Audu Ogbeh

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      <text bytes="3637" sha1="e0pvwdk289hh6wmpif2gxnm7henmbnx" xml:space="preserve">Audu Innocent Ogbeh OFR (heɗtoR; 28 lewru juko 1947 – 9 lewru ut 2025) ko demoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji e dawrugol leydi Nijeer, o woniino jaagorgal ndema e ƴellitaare teeru gila 2015 haa 2019. O woniino hooreejo lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi gila Ja2.010 o woni jaagorgal jokkondiral e nder leydi Najeriya ɗiɗaɓiri tuggi 1982 haa 1983.

Ɓawo

Ogbeh jibinaa ko ñalnde 28 sulyee 1947, to diiwaan Benue hannde oo. O jeyaa ko e iwdi Idoma. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, Lagos tuggi 1967 haa 1969, caggal ɗuum o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, Zaria tuggi 1969 haa 1972 e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Toulouse, Farayse tuggi 1973 haa 1974. O jannginii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde, Ahmadu to Bello19, to Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Zaria he92, departemaa ganndal neɗɗankaagal, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Murtala to bannge ganndal e karallaagal tuggi 1977 haa 1979.

Ñalnde 9 lewru bowte hitaande 2025, ɓesngu Ogbeh hollitii e njuɓɓudi teleeji leydi Najeriya wonde o maayi ko adii ñalngu nguu. O mari duuɓi 78.

Golle politik

E hitaande 1979, o suɓii hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji lesdi Benue dow Platform Parti National Nigeria (NPN), o warti cukko hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji. E hitaande 1982, o toɗɗaa jaagorgal jokkondiral fedde nde, caggal ɗuum o wonti jaagorgal ƴellitaare njamndi. Manndaa makko joofi ko e lewru Duujal 1983, nde kuudetaa militeer en ngari Seneraal Major Muhammadu Buhari e laamu.

Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2001, Ogbeh toɗɗaa hooreejo leydi lannda PDP, o lomtii mawɗo lannda Barnabas Gemade. Nde o naamndaa hol no o fotnoo balance jokkondiral makko e hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo e ardiiɓe lannda, Ogbeh hollitii &quot;miɗo jogii miijooji am e ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe annduɓe mi ina nganndi mi meeɗaa waawde no feewi cheaply compromise e ɗeen miijooji. Mi anniyaaki bullying hooreejo leydi e cukko hooreejo leydi goɗɗo to ɓe, walla miɗo anniya hakkunde maɓɓe e sahaa gooto, walla miɗo anniya ɓe cujjan hujjaaji ɓurɗi mawnude.&quot;

E nder gardagol makko, Ogbeh ina joginoo jokkondire tiiɗɗe e Obasanjo, ina wallitnoo hooreejo leydi ndii e won e geɗe ngenndiije, ina ñiŋa mo e yeeso yimɓe fof e geɗe goɗɗe. E lewru Duujal 2004, e nder caɗeele politik to Anambra caggal nde guwerneer Chris Ngige nanngaa gadano e lewru sulyee 2003, Ogbeh neldi ɓataake feewde e Obasanjo ngam ñiŋde no o jogori huutoraade ngonka ka. Lewru rewndu nduu, ko kaalirde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Oluremi Oyo habri deƴƴere makko.

Ogbeh hollitii wonde o woppii golle ɗee ko ngam haɗde luural e nder lannda ka, kadi ko sabu yiɗde hootde e ndema. Kono, haala jaajka ina hollita wonde Obasanjo ina mettini e ɓataake Ogbeh, won heen ciimtol ina hollita wonde hooreejo leydi oo yilliima Ogbeh to galle galle mum e puɗal lewru Yarkomaa 2005, caggal nde o ñaami yamre ɓuuɓnde, o dogi siynude ɓataake deƴƴere. Konte goɗɗe ina kollita wonde o nanngaama e njillu nguu. Kono Ogbeh yedditii ɗeen haalaaji e hitaande 2018, o wiyi ɗe « fenaande laaɓtunde e fenaande ».

Caggal nde o woppi laamu, hooreejo leydi Obasanjo toɗɗii Ogbeh yo won jaagorgal makko keeringal to bannge ndema.

Caggal golle

E lewru desaambar 2005, Ogbeh woppi laamu PDP e dow laawol.

Tuggi hitaande 2009, o woniino hooreejo e gardiiɗo fedde wiyeteende Efugo Farms, to Makurdi, kadi ko o tergal fedde wiyeteende Fedde nde, nde jooɗii ko to Philadelphie, to Dental Dowlaaji Amerik.

Golle binndol

O winndii pijirlooji joy, heen tati njaltinaama e nguurndam makko. Gooto e majje, wiyeteende « Epitaphe de Simon Kisulu » , hollitaama to nokku biyeteeɗo Muson e hitaande 2002.

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      <text bytes="3648" sha1="mmi6s4iq3n9jcxr1k7w885qnls83edd" xml:space="preserve">'''Audu Innocent Ogbeh OFR''' (heɗtoR; 28 lewru juko 1947 – 9 lewru ut 2025) ko demoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji e dawrugol leydi Nijeer, o woniino jaagorgal ndema e ƴellitaare teeru gila 2015 haa 2019. O woniino hooreejo lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi gila Ja2.010 o woni jaagorgal jokkondiral e nder leydi Najeriya ɗiɗaɓiri tuggi 1982 haa 1983.

== Ɓawo ==
Ogbeh jibinaa ko ñalnde 28 sulyee 1947, to diiwaan Benue hannde oo. O jeyaa ko e iwdi Idoma. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, Lagos tuggi 1967 haa 1969, caggal ɗuum o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, Zaria tuggi 1969 haa 1972 e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Toulouse, Farayse tuggi 1973 haa 1974. O jannginii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde, Ahmadu to Bello19, to Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Zaria he92, departemaa ganndal neɗɗankaagal, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Murtala to bannge ganndal e karallaagal tuggi 1977 haa 1979.

Ñalnde 9 lewru bowte hitaande 2025, ɓesngu Ogbeh hollitii e njuɓɓudi teleeji leydi Najeriya wonde o maayi ko adii ñalngu nguu. O mari duuɓi 78.

Golle politik

E hitaande 1979, o suɓii hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji lesdi Benue dow Platform Parti National Nigeria (NPN), o warti cukko hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji. E hitaande 1982, o toɗɗaa jaagorgal jokkondiral fedde nde, caggal ɗuum o wonti jaagorgal ƴellitaare njamndi. Manndaa makko joofi ko e lewru Duujal 1983, nde kuudetaa militeer en ngari Seneraal Major Muhammadu Buhari e laamu.

Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2001, Ogbeh toɗɗaa hooreejo leydi lannda PDP, o lomtii mawɗo lannda Barnabas Gemade. Nde o naamndaa hol no o fotnoo balance jokkondiral makko e hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo e ardiiɓe lannda, Ogbeh hollitii &quot;miɗo jogii miijooji am e ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe annduɓe mi ina nganndi mi meeɗaa waawde no feewi cheaply compromise e ɗeen miijooji. Mi anniyaaki bullying hooreejo leydi e cukko hooreejo leydi goɗɗo to ɓe, walla miɗo anniya hakkunde maɓɓe e sahaa gooto, walla miɗo anniya ɓe cujjan hujjaaji ɓurɗi mawnude.&quot;

E nder gardagol makko, Ogbeh ina joginoo jokkondire tiiɗɗe e Obasanjo, ina wallitnoo hooreejo leydi ndii e won e geɗe ngenndiije, ina ñiŋa mo e yeeso yimɓe fof e geɗe goɗɗe. E lewru Duujal 2004, e nder caɗeele politik to Anambra caggal nde guwerneer Chris Ngige nanngaa gadano e lewru sulyee 2003, Ogbeh neldi ɓataake feewde e Obasanjo ngam ñiŋde no o jogori huutoraade ngonka ka. Lewru rewndu nduu, ko kaalirde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Oluremi Oyo habri deƴƴere makko.

Ogbeh hollitii wonde o woppii golle ɗee ko ngam haɗde luural e nder lannda ka, kadi ko sabu yiɗde hootde e ndema. Kono, haala jaajka ina hollita wonde Obasanjo ina mettini e ɓataake Ogbeh, won heen ciimtol ina hollita wonde hooreejo leydi oo yilliima Ogbeh to galle galle mum e puɗal lewru Yarkomaa 2005, caggal nde o ñaami yamre ɓuuɓnde, o dogi siynude ɓataake deƴƴere. Konte goɗɗe ina kollita wonde o nanngaama e njillu nguu. Kono Ogbeh yedditii ɗeen haalaaji e hitaande 2018, o wiyi ɗe « fenaande laaɓtunde e fenaande ».

Caggal nde o woppi laamu, hooreejo leydi Obasanjo toɗɗii Ogbeh yo won jaagorgal makko keeringal to bannge ndema.

Caggal golle

E lewru desaambar 2005, Ogbeh woppi laamu PDP e dow laawol.

Tuggi hitaande 2009, o woniino hooreejo e gardiiɗo fedde wiyeteende Efugo Farms, to Makurdi, kadi ko o tergal fedde wiyeteende Fedde nde, nde jooɗii ko to Philadelphie, to Dental Dowlaaji Amerik.

Golle binndol

O winndii pijirlooji joy, heen tati njaltinaama e nguurndam makko. Gooto e majje, wiyeteende « Epitaphe de Simon Kisulu » , hollitaama to nokku biyeteeɗo Muson e hitaande 2002.

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      <text bytes="3669" sha1="853it2mohvvyezwrzonr2b7itsyqvo5" xml:space="preserve">'''Audu Innocent Ogbeh OFR''' (heɗtoR; 28 lewru juko 1947 – 9 lewru ut 2025) ko demoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji e dawrugol leydi Nijeer, o woniino jaagorgal ndema e ƴellitaare teeru gila 2015 haa 2019. O woniino hooreejo lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi gila Ja2.010 o woni jaagorgal jokkondiral e nder leydi Najeriya ɗiɗaɓiri tuggi 1982 haa 1983.

== Ɓawo ==
Ogbeh jibinaa ko ñalnde 28 sulyee 1947, to diiwaan Benue hannde oo. O jeyaa ko e iwdi Idoma. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, Lagos tuggi 1967 haa 1969, caggal ɗuum o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, Zaria tuggi 1969 haa 1972 e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Toulouse, Farayse tuggi 1973 haa 1974. O jannginii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde, Ahmadu to Bello19, to Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Zaria he92, departemaa ganndal neɗɗankaagal, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Murtala to bannge ganndal e karallaagal tuggi 1977 haa 1979.

Ñalnde 9 lewru bowte hitaande 2025, ɓesngu Ogbeh hollitii e njuɓɓudi teleeji leydi Najeriya wonde o maayi ko adii ñalngu nguu. O mari duuɓi 78.

== Golle politik ==
E hitaande 1979, o suɓii hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji lesdi Benue dow Platform Parti National Nigeria (NPN), o warti cukko hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji. E hitaande 1982, o toɗɗaa jaagorgal jokkondiral fedde nde, caggal ɗuum o wonti jaagorgal ƴellitaare njamndi. Manndaa makko joofi ko e lewru Duujal 1983, nde kuudetaa militeer en ngari Seneraal Major Muhammadu Buhari e laamu.

Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2001, Ogbeh toɗɗaa hooreejo leydi lannda PDP, o lomtii mawɗo lannda Barnabas Gemade. Nde o naamndaa hol no o fotnoo balance jokkondiral makko e hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo e ardiiɓe lannda, Ogbeh hollitii &quot;miɗo jogii miijooji am e ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe annduɓe mi ina nganndi mi meeɗaa waawde no feewi cheaply compromise e ɗeen miijooji. Mi anniyaaki bullying hooreejo leydi e cukko hooreejo leydi goɗɗo to ɓe, walla miɗo anniya hakkunde maɓɓe e sahaa gooto, walla miɗo anniya ɓe cujjan hujjaaji ɓurɗi mawnude.&quot;

E nder gardagol makko, Ogbeh ina joginoo jokkondire tiiɗɗe e Obasanjo, ina wallitnoo hooreejo leydi ndii e won e geɗe ngenndiije, ina ñiŋa mo e yeeso yimɓe fof e geɗe goɗɗe. E lewru Duujal 2004, e nder caɗeele politik to Anambra caggal nde guwerneer Chris Ngige nanngaa gadano e lewru sulyee 2003, Ogbeh neldi ɓataake feewde e Obasanjo ngam ñiŋde no o jogori huutoraade ngonka ka. Lewru rewndu nduu, ko kaalirde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Oluremi Oyo habri deƴƴere makko.

Ogbeh hollitii wonde o woppii golle ɗee ko ngam haɗde luural e nder lannda ka, kadi ko sabu yiɗde hootde e ndema. Kono, haala jaajka ina hollita wonde Obasanjo ina mettini e ɓataake Ogbeh, won heen ciimtol ina hollita wonde hooreejo leydi oo yilliima Ogbeh to galle galle mum e puɗal lewru Yarkomaa 2005, caggal nde o ñaami yamre ɓuuɓnde, o dogi siynude ɓataake deƴƴere. Konte goɗɗe ina kollita wonde o nanngaama e njillu nguu. Kono Ogbeh yedditii ɗeen haalaaji e hitaande 2018, o wiyi ɗe « fenaande laaɓtunde e fenaande ».

Caggal nde o woppi laamu, hooreejo leydi Obasanjo toɗɗii Ogbeh yo won jaagorgal makko keeringal to bannge ndema.

== Caggal golle ==
E lewru desaambar 2005, Ogbeh woppi laamu PDP e dow laawol.

Tuggi hitaande 2009, o woniino hooreejo e gardiiɗo fedde wiyeteende Efugo Farms, to Makurdi, kadi ko o tergal fedde wiyeteende Fedde nde, nde jooɗii ko to Philadelphie, to Dental Dowlaaji Amerik.

== Golle binndol ==
O winndii pijirlooji joy, heen tati njaltinaama e nguurndam makko. Gooto e majje, wiyeteende « Epitaphe de Simon Kisulu » , hollitaama to nokku biyeteeɗo Muson e hitaande 2002.

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'''Audu Innocent Ogbeh OFR''' (heɗtoR; 28 lewru juko 1947 – 9 lewru ut 2025) ko demoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji e dawrugol leydi Nijeer, o woniino jaagorgal ndema e ƴellitaare teeru gila 2015 haa 2019. O woniino hooreejo lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi gila Ja2.010 o woni jaagorgal jokkondiral e nder leydi Najeriya ɗiɗaɓiri tuggi 1982 haa 1983.

== Ɓawo ==
Ogbeh jibinaa ko ñalnde 28 sulyee 1947, to diiwaan Benue hannde oo. O jeyaa ko e iwdi Idoma. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, Lagos tuggi 1967 haa 1969, caggal ɗuum o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, Zaria tuggi 1969 haa 1972 e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Toulouse, Farayse tuggi 1973 haa 1974. O jannginii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde, Ahmadu to Bello19, to Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Zaria he92, departemaa ganndal neɗɗankaagal, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Murtala to bannge ganndal e karallaagal tuggi 1977 haa 1979.

Ñalnde 9 lewru bowte hitaande 2025, ɓesngu Ogbeh hollitii e njuɓɓudi teleeji leydi Najeriya wonde o maayi ko adii ñalngu nguu. O mari duuɓi 78.

== Golle politik ==
E hitaande 1979, o suɓii hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji lesdi Benue dow Platform Parti National Nigeria (NPN), o warti cukko hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji. E hitaande 1982, o toɗɗaa jaagorgal jokkondiral fedde nde, caggal ɗuum o wonti jaagorgal ƴellitaare njamndi. Manndaa makko joofi ko e lewru Duujal 1983, nde kuudetaa militeer en ngari Seneraal Major Muhammadu Buhari e laamu.

Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2001, Ogbeh toɗɗaa hooreejo leydi lannda PDP, o lomtii mawɗo lannda Barnabas Gemade. Nde o naamndaa hol no o fotnoo balance jokkondiral makko e hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo e ardiiɓe lannda, Ogbeh hollitii &quot;miɗo jogii miijooji am e ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe annduɓe mi ina nganndi mi meeɗaa waawde no feewi cheaply compromise e ɗeen miijooji. Mi anniyaaki bullying hooreejo leydi e cukko hooreejo leydi goɗɗo to ɓe, walla miɗo anniya hakkunde maɓɓe e sahaa gooto, walla miɗo anniya ɓe cujjan hujjaaji ɓurɗi mawnude.&quot;

E nder gardagol makko, Ogbeh ina joginoo jokkondire tiiɗɗe e Obasanjo, ina wallitnoo hooreejo leydi ndii e won e geɗe ngenndiije, ina ñiŋa mo e yeeso yimɓe fof e geɗe goɗɗe. E lewru Duujal 2004, e nder caɗeele politik to Anambra caggal nde guwerneer Chris Ngige nanngaa gadano e lewru sulyee 2003, Ogbeh neldi ɓataake feewde e Obasanjo ngam ñiŋde no o jogori huutoraade ngonka ka. Lewru rewndu nduu, ko kaalirde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Oluremi Oyo habri deƴƴere makko.

Ogbeh hollitii wonde o woppii golle ɗee ko ngam haɗde luural e nder lannda ka, kadi ko sabu yiɗde hootde e ndema. Kono, haala jaajka ina hollita wonde Obasanjo ina mettini e ɓataake Ogbeh, won heen ciimtol ina hollita wonde hooreejo leydi oo yilliima Ogbeh to galle galle mum e puɗal lewru Yarkomaa 2005, caggal nde o ñaami yamre ɓuuɓnde, o dogi siynude ɓataake deƴƴere. Konte goɗɗe ina kollita wonde o nanngaama e njillu nguu. Kono Ogbeh yedditii ɗeen haalaaji e hitaande 2018, o wiyi ɗe « fenaande laaɓtunde e fenaande ».

Caggal nde o woppi laamu, hooreejo leydi Obasanjo toɗɗii Ogbeh yo won jaagorgal makko keeringal to bannge ndema.

== Caggal golle ==
E lewru desaambar 2005, Ogbeh woppi laamu PDP e dow laawol.

Tuggi hitaande 2009, o woniino hooreejo e gardiiɗo fedde wiyeteende Efugo Farms, to Makurdi, kadi ko o tergal fedde wiyeteende Fedde nde, nde jooɗii ko to Philadelphie, to Dental Dowlaaji Amerik.

== Golle binndol ==
O winndii pijirlooji joy, heen tati njaltinaama e nguurndam makko. Gooto e majje, wiyeteende « Epitaphe de Simon Kisulu » , hollitaama to nokku biyeteeɗo Muson e hitaande 2002.

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'''Audu Innocent Ogbeh OFR''' (heɗtoR; 28 lewru juko 1947 – 9 lewru ut 2025) ko demoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji e dawrugol leydi Nijeer, o woniino jaagorgal ndema e ƴellitaare teeru gila 2015 haa 2019. O woniino hooreejo lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi gila Ja2.010 o woni jaagorgal jokkondiral e nder leydi Najeriya ɗiɗaɓiri tuggi 1982 haa 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/342569-18-former-ministers-who-didnt-make-buharis-new-list.html|title=18 former ministers who didn't make Buhari's new list|date=23 July 2019|access-date=13 September 2024|last=Olufemi|first=Alfred|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ɓawo ==
Ogbeh jibinaa ko ñalnde 28 sulyee 1947, to diiwaan Benue hannde oo. O jeyaa ko e iwdi Idoma. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, Lagos tuggi 1967 haa 1969, caggal ɗuum o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, Zaria tuggi 1969 haa 1972 e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Toulouse, Farayse tuggi 1973 haa 1974. O jannginii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde, Ahmadu to Bello19, to Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Zaria he92, departemaa ganndal neɗɗankaagal, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Murtala to bannge ganndal e karallaagal tuggi 1977 haa 1979.

Ñalnde 9 lewru bowte hitaande 2025, ɓesngu Ogbeh hollitii e njuɓɓudi teleeji leydi Najeriya wonde o maayi ko adii ñalngu nguu. O mari duuɓi 78.

== Golle politik ==
E hitaande 1979, o suɓii hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji lesdi Benue dow Platform Parti National Nigeria (NPN), o warti cukko hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji. E hitaande 1982, o toɗɗaa jaagorgal jokkondiral fedde nde, caggal ɗuum o wonti jaagorgal ƴellitaare njamndi. Manndaa makko joofi ko e lewru Duujal 1983, nde kuudetaa militeer en ngari Seneraal Major Muhammadu Buhari e laamu.

Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2001, Ogbeh toɗɗaa hooreejo leydi lannda PDP, o lomtii mawɗo lannda Barnabas Gemade. Nde o naamndaa hol no o fotnoo balance jokkondiral makko e hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo e ardiiɓe lannda, Ogbeh hollitii &quot;miɗo jogii miijooji am e ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe annduɓe mi ina nganndi mi meeɗaa waawde no feewi cheaply compromise e ɗeen miijooji. Mi anniyaaki bullying hooreejo leydi e cukko hooreejo leydi goɗɗo to ɓe, walla miɗo anniya hakkunde maɓɓe e sahaa gooto, walla miɗo anniya ɓe cujjan hujjaaji ɓurɗi mawnude.&quot;

E nder gardagol makko, Ogbeh ina joginoo jokkondire tiiɗɗe e Obasanjo, ina wallitnoo hooreejo leydi ndii e won e geɗe ngenndiije, ina ñiŋa mo e yeeso yimɓe fof e geɗe goɗɗe. E lewru Duujal 2004, e nder caɗeele politik to Anambra caggal nde guwerneer Chris Ngige nanngaa gadano e lewru sulyee 2003, Ogbeh neldi ɓataake feewde e Obasanjo ngam ñiŋde no o jogori huutoraade ngonka ka. Lewru rewndu nduu, ko kaalirde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Oluremi Oyo habri deƴƴere makko.

Ogbeh hollitii wonde o woppii golle ɗee ko ngam haɗde luural e nder lannda ka, kadi ko sabu yiɗde hootde e ndema. Kono, haala jaajka ina hollita wonde Obasanjo ina mettini e ɓataake Ogbeh, won heen ciimtol ina hollita wonde hooreejo leydi oo yilliima Ogbeh to galle galle mum e puɗal lewru Yarkomaa 2005, caggal nde o ñaami yamre ɓuuɓnde, o dogi siynude ɓataake deƴƴere. Konte goɗɗe ina kollita wonde o nanngaama e njillu nguu. Kono Ogbeh yedditii ɗeen haalaaji e hitaande 2018, o wiyi ɗe « fenaande laaɓtunde e fenaande ».

Caggal nde o woppi laamu, hooreejo leydi Obasanjo toɗɗii Ogbeh yo won jaagorgal makko keeringal to bannge ndema.

