoo ko joofde e hitaande 2015. Ko 250 miliyoŋ dolaar woni wertallo ngoo, ko sosiyetee Itezhi Tezhi Power (ITPC), sosiyatee laamuyankeewo Zambian, TESCOw e ZESCOw ko fedde wiyeteende Tata Group mo leydi Indiya. Kontraktoor innjiniyaaruuji, soodgol e mahngo (EPC) ko Sinohydro, sosiyetee Siin, jeyaaɗo e laamu, ko faati e innjiniyaaruuji e mahngo ndiyam, tawi ko Alstom rokkata turbineeji ɗiɗi Kaplan 60MW.<ref>"Alstom wins bid for Zambia's Itezhi-Tezhi hydropower plant". Hydro World.</ref>
E hitaande 2014, Banke Ƴellitaare Afrik (AfDB), Banke Ƴellitaare Holannda FMO, Banke Ƴellitaare Afrik worgo (DBSA) e Propaco Farayse ndokki laamu Zambie ñamaande fotde 142 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam yoɓde ko ina tolnoo e feccere e njoɓdi eɓɓaande ndee.<ref>"Zambia Signs Energy Sector Agreement for Itezhi Tezhi Power Generation Project". The African Development Bank.</ref> Koolol ngol fuɗɗii golle mum haa timmi e lewru feebariyee 2016.<ref>"JV commissions Itezhi Tezhi hydropower project, Zambia". Water Power & Dam Construction. Retrieved 11 February 2016.</ref>
== Batte nokkuuji e dow ŋoral maayo Kafue ==
Ekosistem Kafue Flats ina yahdi e ɓuuɓri keeriindi e yooro. Ilam ina ɓuuɓna leydi ndii e ndiyam. Liɗɗi e daabaaji ina mbaawi lummbaade walla ɓuuɓde, ina mballita e sarde ñamri, so ndiyam ɗam ɓuuɓtii, huɗo ina mawna no feewi, ina jogoo ñaamooɓe huɗo ko wayi no buubaaji, lechwe, e jawdi. Taƴre dumunna tagoore ndee ina jokki e leɗɗe, liɗɗi, e daabaaji, nde tawnoo ɗe mbayliima no feewi e ɓuuɓri marse–abriil e nder ñamri e jibinannde majji. Heewɓe e hoɗɓe e nokku hee ina ngummoo e koɗki mum en hitaande kala ngam waawde haɓaade mbaydi ilam.<ref>American Association for the Advancement of Science website Archived 2013-10-01 at the Wayback Machine: H N. Weza Chabwela & Wanga Mumba, "Integrating Water Conservation and Population Strategies on the Kafue Flats", Report of a Workshop on Water and Population Dynamics, Montreal, Canada, October 1996.</ref>
Baraas oo ina itta ɓuuɓri ilam e ɓuuɓri ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e sahaa yooro. Ina usta mbayliigu dumunnaaji tawaaɗi e ɓuuɓri maayo.[7] Diisneteeve ve njiziino wonde baraas oo ina ‘uddita dame ilam’ e nder dumunna lewru marse, tawa ina addana 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (11 000 cu ft/s) ngam ɓuuɓnude Flats Kafue ngam hisnude cirkooji tago. Kono noon ɗum waɗaani e golle, teeŋti noon nde tawnoo lowre ndee alaa ndiyam keewɗam e sahaaji potɗi ngam weeɓtinde ngalɗoo daawal. Ɗaɓɓaande semmbe kuuraa ɓuri teeŋtude, ɗum noon, e toɓooli ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi gila 1990, haɗi baraas oo yaltinde ndiyam e tolnooji ɗi njiɗnoo-ɗen yaltude ɗii.
Dam Itezhi-Tezhi waɗii batte ekkolosi nokkuure nde Kafue Flats e ɗeeɗoo laabi:<ref>American Association for the Advancement of Science website Archived 2013-10-01 at the Wayback Machine: H N. Weza Chabwela & Wanga Mumba, "Integrating Water Conservation and Population Strategies on the Kafue Flats", Report of a Workshop on Water and Population Dynamics, Montreal, Canada, October 1996.</ref>
* Peewnugol liɗɗi ina ustii no feewi ;
* Kulle ladde, ko wayi no Lechwe, e Sitatunga, tuugiiɗe e sahaa keeriiɗo e njaajeendi ilam e nder nokkuuji mum en jibinannde, ina njogii jikkuuji jibinannde mum en, ɗum addani ustaare yimɓe ;
* E nder yontaaji yooro, keewal huɗo ngam durnude ina usta wonande kullon ladde e jawdi, kadi leɗɗe ina njillondiri e huɗo e dow ŋoral ;
* Ina woodi ŋakkeende laaɓal e sahaa nde ilam waɗata, ɗum noon ina jiiɓa koɗkiiji aadaaji aadee en.
Toɓooli 2003/4 ɓuri teeŋtude ko e leydi Sammbi. Batte yaltugol baraas Itezhi-Tezhi e nder ndeeɗoo yontere ina kollitaa e fotooje NASA gonɗe dow ɗee. E wiyde lowre NASA, e lewru suwee 2004 nanondiral waɗaama e sosiyetee kuuraa ndiyam ngam artirde ndiyam yaltuɗam e baraasuuji ɗii fawaade e njuɓɓudi ilam ɓurndi nafoore, ina sikkaa ko e jokkude e anniya gadano oo, ko 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (11,000).
== Tuugnorgal ==
ce9da4bhijxpddkgrq2uw3l8at17eoq
173690
173688
2026-06-17T08:51:30Z
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11577
173690
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Dam Itezhi-Tezhi''' to maayo Kafue to hirnaange-caka Zambie mahiraa ko hakkunde 1974 e 1977 to Itezhi-Tezhi Gap, e nder ŋoral tufɗe ɗo maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnoo e falnde juutnde, ardi e yaajde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi anndiraaɗi Kafue. Wuro Itezhi-Tezhi woni ko bannge fuɗnaange baraas oo.
== Dimensiyonji e faandaare ==
Baraas oo ina jogii tooweeki 62 meeter (203 ft), njuuteendi ŋoral mum ko 1 800 meeter (5 900 ft) ina waɗi kadi ɓuuɓol 390 kiloomeeteer kaaree (150 miil kaaree), ina ɓuuɓna feccere e nokku biyeteeɗo Kafue National Park.
Faandaare baraas oo gadano ko mooftude ndiyam ngam huutoraade semmbe toowɗo Kafue Gorge ko ɓuri 260 kiloomeeteer (160 mi) dow maayo. Maayo Kafue, hono no ko ɓuri heewde e Afrik fuɗnaange-rewo nii, ina jogii mbayliigu mawngu no feewi e sahaaji, ina ɓuuɓna e sahaa toɓo, ina leeltina haa ma a taw ko capanɗe jeegom (20%) e tolno nguleeki ɓurtuki e joofnirde sahaa yooro. Heɓde doole noon ina ɗaɓɓi doggol tiiɗngol, ngol waawataa heɓtineede tan ko e jogaade lowre mawnde ngam mooftude ilam ɗam ngam huutoraade e yontaaji yooro. To Gorge Kafue, topografi oo haɗataa ɓuuɓol mawngol no feewi waɗde. Ko ɗum waɗi, peewnitooɓe baraas oo njoginoo miijo waɗde ɓuuɓri mawndi ndii to Itezhi-Tezhi, e yaltinde ndiyam ɗam e nder ɓuuɓri doolnundi dow maayo ngoo e saraaji Kafue Flats haa e baraas Kafue Gorge.<ref>Zesco: "History of Itezhi-Tezhi" Archived 2005-09-07 at the Wayback Machine website accessed 1 March 2007.</ref>
=== Stasiyoŋ kuuraa ===
Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2011 e wertallo 120 megawatt (160 000 hp) to baraas Itezhi-Tezhi, fotnoo ko joofde e hitaande 2015. Ko 250 miliyoŋ dolaar woni wertallo ngoo, ko sosiyetee Itezhi Tezhi Power (ITPC), sosiyatee laamuyankeewo Zambian, TESCOw e ZESCOw ko fedde wiyeteende Tata Group mo leydi Indiya. Kontraktoor innjiniyaaruuji, soodgol e mahngo (EPC) ko Sinohydro, sosiyetee Siin, jeyaaɗo e laamu, ko faati e innjiniyaaruuji e mahngo ndiyam, tawi ko Alstom rokkata turbineeji ɗiɗi Kaplan 60MW.<ref>"Alstom wins bid for Zambia's Itezhi-Tezhi hydropower plant". Hydro World.</ref>
E hitaande 2014, Banke Ƴellitaare Afrik (AfDB), Banke Ƴellitaare Holannda FMO, Banke Ƴellitaare Afrik worgo (DBSA) e Propaco Farayse ndokki laamu Zambie ñamaande fotde 142 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam yoɓde ko ina tolnoo e feccere e njoɓdi eɓɓaande ndee.<ref>"Zambia Signs Energy Sector Agreement for Itezhi Tezhi Power Generation Project". The African Development Bank.</ref> Koolol ngol fuɗɗii golle mum haa timmi e lewru feebariyee 2016.<ref>"JV commissions Itezhi Tezhi hydropower project, Zambia". Water Power & Dam Construction. Retrieved 11 February 2016.</ref>
== Batte nokkuuji e dow ŋoral maayo Kafue ==
Ekosistem Kafue Flats ina yahdi e ɓuuɓri keeriindi e yooro. Ilam ina ɓuuɓna leydi ndii e ndiyam. Liɗɗi e daabaaji ina mbaawi lummbaade walla ɓuuɓde, ina mballita e sarde ñamri, so ndiyam ɗam ɓuuɓtii, huɗo ina mawna no feewi, ina jogoo ñaamooɓe huɗo ko wayi no buubaaji, lechwe, e jawdi. Taƴre dumunna tagoore ndee ina jokki e leɗɗe, liɗɗi, e daabaaji, nde tawnoo ɗe mbayliima no feewi e ɓuuɓri marse–abriil e nder ñamri e jibinannde majji. Heewɓe e hoɗɓe e nokku hee ina ngummoo e koɗki mum en hitaande kala ngam waawde haɓaade mbaydi ilam.<ref>American Association for the Advancement of Science website Archived 2013-10-01 at the Wayback Machine: H N. Weza Chabwela & Wanga Mumba, "Integrating Water Conservation and Population Strategies on the Kafue Flats", Report of a Workshop on Water and Population Dynamics, Montreal, Canada, October 1996.</ref>
Baraas oo ina itta ɓuuɓri ilam e ɓuuɓri ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e sahaa yooro. Ina usta mbayliigu dumunnaaji tawaaɗi e ɓuuɓri maayo.<ref>FAO Fisheries Dept: "Status of fish stocks and fisheries of thirteen medium-sized African reservoirs" Website accessed 1 March 2007.</ref> Diisneteeve ve njiziino wonde baraas oo ina ‘uddita dame ilam’ e nder dumunna lewru marse, tawa ina addana 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (11 000 cu ft/s) ngam ɓuuɓnude Flats Kafue ngam hisnude cirkooji tago. Kono noon ɗum waɗaani e golle, teeŋti noon nde tawnoo lowre ndee alaa ndiyam keewɗam e sahaaji potɗi ngam weeɓtinde ngalɗoo daawal. Ɗaɓɓaande semmbe kuuraa ɓuri teeŋtude, ɗum noon, e toɓooli ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi gila 1990, haɗi baraas oo yaltinde ndiyam e tolnooji ɗi njiɗnoo-ɗen yaltude ɗii.
Dam Itezhi-Tezhi waɗii batte ekkolosi nokkuure nde Kafue Flats e ɗeeɗoo laabi:<ref>American Association for the Advancement of Science website Archived 2013-10-01 at the Wayback Machine: H N. Weza Chabwela & Wanga Mumba, "Integrating Water Conservation and Population Strategies on the Kafue Flats", Report of a Workshop on Water and Population Dynamics, Montreal, Canada, October 1996.</ref>
* Peewnugol liɗɗi ina ustii no feewi;
* Kulle ladde, ko wayi no Lechwe, e Sitatunga, tuugiiɗe e sahaa keeriiɗo e njaajeendi ilam e nder nokkuuji mum en jibinannde, ina njogii jikkuuji jibinannde mum en, ɗum addani ustaare yimɓe;
* E nder yontaaji yooro, keewal huɗo ngam durnude ina usta wonande kullon ladde e jawdi, kadi leɗɗe ina njillondiri e huɗo e dow ŋoral ;
* Ina woodi ŋakkeende laaɓal e sahaa nde ilam waɗata, ɗum noon ina jiiɓa koɗkiiji aadaaji aadee en.
Toɓooli 2003/4 ɓuri teeŋtude ko e leydi Sammbi. Batte yaltugol baraas Itezhi-Tezhi e nder ndeeɗoo yontere ina kollitaa e fotooje NASA gonɗe dow ɗee. E wiyde lowre NASA, e lewru suwee 2004 nanondiral waɗaama e sosiyetee kuuraa ndiyam ngam artirde ndiyam yaltuɗam e baraasuuji ɗii fawaade e njuɓɓudi ilam ɓurndi nafoore, ina sikkaa ko e jokkude e anniya gadano oo, ko 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (11,000).
== Tuugnorgal ==
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173691
173690
2026-06-17T08:52:00Z
Nnamadee
11577
173691
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Dam Itezhi-Tezhi''' to maayo Kafue to hirnaange-caka Zambie mahiraa ko hakkunde 1974 e 1977 to Itezhi-Tezhi Gap, e nder ŋoral tufɗe ɗo maayo ngoo ɓuuɓnoo e falnde juutnde, ardi e yaajde nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi anndiraaɗi Kafue. Wuro Itezhi-Tezhi woni ko bannge fuɗnaange baraas oo.
== Dimensiyonji e faandaare ==
Baraas oo ina jogii tooweeki 62 meeter (203 ft), njuuteendi ŋoral mum ko 1 800 meeter (5 900 ft) ina waɗi kadi ɓuuɓol 390 kiloomeeteer kaaree (150 miil kaaree), ina ɓuuɓna feccere e nokku biyeteeɗo Kafue National Park.
Faandaare baraas oo gadano ko mooftude ndiyam ngam huutoraade semmbe toowɗo Kafue Gorge ko ɓuri 260 kiloomeeteer (160 mi) dow maayo. Maayo Kafue, hono no ko ɓuri heewde e Afrik fuɗnaange-rewo nii, ina jogii mbayliigu mawngu no feewi e sahaaji, ina ɓuuɓna e sahaa toɓo, ina leeltina haa ma a taw ko capanɗe jeegom (20%) e tolno nguleeki ɓurtuki e joofnirde sahaa yooro. Heɓde doole noon ina ɗaɓɓi doggol tiiɗngol, ngol waawataa heɓtineede tan ko e jogaade lowre mawnde ngam mooftude ilam ɗam ngam huutoraade e yontaaji yooro. To Gorge Kafue, topografi oo haɗataa ɓuuɓol mawngol no feewi waɗde. Ko ɗum waɗi, peewnitooɓe baraas oo njoginoo miijo waɗde ɓuuɓri mawndi ndii to Itezhi-Tezhi, e yaltinde ndiyam ɗam e nder ɓuuɓri doolnundi dow maayo ngoo e saraaji Kafue Flats haa e baraas Kafue Gorge.<ref>Zesco: "History of Itezhi-Tezhi" Archived 2005-09-07 at the Wayback Machine website accessed 1 March 2007.</ref>
=== Stasiyoŋ kuuraa ===
Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2011 e wertallo 120 megawatt (160 000 hp) to baraas Itezhi-Tezhi, fotnoo ko joofde e hitaande 2015. Ko 250 miliyoŋ dolaar woni wertallo ngoo, ko sosiyetee Itezhi Tezhi Power (ITPC), sosiyatee laamuyankeewo Zambian, TESCOw e ZESCOw ko fedde wiyeteende Tata Group mo leydi Indiya. Kontraktoor innjiniyaaruuji, soodgol e mahngo (EPC) ko Sinohydro, sosiyetee Siin, jeyaaɗo e laamu, ko faati e innjiniyaaruuji e mahngo ndiyam, tawi ko Alstom rokkata turbineeji ɗiɗi Kaplan 60MW.<ref>"Alstom wins bid for Zambia's Itezhi-Tezhi hydropower plant". Hydro World.</ref>
E hitaande 2014, Banke Ƴellitaare Afrik (AfDB), Banke Ƴellitaare Holannda FMO, Banke Ƴellitaare Afrik worgo (DBSA) e Propaco Farayse ndokki laamu Zambie ñamaande fotde 142 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam yoɓde ko ina tolnoo e feccere e njoɓdi eɓɓaande ndee.<ref>"Zambia Signs Energy Sector Agreement for Itezhi Tezhi Power Generation Project". The African Development Bank.</ref> Koolol ngol fuɗɗii golle mum haa timmi e lewru feebariyee 2016.<ref>"JV commissions Itezhi Tezhi hydropower project, Zambia". Water Power & Dam Construction. Retrieved 11 February 2016.</ref>
== Batte nokkuuji e dow ŋoral maayo Kafue ==
[[Image:Eastern Kafue Flats in flood 2004.jpg|right|framed|"Not all floods are unwanted"— NASA.<ref name="NASA">[http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=16999 NASA Visible Earth website: "Floodwaters Renew Zambia’s Kafue Wetland"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123110730/http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=16999 |date=2008-01-23 }} Accessed 5 March 2007.</ref> The eastern (lower) half of the [[Kafue Flats]] in the middle of the dry season, one year apart. Water shows as dark areas, the Kafue's main channel shows as the squiggle running left to right. In early 2004 the floodgates of the Itezhi-Tezhi Dam (about 80 km to the left of the photo) were opened to allow the natural flooding which used to happen before the dam was built. Compared to the previous year, much more of the flats remain inundated in the dry season and there is lot more vegetation (green colour). (Key: 1 Lusaka, 2 Kafue town, 3 Kafue Gorge Dam, 4, Mazabuka and Nakambala Sugar Estates, 5 Blue Lagoon National Park, 6 Lochinvar National Park, 7 Chunga Lagoon, 8 Kasenga.) Photo credit NASA/GSFC/LaRC/JPL, MISR Team.]]
Ekosistem Kafue Flats ina yahdi e ɓuuɓri keeriindi e yooro. Ilam ina ɓuuɓna leydi ndii e ndiyam. Liɗɗi e daabaaji ina mbaawi lummbaade walla ɓuuɓde, ina mballita e sarde ñamri, so ndiyam ɗam ɓuuɓtii, huɗo ina mawna no feewi, ina jogoo ñaamooɓe huɗo ko wayi no buubaaji, lechwe, e jawdi. Taƴre dumunna tagoore ndee ina jokki e leɗɗe, liɗɗi, e daabaaji, nde tawnoo ɗe mbayliima no feewi e ɓuuɓri marse–abriil e nder ñamri e jibinannde majji. Heewɓe e hoɗɓe e nokku hee ina ngummoo e koɗki mum en hitaande kala ngam waawde haɓaade mbaydi ilam.<ref>American Association for the Advancement of Science website Archived 2013-10-01 at the Wayback Machine: H N. Weza Chabwela & Wanga Mumba, "Integrating Water Conservation and Population Strategies on the Kafue Flats", Report of a Workshop on Water and Population Dynamics, Montreal, Canada, October 1996.</ref>
Baraas oo ina itta ɓuuɓri ilam e ɓuuɓri ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e sahaa yooro. Ina usta mbayliigu dumunnaaji tawaaɗi e ɓuuɓri maayo.<ref>FAO Fisheries Dept: "Status of fish stocks and fisheries of thirteen medium-sized African reservoirs" Website accessed 1 March 2007.</ref> Diisneteeve ve njiziino wonde baraas oo ina ‘uddita dame ilam’ e nder dumunna lewru marse, tawa ina addana 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (11 000 cu ft/s) ngam ɓuuɓnude Flats Kafue ngam hisnude cirkooji tago. Kono noon ɗum waɗaani e golle, teeŋti noon nde tawnoo lowre ndee alaa ndiyam keewɗam e sahaaji potɗi ngam weeɓtinde ngalɗoo daawal. Ɗaɓɓaande semmbe kuuraa ɓuri teeŋtude, ɗum noon, e toɓooli ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi gila 1990, haɗi baraas oo yaltinde ndiyam e tolnooji ɗi njiɗnoo-ɗen yaltude ɗii.
Dam Itezhi-Tezhi waɗii batte ekkolosi nokkuure nde Kafue Flats e ɗeeɗoo laabi:<ref>American Association for the Advancement of Science website Archived 2013-10-01 at the Wayback Machine: H N. Weza Chabwela & Wanga Mumba, "Integrating Water Conservation and Population Strategies on the Kafue Flats", Report of a Workshop on Water and Population Dynamics, Montreal, Canada, October 1996.</ref>
* Peewnugol liɗɗi ina ustii no feewi;
* Kulle ladde, ko wayi no Lechwe, e Sitatunga, tuugiiɗe e sahaa keeriiɗo e njaajeendi ilam e nder nokkuuji mum en jibinannde, ina njogii jikkuuji jibinannde mum en, ɗum addani ustaare yimɓe;
* E nder yontaaji yooro, keewal huɗo ngam durnude ina usta wonande kullon ladde e jawdi, kadi leɗɗe ina njillondiri e huɗo e dow ŋoral ;
* Ina woodi ŋakkeende laaɓal e sahaa nde ilam waɗata, ɗum noon ina jiiɓa koɗkiiji aadaaji aadee en.
Toɓooli 2003/4 ɓuri teeŋtude ko e leydi Sammbi. Batte yaltugol baraas Itezhi-Tezhi e nder ndeeɗoo yontere ina kollitaa e fotooje NASA gonɗe dow ɗee. E wiyde lowre NASA, e lewru suwee 2004 nanondiral waɗaama e sosiyetee kuuraa ndiyam ngam artirde ndiyam yaltuɗam e baraasuuji ɗii fawaade e njuɓɓudi ilam ɓurndi nafoore, ina sikkaa ko e jokkude e anniya gadano oo, ko 300 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (11,000).
== Tuugnorgal ==
158mg65ehqdwlddehveodddjiwnj4r0
Ashley Klein
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Ashley Klein ko gardiiɗo fedde rugby to leydi Ostarali. O adii waɗde arbiter ko to Angalteer, o fuɗɗii golle makko ko e kawgel Rugby League, kono o arti Ostarali, jooni o ardii e Ligue Nationale Rugby.
Kugal
Klein woni hooreejo kawgel NRL e hitaande 2018, 2022, e 2024.
Ñalnde 8 suwee 2002, ñalnde 15 suwee 2002, ñalnde 15 suwee 2003, ñalnde 15 suwee 2003. Klein woniino gardiiɗo kawgel fuku winndere 2008 to Ostarali. O woppi Super League e hitaande 2009 ngam hootde Ostarali, ngam jokkondirde e debbo makko e sukaaɓe makko. E lewru suwee 2024, o wonti neɗɗo ɗiɗaɓo yettaade 400 pottital ñaawirgal e nder NRL nde o ardii pottital finaal hakkunde Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks e North Queensland Cowboys.
Klein ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo fedde wiyeteende Parramatta Eels.
Ñalnde 17 feebariyee 2012, Klein woniino gardiiɗo pottital hakkunde Leeds Rhinos e Manly Sea Eagles to dingiral Headingley Carnegie to Leeds tawi fedde Angalteer heɓi 26-12. Ñalnde 19 abriil 2013 ko kanko woni gardiiɗo jarribo Anzac 2013.
Haa ñalnde 9 sulyee 2025, Klein waɗii ñaawoowo 20 pijirlooji Dowlaaji Dentuɗi. Ko kanko ardii finaal kawgel fuku winndere 2021 to leydi Angalteer.
Luural
Julaagu
E nder ciimtol ngol jaaynde wiyeteende The Sydney Morning Herald yaltini e lewru suwee 2026 (ko adii nde fijo ɗiɗmo ngoo waɗata e nder fijo State of Origin), hollitaama wonde Klein ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e njulaagu pucci e pucci, haa jooni o dañii ko ina ɓura 400 000 dolaar A$ hade makko waɗde fijo ngo. e hitaande 2023. NRL adii anndude haala kaa ko e hitaande 2019, waɗi wiɗto, hollitii wonde Klein bonnaani hay kuule gooto sabu o meeɗaa bettude e ligue rugby. Ko ɗum waɗi o acciraa jokkude golle e nder tolno ɓurɗo toowde, haa arti noon e pottitte State of Origin e NRL Grand Finals.
Ina wiyee wonde julaagu Klein ɓeydiima hay so tawii nanondiral waɗii e ligue (NRL) ngam yuurnitaade golle makko betting. Annduɓe nuunɗal e won e ardiiɓe kippuuji ɗii mbiyi wonde ñaawoowo jogiiɗo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e njulaagu ina waawi addande ɗum baasal e innde mum e nuunɗal mum, hay so tawii alaa ko holliti ɗum ko boni. Ɓeydagol ƴeewndo rewi heen nde feeñi Klein waɗii ƴellitaare karallaagal e departemaa nuunɗal Racing NSW. E nder luural ngal fof, Klein e NRL fof ina njokki e wiyde wonde o meeɗaa bonnude hay kuule, o meeɗaa bettude e ligue rugby, tee ñaawoore makko meeɗaa mettinde e jokkere enɗam makko.
Billy Slater, coftuɗo Queensland, fawi Klein e nder batu jaayndeeji ko adii fijo ɗiɗaɓo, o wiyi : "So mi haalaama goonga, miin e hoore am miɗo sikki ɗum moƴƴaani so tawii huunde hono ndee ina yaltinee e yeeso yimɓe fof," hade makko ɓeydude heen, "miɗo yiɗi Ashley... ɗum yeewtaaka e nder kampaañ amen, ko ɗum woni darnde am e makko." Laurie Daley, coftuɗo New South Wales, hollitii haala Slater, o wiyi: "Mi jaɓii Bill. Ɗum huunde saɗnde nde geɗe hono ɗee ngaddata, miɗo sikki Ashley ina jogii ballal potngal e yimɓe wonɓe e sara mum ngam wallude mo e yahde e sahaa o. Min ngalaa caɗeele e Ashley wonde e nder fijo ngo." E nder haala makko e rajo SEN, gonnooɗo ƴarotooɗo Brisbane Broncos e Kangaroos, hono Corey Parker, hollitii miijo mum luulndiingo, o wiyi wonde Klein ina foti dartaade e laamu haa nde haala kaa ƴeewtaa no feewi e fedde toppitiinde nuunɗal NRL. Parker wiyi wonde haala kaa ina fotnoo ƴeewteede no feewi, sibu o siftinii wonde, ina wiyee wonde Klein dañii 400 000 dolaar hade makko ittude hoore makko e bettere, hay so tawii noon o dañii fotde miliyoŋaaji 1,5 dolaar e nder oon sahaa gooto.
Caalaje
Klein ko ɓiy gonnooɗo fiytotooɗo Penrith biyeteeɗo John Klein.
Ɓiyiiko Ethan kadi ko ñaawoowo graded e NSWRL. O rokkaama NSWRL Arbiter Junior hitaande e hitaande 2022, hannde ko o arbiter e nder NSW Cup.
Tuugnorgal
ki44me7ftx52na8tus1b3x1x13xr0rc
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Ilya Discuss
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#1Lib1Ref
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{{Databox}}
Ashley Klein ko gardiiɗo fedde rugby to leydi Ostarali. O adii waɗde arbiter ko to Angalteer, o fuɗɗii golle makko ko e kawgel Rugby League, kono o arti Ostarali, jooni o ardii e Ligue Nationale Rugby.
Kugal
Klein woni hooreejo kawgel NRL e hitaande 2018, 2022, e 2024.
Ñalnde 8 suwee 2002, ñalnde 15 suwee 2002, ñalnde 15 suwee 2003, ñalnde 15 suwee 2003. Klein woniino gardiiɗo kawgel fuku winndere 2008 to Ostarali. O woppi Super League e hitaande 2009 ngam hootde Ostarali, ngam jokkondirde e debbo makko e sukaaɓe makko. E lewru suwee 2024, o wonti neɗɗo ɗiɗaɓo yettaade 400 pottital ñaawirgal e nder NRL nde o ardii pottital finaal hakkunde Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks e North Queensland Cowboys.
Klein ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo fedde wiyeteende Parramatta Eels.
Ñalnde 17 feebariyee 2012, Klein woniino gardiiɗo pottital hakkunde Leeds Rhinos e Manly Sea Eagles to dingiral Headingley Carnegie to Leeds tawi fedde Angalteer heɓi 26-12. Ñalnde 19 abriil 2013 ko kanko woni gardiiɗo jarribo Anzac 2013.
Haa ñalnde 9 sulyee 2025, Klein waɗii ñaawoowo 20 pijirlooji Dowlaaji Dentuɗi. Ko kanko ardii finaal kawgel fuku winndere 2021 to leydi Angalteer.
Luural
Julaagu
E nder ciimtol ngol jaaynde wiyeteende The Sydney Morning Herald yaltini e lewru suwee 2026 (ko adii nde fijo ɗiɗmo ngoo waɗata e nder fijo State of Origin), hollitaama wonde Klein ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e njulaagu pucci e pucci, haa jooni o dañii ko ina ɓura 400 000 dolaar A$ hade makko waɗde fijo ngo. e hitaande 2023. NRL adii anndude haala kaa ko e hitaande 2019, waɗi wiɗto, hollitii wonde Klein bonnaani hay kuule gooto sabu o meeɗaa bettude e ligue rugby. Ko ɗum waɗi o acciraa jokkude golle e nder tolno ɓurɗo toowde, haa arti noon e pottitte State of Origin e NRL Grand Finals.
Ina wiyee wonde julaagu Klein ɓeydiima hay so tawii nanondiral waɗii e ligue (NRL) ngam yuurnitaade golle makko betting. Annduɓe nuunɗal e won e ardiiɓe kippuuji ɗii mbiyi wonde ñaawoowo jogiiɗo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e njulaagu ina waawi addande ɗum baasal e innde mum e nuunɗal mum, hay so tawii alaa ko holliti ɗum ko boni. Ɓeydagol ƴeewndo rewi heen nde feeñi Klein waɗii ƴellitaare karallaagal e departemaa nuunɗal Racing NSW. E nder luural ngal fof, Klein e NRL fof ina njokki e wiyde wonde o meeɗaa bonnude hay kuule, o meeɗaa bettude e ligue rugby, tee ñaawoore makko meeɗaa mettinde e jokkere enɗam makko.
Billy Slater, coftuɗo Queensland, fawi Klein e nder batu jaayndeeji ko adii fijo ɗiɗaɓo, o wiyi : "So mi haalaama goonga, miin e hoore am miɗo sikki ɗum moƴƴaani so tawii huunde hono ndee ina yaltinee e yeeso yimɓe fof," hade makko ɓeydude heen, "miɗo yiɗi Ashley... ɗum yeewtaaka e nder kampaañ amen, ko ɗum woni darnde am e makko." Laurie Daley, coftuɗo New South Wales, hollitii haala Slater, o wiyi: "Mi jaɓii Bill. Ɗum huunde saɗnde nde geɗe hono ɗee ngaddata, miɗo sikki Ashley ina jogii ballal potngal e yimɓe wonɓe e sara mum ngam wallude mo e yahde e sahaa o. Min ngalaa caɗeele e Ashley wonde e nder fijo ngo." E nder haala makko e rajo SEN, gonnooɗo ƴarotooɗo Brisbane Broncos e Kangaroos, hono Corey Parker, hollitii miijo mum luulndiingo, o wiyi wonde Klein ina foti dartaade e laamu haa nde haala kaa ƴeewtaa no feewi e fedde toppitiinde nuunɗal NRL. Parker wiyi wonde haala kaa ina fotnoo ƴeewteede no feewi, sibu o siftinii wonde, ina wiyee wonde Klein dañii 400 000 dolaar hade makko ittude hoore makko e bettere, hay so tawii noon o dañii fotde miliyoŋaaji 1,5 dolaar e nder oon sahaa gooto.
Caalaje
Klein ko ɓiy gonnooɗo fiytotooɗo Penrith biyeteeɗo John Klein.
Ɓiyiiko Ethan kadi ko ñaawoowo graded e NSWRL. O rokkaama NSWRL Arbiter Junior hitaande e hitaande 2022, hannde ko o arbiter e nder NSW Cup.
Tuugnorgal
khccwioxzzkhcxw32xf9idc6u81rdqj
173694
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2026-06-17T08:56:48Z
Ilya Discuss
10103
#1Lib1Ref
173694
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Databox}}
'''Ashley Klein''' ko gardiiɗo fedde rugby to leydi Ostarali. O adii waɗde arbiter ko to Angalteer, o fuɗɗii golle makko ko e kawgel Rugby League, kono o arti Ostarali, jooni o ardii e Ligue Nationale Rugby.
== Kugal ==
Klein woni hooreejo kawgel NRL e hitaande 2018, 2022, e 2024.
Ñalnde 8 suwee 2002, ñalnde 15 suwee 2002, ñalnde 15 suwee 2003, ñalnde 15 suwee 2003. Klein woniino gardiiɗo kawgel fuku winndere 2008 to Ostarali. O woppi Super League e hitaande 2009 ngam hootde Ostarali, ngam jokkondirde e debbo makko e sukaaɓe makko. E lewru suwee 2024, o wonti neɗɗo ɗiɗaɓo yettaade 400 pottital ñaawirgal e nder NRL nde o ardii pottital finaal hakkunde Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks e North Queensland Cowboys.
Klein ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo fedde wiyeteende Parramatta Eels.
Ñalnde 17 feebariyee 2012, Klein woniino gardiiɗo pottital hakkunde Leeds Rhinos e Manly Sea Eagles to dingiral Headingley Carnegie to Leeds tawi fedde Angalteer heɓi 26-12. Ñalnde 19 abriil 2013 ko kanko woni gardiiɗo jarribo Anzac 2013.
Haa ñalnde 9 sulyee 2025, Klein waɗii ñaawoowo 20 pijirlooji Dowlaaji Dentuɗi. Ko kanko ardii finaal kawgel fuku winndere 2021 to leydi Angalteer.
== Luural ==
== Julaagu ==
E nder ciimtol ngol jaaynde wiyeteende The Sydney Morning Herald yaltini e lewru suwee 2026 (ko adii nde fijo ɗiɗmo ngoo waɗata e nder fijo State of Origin), hollitaama wonde Klein ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e njulaagu pucci e pucci, haa jooni o dañii ko ina ɓura 400 000 dolaar A$ hade makko waɗde fijo ngo. e hitaande 2023. NRL adii anndude haala kaa ko e hitaande 2019, waɗi wiɗto, hollitii wonde Klein bonnaani hay kuule gooto sabu o meeɗaa bettude e ligue rugby. Ko ɗum waɗi o acciraa jokkude golle e nder tolno ɓurɗo toowde, haa arti noon e pottitte State of Origin e NRL Grand Finals.
Ina wiyee wonde julaagu Klein ɓeydiima hay so tawii nanondiral waɗii e ligue (NRL) ngam yuurnitaade golle makko betting. Annduɓe nuunɗal e won e ardiiɓe kippuuji ɗii mbiyi wonde ñaawoowo jogiiɗo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e njulaagu ina waawi addande ɗum baasal e innde mum e nuunɗal mum, hay so tawii alaa ko holliti ɗum ko boni. Ɓeydagol ƴeewndo rewi heen nde feeñi Klein waɗii ƴellitaare karallaagal e departemaa nuunɗal Racing NSW. E nder luural ngal fof, Klein e NRL fof ina njokki e wiyde wonde o meeɗaa bonnude hay kuule, o meeɗaa bettude e ligue rugby, tee ñaawoore makko meeɗaa mettinde e jokkere enɗam makko.
Billy Slater, coftuɗo Queensland, fawi Klein e nder batu jaayndeeji ko adii fijo ɗiɗaɓo, o wiyi : "So mi haalaama goonga, miin e hoore am miɗo sikki ɗum moƴƴaani so tawii huunde hono ndee ina yaltinee e yeeso yimɓe fof," hade makko ɓeydude heen, "miɗo yiɗi Ashley... ɗum yeewtaaka e nder kampaañ amen, ko ɗum woni darnde am e makko." Laurie Daley, coftuɗo New South Wales, hollitii haala Slater, o wiyi: "Mi jaɓii Bill. Ɗum huunde saɗnde nde geɗe hono ɗee ngaddata, miɗo sikki Ashley ina jogii ballal potngal e yimɓe wonɓe e sara mum ngam wallude mo e yahde e sahaa o. Min ngalaa caɗeele e Ashley wonde e nder fijo ngo." E nder haala makko e rajo SEN, gonnooɗo ƴarotooɗo Brisbane Broncos e Kangaroos, hono Corey Parker, hollitii miijo mum luulndiingo, o wiyi wonde Klein ina foti dartaade e laamu haa nde haala kaa ƴeewtaa no feewi e fedde toppitiinde nuunɗal NRL. Parker wiyi wonde haala kaa ina fotnoo ƴeewteede no feewi, sibu o siftinii wonde, ina wiyee wonde Klein dañii 400 000 dolaar hade makko ittude hoore makko e bettere, hay so tawii noon o dañii fotde miliyoŋaaji 1,5 dolaar e nder oon sahaa gooto.
== Caalaje ==
Klein ko ɓiy gonnooɗo fiytotooɗo Penrith biyeteeɗo John Klein.
Ɓiyiiko Ethan kadi ko ñaawoowo graded e NSWRL. O rokkaama NSWRL Arbiter Junior hitaande e hitaande 2022, hannde ko o arbiter e nder NSW Cup.
== Tuugnorgal ==
23wk9qs8s2ucbb3x8mvn9rjjl9d0aok
173696
173694
2026-06-17T08:58:24Z
Ilya Discuss
10103
#1Lib1Ref
173696
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Databox}}
'''Ashley Klein''' ko gardiiɗo fedde rugby to leydi Ostarali. O adii waɗde arbiter ko to Angalteer, o fuɗɗii golle makko ko e kawgel Rugby League, kono o arti Ostarali, jooni o ardii e Ligue Nationale Rugby.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/referees/ashley-klein.html|title=- Ashley Klein (referee) – Rugby League Project|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org|accessdate=21 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.rleague.com/rl/misc/referees.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616052927/http://stats.rleague.com/rl/misc/referees.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 June 2013|title=Rugby League Tables / Referees 1939–2013|date=16 June 2013|accessdate=3 January 2020}}</ref>
== Kugal ==
Klein woni hooreejo kawgel NRL e hitaande 2018, 2022, e 2024.
Ñalnde 8 suwee 2002, ñalnde 15 suwee 2002, ñalnde 15 suwee 2003, ñalnde 15 suwee 2003. Klein woniino gardiiɗo kawgel fuku winndere 2008 to Ostarali. O woppi Super League e hitaande 2009 ngam hootde Ostarali, ngam jokkondirde e debbo makko e sukaaɓe makko. E lewru suwee 2024, o wonti neɗɗo ɗiɗaɓo yettaade 400 pottital ñaawirgal e nder NRL nde o ardii pottital finaal hakkunde Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks e North Queensland Cowboys.
Klein ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo fedde wiyeteende Parramatta Eels.
Ñalnde 17 feebariyee 2012, Klein woniino gardiiɗo pottital hakkunde Leeds Rhinos e Manly Sea Eagles to dingiral Headingley Carnegie to Leeds tawi fedde Angalteer heɓi 26-12. Ñalnde 19 abriil 2013 ko kanko woni gardiiɗo jarribo Anzac 2013.
Haa ñalnde 9 sulyee 2025, Klein waɗii ñaawoowo 20 pijirlooji Dowlaaji Dentuɗi. Ko kanko ardii finaal kawgel fuku winndere 2021 to leydi Angalteer.
== Luural ==
== Julaagu ==
E nder ciimtol ngol jaaynde wiyeteende The Sydney Morning Herald yaltini e lewru suwee 2026 (ko adii nde fijo ɗiɗmo ngoo waɗata e nder fijo State of Origin), hollitaama wonde Klein ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e njulaagu pucci e pucci, haa jooni o dañii ko ina ɓura 400 000 dolaar A$ hade makko waɗde fijo ngo. e hitaande 2023. NRL adii anndude haala kaa ko e hitaande 2019, waɗi wiɗto, hollitii wonde Klein bonnaani hay kuule gooto sabu o meeɗaa bettude e ligue rugby. Ko ɗum waɗi o acciraa jokkude golle e nder tolno ɓurɗo toowde, haa arti noon e pottitte State of Origin e NRL Grand Finals.
Ina wiyee wonde julaagu Klein ɓeydiima hay so tawii nanondiral waɗii e ligue (NRL) ngam yuurnitaade golle makko betting. Annduɓe nuunɗal e won e ardiiɓe kippuuji ɗii mbiyi wonde ñaawoowo jogiiɗo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e njulaagu ina waawi addande ɗum baasal e innde mum e nuunɗal mum, hay so tawii alaa ko holliti ɗum ko boni. Ɓeydagol ƴeewndo rewi heen nde feeñi Klein waɗii ƴellitaare karallaagal e departemaa nuunɗal Racing NSW. E nder luural ngal fof, Klein e NRL fof ina njokki e wiyde wonde o meeɗaa bonnude hay kuule, o meeɗaa bettude e ligue rugby, tee ñaawoore makko meeɗaa mettinde e jokkere enɗam makko.