== Caggal golle ==
E lewru desaambar 2005, Ogbeh woppi laamu PDP e dow laawol.

Tuggi hitaande 2009, o woniino hooreejo e gardiiɗo fedde wiyeteende Efugo Farms, to Makurdi, kadi ko o tergal fedde wiyeteende Fedde nde, nde jooɗii ko to Philadelphie, to Dental Dowlaaji Amerik.

== Golle binndol ==
O winndii pijirlooji joy, heen tati njaltinaama e nguurndam makko. Gooto e majje, wiyeteende « Epitaphe de Simon Kisulu » , hollitaama to nokku biyeteeɗo Muson e hitaande 2002.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Audu Innocent Ogbeh OFR''' (heɗtoR; 28 lewru juko 1947 – 9 lewru ut 2025) ko demoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji e dawrugol leydi Nijeer, o woniino jaagorgal ndema e ƴellitaare teeru gila 2015 haa 2019. O woniino hooreejo lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi gila Ja2.010 o woni jaagorgal jokkondiral e nder leydi Najeriya ɗiɗaɓiri tuggi 1982 haa 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/342569-18-former-ministers-who-didnt-make-buharis-new-list.html|title=18 former ministers who didn't make Buhari's new list|date=23 July 2019|access-date=13 September 2024|last=Olufemi|first=Alfred|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ɓawo ==
Ogbeh jibinaa ko ñalnde 28 sulyee 1947, to diiwaan Benue hannde oo. O jeyaa ko e iwdi Idoma. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, Lagos tuggi 1967 haa 1969, caggal ɗuum o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, Zaria tuggi 1969 haa 1972 e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Toulouse, Farayse tuggi 1973 haa 1974. O jannginii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde, Ahmadu to Bello19, to Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Zaria he92, departemaa ganndal neɗɗankaagal, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Murtala to bannge ganndal e karallaagal tuggi 1977 haa 1979.

Ñalnde 9 lewru bowte hitaande 2025, ɓesngu Ogbeh hollitii e njuɓɓudi teleeji leydi Najeriya wonde o maayi ko adii ñalngu nguu. O mari duuɓi 78.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/default.aspx?a=519&amp;template=print-article.htm|work=OnlineNigeria|title=The Man Ogbeh|date=11 January 2005|last=Adedoja|first=Tokunbo|access-date=21 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227051319/https://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/default.aspx?a=519&amp;template=print-article.htm|archive-date=27 February 2012|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Golle politik ==
E hitaande 1979, o suɓii hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji lesdi Benue dow Platform Parti National Nigeria (NPN), o warti cukko hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji. E hitaande 1982, o toɗɗaa jaagorgal jokkondiral fedde nde, caggal ɗuum o wonti jaagorgal ƴellitaare njamndi. Manndaa makko joofi ko e lewru Duujal 1983, nde kuudetaa militeer en ngari Seneraal Major Muhammadu Buhari e laamu.

Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2001, Ogbeh toɗɗaa hooreejo leydi lannda PDP, o lomtii mawɗo lannda Barnabas Gemade. Nde o naamndaa hol no o fotnoo balance jokkondiral makko e hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo e ardiiɓe lannda, Ogbeh hollitii &quot;miɗo jogii miijooji am e ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe annduɓe mi ina nganndi mi meeɗaa waawde no feewi cheaply compromise e ɗeen miijooji. Mi anniyaaki bullying hooreejo leydi e cukko hooreejo leydi goɗɗo to ɓe, walla miɗo anniya hakkunde maɓɓe e sahaa gooto, walla miɗo anniya ɓe cujjan hujjaaji ɓurɗi mawnude.&quot;

E nder gardagol makko, Ogbeh ina joginoo jokkondire tiiɗɗe e Obasanjo, ina wallitnoo hooreejo leydi ndii e won e geɗe ngenndiije, ina ñiŋa mo e yeeso yimɓe fof e geɗe goɗɗe. E lewru Duujal 2004, e nder caɗeele politik to Anambra caggal nde guwerneer Chris Ngige nanngaa gadano e lewru sulyee 2003, Ogbeh neldi ɓataake feewde e Obasanjo ngam ñiŋde no o jogori huutoraade ngonka ka. Lewru rewndu nduu, ko kaalirde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Oluremi Oyo habri deƴƴere makko.

Ogbeh hollitii wonde o woppii golle ɗee ko ngam haɗde luural e nder lannda ka, kadi ko sabu yiɗde hootde e ndema. Kono, haala jaajka ina hollita wonde Obasanjo ina mettini e ɓataake Ogbeh, won heen ciimtol ina hollita wonde hooreejo leydi oo yilliima Ogbeh to galle galle mum e puɗal lewru Yarkomaa 2005, caggal nde o ñaami yamre ɓuuɓnde, o dogi siynude ɓataake deƴƴere. Konte goɗɗe ina kollita wonde o nanngaama e njillu nguu. Kono Ogbeh yedditii ɗeen haalaaji e hitaande 2018, o wiyi ɗe « fenaande laaɓtunde e fenaande ».

Caggal nde o woppi laamu, hooreejo leydi Obasanjo toɗɗii Ogbeh yo won jaagorgal makko keeringal to bannge ndema.

== Caggal golle ==
E lewru desaambar 2005, Ogbeh woppi laamu PDP e dow laawol.

Tuggi hitaande 2009, o woniino hooreejo e gardiiɗo fedde wiyeteende Efugo Farms, to Makurdi, kadi ko o tergal fedde wiyeteende Fedde nde, nde jooɗii ko to Philadelphie, to Dental Dowlaaji Amerik.

== Golle binndol ==
O winndii pijirlooji joy, heen tati njaltinaama e nguurndam makko. Gooto e majje, wiyeteende « Epitaphe de Simon Kisulu » , hollitaama to nokku biyeteeɗo Muson e hitaande 2002.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Audu Innocent Ogbeh OFR''' (heɗtoR; 28 lewru juko 1947 – 9 lewru ut 2025) ko demoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji e dawrugol leydi Nijeer, o woniino jaagorgal ndema e ƴellitaare teeru gila 2015 haa 2019. O woniino hooreejo lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi gila Ja2.010 o woni jaagorgal jokkondiral e nder leydi Najeriya ɗiɗaɓiri tuggi 1982 haa 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/342569-18-former-ministers-who-didnt-make-buharis-new-list.html|title=18 former ministers who didn't make Buhari's new list|date=23 July 2019|access-date=13 September 2024|last=Olufemi|first=Alfred|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ɓawo ==
Ogbeh jibinaa ko ñalnde 28 sulyee 1947, to diiwaan Benue hannde oo. O jeyaa ko e iwdi Idoma. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, Lagos tuggi 1967 haa 1969, caggal ɗuum o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, Zaria tuggi 1969 haa 1972 e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Toulouse, Farayse tuggi 1973 haa 1974. O jannginii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde, Ahmadu to Bello19, to Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Zaria he92, departemaa ganndal neɗɗankaagal, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Murtala to bannge ganndal e karallaagal tuggi 1977 haa 1979.

Ñalnde 9 lewru bowte hitaande 2025, ɓesngu Ogbeh hollitii e njuɓɓudi teleeji leydi Najeriya wonde o maayi ko adii ñalngu nguu. O mari duuɓi 78.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/default.aspx?a=519&amp;template=print-article.htm|work=OnlineNigeria|title=The Man Ogbeh|date=11 January 2005|last=Adedoja|first=Tokunbo|access-date=21 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227051319/https://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/default.aspx?a=519&amp;template=print-article.htm|archive-date=27 February 2012|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Golle politik ==
E hitaande 1979, o suɓii hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji lesdi Benue dow Platform Parti National Nigeria (NPN), o warti cukko hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji. E hitaande 1982, o toɗɗaa jaagorgal jokkondiral fedde nde, caggal ɗuum o wonti jaagorgal ƴellitaare njamndi. Manndaa makko joofi ko e lewru Duujal 1983, nde kuudetaa militeer en ngari Seneraal Major Muhammadu Buhari e laamu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ismail|first=Nana|url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/08/09/breaking-ex-minister-audu-ogbe-is-dead/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Ex-minister, Audu Ogbe is dead|date=9 August 2025|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 August 2025|title=Audu Ogbeh: Former Nigeria minister and PDP chairman die at age 78|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cn431l47gddo|access-date=9 August 2025|website=BBC News Pidgin}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2001, Ogbeh toɗɗaa hooreejo leydi lannda PDP, o lomtii mawɗo lannda Barnabas Gemade. Nde o naamndaa hol no o fotnoo balance jokkondiral makko e hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo e ardiiɓe lannda, Ogbeh hollitii &quot;miɗo jogii miijooji am e ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe annduɓe mi ina nganndi mi meeɗaa waawde no feewi cheaply compromise e ɗeen miijooji. Mi anniyaaki bullying hooreejo leydi e cukko hooreejo leydi goɗɗo to ɓe, walla miɗo anniya hakkunde maɓɓe e sahaa gooto, walla miɗo anniya ɓe cujjan hujjaaji ɓurɗi mawnude.&quot;

E nder gardagol makko, Ogbeh ina joginoo jokkondire tiiɗɗe e Obasanjo, ina wallitnoo hooreejo leydi ndii e won e geɗe ngenndiije, ina ñiŋa mo e yeeso yimɓe fof e geɗe goɗɗe. E lewru Duujal 2004, e nder caɗeele politik to Anambra caggal nde guwerneer Chris Ngige nanngaa gadano e lewru sulyee 2003, Ogbeh neldi ɓataake feewde e Obasanjo ngam ñiŋde no o jogori huutoraade ngonka ka. Lewru rewndu nduu, ko kaalirde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Oluremi Oyo habri deƴƴere makko.

Ogbeh hollitii wonde o woppii golle ɗee ko ngam haɗde luural e nder lannda ka, kadi ko sabu yiɗde hootde e ndema. Kono, haala jaajka ina hollita wonde Obasanjo ina mettini e ɓataake Ogbeh, won heen ciimtol ina hollita wonde hooreejo leydi oo yilliima Ogbeh to galle galle mum e puɗal lewru Yarkomaa 2005, caggal nde o ñaami yamre ɓuuɓnde, o dogi siynude ɓataake deƴƴere. Konte goɗɗe ina kollita wonde o nanngaama e njillu nguu. Kono Ogbeh yedditii ɗeen haalaaji e hitaande 2018, o wiyi ɗe « fenaande laaɓtunde e fenaande ».

Caggal nde o woppi laamu, hooreejo leydi Obasanjo toɗɗii Ogbeh yo won jaagorgal makko keeringal to bannge ndema.

== Caggal golle ==
E lewru desaambar 2005, Ogbeh woppi laamu PDP e dow laawol.

Tuggi hitaande 2009, o woniino hooreejo e gardiiɗo fedde wiyeteende Efugo Farms, to Makurdi, kadi ko o tergal fedde wiyeteende Fedde nde, nde jooɗii ko to Philadelphie, to Dental Dowlaaji Amerik.