Billy Slater, coftuɗo Queensland, fawi Klein e nder batu jaayndeeji ko adii fijo ɗiɗaɓo, o wiyi : "So mi haalaama goonga, miin e hoore am miɗo sikki ɗum moƴƴaani so tawii huunde hono ndee ina yaltinee e yeeso yimɓe fof," hade makko ɓeydude heen, "miɗo yiɗi Ashley... ɗum yeewtaaka e nder kampaañ amen, ko ɗum woni darnde am e makko." Laurie Daley, coftuɗo New South Wales, hollitii haala Slater, o wiyi: "Mi jaɓii Bill. Ɗum huunde saɗnde nde geɗe hono ɗee ngaddata, miɗo sikki Ashley ina jogii ballal potngal e yimɓe wonɓe e sara mum ngam wallude mo e yahde e sahaa o. Min ngalaa caɗeele e Ashley wonde e nder fijo ngo." E nder haala makko e rajo SEN, gonnooɗo ƴarotooɗo Brisbane Broncos e Kangaroos, hono Corey Parker, hollitii miijo mum luulndiingo, o wiyi wonde Klein ina foti dartaade e laamu haa nde haala kaa ƴeewtaa no feewi e fedde toppitiinde nuunɗal NRL. Parker wiyi wonde haala kaa ina fotnoo ƴeewteede no feewi, sibu o siftinii wonde, ina wiyee wonde Klein dañii 400 000 dolaar hade makko ittude hoore makko e bettere, hay so tawii noon o dañii fotde miliyoŋaaji 1,5 dolaar e nder oon sahaa gooto.
== Caalaje ==
Klein ko ɓiy gonnooɗo fiytotooɗo Penrith biyeteeɗo John Klein.
Ɓiyiiko Ethan kadi ko ñaawoowo graded e NSWRL. O rokkaama NSWRL Arbiter Junior hitaande e hitaande 2022, hannde ko o arbiter e nder NSW Cup.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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{{Databox}}
'''Ashley Klein''' ko gardiiɗo fedde rugby to leydi Ostarali. O adii waɗde arbiter ko to Angalteer, o fuɗɗii golle makko ko e kawgel Rugby League, kono o arti Ostarali, jooni o ardii e Ligue Nationale Rugby.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/referees/ashley-klein.html|title=- Ashley Klein (referee) – Rugby League Project|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org|accessdate=21 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.rleague.com/rl/misc/referees.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616052927/http://stats.rleague.com/rl/misc/referees.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 June 2013|title=Rugby League Tables / Referees 1939–2013|date=16 June 2013|accessdate=3 January 2020}}</ref>
== Kugal ==
Klein woni hooreejo kawgel NRL e hitaande 2018, 2022, e 2024.
Ñalnde 8 suwee 2002, ñalnde 15 suwee 2002, ñalnde 15 suwee 2003, ñalnde 15 suwee 2003. Klein woniino gardiiɗo kawgel fuku winndere 2008 to Ostarali. O woppi Super League e hitaande 2009 ngam hootde Ostarali, ngam jokkondirde e debbo makko e sukaaɓe makko. E lewru suwee 2024, o wonti neɗɗo ɗiɗaɓo yettaade 400 pottital ñaawirgal e nder NRL nde o ardii pottital finaal hakkunde Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks e Nor,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-09-27|title=Klein, Badger ready to play their part in Grand Final showpiece|url=https://www.nrl.com/news/2022/09/27/2022-grand-final-match-officials-confirmed/|access-date=2024-10-01|website=National Rugby League|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Pengilly|first1=Adam|last2=Chamas|first2=Michael|last3=Eder|first3=Billie|last4=Walsh|first4=Dan|date=2024-09-30|title=Butler left out of NRL grand final after controversial bunker call|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/nrl/around-the-clubs-nrl-grand-final-2024-20240930-p5kegv.html|access-date=2024-10-01|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en}}</ref>
Klein ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo fedde wiyeteende Parramatta Eels.
Ñalnde 17 feebariyee 2012, Klein woniino gardiiɗo pottital hakkunde Leeds Rhinos e Manly Sea Eagles to dingiral Headingley Carnegie to Leeds tawi fedde Angalteer heɓi 26-12. Ñalnde 19 abriil 2013 ko kanko woni gardiiɗo jarribo Anzac 2013.
Haa ñalnde 9 sulyee 2025, Klein waɗii ñaawoowo 20 pijirlooji Dowlaaji Dentuɗi. Ko kanko ardii finaal kawgel fuku winndere 2021 to leydi Angalteer.
== Luural ==
== Julaagu ==
E nder ciimtol ngol jaaynde wiyeteende The Sydney Morning Herald yaltini e lewru suwee 2026 (ko adii nde fijo ɗiɗmo ngoo waɗata e nder fijo State of Origin), hollitaama wonde Klein ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e njulaagu pucci e pucci, haa jooni o dañii ko ina ɓura 400 000 dolaar A$ hade makko waɗde fijo ngo. e hitaande 2023. NRL adii anndude haala kaa ko e hitaande 2019, waɗi wiɗto, hollitii wonde Klein bonnaani hay kuule gooto sabu o meeɗaa bettude e ligue rugby. Ko ɗum waɗi o acciraa jokkude golle e nder tolno ɓurɗo toowde, haa arti noon e pottitte State of Origin e NRL Grand Finals.
Ina wiyee wonde julaagu Klein ɓeydiima hay so tawii nanondiral waɗii e ligue (NRL) ngam yuurnitaade golle makko betting. Annduɓe nuunɗal e won e ardiiɓe kippuuji ɗii mbiyi wonde ñaawoowo jogiiɗo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e njulaagu ina waawi addande ɗum baasal e innde mum e nuunɗal mum, hay so tawii alaa ko holliti ɗum ko boni. Ɓeydagol ƴeewndo rewi heen nde feeñi Klein waɗii ƴellitaare karallaagal e departemaa nuunɗal Racing NSW. E nder luural ngal fof, Klein e NRL fof ina njokki e wiyde wonde o meeɗaa bonnude hay kuule, o meeɗaa bettude e ligue rugby, tee ñaawoore makko meeɗaa mettinde e jokkere enɗam makko.
Billy Slater, coftuɗo Queensland, fawi Klein e nder batu jaayndeeji ko adii fijo ɗiɗaɓo, o wiyi : "So mi haalaama goonga, miin e hoore am miɗo sikki ɗum moƴƴaani so tawii huunde hono ndee ina yaltinee e yeeso yimɓe fof," hade makko ɓeydude heen, "miɗo yiɗi Ashley... ɗum yeewtaaka e nder kampaañ amen, ko ɗum woni darnde am e makko." Laurie Daley, coftuɗo New South Wales, hollitii haala Slater, o wiyi: "Mi jaɓii Bill. Ɗum huunde saɗnde nde geɗe hono ɗee ngaddata, miɗo sikki Ashley ina jogii ballal potngal e yimɓe wonɓe e sara mum ngam wallude mo e yahde e sahaa o. Min ngalaa caɗeele e Ashley wonde e nder fijo ngo." E nder haala makko e rajo SEN, gonnooɗo ƴarotooɗo Brisbane Broncos e Kangaroos, hono Corey Parker, hollitii miijo mum luulndiingo, o wiyi wonde Klein ina foti dartaade e laamu haa nde haala kaa ƴeewtaa no feewi e fedde toppitiinde nuunɗal NRL. Parker wiyi wonde haala kaa ina fotnoo ƴeewteede no feewi, sibu o siftinii wonde, ina wiyee wonde Klein dañii 400 000 dolaar hade makko ittude hoore makko e bettere, hay so tawii noon o dañii fotde miliyoŋaaji 1,5 dolaar e nder oon sahaa gooto.
== Caalaje ==
Klein ko ɓiy gonnooɗo fiytotooɗo Penrith biyeteeɗo John Klein.
Ɓiyiiko Ethan kadi ko ñaawoowo graded e NSWRL. O rokkaama NSWRL Arbiter Junior hitaande e hitaande 2022, hannde ko o arbiter e nder NSW Cup.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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{{Databox}}
'''Ashley Klein''' ko gardiiɗo fedde rugby to leydi Ostarali. O adii waɗde arbiter ko to Angalteer, o fuɗɗii golle makko ko e kawgel Rugby League, kono o arti Ostarali, jooni o ardii e Ligue Nationale Rugby.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/referees/ashley-klein.html|title=- Ashley Klein (referee) – Rugby League Project|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org|accessdate=21 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.rleague.com/rl/misc/referees.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616052927/http://stats.rleague.com/rl/misc/referees.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 June 2013|title=Rugby League Tables / Referees 1939–2013|date=16 June 2013|accessdate=3 January 2020}}</ref>
== Kugal ==
Klein woni hooreejo kawgel NRL e hitaande 2018, 2022, e 2024.
Ñalnde 8 suwee 2002, ñalnde 15 suwee 2002, ñalnde 15 suwee 2003, ñalnde 15 suwee 2003. Klein woniino gardiiɗo kawgel fuku winndere 2008 to Ostarali. O woppi Super League e hitaande 2009 ngam hootde Ostarali, ngam jokkondirde e debbo makko e sukaaɓe makko. E lewru suwee 2024, o wonti neɗɗo ɗiɗaɓo yettaade 400 pottital ñaawirgal e nder NRL nde o ardii pottital finaal hakkunde Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks e Nor,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-09-27|title=Klein, Badger ready to play their part in Grand Final showpiece|url=https://www.nrl.com/news/2022/09/27/2022-grand-final-match-officials-confirmed/|access-date=2024-10-01|website=National Rugby League|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Pengilly|first1=Adam|last2=Chamas|first2=Michael|last3=Eder|first3=Billie|last4=Walsh|first4=Dan|date=2024-09-30|title=Butler left out of NRL grand final after controversial bunker call|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/nrl/around-the-clubs-nrl-grand-final-2024-20240930-p5kegv.html|access-date=2024-10-01|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en}}</ref>
Klein ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo fedde wiyeteende Parramatta Eels.
Ñalnde 17 feebariyee 2012, Klein woniino gardiiɗo pottital hakkunde Leeds Rhinos e Manly Sea Eagles to dingiral Headingley Carnegie to Leeds tawi fedde Angalteer heɓi 26-12. Ñalnde 19 abriil 2013 ko kanko woni gardiiɗo jarribo Anzac 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Awards|url=http://www.rlif.com/awards|work=rlif.com|publisher=[[Rugby League International Federation]]|accessdate=5 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412061117/http://www.rlif.com/awards|archive-date=12 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/rugbyleague/4307330/Top-referee-Ashley-Klein-going-back-to-Australia.html|title=Top referee Ashley Klein going back to Australia|first=Michael|last=Fisher|date=21 January 2009|accessdate=3 January 2020|work=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Walter|first1=Brad|title=How Klein overcame career threatening injury to referee 400 NRL games|url=https://www.nrl.com/news/2024/09/20/how-klein-overcame-career-threatening-injury-to-referee-400-nrl-games/|website=NRL|date=20 September 2024|access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ashley Klein appointed NRL grand final referee as league snubs video ref slammed by Ivan Cleary|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-10-01/nrl-grand-final-ashley-klein-named-referee-chris-butler-axed/104418530|website=ABC News|date=October 2024|access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref>
Haa ñalnde 9 sulyee 2025, Klein waɗii ñaawoowo 20 pijirlooji Dowlaaji Dentuɗi. Ko kanko ardii finaal kawgel fuku winndere 2021 to leydi Angalteer.
== Luural ==
== Julaagu ==
E nder ciimtol ngol jaaynde wiyeteende The Sydney Morning Herald yaltini e lewru suwee 2026 (ko adii nde fijo ɗiɗmo ngoo waɗata e nder fijo State of Origin), hollitaama wonde Klein ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e njulaagu pucci e pucci, haa jooni o dañii ko ina ɓura 400 000 dolaar A$ hade makko waɗde fijo ngo. e hitaande 2023. NRL adii anndude haala kaa ko e hitaande 2019, waɗi wiɗto, hollitii wonde Klein bonnaani hay kuule gooto sabu o meeɗaa bettude e ligue rugby. Ko ɗum waɗi o acciraa jokkude golle e nder tolno ɓurɗo toowde, haa arti noon e pottitte State of Origin e NRL Grand Finals.
Ina wiyee wonde julaagu Klein ɓeydiima hay so tawii nanondiral waɗii e ligue (NRL) ngam yuurnitaade golle makko betting. Annduɓe nuunɗal e won e ardiiɓe kippuuji ɗii mbiyi wonde ñaawoowo jogiiɗo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e njulaagu ina waawi addande ɗum baasal e innde mum e nuunɗal mum, hay so tawii alaa ko holliti ɗum ko boni. Ɓeydagol ƴeewndo rewi heen nde feeñi Klein waɗii ƴellitaare karallaagal e departemaa nuunɗal Racing NSW. E nder luural ngal fof, Klein e NRL fof ina njokki e wiyde wonde o meeɗaa bonnude hay kuule, o meeɗaa bettude e ligue rugby, tee ñaawoore makko meeɗaa mettinde e jokkere enɗam makko.
Billy Slater, coftuɗo Queensland, fawi Klein e nder batu jaayndeeji ko adii fijo ɗiɗaɓo, o wiyi : "So mi haalaama goonga, miin e hoore am miɗo sikki ɗum moƴƴaani so tawii huunde hono ndee ina yaltinee e yeeso yimɓe fof," hade makko ɓeydude heen, "miɗo yiɗi Ashley... ɗum yeewtaaka e nder kampaañ amen, ko ɗum woni darnde am e makko." Laurie Daley, coftuɗo New South Wales, hollitii haala Slater, o wiyi: "Mi jaɓii Bill. Ɗum huunde saɗnde nde geɗe hono ɗee ngaddata, miɗo sikki Ashley ina jogii ballal potngal e yimɓe wonɓe e sara mum ngam wallude mo e yahde e sahaa o. Min ngalaa caɗeele e Ashley wonde e nder fijo ngo." E nder haala makko e rajo SEN, gonnooɗo ƴarotooɗo Brisbane Broncos e Kangaroos, hono Corey Parker, hollitii miijo mum luulndiingo, o wiyi wonde Klein ina foti dartaade e laamu haa nde haala kaa ƴeewtaa no feewi e fedde toppitiinde nuunɗal NRL. Parker wiyi wonde haala kaa ina fotnoo ƴeewteede no feewi, sibu o siftinii wonde, ina wiyee wonde Klein dañii 400 000 dolaar hade makko ittude hoore makko e bettere, hay so tawii noon o dañii fotde miliyoŋaaji 1,5 dolaar e nder oon sahaa gooto.
== Caalaje ==
Klein ko ɓiy gonnooɗo fiytotooɗo Penrith biyeteeɗo John Klein.
Ɓiyiiko Ethan kadi ko ñaawoowo graded e NSWRL. O rokkaama NSWRL Arbiter Junior hitaande e hitaande 2022, hannde ko o arbiter e nder NSW Cup.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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{{Databox}}
'''Ashley Klein''' ko gardiiɗo fedde rugby to leydi Ostarali. O adii waɗde arbiter ko to Angalteer, o fuɗɗii golle makko ko e kawgel Rugby League, kono o arti Ostarali, jooni o ardii e Ligue Nationale Rugby.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/referees/ashley-klein.html|title=- Ashley Klein (referee) – Rugby League Project|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org|accessdate=21 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.rleague.com/rl/misc/referees.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616052927/http://stats.rleague.com/rl/misc/referees.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 June 2013|title=Rugby League Tables / Referees 1939–2013|date=16 June 2013|accessdate=3 January 2020}}</ref>
== Kugal ==
Klein woni hooreejo kawgel NRL e hitaande 2018, 2022, e 2024.
Ñalnde 8 suwee 2002, ñalnde 15 suwee 2002, ñalnde 15 suwee 2003, ñalnde 15 suwee 2003. Klein woniino gardiiɗo kawgel fuku winndere 2008 to Ostarali. O woppi Super League e hitaande 2009 ngam hootde Ostarali, ngam jokkondirde e debbo makko e sukaaɓe makko. E lewru suwee 2024, o wonti neɗɗo ɗiɗaɓo yettaade 400 pottital ñaawirgal e nder NRL nde o ardii pottital finaal hakkunde Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks e Nor,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-09-27|title=Klein, Badger ready to play their part in Grand Final showpiece|url=https://www.nrl.com/news/2022/09/27/2022-grand-final-match-officials-confirmed/|access-date=2024-10-01|website=National Rugby League|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Pengilly|first1=Adam|last2=Chamas|first2=Michael|last3=Eder|first3=Billie|last4=Walsh|first4=Dan|date=2024-09-30|title=Butler left out of NRL grand final after controversial bunker call|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/nrl/around-the-clubs-nrl-grand-final-2024-20240930-p5kegv.html|access-date=2024-10-01|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en}}</ref>
Klein ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo fedde wiyeteende Parramatta Eels.
Ñalnde 17 feebariyee 2012, Klein woniino gardiiɗo pottital hakkunde Leeds Rhinos e Manly Sea Eagles to dingiral Headingley Carnegie to Leeds tawi fedde Angalteer heɓi 26-12. Ñalnde 19 abriil 2013 ko kanko woni gardiiɗo jarribo Anzac 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Awards|url=http://www.rlif.com/awards|work=rlif.com|publisher=[[Rugby League International Federation]]|accessdate=5 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412061117/http://www.rlif.com/awards|archive-date=12 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/rugbyleague/4307330/Top-referee-Ashley-Klein-going-back-to-Australia.html|title=Top referee Ashley Klein going back to Australia|first=Michael|last=Fisher|date=21 January 2009|accessdate=3 January 2020|work=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Walter|first1=Brad|title=How Klein overcame career threatening injury to referee 400 NRL games|url=https://www.nrl.com/news/2024/09/20/how-klein-overcame-career-threatening-injury-to-referee-400-nrl-games/|website=NRL|date=20 September 2024|access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ashley Klein appointed NRL grand final referee as league snubs video ref slammed by Ivan Cleary|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-10-01/nrl-grand-final-ashley-klein-named-referee-chris-butler-axed/104418530|website=ABC News|date=October 2024|access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref>
Haa ñalnde 9 sulyee 2025, Klein waɗii ñaawoowo 20 pijirlooji Dowlaaji Dentuɗi. Ko kanko ardii finaal kawgel fuku winndere 2021 to leydi Angalteer.<ref>[http://www.nrl.com/News/Latest/tabid/10244/default.aspx?id=53646 NRL ref Klein heading home to Australia] '''NRL.com'''</ref>
== Luural ==
== Julaagu ==
E nder ciimtol ngol jaaynde wiyeteende The Sydney Morning Herald yaltini e lewru suwee 2026 (ko adii nde fijo ɗiɗmo ngoo waɗata e nder fijo State of Origin), hollitaama wonde Klein ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e njulaagu pucci e pucci, haa jooni o dañii ko ina ɓura 400 000 dolaar A$ hade makko waɗde fijo ngo. e hitaande 2023. NRL adii anndude haala kaa ko e hitaande 2019, waɗi wiɗto, hollitii wonde Klein bonnaani hay kuule gooto sabu o meeɗaa bettude e ligue rugby. Ko ɗum waɗi o acciraa jokkude golle e nder tolno ɓurɗo toowde, haa arti noon e pottitte State of Origin e NRL Grand Finals.
Ina wiyee wonde julaagu Klein ɓeydiima hay so tawii nanondiral waɗii e ligue (NRL) ngam yuurnitaade golle makko betting. Annduɓe nuunɗal e won e ardiiɓe kippuuji ɗii mbiyi wonde ñaawoowo jogiiɗo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e njulaagu ina waawi addande ɗum baasal e innde mum e nuunɗal mum, hay so tawii alaa ko holliti ɗum ko boni. Ɓeydagol ƴeewndo rewi heen nde feeñi Klein waɗii ƴellitaare karallaagal e departemaa nuunɗal Racing NSW. E nder luural ngal fof, Klein e NRL fof ina njokki e wiyde wonde o meeɗaa bonnude hay kuule, o meeɗaa bettude e ligue rugby, tee ñaawoore makko meeɗaa mettinde e jokkere enɗam makko.
Billy Slater, coftuɗo Queensland, fawi Klein e nder batu jaayndeeji ko adii fijo ɗiɗaɓo, o wiyi : "So mi haalaama goonga, miin e hoore am miɗo sikki ɗum moƴƴaani so tawii huunde hono ndee ina yaltinee e yeeso yimɓe fof," hade makko ɓeydude heen, "miɗo yiɗi Ashley... ɗum yeewtaaka e nder kampaañ amen, ko ɗum woni darnde am e makko." Laurie Daley, coftuɗo New South Wales, hollitii haala Slater, o wiyi: "Mi jaɓii Bill. Ɗum huunde saɗnde nde geɗe hono ɗee ngaddata, miɗo sikki Ashley ina jogii ballal potngal e yimɓe wonɓe e sara mum ngam wallude mo e yahde e sahaa o. Min ngalaa caɗeele e Ashley wonde e nder fijo ngo." E nder haala makko e rajo SEN, gonnooɗo ƴarotooɗo Brisbane Broncos e Kangaroos, hono Corey Parker, hollitii miijo mum luulndiingo, o wiyi wonde Klein ina foti dartaade e laamu haa nde haala kaa ƴeewtaa no feewi e fedde toppitiinde nuunɗal NRL. Parker wiyi wonde haala kaa ina fotnoo ƴeewteede no feewi, sibu o siftinii wonde, ina wiyee wonde Klein dañii 400 000 dolaar hade makko ittude hoore makko e bettere, hay so tawii noon o dañii fotde miliyoŋaaji 1,5 dolaar e nder oon sahaa gooto.
== Caalaje ==
Klein ko ɓiy gonnooɗo fiytotooɗo Penrith biyeteeɗo John Klein.
Ɓiyiiko Ethan kadi ko ñaawoowo graded e NSWRL. O rokkaama NSWRL Arbiter Junior hitaande e hitaande 2022, hannde ko o arbiter e nder NSW Cup.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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{{Databox}}
'''Ashley Klein''' ko gardiiɗo fedde rugby to leydi Ostarali. O adii waɗde arbiter ko to Angalteer, o fuɗɗii golle makko ko e kawgel Rugby League, kono o arti Ostarali, jooni o ardii e Ligue Nationale Rugby.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/referees/ashley-klein.html|title=- Ashley Klein (referee) – Rugby League Project|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org|accessdate=21 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://stats.rleague.com/rl/misc/referees.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616052927/http://stats.rleague.com/rl/misc/referees.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 June 2013|title=Rugby League Tables / Referees 1939–2013|date=16 June 2013|accessdate=3 January 2020}}</ref>
== Kugal ==
Klein woni hooreejo kawgel NRL e hitaande 2018, 2022, e 2024.
Ñalnde 8 suwee 2002, ñalnde 15 suwee 2002, ñalnde 15 suwee 2003, ñalnde 15 suwee 2003. Klein woniino gardiiɗo kawgel fuku winndere 2008 to Ostarali. O woppi Super League e hitaande 2009 ngam hootde Ostarali, ngam jokkondirde e debbo makko e sukaaɓe makko. E lewru suwee 2024, o wonti neɗɗo ɗiɗaɓo yettaade 400 pottital ñaawirgal e nder NRL nde o ardii pottital finaal hakkunde Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks e Nor,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-09-27|title=Klein, Badger ready to play their part in Grand Final showpiece|url=https://www.nrl.com/news/2022/09/27/2022-grand-final-match-officials-confirmed/|access-date=2024-10-01|website=National Rugby League|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Pengilly|first1=Adam|last2=Chamas|first2=Michael|last3=Eder|first3=Billie|last4=Walsh|first4=Dan|date=2024-09-30|title=Butler left out of NRL grand final after controversial bunker call|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/nrl/around-the-clubs-nrl-grand-final-2024-20240930-p5kegv.html|access-date=2024-10-01|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en}}</ref>
Klein ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo fedde wiyeteende Parramatta Eels.
Ñalnde 17 feebariyee 2012, Klein woniino gardiiɗo pottital hakkunde Leeds Rhinos e Manly Sea Eagles to dingiral Headingley Carnegie to Leeds tawi fedde Angalteer heɓi 26-12. Ñalnde 19 abriil 2013 ko kanko woni gardiiɗo jarribo Anzac 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Awards|url=http://www.rlif.com/awards|work=rlif.com|publisher=[[Rugby League International Federation]]|accessdate=5 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412061117/http://www.rlif.com/awards|archive-date=12 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/rugbyleague/4307330/Top-referee-Ashley-Klein-going-back-to-Australia.html|title=Top referee Ashley Klein going back to Australia|first=Michael|last=Fisher|date=21 January 2009|accessdate=3 January 2020|work=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Walter|first1=Brad|title=How Klein overcame career threatening injury to referee 400 NRL games|url=https://www.nrl.com/news/2024/09/20/how-klein-overcame-career-threatening-injury-to-referee-400-nrl-games/|website=NRL|date=20 September 2024|access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ashley Klein appointed NRL grand final referee as league snubs video ref slammed by Ivan Cleary|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-10-01/nrl-grand-final-ashley-klein-named-referee-chris-butler-axed/104418530|website=ABC News|date=October 2024|access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref>
Haa ñalnde 9 sulyee 2025, Klein waɗii ñaawoowo 20 pijirlooji Dowlaaji Dentuɗi. Ko kanko ardii finaal kawgel fuku winndere 2021 to leydi Angalteer.<ref>[http://www.nrl.com/News/Latest/tabid/10244/default.aspx?id=53646 NRL ref Klein heading home to Australia] '''NRL.com'''</ref>
== Luural ==
== Julaagu ==
E nder ciimtol ngol jaaynde wiyeteende The Sydney Morning Herald yaltini e lewru suwee 2026 (ko adii nde fijo ɗiɗmo ngoo waɗata e nder fijo State of Origin), hollitaama wonde Klein ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e njulaagu pucci e pucci, haa jooni o dañii ko ina ɓura 400 000 dolaar A$ hade makko waɗde fijo ngo. e hitaande 2023. NRL adii anndude haala kaa ko e hitaande 2019, waɗi wiɗto, hollitii wonde Klein bonnaani hay kuule gooto sabu o meeɗaa bettude e ligue rugby. Ko ɗum waɗi o acciraa jokkude golle e nder tolno ɓurɗo toowde, haa arti noon e pottitte State of Origin e NRL Grand Finals.<ref>[http://www.nrl.com/News/Latest/tabid/10244/default.aspx?id=53646 NRL ref Klein heading home to Australia] '''NRL.com'''</ref>
Ina wiyee wonde julaagu Klein ɓeydiima hay so tawii nanondiral waɗii e ligue (NRL) ngam yuurnitaade golle makko betting. Annduɓe nuunɗal e won e ardiiɓe kippuuji ɗii mbiyi wonde ñaawoowo jogiiɗo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e njulaagu ina waawi addande ɗum baasal e innde mum e nuunɗal mum, hay so tawii alaa ko holliti ɗum ko boni. Ɓeydagol ƴeewndo rewi heen nde feeñi Klein waɗii ƴellitaare karallaagal e departemaa nuunɗal Racing NSW. E nder luural ngal fof, Klein e NRL fof ina njokki e wiyde wonde o meeɗaa bonnude hay kuule, o meeɗaa bettude e ligue rugby, tee ñaawoore makko meeɗaa mettinde e jokkere enɗam makko.
Billy Slater, coftuɗo Queensland, fawi Klein e nder batu jaayndeeji ko adii fijo ɗiɗaɓo, o wiyi : "So mi haalaama goonga, miin e hoore am miɗo sikki ɗum moƴƴaani so tawii huunde hono ndee ina yaltinee e yeeso yimɓe fof," hade makko ɓeydude heen, "miɗo yiɗi Ashley... ɗum yeewtaaka e nder kampaañ amen, ko ɗum woni darnde am e makko." Laurie Daley, coftuɗo New South Wales, hollitii haala Slater, o wiyi: "Mi jaɓii Bill. Ɗum huunde saɗnde nde geɗe hono ɗee ngaddata, miɗo sikki Ashley ina jogii ballal potngal e yimɓe wonɓe e sara mum ngam wallude mo e yahde e sahaa o. Min ngalaa caɗeele e Ashley wonde e nder fijo ngo." E nder haala makko e rajo SEN, gonnooɗo ƴarotooɗo Brisbane Broncos e Kangaroos, hono Corey Parker, hollitii miijo mum luulndiingo, o wiyi wonde Klein ina foti dartaade e laamu haa nde haala kaa ƴeewtaa no feewi e fedde toppitiinde nuunɗal NRL. Parker wiyi wonde haala kaa ina fotnoo ƴeewteede no feewi, sibu o siftinii wonde, ina wiyee wonde Klein dañii 400 000 dolaar hade makko ittude hoore makko e bettere, hay so tawii noon o dañii fotde miliyoŋaaji 1,5 dolaar e nder oon sahaa gooto.
== Caalaje ==
Klein ko ɓiy gonnooɗo fiytotooɗo Penrith biyeteeɗo John Klein.
Ɓiyiiko Ethan kadi ko ñaawoowo graded e NSWRL. O rokkaama NSWRL Arbiter Junior hitaande e hitaande 2022, hannde ko o arbiter e nder NSW Cup.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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Created page with "'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.[1] Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam. == Mahugo == Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasala..."
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.[1] Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,[2] e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy[2]. Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.[3][5]
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.[6][7]
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).[8][9]
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.[10] Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.[11]
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.[12]
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.[13][14][15]
== Wakere ==
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.[16] E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum.[17] Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum,[18] ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.[19]
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.[20]
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.[1] Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,[2] e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy[2]. Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.[3][5]
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.[6][7]
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).[8][9]
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.[10] Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.[11]
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.[12]
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.[13][14][15]
== Wakere ==
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.[16] E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum.[17] Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum,[18] ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.[19]
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.[20]
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.[21]
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."[22]
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."[23]
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.[43]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.[1] Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,[2] e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy[2]. Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.[3][5]
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.[6][7]
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).[8][9]
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.[10] Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.[11]
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.[12]
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.[13][14][15]
== Wakere ==
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.[16] E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum.[17] Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum,[18] ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.[19]
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.[20]
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.[21]
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."[22]
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."[23]
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.[43]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.[1] Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,[2] e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy[2]. Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.[3][5]
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.[6][7]
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).[8][9]
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.[10] Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.[11]
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.[12]
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.[13][14][15]
== Wakere ==
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.[16] E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum.[17] Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum,[18] ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.[19]
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.[20]
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
{{multiple image
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.[21]
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."[22]
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."[23]
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.[43]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.[1] Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,[2] e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy[2]. Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.[3][5]
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.[6][7]
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).[8][9]
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.[10] Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.[11]
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.[12]
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.[13][14][15]
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.[16] E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum.[17] Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum,[18] ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.[19]
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.[20]
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
{{multiple image
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| image1 = Kariba Dam Construction.jpg
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.[21]
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."[22]
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."[23]
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.[43]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.[1] Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,[2] e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy[2]. Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.[3][5]
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.[6][7]
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).[8][9]
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.[10] Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.[11]
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.[12]
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.[13][14][15]
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.[16] E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum.[17] Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum,[18] ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.[19]
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.[20]
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
{{multiple image
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| header =
| header_align =
| header_background=
| footer = The dam under construction in the 1950s, showing the dangers faced by the workers.
| footer_align = center
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| width =
| image1 = Kariba Dam Construction.jpg
| width1 = 150
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| image2 = Kariba Dam Construction 2.jpg
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}}
Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.[21]
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."[22]
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."[23]
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.[43]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,[2] e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy[2]. Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.[3][5]
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.[6][7]
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).[8][9]
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.[10] Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.[11]
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.[12]
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.[13][14][15]
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.[16] E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum.[17] Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum,[18] ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.[19]
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.[20]
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
{{multiple image
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.[21]
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."[22]
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."[23]
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.[43]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,[2] e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref>"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.[3][5]
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.[6][7]
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).[8][9]
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.[10] Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.[11]
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.[12]
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.[13][14][15]
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.[16] E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum.[17] Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum,[18] ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.[19]
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.[20]
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
{{multiple image
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.[21]
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."[22]
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."[23]
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.[43]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.[6][7]
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).[8][9]
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.[10] Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.[11]
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.[12]
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.[13][14][15]
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.[16] E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum.[17] Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum,[18] ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.[19]
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.[20]
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
{{multiple image
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| footer = The dam under construction in the 1950s, showing the dangers faced by the workers.
| footer_align = center
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| image1 = Kariba Dam Construction.jpg
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.[21]
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."[22]
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."[23]
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.[43]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).[8][9]
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.[10] Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.[11]
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.[12]
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.[13][14][15]
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.[16] E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum.[17] Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum,[18] ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.[19]
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.[20]
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
{{multiple image
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| header =
| header_align =
| header_background=
| footer = The dam under construction in the 1950s, showing the dangers faced by the workers.
| footer_align = center
| footer_background=
| width =
| image1 = Kariba Dam Construction.jpg
| width1 = 150
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| image2 = Kariba Dam Construction 2.jpg
| width2 = 150
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}}
Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.[21]
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."[22]
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."[23]
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.[43]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).[8][9]
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.[10] Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.[11]
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.[12]
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.[13][14][15]
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.[16] E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum.[17] Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum,[18] ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.[19]
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.[20]
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
{{multiple image
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.[21]
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."[22]
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."[23]
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.[43]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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{{Databox}}
'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved </ref>
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.[10] Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.[11]
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.[12]
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.[13][14][15]
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.[16] E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum.[17] Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum,[18] ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.[19]
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.[20]
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.[21]
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."[22]
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."[23]
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.[43]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved </ref><ref>"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref>
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.[10] Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.[11]
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.[12]
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.[13][14][15]
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.[16] E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum.[17] Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum,[18] ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.[19]
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.[20]
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
{{multiple image
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| footer = The dam under construction in the 1950s, showing the dangers faced by the workers.
| footer_align = center
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| image1 = Kariba Dam Construction.jpg
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.[21]
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."[22]
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."[23]
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.[43]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved </ref><ref>"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref>
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.<ref>'No talks with the West' - Zimbabwe Archived 2013-12-15 at the Wayback Machine Zimbabwe Mail,10 May 2013</ref> Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.[11]
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.[12]
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.[13][14][15]
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.[16] E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum.[17] Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum,[18] ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.[19]
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.[20]
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
{{multiple image
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| header =
| header_align =
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| footer = The dam under construction in the 1950s, showing the dangers faced by the workers.
| footer_align = center
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| image1 = Kariba Dam Construction.jpg
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.[21]
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."[22]
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."[23]
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.[43]
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved </ref><ref>"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref>
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.<ref>'No talks with the West' - Zimbabwe Archived 2013-12-15 at the Wayback Machine Zimbabwe Mail,10 May 2013</ref> Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.<ref>"Zimbabwe: Kariba South Power Expansion On Course". The Herald. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref>
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.[12]
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.[13][14][15]
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.[16] E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum.[17] Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum,[18] ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.[19]
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.[20]
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.[21]
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."[22]
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."[23]
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.[43]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved </ref><ref>"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref>
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.<ref>'No talks with the West' - Zimbabwe Archived 2013-12-15 at the Wayback Machine Zimbabwe Mail,10 May 2013</ref> Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.<ref>"Zimbabwe: Kariba South Power Expansion On Course". The Herald. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref>
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.<ref>Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (30 March 2018). "Zimbabwe Commissions Chinese-Built Power Plant". Beijing: Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref>
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.[13][14][15]
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.[16] E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum.[17] Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum,[18] ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.[19]
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.[20]
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.[21]
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."[22]
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."[23]
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.[43]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved </ref><ref>"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref>
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.<ref>'No talks with the West' - Zimbabwe Archived 2013-12-15 at the Wayback Machine Zimbabwe Mail,10 May 2013</ref> Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.<ref>"Zimbabwe: Kariba South Power Expansion On Course". The Herald. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref>
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.<ref>Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (30 March 2018). "Zimbabwe Commissions Chinese-Built Power Plant". Beijing: Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref>
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.<ref>"DBSA provides $105m for Zambia hydropower expansion". Cramer Media's Engineering News. 5 November 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2017.</ref>
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.[16] E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum.[17] Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum,[18] ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.[19]
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.[20]
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
{{multiple image
| align = left
| direction = horizontal
| header =
| header_align =
| header_background=
| footer = The dam under construction in the 1950s, showing the dangers faced by the workers.
| footer_align = center
| footer_background=
| width =
| image1 = Kariba Dam Construction.jpg
| width1 = 150
| caption1 =
| image2 = Kariba Dam Construction 2.jpg
| width2 = 150
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}}
Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.[21]
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."[22]
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."[23]
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.[43]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved </ref><ref>"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref>
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.<ref>'No talks with the West' - Zimbabwe Archived 2013-12-15 at the Wayback Machine Zimbabwe Mail,10 May 2013</ref> Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.<ref>"Zimbabwe: Kariba South Power Expansion On Course". The Herald. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref>
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.<ref>Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (30 March 2018). "Zimbabwe Commissions Chinese-Built Power Plant". Beijing: Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref>
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.<ref>"DBSA provides $105m for Zambia hydropower expansion". Cramer Media's Engineering News. 5 November 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2017.</ref>
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-11-17.</ref> E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum.[17] Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum,[18] ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.[19]
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.[20]
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
{{multiple image
| align = left
| direction = horizontal
| header =
| header_align =
| header_background=
| footer = The dam under construction in the 1950s, showing the dangers faced by the workers.