== Golle binndol ==
O winndii pijirlooji joy, heen tati njaltinaama e nguurndam makko. Gooto e majje, wiyeteende « Epitaphe de Simon Kisulu » , hollitaama to nokku biyeteeɗo Muson e hitaande 2002.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Audu Innocent Ogbeh OFR''' (heɗtoR; 28 lewru juko 1947 – 9 lewru ut 2025) ko demoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji e dawrugol leydi Nijeer, o woniino jaagorgal ndema e ƴellitaare teeru gila 2015 haa 2019. O woniino hooreejo lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi gila Ja2.010 o woni jaagorgal jokkondiral e nder leydi Najeriya ɗiɗaɓiri tuggi 1982 haa 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/342569-18-former-ministers-who-didnt-make-buharis-new-list.html|title=18 former ministers who didn't make Buhari's new list|date=23 July 2019|access-date=13 September 2024|last=Olufemi|first=Alfred|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ɓawo ==
Ogbeh jibinaa ko ñalnde 28 sulyee 1947, to diiwaan Benue hannde oo. O jeyaa ko e iwdi Idoma. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, Lagos tuggi 1967 haa 1969, caggal ɗuum o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, Zaria tuggi 1969 haa 1972 e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Toulouse, Farayse tuggi 1973 haa 1974. O jannginii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde, Ahmadu to Bello19, to Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Zaria he92, departemaa ganndal neɗɗankaagal, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Murtala to bannge ganndal e karallaagal tuggi 1977 haa 1979.

Ñalnde 9 lewru bowte hitaande 2025, ɓesngu Ogbeh hollitii e njuɓɓudi teleeji leydi Najeriya wonde o maayi ko adii ñalngu nguu. O mari duuɓi 78.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/default.aspx?a=519&amp;template=print-article.htm|work=OnlineNigeria|title=The Man Ogbeh|date=11 January 2005|last=Adedoja|first=Tokunbo|access-date=21 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227051319/https://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/default.aspx?a=519&amp;template=print-article.htm|archive-date=27 February 2012|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Golle politik ==
E hitaande 1979, o suɓii hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji lesdi Benue dow Platform Parti National Nigeria (NPN), o warti cukko hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji. E hitaande 1982, o toɗɗaa jaagorgal jokkondiral fedde nde, caggal ɗuum o wonti jaagorgal ƴellitaare njamndi. Manndaa makko joofi ko e lewru Duujal 1983, nde kuudetaa militeer en ngari Seneraal Major Muhammadu Buhari e laamu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ismail|first=Nana|url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/08/09/breaking-ex-minister-audu-ogbe-is-dead/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Ex-minister, Audu Ogbe is dead|date=9 August 2025|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 August 2025|title=Audu Ogbeh: Former Nigeria minister and PDP chairman die at age 78|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cn431l47gddo|access-date=9 August 2025|website=BBC News Pidgin}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2001, Ogbeh toɗɗaa hooreejo leydi lannda PDP, o lomtii mawɗo lannda Barnabas Gemade. Nde o naamndaa hol no o fotnoo balance jokkondiral makko e hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo e ardiiɓe lannda, Ogbeh hollitii &quot;miɗo jogii miijooji am e ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe annduɓe mi ina nganndi mi meeɗaa waawde no feewi cheaply compromise e ɗeen miijooji. Mi anniyaaki bullying hooreejo leydi e cukko hooreejo leydi goɗɗo to ɓe, walla miɗo anniya hakkunde maɓɓe e sahaa gooto, walla miɗo anniya ɓe cujjan hujjaaji ɓurɗi mawnude.&quot;.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Teniola|first=Eric|date=9 August 2019|title=As Audu Ogbeh Takes The Back Seat|url=https://opinion.premiumtimesng.com/2019/08/09/as-audu-ogbeh-takes-the-back-seat-by-eric-teniola/?tztc=1|access-date=9 August 2025|website=Premium Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E nder gardagol makko, Ogbeh ina joginoo jokkondire tiiɗɗe e Obasanjo, ina wallitnoo hooreejo leydi ndii e won e geɗe ngenndiije, ina ñiŋa mo e yeeso yimɓe fof e geɗe goɗɗe. E lewru Duujal 2004, e nder caɗeele politik to Anambra caggal nde guwerneer Chris Ngige nanngaa gadano e lewru sulyee 2003, Ogbeh neldi ɓataake feewde e Obasanjo ngam ñiŋde no o jogori huutoraade ngonka ka. Lewru rewndu nduu, ko kaalirde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Oluremi Oyo habri deƴƴere makko.

Ogbeh hollitii wonde o woppii golle ɗee ko ngam haɗde luural e nder lannda ka, kadi ko sabu yiɗde hootde e ndema. Kono, haala jaajka ina hollita wonde Obasanjo ina mettini e ɓataake Ogbeh, won heen ciimtol ina hollita wonde hooreejo leydi oo yilliima Ogbeh to galle galle mum e puɗal lewru Yarkomaa 2005, caggal nde o ñaami yamre ɓuuɓnde, o dogi siynude ɓataake deƴƴere. Konte goɗɗe ina kollita wonde o nanngaama e njillu nguu. Kono Ogbeh yedditii ɗeen haalaaji e hitaande 2018, o wiyi ɗe « fenaande laaɓtunde e fenaande ».

Caggal nde o woppi laamu, hooreejo leydi Obasanjo toɗɗii Ogbeh yo won jaagorgal makko keeringal to bannge ndema.

== Caggal golle ==
E lewru desaambar 2005, Ogbeh woppi laamu PDP e dow laawol.

Tuggi hitaande 2009, o woniino hooreejo e gardiiɗo fedde wiyeteende Efugo Farms, to Makurdi, kadi ko o tergal fedde wiyeteende Fedde nde, nde jooɗii ko to Philadelphie, to Dental Dowlaaji Amerik.

== Golle binndol ==
O winndii pijirlooji joy, heen tati njaltinaama e nguurndam makko. Gooto e majje, wiyeteende « Epitaphe de Simon Kisulu » , hollitaama to nokku biyeteeɗo Muson e hitaande 2002.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Audu Innocent Ogbeh OFR''' (heɗtoR; 28 lewru juko 1947 – 9 lewru ut 2025) ko demoowo, binndoowo pijirlooji e dawrugol leydi Nijeer, o woniino jaagorgal ndema e ƴellitaare teeru gila 2015 haa 2019. O woniino hooreejo lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi gila Ja2.010 o woni jaagorgal jokkondiral e nder leydi Najeriya ɗiɗaɓiri tuggi 1982 haa 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/342569-18-former-ministers-who-didnt-make-buharis-new-list.html|title=18 former ministers who didn't make Buhari's new list|date=23 July 2019|access-date=13 September 2024|last=Olufemi|first=Alfred|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ɓawo ==
Ogbeh jibinaa ko ñalnde 28 sulyee 1947, to diiwaan Benue hannde oo. O jeyaa ko e iwdi Idoma. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde King’s College, Lagos tuggi 1967 haa 1969, caggal ɗuum o janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, Zaria tuggi 1969 haa 1972 e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Toulouse, Farayse tuggi 1973 haa 1974. O jannginii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde, Ahmadu to Bello19, to Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Zaria he92, departemaa ganndal neɗɗankaagal, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Murtala to bannge ganndal e karallaagal tuggi 1977 haa 1979.

Ñalnde 9 lewru bowte hitaande 2025, ɓesngu Ogbeh hollitii e njuɓɓudi teleeji leydi Najeriya wonde o maayi ko adii ñalngu nguu. O mari duuɓi 78.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/default.aspx?a=519&amp;template=print-article.htm|work=OnlineNigeria|title=The Man Ogbeh|date=11 January 2005|last=Adedoja|first=Tokunbo|access-date=21 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227051319/https://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/default.aspx?a=519&amp;template=print-article.htm|archive-date=27 February 2012|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Golle politik ==
E hitaande 1979, o suɓii hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji lesdi Benue dow Platform Parti National Nigeria (NPN), o warti cukko hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji. E hitaande 1982, o toɗɗaa jaagorgal jokkondiral fedde nde, caggal ɗuum o wonti jaagorgal ƴellitaare njamndi. Manndaa makko joofi ko e lewru Duujal 1983, nde kuudetaa militeer en ngari Seneraal Major Muhammadu Buhari e laamu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ismail|first=Nana|url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/08/09/breaking-ex-minister-audu-ogbe-is-dead/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Ex-minister, Audu Ogbe is dead|date=9 August 2025|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 August 2025|title=Audu Ogbeh: Former Nigeria minister and PDP chairman die at age 78|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cn431l47gddo|access-date=9 August 2025|website=BBC News Pidgin}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ñalnde 11 noowammbar 2001, Ogbeh toɗɗaa hooreejo leydi lannda PDP, o lomtii mawɗo lannda Barnabas Gemade. Nde o naamndaa hol no o fotnoo balance jokkondiral makko e hooreejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo e ardiiɓe lannda, Ogbeh hollitii &quot;miɗo jogii miijooji am e ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe annduɓe mi ina nganndi mi meeɗaa waawde no feewi cheaply compromise e ɗeen miijooji. Mi anniyaaki bullying hooreejo leydi e cukko hooreejo leydi goɗɗo to ɓe, walla miɗo anniya hakkunde maɓɓe e sahaa gooto, walla miɗo anniya ɓe cujjan hujjaaji ɓurɗi mawnude.&quot;.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Teniola|first=Eric|date=9 August 2019|title=As Audu Ogbeh Takes The Back Seat|url=https://opinion.premiumtimesng.com/2019/08/09/as-audu-ogbeh-takes-the-back-seat-by-eric-teniola/?tztc=1|access-date=9 August 2025|website=Premium Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E nder gardagol makko, Ogbeh ina joginoo jokkondire tiiɗɗe e Obasanjo, ina wallitnoo hooreejo leydi ndii e won e geɗe ngenndiije, ina ñiŋa mo e yeeso yimɓe fof e geɗe goɗɗe. E lewru Duujal 2004, e nder caɗeele politik to Anambra caggal nde guwerneer Chris Ngige nanngaa gadano e lewru sulyee 2003, Ogbeh neldi ɓataake feewde e Obasanjo ngam ñiŋde no o jogori huutoraade ngonka ka. Lewru rewndu nduu, ko kaalirde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Oluremi Oyo habri deƴƴere makko.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Ajani|first1=Jide|last2=Ojeifo|first2=Sufuyan|last3=Omonijo|first3=Bolade|last4=Odili|first4=Paul|date=11 January 2005|title=Why I resigned, by Audu Ogbeh|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200501110346.html|access-date=13 September 2024|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|via=[[allAfrica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Eribake|first=Akintayo|date=16 January 2014|title=All the PDP chairmen|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/pdp-chairmen/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=9 August 2025|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ofiebor|first=Okafor|date=18 July 2013|title=Rivers State's Crazy 'Demo'|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2013/07/18/rivers-states-crazy-demo/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=9 August 2025|newspaper=[[P.M. News]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Jegede|first=Michael|date=18 May 2011|title=Gemade on PDP Chairmanship|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201105190570.html|archive-url=https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/gemade-on-pdp-chairmanship-analysis/docview/880925745/se-2|archive-date=18 May 2011|website=Daily Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Wande|first=S.-Davies|date=3 July 2018|title=Obasanjo never forced me to resign as PDP chairman ―Ogbeh|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/obasanjo-never-forced-me-to-resign-as-pdp-chairman-%e2%80%95ogbeh/|access-date=9 August 2025|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Olowolagba|first=Fikayo|date=4 July 2018|title=Ogbeh speaks on being forced to resign as PDP Chairman by Obasanjo|url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/07/04/ogbeh-speaks-forced-resign-pdp-chairman-obasanjo/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=9 August 2025|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Yusuf|first=Vincent A.|title=Ogbeh denies resigning at gunpoint as PDP chair|url=https://dailytrust.com/ogbeh-denies-resigning-at-gunpoint-as-pdp-chair-259266/|access-date=9 August 2025|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ogbeh hollitii wonde o woppii golle ɗee ko ngam haɗde luural e nder lannda ka, kadi ko sabu yiɗde hootde e ndema. Kono, haala jaajka ina hollita wonde Obasanjo ina mettini e ɓataake Ogbeh, won heen ciimtol ina hollita wonde hooreejo leydi oo yilliima Ogbeh to galle galle mum e puɗal lewru Yarkomaa 2005, caggal nde o ñaami yamre ɓuuɓnde, o dogi siynude ɓataake deƴƴere. Konte goɗɗe ina kollita wonde o nanngaama e njillu nguu. Kono Ogbeh yedditii ɗeen haalaaji e hitaande 2018, o wiyi ɗe « fenaande laaɓtunde e fenaande ».