| footer_align = center
| footer_background=
| width =
| image1 = Kariba Dam Construction.jpg
| width1 = 150
| caption1 =
| image2 = Kariba Dam Construction 2.jpg
| width2 = 150
| caption2 =
}}
Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.[21]
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."[22]
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."[23]
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.[43]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved </ref><ref>"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref>
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.<ref>'No talks with the West' - Zimbabwe Archived 2013-12-15 at the Wayback Machine Zimbabwe Mail,10 May 2013</ref> Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.<ref>"Zimbabwe: Kariba South Power Expansion On Course". The Herald. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref>
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.<ref>Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (30 March 2018). "Zimbabwe Commissions Chinese-Built Power Plant". Beijing: Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref>
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.<ref>"DBSA provides $105m for Zambia hydropower expansion". Cramer Media's Engineering News. 5 November 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2017.</ref>
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-11-17.</ref> E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum. Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum, ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.<ref>"Legal Status". Zambezi River Authority. Archived from the original on 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2012-09-23.</ref>
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.[20]
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.[21]
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."[22]
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."[23]
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.[43]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved </ref><ref>"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref>
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.<ref>'No talks with the West' - Zimbabwe Archived 2013-12-15 at the Wayback Machine Zimbabwe Mail,10 May 2013</ref> Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.<ref>"Zimbabwe: Kariba South Power Expansion On Course". The Herald. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref>
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.<ref>Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (30 March 2018). "Zimbabwe Commissions Chinese-Built Power Plant". Beijing: Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref>
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.<ref>"DBSA provides $105m for Zambia hydropower expansion". Cramer Media's Engineering News. 5 November 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2017.</ref>
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-11-17.</ref> E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum. Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum, ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.<ref>"Legal Status". Zambezi River Authority. Archived from the original on 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2012-09-23.</ref>
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.<ref>Zesco: "History of Itezhi-Tezhi" Archived 2005-09-07 at the Wayback Machine website accessed 1 March 2007.</ref>
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.[21]
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."[22]
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."[23]
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.[43]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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{{Databox}}
'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved </ref><ref>"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref>
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.<ref>'No talks with the West' - Zimbabwe Archived 2013-12-15 at the Wayback Machine Zimbabwe Mail,10 May 2013</ref> Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.<ref>"Zimbabwe: Kariba South Power Expansion On Course". The Herald. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref>
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.<ref>Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (30 March 2018). "Zimbabwe Commissions Chinese-Built Power Plant". Beijing: Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref>
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.<ref>"DBSA provides $105m for Zambia hydropower expansion". Cramer Media's Engineering News. 5 November 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2017.</ref>
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-11-17.</ref> E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum. Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum, ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.<ref>"Legal Status". Zambezi River Authority. Archived from the original on 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2012-09-23.</ref>
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.<ref>Zesco: "History of Itezhi-Tezhi" Archived 2005-09-07 at the Wayback Machine website accessed 1 March 2007.</ref>
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
{{multiple image
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| image1 = Kariba Dam Construction.jpg
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.<ref>Terminski, Bogumil (2013). "Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: Theoretical Frameworks and Current Challenges". Indiana University.</ref>
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."[22]
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."[23]
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.[43]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved </ref><ref>"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref>
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.<ref>'No talks with the West' - Zimbabwe Archived 2013-12-15 at the Wayback Machine Zimbabwe Mail,10 May 2013</ref> Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.<ref>"Zimbabwe: Kariba South Power Expansion On Course". The Herald. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref>
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.<ref>Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (30 March 2018). "Zimbabwe Commissions Chinese-Built Power Plant". Beijing: Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref>
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.<ref>"DBSA provides $105m for Zambia hydropower expansion". Cramer Media's Engineering News. 5 November 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2017.</ref>
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-11-17.</ref> E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum. Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum, ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.<ref>"Legal Status". Zambezi River Authority. Archived from the original on 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2012-09-23.</ref>
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.<ref>Zesco: "History of Itezhi-Tezhi" Archived 2005-09-07 at the Wayback Machine website accessed 1 March 2007.</ref>
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
{{multiple image
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| image1 = Kariba Dam Construction.jpg
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.<ref>Terminski, Bogumil (2013). "Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: Theoretical Frameworks and Current Challenges". Indiana University.</ref>
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."<ref>Howarth, David, The Shadow of the Dam. Collins, 1961</ref>
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."[23]
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.[43]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved </ref><ref>"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref>
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.<ref>'No talks with the West' - Zimbabwe Archived 2013-12-15 at the Wayback Machine Zimbabwe Mail,10 May 2013</ref> Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.<ref>"Zimbabwe: Kariba South Power Expansion On Course". The Herald. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref>
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.<ref>Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (30 March 2018). "Zimbabwe Commissions Chinese-Built Power Plant". Beijing: Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref>
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.<ref>"DBSA provides $105m for Zambia hydropower expansion". Cramer Media's Engineering News. 5 November 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2017.</ref>
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-11-17.</ref> E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum. Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum, ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.<ref>"Legal Status". Zambezi River Authority. Archived from the original on 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2012-09-23.</ref>
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.<ref>Zesco: "History of Itezhi-Tezhi" Archived 2005-09-07 at the Wayback Machine website accessed 1 March 2007.</ref>
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.<ref>Terminski, Bogumil (2013). "Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: Theoretical Frameworks and Current Challenges". Indiana University.</ref>
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."<ref>Howarth, David, The Shadow of the Dam. Collins, 1961</ref>
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."<ref>"Pipe Dreams: Can the Zambezi River supply the region's water needs?". Cultural Survival Quarterly. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref>
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.[43]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved </ref><ref>"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref>
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.<ref>'No talks with the West' - Zimbabwe Archived 2013-12-15 at the Wayback Machine Zimbabwe Mail,10 May 2013</ref> Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.<ref>"Zimbabwe: Kariba South Power Expansion On Course". The Herald. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref>
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.<ref>Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (30 March 2018). "Zimbabwe Commissions Chinese-Built Power Plant". Beijing: Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref>
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.<ref>"DBSA provides $105m for Zambia hydropower expansion". Cramer Media's Engineering News. 5 November 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2017.</ref>
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-11-17.</ref> E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum. Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum, ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.<ref>"Legal Status". Zambezi River Authority. Archived from the original on 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2012-09-23.</ref>
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.<ref>Zesco: "History of Itezhi-Tezhi" Archived 2005-09-07 at the Wayback Machine website accessed 1 March 2007.</ref>
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.<ref>Terminski, Bogumil (2013). "Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: Theoretical Frameworks and Current Challenges". Indiana University.</ref>
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."<ref>Howarth, David, The Shadow of the Dam. Collins, 1961</ref>
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."<ref>"Pipe Dreams: Can the Zambezi River supply the region's water needs?". Cultural Survival Quarterly. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref>
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.[41][42]
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.<ref>"Zimbabwe Industrial Power Users Aim to Raise $250 Million for Floating Solar Panels - BNN Bloomberg". BNN. 2023-07-05. Retrieved 2023-07-06.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved </ref><ref>"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref>
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.<ref>'No talks with the West' - Zimbabwe Archived 2013-12-15 at the Wayback Machine Zimbabwe Mail,10 May 2013</ref> Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.<ref>"Zimbabwe: Kariba South Power Expansion On Course". The Herald. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref>
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.<ref>Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (30 March 2018). "Zimbabwe Commissions Chinese-Built Power Plant". Beijing: Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref>
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.<ref>"DBSA provides $105m for Zambia hydropower expansion". Cramer Media's Engineering News. 5 November 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2017.</ref>
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-11-17.</ref> E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum. Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum, ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.<ref>"Legal Status". Zambezi River Authority. Archived from the original on 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2012-09-23.</ref>
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.<ref>Zesco: "History of Itezhi-Tezhi" Archived 2005-09-07 at the Wayback Machine website accessed 1 March 2007.</ref>
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.<ref>Terminski, Bogumil (2013). "Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: Theoretical Frameworks and Current Challenges". Indiana University.</ref>
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."<ref>Howarth, David, The Shadow of the Dam. Collins, 1961</ref>
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."<ref>"Pipe Dreams: Can the Zambezi River supply the region's water needs?". Cultural Survival Quarterly. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref>
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.<ref>Ajasa, Amudalat (January 4, 2023). "Low water levels have created an energy crisis at the world's largest dam". Washington Post.</ref>
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.<ref>"Zimbabwe Industrial Power Users Aim to Raise $250 Million for Floating Solar Panels - BNN Bloomberg". BNN. 2023-07-05. Retrieved 2023-07-06.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved </ref><ref>"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref>
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.<ref>'No talks with the West' - Zimbabwe Archived 2013-12-15 at the Wayback Machine Zimbabwe Mail,10 May 2013</ref> Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.<ref>"Zimbabwe: Kariba South Power Expansion On Course". The Herald. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref>
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.<ref>Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (30 March 2018). "Zimbabwe Commissions Chinese-Built Power Plant". Beijing: Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref>
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.<ref>"DBSA provides $105m for Zambia hydropower expansion". Cramer Media's Engineering News. 5 November 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2017.</ref>
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-11-17.</ref> E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum. Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum, ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.<ref>"Legal Status". Zambezi River Authority. Archived from the original on 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2012-09-23.</ref>
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.<ref>Zesco: "History of Itezhi-Tezhi" Archived 2005-09-07 at the Wayback Machine website accessed 1 March 2007.</ref>
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.<ref>Terminski, Bogumil (2013). "Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: Theoretical Frameworks and Current Challenges". Indiana University.</ref>
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."<ref>Howarth, David, The Shadow of the Dam. Collins, 1961</ref>
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."<ref>"Pipe Dreams: Can the Zambezi River supply the region's water needs?". Cultural Survival Quarterly. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref>
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.[24]
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.<ref>Ajasa, Amudalat (January 4, 2023). "Low water levels have created an energy crisis at the world's largest dam". Washington Post.</ref><ref>"Power crisis looms in Zambia as world's largest man-made dam dries up". LifeGate. 2023-01-25. Retrieved 2023-07-06.</ref>
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.<ref>"Zimbabwe Industrial Power Users Aim to Raise $250 Million for Floating Solar Panels - BNN Bloomberg". BNN. 2023-07-05. Retrieved 2023-07-06.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved </ref><ref>"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref>
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.<ref>'No talks with the West' - Zimbabwe Archived 2013-12-15 at the Wayback Machine Zimbabwe Mail,10 May 2013</ref> Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.<ref>"Zimbabwe: Kariba South Power Expansion On Course". The Herald. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref>
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.<ref>Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (30 March 2018). "Zimbabwe Commissions Chinese-Built Power Plant". Beijing: Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref>
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.<ref>"DBSA provides $105m for Zambia hydropower expansion". Cramer Media's Engineering News. 5 November 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2017.</ref>
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-11-17.</ref> E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum. Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum, ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.<ref>"Legal Status". Zambezi River Authority. Archived from the original on 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2012-09-23.</ref>
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.<ref>Zesco: "History of Itezhi-Tezhi" Archived 2005-09-07 at the Wayback Machine website accessed 1 March 2007.</ref>
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.<ref>Terminski, Bogumil (2013). "Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: Theoretical Frameworks and Current Challenges". Indiana University.</ref>
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."<ref>Howarth, David, The Shadow of the Dam. Collins, 1961</ref>
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."<ref>"Pipe Dreams: Can the Zambezi River supply the region's water needs?". Cultural Survival Quarterly. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref>
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.<ref>"When Elephants Fight". Columbia Journalism Review. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref>
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.[40]
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.<ref>Ajasa, Amudalat (January 4, 2023). "Low water levels have created an energy crisis at the world's largest dam". Washington Post.</ref><ref>"Power crisis looms in Zambia as world's largest man-made dam dries up". LifeGate. 2023-01-25. Retrieved 2023-07-06.</ref>
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.<ref>"Zimbabwe Industrial Power Users Aim to Raise $250 Million for Floating Solar Panels - BNN Bloomberg". BNN. 2023-07-05. Retrieved 2023-07-06.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved </ref><ref>"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref>
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.<ref>'No talks with the West' - Zimbabwe Archived 2013-12-15 at the Wayback Machine Zimbabwe Mail,10 May 2013</ref> Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.<ref>"Zimbabwe: Kariba South Power Expansion On Course". The Herald. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref>
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.<ref>Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (30 March 2018). "Zimbabwe Commissions Chinese-Built Power Plant". Beijing: Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref>
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.<ref>"DBSA provides $105m for Zambia hydropower expansion". Cramer Media's Engineering News. 5 November 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2017.</ref>
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-11-17.</ref> E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum. Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum, ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.<ref>"Legal Status". Zambezi River Authority. Archived from the original on 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2012-09-23.</ref>
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.<ref>Zesco: "History of Itezhi-Tezhi" Archived 2005-09-07 at the Wayback Machine website accessed 1 March 2007.</ref>
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.<ref>Terminski, Bogumil (2013). "Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: Theoretical Frameworks and Current Challenges". Indiana University.</ref>
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."<ref>Howarth, David, The Shadow of the Dam. Collins, 1961</ref>
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."<ref>"Pipe Dreams: Can the Zambezi River supply the region's water needs?". Cultural Survival Quarterly. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref>
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.<ref>"When Elephants Fight". Columbia Journalism Review. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref>
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).[39]
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.<ref>Otieno, Patrick (May 13, 2014). "Kariba Dam Rehabilitation Project (KDRP) Updates". Construction Review Online.</ref>
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.<ref>Ajasa, Amudalat (January 4, 2023). "Low water levels have created an energy crisis at the world's largest dam". Washington Post.</ref><ref>"Power crisis looms in Zambia as world's largest man-made dam dries up". LifeGate. 2023-01-25. Retrieved 2023-07-06.</ref>
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.<ref>"Zimbabwe Industrial Power Users Aim to Raise $250 Million for Floating Solar Panels - BNN Bloomberg". BNN. 2023-07-05. Retrieved 2023-07-06.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved </ref><ref>"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref>
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.<ref>'No talks with the West' - Zimbabwe Archived 2013-12-15 at the Wayback Machine Zimbabwe Mail,10 May 2013</ref> Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.<ref>"Zimbabwe: Kariba South Power Expansion On Course". The Herald. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref>
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.<ref>Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (30 March 2018). "Zimbabwe Commissions Chinese-Built Power Plant". Beijing: Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref>
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.<ref>"DBSA provides $105m for Zambia hydropower expansion". Cramer Media's Engineering News. 5 November 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2017.</ref>
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-11-17.</ref> E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum. Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum, ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.<ref>"Legal Status". Zambezi River Authority. Archived from the original on 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2012-09-23.</ref>
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.<ref>Zesco: "History of Itezhi-Tezhi" Archived 2005-09-07 at the Wayback Machine website accessed 1 March 2007.</ref>
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.<ref>Terminski, Bogumil (2013). "Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: Theoretical Frameworks and Current Challenges". Indiana University.</ref>
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."<ref>Howarth, David, The Shadow of the Dam. Collins, 1961</ref>
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."<ref>"Pipe Dreams: Can the Zambezi River supply the region's water needs?". Cultural Survival Quarterly. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref>
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.<ref>"When Elephants Fight". Columbia Journalism Review. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref>
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe. [25]
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).<ref>"ZRA allots more water for Kariba generation". Zimbabwe Situation. 2020-11-09. Retrieved 2020-11-23.</ref>
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.<ref>Otieno, Patrick (May 13, 2014). "Kariba Dam Rehabilitation Project (KDRP) Updates". Construction Review Online.</ref>
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.<ref>Ajasa, Amudalat (January 4, 2023). "Low water levels have created an energy crisis at the world's largest dam". Washington Post.</ref><ref>"Power crisis looms in Zambia as world's largest man-made dam dries up". LifeGate. 2023-01-25. Retrieved 2023-07-06.</ref>
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.<ref>"Zimbabwe Industrial Power Users Aim to Raise $250 Million for Floating Solar Panels - BNN Bloomberg". BNN. 2023-07-05. Retrieved 2023-07-06.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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{{Databox}}
'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved </ref><ref>"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref>
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.<ref>'No talks with the West' - Zimbabwe Archived 2013-12-15 at the Wayback Machine Zimbabwe Mail,10 May 2013</ref> Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.<ref>"Zimbabwe: Kariba South Power Expansion On Course". The Herald. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref>
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.<ref>Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (30 March 2018). "Zimbabwe Commissions Chinese-Built Power Plant". Beijing: Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref>
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.<ref>"DBSA provides $105m for Zambia hydropower expansion". Cramer Media's Engineering News. 5 November 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2017.</ref>
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-11-17.</ref> E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum. Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum, ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.<ref>"Legal Status". Zambezi River Authority. Archived from the original on 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2012-09-23.</ref>
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.<ref>Zesco: "History of Itezhi-Tezhi" Archived 2005-09-07 at the Wayback Machine website accessed 1 March 2007.</ref>
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.<ref>Terminski, Bogumil (2013). "Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: Theoretical Frameworks and Current Challenges". Indiana University.</ref>
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."<ref>Howarth, David, The Shadow of the Dam. Collins, 1961</ref>
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."<ref>"Pipe Dreams: Can the Zambezi River supply the region's water needs?". Cultural Survival Quarterly. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref>
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.<ref>"When Elephants Fight". Columbia Journalism Review. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref>
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe.<ref>"The Zambezi Valley: damned by dams" (PDF). Retrieved 25 July 2018.</ref>
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.[37]
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).<ref>"ZRA allots more water for Kariba generation". Zimbabwe Situation. 2020-11-09. Retrieved 2020-11-23.</ref>
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.<ref>Otieno, Patrick (May 13, 2014). "Kariba Dam Rehabilitation Project (KDRP) Updates". Construction Review Online.</ref>
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.<ref>Ajasa, Amudalat (January 4, 2023). "Low water levels have created an energy crisis at the world's largest dam". Washington Post.</ref><ref>"Power crisis looms in Zambia as world's largest man-made dam dries up". LifeGate. 2023-01-25. Retrieved 2023-07-06.</ref>
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.<ref>"Zimbabwe Industrial Power Users Aim to Raise $250 Million for Floating Solar Panels - BNN Bloomberg". BNN. 2023-07-05. Retrieved 2023-07-06.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved </ref><ref>"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref>
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.<ref>'No talks with the West' - Zimbabwe Archived 2013-12-15 at the Wayback Machine Zimbabwe Mail,10 May 2013</ref> Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.<ref>"Zimbabwe: Kariba South Power Expansion On Course". The Herald. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref>
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.<ref>Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (30 March 2018). "Zimbabwe Commissions Chinese-Built Power Plant". Beijing: Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref>
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.<ref>"DBSA provides $105m for Zambia hydropower expansion". Cramer Media's Engineering News. 5 November 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2017.</ref>
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-11-17.</ref> E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum. Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum, ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.<ref>"Legal Status". Zambezi River Authority. Archived from the original on 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2012-09-23.</ref>
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.<ref>Zesco: "History of Itezhi-Tezhi" Archived 2005-09-07 at the Wayback Machine website accessed 1 March 2007.</ref>
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.<ref>Terminski, Bogumil (2013). "Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: Theoretical Frameworks and Current Challenges". Indiana University.</ref>
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."<ref>Howarth, David, The Shadow of the Dam. Collins, 1961</ref>
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."<ref>"Pipe Dreams: Can the Zambezi River supply the region's water needs?". Cultural Survival Quarterly. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref>
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.<ref>"When Elephants Fight". Columbia Journalism Review. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref>
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe.<ref>"The Zambezi Valley: damned by dams" (PDF). Retrieved 25 July 2018.</ref>
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.[26]
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.[27]
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.[30]
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."[31]
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.<ref>Hill, Matthew; Ndlovu, Ray (5 August 2019). "Power-Starved Zimbabwe, Zambia Face Further Drought-Induced Blackouts". Bloomberg. Retrieved 9 October 2019.</ref>
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).<ref>"ZRA allots more water for Kariba generation". Zimbabwe Situation. 2020-11-09. Retrieved 2020-11-23.</ref>
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.<ref>Otieno, Patrick (May 13, 2014). "Kariba Dam Rehabilitation Project (KDRP) Updates". Construction Review Online.</ref>
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.<ref>Ajasa, Amudalat (January 4, 2023). "Low water levels have created an energy crisis at the world's largest dam". Washington Post.</ref><ref>"Power crisis looms in Zambia as world's largest man-made dam dries up". LifeGate. 2023-01-25. Retrieved 2023-07-06.</ref>
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.<ref>"Zimbabwe Industrial Power Users Aim to Raise $250 Million for Floating Solar Panels - BNN Bloomberg". BNN. 2023-07-05. Retrieved 2023-07-06.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Kariba''' ko baraas arko beton ɓuuɓɗo laabi ɗiɗi e nder ŋoral Kariba e nder maayo Zambezi hakkunde Sammbi e Simmbaabwee. Baraas oo ina jogii meeteruuji 128 (420 ft) toowɗi e 579 meeteruuji (1 900 ft) njuuteendi.<ref>"Kariba Dam". Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref> Baraas oo ina waɗi maayo Kariba, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 280 kiloomeeteer (170 miil), ngo ina jogii 185 kiloomeeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (150 000 000 acre⋅ft) ndiyam.
== Mahugo ==
Baraas oo mahiraa ko e yamiroore laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland, ‘koloni fedde’ e nder laamu Angalteer. Injiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee, ɓeen ngoni Gibb, Coyne, Sogei (Kariba) (PVT.) Limited, fedde nde innjiniyankooɓe wallitooɓe ɓee kawri, tawi ina jeyaa heen Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, mo Sir Angus Paton ardii kippu mum,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">"Kariba Dam". Spurwing facts. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009.</ref> e Coyne et Bellier, mo kippu mum ardii André3 Coy.<ref name=":0">"Obituary Sir Angus Paton". New Civil Engineer. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 May 2025.</ref> Baras arc beton curvature double oo mahaa ko hakkunde 1955 e 1959 ko Cogefar-Impresit mo Itali[3] e njoɓdi 135 000 000 dolaar ngam daawal gadanal ngal tawa ko e caalli doole Kariba Sud tan. Pewnugol timmungol e ɓeydugol caalli Kariba North Power ɗi Mitchell Construction[4] waɗi ɗii, timminaaka haa hitaande 1977, sabu caɗeele politik ɓurɗe heewde, tawi ko 480 000 000 dolaar njoɓata. E nder mahdi ndii, 86 gollotooɓe e mahdi ndii maayi heen.<ref name=":1" />
Baraas oo udditaa ko laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth, yumma laamɗo debbo oo, ñalnde 17 lewru nduu hitaande 1960.<ref>"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960". National Archives. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref><ref>"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba". 19 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>
Ko ƴellitaare doole
Baraas Kariba ina rokka 2 010 megawatt (2 700 000 hp) kuuraa e nder nokkuuji Sammbi (Copperbelt) e Simmbaabwee fof, ina rokka 6 400 gigawatt-waktu (23 000 TJ) hitaande kala. Leydi kala ina jogii nokku mum to bannge worgo e bannge worgo baraas oo. Stasiyoŋ fuɗnaange jeyaaɗo e Zimbaabwee ina golloo gila 1960, ina joginoo jeneratooruuji jeegom (6) baawɗi 125 megawatt (168 000 hp) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 750 megawatt (1 010 000 hp).<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved </ref><ref>"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref>
Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2013 ko jaagorgal kaalis leydi Zimbaabwee, hono Patrick Chinamasa, habri wonde mbaawka e nder wertallo ndiyam Zimbaabwee (Fuɗnaange) Kariba maa ɓeyde fotde 300 megawatt. Njeeygu moƴƴitingol nokku oo ina wallita e ñamaande 319 miliyoŋ dolaar ummoraade e leydi Siin. Nanondiral ngal ko yeru laaɓtuɗo e politik Zimbaabwee "Ƴeew Fuɗnaange", mo ɓe ƴetti caggal nde ɓe ngoppidi e leyɗeele hirnaange.<ref>'No talks with the West' - Zimbabwe Archived 2013-12-15 at the Wayback Machine Zimbabwe Mail,10 May 2013</ref> Pewnugol dow yaajde Kariba Sud fuɗɗii ko e cakkital hitaande 2014, e fuɗɗoode ina ɗaminaa maa timmu e hitaande 2019.<ref>"Zimbabwe: Kariba South Power Expansion On Course". The Herald. 17 August 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.</ref>
E lewru marse 2018, hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Emmerson Mnangagwa, yamiri yo ɓeydugol timmungol nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam Kariba Sud woni ɗoo. Ɓeydagol turbineeji ɗiɗi kesi 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) ɓeydii semmbe e ndeeɗoo jolngo haa 1 050 megawatt (1 410 000 pk). Golle yaajnude ɗee ko Sinohydro waɗi ɗum, tawi ko 533 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik. Golle ɗee puɗɗii ko e hitaande 2014, ɗe njoofi ko e lewru marse 2018.<ref>Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (30 March 2018). "Zimbabwe Commissions Chinese-Built Power Plant". Beijing: Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. Retrieved 31 March 2018.</ref>
Staasiyoŋ worgo jeyaaɗo e leydi Sammbi ina golloo gila 1976, ina jogii jeneratooruuji nay 150 megawatt (200 000 pk) gooto heen fof ina tolnoo e 600 megawatt (800 000 pk) ; golle ngam yaajtinde ngaal doole e ɓeydagol 360 megawatt (480 000 hp) haa 960 megawatt (1 290 000 hp) njoofi ko e lewru desaambar 2013. Generaaluuji ɗiɗi goɗɗi 180 MW ɓeydaama heen.<ref>"DBSA provides $105m for Zambia hydropower expansion". Cramer Media's Engineering News. 5 November 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2017.</ref>
== Wakere ==
[[File:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam.jpg|thumb|left|The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam]]
[[File:Zambezi.svg|frame|right|Zambezi river basin]]
Eɓɓaande baraas Kariba ndee ko laamu fedde Rodesi e Nyasaland yuɓɓini ɗum, waɗi ɗum. Fedde nde heewnoo innireede ko Fedde Afrik hakkundeejo (CAF). CAF ko ‘koloni fedde’ e nder Laamaandi Angalteer to Afrik worgo gonɗo tuggi 1953 haa 1963, tawi ina jeyaa heen koloni Angalteer ɓooyɗo laamɗo hoore mum, hono Rodesi Fuɗnaange, e gonnooɗo protektoraat Angalteer to Rodesi worgo e Nyasaland. Fuɗnaange Rodesi fellitiino ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1953 (ko adii nde Fedde ndee sosetee) mahde baraas e nder leydi mum, e dow maayo Kafue, ngo woni ko e maayo Zambezi mawngo. Maa ɗum ɓurno ɓadaade Copperbelt (Copperbelt) to Rodesi worgo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina sokli doole ɓurɗe heewde. Ɗumɗoo noon maa won eɓɓaande ɓurnde hoybude e ɓurnde famɗude mawnde, tawa batte mum ina pamɗi e weeyo. Fombina Rhodesia, ɓurɗo alɗude e tati ɗii, salii baraas Kafue, wiyi yo baraas oo waɗe e nokku Kariba. Kadi, mbaawka baraas Kafue ina famɗi no feewi e mbaawka baraas Kariba.<ref>"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000" (PDF). World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-11-17.</ref> E fuɗɗoode, ko fedde doole Afrik hakkundeejo toppitii baraas oo, toppitii ɗum. Jooni noon, baraas Kariba oo ko laamu maayo Zambezi jeyi ɗum, ina huutoroo ɗum, ko Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof njogii ɗum e dow potal.<ref>"Legal Status". Zambezi River Authority. Archived from the original on 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2012-09-23.</ref>
Gila Zambie heɓi jeytaare mum, baraasuuji tati mahaa e maayo Kafue : baraasuuji dowri Kafue Gorge, baraasuuji lesɗi e baraasuuji Itezhi-Tezhi.<ref>Zesco: "History of Itezhi-Tezhi" Archived 2005-09-07 at the Wayback Machine website accessed 1 March 2007.</ref>
== Batte mum e nokkuuji ==
=== Koɗki yimɓe e koɗki mum en ===
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Sosde weendu nduu addani fotde 57 000 neɗɗo Tonga hoɗɓe e saraaji Zambezi banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof hoɗde.<ref>Terminski, Bogumil (2013). "Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: Theoretical Frameworks and Current Challenges". Indiana University.</ref>
Yiyngooji keewɗi ina ngoodi ko fayti e no ballal koɗki rokkirtee Tonga mo ɓe ngummii. Winndiyanke Angalteer biyeteeɗo David Howarth siftinii darnde to Rodesi worgo :
"Kala ko laamu waawi waɗde e bidsee seeɗa ina waɗee. Jardiiji seppooji mbaɗaama, ngam etaade jannginde Tonga laabi ndema ɓurɗi laaɓtude, e etaade heɓde geɗe kaalis ɗe ɓe mbaawi remde. Leydi ndi koɗki ndii ina remee e nder contours ridge ngam reende e mborosaaji. E nder Sinagarowri a de pawpaws, banaanaaji, oraas, limoŋ, e hollirde wonde heddiiɓe e falnde ndee ina mbaawi waɗeede e ɓuuɓri so tawii ko kaalis tan waawi heɓde ngam ndiyam luumooji Koperatiif ina yuɓɓinee, e Tonga ina njannginee ngam dogginde ɗum en ko adii nde Enterprising Tonga ina ndokkee ñamaale ngam sosde koye mum en ko ɓuri heewde e built e Tonga hannde ina mbaawi yettaade diisnondiral e opitaaluuji."<ref>Howarth, David, The Shadow of the Dam. Collins, 1961</ref>
Annduɗo anthropologie biyeteeɗo Thayer Scudder, jannguɗo ɗeen renndooji gila e darorɗe kitaale 1950, winndii :
"Hande, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko 'mooliiɓe ƴellitaare'. Heewɓe ina nguuri e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko njibini, ɗi ngalaa caɗeele, won heen ko ŋakkiraa no feewi e nder yontaaji ɓennuɗi ɗii, haa ɗi nanndi e leyɗeele gonɗe e daande maayo Saharaa."<ref>"Pipe Dreams: Can the Zambezi River supply the region's water needs?". Cultural Survival Quarterly. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref>
Winndiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Jacques Leslie, e nder deftere mum Deep Water (2005), ƴetti konngol e caɗeele yimɓe ɓe baraas Kariba ummini, tawi ngonka kaa waylaaki no feewi gila e kitaale 1970. E miijo makko, Kariba ina heddii e musiiba ɓurɗo bonde e daartol Afrik, koɗki dammbugal.<ref>"When Elephants Fight". Columbia Journalism Review. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref>
=== Hooreejo Basilwizi ===
Baraas oo no yiyraa e leydi Zimbaabwee nii
E nder eɓɓoore ngam heɓtude nguurndam mum en, yimve nokku oo, vurve moxxude e nder vursugol dammbugal Kariba, sosi fedde wiyeteende Basilwizi Trust e hitaande 2002. Fedde nde ina yizi ko vuri heewde e vamtaare nguurndam yimve e nder nokku hee, rewrude e yuvvinde evvooje vamtaare e wonde laawol hakkunde yimve leydi Zambezi process Valley- maɓɓe.<ref>"The Zambezi Valley: damned by dams" (PDF). Retrieved 25 July 2018.</ref>
=== Ekoloji maayo ===
Dam Kariba ina jogii 90% e ndiyam maayo Zambezi, ɗum noon ina wayla ekolosii dowri no feewi.
=== Hisnude kulle ladde ===
Tuggi 1958 haa 1961, Operation Noah nanngi, itti ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 daabaaji mawɗi e daabaaji tokoosi keewɗi, tawi ina hulɓinii ndiyam maayo ngoo.
== Golle cakkitiiɗe ==
Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 2008, BBC hollitii wonde toɓooli mawɗi ina mbaawi addande ndiyam yaltude e baraas oo, ɗum addanta 50 000 neɗɗo wonɓe les maayo ngoo yaltude.[28] Ɓeydagol toɓɓe addani udditgol dame ilam e lewru marse 2010, ɗum addani 130 000 neɗɗo hoɗɓe e nokku ilam oo yaltude, ɗum addani ɗum en hulde wonde ilam ɗam ina waawi saabaade nokkuuji ɓadiiɗi ɗii.[29]
E lewru marse 2014, e nder batu ngu njuɓɓudi maayo Zambezi yuɓɓini, injiniyankooɓe njeertinii wonde tuugnorgal baraas oo ina famɗi, ina waawi tawa baraas oo ina waawi bonnude so wonaa tawa feewnitaama.
Ñalnde 3 oktoobar 2014 BBC habrii wonde "Baraas Kariba ina woni e ngonka bonka. Udditaa e hitaande 1959, ngal mahaa ko e dow leeso basalt nannduɗo e tiiɗngo. Kono, e nder duuɓi 50 jawtuɗi ɗii, ɓulli ummoriiɗi e ɓulli ɗii njiytaani oon kaaƴe, ina ceerti e warcu' crater mawɗo mo les... so tawii feewnitaaki ko yaawi, baraas oo fof maa ustoy so ɗuum waɗii, koɗorɗe ndiyam nannduɗe e tsunami ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder falnde Zambezi, ina yettoo keeri Mosammbik e nder waktuuji jeetati daabaaji ladde nder falnde, laamu maayo Zambezi limti dow yonkiiji 3.5 miliyon yimbe don mari haaje."<ref>"The marooned baboon: Africa's loneliest monkey". BBC. 3 October 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2014.</ref>
E lewru suwee 2015, Duɗal toppitiingal ko fayti e riisuuji Afrik worgo timminii ciimtol wiɗto riisuuji tiitoonde mum ko batte ŋakkeende baraas Kariba. Nde joofniri ko : "So tawii en mbaawii haalde so tawii baraas Kariba oo ina waawi ustaade, hol ko waɗi ɗum ina waawi waɗde e hol nde ɗum waɗata, sikke alaa heen batte mum e nder diiwaan hee fof ina mbaawi bonnude."[32]
E lewru Yarkomaa 2016, hollitaama wonde ndiyam e baraas oo ustii haa 12% e mbaawka mum. Toɓɓe ɗee njippiima e 5,58 meeter (18,3 ft), ɗum woni 1,75 meeter tan (5 ft 9 in) dow toɓɓere gollorde ɓurnde famɗude ngam semmbe ndiyam. Toɓooli seeɗa e huutoraade ndiyam ɓurɗam heewde e laanaaji diwooje, addani ndiyam ɗam ɓadtaade, ɗum addani yimɓe miijaade wonde Zimbaabwee e Zambie fof ina njogori dañde ŋakkeende ndiyam.[33]
E lewru sulyee e suwee 2018, jaaynde wiyeteende The Lusaka Times hollitii wonde golle puɗɗiima jowitiiɗe e poolgu plunge e ɓuuɓri e nder mahol baraas oo.[34][35]
Ñalnde 22 feebariyee 2019 Bloomberg hollitii "Zambie ustii peewnugol semmbe ndiyam to baraas Kariba sabu ustaare ndiyam e yaawre" kono "Zammbie ina ɗaminaa taƴgol semmbe sabu ŋakkeende".[36] Ñalnde 5 lewru bowte e ndeen hitaande, ndeen winndannde hollitii wonde lowre ndee ina ɓadii ustaade, ina gasa tawa ina foti dartinde peewnugol semmbe ndiyam.<ref>Hill, Matthew; Ndlovu, Ray (5 August 2019). "Power-Starved Zimbabwe, Zambia Face Further Drought-Induced Blackouts". Bloomberg. Retrieved 9 October 2019.</ref>
Haa e lewru noowammbar 2020, tolno ndiyam e nder weendu Kariba ina heddii e 25% e mbaawka mum, ko ina wona feccere e lewru noowammbar 2019.[38] Laamu maayo Zambezi hollitii wonde ina jogii hoolaare e limtooji toɓooli e nder yontere toɓooli 2020/2021, ina rokka ndiyam ɓeydaɗam ngam peewnugol semmbe. E oon sahaa, weendu nduu ina joginoo 15,77 miliyaar meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo ndiyam, tawi laabi ndiyam ɗii ina njooɗii hedde 478,30 meeteer (1 569,23 ft), ko ɓuri seeɗa e mbaawka ɓurka famɗude ngam heɓde semmbe 475,50 meeteer (1 560,04 ft).<ref>"ZRA allots more water for Kariba generation". Zimbabwe Situation. 2020-11-09. Retrieved 2020-11-23.</ref>
Haalaama e lewru feebariyee 2022 wonde golle moƴƴitingol ina njokki gila 2017 e baraas Kariba. Hukuuma maayo Zambezi (ZRA) hollitii wonde golle eɓɓaande moƴƴitingol baraas Kariba (KDRP), tawi ina jeyaa heen darnde ngam moƴƴitinde poolgu plunge e mahngo dame ɓuuɓɗe, ina poti joofde e hitaande 2025. Goomu moƴƴitingol baraas oo ko laamu Orop, S Uwesh (Union Banke) ina njoɓa ɗum Banke Afrik ngam ɓamtaare (AfDB), tawi laamuuji Zambie e Zimbaabwee ina mballita heen kaalis keewɗo. Faandaare eɓɓaande ndee ko tabitinde njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi baraas Kariba, ngam tabitinde ƴellitaare doole duumotooɗe ko adii fof ngam nafoore hoɗɓe e Zimbaabwee e Zambie e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde e renndo ƴellitaare Afrik worgo. Golle peewnugol poolgu nguu ina njogii vursugol mawngol e nder poolgu ngu jooni ngu ngam wallitde dartagol poolgu ngu e reentaade vursugol walla vursugol vursugol e nder nokkuuji vurzi famzude feewde e vursugol baraas oo. Ngol gollal mbayliigu maa timmin e mahngo cofferdam mo ndiyam waawataa huutoraade ngam timminde golle mbayliigu e nder ngonkaaji joorɗi.<ref>Otieno, Patrick (May 13, 2014). "Kariba Dam Rehabilitation Project (KDRP) Updates". Construction Review Online.</ref>
Kiriis semmbe sabu yooro e ŋakkeende ndiyam jokki haa lewru Yarkomaa 2023, tawi ndiyam ina ustoo haa 1% tan e mbaawka mum, yaltinnde mum ina famɗi fotde 800 MW e nder feccere ñalawma.<ref>Ajasa, Amudalat (January 4, 2023). "Low water levels have created an energy crisis at the world's largest dam". Washington Post.</ref><ref>"Power crisis looms in Zambia as world's largest man-made dam dries up". LifeGate. 2023-01-25. Retrieved 2023-07-06.</ref>
Huutortooɓe semmbeeji gollorɗe njiɗii waɗde 250 MW e dow maayo Kariba ngam ɓeydude hoolaare kuuraa.<ref>"Zimbabwe Industrial Power Users Aim to Raise $250 Million for Floating Solar Panels - BNN Bloomberg". BNN. 2023-07-05. Retrieved 2023-07-06.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
lf2x02gz4cdkyb57k5e0hqio266run4
Makoto Kobayashi (Olympics)
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Makoto Kobayashi (Mr. Kobayashi, Kobayashi Makoto), gonnooɗo cukko jaagorgal nder leydi Japon,[a 1] wonnoo ko gardiiɗo mawɗo Goomu yuɓɓinoowo Olimpiyaaji Nagano (NAOC) ngam Olimpiyaaji winndereeji 1998 yuɓɓinaaɗi to Nagano, Japon.
Puɗɗagol e lewru abriil 1996, Kobayashi waɗii batuuji jaayndeeji lewru kala ngam humpitaade jamaanu nguu e yahrude yeeso e pijirlooji ɗii.[a 2] E nder batu 107ɓo IOC ñalnde 2 feebariyee 1998, Kobayashi woni hooreejo kewuuji ɗii.[a 3]
E nder ardorde pijirlooji 1998, e nder golle goɗɗe, Kobayashi woniino lomto NAOC e nder Goomu Gollorɗe Karallaagal Olimpiya, kawral ngam safrude caɗeele nanondiral hakkunde NAOC e IBM.[a 4] E nder darnde makko gardiiɗo mawɗo pijirlooji ɗii, Kobayashi wonnoo kadi ko mawɗo golle][b1].
Tuugnorgal
qyd4saz89jqsioqauixboj3qpkp35tx
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Makoto Kobayashi (Mr. Kobayashi, Kobayashi Makoto), gonnooɗo cukko jaagorgal nder leydi Japon,[a 1] wonnoo ko gardiiɗo mawɗo Goomu yuɓɓinoowo Olimpiyaaji Nagano (NAOC) ngam Olimpiyaaji winndereeji 1998 yuɓɓinaaɗi to Nagano, Japon.
Puɗɗagol e lewru abriil 1996, Kobayashi waɗii batuuji jaayndeeji lewru kala ngam humpitaade jamaanu nguu e yahrude yeeso e pijirlooji ɗii.[a 2] E nder batu 107ɓo IOC ñalnde 2 feebariyee 1998, Kobayashi woni hooreejo kewuuji ɗii.[a 3]
E nder ardorde pijirlooji 1998, e nder golle goɗɗe, Kobayashi woniino lomto NAOC e nder Goomu Gollorɗe Karallaagal Olimpiya, kawral ngam safrude caɗeele nanondiral hakkunde NAOC e IBM.[a 4] E nder darnde makko gardiiɗo mawɗo pijirlooji ɗii, Kobayashi wonnoo kadi ko mawɗo golle][b1].
Tuugnorgal
4j10k6hhtnkkh36kunk5d7z5dlog9va
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'''Makoto Kobayashi''' (Mr. Kobayashi, Kobayashi Makoto), gonnooɗo cukko jaagorgal nder leydi Japon,[a 1] wonnoo ko gardiiɗo mawɗo Goomu yuɓɓinoowo Olimpiyaaji Nagano (NAOC) ngam Olimpiyaaji winndereeji 1998 yuɓɓinaaɗi to Nagano, Japon.
Puɗɗagol e lewru abriil 1996, Kobayashi waɗii batuuji jaayndeeji lewru kala ngam humpitaade jamaanu nguu e yahrude yeeso e pijirlooji ɗii.[a 2] E nder batu 107ɓo IOC ñalnde 2 feebariyee 1998, Kobayashi woni hooreejo kewuuji ɗii.[a 3]
E nder ardorde pijirlooji 1998, e nder golle goɗɗe, Kobayashi woniino lomto NAOC e nder Goomu Gollorɗe Karallaagal Olimpiya, kawral ngam safrude caɗeele nanondiral hakkunde NAOC e IBM.[a 4] E nder darnde makko gardiiɗo mawɗo pijirlooji ɗii, Kobayashi wonnoo kadi ko mawɗo golle][b1].
== Tuugnorgal ==
t4ksro0vxiomdhvjkgiz86zpueelr19
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'''Makoto Kobayashi''' (Mr. Kobayashi, Kobayashi Makoto), gonnooɗo cukko jaagorgal nder leydi Japon,[a 1] wonnoo ko gardiiɗo mawɗo Goomu yuɓɓinoowo Olimpiyaaji Nagano (NAOC) ngam Olimpiyaaji winndereeji 1998 yuɓɓinaaɗi to Nagano, Japon.<ref>{{harvsp|Hanazawa|1999a|p=46}}</ref>
Puɗɗagol e lewru abriil 1996, Kobayashi waɗii batuuji jaayndeeji lewru kala ngam humpitaade jamaanu nguu e yahrude yeeso e pijirlooji ɗii.[a 2] E nder batu 107ɓo IOC ñalnde 2 feebariyee 1998, Kobayashi woni hooreejo kewuuji ɗii.[a 3]
E nder ardorde pijirlooji 1998, e nder golle goɗɗe, Kobayashi woniino lomto NAOC e nder Goomu Gollorɗe Karallaagal Olimpiya, kawral ngam safrude caɗeele nanondiral hakkunde NAOC e IBM.[a 4] E nder darnde makko gardiiɗo mawɗo pijirlooji ɗii, Kobayashi wonnoo kadi ko mawɗo golle][b1].
== Tuugnorgal ==
biuh5uguxtajchxvbz1tq8zrn1vc30o
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'''Makoto Kobayashi''' (Mr. Kobayashi, Kobayashi Makoto), gonnooɗo cukko jaagorgal nder leydi Japon,[a 1] wonnoo ko gardiiɗo mawɗo Goomu yuɓɓinoowo Olimpiyaaji Nagano (NAOC) ngam Olimpiyaaji winndereeji 1998 yuɓɓinaaɗi to Nagano, Japon.<ref>{{harvsp|Hanazawa|1999a|p=46}}</ref>
Puɗɗagol e lewru abriil 1996, Kobayashi waɗii batuuji jaayndeeji lewru kala ngam humpitaade jamaanu nguu e yahrude yeeso e pijirlooji ɗii.[a 2] E nder batu 107ɓo IOC ñalnde 2 feebariyee 1998, Kobayashi woni hooreejo kewuuji ɗii.[a 3]..<ref>{{harvsp|Hanazawa|1999a|p=106}}</ref>.<ref>{{harvsp|Hanazawa|1999a|p=156}}</ref>
E nder ardorde pijirlooji 1998, e nder golle goɗɗe, Kobayashi woniino lomto NAOC e nder Goomu Gollorɗe Karallaagal Olimpiya, kawral ngam safrude caɗeele nanondiral hakkunde NAOC e IBM.[a 4] E nder darnde makko gardiiɗo mawɗo pijirlooji ɗii, Kobayashi wonnoo kadi ko mawɗo golle][b1].
== Tuugnorgal ==
ls1nxg2xr5cvig2eoy9h44rcypkglej
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'''Makoto Kobayashi''' (Mr. Kobayashi, Kobayashi Makoto), gonnooɗo cukko jaagorgal nder leydi Japon,[a 1] wonnoo ko gardiiɗo mawɗo Goomu yuɓɓinoowo Olimpiyaaji Nagano (NAOC) ngam Olimpiyaaji winndereeji 1998 yuɓɓinaaɗi to Nagano, Japon.<ref>{{harvsp|Hanazawa|1999a|p=46}}</ref>
Puɗɗagol e lewru abriil 1996, Kobayashi waɗii batuuji jaayndeeji lewru kala ngam humpitaade jamaanu nguu e yahrude yeeso e pijirlooji ɗii.[a 2] E nder batu 107ɓo IOC ñalnde 2 feebariyee 1998, Kobayashi woni hooreejo kewuuji ɗii.[a 3]..<ref>{{harvsp|Hanazawa|1999a|p=106}}</ref>.<ref>{{harvsp|Hanazawa|1999a|p=156}}</ref>
E nder ardorde pijirlooji 1998, e nder golle goɗɗe, Kobayashi woniino lomto NAOC e nder Goomu Gollorɗe Karallaagal Olimpiya, kawral ngam safrude caɗeele nanondiral hakkunde NAOC e IBM.[a 4] E nder darnde makko gardiiɗo mawɗo pijirlooji ɗii, Kobayashi wonnoo kadi ko mawɗo golle][b1].<ref>{{harvsp|Hanazawa|1999a|p=204}}</ref>.<ref>{{harvsp|Hanazawa|1999b|p=145}}</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
2ozb5qt99cvg3wrqgqf2syhass6ru7x
Vladimir Kostin
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Kostin (e ɗemngal Riisi: Владимир Михайлович Костин, jibinaa ko ñalnde 22 suwee 1921 to Mosku, Riisi – ñalnde 3 mee 1994 to Mosku, Riisi) ko ñaawoowo basket Riisi. O ardii e Olimpiyaade 1952, Olimpiyaade 1956, Olimpiyaade 1976, Kapiteen Aduna 1963, Kapiteen Aduna 1959 rewɓe e Kapiteen Orop keewɗi. E hitaande 2007, o winnditaa e suudu FIBA.
Hay so o maayi ko e hitaande 1994, batte Kostin ina njokki haa ɓurti nguurndam makko. E hitaande 2007, ngam mawninde darnde makko keeriinde e nder dingiral ngal, o naatnaa caggal maayde makko e nder suudu sarɗiiji FIBA, hono Jaagorgal Karallaagal. Ndee teddungal mawngal semmbini nokku makko e nder arbiteeɓe ɓurɓe teddineede e basket winndereejo.[
Tuugnorgal
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Kostin (e ɗemngal Riisi: Владимир Михайлович Костин, jibinaa ko ñalnde 22 suwee 1921 to Mosku, Riisi – ñalnde 3 mee 1994 to Mosku, Riisi) ko ñaawoowo basket Riisi. O ardii e Olimpiyaade 1952, Olimpiyaade 1956, Olimpiyaade 1976, Kapiteen Aduna 1963, Kapiteen Aduna 1959 rewɓe e Kapiteen Orop keewɗi. E hitaande 2007, o winnditaa e suudu FIBA.
Hay so o maayi ko e hitaande 1994, batte Kostin ina njokki haa ɓurti nguurndam makko. E hitaande 2007, ngam mawninde darnde makko keeriinde e nder dingiral ngal, o naatnaa caggal maayde makko e nder suudu sarɗiiji FIBA, hono Jaagorgal Karallaagal. Ndee teddungal mawngal semmbini nokku makko e nder arbiteeɓe ɓurɓe teddineede e basket winndereejo.[
Tuugnorgal
0kl6qsjzseevsaiowcd5361w31go0tv
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'''Kostin''' (e ɗemngal Riisi: Владимир Михайлович Костин, jibinaa ko ñalnde 22 suwee 1921 to Mosku, Riisi – ñalnde 3 mee 1994 to Mosku, Riisi) ko ñaawoowo basket Riisi. O ardii e Olimpiyaade 1952, Olimpiyaade 1956, Olimpiyaade 1976, Kapiteen Aduna 1963, Kapiteen Aduna 1959 rewɓe e Kapiteen Orop keewɗi. E hitaande 2007, o winnditaa e suudu FIBA.
Hay so o maayi ko e hitaande 1994, batte Kostin ina njokki haa ɓurti nguurndam makko. E hitaande 2007, ngam mawninde darnde makko keeriinde e nder dingiral ngal, o naatnaa caggal maayde makko e nder suudu sarɗiiji FIBA, hono Jaagorgal Karallaagal. Ndee teddungal mawngal semmbini nokku makko e nder arbiteeɓe ɓurɓe teddineede e basket winndereejo.[
== Tuugnorgal ==
bkxb7u5v8w4xtmw6fjk535g02ii7468
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'''Kostin''' (e ɗemngal Riisi: Владимир Михайлович Костин, jibinaa ko ñalnde 22 suwee 1921 to Mosku, Riisi – ñalnde 3 mee 1994 to Mosku, Riisi) ko ñaawoowo basket Riisi. O ardii e Olimpiyaade 1952, Olimpiyaade 1956, Olimpiyaade 1976, Kapiteen Aduna 1963, Kapiteen Aduna 1959 rewɓe e Kapiteen Orop keewɗi. E hitaande 2007, o winnditaa e suudu FIBA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.biograph.ru/index.php/whoiswho/2/4843-kostin|title=КОСТИН Владимир Михайлович (1921-1994)|date=|website=biograph.ru|language=ru|access-date=18 October 2021}}</ref>
Hay so o maayi ko e hitaande 1994, batte Kostin ina njokki haa ɓurti nguurndam makko. E hitaande 2007, ngam mawninde darnde makko keeriinde e nder dingiral ngal, o naatnaa caggal maayde makko e nder suudu sarɗiiji FIBA, hono Jaagorgal Karallaagal. Ndee teddungal mawngal semmbini nokku makko e nder arbiteeɓe ɓurɓe teddineede e basket winndereejo.[
== Tuugnorgal ==
6k1eo1mifilrmorugc9zzo0vet1i0cy
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'''Kostin''' (e ɗemngal Riisi: Владимир Михайлович Костин, jibinaa ko ñalnde 22 suwee 1921 to Mosku, Riisi – ñalnde 3 mee 1994 to Mosku, Riisi) ko ñaawoowo basket Riisi. O ardii e Olimpiyaade 1952, Olimpiyaade 1956, Olimpiyaade 1976, Kapiteen Aduna 1963, Kapiteen Aduna 1959 rewɓe e Kapiteen Orop keewɗi. E hitaande 2007, o winnditaa e suudu FIBA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.biograph.ru/index.php/whoiswho/2/4843-kostin|title=КОСТИН Владимир Михайлович (1921-1994)|date=|website=biograph.ru|language=ru|access-date=18 October 2021}}</ref>
Hay so o maayi ko e hitaande 1994, batte Kostin ina njokki haa ɓurti nguurndam makko. E hitaande 2007, ngam mawninde darnde makko keeriinde e nder dingiral ngal, o naatnaa caggal maayde makko e nder suudu sarɗiiji FIBA, hono Jaagorgal Karallaagal. Ndee teddungal mawngal semmbini nokku makko e nder arbiteeɓe ɓurɓe teddineede e basket winndereejo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-03-01|title=PR N°12 - Initial Inductees into the FIBA Hall of Fame|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/news/pr-n-012-initial-inductees-into-the-fiba-hall-of-fame|access-date=2025-08-20|website=www.fiba.basketball|language=en}}</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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Dennis LaRue
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Dennis LaRue (jibinaa ko ñalnde 14 sulyee 1959, to Savannah, Georgia) ko gardiiɗo Ligue des Nations Hockey gila e hitaande 1990-91 NHL, o ɓoornii ko limre 14 gila e hitaande 1994-95 NHL. O suɓaama ngam ardaade kawgel Kanadaa 1991 e kawgel finaal kawgel Stanley 2009. E lewru desaambar 2009, o suɓaama e nder 13 ñaawooɓe ngam ardaade Olimpiyaaji winndereeji 2010 to Vancouver. Dennis waɗii sahaa e nder wuro Spokane, to Wasinton, nde o woni suka.
Tuugnorgal
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Dennis LaRue (jibinaa ko ñalnde 14 sulyee 1959, to Savannah, Georgia) ko gardiiɗo Ligue des Nations Hockey gila e hitaande 1990-91 NHL, o ɓoornii ko limre 14 gila e hitaande 1994-95 NHL. O suɓaama ngam ardaade kawgel Kanadaa 1991 e kawgel finaal kawgel Stanley 2009. E lewru desaambar 2009, o suɓaama e nder 13 ñaawooɓe ngam ardaade Olimpiyaaji winndereeji 2010 to Vancouver. Dennis waɗii sahaa e nder wuro Spokane, to Wasinton, nde o woni suka.
Tuugnorgal
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2026-06-17T09:33:54Z
Ilya Discuss
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{{Databox}}
'''Dennis LaRue''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 14 sulyee 1959, to Savannah, Georgia) ko gardiiɗo Ligue des Nations Hockey gila e hitaande 1990-91 NHL, o ɓoornii ko limre 14 gila e hitaande 1994-95 NHL. O suɓaama ngam ardaade kawgel Kanadaa 1991 e kawgel finaal kawgel Stanley 2009. E lewru desaambar 2009, o suɓaama e nder 13 ñaawooɓe ngam ardaade Olimpiyaaji winndereeji 2010 to Vancouver. Dennis waɗii sahaa e nder wuro Spokane, to Wasinton, nde o woni suka.
== Tuugnorgal ==
jmy49d1tpkddg4nq6y7cd72ap7b2pzs
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Ilya Discuss
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{{Databox}}
'''Dennis LaRue''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 14 sulyee 1959, to Savannah, Georgia) ko gardiiɗo Ligue des Nations Hockey gila e hitaande 1990-91 NHL, o ɓoornii ko limre 14 gila e hitaande 1994-95 NHL. O suɓaama ngam ardaade kawgel Kanadaa 1991 e kawgel finaal kawgel Stanley 2009. E lewru desaambar 2009, o suɓaama e nder 13 ñaawooɓe ngam ardaade Olimpiyaaji winndereeji 2010 to Vancouver. Dennis waɗii sahaa e nder wuro Spokane, to Wasinton, nde o woni suka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Hockey League Officials Association - Members Only|url=http://www.nhlofficials.com/member_listing.asp?member_id=2097|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313051733/http://www.nhlofficials.com/member_listing.asp?member_id=2097|archive-date=2017-03-13|access-date=2026-01-03|website=www.nhlofficials.com|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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Baraas keewɗo faayiida Angololo
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Created page with "'''Baraas keewɗo faayiida Angololo''' ko baraas peewnaaɗo e maayo Malaba, to keerol hakkunde Keñiya e Uganndaa. Baraas oo maa sos lowre baawnde mooftude 43 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,3×1010 L) ndiyam ngam yarde, ɓuuɓnude e ƴellitde semmbe. Ko ina tolnoo e 3 300 ektaar (8 200 ektaar) ina ɗaminaa maa ngartu e ndiyam (1 180 ektaar (2 900 ektaar) to Keñiya e 2 120 ektaar (5 200 ektaar) to Uganndaa), tawa ndiyam ummotoo ko e ooɗoo baraas. Baraas oo ina ɗamina..."
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'''Baraas keewɗo faayiida Angololo''' ko baraas peewnaaɗo e maayo Malaba, to keerol hakkunde Keñiya e Uganndaa. Baraas oo maa sos lowre baawnde mooftude 43 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,3×1010 L) ndiyam ngam yarde, ɓuuɓnude e ƴellitde semmbe. Ko ina tolnoo e 3 300 ektaar (8 200 ektaar) ina ɗaminaa maa ngartu e ndiyam (1 180 ektaar (2 900 ektaar) to Keñiya e 2 120 ektaar (5 200 ektaar) to Uganndaa), tawa ndiyam ummotoo ko e ooɗoo baraas. Baraas oo ina ɗaminaa maa naftu ko famɗi fof 127 300 neɗɗo e nder leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee kala. Baraas oo ina ɗaminaa kadi wallitde jolngo tokooso (mini-hydroélectricité) baawngo huutoraade 1,75 megawatt.<ref>Inès Magoum (28 July 2022). "Uganda/Kenya: New dam to provide water and electricity to 5 towns". Afrik21.africa. Paris, France. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Wakere ==
Dam Angololo maa tawe e wuro Bugesera, e nder diiwaan Tororo, e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange leydi Uganndaa. Laana ndiwoowa kaa wonata ko sara maayo Malaba, ngo woni keeri hakkunde leyɗeele hakkunde Keñiya e Uganndaa.[2] Ɗum ko hedde kilooji 15 (9 mi) e laawol, to fuɗnaange-rewo wuro Tororo, ɗo gardiiɗo diiwaan Tororo woni ɗoo.[3] Wuro Kalait ina woɗɗi ko ina tolnoo e kilooji 52 (32 mi) to fuɗnaange-rewo Mbale, wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange leydi Uganndaa.[4]
== Yiyngo ==
Baraas oo e ooɗoo nokku ina woni e peeje gila e hitaande 2010. E ndeen hitaande, Fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e golle (NELSAP) waɗii wiɗtooji baɗɗiiɗi e mbaadi dokke ummoraade e laamu laamɗo leydi Norwees e laamu laamɗo leydi Suwed. Caggal ɗeen jiyte, laamuuji leyɗe ɗiɗi fuɗnaange Afrik ɗaɓɓiri NELSAP nde naatnata baraas oo e nder « eɓɓaaɗe mum ngam ɓeydaade ƴeewtaade e ƴellitde ». Wertallo eɓɓaande ndee ina tolnoo e 430 kiloomeeteer kaaree (166 miil kaaree).[5]
NELSAP waɗii wizto timmungo, e peeje eɓɓaaɗe laaɓtuɗe, waɗii ƴeewndo batte mum e nder weeyo e renndo (ESIA), ƴettii peeje golle koɗki e njoɓdi (RCAP), e peewnugol kaayitaaji tender. Ndeeɗoo daawal ƴellitaare ƴettii lebbi 34, joofi ko e lewru sulyee 2022. Ko ina tolnoo e 1,83 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik.[5][6]
== Coodgu e kaalis ==
Haa lewru sulyee 2022, njoɓdi mahngo ngoo hollitaaka. Kaalis ina ɗaminaa e mbaadi ñamaale ummoraade e fedde hesere ngam ƴellitaare Afrik (NEPAD). Ndee eɓɓoore heɓi ballal kaalis ummoraade e Banke Afriknaajo e nder daawal wiɗto mbaawka.[1][6]
== Miijooji goɗɗi ==
Ndee eɓɓaande ndiyam ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydu ndiyam njareteeɗam e nder gure Tororo, Manafwa e Namisindwa to leydi Uganndaa, e nder wuro Busia e Bungoma to leydi Keñiya.[1]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas keewɗo faayiida Angololo''' ko baraas peewnaaɗo e maayo Malaba, to keerol hakkunde Keñiya e Uganndaa. Baraas oo maa sos lowre baawnde mooftude 43 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,3×1010 L) ndiyam ngam yarde, ɓuuɓnude e ƴellitde semmbe. Ko ina tolnoo e 3 300 ektaar (8 200 ektaar) ina ɗaminaa maa ngartu e ndiyam (1 180 ektaar (2 900 ektaar) to Keñiya e 2 120 ektaar (5 200 ektaar) to Uganndaa), tawa ndiyam ummotoo ko e ooɗoo baraas. Baraas oo ina ɗaminaa maa naftu ko famɗi fof 127 300 neɗɗo e nder leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee kala. Baraas oo ina ɗaminaa kadi wallitde jolngo tokooso (mini-hydroélectricité) baawngo huutoraade 1,75 megawatt.<ref>Inès Magoum (28 July 2022). "Uganda/Kenya: New dam to provide water and electricity to 5 towns". Afrik21.africa. Paris, France. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Wakere ==
Dam Angololo maa tawe e wuro Bugesera, e nder diiwaan Tororo, e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange leydi Uganndaa. Laana ndiwoowa kaa wonata ko sara maayo Malaba, ngo woni keeri hakkunde leyɗeele hakkunde Keñiya e Uganndaa.<ref>"Road Distance Between Angololo Primary School, Kalait Village, Tororo District, Uganda And Tororo Post Office, Tororo, Uganda" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref> Ɗum ko hedde kilooji 15 (9 mi) e laawol, to fuɗnaange-rewo wuro Tororo, ɗo gardiiɗo diiwaan Tororo woni ɗoo.[3] Wuro Kalait ina woɗɗi ko ina tolnoo e kilooji 52 (32 mi) to fuɗnaange-rewo Mbale, wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange leydi Uganndaa.[4]
== Yiyngo ==
Baraas oo e ooɗoo nokku ina woni e peeje gila e hitaande 2010. E ndeen hitaande, Fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e golle (NELSAP) waɗii wiɗtooji baɗɗiiɗi e mbaadi dokke ummoraade e laamu laamɗo leydi Norwees e laamu laamɗo leydi Suwed. Caggal ɗeen jiyte, laamuuji leyɗe ɗiɗi fuɗnaange Afrik ɗaɓɓiri NELSAP nde naatnata baraas oo e nder « eɓɓaaɗe mum ngam ɓeydaade ƴeewtaade e ƴellitde ». Wertallo eɓɓaande ndee ina tolnoo e 430 kiloomeeteer kaaree (166 miil kaaree).[5]
NELSAP waɗii wizto timmungo, e peeje eɓɓaaɗe laaɓtuɗe, waɗii ƴeewndo batte mum e nder weeyo e renndo (ESIA), ƴettii peeje golle koɗki e njoɓdi (RCAP), e peewnugol kaayitaaji tender. Ndeeɗoo daawal ƴellitaare ƴettii lebbi 34, joofi ko e lewru sulyee 2022. Ko ina tolnoo e 1,83 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik.[5][6]
== Coodgu e kaalis ==
Haa lewru sulyee 2022, njoɓdi mahngo ngoo hollitaaka. Kaalis ina ɗaminaa e mbaadi ñamaale ummoraade e fedde hesere ngam ƴellitaare Afrik (NEPAD). Ndee eɓɓoore heɓi ballal kaalis ummoraade e Banke Afriknaajo e nder daawal wiɗto mbaawka.[1][6]
== Miijooji goɗɗi ==
Ndee eɓɓaande ndiyam ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydu ndiyam njareteeɗam e nder gure Tororo, Manafwa e Namisindwa to leydi Uganndaa, e nder wuro Busia e Bungoma to leydi Keñiya.[1]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas keewɗo faayiida Angololo''' ko baraas peewnaaɗo e maayo Malaba, to keerol hakkunde Keñiya e Uganndaa. Baraas oo maa sos lowre baawnde mooftude 43 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,3×1010 L) ndiyam ngam yarde, ɓuuɓnude e ƴellitde semmbe. Ko ina tolnoo e 3 300 ektaar (8 200 ektaar) ina ɗaminaa maa ngartu e ndiyam (1 180 ektaar (2 900 ektaar) to Keñiya e 2 120 ektaar (5 200 ektaar) to Uganndaa), tawa ndiyam ummotoo ko e ooɗoo baraas. Baraas oo ina ɗaminaa maa naftu ko famɗi fof 127 300 neɗɗo e nder leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee kala. Baraas oo ina ɗaminaa kadi wallitde jolngo tokooso (mini-hydroélectricité) baawngo huutoraade 1,75 megawatt.<ref>Inès Magoum (28 July 2022). "Uganda/Kenya: New dam to provide water and electricity to 5 towns". Afrik21.africa. Paris, France. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Wakere ==
Dam Angololo maa tawe e wuro Bugesera, e nder diiwaan Tororo, e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange leydi Uganndaa. Laana ndiwoowa kaa wonata ko sara maayo Malaba, ngo woni keeri hakkunde leyɗeele hakkunde Keñiya e Uganndaa.<ref>"Road Distance Between Angololo Primary School, Kalait Village, Tororo District, Uganda And Tororo Post Office, Tororo, Uganda" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref> Ɗum ko hedde kilooji 15 (9 mi) e laawol, to fuɗnaange-rewo wuro Tororo, ɗo gardiiɗo diiwaan Tororo woni ɗoo. Wuro Kalait ina woɗɗi ko ina tolnoo e kilooji 52 (32 mi) to fuɗnaange-rewo Mbale, wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange leydi Uganndaa.<ref>"Road Distance Between Angololo Primary School, Kalait Village, Tororo District, Uganda And Mbale Post Office, Mbale, Uganda" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Yiyngo ==
Baraas oo e ooɗoo nokku ina woni e peeje gila e hitaande 2010. E ndeen hitaande, Fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e golle (NELSAP) waɗii wiɗtooji baɗɗiiɗi e mbaadi dokke ummoraade e laamu laamɗo leydi Norwees e laamu laamɗo leydi Suwed. Caggal ɗeen jiyte, laamuuji leyɗe ɗiɗi fuɗnaange Afrik ɗaɓɓiri NELSAP nde naatnata baraas oo e nder « eɓɓaaɗe mum ngam ɓeydaade ƴeewtaade e ƴellitde ». Wertallo eɓɓaande ndee ina tolnoo e 430 kiloomeeteer kaaree (166 miil kaaree).[5]
NELSAP waɗii wizto timmungo, e peeje eɓɓaaɗe laaɓtuɗe, waɗii ƴeewndo batte mum e nder weeyo e renndo (ESIA), ƴettii peeje golle koɗki e njoɓdi (RCAP), e peewnugol kaayitaaji tender. Ndeeɗoo daawal ƴellitaare ƴettii lebbi 34, joofi ko e lewru sulyee 2022. Ko ina tolnoo e 1,83 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik.[5][6]
== Coodgu e kaalis ==
Haa lewru sulyee 2022, njoɓdi mahngo ngoo hollitaaka. Kaalis ina ɗaminaa e mbaadi ñamaale ummoraade e fedde hesere ngam ƴellitaare Afrik (NEPAD). Ndee eɓɓoore heɓi ballal kaalis ummoraade e Banke Afriknaajo e nder daawal wiɗto mbaawka.[1][6]
== Miijooji goɗɗi ==
Ndee eɓɓaande ndiyam ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydu ndiyam njareteeɗam e nder gure Tororo, Manafwa e Namisindwa to leydi Uganndaa, e nder wuro Busia e Bungoma to leydi Keñiya.[1]
== Tuugnorgal ==
i6fppm18kl5w97qamokfath2lht7ru2
173751
173750
2026-06-17T09:38:55Z
Nnamadee
11577
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Baraas keewɗo faayiida Angololo''' ko baraas peewnaaɗo e maayo Malaba, to keerol hakkunde Keñiya e Uganndaa. Baraas oo maa sos lowre baawnde mooftude 43 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,3×1010 L) ndiyam ngam yarde, ɓuuɓnude e ƴellitde semmbe. Ko ina tolnoo e 3 300 ektaar (8 200 ektaar) ina ɗaminaa maa ngartu e ndiyam (1 180 ektaar (2 900 ektaar) to Keñiya e 2 120 ektaar (5 200 ektaar) to Uganndaa), tawa ndiyam ummotoo ko e ooɗoo baraas. Baraas oo ina ɗaminaa maa naftu ko famɗi fof 127 300 neɗɗo e nder leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee kala. Baraas oo ina ɗaminaa kadi wallitde jolngo tokooso (mini-hydroélectricité) baawngo huutoraade 1,75 megawatt.<ref>Inès Magoum (28 July 2022). "Uganda/Kenya: New dam to provide water and electricity to 5 towns". Afrik21.africa. Paris, France. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Wakere ==
Dam Angololo maa tawe e wuro Bugesera, e nder diiwaan Tororo, e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange leydi Uganndaa. Laana ndiwoowa kaa wonata ko sara maayo Malaba, ngo woni keeri hakkunde leyɗeele hakkunde Keñiya e Uganndaa.<ref>"Road Distance Between Angololo Primary School, Kalait Village, Tororo District, Uganda And Tororo Post Office, Tororo, Uganda" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref> Ɗum ko hedde kilooji 15 (9 mi) e laawol, to fuɗnaange-rewo wuro Tororo, ɗo gardiiɗo diiwaan Tororo woni ɗoo. Wuro Kalait ina woɗɗi ko ina tolnoo e kilooji 52 (32 mi) to fuɗnaange-rewo Mbale, wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange leydi Uganndaa.<ref>"Road Distance Between Angololo Primary School, Kalait Village, Tororo District, Uganda And Mbale Post Office, Mbale, Uganda" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Yiyngo ==
Baraas oo e ooɗoo nokku ina woni e peeje gila e hitaande 2010. E ndeen hitaande, Fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e golle (NELSAP) waɗii wiɗtooji baɗɗiiɗi e mbaadi dokke ummoraade e laamu laamɗo leydi Norwees e laamu laamɗo leydi Suwed. Caggal ɗeen jiyte, laamuuji leyɗe ɗiɗi fuɗnaange Afrik ɗaɓɓiri NELSAP nde naatnata baraas oo e nder « eɓɓaaɗe mum ngam ɓeydaade ƴeewtaade e ƴellitde ». Wertallo eɓɓaande ndee ina tolnoo e 430 kiloomeeteer kaaree (166 miil kaaree).<ref>Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program (March 2020). "Angololo Water Resources Development Project". Nelsap.nilebasin.org. Kigali, Rwanda. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
NELSAP waɗii wizto timmungo, e peeje eɓɓaaɗe laaɓtuɗe, waɗii ƴeewndo batte mum e nder weeyo e renndo (ESIA), ƴettii peeje golle koɗki e njoɓdi (RCAP), e peewnugol kaayitaaji tender. Ndeeɗoo daawal ƴellitaare ƴettii lebbi 34, joofi ko e lewru sulyee 2022. Ko ina tolnoo e 1,83 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik.[5][6]
== Coodgu e kaalis ==
Haa lewru sulyee 2022, njoɓdi mahngo ngoo hollitaaka. Kaalis ina ɗaminaa e mbaadi ñamaale ummoraade e fedde hesere ngam ƴellitaare Afrik (NEPAD). Ndee eɓɓoore heɓi ballal kaalis ummoraade e Banke Afriknaajo e nder daawal wiɗto mbaawka.[1][6]
== Miijooji goɗɗi ==
Ndee eɓɓaande ndiyam ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydu ndiyam njareteeɗam e nder gure Tororo, Manafwa e Namisindwa to leydi Uganndaa, e nder wuro Busia e Bungoma to leydi Keñiya.[1]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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173752
173751
2026-06-17T09:39:25Z
Nnamadee
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'''Baraas keewɗo faayiida Angololo''' ko baraas peewnaaɗo e maayo Malaba, to keerol hakkunde Keñiya e Uganndaa. Baraas oo maa sos lowre baawnde mooftude 43 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,3×1010 L) ndiyam ngam yarde, ɓuuɓnude e ƴellitde semmbe. Ko ina tolnoo e 3 300 ektaar (8 200 ektaar) ina ɗaminaa maa ngartu e ndiyam (1 180 ektaar (2 900 ektaar) to Keñiya e 2 120 ektaar (5 200 ektaar) to Uganndaa), tawa ndiyam ummotoo ko e ooɗoo baraas. Baraas oo ina ɗaminaa maa naftu ko famɗi fof 127 300 neɗɗo e nder leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee kala. Baraas oo ina ɗaminaa kadi wallitde jolngo tokooso (mini-hydroélectricité) baawngo huutoraade 1,75 megawatt.<ref>Inès Magoum (28 July 2022). "Uganda/Kenya: New dam to provide water and electricity to 5 towns". Afrik21.africa. Paris, France. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Wakere ==
Dam Angololo maa tawe e wuro Bugesera, e nder diiwaan Tororo, e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange leydi Uganndaa. Laana ndiwoowa kaa wonata ko sara maayo Malaba, ngo woni keeri hakkunde leyɗeele hakkunde Keñiya e Uganndaa.<ref>"Road Distance Between Angololo Primary School, Kalait Village, Tororo District, Uganda And Tororo Post Office, Tororo, Uganda" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref> Ɗum ko hedde kilooji 15 (9 mi) e laawol, to fuɗnaange-rewo wuro Tororo, ɗo gardiiɗo diiwaan Tororo woni ɗoo. Wuro Kalait ina woɗɗi ko ina tolnoo e kilooji 52 (32 mi) to fuɗnaange-rewo Mbale, wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange leydi Uganndaa.<ref>"Road Distance Between Angololo Primary School, Kalait Village, Tororo District, Uganda And Mbale Post Office, Mbale, Uganda" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Yiyngo ==
Baraas oo e ooɗoo nokku ina woni e peeje gila e hitaande 2010. E ndeen hitaande, Fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e golle (NELSAP) waɗii wiɗtooji baɗɗiiɗi e mbaadi dokke ummoraade e laamu laamɗo leydi Norwees e laamu laamɗo leydi Suwed. Caggal ɗeen jiyte, laamuuji leyɗe ɗiɗi fuɗnaange Afrik ɗaɓɓiri NELSAP nde naatnata baraas oo e nder « eɓɓaaɗe mum ngam ɓeydaade ƴeewtaade e ƴellitde ». Wertallo eɓɓaande ndee ina tolnoo e 430 kiloomeeteer kaaree (166 miil kaaree).<ref>Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program (March 2020). "Angololo Water Resources Development Project". Nelsap.nilebasin.org. Kigali, Rwanda. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
NELSAP waɗii wizto timmungo, e peeje eɓɓaaɗe laaɓtuɗe, waɗii ƴeewndo batte mum e nder weeyo e renndo (ESIA), ƴettii peeje golle koɗki e njoɓdi (RCAP), e peewnugol kaayitaaji tender. Ndeeɗoo daawal ƴellitaare ƴettii lebbi 34, joofi ko e lewru sulyee 2022. Ko ina tolnoo e 1,83 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik.<ref>Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program (March 2020). "Angololo Water Resources Development Project". Nelsap.nilebasin.org. Kigali, Rwanda. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Coodgu e kaalis ==
Haa lewru sulyee 2022, njoɓdi mahngo ngoo hollitaaka. Kaalis ina ɗaminaa e mbaadi ñamaale ummoraade e fedde hesere ngam ƴellitaare Afrik (NEPAD). Ndee eɓɓoore heɓi ballal kaalis ummoraade e Banke Afriknaajo e nder daawal wiɗto mbaawka.[1][6]
== Miijooji goɗɗi ==
Ndee eɓɓaande ndiyam ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydu ndiyam njareteeɗam e nder gure Tororo, Manafwa e Namisindwa to leydi Uganndaa, e nder wuro Busia e Bungoma to leydi Keñiya.[1]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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173754
173752
2026-06-17T09:39:55Z
Nnamadee
11577
173754
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Baraas keewɗo faayiida Angololo''' ko baraas peewnaaɗo e maayo Malaba, to keerol hakkunde Keñiya e Uganndaa. Baraas oo maa sos lowre baawnde mooftude 43 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,3×1010 L) ndiyam ngam yarde, ɓuuɓnude e ƴellitde semmbe. Ko ina tolnoo e 3 300 ektaar (8 200 ektaar) ina ɗaminaa maa ngartu e ndiyam (1 180 ektaar (2 900 ektaar) to Keñiya e 2 120 ektaar (5 200 ektaar) to Uganndaa), tawa ndiyam ummotoo ko e ooɗoo baraas. Baraas oo ina ɗaminaa maa naftu ko famɗi fof 127 300 neɗɗo e nder leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee kala. Baraas oo ina ɗaminaa kadi wallitde jolngo tokooso (mini-hydroélectricité) baawngo huutoraade 1,75 megawatt.<ref>Inès Magoum (28 July 2022). "Uganda/Kenya: New dam to provide water and electricity to 5 towns". Afrik21.africa. Paris, France. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Wakere ==
Dam Angololo maa tawe e wuro Bugesera, e nder diiwaan Tororo, e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange leydi Uganndaa. Laana ndiwoowa kaa wonata ko sara maayo Malaba, ngo woni keeri hakkunde leyɗeele hakkunde Keñiya e Uganndaa.<ref>"Road Distance Between Angololo Primary School, Kalait Village, Tororo District, Uganda And Tororo Post Office, Tororo, Uganda" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref> Ɗum ko hedde kilooji 15 (9 mi) e laawol, to fuɗnaange-rewo wuro Tororo, ɗo gardiiɗo diiwaan Tororo woni ɗoo. Wuro Kalait ina woɗɗi ko ina tolnoo e kilooji 52 (32 mi) to fuɗnaange-rewo Mbale, wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange leydi Uganndaa.<ref>"Road Distance Between Angololo Primary School, Kalait Village, Tororo District, Uganda And Mbale Post Office, Mbale, Uganda" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Yiyngo ==
Baraas oo e ooɗoo nokku ina woni e peeje gila e hitaande 2010. E ndeen hitaande, Fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e golle (NELSAP) waɗii wiɗtooji baɗɗiiɗi e mbaadi dokke ummoraade e laamu laamɗo leydi Norwees e laamu laamɗo leydi Suwed. Caggal ɗeen jiyte, laamuuji leyɗe ɗiɗi fuɗnaange Afrik ɗaɓɓiri NELSAP nde naatnata baraas oo e nder « eɓɓaaɗe mum ngam ɓeydaade ƴeewtaade e ƴellitde ». Wertallo eɓɓaande ndee ina tolnoo e 430 kiloomeeteer kaaree (166 miil kaaree).<ref>Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program (March 2020). "Angololo Water Resources Development Project". Nelsap.nilebasin.org. Kigali, Rwanda. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
NELSAP waɗii wizto timmungo, e peeje eɓɓaaɗe laaɓtuɗe, waɗii ƴeewndo batte mum e nder weeyo e renndo (ESIA), ƴettii peeje golle koɗki e njoɓdi (RCAP), e peewnugol kaayitaaji tender. Ndeeɗoo daawal ƴellitaare ƴettii lebbi 34, joofi ko e lewru sulyee 2022. Ko ina tolnoo e 1,83 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik.<ref>Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program (March 2020). "Angololo Water Resources Development Project". Nelsap.nilebasin.org. Kigali, Rwanda. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref><ref>African Development Bank (14 March 2019). "Multinational - Angololo Multipurpose Water Resources Development Project". African Development Bank. Abidjan, Ivory Coast. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Coodgu e kaalis ==
Haa lewru sulyee 2022, njoɓdi mahngo ngoo hollitaaka. Kaalis ina ɗaminaa e mbaadi ñamaale ummoraade e fedde hesere ngam ƴellitaare Afrik (NEPAD). Ndee eɓɓoore heɓi ballal kaalis ummoraade e Banke Afriknaajo e nder daawal wiɗto mbaawka.[1][6]
== Miijooji goɗɗi ==
Ndee eɓɓaande ndiyam ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydu ndiyam njareteeɗam e nder gure Tororo, Manafwa e Namisindwa to leydi Uganndaa, e nder wuro Busia e Bungoma to leydi Keñiya.[1]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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2026-06-17T09:40:38Z
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wikitext
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'''Baraas keewɗo faayiida Angololo''' ko baraas peewnaaɗo e maayo Malaba, to keerol hakkunde Keñiya e Uganndaa. Baraas oo maa sos lowre baawnde mooftude 43 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,3×1010 L) ndiyam ngam yarde, ɓuuɓnude e ƴellitde semmbe. Ko ina tolnoo e 3 300 ektaar (8 200 ektaar) ina ɗaminaa maa ngartu e ndiyam (1 180 ektaar (2 900 ektaar) to Keñiya e 2 120 ektaar (5 200 ektaar) to Uganndaa), tawa ndiyam ummotoo ko e ooɗoo baraas. Baraas oo ina ɗaminaa maa naftu ko famɗi fof 127 300 neɗɗo e nder leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee kala. Baraas oo ina ɗaminaa kadi wallitde jolngo tokooso (mini-hydroélectricité) baawngo huutoraade 1,75 megawatt.<ref>Inès Magoum (28 July 2022). "Uganda/Kenya: New dam to provide water and electricity to 5 towns". Afrik21.africa. Paris, France. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Wakere ==
Dam Angololo maa tawe e wuro Bugesera, e nder diiwaan Tororo, e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange leydi Uganndaa. Laana ndiwoowa kaa wonata ko sara maayo Malaba, ngo woni keeri hakkunde leyɗeele hakkunde Keñiya e Uganndaa.<ref>"Road Distance Between Angololo Primary School, Kalait Village, Tororo District, Uganda And Tororo Post Office, Tororo, Uganda" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref> Ɗum ko hedde kilooji 15 (9 mi) e laawol, to fuɗnaange-rewo wuro Tororo, ɗo gardiiɗo diiwaan Tororo woni ɗoo. Wuro Kalait ina woɗɗi ko ina tolnoo e kilooji 52 (32 mi) to fuɗnaange-rewo Mbale, wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange leydi Uganndaa.<ref>"Road Distance Between Angololo Primary School, Kalait Village, Tororo District, Uganda And Mbale Post Office, Mbale, Uganda" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Yiyngo ==
Baraas oo e ooɗoo nokku ina woni e peeje gila e hitaande 2010. E ndeen hitaande, Fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e golle (NELSAP) waɗii wiɗtooji baɗɗiiɗi e mbaadi dokke ummoraade e laamu laamɗo leydi Norwees e laamu laamɗo leydi Suwed. Caggal ɗeen jiyte, laamuuji leyɗe ɗiɗi fuɗnaange Afrik ɗaɓɓiri NELSAP nde naatnata baraas oo e nder « eɓɓaaɗe mum ngam ɓeydaade ƴeewtaade e ƴellitde ». Wertallo eɓɓaande ndee ina tolnoo e 430 kiloomeeteer kaaree (166 miil kaaree).<ref>Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program (March 2020). "Angololo Water Resources Development Project". Nelsap.nilebasin.org. Kigali, Rwanda. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
NELSAP waɗii wizto timmungo, e peeje eɓɓaaɗe laaɓtuɗe, waɗii ƴeewndo batte mum e nder weeyo e renndo (ESIA), ƴettii peeje golle koɗki e njoɓdi (RCAP), e peewnugol kaayitaaji tender. Ndeeɗoo daawal ƴellitaare ƴettii lebbi 34, joofi ko e lewru sulyee 2022. Ko ina tolnoo e 1,83 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik.<ref>Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program (March 2020). "Angololo Water Resources Development Project". Nelsap.nilebasin.org. Kigali, Rwanda. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref><ref>African Development Bank (14 March 2019). "Multinational - Angololo Multipurpose Water Resources Development Project". African Development Bank. Abidjan, Ivory Coast. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Coodgu e kaalis ==
Haa lewru sulyee 2022, njoɓdi mahngo ngoo hollitaaka. Kaalis ina ɗaminaa e mbaadi ñamaale ummoraade e fedde hesere ngam ƴellitaare Afrik (NEPAD). Ndee eɓɓoore heɓi ballal kaalis ummoraade e Banke Afriknaajo e nder daawal wiɗto mbaawka.[1][6]
== Miijooji goɗɗi ==
Ndee eɓɓaande ndiyam ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydu ndiyam njareteeɗam e nder gure Tororo, Manafwa e Namisindwa to leydi Uganndaa, e nder wuro Busia e Bungoma to leydi Keñiya.<ref>Inès Magoum (28 July 2022). "Uganda/Kenya: New dam to provide water and electricity to 5 towns". Afrik21.africa. Paris, France. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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wikitext
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'''Baraas keewɗo faayiida Angololo''' ko baraas peewnaaɗo e maayo Malaba, to keerol hakkunde Keñiya e Uganndaa. Baraas oo maa sos lowre baawnde mooftude 43 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,3×1010 L) ndiyam ngam yarde, ɓuuɓnude e ƴellitde semmbe. Ko ina tolnoo e 3 300 ektaar (8 200 ektaar) ina ɗaminaa maa ngartu e ndiyam (1 180 ektaar (2 900 ektaar) to Keñiya e 2 120 ektaar (5 200 ektaar) to Uganndaa), tawa ndiyam ummotoo ko e ooɗoo baraas. Baraas oo ina ɗaminaa maa naftu ko famɗi fof 127 300 neɗɗo e nder leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee kala. Baraas oo ina ɗaminaa kadi wallitde jolngo tokooso (mini-hydroélectricité) baawngo huutoraade 1,75 megawatt.<ref>Inès Magoum (28 July 2022). "Uganda/Kenya: New dam to provide water and electricity to 5 towns". Afrik21.africa. Paris, France. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Wakere ==
Dam Angololo maa tawe e wuro Bugesera, e nder diiwaan Tororo, e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange leydi Uganndaa. Laana ndiwoowa kaa wonata ko sara maayo Malaba, ngo woni keeri hakkunde leyɗeele hakkunde Keñiya e Uganndaa.<ref>"Road Distance Between Angololo Primary School, Kalait Village, Tororo District, Uganda And Tororo Post Office, Tororo, Uganda" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref> Ɗum ko hedde kilooji 15 (9 mi) e laawol, to fuɗnaange-rewo wuro Tororo, ɗo gardiiɗo diiwaan Tororo woni ɗoo. Wuro Kalait ina woɗɗi ko ina tolnoo e kilooji 52 (32 mi) to fuɗnaange-rewo Mbale, wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange leydi Uganndaa.<ref>"Road Distance Between Angololo Primary School, Kalait Village, Tororo District, Uganda And Mbale Post Office, Mbale, Uganda" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Yiyngo ==
Baraas oo e ooɗoo nokku ina woni e peeje gila e hitaande 2010. E ndeen hitaande, Fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e golle (NELSAP) waɗii wiɗtooji baɗɗiiɗi e mbaadi dokke ummoraade e laamu laamɗo leydi Norwees e laamu laamɗo leydi Suwed. Caggal ɗeen jiyte, laamuuji leyɗe ɗiɗi fuɗnaange Afrik ɗaɓɓiri NELSAP nde naatnata baraas oo e nder « eɓɓaaɗe mum ngam ɓeydaade ƴeewtaade e ƴellitde ». Wertallo eɓɓaande ndee ina tolnoo e 430 kiloomeeteer kaaree (166 miil kaaree).<ref>Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program (March 2020). "Angololo Water Resources Development Project". Nelsap.nilebasin.org. Kigali, Rwanda. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
NELSAP waɗii wizto timmungo, e peeje eɓɓaaɗe laaɓtuɗe, waɗii ƴeewndo batte mum e nder weeyo e renndo (ESIA), ƴettii peeje golle koɗki e njoɓdi (RCAP), e peewnugol kaayitaaji tender. Ndeeɗoo daawal ƴellitaare ƴettii lebbi 34, joofi ko e lewru sulyee 2022. Ko ina tolnoo e 1,83 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik.<ref>Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program (March 2020). "Angololo Water Resources Development Project". Nelsap.nilebasin.org. Kigali, Rwanda. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref><ref>African Development Bank (14 March 2019). "Multinational - Angololo Multipurpose Water Resources Development Project". African Development Bank. Abidjan, Ivory Coast. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Coodgu e kaalis ==
Haa lewru sulyee 2022, njoɓdi mahngo ngoo hollitaaka. Kaalis ina ɗaminaa e mbaadi ñamaale ummoraade e fedde hesere ngam ƴellitaare Afrik (NEPAD). Ndee eɓɓoore heɓi ballal kaalis ummoraade e Banke Afriknaajo e nder daawal wiɗto mbaawka.<ref>Inès Magoum (28 July 2022). "Uganda/Kenya: New dam to provide water and electricity to 5 towns". ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Miijooji goɗɗi ==
Ndee eɓɓaande ndiyam ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydu ndiyam njareteeɗam e nder gure Tororo, Manafwa e Namisindwa to leydi Uganndaa, e nder wuro Busia e Bungoma to leydi Keñiya.<ref>Inès Magoum (28 July 2022). "Uganda/Kenya: New dam to provide water and electricity to 5 towns". Afrik21.africa. Paris, France. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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2026-06-17T09:42:12Z
Nnamadee
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'''Baraas keewɗo faayiida Angololo''' ko baraas peewnaaɗo e maayo Malaba, to keerol hakkunde Keñiya e Uganndaa. Baraas oo maa sos lowre baawnde mooftude 43 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,3×1010 L) ndiyam ngam yarde, ɓuuɓnude e ƴellitde semmbe. Ko ina tolnoo e 3 300 ektaar (8 200 ektaar) ina ɗaminaa maa ngartu e ndiyam (1 180 ektaar (2 900 ektaar) to Keñiya e 2 120 ektaar (5 200 ektaar) to Uganndaa), tawa ndiyam ummotoo ko e ooɗoo baraas. Baraas oo ina ɗaminaa maa naftu ko famɗi fof 127 300 neɗɗo e nder leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee kala. Baraas oo ina ɗaminaa kadi wallitde jolngo tokooso (mini-hydroélectricité) baawngo huutoraade 1,75 megawatt.<ref>Inès Magoum (28 July 2022). "Uganda/Kenya: New dam to provide water and electricity to 5 towns". Afrik21.africa. Paris, France. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Wakere ==
Dam Angololo maa tawe e wuro Bugesera, e nder diiwaan Tororo, e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange leydi Uganndaa. Laana ndiwoowa kaa wonata ko sara maayo Malaba, ngo woni keeri hakkunde leyɗeele hakkunde Keñiya e Uganndaa.<ref>"Road Distance Between Angololo Primary School, Kalait Village, Tororo District, Uganda And Tororo Post Office, Tororo, Uganda" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref> Ɗum ko hedde kilooji 15 (9 mi) e laawol, to fuɗnaange-rewo wuro Tororo, ɗo gardiiɗo diiwaan Tororo woni ɗoo. Wuro Kalait ina woɗɗi ko ina tolnoo e kilooji 52 (32 mi) to fuɗnaange-rewo Mbale, wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan fuɗnaange leydi Uganndaa.<ref>"Road Distance Between Angololo Primary School, Kalait Village, Tororo District, Uganda And Mbale Post Office, Mbale, Uganda" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Yiyngo ==
Baraas oo e ooɗoo nokku ina woni e peeje gila e hitaande 2010. E ndeen hitaande, Fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e golle (NELSAP) waɗii wiɗtooji baɗɗiiɗi e mbaadi dokke ummoraade e laamu laamɗo leydi Norwees e laamu laamɗo leydi Suwed. Caggal ɗeen jiyte, laamuuji leyɗe ɗiɗi fuɗnaange Afrik ɗaɓɓiri NELSAP nde naatnata baraas oo e nder « eɓɓaaɗe mum ngam ɓeydaade ƴeewtaade e ƴellitde ». Wertallo eɓɓaande ndee ina tolnoo e 430 kiloomeeteer kaaree (166 miil kaaree).<ref>Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program (March 2020). "Angololo Water Resources Development Project". Nelsap.nilebasin.org. Kigali, Rwanda. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
NELSAP waɗii wizto timmungo, e peeje eɓɓaaɗe laaɓtuɗe, waɗii ƴeewndo batte mum e nder weeyo e renndo (ESIA), ƴettii peeje golle koɗki e njoɓdi (RCAP), e peewnugol kaayitaaji tender. Ndeeɗoo daawal ƴellitaare ƴettii lebbi 34, joofi ko e lewru sulyee 2022. Ko ina tolnoo e 1,83 miliyoŋ dolaar Amerik.<ref>Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program (March 2020). "Angololo Water Resources Development Project". Nelsap.nilebasin.org. Kigali, Rwanda. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref><ref>African Development Bank (14 March 2019). "Multinational - Angololo Multipurpose Water Resources Development Project". African Development Bank. Abidjan, Ivory Coast. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Coodgu e kaalis ==
Haa lewru sulyee 2022, njoɓdi mahngo ngoo hollitaaka. Kaalis ina ɗaminaa e mbaadi ñamaale ummoraade e fedde hesere ngam ƴellitaare Afrik (NEPAD). Ndee eɓɓoore heɓi ballal kaalis ummoraade e Banke Afriknaajo e nder daawal wiɗto mbaawka.<ref>Inès Magoum (28 July 2022). "Uganda/Kenya: New dam to provide water and electricity to 5 towns". ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref><ref>African Development Bank (14 March 2019). "Multinational - Angololo Multipurpose Water Resources Development Project". African Development Bank. Abidjan, Ivory Coast. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Miijooji goɗɗi ==
Ndee eɓɓaande ndiyam ina ɗaminaa maa ɓeydu ndiyam njareteeɗam e nder gure Tororo, Manafwa e Namisindwa to leydi Uganndaa, e nder wuro Busia e Bungoma to leydi Keñiya.<ref>Inès Magoum (28 July 2022). "Uganda/Kenya: New dam to provide water and electricity to 5 towns". Afrik21.africa. Paris, France. Retrieved 28 July 2022.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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Lloyd Leith
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2026-06-17T09:37:09Z
Ilya Discuss
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Lloyd R. Leith (7 desaambar 1902 – 30 suwee 1979) ko ñaawoowo basket Ameriknaajo e coftuɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. O jeyaa ko e San Fransisko, Kaliforni, ardii 16 kawgel basket worɓe NCAA hakkunde 1939 e 1955. O woniino kadi gardiiɗo coftal ɓalli to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Balboa (1931-36), duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde George Washington (1936-42) e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Mission (1945-72).