Caggal nde o woppi laamu, hooreejo leydi Obasanjo toɗɗii Ogbeh yo won jaagorgal makko keeringal to bannge ndema.

== Caggal golle ==
E lewru desaambar 2005, Ogbeh woppi laamu PDP e dow laawol.

Tuggi hitaande 2009, o woniino hooreejo e gardiiɗo fedde wiyeteende Efugo Farms, to Makurdi, kadi ko o tergal fedde wiyeteende Fedde nde, nde jooɗii ko to Philadelphie, to Dental Dowlaaji Amerik.

== Golle binndol ==
O winndii pijirlooji joy, heen tati njaltinaama e nguurndam makko. Gooto e majje, wiyeteende « Epitaphe de Simon Kisulu » , hollitaama to nokku biyeteeɗo Muson e hitaande 2002.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Adamu Ciroma</title>
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        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
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      <comment>#1Lib1Ref</comment>
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      <text bytes="3014" sha1="9amos7bj773n9crvf1qcwmgllesbra9" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Adamu Ciroma''' (o daayaama e nder yalnde 20 lewru Noofamba hiitande ndungu alif 1934 – 5 lewru Yuuli 2018)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/breaking-ex-minister-of-finance-adamu-ciroma-died-at-84-259556.html|title=BREAKING: Ex-Minister of Finance, Adamu Ciroma, died at 84|access-date=2018-07-05|archive-date=2018-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705180410/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/breaking-ex-minister-of-finance-adamu-ciroma-died-at-84-259556.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ko siyaasajo , Guwerneer Banki Catal [[Naajeeriya]], jibinaa ko e galle Bole to Potiskuma. diiwaan Yobe woyla lesdi Naajeeriya.&lt;ref&gt;Bolaji Adepegba, ''Adamu Ciroma, tested and trusted yet uncrowned'', Daily Independent Online, Nov 27, 2003 [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203442/http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2003/nov/27/0102.html]&lt;/ref&gt; O jeyaa ko e lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe.

== Kuugal leydi ɗiɗaɓo ==
E hitaande ndungu alif 1979, Ciroma wonnoo gooto e ardiiɓe hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya NPN) mo jogiiɓe nder faandaare hooreejo leydi,&lt;ref&gt;Shehu Shagari. Beckoned To Serve. Heinemann Educational Books, Nigeria, 2001.pp214&lt;/ref&gt; e nder faandaade o wonnoo ko o jaɓii e [[Kaduna]] Mafia, ko ɗum woni kawral ɓaleeɓe to woyla, ɓe ɗowtani ardiiɓe e burokrataaɓe to Kaduna.&lt;ref&gt;Shehu Othman, Classes, Crises and Coup: The Demise of Shagari's Regime, African Affairs &gt; Vol. 83, No. 333 Oct., 1984. pp 447, 449&lt;/ref&gt; O waɗi tataɓo nder nder jeewte, ɓaawo [[Shehu Shagari]] e [[Maitama Sule]], mo jeewtiima ngam ngam ngam ngam jamma Hamza Rafindadi Zayyad, hooreejo [[New Nigeria Development Company]].&lt;ref&gt;William Reno. Old Brigades, Money Bags, New Breeds, and the Ironies of Reform in Nigeria. Canadian Journal of African Studies &gt; Vol. 27, No. 1 (1993), pp. 75&lt;/ref&gt;

Ciroma waɗi wakkati seekeruuji NPN nden o waɗi wakkati feere bana Minista for Industries, Agriculture and Finance. Bana ardiiɗo jaayndeejo nder laamu Shagari, o waɗi kuugal mawɗo nder huutoreejo hooreejo leydi, ɓurna fuu nder fannuuji nyaamdu nyaamdu e gollaade e jaayndeeji duniyaaru ngam ɓamtaade kuugal ɓamtaare kuugal (ADP).&lt;ref&gt;Quentin Peel, &quot;Shagari shuffles Cabinet&quot;, Financial Times,  February 16, 1982&lt;/ref&gt; Nder lewru Septemba 1983, o waɗii hooreejo komiteejo jaɓɓaade hooreejo leydi, ɗum holli ɓeydi hokki hooreejo leydi goɗɗum nder kuugal maako. Jaaynde nde'e waɗi darnde waɗugo suɓaaji dow no ɓe waylirta laamu federal ngal ɗon yahda nder caɗeele goonɗinal.&lt;ref&gt;Quentin Peel, &quot;President's party wins majority in Nigerian Assembly&quot;, Financial Times, September 6, 1983&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fedde joweetatiinde ==
Ciroma wondi ardiiɗo yimɓe Fedde Demokrata yimɓe (PDP). O waɗi hooreejo jaaynde nder laamu [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] diga 1999 haa too duubi 2003. Hannde, debbo maako Maryam Ciroma ɗon jogii darnde hooreejo PDP National Women nder Naajeeriya.

== Himobe ==

== Tuugnorgal ==
{{reflist}}
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Fika]]
[[Category:Yimɓe Naajeeriya]]</text>
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    <title>Victor Omololu Olunloyo</title>
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      <text bytes="3397" sha1="t14i6hxpj3bmh3zg9sl75bfx1frezsv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Victor Omololu Sowemimo Olunloyo''' (14 abriil 1935 – 6 abriil 2025) ko hiisawal e politik Najeriya, gonnooɗo guwerneer diiwaan Oyo tuggi 1 oktoobar 1983 haa 31 desaambar 1983, nde laamu konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari to laamu. Caggal ɗuum o wonti laamu e nder lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) to diiwaan Oyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;sunint&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2009/oct/23/national-23-10-2009-001.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Olunloyo on 1983 Oyo guber Bola Ige planned to rig|author=FEMI ADEOTI|date=23 October 2009|access-date=12 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128054320/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2009/oct/23/national-23-10-2009-001.html|archive-date=28 November 2009|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.olunloyowomen.info/|title=The Olunloyo Women's Foundation|publisher=The Olunloyo Women's Foundation|access-date=12 December 2009|archive-date=8 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608151204/http://www.olunloyowomen.info/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ɓawo ==
Victor Omololu Sowemimo Olunloyo jibinaa ko to Ibadan ñalnde 14 abriil 1935. Baaba makko, Horatio Olunloyo ko Kerecee'en, yumma makko maayɗo Alhaja Bintu Tejumola Abebi Olunloyo mo maayi e lewru Oktoobar 2013 e duuɓi 102 ko juulɗo. Baaba makko sankii ko e lewru desaambar 1948 nde Victor Olunloyo yahrata e duuɓi 13.Olunloyo heɓi doktoraa mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St. O yaltinii binndanɗe goɗɗe keewɗe ko faati e miijo limle e hiisaaji kuutorteeɗi.

Olunloyo toɗɗaama Komiseer ƴellitaare faggudu e nder diiwaan hirnaange e hitaande 1962 tawi omo yahra e duuɓi 27, e nder kabine Doktoor Moses Majekodunmi. O toɗɗaama kadi nde Kolonel Adeyinka Adebayo toɗɗaa guwerneer konu leydi Hirnaange. Darnde woɗnde ina jeyaa heen Komiseriyaa ngam ƴellitaare renndo, jaŋde (laabi ɗiɗi), golle teeŋtuɗe, laamu nokkuyankeewo e geɗe laamu nguu ina jeyaa heen laamɓe ɗiɗo Naajeeriya hono Alaafin mo Oyo, Oba Lamidi Adeyemi III e Soun laamɗo Ogbomiwunmosho Oye. O waɗaama hooreejo fedde ɓamtaare hirnaange leydi Najeriya.

Olunloyo sankii ko ñalnde 6 abriil 2025, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 89.

== Gomnaa lesdi Oyo ==
E hitaande 1983, Olunloyo dañii laamu ngam suɓaade guwerneer diiwaan Oyo ɓooyɗo oo e dow laylaytol lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer (NPN), o fooli jooɗaniiɗo laamu nguu, hono Bola Ige mo lannda ngootaagu leydi Nijeer (UPN), o heɓi laamu e lewru oktoobar 1983. Manndaa makko joofi ko lebbi tati caggal ɗuum nde Seneraal Muhammadu Bu3 woppi laamu nguu e lewru Desammbar 1983.

== Caggal golle ==
E lewru Noowammbar 2002, Olunloyo wiyi maa o won kanndidaa guwerneer diiwaan Oyo e wooteeji lewru Abriil 2003. Kono Rasheed Ladoja suɓaama haa jooni kanndidaa PDP. E hitaande 2009, o woniino hooreejo goomu ngam wiɗtude ko feewti e ustaare feccere e taƴre Farmasi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal Ladoke Akintola. Panel man ɗon aybina kontiraat man bee laamu lesdi ndi'i, ɗon mari aybe dow guwerneer lesdi Oyo Adebayo Alao-Akala. O suɓaama hooreejo komitiiru taskaramji e dabareeji PDP ngam Ibadanland ngam heɓuki suɓol 2011, nden o laati hooreejo komitiiru PDP ngam taskaramji e jaayndeeji ngam jiha kan.E hitaande 2012, Olunloyo acci lanyol PDP, o nasti ACN.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="3640" sha1="830zpd8yq0u0d80tiy14034rwpwugwz" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Victor Omololu Sowemimo Olunloyo''' (14 abriil 1935 – 6 abriil 2025) ko hiisawal e politik Najeriya, gonnooɗo guwerneer diiwaan Oyo tuggi 1 oktoobar 1983 haa 31 desaambar 1983, nde laamu konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari to laamu. Caggal ɗuum o wonti laamu e nder lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) to diiwaan Oyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;sunint&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2009/oct/23/national-23-10-2009-001.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Olunloyo on 1983 Oyo guber Bola Ige planned to rig|author=FEMI ADEOTI|date=23 October 2009|access-date=12 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128054320/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2009/oct/23/national-23-10-2009-001.html|archive-date=28 November 2009|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.olunloyowomen.info/|title=The Olunloyo Women's Foundation|publisher=The Olunloyo Women's Foundation|access-date=12 December 2009|archive-date=8 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608151204/http://www.olunloyowomen.info/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ɓawo ==
Victor Omololu Sowemimo Olunloyo jibinaa ko to Ibadan ñalnde 14 abriil 1935. Baaba makko, Horatio Olunloyo ko Kerecee'en, yumma makko maayɗo Alhaja Bintu Tejumola Abebi Olunloyo mo maayi e lewru Oktoobar 2013 e duuɓi 102 ko juulɗo. Baaba makko sankii ko e lewru desaambar 1948 nde Victor Olunloyo yahrata e duuɓi 13.Olunloyo heɓi doktoraa mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St. O yaltinii binndanɗe goɗɗe keewɗe ko faati e miijo limle e hiisaaji kuutorteeɗi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ajia|first=Jide|date=6 April 2025|title=BREAKING: Ex-Oyo gov Olunloyo dies at 90|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-ex-oyo-gov-olunloyo-dies-at-90/?amp|access-date=6 April 2025|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Olunloyo toɗɗaama Komiseer ƴellitaare faggudu e nder diiwaan hirnaange e hitaande 1962 tawi omo yahra e duuɓi 27, e nder kabine Doktoor Moses Majekodunmi. O toɗɗaama kadi nde Kolonel Adeyinka Adebayo toɗɗaa guwerneer konu leydi Hirnaange. Darnde woɗnde ina jeyaa heen Komiseriyaa ngam ƴellitaare renndo, jaŋde (laabi ɗiɗi), golle teeŋtuɗe, laamu nokkuyankeewo e geɗe laamu nguu ina jeyaa heen laamɓe ɗiɗo Naajeeriya hono Alaafin mo Oyo, Oba Lamidi Adeyemi III e Soun laamɗo Ogbomiwunmosho Oye. O waɗaama hooreejo fedde ɓamtaare hirnaange leydi Najeriya.

Olunloyo sankii ko ñalnde 6 abriil 2025, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 89.

== Gomnaa lesdi Oyo ==
E hitaande 1983, Olunloyo dañii laamu ngam suɓaade guwerneer diiwaan Oyo ɓooyɗo oo e dow laylaytol lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer (NPN), o fooli jooɗaniiɗo laamu nguu, hono Bola Ige mo lannda ngootaagu leydi Nijeer (UPN), o heɓi laamu e lewru oktoobar 1983. Manndaa makko joofi ko lebbi tati caggal ɗuum nde Seneraal Muhammadu Bu3 woppi laamu nguu e lewru Desammbar 1983.

== Caggal golle ==
E lewru Noowammbar 2002, Olunloyo wiyi maa o won kanndidaa guwerneer diiwaan Oyo e wooteeji lewru Abriil 2003. Kono Rasheed Ladoja suɓaama haa jooni kanndidaa PDP. E hitaande 2009, o woniino hooreejo goomu ngam wiɗtude ko feewti e ustaare feccere e taƴre Farmasi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal Ladoke Akintola. Panel man ɗon aybina kontiraat man bee laamu lesdi ndi'i, ɗon mari aybe dow guwerneer lesdi Oyo Adebayo Alao-Akala. O suɓaama hooreejo komitiiru taskaramji e dabareeji PDP ngam Ibadanland ngam heɓuki suɓol 2011, nden o laati hooreejo komitiiru PDP ngam taskaramji e jaayndeeji ngam jiha kan.E hitaande 2012, Olunloyo acci lanyol PDP, o nasti ACN.

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    <title>Muktar Shagari</title>
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'''Barrister Mukhtar Shehu Shagari''', ListenR CFR (jibinaa ko 26 lewru Duujal hitaande 1956) toɗɗaama jaagorgal ndiyam leydi Naajeeriya e nder lewru suwee 2001, mbayliigu laamu hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya [[Olusegun Obasanjo]]. Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa hooreejo fedde jaagorɗe Afrik ko feewti e ndiyam (AMCOW). Shagari jogi laamu haa lewru January hitaande 2007 nde o ummi ngam suɓugo ardiiɗo lesdi Sokoto. O suɓaama cukko guwerneer diiwaan Sokoto e lewru abriil 2007, caggal nde o waɗi luural to bannge sariya o suɓaama kadi e lewru mee 2008.[circular reference]

== Ɓawo ==
Shagari ko ɓiy mawniiko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndi hono Shehu Shagari. O jibinaa ko wuro wiyeteengo Shagari, e nder diiwaan Sokoto e hitaande 1956. O janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kanta, to Argungu haa hitaande 1974, e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ñeeñal e ganndal, hannde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Maiduguri (1974–1976). O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, Zaria (1976-1979) o heɓi seedantaagal LLB, e duɗal sariya leydi Nijeer (1979-1980), nde o noddiraa e ñaawirdu.

Caggal nde o waɗi golle ngenndiije to Port Harcourt, diiwaan Rivers o golliima e ñaawirdu magistrat, caggal ɗuum o woni awokaa dowla to ministeer ñaawoore, diiwaan Sokoto. Ndeen o toɗɗaama jaagorgal leydi Sokoto e komisariyaajo ñaawoore. Shagari caggal ɗuum sosi gollordu sariya keeriiɗo. Wakkati laamu Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓuru, o laati ardiiɗo lesdi Naajeeriya haa lesdi Sokoto. O woniino tergal e fedde diiwaan Sokoto, fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore e nder leydi Nijeer, nde fusi e lewru Noowammbar 1993 nde Seneraal [[Sani Abacha]] heɓi laamu. E nder ardaade gartugol demokaraasi e hitaande 1999, o woniino jaagorgal sariya to lannda Demokaraasi (PDP) to diiwaan Sokoto.&lt;ref name=&quot;panapress&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/12/16/20011216sta01.html|title=FG Awards N4.9 bn Water Projects|work=ThisDay|author=Donald Andoor and Kingley Uwenze|date=2001-12-16|accessdate=2010-04-23|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050914073431/http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2001/12/16/20011216sta01.html|archivedate=2005-09-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jaagorgal ko feewti e kuule ndiyam ==
Shagari toɗɗaama ministaajo ndiyam nder lewru June 2001. Nder lewru Duujal 2001, Shagari siifondirii eɓɓoore ndiyam 4.9 miliyon N4.9 nder diiwal Jigawa e ngam eɓɓoore 468 miliyon N468 miliyonji ndiyam Egbe/Little Ose. E saawiyee 2002, Shagari wonti hooreejo Kawtal Ministeeruuji Afrik ko faati e Ndiyam. E nder lewru ndu'u, laamu lesdi Naajeeriya anndini dow 1,400 eɓɓooje ndiyam nder leydi Naajeeriya fuu ɗon ƴama. Shagari wiyi kuulal ngam ittude kontraaji ɗii ko sabu kontraaji keewɗi ko yimɓe ndokkaama, wonaa sosiyeteeji. E lewru ut 2002 Shagari haali ko feewti e ɗaɓɓaande ngam ittude hooreejo leydi Obasanjo, o wallitorii golle hooreejo leydi haa hannde.

E lewru ut 2003, Banke Afriknaajo (Banque Africaine de Développement) hollitii wonde ina woppira 80% e evvooje mum e nder leydi Nijeer sabu njuvvudi e huutoraade ngalu nguu, kono haa jooni hevve ve ina njogori yovde ñamaale ze njovnaa ngam ziin evvooje. Nde o jaabtii, Shagari wi'i ardiiɓe lesdi Naajeeriya ɓe ɗon mari nafuuda yimɓe lesdi ndi'i yeeso nafuuda maɓɓe. O wiyi jooni laamu ngu ina jokki e waɗde feere no damuuji tokoosi. Lewru ndu tan, Shagari rokki laamu Ogun-Osun yamiroore ngam fuɗɗaade moƴƴitinde baraas Oyan. O hollitii kadi wonde eɓɓaaɗe ndiyam Abeokuta-Ota maa njokku ko ɓooyaani. E lewru Oktoobar 2003 Shagari anndini dow laamu lesdi ndin jaɓi N10.7 billion ngam eɓɓooje ndiyam nder leydi ndiin fuu. O wi'i laamu ngu timminii eɓɓooje ndiyam 2500 nder leydi ndiin, ammaa fodde 195 eɓɓooje ndiyam goɗɗe ɗon jokkiE lewru feebariyee 2004, Shagari wiyi wonde kontraa N677 miliyoŋ mo sosiyetee Koree rokki e lewru mee 2002 ngam mahde baraas Inkari to diiwaan Akwa Ibom, rokkaama sosiyetee Najeriya. Koreeji, ummiiɗi e nokku hee e lewru Yarkomaa 2003, ndartinaama. Kontraaji N191 miliyon ngam Dam Sabke nder [[Diiwal Katsína|diiwal Katsina]] boo ɗon mari haaje, eɓɓoore nde'e ɗon ɓadi timmugo. E lewru mee 2005 Shagari wi'i laamu lesdi ndi'i yoɓi ko ɓuri miliyaaruuji N180 ngam heɓugo ndiyam diga 1999 haa timmoode hitaande 2004, nden boo limngal ndiyam ɗon ɓesda nder wakkatiire nde'e diga 35% haa fodde 65%.Shagari jokki ministaajo maako nder limngal mawngal nder kabine Injoba O.502 ɓataake yettoode Shagari nde o wi'i ministaajo holli neɗɗaaku, yi'annde e yidde lesdi ngam tabitinki rentooji nder lesdi ndi'i fuu heɓa ndiyam njareteeɗam.E nder lewru Oktoba 2005 Shagari jaɓi ballal ngal Siin hokki ngam wallugo lesdi Naajeeriya ngam wurtinki 598 boowal nder Abuja e lesdi 18.

E lewru Yarkomaa hitaande 2006, gonnooɗo komisinaajo polis'en lesdi Lagos, Abubakar Tsav, wi'i laamu nguu ɗon mari ceede N240 miliyon hokkaama lesdi Benue ngam ɓesdugo ndiyam haa Makurdi. Shagari wi'i tuumeede nde walaa daliilu.E lewru Juko hitaande 2006, Shagari wi'i laamu nguu 6eydii 10%.E nder wooteeji 10 lewru Yarkomaa 2007, Shagari yaltinaama ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Sokoto, e lewru abriil 2006 Jaagorgal ndema e njeeygu e les njiimaandi Adamu Bello.

== Cukko guwerneer diiwaan Sokoto ==
Shagari suɓaama e lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP) ngam wonde kanndidaa guwerneer mum e nder diiwaan Sokoto e nder wooteeji 2007.O heɓi 2 701 woote tawi ko ɗiɗo woɗɓe ɓee keɓi 447 e 431 woote dow PDP ko adii wooteeji, PDP hollitii wonde Shagari ina foti suɓaade cukko guwerneer e ballondiral e Wamakko. E lewru abriil 2008, Ñaawirde Toownde Kaduna woppii woote Wamakko e Shagari sabu ŋakkeende nuunɗal e nder binnditagol ngol sabu waylooji baɗanooɗi e hojomaaji cakkitiiɗi ɗii.Caggal nde woote ɗee njuɓɓinaa kadi, Wamakko e Shagari ngartiraa e lewru mee 2008.

E lewru saawiyee 2010, won ciimtol wonde gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Olusegun Obasanjo, ina ɗaɓɓi nde Shagari toɗɗaa cukko hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Goodluck Jonathan, gardinooɗo laamu nguu caggal nde hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Umaru Yar’Adua, rafi juutɗo. Woɗɓe mbiyi Shagari ko cuɓaaɗo Obasanjo caggal Adamu Bello mo diiwaan Adamawa.