Jokkondire yaajɗe
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Lloyd R. Leith (7 desaambar 1902 – 30 suwee 1979) ko ñaawoowo basket Ameriknaajo e coftuɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. O jeyaa ko e San Fransisko, Kaliforni, ardii 16 kawgel basket worɓe NCAA hakkunde 1939 e 1955. O woniino kadi gardiiɗo coftal ɓalli to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Balboa (1931-36), duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde George Washington (1936-42) e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Mission (1945-72).
Jokkondire yaajɗe
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'''Lloyd R. Leith''' (7 desaambar 1902 – 30 suwee 1979) ko ñaawoowo basket Ameriknaajo e coftuɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. O jeyaa ko e San Fransisko, Kaliforni, ardii 16 kawgel basket worɓe NCAA hakkunde 1939 e 1955. O woniino kadi gardiiɗo coftal ɓalli to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Balboa (1931-36), duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde George Washington (1936-42) e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Mission (1945-72).
== Jokkondire yaajɗe ==
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Fred Lindop
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George Frederick Lindop MBE (20 sulyee 1938 – lewru Yarkomaa 2023) ko ñaawoowo rugby to Angalteer. O ardii pottital 22 jarriborgal, ina heen pottital finaal Kop Adunaajo e hitaande 1970. O ardii kadi pottital joy finaal Challenge Cup.
Lindop toɗɗaama tergal e fedde laamu Biritaan (MBE) e hitaande 1989 ngam golle makko e nder fedde rugby, o naatnaa e doggol teddungal fedde rugby football e hitaande 2009.
Lindop sosi kadi kippu rugby to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sheffield e hitaande 1969, o janngini ɗum en. O jannginii fedde rugby sukaaɓe to fedde Eastmoor to Wakefield e fedde Oulton Raiders sara Leeds.
Maayde makko hollitaama ñalnde 23 lewru bowte hitaande 2023, tawi omo yahra e duuɓi 84.
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'''George Frederick Lindop MBE''' (20 sulyee 1938 – lewru Yarkomaa 2023) ko ñaawoowo rugby to Angalteer. O ardii pottital 22 jarriborgal, ina heen pottital finaal Kop Adunaajo e hitaande 1970. O ardii kadi pottital joy finaal Challenge Cup.
Lindop toɗɗaama tergal e fedde laamu Biritaan (MBE) e hitaande 1989 ngam golle makko e nder fedde rugby, o naatnaa e doggol teddungal fedde rugby football e hitaande 2009.
Lindop sosi kadi kippu rugby to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sheffield e hitaande 1969, o janngini ɗum en. O jannginii fedde rugby sukaaɓe to fedde Eastmoor to Wakefield e fedde Oulton Raiders sara Leeds.
Maayde makko hollitaama ñalnde 23 lewru bowte hitaande 2023, tawi omo yahra e duuɓi 84.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''George Frederick Lindop MBE''' (20 sulyee 1938 – lewru Yarkomaa 2023) ko ñaawoowo rugby to Angalteer. O ardii pottital 22 jarriborgal, ina heen pottital finaal Kop Adunaajo e hitaande 1970. O ardii kadi pottital joy finaal Challenge Cup.
Lindop toɗɗaama tergal e fedde laamu Biritaan (MBE) e hitaande 1989 ngam golle makko e nder fedde rugby, o naatnaa e doggol teddungal fedde rugby football e hitaande 2009.
Lindop sosi kadi kippu rugby to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sheffield e hitaande 1969, o janngini ɗum en. O jannginii fedde rugby sukaaɓe to fedde Eastmoor to Wakefield e fedde Oulton Raiders sara Leeds.
Maayde makko hollitaama ñalnde 23 lewru bowte hitaande 2023, tawi omo yahra e duuɓi 84.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''George Frederick Lindop MBE''' (20 sulyee 1938 – lewru Yarkomaa 2023) ko ñaawoowo rugby to Angalteer. O ardii pottital 22 jarriborgal, ina heen pottital finaal Kop Adunaajo e hitaande 1970. O ardii kadi pottital joy finaal Challenge Cup.
Lindop toɗɗaama tergal e fedde laamu Biritaan (MBE) e hitaande 1989 ngam golle makko e nder fedde rugby, o naatnaa e doggol teddungal fedde rugby football e hitaande 2009.
Lindop sosi kadi kippu rugby to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sheffield e hitaande 1969, o janngini ɗum en. O jannginii fedde rugby sukaaɓe to fedde Eastmoor to Wakefield e fedde Oulton Raiders sara Leeds.
Maayde makko hollitaama ñalnde 23 lewru bowte hitaande 2023, tawi omo yahra e duuɓi 84.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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Baraas Al Massira
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Created page with "'''Baraas Al Massira''' ko baraas gonɗo e 70 kiloomeeteer (43 mi) to fuɗnaange Settat e maayo Oum Er-Rbia to diiwaan Settat, Maruk. Baraas oo timminaama e hitaande 1979, ina rokka ndiyam ngam ustude ko ina tolnoo e 100 000 ektaar (250 000 ektaar) leydi ndema e nder diiwaan Doukkala. Ko noon kadi, jolngo ndiyam baraas oo ina soomi 221 gigawatt-hoore (800 TJ) e nder hitaande kala. Stasiyoŋ kuuraa oo fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1980. To bannge worgo baraas oo ko baraas rip ra..."
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'''Baraas Al Massira''' ko baraas gonɗo e 70 kiloomeeteer (43 mi) to fuɗnaange Settat e maayo Oum Er-Rbia to diiwaan Settat, Maruk. Baraas oo timminaama e hitaande 1979, ina rokka ndiyam ngam ustude ko ina tolnoo e 100 000 ektaar (250 000 ektaar) leydi ndema e nder diiwaan Doukkala. Ko noon kadi, jolngo ndiyam baraas oo ina soomi 221 gigawatt-hoore (800 TJ) e nder hitaande kala. Stasiyoŋ kuuraa oo fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1980. To bannge worgo baraas oo ko baraas rip rap saddle ballitoowo toowgol ndiyam e nder weendu nduu.<ref>"Al Massira" (in French). Secretariat D'etat Charge de L'eau et de L'environnement. Archived from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2011.</ref>
== Tarde ==
Reservoir baraas oo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi ɗii toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokku Ramsar e hitaande 2005.<ref>"Barrage al Massira". BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 2024. Retrieved 2024-10-23.</ref> Leyɗeele ɓutte ɗee kadi toɗɗaama nokkuuji colli teeŋtuɗi (IBA) e BirdLife International sabu ɗe mballita ko heewi e colli ndiyam e nder ndunngu, ina heen colli ɓuuɓɗi, colli marbere, colli ɓuuɓɗi to bannge worgo e colli ɓuuɓɗi.<ref>"Barrage al Massira". BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 2024. Retrieved 2024-10-23.</ref>
E hitaande 2024 ƴeewndo natal satelit baraas oo e BBC hollitii wonde keeweendi ndiyam ko 3% e keeweendi gonndi e duuɓi jeenay ko adii ɗuum. Leydi ndii tampiniino yooro duuɓi jeegom deggondirɗi. Jaagorgal leydi Marok ko feewti e ndiyam hollitii BBC wonde huutoraade ndiyam baraas o ngam ustude leydi ndema dartinaama gila 2021, ndiyam ɗam ina reenee ngam rokkude gure ko wayi no Casablanca e Marrakech. Heewɓe e ɓulli e nder koye Atlas hakkundeejo, ñamlooji ɓulli ɗii, njooriima. Ustagol neesuuji e dow tooweeki ina addana kadi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ustaade e nder maayooji ñamlirɗi baraas oo. E lewru ut 2023 Maruk winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 50,4C ko ɗum addani ɓeydagol nguleeki, ɓeydi heen ustaare tolno ndiyam.<ref>"Morocco drought: Satellite images show vital Al Massira reservoir is shrinking". BBC News. 10 April 2024. Archived from the original on 10 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Al Massira''' ko baraas gonɗo e 70 kiloomeeteer (43 mi) to fuɗnaange Settat e maayo Oum Er-Rbia to diiwaan Settat, Maruk. Baraas oo timminaama e hitaande 1979, ina rokka ndiyam ngam ustude ko ina tolnoo e 100 000 ektaar (250 000 ektaar) leydi ndema e nder diiwaan Doukkala. Ko noon kadi, jolngo ndiyam baraas oo ina soomi 221 gigawatt-hoore (800 TJ) e nder hitaande kala. Stasiyoŋ kuuraa oo fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1980. To bannge worgo baraas oo ko baraas rip rap saddle ballitoowo toowgol ndiyam e nder weendu nduu.<ref>"Al Massira" (in French). Secretariat D'etat Charge de L'eau et de L'environnement. Archived from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2011.</ref>
== Tarde ==
Reservoir baraas oo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi ɗii toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokku Ramsar e hitaande 2005.<ref>"Barrage al Massira". BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 2024. Retrieved 2024-10-23.</ref> Leyɗeele ɓutte ɗee kadi toɗɗaama nokkuuji colli teeŋtuɗi (IBA) e BirdLife International sabu ɗe mballita ko heewi e colli ndiyam e nder ndunngu, ina heen colli ɓuuɓɗi, colli marbere, colli ɓuuɓɗi to bannge worgo e colli ɓuuɓɗi.<ref>"Barrage al Massira". BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 2024. Retrieved 2024-10-23.</ref>
E hitaande 2024 ƴeewndo natal satelit baraas oo e BBC hollitii wonde keeweendi ndiyam ko 3% e keeweendi gonndi e duuɓi jeenay ko adii ɗuum. Leydi ndii tampiniino yooro duuɓi jeegom deggondirɗi. Jaagorgal leydi Marok ko feewti e ndiyam hollitii BBC wonde huutoraade ndiyam baraas o ngam ustude leydi ndema dartinaama gila 2021, ndiyam ɗam ina reenee ngam rokkude gure ko wayi no Casablanca e Marrakech. Heewɓe e ɓulli e nder koye Atlas hakkundeejo, ñamlooji ɓulli ɗii, njooriima. Ustagol neesuuji e dow tooweeki ina addana kadi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ustaade e nder maayooji ñamlirɗi baraas oo. E lewru ut 2023 Maruk winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 50,4C ko ɗum addani ɓeydagol nguleeki, ɓeydi heen ustaare tolno ndiyam.<ref>"Morocco drought: Satellite images show vital Al Massira reservoir is shrinking". BBC News. 10 April 2024. Archived from the original on 10 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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Ed Marion
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Edward P. Marion (1927 – 28 abriil 2008) ko mawɗo Ameriknaajo e nder fedde fuku koyɗe (NFL). Marion wonnoo ko e ligue tuggi 1960 haa 1987, o laawɗinaama e Super Bowl V, IX e XI. O ɓoornii ko limoore 26 ko ɓuri heewde e nguurndam makko (e nder yonta 1979–81, o ɓoornii ko limoore 6).
Marion jibinaa ko e hitaande 1927 to Charlotte, to Karolina worgo, o mawni ko to Harrisburg, to Pennsylvania, o woniino e konu ndiyam Amerik e wolde adunaare ɗimmere. O heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e hitaande 1950, ɗo o fiyi fuku Amerik. O golliima e nder pension e asiraagal fotde duuɓi 46.
Marion wonnoo ko gardiiɗo mawɗo fedde arbiteeɓe fuku koyɗe (PFRA), ardiiɗo fedde arbiteeɓe ligue nationale football (NFLRA), suɓaama hooreejo senndikaa e yiilirde mum adannde e hitaande 1972 e tapped gardiiɗo gollordu e hitaande 1974. Marion wonnoo ko golloowo gadano ngam heɓde pensionuuji jooni ɗii kawral jom en NFL e hitaande 1974.
Marion sankii ko ñalnde 28 lewru abriil hitaande 2008 to wuro wiyeteengo Coatesville, to leydi Pensilvaani.[3]
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Edward P. Marion (1927 – 28 abriil 2008) ko mawɗo Ameriknaajo e nder fedde fuku koyɗe (NFL). Marion wonnoo ko e ligue tuggi 1960 haa 1987, o laawɗinaama e Super Bowl V, IX e XI. O ɓoornii ko limoore 26 ko ɓuri heewde e nguurndam makko (e nder yonta 1979–81, o ɓoornii ko limoore 6).
Marion jibinaa ko e hitaande 1927 to Charlotte, to Karolina worgo, o mawni ko to Harrisburg, to Pennsylvania, o woniino e konu ndiyam Amerik e wolde adunaare ɗimmere. O heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e hitaande 1950, ɗo o fiyi fuku Amerik. O golliima e nder pension e asiraagal fotde duuɓi 46.
Marion wonnoo ko gardiiɗo mawɗo fedde arbiteeɓe fuku koyɗe (PFRA), ardiiɗo fedde arbiteeɓe ligue nationale football (NFLRA), suɓaama hooreejo senndikaa e yiilirde mum adannde e hitaande 1972 e tapped gardiiɗo gollordu e hitaande 1974. Marion wonnoo ko golloowo gadano ngam heɓde pensionuuji jooni ɗii kawral jom en NFL e hitaande 1974.
Marion sankii ko ñalnde 28 lewru abriil hitaande 2008 to wuro wiyeteengo Coatesville, to leydi Pensilvaani.[3]
Tuugnorgal
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'''Edward P. Marion''' (1927 – 28 abriil 2008) ko mawɗo Ameriknaajo e nder fedde fuku koyɗe (NFL). Marion wonnoo ko e ligue tuggi 1960 haa 1987, o laawɗinaama e Super Bowl V, IX e XI. O ɓoornii ko limoore 26 ko ɓuri heewde e nguurndam makko (e nder yonta 1979–81, o ɓoornii ko limoore 6).
Marion jibinaa ko e hitaande 1927 to Charlotte, to Karolina worgo, o mawni ko to Harrisburg, to Pennsylvania, o woniino e konu ndiyam Amerik e wolde adunaare ɗimmere. O heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e hitaande 1950, ɗo o fiyi fuku Amerik. O golliima e nder pension e asiraagal fotde duuɓi 46.
Marion wonnoo ko gardiiɗo mawɗo fedde arbiteeɓe fuku koyɗe (PFRA), ardiiɗo fedde arbiteeɓe ligue nationale football (NFLRA), suɓaama hooreejo senndikaa e yiilirde mum adannde e hitaande 1972 e tapped gardiiɗo gollordu e hitaande 1974. Marion wonnoo ko golloowo gadano ngam heɓde pensionuuji jooni ɗii kawral jom en NFL e hitaande 1974.
Marion sankii ko ñalnde 28 lewru abriil hitaande 2008 to wuro wiyeteengo Coatesville, to leydi Pensilvaani.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Edward P. Marion''' (1927 – 28 abriil 2008) ko mawɗo Ameriknaajo e nder fedde fuku koyɗe (NFL). Marion wonnoo ko e ligue tuggi 1960 haa 1987, o laawɗinaama e Super Bowl V, IX e XI. O ɓoornii ko limoore 26 ko ɓuri heewde e nguurndam makko (e nder yonta 1979–81, o ɓoornii ko limoore 6).<ref name="obit">{{cite web|title=Obituary|url=http://obituaries.pressherald.com/obituaries/mainetoday-pressherald/obituary.aspx?n=edward-p-marion&pid=108670145|work=Portland Press Herald/Maine Sunday Telegram|date=30 April 2008|via=Legacy|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615004900/http://obituaries.pressherald.com/obituaries/mainetoday-pressherald/obituary.aspx?n=edward-p-marion&pid=108670145|archivedate=15 June 2018|accessdate=18 July 2023}}</ref>.<ref name="obit" />
Marion jibinaa ko e hitaande 1927 to Charlotte, to Karolina worgo, o mawni ko to Harrisburg, to Pennsylvania, o woniino e konu ndiyam Amerik e wolde adunaare ɗimmere. O heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e hitaande 1950, ɗo o fiyi fuku Amerik. O golliima e nder pension e asiraagal fotde duuɓi 46.
Marion wonnoo ko gardiiɗo mawɗo fedde arbiteeɓe fuku koyɗe (PFRA), ardiiɗo fedde arbiteeɓe ligue nationale football (NFLRA), suɓaama hooreejo senndikaa e yiilirde mum adannde e hitaande 1972 e tapped gardiiɗo gollordu e hitaande 1974. Marion wonnoo ko golloowo gadano ngam heɓde pensionuuji jooni ɗii kawral jom en NFL e hitaande 1974.
Marion sankii ko ñalnde 28 lewru abriil hitaande 2008 to wuro wiyeteengo Coatesville, to leydi Pensilvaani.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Edward P. Marion''' (1927 – 28 abriil 2008) ko mawɗo Ameriknaajo e nder fedde fuku koyɗe (NFL). Marion wonnoo ko e ligue tuggi 1960 haa 1987, o laawɗinaama e Super Bowl V, IX e XI. O ɓoornii ko limoore 26 ko ɓuri heewde e nguurndam makko (e nder yonta 1979–81, o ɓoornii ko limoore 6).<ref name="obit">{{cite web|title=Obituary|url=http://obituaries.pressherald.com/obituaries/mainetoday-pressherald/obituary.aspx?n=edward-p-marion&pid=108670145|work=Portland Press Herald/Maine Sunday Telegram|date=30 April 2008|via=Legacy|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615004900/http://obituaries.pressherald.com/obituaries/mainetoday-pressherald/obituary.aspx?n=edward-p-marion&pid=108670145|archivedate=15 June 2018|accessdate=18 July 2023}}</ref>.<ref name="obit" />
Marion jibinaa ko e hitaande 1927 to Charlotte, to Karolina worgo, o mawni ko to Harrisburg, to Pennsylvania, o woniino e konu ndiyam Amerik e wolde adunaare ɗimmere. O heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e hitaande 1950, ɗo o fiyi fuku Amerik. O golliima e nder pension e asiraagal fotde duuɓi 46..<ref name="Hamer02">Dale Hamer, Scott Green, and Jeff Triplette (eds.), [[iarchive:pfra-nflra-the-official-story-2404|''PFRA/NFLRA History: Professional Football Referees Association (1972–2000) and National Football League Referees Association (2000–date),'']] National Football League Referees Association, via www.nflra.com/, version of April 2024, p. 2.</ref>
Marion wonnoo ko gardiiɗo mawɗo fedde arbiteeɓe fuku koyɗe (PFRA), ardiiɗo fedde arbiteeɓe ligue nationale football (NFLRA), suɓaama hooreejo senndikaa e yiilirde mum adannde e hitaande 1972 e tapped gardiiɗo gollordu e hitaande 1974. Marion wonnoo ko golloowo gadano ngam heɓde pensionuuji jooni ɗii kawral jom en NFL e hitaande 1974.
Marion sankii ko ñalnde 28 lewru abriil hitaande 2008 to wuro wiyeteengo Coatesville, to leydi Pensilvaani.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Edward P. Marion''' (1927 – 28 abriil 2008) ko mawɗo Ameriknaajo e nder fedde fuku koyɗe (NFL). Marion wonnoo ko e ligue tuggi 1960 haa 1987, o laawɗinaama e Super Bowl V, IX e XI. O ɓoornii ko limoore 26 ko ɓuri heewde e nguurndam makko (e nder yonta 1979–81, o ɓoornii ko limoore 6).<ref name="obit">{{cite web|title=Obituary|url=http://obituaries.pressherald.com/obituaries/mainetoday-pressherald/obituary.aspx?n=edward-p-marion&pid=108670145|work=Portland Press Herald/Maine Sunday Telegram|date=30 April 2008|via=Legacy|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615004900/http://obituaries.pressherald.com/obituaries/mainetoday-pressherald/obituary.aspx?n=edward-p-marion&pid=108670145|archivedate=15 June 2018|accessdate=18 July 2023}}</ref>.<ref name="obit" />
Marion jibinaa ko e hitaande 1927 to Charlotte, to Karolina worgo, o mawni ko to Harrisburg, to Pennsylvania, o woniino e konu ndiyam Amerik e wolde adunaare ɗimmere. O heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pennsylvania e hitaande 1950, ɗo o fiyi fuku Amerik. O golliima e nder pension e asiraagal fotde duuɓi 46..<ref name="Hamer02">Dale Hamer, Scott Green, and Jeff Triplette (eds.), [[iarchive:pfra-nflra-the-official-story-2404|''PFRA/NFLRA History: Professional Football Referees Association (1972–2000) and National Football League Referees Association (2000–date),'']] National Football League Referees Association, via www.nflra.com/, version of April 2024, p. 2.</ref>
Marion wonnoo ko gardiiɗo mawɗo fedde arbiteeɓe fuku koyɗe (PFRA), ardiiɗo fedde arbiteeɓe ligue nationale football (NFLRA), suɓaama hooreejo senndikaa e yiilirde mum adannde e hitaande 1972 e tapped gardiiɗo gollordu e hitaande 1974. Marion wonnoo ko golloowo gadano ngam heɓde pensionuuji jooni ɗii kawral jom en NFL e hitaande 1974.
Marion sankii ko ñalnde 28 lewru abriil hitaande 2008 to wuro wiyeteengo Coatesville, to leydi Pensilvaani..<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 29, 2008|title=Ex-NFL official Ed Marion dies at 81|url=https://www.nfl.com/news/ex-nfl-official-ed-marion-dies-at-81-09000d5d808100fe|access-date=2024-02-17|website=NFL.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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Baraas Al Wahda (Maruk)
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Created page with "'''Baraas Al Wahda''', ko adii fof ko baraas M'Jaara, ko baraas gonɗo e maayo Ouergha sara M ́Jaara e nder diiwaan Ouezzane, Maruk. Nde mahiraa ko ngam haɓaade ilam, ndiyam, jolngo ndiyam e peewnugol kuuraa ndiyam. Ko kañum woni baraas ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder worgo Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi Maruk.<ref>"Lake Al Wahda Morocco". Atlas of Our Changing Environment. 10 June 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2010.</ref> Nde siforii e j..."
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'''Baraas Al Wahda''', ko adii fof ko baraas M'Jaara, ko baraas gonɗo e maayo Ouergha sara M ́Jaara e nder diiwaan Ouezzane, Maruk. Nde mahiraa ko ngam haɓaade ilam, ndiyam, jolngo ndiyam e peewnugol kuuraa ndiyam. Ko kañum woni baraas ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder worgo Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi Maruk.<ref>"Lake Al Wahda Morocco". Atlas of Our Changing Environment. 10 June 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2010.</ref> Nde siforii e jokkondiral geec leydi e nder nokkuuji daande maayo (LOICZ) wonde "baraas ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo teeŋtude e Afrik caggal baraas Aswan toowɗo."<ref>R. Arthurton; M. Le Tissier; M. Snoussi; J. Kitheka; Y. Shaghude; A. Kane; G. Flöser; H. Kremer (2008). "Global Change Assessment and Synthesis of River Catchment - Coastal Sea Interactions and Human Dimensions in Africa" (PDF). LOICZ. p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2010.</ref>
== Ɓawo ==
E hitaande 1988, Yiilirde Ndiyam e Kilimatiseer ƴeewtiima baraas oo, haa jooni ina wasiyee ngam ƴellitde ɗum.[3] Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1991, baraas oo fuɗɗii sosde lowre mum ko e hitaande 1996, udditaa ñalnde 20 marse 1997, ko laamɗo Hassan II.[4] Ko ina tolnoo e 14 000 000 m3 (490 000 000 ft3) e kaɓirɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo ngoo.<ref>"Al Wahda M'Jaara Dam". Structurae. Retrieved 17 October 2010.</ref>
== Sifaaaji ==
Baraas oo ko sifaa ɓulli leydi peewnaaɗi e 28 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (990 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo) e kaɓirɗe e 720 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (25 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo) e beton. Ko 88 meeter (289 ft) toownde e nokku mum ɓurɗo toowde e feccere mawnde e baraas oo ko 1,600 meeter (5,200 ft) njuuteendi. To bannge worgo e saraaji ɓuuɓol ngol ina waɗi baraas saɗtuɗo, njuuteendi mum ko 1 000 meeter (3 300 ft) e tooweeki mum ko 30 meeter (98 ft). Ko ɓuuɓri baraas oo, e nder caka mum, ina jokkondiri e dame jeegom, ina jogii mbaawka ɓuuɓde ko ɓuri 13 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (460 000 cu ft/s).[4]
== Koolaaɗo kuuɓal ==
Laana ndiwoowa, to ŋoral baraas oo e saraaji ɓuuɓri ndii ina rokka ndiyam e laawol 10,8 meeter (35 ft) njaajeendi e 247 meeter (810 ft) njuuteendi tuuba ko noon kadi ina wayla ndiyam ɗam e nder penstocks tati. Kala heen ina waɗi 5,7 meeter (19 ft) njaajeendi, 60 meeter (200 ft) njuuteendi. Ndee feere ina rokka 62 meeteer (203 ft) hoore ndiyam e haa 450 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (16 000 cu ft/s) e turbineeji Francis.[4] Kala turbine ina jogii doole 80 megawatt (110 000 hp) ngam waawde huutoraade 240 megawatt (320 000 hp).[6]
== Batte mum ==
Baraas oo waɗii batte moƴƴe dow maayo ngoo, sibu ina rokka ndiyam ngam yarde e ɓuuɓnude. Yanti heen, nde wallitii ustude ilam e nder diiwaan Gharb sara maayo Ouergha e Sebou fotde 90%. Ina rokka ndiyam ngam waawde ustude ko ina tolnoo e 110 000 ektaar (270 000 ektaar).[3] Yiite peewnaaɗe e wertallo ndiyam baraas oo kadi ina usta ɓuuɓri 140 000 ton metrik (140 000 ton juutɗo; 150 000 ton juutɗo) e petroŋ fossil e hitaande wondude e huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande semmbe ɓurnde mawnude. Reservoir baraas oo noon ina jogii tolno siltation mawɗo, ina hiisa wonde ina waawi waasde 60 miliyoŋ meeteer kubik (2.1×109 cu ft) e hitaande kala. Silt gonɗo e nder weendu nduu kadi yettaaki e daande maayo ngo ɓeydata ɓuuɓde e saraaji maayo ngoo.[1]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Al Wahda''', ko adii fof ko baraas M'Jaara, ko baraas gonɗo e maayo Ouergha sara M ́Jaara e nder diiwaan Ouezzane, Maruk. Nde mahiraa ko ngam haɓaade ilam, ndiyam, jolngo ndiyam e peewnugol kuuraa ndiyam. Ko kañum woni baraas ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder worgo Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi Maruk.<ref>"Lake Al Wahda Morocco". Atlas of Our Changing Environment. 10 June 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2010.</ref> Nde siforii e jokkondiral geec leydi e nder nokkuuji daande maayo (LOICZ) wonde "baraas ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo teeŋtude e Afrik caggal baraas Aswan toowɗo."<ref>R. Arthurton; M. Le Tissier; M. Snoussi; J. Kitheka; Y. Shaghude; A. Kane; G. Flöser; H. Kremer (2008). "Global Change Assessment and Synthesis of River Catchment - Coastal Sea Interactions and Human Dimensions in Africa" (PDF). LOICZ. p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2010.</ref>
== Ɓawo ==
E hitaande 1988, Yiilirde Ndiyam e Kilimatiseer ƴeewtiima baraas oo, haa jooni ina wasiyee ngam ƴellitde ɗum.<ref>Boumehdi, Hadj Ahmed (December 9, 2007). "The management plan's Water Ouergha had a decisive contribution to the region" (in French). Maghress. Retrieved 17 October 2010</ref> Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1991, baraas oo fuɗɗii sosde lowre mum ko e hitaande 1996, udditaa ñalnde 20 marse 1997, ko laamɗo Hassan II.<ref name=":0">Boumehdi, Ahmed (March 12, 2003). "Grands équipements : le barrage Al Wahda". Maghress. Archived from the original on 29 March 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2010.</ref> Ko ina tolnoo e 14 000 000 m3 (490 000 000 ft3) e kaɓirɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo ngoo.<ref>"Al Wahda M'Jaara Dam". Structurae. Retrieved 17 October 2010.</ref>
== Sifaaaji ==
Baraas oo ko sifaa ɓulli leydi peewnaaɗi e 28 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (990 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo) e kaɓirɗe e 720 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (25 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo) e beton. Ko 88 meeter (289 ft) toownde e nokku mum ɓurɗo toowde e feccere mawnde e baraas oo ko 1,600 meeter (5,200 ft) njuuteendi. To bannge worgo e saraaji ɓuuɓol ngol ina waɗi baraas saɗtuɗo, njuuteendi mum ko 1 000 meeter (3 300 ft) e tooweeki mum ko 30 meeter (98 ft). Ko ɓuuɓri baraas oo, e nder caka mum, ina jokkondiri e dame jeegom, ina jogii mbaawka ɓuuɓde ko ɓuri 13 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (460 000 cu ft/s).<ref name=":0" />
== Koolaaɗo kuuɓal ==
Laana ndiwoowa, to ŋoral baraas oo e saraaji ɓuuɓri ndii ina rokka ndiyam e laawol 10,8 meeter (35 ft) njaajeendi e 247 meeter (810 ft) njuuteendi tuuba ko noon kadi ina wayla ndiyam ɗam e nder penstocks tati. Kala heen ina waɗi 5,7 meeter (19 ft) njaajeendi, 60 meeter (200 ft) njuuteendi. Ndee feere ina rokka 62 meeteer (203 ft) hoore ndiyam e haa 450 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (16 000 cu ft/s) e turbineeji Francis.[4] Kala turbine ina jogii doole 80 megawatt (110 000 hp) ngam waawde huutoraade 240 megawatt (320 000 hp).[6]
== Batte mum ==
Baraas oo waɗii batte moƴƴe dow maayo ngoo, sibu ina rokka ndiyam ngam yarde e ɓuuɓnude. Yanti heen, nde wallitii ustude ilam e nder diiwaan Gharb sara maayo Ouergha e Sebou fotde 90%. Ina rokka ndiyam ngam waawde ustude ko ina tolnoo e 110 000 ektaar (270 000 ektaar).[3] Yiite peewnaaɗe e wertallo ndiyam baraas oo kadi ina usta ɓuuɓri 140 000 ton metrik (140 000 ton juutɗo; 150 000 ton juutɗo) e petroŋ fossil e hitaande wondude e huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande semmbe ɓurnde mawnude. Reservoir baraas oo noon ina jogii tolno siltation mawɗo, ina hiisa wonde ina waawi waasde 60 miliyoŋ meeteer kubik (2.1×109 cu ft) e hitaande kala. Silt gonɗo e nder weendu nduu kadi yettaaki e daande maayo ngo ɓeydata ɓuuɓde e saraaji maayo ngoo.[1]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Al Wahda''', ko adii fof ko baraas M'Jaara, ko baraas gonɗo e maayo Ouergha sara M ́Jaara e nder diiwaan Ouezzane, Maruk. Nde mahiraa ko ngam haɓaade ilam, ndiyam, jolngo ndiyam e peewnugol kuuraa ndiyam. Ko kañum woni baraas ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder worgo Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi Maruk.<ref>"Lake Al Wahda Morocco". Atlas of Our Changing Environment. 10 June 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2010.</ref> Nde siforii e jokkondiral geec leydi e nder nokkuuji daande maayo (LOICZ) wonde "baraas ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo teeŋtude e Afrik caggal baraas Aswan toowɗo."<ref>R. Arthurton; M. Le Tissier; M. Snoussi; J. Kitheka; Y. Shaghude; A. Kane; G. Flöser; H. Kremer (2008). "Global Change Assessment and Synthesis of River Catchment - Coastal Sea Interactions and Human Dimensions in Africa" (PDF). LOICZ. p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2010.</ref>
== Ɓawo ==
E hitaande 1988, Yiilirde Ndiyam e Kilimatiseer ƴeewtiima baraas oo, haa jooni ina wasiyee ngam ƴellitde ɗum.<ref>Boumehdi, Hadj Ahmed (December 9, 2007). "The management plan's Water Ouergha had a decisive contribution to the region" (in French). Maghress. Retrieved 17 October 2010</ref> Pewnugol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1991, baraas oo fuɗɗii sosde lowre mum ko e hitaande 1996, udditaa ñalnde 20 marse 1997, ko laamɗo Hassan II.<ref name=":0">Boumehdi, Ahmed (March 12, 2003). "Grands équipements : le barrage Al Wahda". Maghress. Archived from the original on 29 March 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2010.</ref> Ko ina tolnoo e 14 000 000 m3 (490 000 000 ft3) e kaɓirɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo ngoo.<ref>"Al Wahda M'Jaara Dam". Structurae. Retrieved 17 October 2010.</ref>
== Sifaaaji ==
Baraas oo ko sifaa ɓulli leydi peewnaaɗi e 28 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (990 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo) e kaɓirɗe e 720 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (25 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo) e beton. Ko 88 meeter (289 ft) toownde e nokku mum ɓurɗo toowde e feccere mawnde e baraas oo ko 1,600 meeter (5,200 ft) njuuteendi. To bannge worgo e saraaji ɓuuɓol ngol ina waɗi baraas saɗtuɗo, njuuteendi mum ko 1 000 meeter (3 300 ft) e tooweeki mum ko 30 meeter (98 ft). Ko ɓuuɓri baraas oo, e nder caka mum, ina jokkondiri e dame jeegom, ina jogii mbaawka ɓuuɓde ko ɓuri 13 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (460 000 cu ft/s).<ref name=":0" />
== Koolaaɗo kuuɓal ==
Laana ndiwoowa, to ŋoral baraas oo e saraaji ɓuuɓri ndii ina rokka ndiyam e laawol 10,8 meeter (35 ft) njaajeendi e 247 meeter (810 ft) njuuteendi tuuba ko noon kadi ina wayla ndiyam ɗam e nder penstocks tati. Kala heen ina waɗi 5,7 meeter (19 ft) njaajeendi, 60 meeter (200 ft) njuuteendi. Ndee feere ina rokka 62 meeteer (203 ft) hoore ndiyam e haa 450 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde (16 000 cu ft/s) e turbineeji Francis.[4] Kala turbine ina jogii doole 80 megawatt (110 000 hp) ngam waawde huutoraade 240 megawatt (320 000 hp).<ref>"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Morocco". IndustCards. Archived from the original on 18 July 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2010.</ref>
== Batte mum ==
Baraas oo waɗii batte moƴƴe dow maayo ngoo, sibu ina rokka ndiyam ngam yarde e ɓuuɓnude. Yanti heen, nde wallitii ustude ilam e nder diiwaan Gharb sara maayo Ouergha e Sebou fotde 90%. Ina rokka ndiyam ngam waawde ustude ko ina tolnoo e 110 000 ektaar (270 000 ektaar). Yiite peewnaaɗe e wertallo ndiyam baraas oo kadi ina usta ɓuuɓri 140 000 ton metrik (140 000 ton juutɗo; 150 000 ton juutɗo) e petroŋ fossil e hitaande wondude e huutoraade ɗaɓɓaande semmbe ɓurnde mawnude. Reservoir baraas oo noon ina jogii tolno siltation mawɗo, ina hiisa wonde ina waawi waasde 60 miliyoŋ meeteer kubik (2.1×109 cu ft) e hitaande kala. Silt gonɗo e nder weendu nduu kadi yettaaki e daande maayo ngo ɓeydata ɓuuɓde e saraaji maayo ngoo.<ref>"Lake Al Wahda Morocco". Atlas of Our Changing Environment. 10 June 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2010.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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Baraas Allal al Faasi
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Created page with "'''Baraas Allal al Fassi''' ko baraas ɓuuɓɗo, gonɗo kilooji 18 (11 mi) to fuɗnaange-rewo Sefrou e maayo Sebou to diiwaan Fès-Meknès to Maruk. Nde timminaama e hitaande 1991, nde rokkata ndiyam ngam ilnude e peewnugol semmbeeji ndiyam. Baraas oo inniraa ko Allal al-Fassi mawɗo Maroknaajo.<ref>"Allal al Fassi" (in French). Secretariat D'etat Charge de L'eau et de L'environnement. Archived from the original on 2011-10-09. Retrieved 23 August 2011.</ref> == Stasiyo..."