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    <title>Remi Fani-Kayode</title>
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      <text bytes="21865" sha1="ir8qfa90csmj9m1veslios0obtpvype" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Mawɗo '''Victor Babaremilekun Adetokunboh Fani-Kayode''' (22 Duujal 1921 – Oktoobar 1995) ko neɗɗo dawriyanke, jom jawdi, ngenndiyanke, dowla e awokaa. O suɓaama cukko hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] e hitaande 1963&lt;ref name=&quot;modernghana.com&quot;&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardngr.com&quot;&gt;Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ &quot;Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa&quot;], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;, o waɗii darnde mawnde e nder daartol sariya e politik leydi [[Naajeeriya]] gila e darorɗe kitaale 1940 haa o maayi e hitaande 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;modernghana.com2&quot;&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FANI-KAYODE, (Chief) Victor Babaremilekun Adetokunboh(late)|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/fani-kayode-chief-remi-ade/|last=Admin|date=2017-01-25|website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/1620/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-fiction.html|access-date=2020-05-30|website=Nigerian Voice}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Iwdi galle==
Fani-Kayode ummii ko e galle [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] mawɗo e jaŋnguɗo no feewi to Ife, jeyaaɗo to fombina-fuɗnaange leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. Mawniiko, hono Rev. Emmanuel Adedapo Kayode, ko almuudo Angalteer, keɓɗo dipolomaaji mum Master to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Fourah Bay, ngal e oon sahaa jeyaa ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Durham. Ɗum waɗi ko e hitaande 1885. Baaba makko, Victor Adedapo Kayode, janngi sariya, o heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Selwyn, Cambridge e hitaande 1921. O noddiraa to suudu dewal hakkundeejo e hitaande 1922, o yahi haa o wonti awokaa mawɗo, caggal ɗuum ñaawoowo, to leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=rp441|date=2017-07-21|title=Downing's Early Black Cantabs|url=https://www.dow.cam.ac.uk/about/downing-college-archive/archives-college-history/downings-early-black-cantabs|access-date=2020-11-19|website=Downing College Cambridge|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yumma makko ko debbo biyeteeɗo Aurora Kayode, jibinaaɗo Fanimokun, ɓiy debbo Rev. O heɓiino kadi dipoloma makko ''Master'' to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Fourah Bay, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo duɗal CMS ''Grammar to'' [[Lagos]], o golliima gila 1896 haa 1914.&lt;ref name=&quot;modernghana.com3&quot;&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009&lt;/ref&gt; Ko ɗum duɗal misiyoŋaaji ngal Biskop Samuel Ajayi Crowther sosi.&lt;ref&gt;Andrew F. Walls, &quot;Samuel Ajayi Crowther(1807–1891) Foremost African Christian of the Nineteenth Century&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;

E lewru Siilo hitaande 1958, o heɓi nasaraaku ngam wallugo motion ngam heɓugo ndimu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] haa suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] haa [[Lagos]]. O hollitii wonde jeytaare ina foti waɗeede ñalnde 2 abriil 1960&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com.ng&quot;&gt;&quot;Power in an Emergent African Nation&quot; by Richard L. Sklar, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;q=Nigerian+Political+Parties:+Power+in+an+Emergent+African+Nation], ''Google Books'', p. 269.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;motion&quot;&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/201009270537.html &quot;The Truth About the Motion for Independence&quot;], AllAfrica.com, 27 September 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; (minitaaji Hansard, 1958; lanndaaji dawrugol Nijeer ɗi Richard Sklar winndi: Doole e nder ngenndi [[Afrik]] ƴellitiiɗo, Jaayndeeji winndereeji, h. E hitaande 1959, wonno eɓɓaande woɗnde ƴettaande e nder Parlemaa leydi Nijeer, ɗaɓɓunde waylo-waylo seeɗa e eɓɓaande Fani-Kayode nde lewru sulyee 1958. Ndee eɓɓaande hesere, nde Sir [[Abubakar Tafawa balewa|Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] ƴetti, naamndii yo ñalngu 2 abriil 1960 jaɓaa e Parlemaa ngam heɓde ndimaagu, ngu jaɓaama jaɓaa e laamuuji koloñaal Angalteer, ina foti wayleede gila 2 abriil 1960 haa 1 oktoobar 1960 e nokku mum. Ndeeɗoo eɓɓaande waylo-waylo, caggal ɗuum, Parlemaa jaɓi ɗum, kadi Angalteer jaɓi ɗum. Ko noon ñalngu jeytaare leydi Nijeer, ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1960, haa jooni.&lt;ref name=&quot;motion2&quot;&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/201009270537.html &quot;The Truth About the Motion for Independence&quot;], AllAfrica.com, 27 September 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Jaŋde e nguurndam gollal==
Caggal nde o timmini jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''King’s College'', to [[Lagos University Teaching Hospital|Lagos]], Fani-Kayode yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Downing to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cambridge, e hitaande 1941. O waɗii jaŋdeeji Bar Biritaan, o ari to dow e hitaande makko e nder leydi Biritaan fof.&lt;ref name=&quot;modernghana.com4&quot;&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009&lt;/ref&gt; O noddaama haa suudu defte Biritaniya haa ''Middle Temple'' nder hitaande 1945, o toɗɗaama ardiiɗo ''Queen’s Counsel'' nder hitaande 1960, o laati tataɓo e ɓurduɗo famɗugo haa lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] heɓugo tiitoonde nden. Caggal mum, e hitaande 1977, o waɗtaama Awokaa mawɗo to leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] (SAN), o woni [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] tataɓo heɓde ndee ɗoo ceergal.&lt;ref name=&quot;modernghana.com5&quot;&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1948, o sosi fedde awokaaji gadane e nder leydi Nijeer, hono &quot;Thomas, Williams e Kayode&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;nigerdeltacongress.com&quot;&gt;Femi Fani-Kayode,[http://www.nigerdeltacongress.com/iarticles/in_remembrance_of_fani_power.htm &quot;In remembrance of Fani Power&quot;], ''NigerDeltaCongress.com''&lt;/ref&gt; kanko e awokaaji ɗiɗi goɗɗi, hono Frederick Rotimi Williams e Bode Thomas, ɓe njanngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cambridge e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres.&lt;ref name=&quot;modernghana.com6&quot;&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardngr.com2&quot;&gt;Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ &quot;Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa&quot;], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;E hitaande 1970, o sosi fedde awokaaji woɗnde &quot;Fani-Kayode e Sowemimo&quot; e sehil makko ɓooyɗo, mawɗo Sobo Sowemimo S.A.N.&lt;ref name=&quot;nigerdeltacongress.com2&quot;&gt;Femi Fani-Kayode,[http://www.nigerdeltacongress.com/iarticles/in_remembrance_of_fani_power.htm &quot;In remembrance of Fani Power&quot;], ''NigerDeltaCongress.com''&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Remilekun-Fani-Kayode.jpg|thumb|'''Remilekun-Fani-Kayode''']]

== Golle politik ==
Fani-Kayode waɗii darnde mawnde nder hare ngam heɓugo ndimu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. E hitaande 1952, kanko e Rotimi Williams, Bode Thomas e woɗɓe heewɓe, o nanngaa e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal Angalteer sabu darnde makko tiiɗnde e tiiɗnde e nder hare Angalteer.&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardngr.com3&quot;&gt;Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ &quot;Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa&quot;], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; O suɓaama hooreejo fedde sukaaɓe ''Action Group'' e hitaande 1954. O sosi fedde sukaaɓe ngam lannda ka, ɓe ɓoornii ko &quot;shirts noirs&quot; e ɓe kuutorii &quot;mosquito&quot; ngam hollirde mettere maɓɓe e laamu koloñaal Angalteer.&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardngr.com4&quot;&gt;Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ &quot;Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa&quot;], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kadi, nder hitaande 1954, Fani-Kayode suɓaama nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] dow laynde hooreejo [[Obafemi Awolowo]], nden o jokki hare maako ngam heɓugo ndimu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] diga ton.&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardngr.com5&quot;&gt;Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ &quot;Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa&quot;], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Ko kanko woni balloowo Sekereteer Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e nder fedde nde, e nder ɗuum, o waɗii darnde tiiɗnde, kanko e Sekereteer Fedde nde, hono mawɗo Ayo Rosiji, e nder yuɓɓo e njuɓɓudi Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Kanko e mawɗo Awolowo, S. O. Ighodaro, E. O. Eyo, Adeyemi Lawson e S. G. Ikoku, ɓe ngoni ko e lomtaade fedde gollorde ndee e batu doosgal leydi Londres e hitaande 1957.&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com.ng2&quot;&gt;&quot;Power in an Emergent African Nation&quot; by Richard L. Sklar, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;q=Nigerian+Political+Parties:+Power+in+an+Emergent+African+Nation], ''Google Books'', p. 269.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1957, o ardii fedde awokaaji ''Action Group'', ɓe ndaranii e haɓaade yimɓe leƴƴi tokoosi to Fuɗnaange to Komiseer leƴƴi pamari Willinks e nder ɗaɓɓaande maɓɓe ngam sosde diiwaan beldital hakkundeewal, ngal fotnoo ko seertude e diiwaan ɓooyɗo Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com.ng3&quot;&gt;&quot;Power in an Emergent African Nation&quot; by Richard L. Sklar, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;q=Nigerian+Political+Parties:+Power+in+an+Emergent+African+Nation], ''Google Books'', p. 269.&lt;/ref&gt; E lewru juko hitaande 1958, o wadi kuugal ngam heɓugo ndimu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardngr.com6&quot;&gt;Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ &quot;Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa&quot;], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Power in an Emergent African Nation'' by Richard L. Sklar, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUCdq], ''Google Books'', Page 269&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; (minte Hansard, 1958; hello 269; yi'annde porfeseer Onabamiro dow taariiha lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], hello 140).

E hitaande 1959, Fani-Kayode woppi golle mum e fedde ''Action Group'', o naati e Diiso ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer e Kameruun, lannda luulndo. E hitaande 1960, o suɓaama hooreejo NCNC to suudu sarɗiiji hirnaange.&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardngr.com7&quot;&gt;Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ &quot;Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa&quot;], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1963, o suɓaama cukko hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] e les njiimaandi hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], hono Samuel Akintola, e dow laylaytol lannda leydi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardngr.com8&quot;&gt;Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ &quot;Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa&quot;], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com.ng4&quot;&gt;&quot;Power in an Emergent African Nation&quot; by Richard L. Sklar, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;q=Nigerian+Political+Parties:+Power+in+an+Emergent+African+Nation], ''Google Books'', p. 269.&lt;/ref&gt;O toɗɗaa kadi jaagorgal geɗe laamu nokkuuji e nder diiwaan hirnaange e hitaande ndee tan.&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardngr.com9&quot;&gt;Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ &quot;Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa&quot;], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

E nder waktuuji 15 subaka ñalnde 15 lewru bowte hitaande 1966, Major [[Kaduna Nzeogwu]], ofisee konu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], etinooma waɗde kuudetaa konu gadano e nder daartol leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. Eɓɓoore ndee, hay so tawii noon nde dartinaaka, waɗii ƴiiƴam keewɗam, terɗe mawɗe keewɗe e lannda laamu nguu, militeer en e laamu ñalnde heen, mbaraa e bonanndeeji. Subaka law, kuuɓtodinɓe ɓee, e gardagol kapiteen Emmanuel Nwobosi, njani e galle Fani-Kayode, cukko hooreejo leydi diiwaan hirnaange. Fani-Kayode, murtuɓe ɓee mbonni ɗum yeeso ɓesngu makko e yeeso ɓiyiiko biyeteeɗo Femi Fani-Kayode, wonnooɗo jaagorgal ko feewti e diwooje leydi Najeriya duuɓi 40 caggal ɗuum.&lt;ref&gt;Nowa Omoigui ,[http://dawodu.com/omoigui64.htm &quot;Flashback To History: Yakubu Gowon And Fani-Kayode&quot;],''Dawodu.com'', January 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Toyin Fani-Kayode,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/12/02/fani-kayode-to-owei-lakemfa-by-toyin-fani-kayode/ &quot;Fani-Kayode to Owei Lakemfa&quot;], ''Vanguard'', 2 December 2009&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sleepless nights&quot;&gt;[http://www.pointblanknews.com/os2240.html &quot;Soyinka, Umar gave OBJ sleepless nights -Fani Kayode&quot;], ''Point Blank News'', 4 October 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Ndeen ɓe njaltini mo haa nokku mo anndaaka. Caggal nde ɓe njalti galle Fani-Kayode, muñooɓe ɓee, tawi Fani-Kayode ina ngondi e mum en, njahi to galle mawɗo [[S.L. Akintola,]] gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi diiwaan hirnaange. Ɓe naati galle makko kadi, ɓe mbari mo e yeeso ɓesngu makko. Ɓe ngañi kadi taaniiko e jom suudu makko.