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'''Baraas Allal al Fassi''' ko baraas ɓuuɓɗo, gonɗo kilooji 18 (11 mi) to fuɗnaange-rewo Sefrou e maayo Sebou to diiwaan Fès-Meknès to Maruk. Nde timminaama e hitaande 1991, nde rokkata ndiyam ngam ilnude e peewnugol semmbeeji ndiyam. Baraas oo inniraa ko Allal al-Fassi mawɗo Maroknaajo.<ref>"Allal al Fassi" (in French). Secretariat D'etat Charge de L'eau et de L'environnement. Archived from the original on 2011-10-09. Retrieved 23 August 2011.</ref>
== Stasiyoŋ kuuraa ==
Ko ɗoon nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam woni ɗoo, ko kilooji 18 (11 mi) to fuɗnaange, e daande maayo Idriss I, to bannge worgo. Ndiyam ina yettoo e wertallo ngoo caggal nde baraas Allal al Fassi ƴetti ɗum rewrude e ɓuuɓri to bannge ñaamo weendu nduu. Nde rewata ko e ŋoral njuuteendi 15,45 kiloomeeteer (9,60 mi) hade mayre yettaade ŋoral compugol. Gila e weendu nduu, ndiyam neldatee ko e tuubaaji, haa caggal mum penstocks haa 3 x 80 megawatt (110 000 hp) turbineeji-jeneraaluuji Francis. So ndiyam ɗam huutoraama ngam ƴellitde semmbe, ɗam yaltinee e nder weeyo Idriss I. Fotde 300 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (240 000 ektaar⋅ft) ndiyam ina rewa e werlaaji ɗii hitaande kala. Koolol ngol fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1994, ina soomi 220 gigawatt-hoore (790 TJ) e nder hitaande kala.<ref>"Allal al Fassi" (in French). Secretariat D'etat Charge de L'eau et de L'environnement. Archived from the original on 2011-10-09. Retrieved 23 August 2011.</ref>
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{{Databox}}
'''Baraas Allal al Fassi''' ko baraas ɓuuɓɗo, gonɗo kilooji 18 (11 mi) to fuɗnaange-rewo Sefrou e maayo Sebou to diiwaan Fès-Meknès to Maruk. Nde timminaama e hitaande 1991, nde rokkata ndiyam ngam ilnude e peewnugol semmbeeji ndiyam. Baraas oo inniraa ko Allal al-Fassi mawɗo Maroknaajo.<ref>"Allal al Fassi" (in French). Secretariat D'etat Charge de L'eau et de L'environnement. Archived from the original on 2011-10-09. Retrieved 23 August 2011.</ref>
== Stasiyoŋ kuuraa ==
Ko ɗoon nokku ɗo kuuraa ndiyam woni ɗoo, ko kilooji 18 (11 mi) to fuɗnaange, e daande maayo Idriss I, to bannge worgo. Ndiyam ina yettoo e wertallo ngoo caggal nde baraas Allal al Fassi ƴetti ɗum rewrude e ɓuuɓri to bannge ñaamo weendu nduu. Nde rewata ko e ŋoral njuuteendi 15,45 kiloomeeteer (9,60 mi) hade mayre yettaade ŋoral compugol. Gila e weendu nduu, ndiyam neldatee ko e tuubaaji, haa caggal mum penstocks haa 3 x 80 megawatt (110 000 hp) turbineeji-jeneraaluuji Francis. So ndiyam ɗam huutoraama ngam ƴellitde semmbe, ɗam yaltinee e nder weeyo Idriss I. Fotde 300 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (240 000 ektaar⋅ft) ndiyam ina rewa e werlaaji ɗii hitaande kala. Koolol ngol fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 1994, ina soomi 220 gigawatt-hoore (790 TJ) e nder hitaande kala.<ref>"Allal al Fassi" (in French). Secretariat D'etat Charge de L'eau et de L'environnement. Archived from the original on 2011-10-09. Retrieved 23 August 2011.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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Baraas Bin el Ouidaan
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Created page with "'''Baraas Bin el Ouidane''' ko baraas arc, woni ko 28 kiloomeeteer (17 mi) to fuɗnaange Beni Mellal to maayo El-Abid to diiwaan Azilal, Maruk. Ko Coyne et Bellier feewni ɗum, mahi ɗum hakkunde 1949 e 1953, faandaare baraas oo ko peewnugol semmbe e ndiyam e ndiyam. Ko ina tolnoo e 135 MW (181 000 hp) e nder wertallo mayre ina sooda fotde 287 gigawatt-hoore (1 030 TJ) hitaande kala e ndiyam ummoraade e lowre ndee ina wallita e ndiyam 69 500 ektaar (172 000 ektaar) e nde..."
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'''Baraas Bin el Ouidane''' ko baraas arc, woni ko 28 kiloomeeteer (17 mi) to fuɗnaange Beni Mellal to maayo El-Abid to diiwaan Azilal, Maruk. Ko Coyne et Bellier feewni ɗum, mahi ɗum hakkunde 1949 e 1953, faandaare baraas oo ko peewnugol semmbe e ndiyam e ndiyam. Ko ina tolnoo e 135 MW (181 000 hp) e nder wertallo mayre ina sooda fotde 287 gigawatt-hoore (1 030 TJ) hitaande kala e ndiyam ummoraade e lowre ndee ina wallita e ndiyam 69 500 ektaar (172 000 ektaar) e nder nokkuuji Beni Moussa e Ta.<ref>"Bin el Ouidane" (in French). Secretariat D'etat Charge de L'eau et de L'environnement. Archived from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2011.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
datzrm9zmr66rz82s9fvnau2warqiq7
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{{Databox}}
'''Baraas Bin el Ouidane''' ko baraas arc, woni ko 28 kiloomeeteer (17 mi) to fuɗnaange Beni Mellal to maayo El-Abid to diiwaan Azilal, Maruk. Ko Coyne et Bellier feewni ɗum, mahi ɗum hakkunde 1949 e 1953, faandaare baraas oo ko peewnugol semmbe e ndiyam e ndiyam. Ko ina tolnoo e 135 MW (181 000 hp) e nder wertallo mayre ina sooda fotde 287 gigawatt-hoore (1 030 TJ) hitaande kala e ndiyam ummoraade e lowre ndee ina wallita e ndiyam 69 500 ektaar (172 000 ektaar) e nder nokkuuji Beni Moussa e Ta.<ref>"Bin el Ouidane" (in French). Secretariat D'etat Charge de L'eau et de L'environnement. Archived from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2011.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
92jdejgxrw19fdh3wpeuinhyuougqfi
Dan Marouelli
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Created page with "Dan Marouelli (jibinaa ko ñalnde 16 sulyee 1955, to Edmonton, Alberta) ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo Ligue Nationale de Hockey, ɓoorniiɗo wutte limto 6 gila e sahaa NHL 1994–95 haa nde o woppi golle. Kugal Golle Marouelli e NHL puɗɗii ko ñalnde 2 noowammbar 1984, o ɓoornii ko kaski nde o woni ñaawoowo pijirlooji NHL puɗɗiiɗi e sahaa NHL 1996–97. Ñalnde 29 noowammbar 2008, o ardii pottital makko 1 500ɓal hakkunde Toronto Maple Leafs e Philadelphia Flyers. Ñal..."
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Dan Marouelli (jibinaa ko ñalnde 16 sulyee 1955, to Edmonton, Alberta) ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo Ligue Nationale de Hockey, ɓoorniiɗo wutte limto 6 gila e sahaa NHL 1994–95 haa nde o woppi golle.
Kugal
Golle Marouelli e NHL puɗɗii ko ñalnde 2 noowammbar 1984, o ɓoornii ko kaski nde o woni ñaawoowo pijirlooji NHL puɗɗiiɗi e sahaa NHL 1996–97.
Ñalnde 29 noowammbar 2008, o ardii pottital makko 1 500ɓal hakkunde Toronto Maple Leafs e Philadelphia Flyers. Ñalnde 10 abriil 2010, o ardii pottital makko gadanal e nder NHL, hakkunde Toronto Maple Leafs e Montreal Canadiens. E joofnirde pottital ngal, kippuuji ɗiɗi ɗii fof kollitii weltaare mum en e nguurndam makko juutɗam, e ɓuuɓnude junngo makko. E nder heen, o ardii 1 622 pottital e nder yontere wootere e 187 pottital e nder yontere.
E lewru ut 2010, Marouelli siifondirii e fedde wiyeteende « balloowo coftal ɓalli » e fedde wiyeteende Penetang Kings, fedde hockey hakkundeere Ontario.
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g49fnvclf23yn2t5ah4es1lnm8f7nfl
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{{Databox}}Dan Marouelli (jibinaa ko ñalnde 16 sulyee 1955, to Edmonton, Alberta) ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo Ligue Nationale de Hockey, ɓoorniiɗo wutte limto 6 gila e sahaa NHL 1994–95 haa nde o woppi golle.
Kugal
Golle Marouelli e NHL puɗɗii ko ñalnde 2 noowammbar 1984, o ɓoornii ko kaski nde o woni ñaawoowo pijirlooji NHL puɗɗiiɗi e sahaa NHL 1996–97.
Ñalnde 29 noowammbar 2008, o ardii pottital makko 1 500ɓal hakkunde Toronto Maple Leafs e Philadelphia Flyers. Ñalnde 10 abriil 2010, o ardii pottital makko gadanal e nder NHL, hakkunde Toronto Maple Leafs e Montreal Canadiens. E joofnirde pottital ngal, kippuuji ɗiɗi ɗii fof kollitii weltaare mum en e nguurndam makko juutɗam, e ɓuuɓnude junngo makko. E nder heen, o ardii 1 622 pottital e nder yontere wootere e 187 pottital e nder yontere.
E lewru ut 2010, Marouelli siifondirii e fedde wiyeteende « balloowo coftal ɓalli » e fedde wiyeteende Penetang Kings, fedde hockey hakkundeere Ontario.
Tuugnorgal
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{{Databox}}'''Dan Marouelli''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 16 sulyee 1955, to Edmonton, Alberta) ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo Ligue Nationale de Hockey, ɓoorniiɗo wutte limto 6 gila e sahaa NHL 1994–95 haa nde o woppi golle.
== Kugal ==
Golle Marouelli e NHL puɗɗii ko ñalnde 2 noowammbar 1984, o ɓoornii ko kaski nde o woni ñaawoowo pijirlooji NHL puɗɗiiɗi e sahaa NHL 1996–97.
Ñalnde 29 noowammbar 2008, o ardii pottital makko 1 500ɓal hakkunde Toronto Maple Leafs e Philadelphia Flyers. Ñalnde 10 abriil 2010, o ardii pottital makko gadanal e nder NHL, hakkunde Toronto Maple Leafs e Montreal Canadiens. E joofnirde pottital ngal, kippuuji ɗiɗi ɗii fof kollitii weltaare mum en e nguurndam makko juutɗam, e ɓuuɓnude junngo makko. E nder heen, o ardii 1 622 pottital e nder yontere wootere e 187 pottital e nder yontere.
E lewru ut 2010, Marouelli siifondirii e fedde wiyeteende « balloowo coftal ɓalli » e fedde wiyeteende Penetang Kings, fedde hockey hakkundeere Ontario.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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{{Databox}}'''Dan Marouelli''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 16 sulyee 1955, to Edmonton, Alberta) ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo Ligue Nationale de Hockey, ɓoorniiɗo wutte limto 6 gila e sahaa NHL 1994–95 haa nde o woppi golle.<ref name="simcoe">{{cite web|title=Referee hangs up his stripes|url=https://www.simcoe.com/community-story/2034129-referee-hangs-up-his-stripes/|website=simcoe.com|accessdate=September 7, 2020|date=April 15, 2010}}</ref>
== Kugal ==
Golle Marouelli e NHL puɗɗii ko ñalnde 2 noowammbar 1984, o ɓoornii ko kaski nde o woni ñaawoowo pijirlooji NHL puɗɗiiɗi e sahaa NHL 1996–97.
Ñalnde 29 noowammbar 2008, o ardii pottital makko 1 500ɓal hakkunde Toronto Maple Leafs e Philadelphia Flyers. Ñalnde 10 abriil 2010, o ardii pottital makko gadanal e nder NHL, hakkunde Toronto Maple Leafs e Montreal Canadiens. E joofnirde pottital ngal, kippuuji ɗiɗi ɗii fof kollitii weltaare mum en e nguurndam makko juutɗam, e ɓuuɓnude junngo makko. E nder heen, o ardii 1 622 pottital e nder yontere wootere e 187 pottital e nder yontere.
E lewru ut 2010, Marouelli siifondirii e fedde wiyeteende « balloowo coftal ɓalli » e fedde wiyeteende Penetang Kings, fedde hockey hakkundeere Ontario.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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{{Databox}}'''Dan Marouelli''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 16 sulyee 1955, to Edmonton, Alberta) ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo Ligue Nationale de Hockey, ɓoorniiɗo wutte limto 6 gila e sahaa NHL 1994–95 haa nde o woppi golle.<ref name="simcoe">{{cite web|title=Referee hangs up his stripes|url=https://www.simcoe.com/community-story/2034129-referee-hangs-up-his-stripes/|website=simcoe.com|accessdate=September 7, 2020|date=April 15, 2010}}</ref>
== Kugal ==
Golle Marouelli e NHL puɗɗii ko ñalnde 2 noowammbar 1984, o ɓoornii ko kaski nde o woni ñaawoowo pijirlooji NHL puɗɗiiɗi e sahaa NHL 1996–97.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leafs top Flyers to stop skid, win in front of new GM Burke|url=https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/_/gameId/281129021|website=ESPN.com|accessdate=September 7, 2020|date=November 30, 2008}}{{dead link|date=July 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>.<ref name="simcoe2" />
Ñalnde 29 noowammbar 2008, o ardii pottital makko 1 500ɓal hakkunde Toronto Maple Leafs e Philadelphia Flyers. Ñalnde 10 abriil 2010, o ardii pottital makko gadanal e nder NHL, hakkunde Toronto Maple Leafs e Montreal Canadiens. E joofnirde pottital ngal, kippuuji ɗiɗi ɗii fof kollitii weltaare mum en e nguurndam makko juutɗam, e ɓuuɓnude junngo makko. E nder heen, o ardii 1 622 pottital e nder yontere wootere e 187 pottital e nder yontere.
E lewru ut 2010, Marouelli siifondirii e fedde wiyeteende « balloowo coftal ɓalli » e fedde wiyeteende Penetang Kings, fedde hockey hakkundeere Ontario.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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{{Databox}}'''Dan Marouelli''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 16 sulyee 1955, to Edmonton, Alberta) ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo Ligue Nationale de Hockey, ɓoorniiɗo wutte limto 6 gila e sahaa NHL 1994–95 haa nde o woppi golle.<ref name="simcoe">{{cite web|title=Referee hangs up his stripes|url=https://www.simcoe.com/community-story/2034129-referee-hangs-up-his-stripes/|website=simcoe.com|accessdate=September 7, 2020|date=April 15, 2010}}</ref>
== Kugal ==
Golle Marouelli e NHL puɗɗii ko ñalnde 2 noowammbar 1984, o ɓoornii ko kaski nde o woni ñaawoowo pijirlooji NHL puɗɗiiɗi e sahaa NHL 1996–97.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leafs top Flyers to stop skid, win in front of new GM Burke|url=https://www.espn.com/nhl/recap/_/gameId/281129021|website=ESPN.com|accessdate=September 7, 2020|date=November 30, 2008}}{{dead link|date=July 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>.<ref name="simcoe2" />
Ñalnde 29 noowammbar 2008, o ardii pottital makko 1 500ɓal hakkunde Toronto Maple Leafs e Philadelphia Flyers. Ñalnde 10 abriil 2010, o ardii pottital makko gadanal e nder NHL, hakkunde Toronto Maple Leafs e Montreal Canadiens. E joofnirde pottital ngal, kippuuji ɗiɗi ɗii fof kollitii weltaare mum en e nguurndam makko juutɗam, e ɓuuɓnude junngo makko. E nder heen, o ardii 1 622 pottital e nder yontere wootere e 187 pottital e nder yontere.<ref>{{cite web|title=Marouelli on the bench|url=https://www.simcoe.com/news-story/2020256-marouelli-on-the-bench/|website=simcoe.com|accessdate=September 7, 2020|date=September 7, 2010}}</ref>
E lewru ut 2010, Marouelli siifondirii e fedde wiyeteende « balloowo coftal ɓalli » e fedde wiyeteende Penetang Kings, fedde hockey hakkundeere Ontario.
== Tuugnorgal ==
cqdnj678xwfi6luwkba186cn6brfra2
Maayo Idriis I
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Created page with "'''Baraas Idriss I''', anndiraaɗo kadi baraas Idriss gadano, ko baraas gravité e dow maayo Inaouen, ɓuuɓol maayo Sebou. Baraas oo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Gharb, ina woni e 27 kiloomeeteer (17 mi) to fuɗnaange-rewo Fes e nder diiwaan Taza e Taounate, to leydi Maruk. Baraas oo ina huutoree ngam rokkude ndiyam 72 300 ektaar (179 000 ektaar) leydi e wertallo mum ina soomi 66 GWh kuuraa hitaande kala. Nde inniraa ko Idriis I.<ref>"Idriss I" (in French). Secretariat D'..."
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'''Baraas Idriss I''', anndiraaɗo kadi baraas Idriss gadano, ko baraas gravité e dow maayo Inaouen, ɓuuɓol maayo Sebou. Baraas oo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Gharb, ina woni e 27 kiloomeeteer (17 mi) to fuɗnaange-rewo Fes e nder diiwaan Taza e Taounate, to leydi Maruk. Baraas oo ina huutoree ngam rokkude ndiyam 72 300 ektaar (179 000 ektaar) leydi e wertallo mum ina soomi 66 GWh kuuraa hitaande kala. Nde inniraa ko Idriis I.<ref>"Idriss I" (in French). Secretariat D'etat Charge de L'eau et de L'environnement. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2011.</ref> Nde fotnoo ko ƴattaade nde tawnoo nde waawaano yettinde ndiyam e limoore ektaaruuji ɗi nde fotnoo waɗde, nde haɗi kadi huutoraade ndiyam e huutortooɓe ndema e hoɗorde taariindi leslesre.<ref>Findlay 1994</ref>
== Geɗe taariindi ==
Heewɓe e mborosaaji ndiyam ina naata e maayo Sebou e ŋoral mum, teeŋti noon e mborosaaji e mborosaaji ummoriiɗi e ndiyam ndema e mborosaaji ɗi laaɓaani ummoriiɗi e gure sara maayo ngoo.<ref>Michele L. Thieme. 2005</ref> E nder nokkuuji toowɗi ndiyam nder Atlas hakkundeejo ko nokkuuji ko adii taariindi (primate) biyeteeɗo Barbary macaque, ko daabaaji ko adii taariindi ina njoginoo nokkuuji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo.<ref>C. Michael Hogan. 2008</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
qvoxb2i74c7ja84b9nuft8lr2to3qa5
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{{Databox}}
'''Baraas Idriss I''', anndiraaɗo kadi baraas Idriss gadano, ko baraas gravité e dow maayo Inaouen, ɓuuɓol maayo Sebou. Baraas oo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Gharb, ina woni e 27 kiloomeeteer (17 mi) to fuɗnaange-rewo Fes e nder diiwaan Taza e Taounate, to leydi Maruk. Baraas oo ina huutoree ngam rokkude ndiyam 72 300 ektaar (179 000 ektaar) leydi e wertallo mum ina soomi 66 GWh kuuraa hitaande kala. Nde inniraa ko Idriis I.<ref>"Idriss I" (in French). Secretariat D'etat Charge de L'eau et de L'environnement. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2011.</ref> Nde fotnoo ko ƴattaade nde tawnoo nde waawaano yettinde ndiyam e limoore ektaaruuji ɗi nde fotnoo waɗde, nde haɗi kadi huutoraade ndiyam e huutortooɓe ndema e hoɗorde taariindi leslesre.<ref>Findlay 1994</ref>
== Geɗe taariindi ==
Heewɓe e mborosaaji ndiyam ina naata e maayo Sebou e ŋoral mum, teeŋti noon e mborosaaji e mborosaaji ummoriiɗi e ndiyam ndema e mborosaaji ɗi laaɓaani ummoriiɗi e gure sara maayo ngoo.<ref>Michele L. Thieme. 2005</ref> E nder nokkuuji toowɗi ndiyam nder Atlas hakkundeejo ko nokkuuji ko adii taariindi (primate) biyeteeɗo Barbary macaque, ko daabaaji ko adii taariindi ina njoginoo nokkuuji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo.<ref>C. Michael Hogan. 2008</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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Greg Meyer (American football official)
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Greg Meyer ko gardiiɗo fuku koyɗe Ameriknaajo e nder fedde fuku koyɗe ngenndiire (NFL) gila e hitaande 2002 NFL. O ɓoornii ko uniforme limoore 78. O heɓi dipolomaaji makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Texas Christian, o fuɗɗii golle makko e hitaande 1995 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, tawi ko famɗi fof ko pijirlooji tati ceertuɗi e bowl. Duuɓi jeeɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, o naati e gollordu ardorde NFL, o woni ñaawoowo ladde, e hitaande rewtunde ndee, o wonti ñaawoowo bannge, o woni e oon nokku haa hitaande 2016, nde o wonti ñaawoowo caggal. O ardii pijirlooji seeɗa caggal nde NFL waɗi, ina jeyaa heen Super Bowl XLIV to Miami e Kaawisaaji Minneapolis.
Meyer, jooɗiiɗo to wuro wiyeteengo Fort Worth, to Texas, ina jogii debbo biyeteeɗo Debby, ɓiɗɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Morgan e ɓiɗɗo gorko biyeteeɗo Reid. Yaasi NFL, Meyer ko banke.
Wonande daawal NFL 2017, Meyer maa gollo e fedde toppitiinde golle e gardagol Bill Vinovich.
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pp5m7hwp0rflhk7ecp0tp9t4lwp144x
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Greg Meyer ko gardiiɗo fuku koyɗe Ameriknaajo e nder fedde fuku koyɗe ngenndiire (NFL) gila e hitaande 2002 NFL. O ɓoornii ko uniforme limoore 78. O heɓi dipolomaaji makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Texas Christian, o fuɗɗii golle makko e hitaande 1995 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, tawi ko famɗi fof ko pijirlooji tati ceertuɗi e bowl. Duuɓi jeeɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, o naati e gollordu ardorde NFL, o woni ñaawoowo ladde, e hitaande rewtunde ndee, o wonti ñaawoowo bannge, o woni e oon nokku haa hitaande 2016, nde o wonti ñaawoowo caggal. O ardii pijirlooji seeɗa caggal nde NFL waɗi, ina jeyaa heen Super Bowl XLIV to Miami e Kaawisaaji Minneapolis.
Meyer, jooɗiiɗo to wuro wiyeteengo Fort Worth, to Texas, ina jogii debbo biyeteeɗo Debby, ɓiɗɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Morgan e ɓiɗɗo gorko biyeteeɗo Reid. Yaasi NFL, Meyer ko banke.
Wonande daawal NFL 2017, Meyer maa gollo e fedde toppitiinde golle e gardagol Bill Vinovich.
Tuugnorgal
ikhmj22ah69h9fo4stgqdjc08lo44y0
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'''Greg Meyer''' ko gardiiɗo fuku koyɗe Ameriknaajo e nder fedde fuku koyɗe ngenndiire (NFL) gila e hitaande 2002 NFL. O ɓoornii ko uniforme limoore 78. O heɓi dipolomaaji makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Texas Christian, o fuɗɗii golle makko e hitaande 1995 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, tawi ko famɗi fof ko pijirlooji tati ceertuɗi e bowl. Duuɓi jeeɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, o naati e gollordu ardorde NFL, o woni ñaawoowo ladde, e hitaande rewtunde ndee, o wonti ñaawoowo bannge, o woni e oon nokku haa hitaande 2016, nde o wonti ñaawoowo caggal. O ardii pijirlooji seeɗa caggal nde NFL waɗi, ina jeyaa heen Super Bowl XLIV to Miami e Kaawisaaji Minneapolis.
Meyer, jooɗiiɗo to wuro wiyeteengo Fort Worth, to Texas, ina jogii debbo biyeteeɗo Debby, ɓiɗɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Morgan e ɓiɗɗo gorko biyeteeɗo Reid. Yaasi NFL, Meyer ko banke.
Wonande daawal NFL 2017, Meyer maa gollo e fedde toppitiinde golle e gardagol Bill Vinovich.
== Tuugnorgal ==
o38n594jg5t8xkmx6qhokglm1tfrqdw
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{{Databox}}
'''Greg Meyer''' ko gardiiɗo fuku koyɗe Ameriknaajo e nder fedde fuku koyɗe ngenndiire (NFL) gila e hitaande 2002 NFL. O ɓoornii ko uniforme limoore 78. O heɓi dipolomaaji makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Texas Christian, o fuɗɗii golle makko e hitaande 1995 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, tawi ko famɗi fof ko pijirlooji tati ceertuɗi e bowl. Duuɓi jeeɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, o naati e gollordu ardorde NFL, o woni ñaawoowo ladde, e hitaande rewtunde ndee, o wonti ñaawoowo bannge, o woni e oon nokku haa hitaande 2016, nde o wonti ñaawoowo caggal. O ardii pijirlooji seeɗa caggal nde NFL waɗi, ina jeyaa heen Super Bowl XLIV to Miami e Kaawisaaji Minneapolis.<ref>Rick Waters, [http://www.magazine.tcu.edu/TCUPeople/Article.aspx?ArticleId=91 "Greg Meyer '81 refs in Super Bowl: Former TCU pitcher has officiated NFL games as side judge since 2002 season."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610094637/http://www.magazine.tcu.edu/TCUPeople/Article.aspx?ArticleId=91|date=June 10, 2010}} ''The TCU Magazine'', February 24, 2010.</ref>
Meyer, jooɗiiɗo to wuro wiyeteengo Fort Worth, to Texas, ina jogii debbo biyeteeɗo Debby, ɓiɗɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Morgan e ɓiɗɗo gorko biyeteeɗo Reid. Yaasi NFL, Meyer ko banke.
Wonande daawal NFL 2017, Meyer maa gollo e fedde toppitiinde golle e gardagol Bill Vinovich.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Greg Meyer''' ko gardiiɗo fuku koyɗe Ameriknaajo e nder fedde fuku koyɗe ngenndiire (NFL) gila e hitaande 2002 NFL. O ɓoornii ko uniforme limoore 78. O heɓi dipolomaaji makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Texas Christian, o fuɗɗii golle makko e hitaande 1995 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, tawi ko famɗi fof ko pijirlooji tati ceertuɗi e bowl. Duuɓi jeeɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, o naati e gollordu ardorde NFL, o woni ñaawoowo ladde, e hitaande rewtunde ndee, o wonti ñaawoowo bannge, o woni e oon nokku haa hitaande 2016, nde o wonti ñaawoowo caggal. O ardii pijirlooji seeɗa caggal nde NFL waɗi, ina jeyaa heen Super Bowl XLIV to Miami e Kaawisaaji Minneapolis.<ref>Rick Waters, [http://www.magazine.tcu.edu/TCUPeople/Article.aspx?ArticleId=91 "Greg Meyer '81 refs in Super Bowl: Former TCU pitcher has officiated NFL games as side judge since 2002 season."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610094637/http://www.magazine.tcu.edu/TCUPeople/Article.aspx?ArticleId=91|date=June 10, 2010}} ''The TCU Magazine'', February 24, 2010.</ref>
Meyer, jooɗiiɗo to wuro wiyeteengo Fort Worth, to Texas, ina jogii debbo biyeteeɗo Debby, ɓiɗɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Morgan e ɓiɗɗo gorko biyeteeɗo Reid. Yaasi NFL, Meyer ko banke.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Official NFL Record and Fact Book 2010|author=NFL|date=July 27, 2010|isbn=978-1603208338}}</ref>
Wonande daawal NFL 2017, Meyer maa gollo e fedde toppitiinde golle e gardagol Bill Vinovich.
== Tuugnorgal ==
fi29tzfh8hauuhfukw8y12urw4y7dbx
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Ilya Discuss
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{{Databox}}
'''Greg Meyer''' ko gardiiɗo fuku koyɗe Ameriknaajo e nder fedde fuku koyɗe ngenndiire (NFL) gila e hitaande 2002 NFL. O ɓoornii ko uniforme limoore 78. O heɓi dipolomaaji makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Texas Christian, o fuɗɗii golle makko e hitaande 1995 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, tawi ko famɗi fof ko pijirlooji tati ceertuɗi e bowl. Duuɓi jeeɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, o naati e gollordu ardorde NFL, o woni ñaawoowo ladde, e hitaande rewtunde ndee, o wonti ñaawoowo bannge, o woni e oon nokku haa hitaande 2016, nde o wonti ñaawoowo caggal. O ardii pijirlooji seeɗa caggal nde NFL waɗi, ina jeyaa heen Super Bowl XLIV to Miami e Kaawisaaji Minneapolis.<ref>Rick Waters, [http://www.magazine.tcu.edu/TCUPeople/Article.aspx?ArticleId=91 "Greg Meyer '81 refs in Super Bowl: Former TCU pitcher has officiated NFL games as side judge since 2002 season."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610094637/http://www.magazine.tcu.edu/TCUPeople/Article.aspx?ArticleId=91|date=June 10, 2010}} ''The TCU Magazine'', February 24, 2010.</ref>
Meyer, jooɗiiɗo to wuro wiyeteengo Fort Worth, to Texas, ina jogii debbo biyeteeɗo Debby, ɓiɗɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Morgan e ɓiɗɗo gorko biyeteeɗo Reid. Yaasi NFL, Meyer ko banke.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Official NFL Record and Fact Book 2010|author=NFL|date=July 27, 2010|isbn=978-1603208338}}</ref>
Wonande daawal NFL 2017, Meyer maa gollo e fedde toppitiinde golle e gardagol Bill Vinovich.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 13, 2017|title=Officiating crews for the 2017 season|url=https://www.footballzebras.com/2017/06/officiating-crews-2017-season/|access-date=February 17, 2024|website=Football Zebras|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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{{Databox}}
'''Greg Meyer''' ko gardiiɗo fuku koyɗe Ameriknaajo e nder fedde fuku koyɗe ngenndiire (NFL) gila e hitaande 2002 NFL. O ɓoornii ko uniforme limoore 78. O heɓi dipolomaaji makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Texas Christian, o fuɗɗii golle makko e hitaande 1995 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, tawi ko famɗi fof ko pijirlooji tati ceertuɗi e bowl. Duuɓi jeeɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, o naati e gollordu ardorde NFL, o woni ñaawoowo ladde, e hitaande rewtunde ndee, o wonti ñaawoowo bannge, o woni e oon nokku haa hitaande 2016, nde o wonti ñaawoowo caggal. O ardii pijirlooji seeɗa caggal nde NFL waɗi, ina jeyaa heen Super Bowl XLIV to Miami e Kaawisaaji Minneapolis.<ref>Rick Waters, [http://www.magazine.tcu.edu/TCUPeople/Article.aspx?ArticleId=91 "Greg Meyer '81 refs in Super Bowl: Former TCU pitcher has officiated NFL games as side judge since 2002 season."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610094637/http://www.magazine.tcu.edu/TCUPeople/Article.aspx?ArticleId=91|date=June 10, 2010}} ''The TCU Magazine'', February 24, 2010.</ref>
Meyer, jooɗiiɗo to wuro wiyeteengo Fort Worth, to Texas, ina jogii debbo biyeteeɗo Debby, ɓiɗɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Morgan e ɓiɗɗo gorko biyeteeɗo Reid. Yaasi NFL, Meyer ko banke.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Official NFL Record and Fact Book 2010|author=NFL|date=July 27, 2010|isbn=978-1603208338}}</ref>
Wonande daawal NFL 2017, Meyer maa gollo e fedde toppitiinde golle e gardagol Bill Vinovich.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 13, 2017|title=Officiating crews for the 2017 season|url=https://www.footballzebras.com/2017/06/officiating-crews-2017-season/|access-date=February 17, 2024|website=Football Zebras|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Himobe==
l0q9ooxsn5if4ojicckoy2kgkequlfk
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{{Databox}}
'''Greg Meyer''' ko gardiiɗo fuku koyɗe Ameriknaajo e nder fedde fuku koyɗe ngenndiire (NFL) gila e hitaande 2002 NFL. O ɓoornii ko uniforme limoore 78. O heɓi dipolomaaji makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Texas Christian, o fuɗɗii golle makko e hitaande 1995 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, tawi ko famɗi fof ko pijirlooji tati ceertuɗi e bowl. Duuɓi jeeɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, o naati e gollordu ardorde NFL, o woni ñaawoowo ladde, e hitaande rewtunde ndee, o wonti ñaawoowo bannge, o woni e oon nokku haa hitaande 2016, nde o wonti ñaawoowo caggal. O ardii pijirlooji seeɗa caggal nde NFL waɗi, ina jeyaa heen Super Bowl XLIV to Miami e Kaawisaaji Minneapolis.<ref>Rick Waters, [http://www.magazine.tcu.edu/TCUPeople/Article.aspx?ArticleId=91 "Greg Meyer '81 refs in Super Bowl: Former TCU pitcher has officiated NFL games as side judge since 2002 season."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610094637/http://www.magazine.tcu.edu/TCUPeople/Article.aspx?ArticleId=91|date=June 10, 2010}} ''The TCU Magazine'', February 24, 2010.</ref> Meyer, jooɗiiɗo to wuro wiyeteengo Fort Worth, to Texas, ina jogii debbo biyeteeɗo Debby, ɓiɗɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Morgan e ɓiɗɗo gorko biyeteeɗo Reid. Yaasi NFL, Meyer ko banke.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Official NFL Record and Fact Book 2010|author=NFL|date=July 27, 2010|isbn=978-1603208338}}</ref> Wonande daawal NFL 2017, Meyer maa gollo e fedde toppitiinde golle e gardagol Bill Vinovich.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 13, 2017|title=Officiating crews for the 2017 season|url=https://www.footballzebras.com/2017/06/officiating-crews-2017-season/|access-date=February 17, 2024|website=Football Zebras|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Himobe==
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Created page with "'''EL Kansera''' ko baraas mooftirɗo ndiyam to leydi Maruk. == Wakere == El Kansera woni baraas ɓurɗo ɓooyde e nder leydi Maruk ngam mooftude ndiyam. Nde woni ko to fuɗnaange-rewo wuro Meknes, fotde kiloomeeteeruuji 20 (12 mi) to fuɗnaange Siidi Slimane, dow maayo Dar bel Amri. Baraas oo ina fadi maayo Oued Beht (walla Beth), woni maayo mawngo cakkitiingo e maayo Sebou hade mum yaltude. Kosam ɗam ina jogii 4 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (1 700 miil kaaree). Kiliima oo..."
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'''EL Kansera''' ko baraas mooftirɗo ndiyam to leydi Maruk.
== Wakere ==
El Kansera woni baraas ɓurɗo ɓooyde e nder leydi Maruk ngam mooftude ndiyam. Nde woni ko to fuɗnaange-rewo wuro Meknes, fotde kiloomeeteeruuji 20 (12 mi) to fuɗnaange Siidi Slimane, dow maayo Dar bel Amri. Baraas oo ina fadi maayo Oued Beht (walla Beth), woni maayo mawngo cakkitiingo e maayo Sebou hade mum yaltude. Kosam ɗam ina jogii 4 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (1 700 miil kaaree). Kiliima oo ina ɓuuɓi, toɓooli keewɗi ina tolnoo e 620 milimeeteer (24 in).[3]
Nokku ɗo baraas oo woni ɗoo ko ŋoral luggiɗngal, ɓuuɓngal, ngal Beth taƴi e nder kaaƴe dime keeriije e dow leydi les. Ilamji ndunngu Beth waɗiino merdjas mawɗe e dow daande maayo Sebou, ko ɗum huunde moƴƴere ngam remde so ndiyam ndiyam ina woodi.[4]
== Mahugo ==
E fuɗɗoode, njuɓɓudi ndema koloñaal e golle laamu ina luulndii mahngo ndeeɗoo baraas e baraaji goɗɗi, kono koɗdiiɗo mawɗo oo, e gardagol Gaston Lebault, ndartini eɓɓaande ndee yeeso. Nde guwerneer mawɗo biyeteeɗo Théodore Steeg ari e hitaande 1925, ganndiraaɗo "guwerneer ndiyam", yahdu nduu ɓeydii yaawde.[5] El Kansera mahiraa ko hakkunde 1927 e 1935.[3] E hitaande 1928 laamu Steeg sosi nokku keso koloñaal (« périmètre ») gonɗo hakkunde Petitjean e Siidi Slimane. Leydi ndii ƴettaa ko e Cherarda en, ɓe ngartiraa ko e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko ɓuri heewde. Perimeter keso oo, ko ɗo ndiyam ummortooɗam e baraas oo waawi huutoreede e nder ndiyam.[6]
Golle mahngo mawɗe ɗee mbaɗaama hakkunde 1931 e 1934.[7] Ko Société Générale d’Enterprises, sosiyatee Farayse mahi baraas oo.[8] Ko François de Pierrefeu woni gardiiɗo golle ɗee.[9] Henri Prost (1874-1959) woni mahoowo lowre ndee, nde timmini golle mum e hitaande 1934.[10] Toowgol baraas oo ina waɗi meeteeruuji 51 (167 ft), ina waawi mooftude 225 000 000 meeteer kubik (7,9×109 cu ft). Maa ɗum haɓo e ilam Beht, maa ɗum ilnu 30 000 ektaar (74 000 ektaar) leydi ɓuuɓndi e nder weendu Rharb. Koolaaɗo kuuɓal ndiyam to base oo ina waawi waɗde 13 miliyoŋ KWh hitaande kala.[7] Koolol beton ngol mahiraa ko e dow marle kalkeer, ko ɗum addani mahngo ngoo caɗeele mawɗe.[3]
== Ɓamtaare caggal ɗuum ==
Laamu nguu ƴettataa ko adii fof no ndiyam ɗam huutortee.[11] Konu aduna ɗiɗmu (1939-1945) addani ƴellitaare ɓeydaade leeltude.[12] Haa e hitaande 1953 ko 10 000 ektaar (25 000 ektaar) tan woni e ndiyam nde tawnoo njuɓɓudi peccitagol ndii ina ŋakki haa jooni. Ngal ŋakkeende peewnugol ko caɗeele mawɗe e nder diiwaan ɗo silting ina addana kala baraas desorɗe nguurndam timmuɗam.[13] Diiwaan ndiyam oo fof ina fotnoo wonde e juuɗe koloñaal en.[14] E hitaande 1969, 28 000 ektaar (69 000 ektaar) ina njulee.[5]
Baraas oo ɓeydaama fotde meeteruuji 6 (20 ft) e hitaande 1968, ɗum ɓeydii njaajeendi ndiyam ɗam haa 297 000 000 meeter kubik (1.05×1010 cu ft). Zum noon ina fotnoo siltude, ina moxxina vursugol ilam, ina addana vursugol ngol 2 700 ektaar (6 700 ektaar) , zum addani vursugol ngol veydaade haa 33 miliyoq kWh hitaande kala. Golle ze ina cazti sabu cazeele wazde vursugol luggizngol saraaji vursugol ngol e cazeele wazde jokkondiral beton kesal e ɓooyngal ngal. Desin oo ina waɗi ɓeydugol 77 kaɓirgal njamndi e les njiimaandi 240 ton kala. Caggal nde nde joofi, e lewru feebariyee 1969 nde dañii ilam mawɗam e yerɓo leydi e sahaa gooto.[3]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''EL Kansera''' ko baraas mooftirɗo ndiyam to leydi Maruk.
== Wakere ==
El Kansera woni baraas ɓurɗo ɓooyde e nder leydi Maruk ngam mooftude ndiyam. Nde woni ko to fuɗnaange-rewo wuro Meknes, fotde kiloomeeteeruuji 20 (12 mi) to fuɗnaange Siidi Slimane, dow maayo Dar bel Amri. Baraas oo ina fadi maayo Oued Beht (walla Beth), woni maayo mawngo cakkitiingo e maayo Sebou hade mum yaltude. Kosam ɗam ina jogii 4 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (1 700 miil kaaree). Kiliima oo ina ɓuuɓi, toɓooli keewɗi ina tolnoo e 620 milimeeteer (24 in).<ref>El Kansera: Ministère</ref>
Nokku ɗo baraas oo woni ɗoo ko ŋoral luggiɗngal, ɓuuɓngal, ngal Beth taƴi e nder kaaƴe dime keeriije e dow leydi les. Ilamji ndunngu Beth waɗiino merdjas mawɗe e dow daande maayo Sebou, ko ɗum huunde moƴƴere ngam remde so ndiyam ndiyam ina woodi.<ref>Davis 1987, p. 52.</ref>
== Mahugo ==
E fuɗɗoode, njuɓɓudi ndema koloñaal e golle laamu ina luulndii mahngo ndeeɗoo baraas e baraaji goɗɗi, kono koɗdiiɗo mawɗo oo, e gardagol Gaston Lebault, ndartini eɓɓaande ndee yeeso. Nde guwerneer mawɗo biyeteeɗo Théodore Steeg ari e hitaande 1925, ganndiraaɗo "guwerneer ndiyam", yahdu nduu ɓeydii yaawde.<ref>Perennes 1993, p. 297.</ref> El Kansera mahiraa ko hakkunde 1927 e 1935.<ref>El Kansera: Ministère</ref> E hitaande 1928 laamu Steeg sosi nokku keso koloñaal (« périmètre ») gonɗo hakkunde Petitjean e Siidi Slimane. Leydi ndii ƴettaa ko e Cherarda en, ɓe ngartiraa ko e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko ɓuri heewde. Perimeter keso oo, ko ɗo ndiyam ummortooɗam e baraas oo waawi huutoreede e nder ndiyam.<ref>Davis 1987, p. 81-82.</ref>
Golle mahngo mawɗe ɗee mbaɗaama hakkunde 1931 e 1934.[7] Ko Société Générale d’Enterprises, sosiyatee Farayse mahi baraas oo.[8] Ko François de Pierrefeu woni gardiiɗo golle ɗee.[9] Henri Prost (1874-1959) woni mahoowo lowre ndee, nde timmini golle mum e hitaande 1934.[10] Toowgol baraas oo ina waɗi meeteeruuji 51 (167 ft), ina waawi mooftude 225 000 000 meeteer kubik (7,9×109 cu ft). Maa ɗum haɓo e ilam Beht, maa ɗum ilnu 30 000 ektaar (74 000 ektaar) leydi ɓuuɓndi e nder weendu Rharb. Koolaaɗo kuuɓal ndiyam to base oo ina waawi waɗde 13 miliyoŋ KWh hitaande kala.[7] Koolol beton ngol mahiraa ko e dow marle kalkeer, ko ɗum addani mahngo ngoo caɗeele mawɗe.[3]
== Ɓamtaare caggal ɗuum ==
Laamu nguu ƴettataa ko adii fof no ndiyam ɗam huutortee.[11] Konu aduna ɗiɗmu (1939-1945) addani ƴellitaare ɓeydaade leeltude.[12] Haa e hitaande 1953 ko 10 000 ektaar (25 000 ektaar) tan woni e ndiyam nde tawnoo njuɓɓudi peccitagol ndii ina ŋakki haa jooni. Ngal ŋakkeende peewnugol ko caɗeele mawɗe e nder diiwaan ɗo silting ina addana kala baraas desorɗe nguurndam timmuɗam.[13] Diiwaan ndiyam oo fof ina fotnoo wonde e juuɗe koloñaal en.[14] E hitaande 1969, 28 000 ektaar (69 000 ektaar) ina njulee.[5]
Baraas oo ɓeydaama fotde meeteruuji 6 (20 ft) e hitaande 1968, ɗum ɓeydii njaajeendi ndiyam ɗam haa 297 000 000 meeter kubik (1.05×1010 cu ft). Zum noon ina fotnoo siltude, ina moxxina vursugol ilam, ina addana vursugol ngol 2 700 ektaar (6 700 ektaar) , zum addani vursugol ngol veydaade haa 33 miliyoq kWh hitaande kala. Golle ze ina cazti sabu cazeele wazde vursugol luggizngol saraaji vursugol ngol e cazeele wazde jokkondiral beton kesal e ɓooyngal ngal. Desin oo ina waɗi ɓeydugol 77 kaɓirgal njamndi e les njiimaandi 240 ton kala. Caggal nde nde joofi, e lewru feebariyee 1969 nde dañii ilam mawɗam e yerɓo leydi e sahaa gooto.[3]
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''EL Kansera''' ko baraas mooftirɗo ndiyam to leydi Maruk.
== Wakere ==
El Kansera woni baraas ɓurɗo ɓooyde e nder leydi Maruk ngam mooftude ndiyam. Nde woni ko to fuɗnaange-rewo wuro Meknes, fotde kiloomeeteeruuji 20 (12 mi) to fuɗnaange Siidi Slimane, dow maayo Dar bel Amri. Baraas oo ina fadi maayo Oued Beht (walla Beth), woni maayo mawngo cakkitiingo e maayo Sebou hade mum yaltude. Kosam ɗam ina jogii 4 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (1 700 miil kaaree). Kiliima oo ina ɓuuɓi, toɓooli keewɗi ina tolnoo e 620 milimeeteer (24 in).<ref>El Kansera: Ministère</ref>
Nokku ɗo baraas oo woni ɗoo ko ŋoral luggiɗngal, ɓuuɓngal, ngal Beth taƴi e nder kaaƴe dime keeriije e dow leydi les. Ilamji ndunngu Beth waɗiino merdjas mawɗe e dow daande maayo Sebou, ko ɗum huunde moƴƴere ngam remde so ndiyam ndiyam ina woodi.<ref>Davis 1987, p. 52.</ref>
== Mahugo ==
E fuɗɗoode, njuɓɓudi ndema koloñaal e golle laamu ina luulndii mahngo ndeeɗoo baraas e baraaji goɗɗi, kono koɗdiiɗo mawɗo oo, e gardagol Gaston Lebault, ndartini eɓɓaande ndee yeeso. Nde guwerneer mawɗo biyeteeɗo Théodore Steeg ari e hitaande 1925, ganndiraaɗo "guwerneer ndiyam", yahdu nduu ɓeydii yaawde.<ref>Perennes 1993, p. 297.</ref> El Kansera mahiraa ko hakkunde 1927 e 1935.<ref>El Kansera: Ministère</ref> E hitaande 1928 laamu Steeg sosi nokku keso koloñaal (« périmètre ») gonɗo hakkunde Petitjean e Siidi Slimane. Leydi ndii ƴettaa ko e Cherarda en, ɓe ngartiraa ko e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko ɓuri heewde. Perimeter keso oo, ko ɗo ndiyam ummortooɗam e baraas oo waawi huutoreede e nder ndiyam.<ref>Davis 1987, p. 81-82.</ref>
Golle mahngo mawɗe ɗee mbaɗaama hakkunde 1931 e 1934.[7] Ko Société Générale d’Enterprises, sosiyatee Farayse mahi baraas oo.[8] Ko François de Pierrefeu woni gardiiɗo golle ɗee.[9] Henri Prost (1874-1959) woni mahoowo lowre ndee, nde timmini golle mum e hitaande 1934.[10] Toowgol baraas oo ina waɗi meeteeruuji 51 (167 ft), ina waawi mooftude 225 000 000 meeteer kubik (7,9×109 cu ft). Maa ɗum haɓo e ilam Beht, maa ɗum ilnu 30 000 ektaar (74 000 ektaar) leydi ɓuuɓndi e nder weendu Rharb. Koolaaɗo kuuɓal ndiyam to base oo ina waawi waɗde 13 miliyoŋ KWh hitaande kala.<ref>D'Angio 1995, p. 232.</ref> Koolol beton ngol mahiraa ko e dow marle kalkeer, ko ɗum addani mahngo ngoo caɗeele mawɗe.<ref>El Kansera: Ministère</ref>
== Ɓamtaare caggal ɗuum ==
Laamu nguu ƴettataa ko adii fof no ndiyam ɗam huutortee. Konu aduna ɗiɗmu (1939-1945) addani ƴellitaare ɓeydaade leeltude. Haa e hitaande 1953 ko 10 000 ektaar (25 000 ektaar) tan woni e ndiyam nde tawnoo njuɓɓudi peccitagol ndii ina ŋakki haa jooni. Ngal ŋakkeende peewnugol ko caɗeele mawɗe e nder diiwaan ɗo silting ina addana kala baraas desorɗe nguurndam timmuɗam. Diiwaan ndiyam oo fof ina fotnoo wonde e juuɗe koloñaal en. E hitaande 1969, 28 000 ektaar (69 000 ektaar) ina njulee.
Baraas oo ɓeydaama fotde meeteruuji 6 (20 ft) e hitaande 1968, ɗum ɓeydii njaajeendi ndiyam ɗam haa 297 000 000 meeter kubik (1.05×1010 cu ft). Zum noon ina fotnoo siltude, ina moxxina vursugol ilam, ina addana vursugol ngol 2 700 ektaar (6 700 ektaar) , zum addani vursugol ngol veydaade haa 33 miliyoq kWh hitaande kala. Golle ze ina cazti sabu cazeele wazde vursugol luggizngol saraaji vursugol ngol e cazeele wazde jokkondiral beton kesal e ɓooyngal ngal. Desin oo ina waɗi ɓeydugol 77 kaɓirgal njamndi e les njiimaandi 240 ton kala. Caggal nde nde joofi, e lewru feebariyee 1969 nde dañii ilam mawɗam e yerɓo leydi e sahaa gooto.<ref>El Kansera: Ministère</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
6sh4tsalhw2m0plu72caulx1bmjyfd6
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Nnamadee
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{{Databox}}'''EL Kansera''' ko baraas mooftirɗo ndiyam to leydi Maruk.
== Wakere ==
El Kansera woni baraas ɓurɗo ɓooyde e nder leydi Maruk ngam mooftude ndiyam. Nde woni ko to fuɗnaange-rewo wuro Meknes, fotde kiloomeeteeruuji 20 (12 mi) to fuɗnaange Siidi Slimane, dow maayo Dar bel Amri. Baraas oo ina fadi maayo Oued Beht (walla Beth), woni maayo mawngo cakkitiingo e maayo Sebou hade mum yaltude. Kosam ɗam ina jogii 4 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (1 700 miil kaaree). Kiliima oo ina ɓuuɓi, toɓooli keewɗi ina tolnoo e 620 milimeeteer (24 in).<ref>El Kansera: Ministère</ref>
Nokku ɗo baraas oo woni ɗoo ko ŋoral luggiɗngal, ɓuuɓngal, ngal Beth taƴi e nder kaaƴe dime keeriije e dow leydi les. Ilamji ndunngu Beth waɗiino merdjas mawɗe e dow daande maayo Sebou, ko ɗum huunde moƴƴere ngam remde so ndiyam ndiyam ina woodi.<ref>Davis 1987, p. 52.</ref>
== Mahugo ==
E fuɗɗoode, njuɓɓudi ndema koloñaal e golle laamu ina luulndii mahngo ndeeɗoo baraas e baraaji goɗɗi, kono koɗdiiɗo mawɗo oo, e gardagol Gaston Lebault, ndartini eɓɓaande ndee yeeso. Nde guwerneer mawɗo biyeteeɗo Théodore Steeg ari e hitaande 1925, ganndiraaɗo "guwerneer ndiyam", yahdu nduu ɓeydii yaawde.<ref>Perennes 1993, p. 297.</ref> El Kansera mahiraa ko hakkunde 1927 e 1935.<ref>El Kansera: Ministère</ref> E hitaande 1928 laamu Steeg sosi nokku keso koloñaal (« périmètre ») gonɗo hakkunde Petitjean e Siidi Slimane. Leydi ndii ƴettaa ko e Cherarda en, ɓe ngartiraa ko e nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa ko ɓuri heewde. Perimeter keso oo, ko ɗo ndiyam ummortooɗam e baraas oo waawi huutoreede e nder ndiyam.<ref>Davis 1987, p. 81-82.</ref>
Golle mahngo mawɗe ɗee mbaɗaama hakkunde 1931 e 1934.[7] Ko Société Générale d’Enterprises, sosiyatee Farayse mahi baraas oo.[8] Ko François de Pierrefeu woni gardiiɗo golle ɗee.[9] Henri Prost (1874-1959) woni mahoowo lowre ndee, nde timmini golle mum e hitaande 1934.[10] Toowgol baraas oo ina waɗi meeteeruuji 51 (167 ft), ina waawi mooftude 225 000 000 meeteer kubik (7,9×109 cu ft). Maa ɗum haɓo e ilam Beht, maa ɗum ilnu 30 000 ektaar (74 000 ektaar) leydi ɓuuɓndi e nder weendu Rharb. Koolaaɗo kuuɓal ndiyam to base oo ina waawi waɗde 13 miliyoŋ KWh hitaande kala.<ref>D'Angio 1995, p. 232.</ref> Koolol beton ngol mahiraa ko e dow marle kalkeer, ko ɗum addani mahngo ngoo caɗeele mawɗe.<ref>El Kansera: Ministère</ref>
== Ɓamtaare caggal ɗuum ==
Laamu nguu ƴettataa ko adii fof no ndiyam ɗam huutortee. Konu aduna ɗiɗmu (1939-1945) addani ƴellitaare ɓeydaade leeltude. Haa e hitaande 1953 ko 10 000 ektaar (25 000 ektaar) tan woni e ndiyam nde tawnoo njuɓɓudi peccitagol ndii ina ŋakki haa jooni. Ngal ŋakkeende peewnugol ko caɗeele mawɗe e nder diiwaan ɗo silting ina addana kala baraas desorɗe nguurndam timmuɗam. Diiwaan ndiyam oo fof ina fotnoo wonde e juuɗe koloñaal en. E hitaande 1969, 28 000 ektaar (69 000 ektaar) ina njulee.
Baraas oo ɓeydaama fotde meeteruuji 6 (20 ft) e hitaande 1968, ɗum ɓeydii njaajeendi ndiyam ɗam haa 297 000 000 meeter kubik (1.05×1010 cu ft). Zum noon ina fotnoo siltude, ina moxxina vursugol ilam, ina addana vursugol ngol 2 700 ektaar (6 700 ektaar) , zum addani vursugol ngol veydaade haa 33 miliyoq kWh hitaande kala. Golle ze ina cazti sabu cazeele wazde vursugol luggizngol saraaji vursugol ngol e cazeele wazde jokkondiral beton kesal e ɓooyngal ngal. Desin oo ina waɗi ɓeydugol 77 kaɓirgal njamndi e les njiimaandi 240 ton kala. Caggal nde nde joofi, e lewru feebariyee 1969 nde dañii ilam mawɗam e yerɓo leydi e sahaa gooto.<ref>El Kansera: Ministère</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
95viu7yvyqywg8l7ug3g2qie0ad7h7x
Raghbir Mhajan
0
42133
173793
2026-06-17T10:26:46Z
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Raghbir Mhajan MBE, ganndiraaɗo kadi Raghbir Singh Mhajan, ko kañum woni ñaawoowo gadano e liggorde tennis Sikh, ardinooɗo Wimbledon.
Nguurndam
Mhajan jibinaa ko to leydi Keñiya, o mawni ko to Londres e hitaande 1972, o woni Inndonaajo gadano ardaade Wimbledon.O anndaa ko e doggol makko e John McEnroe, haa teeŋti noon e hitaande 1981, nde o tuumaa ko o ƴattoowo e ñaawgol makko.
E hitaande 2004, o rokkaa njeenaari MBE ngam golle makko e tennis e nder teddungal ñalngu nguu e hitaande 2004.
Tuugnorgal
nhu21zxukdm4pq996u3wk5pqbnkjanw
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{{Databox}}
Raghbir Mhajan MBE, ganndiraaɗo kadi Raghbir Singh Mhajan, ko kañum woni ñaawoowo gadano e liggorde tennis Sikh, ardinooɗo Wimbledon.
Nguurndam
Mhajan jibinaa ko to leydi Keñiya, o mawni ko to Londres e hitaande 1972, o woni Inndonaajo gadano ardaade Wimbledon.O anndaa ko e doggol makko e John McEnroe, haa teeŋti noon e hitaande 1981, nde o tuumaa ko o ƴattoowo e ñaawgol makko.
E hitaande 2004, o rokkaa njeenaari MBE ngam golle makko e tennis e nder teddungal ñalngu nguu e hitaande 2004.
Tuugnorgal
ojlzh1bbavufbxy1upj5n4r2k0vsbgq
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{{Databox}}
'''Raghbir Mhajan MBE''', ganndiraaɗo kadi Raghbir Singh Mhajan, ko kañum woni ñaawoowo gadano e liggorde tennis Sikh, ardinooɗo Wimbledon.
== Nguurndam ==
Mhajan jibinaa ko to leydi Keñiya, o mawni ko to Londres e hitaande 1972, o woni Inndonaajo gadano ardaade Wimbledon.O anndaa ko e doggol makko e John McEnroe, haa teeŋti noon e hitaande 1981, nde o tuumaa ko o ƴattoowo e ñaawgol makko.
E hitaande 2004, o rokkaa njeenaari MBE ngam golle makko e tennis e nder teddungal ñalngu nguu e hitaande 2004.
== Tuugnorgal ==
d9je0mzqkc2jgsaf8p9mab6yo8wxres
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2026-06-17T10:30:24Z
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{{Databox}}
'''Raghbir Mhajan MBE''', ganndiraaɗo kadi Raghbir Singh Mhajan, ko kañum woni ñaawoowo gadano e liggorde tennis Sikh, ardinooɗo Wimbledon.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/olympics-2012/story/bir-mahajan-first-indian-to-umpire-at-wimbledon-111876-2012-08-01|title=Olympics: Bir Mahajan's journey to Wimbledon arena|last=Gaurav Gala|date=1 August 2012|work=India Today|access-date=19 June 2019}}</ref>
== Nguurndam ==
Mhajan jibinaa ko to leydi Keñiya, o mawni ko to Londres e hitaande 1972, o woni Inndonaajo gadano ardaade Wimbledon.O anndaa ko e doggol makko e John McEnroe, haa teeŋti noon e hitaande 1981, nde o tuumaa ko o ƴattoowo e ñaawgol makko.
E hitaande 2004, o rokkaa njeenaari MBE ngam golle makko e tennis e nder teddungal ñalngu nguu e hitaande 2004.
== Tuugnorgal ==
mlxszjw8g93jnw2wfhpnez6z73benoc
173798
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2026-06-17T10:31:58Z
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{{Databox}}
'''Raghbir Mhajan MBE''', ganndiraaɗo kadi Raghbir Singh Mhajan, ko kañum woni ñaawoowo gadano e liggorde tennis Sikh, ardinooɗo Wimbledon.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/olympics-2012/story/bir-mahajan-first-indian-to-umpire-at-wimbledon-111876-2012-08-01|title=Olympics: Bir Mahajan's journey to Wimbledon arena|last=Gaurav Gala|date=1 August 2012|work=India Today|access-date=19 June 2019}}</ref>
== Nguurndam ==
Mhajan jibinaa ko to leydi Keñiya, o mawni ko to Londres e hitaande 1972, o woni Inndonaajo gadano ardaade Wimbledon.O anndaa ko e doggol makko e John McEnroe, haa teeŋti noon e hitaande 1981, nde o tuumaa ko o ƴattoowo e ñaawgol makko.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaempire.com/v2/magazine/2005/mar/raghbir-mhajan.asp|title=Serving from the Sidelines|last=Nishtha Shukla|website=www.indiaempire.com|access-date=19 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/wimbledon/2406948/McEnroe-given-official-welcome.html|title=McEnroe given official welcome|last=Edworthy|first=Sarah|date=30 June 2003|work=The Telegraph|access-date=19 June 2019|issn=0307-1235}}</ref>
E hitaande 2004, o rokkaa njeenaari MBE ngam golle makko e tennis e nder teddungal ñalngu nguu e hitaande 2004.
== Tuugnorgal ==
8jdudkf8n2hz40un61vcoms8ayd5ova
173799
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2026-06-17T10:32:53Z
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{{Databox}}
'''Raghbir Mhajan MBE''', ganndiraaɗo kadi Raghbir Singh Mhajan, ko kañum woni ñaawoowo gadano e liggorde tennis Sikh, ardinooɗo Wimbledon.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/olympics-2012/story/bir-mahajan-first-indian-to-umpire-at-wimbledon-111876-2012-08-01|title=Olympics: Bir Mahajan's journey to Wimbledon arena|last=Gaurav Gala|date=1 August 2012|work=India Today|access-date=19 June 2019}}</ref>
== Nguurndam ==
Mhajan jibinaa ko to leydi Keñiya, o mawni ko to Londres e hitaande 1972, o woni Inndonaajo gadano ardaade Wimbledon.O anndaa ko e doggol makko e John McEnroe, haa teeŋti noon e hitaande 1981, nde o tuumaa ko o ƴattoowo e ñaawgol makko.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaempire.com/v2/magazine/2005/mar/raghbir-mhajan.asp|title=Serving from the Sidelines|last=Nishtha Shukla|website=www.indiaempire.com|access-date=19 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/wimbledon/2406948/McEnroe-given-official-welcome.html|title=McEnroe given official welcome|last=Edworthy|first=Sarah|date=30 June 2003|work=The Telegraph|access-date=19 June 2019|issn=0307-1235}}</ref>
E hitaande 2004, o rokkaa njeenaari MBE ngam golle makko e tennis e nder teddungal ñalngu nguu e hitaande 2004.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/sport/brooking-knighted-by-queen-1-2266331|title=Brooking knighted by Queen|date=12 June 2004|work=Yorkshire Evening Post.co|access-date=19 June 2019}}</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
5284hdefwjb6mp8ps6brhejn9yz33fd
173834
173799
2026-06-17T11:27:48Z
Fulani215
7983
/* Nguurndam */ fixed typo
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{{Databox}}
'''Raghbir Mhajan MBE''', ganndiraaɗo kadi Raghbir Singh Mhajan, ko kañum woni ñaawoowo gadano e liggorde tennis Sikh, ardinooɗo Wimbledon.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/olympics-2012/story/bir-mahajan-first-indian-to-umpire-at-wimbledon-111876-2012-08-01|title=Olympics: Bir Mahajan's journey to Wimbledon arena|last=Gaurav Gala|date=1 August 2012|work=India Today|access-date=19 June 2019}}</ref>
== Nguurndam ==
Mhajan jibinaa ko to leydi Keñiya, o mawni ko to Londres e hitaande 1972, o woni Inndonaajo gadano ardaade Wimbledon.O anndaa ko e doggol makko e John McEnroe, haa teeŋti noon e hitaande 1981, nde o tuumaa ko o ƴattoowo e ñaawgol makko.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaempire.com/v2/magazine/2005/mar/raghbir-mhajan.asp|title=Serving from the Sidelines|last=Nishtha Shukla|website=www.indiaempire.com|access-date=19 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/wimbledon/2406948/McEnroe-given-official-welcome.html|title=McEnroe given official welcome|last=Edworthy|first=Sarah|date=30 June 2003|work=The Telegraph|access-date=19 June 2019|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> E hitaande 2004, o rokkaa njeenaari MBE ngam golle makko e tennis e nder teddungal ñalngu nguu e hitaande 2004.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/sport/brooking-knighted-by-queen-1-2266331|title=Brooking knighted by Queen|date=12 June 2004|work=Yorkshire Evening Post.co|access-date=19 June 2019}}</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
bh7na5zfdi6rnauuqrovlmmovix2si6
173835
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2026-06-17T11:28:19Z
Fulani215
7983
/* Himobe */ fixed typo
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{{Databox}}
'''Raghbir Mhajan MBE''', ganndiraaɗo kadi Raghbir Singh Mhajan, ko kañum woni ñaawoowo gadano e liggorde tennis Sikh, ardinooɗo Wimbledon.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/olympics-2012/story/bir-mahajan-first-indian-to-umpire-at-wimbledon-111876-2012-08-01|title=Olympics: Bir Mahajan's journey to Wimbledon arena|last=Gaurav Gala|date=1 August 2012|work=India Today|access-date=19 June 2019}}</ref>
== Nguurndam ==
Mhajan jibinaa ko to leydi Keñiya, o mawni ko to Londres e hitaande 1972, o woni Inndonaajo gadano ardaade Wimbledon.O anndaa ko e doggol makko e John McEnroe, haa teeŋti noon e hitaande 1981, nde o tuumaa ko o ƴattoowo e ñaawgol makko.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaempire.com/v2/magazine/2005/mar/raghbir-mhajan.asp|title=Serving from the Sidelines|last=Nishtha Shukla|website=www.indiaempire.com|access-date=19 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/wimbledon/2406948/McEnroe-given-official-welcome.html|title=McEnroe given official welcome|last=Edworthy|first=Sarah|date=30 June 2003|work=The Telegraph|access-date=19 June 2019|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> E hitaande 2004, o rokkaa njeenaari MBE ngam golle makko e tennis e nder teddungal ñalngu nguu e hitaande 2004.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/sport/brooking-knighted-by-queen-1-2266331|title=Brooking knighted by Queen|date=12 June 2004|work=Yorkshire Evening Post.co|access-date=19 June 2019}}</ref>
== Himobe==
lmcr8zeb5182gdzek0tiwu3d2l8h2bk
Denis Morel
0
42134
173802
2026-06-17T10:42:07Z
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Denis Morel (jibinaa ko ñalnde 13 desaambar 1948, to wuro Kebek, Kebek) ko gardiiɗo Ligue Nationale de Hockey, mo o woppi golle. Golle makko puɗɗii ko e hitaande 1972, o joofi e hitaande 1994. E nder golle makko (nde o ɓoornii kaski gila e cakkital kitaale 1980 haa o arti e golle makko), o ardii ko ina ɓura 1 200 pottital e sahaa gonaaɗo e kawgel Stanley Cup ɗiɗi. O ardii kadi pijirlooji ɗiɗi All-Star.
Ko o laamɗo e nder pottital ngal Brad May waɗi go’o ñalnde mee ngam heɓde pottital 4 e nder waktuuji ɓeydaaɗi ngam Buffalo Sabres, ɓuuɓnude Boston Bruins, ñalnde 24 abriil 1993. Ko pottital makko gadanal e nder playoff.
Ñalnde aset 16 oktoobar 1993, e nder pottital hakkunde Chicago Blackhawks e Winnipeg Jets to Winnipeg, ko Morel woni gardiiɗo ñaawoowo oo, baawɗo accude Nelson Emerson, gardinooɗo Jets, ƴaañoowo waktuuji ɓeydaaɗi, luulndiingo, daraade. Caggal nde gooliiɗo Blackhawks, Ed Belfour, etinooma laaɓtinde puccu nguu e sara gilaas caggal ŋoral Chicago, Emerson, ƴeewndotooɗo yeeso oo, nanngi puccu nguu e junngo mum ñaamo, o ƴetti puccu nguu e junngo mum gila caggal ŋoral haa e bannge bannge ŋoral ñaamo, ɗo o jippini puccu nguu caggal ŋoral go. Njoɓdi cakkitiindi e kawgel ngel ko Winnipeg 1, Chicago 0.
Ñalnde 31 mee 2010, o riiwaa e golle makko, o woniino ƴaañoowo amateur to Kebek, e nder fedde wiyeteende Montreal Canadiens.
Tuugnorgal
l5n70d2shmxfynjj6nliswfuxmtj9me
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2026-06-17T10:43:28Z
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{{Databox}}
Denis Morel (jibinaa ko ñalnde 13 desaambar 1948, to wuro Kebek, Kebek) ko gardiiɗo Ligue Nationale de Hockey, mo o woppi golle. Golle makko puɗɗii ko e hitaande 1972, o joofi e hitaande 1994. E nder golle makko (nde o ɓoornii kaski gila e cakkital kitaale 1980 haa o arti e golle makko), o ardii ko ina ɓura 1 200 pottital e sahaa gonaaɗo e kawgel Stanley Cup ɗiɗi. O ardii kadi pijirlooji ɗiɗi All-Star.
Ko o laamɗo e nder pottital ngal Brad May waɗi go’o ñalnde mee ngam heɓde pottital 4 e nder waktuuji ɓeydaaɗi ngam Buffalo Sabres, ɓuuɓnude Boston Bruins, ñalnde 24 abriil 1993. Ko pottital makko gadanal e nder playoff.
Ñalnde aset 16 oktoobar 1993, e nder pottital hakkunde Chicago Blackhawks e Winnipeg Jets to Winnipeg, ko Morel woni gardiiɗo ñaawoowo oo, baawɗo accude Nelson Emerson, gardinooɗo Jets, ƴaañoowo waktuuji ɓeydaaɗi, luulndiingo, daraade. Caggal nde gooliiɗo Blackhawks, Ed Belfour, etinooma laaɓtinde puccu nguu e sara gilaas caggal ŋoral Chicago, Emerson, ƴeewndotooɗo yeeso oo, nanngi puccu nguu e junngo mum ñaamo, o ƴetti puccu nguu e junngo mum gila caggal ŋoral haa e bannge bannge ŋoral ñaamo, ɗo o jippini puccu nguu caggal ŋoral go. Njoɓdi cakkitiindi e kawgel ngel ko Winnipeg 1, Chicago 0.
Ñalnde 31 mee 2010, o riiwaa e golle makko, o woniino ƴaañoowo amateur to Kebek, e nder fedde wiyeteende Montreal Canadiens.
Tuugnorgal
kppon9jea0smoqajhjfh1o4yxehm7zu
173805
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2026-06-17T10:44:02Z
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{{Databox}}
'''Denis Morel''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 13 desaambar 1948, to wuro Kebek, Kebek) ko gardiiɗo Ligue Nationale de Hockey, mo o woppi golle. Golle makko puɗɗii ko e hitaande 1972, o joofi e hitaande 1994. E nder golle makko (nde o ɓoornii kaski gila e cakkital kitaale 1980 haa o arti e golle makko), o ardii ko ina ɓura 1 200 pottital e sahaa gonaaɗo e kawgel Stanley Cup ɗiɗi. O ardii kadi pijirlooji ɗiɗi All-Star.
Ko o laamɗo e nder pottital ngal Brad May waɗi go’o ñalnde mee ngam heɓde pottital 4 e nder waktuuji ɓeydaaɗi ngam Buffalo Sabres, ɓuuɓnude Boston Bruins, ñalnde 24 abriil 1993. Ko pottital makko gadanal e nder playoff.
Ñalnde aset 16 oktoobar 1993, e nder pottital hakkunde Chicago Blackhawks e Winnipeg Jets to Winnipeg, ko Morel woni gardiiɗo ñaawoowo oo, baawɗo accude Nelson Emerson, gardinooɗo Jets, ƴaañoowo waktuuji ɓeydaaɗi, luulndiingo, daraade. Caggal nde gooliiɗo Blackhawks, Ed Belfour, etinooma laaɓtinde puccu nguu e sara gilaas caggal ŋoral Chicago, Emerson, ƴeewndotooɗo yeeso oo, nanngi puccu nguu e junngo mum ñaamo, o ƴetti puccu nguu e junngo mum gila caggal ŋoral haa e bannge bannge ŋoral ñaamo, ɗo o jippini puccu nguu caggal ŋoral go. Njoɓdi cakkitiindi e kawgel ngel ko Winnipeg 1, Chicago 0.
Ñalnde 31 mee 2010, o riiwaa e golle makko, o woniino ƴaañoowo amateur to Kebek, e nder fedde wiyeteende Montreal Canadiens.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Denis Morel''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 13 desaambar 1948, to wuro Kebek, Kebek) ko gardiiɗo Ligue Nationale de Hockey, mo o woppi golle. Golle makko puɗɗii ko e hitaande 1972, o joofi e hitaande 1994. E nder golle makko (nde o ɓoornii kaski gila e cakkital kitaale 1980 haa o arti e golle makko), o ardii ko ina ɓura 1 200 pottital e sahaa gonaaɗo e kawgel Stanley Cup ɗiɗi. O ardii kadi pijirlooji ɗiɗi All-Star.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1993/10/17/disputed-ot-goal-has-hawks-fuming/|title=Disputed Ot Goal Has Hawks Fuming|website=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=17 October 1993}}</ref>
Ko o laamɗo e nder pottital ngal Brad May waɗi go’o ñalnde mee ngam heɓde pottital 4 e nder waktuuji ɓeydaaɗi ngam Buffalo Sabres, ɓuuɓnude Boston Bruins, ñalnde 24 abriil 1993. Ko pottital makko gadanal e nder playoff.
Ñalnde aset 16 oktoobar 1993, e nder pottital hakkunde Chicago Blackhawks e Winnipeg Jets to Winnipeg, ko Morel woni gardiiɗo ñaawoowo oo, baawɗo accude Nelson Emerson, gardinooɗo Jets, ƴaañoowo waktuuji ɓeydaaɗi, luulndiingo, daraade. Caggal nde gooliiɗo Blackhawks, Ed Belfour, etinooma laaɓtinde puccu nguu e sara gilaas caggal ŋoral Chicago, Emerson, ƴeewndotooɗo yeeso oo, nanngi puccu nguu e junngo mum ñaamo, o ƴetti puccu nguu e junngo mum gila caggal ŋoral haa e bannge bannge ŋoral ñaamo, ɗo o jippini puccu nguu caggal ŋoral go. Njoɓdi cakkitiindi e kawgel ngel ko Winnipeg 1, Chicago 0.
Ñalnde 31 mee 2010, o riiwaa e golle makko, o woniino ƴaañoowo amateur to Kebek, e nder fedde wiyeteende Montreal Canadiens.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Denis Morel''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 13 desaambar 1948, to wuro Kebek, Kebek) ko gardiiɗo Ligue Nationale de Hockey, mo o woppi golle. Golle makko puɗɗii ko e hitaande 1972, o joofi e hitaande 1994. E nder golle makko (nde o ɓoornii kaski gila e cakkital kitaale 1980 haa o arti e golle makko), o ardii ko ina ɓura 1 200 pottital e sahaa gonaaɗo e kawgel Stanley Cup ɗiɗi. O ardii kadi pijirlooji ɗiɗi All-Star.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1993/10/17/disputed-ot-goal-has-hawks-fuming/|title=Disputed Ot Goal Has Hawks Fuming|website=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=17 October 1993}}</ref>
Ko o laamɗo e nder pottital ngal Brad May waɗi go’o ñalnde mee ngam heɓde pottital 4 e nder waktuuji ɓeydaaɗi ngam Buffalo Sabres, ɓuuɓnude Boston Bruins, ñalnde 24 abriil 1993. Ko pottital makko gadanal e nder playoff.
Ñalnde aset 16 oktoobar 1993, e nder pottital hakkunde Chicago Blackhawks e Winnipeg Jets to Winnipeg, ko Morel woni gardiiɗo ñaawoowo oo, baawɗo accude Nelson Emerson, gardinooɗo Jets, ƴaañoowo waktuuji ɓeydaaɗi, luulndiingo, daraade. Caggal nde gooliiɗo Blackhawks, Ed Belfour, etinooma laaɓtinde puccu nguu e sara gilaas caggal ŋoral Chicago, Emerson, ƴeewndotooɗo yeeso oo, nanngi puccu nguu e junngo mum ñaamo, o ƴetti puccu nguu e junngo mum gila caggal ŋoral haa e bannge bannge ŋoral ñaamo, ɗo o jippini puccu nguu caggal ŋoral go. Njoɓdi cakkitiindi e kawgel ngel ko Winnipeg 1, Chicago 0.
Ñalnde 31 mee 2010, o riiwaa e golle makko, o woniino ƴaañoowo amateur to Kebek, e nder fedde wiyeteende Montreal Canadiens.
== Himobe ==
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'''Denis Morel''' (jibinaa ko ñalnde 13 desaambar 1948, to wuro Kebek, Kebek) ko gardiiɗo Ligue Nationale de Hockey, mo o woppi golle. Golle makko puɗɗii ko e hitaande 1972, o joofi e hitaande 1994. E nder golle makko (nde o ɓoornii kaski gila e cakkital kitaale 1980 haa o arti e golle makko), o ardii ko ina ɓura 1 200 pottital e sahaa gonaaɗo e kawgel Stanley Cup ɗiɗi. O ardii kadi pijirlooji ɗiɗi All-Star.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1993/10/17/disputed-ot-goal-has-hawks-fuming/|title=Disputed Ot Goal Has Hawks Fuming|website=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=17 October 1993}}</ref> Ko o laamɗo e nder pottital ngal Brad May waɗi go’o ñalnde mee ngam heɓde pottital 4 e nder waktuuji ɓeydaaɗi ngam Buffalo Sabres, ɓuuɓnude Boston Bruins, ñalnde 24 abriil 1993. Ko pottital makko gadanal e nder playoff. Ñalnde aset 16 oktoobar 1993, e nder pottital hakkunde Chicago Blackhawks e Winnipeg Jets to Winnipeg, ko Morel woni gardiiɗo ñaawoowo oo, baawɗo accude Nelson Emerson, gardinooɗo Jets, ƴaañoowo waktuuji ɓeydaaɗi, luulndiingo, daraade. Caggal nde gooliiɗo Blackhawks, Ed Belfour, etinooma laaɓtinde puccu nguu e sara gilaas caggal ŋoral Chicago, Emerson, ƴeewndotooɗo yeeso oo, nanngi puccu nguu e junngo mum ñaamo, o ƴetti puccu nguu e junngo mum gila caggal ŋoral haa e bannge bannge ŋoral ñaamo, ɗo o jippini puccu nguu caggal ŋoral go. Njoɓdi cakkitiindi e kawgel ngel ko Winnipeg 1, Chicago 0. Ñalnde 31 mee 2010, o riiwaa e golle makko, o woniino ƴaañoowo amateur to Kebek, e nder fedde wiyeteende Montreal Canadiens.
== Himobe ==
fm8f63bmb4dnhyaedqjk26cdv9gqcfp
Maayo Mohamed V
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Nnamadee
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Created page with "'''Baraas Mohamed V''' ko baraas gonɗo e 35 kiloomeeteer (22 mi) to fuɗnaange Zaio e maayo Moulouya to diiwaan Nador, Maruk. Faandaare baraas oo ko rokkude ndiyam ngam irtude 70 000 ektaar (170 000 ektaar) dow maayo. Ndiyam ina huutoree kadi ngam waɗde kuuraa ndiyam e rokkude ndiyam wuro Nador. Baraas oo inniraa ko Mohammed V mo Maruk.<ref>"Mohamed V" (in French). Secretariat D'etat Charge de L'eau et de L'environnement. Archived from the original on 9 October 2011. R..."
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'''Baraas Mohamed V''' ko baraas gonɗo e 35 kiloomeeteer (22 mi) to fuɗnaange Zaio e maayo Moulouya to diiwaan Nador, Maruk. Faandaare baraas oo ko rokkude ndiyam ngam irtude 70 000 ektaar (170 000 ektaar) dow maayo. Ndiyam ina huutoree kadi ngam waɗde kuuraa ndiyam e rokkude ndiyam wuro Nador. Baraas oo inniraa ko Mohammed V mo Maruk.<ref>"Mohamed V" (in French). Secretariat D'etat Charge de L'eau et de L'environnement. Archived from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref>
== Tarde ==
Reservoir dam oo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi ɗii toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokku Ramsar e hitaande 2005.<ref>"Morocco names 20 varied new Ramsar sites". The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. 26 June 2005. Retrieved 23 August 2011.</ref> Nokku oo kadi toɗɗaama nokku colli teeŋtuɗi (IBA) e juuɗe BirdLife International sabu ina wallita e jibinannde mawnde e ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye marbere.<ref>"Barrage Mohamed V". BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 2024. Retrieved 2024-10-23.</ref>
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Baraas Mohamed V''' ko baraas gonɗo e 35 kiloomeeteer (22 mi) to fuɗnaange Zaio e maayo Moulouya to diiwaan Nador, Maruk. Faandaare baraas oo ko rokkude ndiyam ngam irtude 70 000 ektaar (170 000 ektaar) dow maayo. Ndiyam ina huutoree kadi ngam waɗde kuuraa ndiyam e rokkude ndiyam wuro Nador. Baraas oo inniraa ko Mohammed V mo Maruk.<ref>"Mohamed V" (in French). Secretariat D'etat Charge de L'eau et de L'environnement. Archived from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref>
== Tarde ==
Reservoir dam oo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi ɗii toɗɗaama ngam wonde nokku Ramsar e hitaande 2005.<ref>"Morocco names 20 varied new Ramsar sites". The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. 26 June 2005. Retrieved 23 August 2011.</ref> Nokku oo kadi toɗɗaama nokku colli teeŋtuɗi (IBA) e juuɗe BirdLife International sabu ina wallita e jibinannde mawnde e ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye marbere.<ref>"Barrage Mohamed V". BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 2024. Retrieved 2024-10-23.</ref>
== Himobe==
lt77pai8xvcco8zm57tbv4uvh6u4u3q
Gideon Mthembu
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Gideon Buthana Mthembu (jibinaa ko 25 suwee 1963) ko jaagorgal dingiral Swazistan, ko dognoowo pentiirɗo.
O woni 53ɓo e maraton Olimpiyaade 1988. Waktu makko ɓurɗo moƴƴude e hoore makko ko waktuuji 2:17.08, o heɓi ɗum ko e hitaande 1987. O tawtoraama kadi 800 e 1500 meeteruuji e Pijirlooji Commonwealth 1986 tawi o yettaaki finaal.
O wonii hooreejo fedde atletik to leydi Swaziland tuggi 2008 haa 2012.
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Gideon Buthana Mthembu (jibinaa ko 25 suwee 1963) ko jaagorgal dingiral Swazistan, ko dognoowo pentiirɗo.
O woni 53ɓo e maraton Olimpiyaade 1988. Waktu makko ɓurɗo moƴƴude e hoore makko ko waktuuji 2:17.08, o heɓi ɗum ko e hitaande 1987. O tawtoraama kadi 800 e 1500 meeteruuji e Pijirlooji Commonwealth 1986 tawi o yettaaki finaal.
O wonii hooreejo fedde atletik to leydi Swaziland tuggi 2008 haa 2012.
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'''Gideon Buthana Mthembu''' (jibinaa ko 25 suwee 1963) ko jaagorgal dingiral Swazistan, ko dognoowo pentiirɗo.
O woni 53ɓo e maraton Olimpiyaade 1988. Waktu makko ɓurɗo moƴƴude e hoore makko ko waktuuji 2:17.08, o heɓi ɗum ko e hitaande 1987. O tawtoraama kadi 800 e 1500 meeteruuji e Pijirlooji Commonwealth 1986 tawi o yettaaki finaal.
O wonii hooreejo fedde atletik to leydi Swaziland tuggi 2008 haa 2012.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Gideon Buthana Mthembu''' (jibinaa ko 25 suwee 1963) ko jaagorgal dingiral Swazistan, ko dognoowo pentiirɗo.
O woni 53ɓo e maraton Olimpiyaade 1988. Waktu makko ɓurɗo moƴƴude e hoore makko ko waktuuji 2:17.08, o heɓi ɗum ko e hitaande 1987. O tawtoraama kadi 800 e 1500 meeteruuji e Pijirlooji Commonwealth 1986 tawi o yettaaki finaal.
O wonii hooreejo fedde atletik to leydi Swaziland tuggi 2008 haa 2012.
== Himobe==
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'''Gideon Buthana Mthembu''' (jibinaa ko 25 suwee 1963) ko jaagorgal dingiral Swazistan, ko dognoowo pentiirɗo.<ref name="sref">{{cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mt/gideon-mthembu-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418122311/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mt/gideon-mthembu-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 April 2020|title=Gideon Mthembu|publisher=Sports-Reference.com|accessdate=31 October 2016}}</ref>
O woni 53ɓo e maraton Olimpiyaade 1988. Waktu makko ɓurɗo moƴƴude e hoore makko ko waktuuji 2:17.08, o heɓi ɗum ko e hitaande 1987. O tawtoraama kadi 800 e 1500 meeteruuji e Pijirlooji Commonwealth 1986 tawi o yettaaki finaal.
O wonii hooreejo fedde atletik to leydi Swaziland tuggi 2008 haa 2012.
== Himobe==
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'''Gideon Buthana Mthembu''' (jibinaa ko 25 suwee 1963) ko jaagorgal dingiral Swazistan, ko dognoowo pentiirɗo.<ref name="sref">{{cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mt/gideon-mthembu-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418122311/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mt/gideon-mthembu-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 April 2020|title=Gideon Mthembu|publisher=Sports-Reference.com|accessdate=31 October 2016}}</ref>
O woni 53ɓo e maraton Olimpiyaade 1988. Waktu makko ɓurɗo moƴƴude e hoore makko ko waktuuji 2:17.08, o heɓi ɗum ko e hitaande 1987. O tawtoraama kadi 800 e 1500 meeteruuji e Pijirlooji Commonwealth 1986 tawi o yettaaki finaal..<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.observer.org.sz/index.php?news=46787|title=AAS President Gideon Mthembu steps down|last=Shongwe|first=Qondile|date=24 December 2012|work=Swazi Observer|accessdate=31 October 2016}}</ref>
O wonii hooreejo fedde atletik to leydi Swaziland tuggi 2008 haa 2012.
== Himobe==
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'''Gideon Buthana Mthembu''' (jibinaa ko 25 suwee 1963) ko jaagorgal dingiral Swazistan, ko dognoowo pentiirɗo.<ref name="sref">{{cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mt/gideon-mthembu-1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418122311/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mt/gideon-mthembu-1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 April 2020|title=Gideon Mthembu|publisher=Sports-Reference.com|accessdate=31 October 2016}}</ref> O woni 53ɓo e maraton Olimpiyaade 1988. Waktu makko ɓurɗo moƴƴude e hoore makko ko waktuuji 2:17.08, o heɓi ɗum ko e hitaande 1987. O tawtoraama kadi 800 e 1500 meeteruuji e Pijirlooji Commonwealth 1986 tawi o yettaaki finaal..<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.observer.org.sz/index.php?news=46787|title=AAS President Gideon Mthembu steps down|last=Shongwe|first=Qondile|date=24 December 2012|work=Swazi Observer|accessdate=31 October 2016}}</ref> O wonii hooreejo fedde atletik to leydi Swaziland tuggi 2008 haa 2012.
== Himobe==
hf2kptapreoxfgnagkecx4io3oglk4y
Baraas Yaakuuba El Mansuur
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Created page with "'''Barrage Yacoub el Mansour''' (Barage Yacoub el Mansour) ko baraas BCR (ɓuuɓri beton ɓuuɓndi) woni ko e wuro wiyeteengo Ouirgane to maayo N’fis to diiwaan Al Haouz, to leydi Maruk. Baraas oo timminaama e hitaande 2008, ina foti moƴƴinde ndiyam njareteeɗam e ndiyam gollorɗe e nokku biyeteeɗo Marakech.<ref name=":0">"Le barrage Yacoub al Mansour" (in French). Secretariat D'etat Charge de L'eau et de L'environnement. 1 March 2014. Archived from the original on..."
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'''Barrage Yacoub el Mansour''' (Barage Yacoub el Mansour) ko baraas BCR (ɓuuɓri beton ɓuuɓndi) woni ko e wuro wiyeteengo Ouirgane to maayo N’fis to diiwaan Al Haouz, to leydi Maruk. Baraas oo timminaama e hitaande 2008, ina foti moƴƴinde ndiyam njareteeɗam e ndiyam gollorɗe e nokku biyeteeɗo Marakech.<ref name=":0">"Le barrage Yacoub al Mansour" (in French). Secretariat D'etat Charge de L'eau et de L'environnement. 1 March 2014. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2025.</ref>
== Tariya ==
Laddeeji saraaji Marrakech ina njiyee to bannge worgo baraas oo
Baraas Takerkoust to maayo N'Fis dow Ouirgane, ina rokki ndiyam e nder ladde alluvial to diiwaan Marrakech gila 1935. Sabu vursugol ngol, mbaawka mum ustaama fotde 20 %. Ngam ustude ndee caɗeele, fellitaama mahde baraas to Ouirgane ngam ustude mborosaaji e nder maayo hee haa teeŋti noon e sahaa ilam. Baraas Yacoub el Mansour fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 2008. Caggal ɗuum, wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2009 hollitii wonde tolno silto e nder weeyo Takerkoust ina ustii.<ref>Gourfi, A.; Daoudia, L.; Rhoujjatib, A.; Benkaddourb, A.; Fagel, N. (28 March 2020). "Use of bathymetry and clay mineralogy of reservoir sediment to reconstruct the recent changes in sediment yields from a mountain catchment in the Western High Atlas region, Morocco". Catena. 191 (104560): 1–13 – via Elsevier Science Direct.</ref>
== Limtol ==
Baraas Yacoub el Mansour ko baraas ɓuuɓɗo (BCR) gonɗo e nder komin ladde Ouirgane, toowɗo 830 m (2 720 ft).[3] Ina haɗa maayo N'fis. Toowgol baraas oo ko 70 m (230 ft) e njuuteendi ŋoral mum ko 233 m (764 ft). Baraas oo ina waɗi ɓuuɓol, ɓuuɓol les, ɓuuɓol ndiyam nayi e ɓuuɓol wutte to bannge ñaamo. Pewnugol ngol ina ɗaɓɓi ɓuuɓnude leydi 226 000 m3 (296 000 cu yd) e werlaade 330 000 m3 (430 000 cu yd) beton.<ref name=":0" />
== Reser ==
Weeyo Yaakuub el Mansour, anndiraango kadi weeyo Ouirgane, ina jogii 70 000 000 m3 (92 000 000 cu yd). Nde fawaama ngam ɓeydude ndiyam e nokku Marakech gila e 68 000 000 haa 85 000 000 m3 (89 000 000 haa 111 000 000 cu yd) hitaande kala.<ref name=":0" /> Komin ladde Ouirgane woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo.<ref>"Barrage Yacoub el Mansour". OpenStreetmap. 22 November 2025. Retrieved 22 November 2025.</ref> Reservoir oo ko nokku teskinɗo to Ouirgane. Won laabi yah-ngartaa e saraaji weendu nduu.<ref>Morocco (Revised 2024 ed.). London: Dorling Kindersley. 2002. p. 269. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-2416-7705-6</nowiki>.</ref> Ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam waɗde piknik e liɗɗi.
== Tuugnorgal ==
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'''Barrage Yacoub el Mansour''' (Barage Yacoub el Mansour) ko baraas BCR (ɓuuɓri beton ɓuuɓndi) woni ko e wuro wiyeteengo Ouirgane to maayo N’fis to diiwaan Al Haouz, to leydi Maruk. Baraas oo timminaama e hitaande 2008, ina foti moƴƴinde ndiyam njareteeɗam e ndiyam gollorɗe e nokku biyeteeɗo Marakech.<ref name=":0">"Le barrage Yacoub al Mansour" (in French). Secretariat D'etat Charge de L'eau et de L'environnement. 1 March 2014. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2025.</ref>
== Tariya ==
Laddeeji saraaji Marrakech ina njiyee to bannge worgo baraas oo
Baraas Takerkoust to maayo N'Fis dow Ouirgane, ina rokki ndiyam e nder ladde alluvial to diiwaan Marrakech gila 1935. Sabu vursugol ngol, mbaawka mum ustaama fotde 20 %. Ngam ustude ndee caɗeele, fellitaama mahde baraas to Ouirgane ngam ustude mborosaaji e nder maayo hee haa teeŋti noon e sahaa ilam. Baraas Yacoub el Mansour fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 2008. Caggal ɗuum, wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2009 hollitii wonde tolno silto e nder weeyo Takerkoust ina ustii.<ref>Gourfi, A.; Daoudia, L.; Rhoujjatib, A.; Benkaddourb, A.; Fagel, N. (28 March 2020). "Use of bathymetry and clay mineralogy of reservoir sediment to reconstruct the recent changes in sediment yields from a mountain catchment in the Western High Atlas region, Morocco". Catena. 191 (104560): 1–13 – via Elsevier Science Direct.</ref>
== Limtol ==
Baraas Yacoub el Mansour ko baraas ɓuuɓɗo (BCR) gonɗo e nder komin ladde Ouirgane, toowɗo 830 m (2 720 ft).[3] Ina haɗa maayo N'fis. Toowgol baraas oo ko 70 m (230 ft) e njuuteendi ŋoral mum ko 233 m (764 ft). Baraas oo ina waɗi ɓuuɓol, ɓuuɓol les, ɓuuɓol ndiyam nayi e ɓuuɓol wutte to bannge ñaamo. Pewnugol ngol ina ɗaɓɓi ɓuuɓnude leydi 226 000 m3 (296 000 cu yd) e werlaade 330 000 m3 (430 000 cu yd) beton.<ref name=":0" />
== Reser ==
Weeyo Yaakuub el Mansour, anndiraango kadi weeyo Ouirgane, ina jogii 70 000 000 m3 (92 000 000 cu yd). Nde fawaama ngam ɓeydude ndiyam e nokku Marakech gila e 68 000 000 haa 85 000 000 m3 (89 000 000 haa 111 000 000 cu yd) hitaande kala.<ref name=":0" /> Komin ladde Ouirgane woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo.<ref>"Barrage Yacoub el Mansour". OpenStreetmap. 22 November 2025. Retrieved 22 November 2025.</ref> Reservoir oo ko nokku teskinɗo to Ouirgane. Won laabi yah-ngartaa e saraaji weendu nduu.<ref>Morocco (Revised 2024 ed.). London: Dorling Kindersley. 2002. p. 269. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-2416-7705-6</nowiki>.</ref> Ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam waɗde piknik e liɗɗi.
== Tuugnorgal ==
33f0ztqhrkfan0fch5ya9x8cy8x4o6u
173810
173809
2026-06-17T10:54:06Z
Fulani215
7983
/* Himobe */ fixed typo
173810
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Databox}}
'''Barrage Yacoub el Mansour''' (Barage Yacoub el Mansour) ko baraas BCR (ɓuuɓri beton ɓuuɓndi) woni ko e wuro wiyeteengo Ouirgane to maayo N’fis to diiwaan Al Haouz, to leydi Maruk. Baraas oo timminaama e hitaande 2008, ina foti moƴƴinde ndiyam njareteeɗam e ndiyam gollorɗe e nokku biyeteeɗo Marakech.<ref name=":0">"Le barrage Yacoub al Mansour" (in French). Secretariat D'etat Charge de L'eau et de L'environnement. 1 March 2014. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2025.</ref>
== Tariya ==
Laddeeji saraaji Marrakech ina njiyee to bannge worgo baraas oo
Baraas Takerkoust to maayo N'Fis dow Ouirgane, ina rokki ndiyam e nder ladde alluvial to diiwaan Marrakech gila 1935. Sabu vursugol ngol, mbaawka mum ustaama fotde 20 %. Ngam ustude ndee caɗeele, fellitaama mahde baraas to Ouirgane ngam ustude mborosaaji e nder maayo hee haa teeŋti noon e sahaa ilam. Baraas Yacoub el Mansour fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 2008. Caggal ɗuum, wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2009 hollitii wonde tolno silto e nder weeyo Takerkoust ina ustii.<ref>Gourfi, A.; Daoudia, L.; Rhoujjatib, A.; Benkaddourb, A.; Fagel, N. (28 March 2020). "Use of bathymetry and clay mineralogy of reservoir sediment to reconstruct the recent changes in sediment yields from a mountain catchment in the Western High Atlas region, Morocco". Catena. 191 (104560): 1–13 – via Elsevier Science Direct.</ref>
== Limtol ==
Baraas Yacoub el Mansour ko baraas ɓuuɓɗo (BCR) gonɗo e nder komin ladde Ouirgane, toowɗo 830 m (2 720 ft).[3] Ina haɗa maayo N'fis. Toowgol baraas oo ko 70 m (230 ft) e njuuteendi ŋoral mum ko 233 m (764 ft). Baraas oo ina waɗi ɓuuɓol, ɓuuɓol les, ɓuuɓol ndiyam nayi e ɓuuɓol wutte to bannge ñaamo. Pewnugol ngol ina ɗaɓɓi ɓuuɓnude leydi 226 000 m3 (296 000 cu yd) e werlaade 330 000 m3 (430 000 cu yd) beton.<ref name=":0" />
== Reser ==
Weeyo Yaakuub el Mansour, anndiraango kadi weeyo Ouirgane, ina jogii 70 000 000 m3 (92 000 000 cu yd). Nde fawaama ngam ɓeydude ndiyam e nokku Marakech gila e 68 000 000 haa 85 000 000 m3 (89 000 000 haa 111 000 000 cu yd) hitaande kala.<ref name=":0" /> Komin ladde Ouirgane woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo.<ref>"Barrage Yacoub el Mansour". OpenStreetmap. 22 November 2025. Retrieved 22 November 2025.</ref> Reservoir oo ko nokku teskinɗo to Ouirgane. Won laabi yah-ngartaa e saraaji weendu nduu.<ref>Morocco (Revised 2024 ed.). London: Dorling Kindersley. 2002. p. 269. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-2416-7705-6</nowiki>.</ref> Ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam waɗde piknik e liɗɗi.
== Himobe==
ftsr8qs1d2pkbk99l33mj3iu59q1oxh
173812
173810
2026-06-17T10:54:48Z
Fulani215
7983
/* Tariya */ fixed typo
173812
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Databox}}
'''Barrage Yacoub el Mansour''' (Barage Yacoub el Mansour) ko baraas BCR (ɓuuɓri beton ɓuuɓndi) woni ko e wuro wiyeteengo Ouirgane to maayo N’fis to diiwaan Al Haouz, to leydi Maruk. Baraas oo timminaama e hitaande 2008, ina foti moƴƴinde ndiyam njareteeɗam e ndiyam gollorɗe e nokku biyeteeɗo Marakech.<ref name=":0">"Le barrage Yacoub al Mansour" (in French). Secretariat D'etat Charge de L'eau et de L'environnement. 1 March 2014. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2025.</ref>
== Tariya ==
Laddeeji saraaji Marrakech ina njiyee to bannge worgo baraas oo Baraas Takerkoust to maayo N'Fis dow Ouirgane, ina rokki ndiyam e nder ladde alluvial to diiwaan Marrakech gila 1935. Sabu vursugol ngol, mbaawka mum ustaama fotde 20 %. Ngam ustude ndee caɗeele, fellitaama mahde baraas to Ouirgane ngam ustude mborosaaji e nder maayo hee haa teeŋti noon e sahaa ilam. Baraas Yacoub el Mansour fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 2008. Caggal ɗuum, wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2009 hollitii wonde tolno silto e nder weeyo Takerkoust ina ustii.<ref>Gourfi, A.; Daoudia, L.; Rhoujjatib, A.; Benkaddourb, A.; Fagel, N. (28 March 2020). "Use of bathymetry and clay mineralogy of reservoir sediment to reconstruct the recent changes in sediment yields from a mountain catchment in the Western High Atlas region, Morocco". Catena. 191 (104560): 1–13 – via Elsevier Science Direct.</ref>
== Limtol ==
Baraas Yacoub el Mansour ko baraas ɓuuɓɗo (BCR) gonɗo e nder komin ladde Ouirgane, toowɗo 830 m (2 720 ft).[3] Ina haɗa maayo N'fis. Toowgol baraas oo ko 70 m (230 ft) e njuuteendi ŋoral mum ko 233 m (764 ft). Baraas oo ina waɗi ɓuuɓol, ɓuuɓol les, ɓuuɓol ndiyam nayi e ɓuuɓol wutte to bannge ñaamo. Pewnugol ngol ina ɗaɓɓi ɓuuɓnude leydi 226 000 m3 (296 000 cu yd) e werlaade 330 000 m3 (430 000 cu yd) beton.<ref name=":0" />
== Reser ==
Weeyo Yaakuub el Mansour, anndiraango kadi weeyo Ouirgane, ina jogii 70 000 000 m3 (92 000 000 cu yd). Nde fawaama ngam ɓeydude ndiyam e nokku Marakech gila e 68 000 000 haa 85 000 000 m3 (89 000 000 haa 111 000 000 cu yd) hitaande kala.<ref name=":0" /> Komin ladde Ouirgane woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo.<ref>"Barrage Yacoub el Mansour". OpenStreetmap. 22 November 2025. Retrieved 22 November 2025.</ref> Reservoir oo ko nokku teskinɗo to Ouirgane. Won laabi yah-ngartaa e saraaji weendu nduu.<ref>Morocco (Revised 2024 ed.). London: Dorling Kindersley. 2002. p. 269. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-2416-7705-6</nowiki>.</ref> Ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam waɗde piknik e liɗɗi.
== Himobe==
2fp8bepicjtu3i4a6kt5hfkbswdmix4
173814
173812
2026-06-17T10:55:46Z
Fulani215
7983
/* Reser */ fixed typo
173814
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Databox}}
'''Barrage Yacoub el Mansour''' (Barage Yacoub el Mansour) ko baraas BCR (ɓuuɓri beton ɓuuɓndi) woni ko e wuro wiyeteengo Ouirgane to maayo N’fis to diiwaan Al Haouz, to leydi Maruk. Baraas oo timminaama e hitaande 2008, ina foti moƴƴinde ndiyam njareteeɗam e ndiyam gollorɗe e nokku biyeteeɗo Marakech.<ref name=":0">"Le barrage Yacoub al Mansour" (in French). Secretariat D'etat Charge de L'eau et de L'environnement. 1 March 2014. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2025.</ref>
== Tariya ==
Laddeeji saraaji Marrakech ina njiyee to bannge worgo baraas oo Baraas Takerkoust to maayo N'Fis dow Ouirgane, ina rokki ndiyam e nder ladde alluvial to diiwaan Marrakech gila 1935. Sabu vursugol ngol, mbaawka mum ustaama fotde 20 %. Ngam ustude ndee caɗeele, fellitaama mahde baraas to Ouirgane ngam ustude mborosaaji e nder maayo hee haa teeŋti noon e sahaa ilam. Baraas Yacoub el Mansour fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 2008. Caggal ɗuum, wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2009 hollitii wonde tolno silto e nder weeyo Takerkoust ina ustii.<ref>Gourfi, A.; Daoudia, L.; Rhoujjatib, A.; Benkaddourb, A.; Fagel, N. (28 March 2020). "Use of bathymetry and clay mineralogy of reservoir sediment to reconstruct the recent changes in sediment yields from a mountain catchment in the Western High Atlas region, Morocco". Catena. 191 (104560): 1–13 – via Elsevier Science Direct.</ref>
== Limtol ==
Baraas Yacoub el Mansour ko baraas ɓuuɓɗo (BCR) gonɗo e nder komin ladde Ouirgane, toowɗo 830 m (2 720 ft).[3] Ina haɗa maayo N'fis. Toowgol baraas oo ko 70 m (230 ft) e njuuteendi ŋoral mum ko 233 m (764 ft). Baraas oo ina waɗi ɓuuɓol, ɓuuɓol les, ɓuuɓol ndiyam nayi e ɓuuɓol wutte to bannge ñaamo. Pewnugol ngol ina ɗaɓɓi ɓuuɓnude leydi 226 000 m3 (296 000 cu yd) e werlaade 330 000 m3 (430 000 cu yd) beton.<ref name=":0" />
== Reser ==
Weeyo Yaakuub el Mansour, anndiraango kadi weeyo Ouirgane, ina jogii 70 000 000 m92 000 000 cu yd). Nde fawaama ngam ɓeydude ndiyam e nokku Marakech gila e 68 000 000 haa 85 000 000 m3 (89 000 000 haa 111 000 000 cu yd) hitaande kala.<ref name=":0" /> Komin ladde Ouirgane woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo.<ref>"Barrage Yacoub el Mansour". OpenStreetmap. 22 November 2025. Retrieved 22 November 2025.</ref> Reservoir oo ko nokku teskinɗo to Ouirgane. Won laabi yah-ngartaa e saraaji weendu nduu.<ref>Morocco (Revised 2024 ed.). London: Dorling Kindersley. 2002. p. 269. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-2416-7705-6</nowiki>.</ref> Ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam waɗde piknik e liɗɗi.
== Himobe==
bx7yw995vu42rjwa0hlg75ew6hgeekf
173815
173814
2026-06-17T10:56:19Z
Fulani215
7983
/* */ fixed typo
173815
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Databox}}
'''Barrage Yacoub el Mansour''' (Barage Yacoub el Mansour) ko baraas BCR (ɓuuɓri beton ɓuuɓndi) woni ko e wuro wiyeteengo Ouirgane to maayo N’fis to diiwaan Al Haouz, to leydi Maruk. Baraas oo timminaama e hitaande 2008, ina foti moƴƴinde ndiyam njareteeɗam e ndiyam gollorɗe e nokku biyeteeɗo Marakech.<ref name=":0">"Le barrage Yacoub al Mansour" (in French). Secretariat D'etat Charge de L'eau et de L'environnement. 1 March 2014. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2025.</ref>
== Tariya ==
Laddeeji saraaji Marrakech ina njiyee to bannge worgo baraas oo Baraas Takerkoust to maayo N'Fis dow Ouirgane, ina rokki ndiyam e nder ladde alluvial to diiwaan Marrakech gila 1935. Sabu vursugol ngol, mbaawka mum ustaama fotde 20 %. Ngam ustude ndee caɗeele, fellitaama mahde baraas to Ouirgane ngam ustude mborosaaji e nder maayo hee haa teeŋti noon e sahaa ilam. Baraas Yacoub el Mansour fuɗɗii golle ko e hitaande 2008. Caggal ɗuum, wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2009 hollitii wonde tolno silto e nder weeyo Takerkoust ina ustii.<ref>Gourfi, A.; Daoudia, L.; Rhoujjatib, A.; Benkaddourb, A.; Fagel, N. (28 March 2020). "Use of bathymetry and clay mineralogy of reservoir sediment to reconstruct the recent changes in sediment yields from a mountain catchment in the Western High Atlas region, Morocco". Catena. 191 (104560): 1–13 – via Elsevier Science Direct.</ref>
== Limtol ==
Baraas Yacoub el Mansour ko baraas ɓuuɓɗo (BCR) gonɗo e nder komin ladde Ouirgane, toowɗo 830 m (2 720 ft).[3] Ina haɗa maayo N'fis. Toowgol baraas oo ko 70 m (230 ft) e njuuteendi ŋoral mum ko 233 m (764 ft). Baraas oo ina waɗi ɓuuɓol, ɓuuɓol les, ɓuuɓol ndiyam nayi e ɓuuɓol wutte to bannge ñaamo. Pewnugol ngol ina ɗaɓɓi ɓuuɓnude leydi 226 000 m3 (296 000 cu yd) e werlaade 330 000 m3 (430 000 cu yd) beton.<ref name=":0" />
== Reser ==
Weeyo Yaakuub el Mansour, anndiraango kadi weeyo Ouirgane, ina jogii 70 000 000 m92 000 000 cu yd). Nde fawaama ngam ɓeydude ndiyam e nokku Marakech gila e 68 000 000 haa 85 000 000 m3 (89 000 000 haa 111 000 000 cu yd) hitaande kala.<ref name=":0" /> Komin ladde Ouirgane woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo.<ref>"Barrage Yacoub el Mansour". OpenStreetmap. 22 November 2025. Retrieved 22 November 2025.</ref> Reservoir oo ko nokku teskinɗo to Ouirgane. Won laabi yah-ngartaa e saraaji weendu nduu.<ref>Morocco (Revised 2024 ed.). London: Dorling Kindersley. 2002. p. 269. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-2416-7705-6</nowiki>.</ref> Ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam waɗde piknik e liɗɗi.
== Himobe==
l48ob8x7qf5xo8n5wdciu7kczyuzzxh
Ken Ng
0
42138
173819
2026-06-17T11:09:24Z
Ilya Discuss
10103
#1Lib1Ref
173819
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Ken Ng (e ɗemngal Sinuwaa : 伍連 ; ɗemngal Jyutping : Ng5 Gin6 ; ɗemngal Kanton : [ŋ̬̍ kìːn] ; jibinaa ko ñalnde 1 marse 1951) ko hooreejo fedde wiyeteende Kitchee, fedde wiyeteende Ligue 1 Hong Kong. Ko o gonnooɗo ñaawoowo, gonnooɗo tergal e yiilirde Division gadane Hong Kong. Ng, wondude e Steven Lo, Chan Man Chun, e Chan Tin Yau, sosi goomu peewnugol sosde Ligue 1.
Ng wonti gardiiɗo mawɗo Kitchee e hitaande 2000, e les njiimaandi makko fedde nde ƴetti Division gadano e hitaande 2003.
Tuugnorgal
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173820
173819
2026-06-17T11:10:55Z
Ilya Discuss
10103
#1Lib1Ref
173820
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Ken Ng (e ɗemngal Sinuwaa : 伍連 ; ɗemngal Jyutping : Ng5 Gin6 ; ɗemngal Kanton : [ŋ̬̍ kìːn] ; jibinaa ko ñalnde 1 marse 1951) ko hooreejo fedde wiyeteende Kitchee, fedde wiyeteende Ligue 1 Hong Kong. Ko o gonnooɗo ñaawoowo, g
{{Databox}}
onnooɗo tergal e yiilirde Division gadane Hong Kong. Ng, wondude e Steven Lo, Chan Man Chun, e Chan Tin Yau, sosi goomu peewnugol sosde Ligue 1.
Ng wonti gardiiɗo mawɗo Kitchee e hitaande 2000, e les njiimaandi makko fedde nde ƴetti Division gadano e hitaande 2003.
Tuugnorgal
35riztek7qo8x2g6nhmrodr9kohzb82
173821
173820
2026-06-17T11:11:43Z
Ilya Discuss
10103
#1Lib1Ref
173821
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Ken Ng''' (e ɗemngal Sinuwaa : 伍連 ; ɗemngal Jyutping : Ng5 Gin6 ; ɗemngal Kanton : [ŋ̬̍ kìːn] ; jibinaa ko ñalnde 1 marse 1951) ko hooreejo fedde wiyeteende Kitchee, fedde wiyeteende Ligue 1 Hong Kong. Ko o gonnooɗo ñaawoowo, g
{{Databox}}
onnooɗo tergal e yiilirde Division gadane Hong Kong. Ng, wondude e Steven Lo, Chan Man Chun, e Chan Tin Yau, sosi goomu peewnugol sosde Ligue 1.
Ng wonti gardiiɗo mawɗo Kitchee e hitaande 2000, e les njiimaandi makko fedde nde ƴetti Division gadano e hitaande 2003.
== Tuugnorgal ==
pw7etgawoq5ge43gc1tije18dl17fkk
173822
173821
2026-06-17T11:13:01Z
Ilya Discuss
10103
#1Lib1Ref
173822
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Ken Ng''' (e ɗemngal Sinuwaa : 伍連 ; ɗemngal Jyutping : Ng5 Gin6 ; ɗemngal Kanton : [ŋ̬̍ kìːn] ; jibinaa ko ñalnde 1 marse 1951) ko hooreejo fedde wiyeteende Kitchee, fedde wiyeteende Ligue 1 Hong Kong. Ko o gonnooɗo ñaawoowo, g
{{Databox}}
onnooɗo tergal e yiilirde Division gadane Hong Kong. Ng, wondude e Steven Lo, Chan Man Chun, e Chan Tin Yau, sosi goomu peewnugol sosde Ligue 1.<ref>{{in lang|zh}} [http://kitchee.com/index.php?s=history.php 傑志足球隊 球會歷史]</ref>
Ng wonti gardiiɗo mawɗo Kitchee e hitaande 2000, e les njiimaandi makko fedde nde ƴetti Division gadano e hitaande 2003.
== Tuugnorgal ==
e823n0vsda0emugv32i4lnzru39xy2i
173830
173822
2026-06-17T11:22:52Z
Fulani215
7983
/* Himobe */ fixed typo
173830
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Ken Ng''' (e ɗemngal Sinuwaa : 伍連 ; ɗemngal Jyutping : Ng5 Gin6 ; ɗemngal Kanton : [ŋ̬̍ kìːn] ; jibinaa ko ñalnde 1 marse 1951) ko hooreejo fedde wiyeteende Kitchee, fedde wiyeteende Ligue 1 Hong Kong. Ko o gonnooɗo ñaawoowo, g
{{Databox}}
onnooɗo tergal e yiilirde Division gadane Hong Kong. Ng, wondude e Steven Lo, Chan Man Chun, e Chan Tin Yau, sosi goomu peewnugol sosde Ligue 1.<ref>{{in lang|zh}} [http://kitchee.com/index.php?s=history.php 傑志足球隊 球會歷史]</ref>
Ng wonti gardiiɗo mawɗo Kitchee e hitaande 2000, e les njiimaandi makko fedde nde ƴetti Division gadano e hitaande 2003.
== Himobe==
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173831
173830
2026-06-17T11:24:59Z
Fulani215
7983
/* */ fixed typo
173831
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Databox}}
'''Ken Ng''' (e ɗemngal Sinuwaa : 伍連 ; ɗemngal Jyutping : Ng5 Gin6 ; ɗemngal Kanton : [ŋ̬̍ kìːn] ; jibinaa ko ñalnde 1 marse 1951) ko hooreejo fedde wiyeteende Kitchee, fedde wiyeteende Ligue 1 Hong Kong. Ko o gonnooɗo ñaawoowo, onnooɗo tergal e yiilirde Division gadane Hong Kong. Ng, wondude e Steven Lo, Chan Man Chun, e Chan Tin Yau, sosi goomu peewnugol sosde Ligue Ng wonti gardiiɗo mawɗo Kitchee e hitaande 2000, e les njiimaandi makko fedde nde ƴetti Division gadano e hitaande 2003.
== Himobe==
rcxrtbdo78qwopxl7t00nqod9goyv6g
Kieron Nicholls
0
42139
173823
2026-06-17T11:15:45Z
Ilya Discuss
10103
#1Lib1Ref
173823
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Kieron Nicholls ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo diɗɗal fuku koyɗe leydi Ostarali e nder fedde fuku koyɗe leydi Ostarali. O ardiima 154 pottital e nder nguurndam makko e nder AFL hakkunde 1996 e nde o woppi golle e hitaande 2008. O ardii ko e duuɓi 16 e nder Ligue de Football District Riddell, o ardii kadi e hitaande 1994 e nder Final Grand Final Fedde Fulɓe Victoria.
Teskorɗe les
ov5fv4ntisl1g3ja9pirumg8lupy4a8
173824
173823
2026-06-17T11:16:28Z
Ilya Discuss
10103
#1Lib1Ref
173824
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'''Kieron Nicholls''' ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo diɗɗal fuku koyɗe leydi Ostarali e nder fedde fuku koyɗe leydi Ostarali. O ardiima 154 pottital e nder nguurndam makko e nder AFL hakkunde 1996 e nde o woppi golle e hitaande 2008. O ardii ko e duuɓi 16 e nder Ligue de Football District Riddell, o ardii kadi e hitaande 1994 e nder Final Grand Final Fedde Fulɓe Victoria.
== Teskorɗe les ==
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'''Kieron Nicholls''' ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo diɗɗal fuku koyɗe leydi Ostarali e nder fedde fuku koyɗe leydi Ostarali. O ardiima 154 pottital e nder nguurndam makko e nder AFL hakkunde 1996 e nde o woppi golle e hitaande 2008. O ardii ko e duuɓi 16 e nder Ligue de Football District Riddell, o ardii kadi e hitaande 1994 e nder Final Grand Final Fedde Fulɓe Victoria.
== Teskorɗe les ==
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'''Kieron Nicholls''' ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo diɗɗal fuku koyɗe leydi Ostarali e nder fedde fuku koyɗe leydi Ostarali. O ardiima 154 pottital e nder nguurndam makko e nder AFL hakkunde 1996 e nde o woppi golle e hitaande 2008. O ardii ko e duuɓi 16 e nder Ligue de Football District Riddell, o ardii kadi e hitaande 1994 e nder Final Grand Final Fedde Fulɓe Victoria.<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207064850/http://aflua.com.au/index.asp?d=5A4C5A717251477C7008060A010502|archivedate=7 February 2009|url=http://www.aflua.com.au/index.asp?d=5A4C5A717251477C7008060A010502|title=AFLUA Statistics}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Blowing the whistle on pressure|first=David|last=Adams|date=5 July 2006|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/employment-news/blowing-the-whistle-on-pressure/2006/07/04/1151778933933.html?page=fullpage|archive-date=1 April 2016|access-date=25 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401035228/http://www.theage.com.au/news/employment-news/blowing-the-whistle-on-pressure/2006/07/04/1151778933933.html?page=fullpage|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riddellumpires.com.au/index.php/en/news/latest-news/92-two-great-umpires-two-very-different-paths|title=Two Great Umpires. Two Very Different Paths|date=14 August 2014|first=Chris|last=Stead|access-date=25 September 2014|archive-date=4 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150304204632/http://riddellumpires.com.au/index.php/en/news/latest-news/92-two-great-umpires-two-very-different-paths|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="GF1">{{cite news|newspaper=The Age|publication-place=Melbourne, VIC|author=Stewart Oldfield|page=30|date=26 September 1994|title=Zebras fight back to grab flag}}</ref>
== Teskorɗe les ==
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'''Kieron Nicholls''' ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo diɗɗal fuku koyɗe leydi Ostarali e nder fedde fuku koyɗe leydi Ostarali. O ardiima 154 pottital e nder nguurndam makko e nder AFL hakkunde 1996 e nde o woppi golle e hitaande 2008. O ardii ko e duuɓi 16 e nder Ligue de Football District Riddell, o ardii kadi e hitaande 1994 e nder Final Grand Final Fedde Fulɓe Victoria.<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207064850/http://aflua.com.au/index.asp?d=5A4C5A717251477C7008060A010502|archivedate=7 February 2009|url=http://www.aflua.com.au/index.asp?d=5A4C5A717251477C7008060A010502|title=AFLUA Statistics}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Blowing the whistle on pressure|first=David|last=Adams|date=5 July 2006|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/employment-news/blowing-the-whistle-on-pressure/2006/07/04/1151778933933.html?page=fullpage|archive-date=1 April 2016|access-date=25 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401035228/http://www.theage.com.au/news/employment-news/blowing-the-whistle-on-pressure/2006/07/04/1151778933933.html?page=fullpage|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riddellumpires.com.au/index.php/en/news/latest-news/92-two-great-umpires-two-very-different-paths|title=Two Great Umpires. Two Very Different Paths|date=14 August 2014|first=Chris|last=Stead|access-date=25 September 2014|archive-date=4 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150304204632/http://riddellumpires.com.au/index.php/en/news/latest-news/92-two-great-umpires-two-very-different-paths|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="GF1">{{cite news|newspaper=The Age|publication-place=Melbourne, VIC|author=Stewart Oldfield|page=30|date=26 September 1994|title=Zebras fight back to grab flag}}</ref>
== Himobe ==
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Fulani215
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'''Kieron Nicholls''' ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo diɗɗal fuku koyɗe leydi Ostarali e nder fedde fuku koyɗe leydi Ostarali. O ardiima 154 pottital e nder nguurndam makko e nder AFL hakkunde 1996 e nde o woppi golle e hitaande 2008. O ardii ko e duuɓi 16 e nder Ligue de Football District Riddell, o ardii kadi e hitaande 1994 e nder Final Grand Final Fedde Fulɓe Victoria.
== Himobe ==
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