Fani-Kayode seediima warngo sehil mum S.L. Akintola e murtuɓe ɓee, ummoraade toon, o nawaa to kanton militeer to [[Lagos]], ɗo o fotnoo kadi warde mo. Kono, ko moƴƴi e makko, nde o arti e kanton militeer [[Ikeja]] to [[Lagos]], murtuɓe ɓee ndartinaama, ndartinaama, mbaraama e juuɗe konuuli lollirɗi e gardagol Lietnaa-kolonel [[Yakubu Gowon]] (mo caggal ɗuum wonti hooreejo leydi Nijeer). Fani-Kayode ko lollirɓe ɓee ndimɗini ɗum, ɓe ngoppi ɗum e nder galle kisal haa nde sariya e deeƴre ngarti e leydi ndii. Eɓɓoore kuudetaa ndee, doole lollirɗe ɗee ndartini ɗum no feewi, ardiiɓe mum fof mbaraa walla nanngaa. Won e ardiiɓe laamu teeŋtuɓe e mawɓe konu nguu, ɓe njani e galleeji mum en e oon jamma, ina jeyaa heen [[Ahmadu Bello]] (hooreejo leydi ndii), [[Abubakar Tafawa balewa|Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] (hooreejo leydi ndii), Okotie-Eboh (jaagorgal kaalis leydi ndii), Seneraal Maimalari (hooreejo konu leydi ndii). Garrison). Fani-Kayode, wondude e Sir Kashim Ibraahiima (Guwerneer diiwaan worgo) ko kamɓe tan mbaraa.

Ndeen noon, Seneraal [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] ƴetti laamu e juuɗe heddiiɓe e laamu Tafawa Balewa ñalnde 16 [[lewru]] nduu, ñalnde heen o dañii nafoore e haɓaade murto Major Nzeogwu e etaade kuudetaa bonɗo. Nden o hoosi kuugal hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e ardiiɗo konu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. Kono, lebbi seeɗa caggal ɗuum, o woppitaa e kuudetaa worgo, baɗnooɗo nafoore, baɗnooɗo ñalnde 29 sulyee 1966, tawi ko Lietnaa-kolonel [[Murtala Mohammed]] e Lietnaa-kolonel [[Yakubu Gowon]] (hono no ɓe ngonnoo e oon sahaa nii) ardii ɗum. E nder kuudetaa oo, seneraal [[Jonson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] nanngaa to [[Ibadan]], kanko e jaɓɓiiɗo ɗum, hono seneraal [[Adekunle Fajuyi]], e juuɗe soldateeɓe worgo e gardagol major [[Teofilus Danjuma]] (hono no o wonnoo e oon sahaa nii). Ndeen worɓe ɗiɗo ɓee fof ndartinaama, nawaa to ladde sara laawol, ɓe ɓoornaama comci, ɓe mbaraa. Ko hono noon bonannde kuudetaa &quot;''revenge''&quot; to bannge worgo ñalnde 29 sulyee 1966, nde ko famɗi fof 300 ofisee konu Igbo e ofiseeji ɗi ngonaa ofiseeji mbaraa. Ɗumɗoon noon, e nder caɗeele goɗɗe, ofiseeji worgo ɗii ina cikki wonde Seneraal Aguiyi-Ironsi ina joginoo miijo no feewi e Major Nzeogwu e wondiiɓe mum, caggal kuudetaa ñalnde 15 [[lewru]] Yarkomaa, tawi ko heewɓe e ardiiɓe worgo (Hausa – Fulani) e ardiiɓe politik mawɓe (Yoru) e militeeruuji hirnaange (Yoru). waraa.

Tuumeede ofiseeji worgo ɗii wonde won nanondiral e paamondiral hakkunde fedde Nzeogwu e Seneraal [[Aguiyi-Ironsi]], ɓeydi heen ko Aguiyi-Ironsi jeyaa ko e leñol Igbo. Duuɓi capanɗe tati caggal warngo makko, ɓiy Aguiyi-Ironsi, hono Thomas Aguiyi-Ironsi, ina foti wonde jaagorgal ko feewti e ndeenka leydi Nijeer, o ƴetti oon darnde e juuɗe Seneraal Teofilus Danjuma, gorko barɗo baaba makko duuɓi 40 ko adii ɗuum. Heewɓe mbiyi wonde aawdi kuuɓtodinndi ofisee worgo oo e lewru sulyee 1966, seediiɗo warngooji Seneraal Aguiyi-Ironsi e ofiseeji keewɗi goɗɗi, baɗnooɗi haa jooni, ko ɗum addani wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, ko oon jamma 15 lewru Yarkomaa, ko ƴiiƴam makko Major e Nzewug worɓe.&lt;ref&gt;[[Max Siollun]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=t5Q78sVbLakC&amp;dq=death+of+remi+fani-kayode&amp;pg=PA46 ''Oil, politics and violence: Nigeria's military coup culture (1966–1976)''], Google Books, p. 46.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Dr. Nowa Omoigui,[http://www.citizensfornigeria.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=33&amp;Itemid=45 &quot;Northern Nigerian Military Counter-Rebellion July, 1966&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804013943/http://www.citizensfornigeria.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=33&amp;Itemid=45|date=4 August 2018}},''Citizens for Nigeria''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Max Siollun,[http://www.kwenu.com/publications/siollun/2009/ohsee_nigeria_coup_culture.htm &quot;Nigeria’s Military Coup Culture (1966–1976) – “The Best Book on the Period So Far”&quot;], ''June 2009''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nowa Omogui,[http://www.omoigui.com/nigerian_military_coups/ &quot;Operation 'Aure': Northern Nigerian Military Counter-Rebellion July, 1966&quot;], ''omoigui.com''&lt;/ref&gt;

Caggal kuudetaa konu gadano e nder leydi Nijeer ñalnde 15 lewru bowte hitaande 1966, Fani-Kayode e won e yimɓe teskinaaɓe fof, laamu konu Seneraal [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] nanngi ɗum en.&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardngr.com10&quot;&gt;Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ &quot;Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa&quot;], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Caggal ɗuum ɓe njaltinaa e lewru sulyee 1966, caggal kuudetaa to bannge worgo, tawi ko Lietnaa-Kolonel [[Murtala Muhammed]] e Mayor Teofilus Danjuma ardii ɗum en. Caggal nde Lietnaa-Kolonel [[Yakubu Gowon]] wonti hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Fani-Kayode ummii [[Naajeeriya]] e ɓesngu mum fof, o yahi wuro Brighton, to bannge maayo, to fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Angalteer.&lt;ref name=&quot;sleepless nights2&quot;&gt;[http://www.pointblanknews.com/os2240.html &quot;Soyinka, Umar gave OBJ sleepless nights -Fani Kayode&quot;], ''Point Blank News'', 4 October 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/22011/1/Obasanjo-Atiku-and-I-by-Fani-Kayode/Page1.html &quot;Obasanjo, Atiku and I, by Fani-Kayode&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726120211/http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/22011/1/Obasanjo-Atiku-and-I-by-Fani-Kayode/Page1.html|date=26 July 2011}}, ''The Nation'', By Our Reporter, 16 October 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Ɓe cosi galle, ɓe ngoni ɗoon e eggude duuɓi keewɗi. E hitaande 1978, o jeyaa ko e sosɓe e ardinooɓe lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer. E hitaande 1979, o suɓaama e jappeere cukko hooreejo ngenndiijo oon lannda e ngam anndinde darnde makko e ƴellitaare ngenndiire, o rokkaa teddungal Kumaandaŋ Ordo Niiseer e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono [[Shehu Shagari]].&lt;ref name=&quot;modernghana.com7&quot;&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakkunde 1990 e 1994, o jeyaa ko e fedde mawɓe fedde nde (NRC), gooto e lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗi laamu konu Seneraal [[Ibrahim Babangida]] sosi e nder laamu tataɓu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;modernghana.com8&quot;&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009&lt;/ref&gt; Caggal nde woote hooreejo leydi [[Moshood Abiola]] ndartinaa ñalnde 12 suwee 1993, Fani-Kayode ina jeyaa e ɓeen, winnduɓe e peeñcu e haalde ko tiiɗi ngam salaade wooteeji ɗii. O yahi haa ñaawirdu ngam haala kaa. E hitaande 1994, laamu Seneraal [[Sani Abacha]] toɗɗii mo e nder fedde ñaawoore ''Justice'' Kayode Eso, nde ƴeewtindii no feewi, nde wallitii e laaɓtinde ñaawoore leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e ittude ñaawooɓe bonɓe.&lt;ref name=&quot;modernghana.com9&quot;&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Remi-Adia.jpg|thumb|Mawɗo Remilekun Fani-Kayode e debbo mum mawɗo (Mrs) Adia Fani-Kayode e hitaande 1975]]

== Caalaje ==
Fani-Kayode ko debbo mawɗo (Mrs) Adia Adunni Fani-Kayode. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe njoyo : Akinola Adedapo Fani-Kayode, [[Rotimi Fani-Kayode]], [[Femi Fani-Kayode]], debbo Toyin Bajela e debbo Tolu Fanning. Fani-Kayode kadi dañii ɓiɓɓe nayo woɗɓe (wonaa e Adia Adunni): Aina Ogunbe, Remi [[Nana Akuffo-Addo]], Tokunbo Fani-Kayode e Ladipo Fani-Kayode&lt;ref name=&quot;modernghana.com10&quot;&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="21904" sha1="athuuxt8hl31gifow0k519pnpvy3t0k" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Mawɗo '''Victor Babaremilekun Adetokunboh Fani-Kayode''' (22 Duujal 1921 – Oktoobar 1995) ko neɗɗo dawriyanke, jom jawdi, ngenndiyanke, dowla e awokaa. O suɓaama cukko hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] e hitaande 1963&lt;ref name=&quot;modernghana.com&quot;&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardngr.com&quot;&gt;Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ &quot;Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa&quot;], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;, o waɗii darnde mawnde e nder daartol sariya e politik leydi [[Naajeeriya]] gila e darorɗe kitaale 1940 haa o maayi e hitaande 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;modernghana.com2&quot;&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FANI-KAYODE, (Chief) Victor Babaremilekun Adetokunboh(late)|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/fani-kayode-chief-remi-ade/|last=Admin|date=2017-01-25|website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/1620/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-fiction.html|access-date=2020-05-30|website=Nigerian Voice}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Iwdi galle==
Fani-Kayode ummii ko e galle [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] mawɗo e jaŋnguɗo no feewi to Ife, jeyaaɗo to fombina-fuɗnaange leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. Mawniiko, hono Rev. Emmanuel Adedapo Kayode, ko almuudo Angalteer, keɓɗo dipolomaaji mum Master to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Fourah Bay, ngal e oon sahaa jeyaa ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Durham. Ɗum waɗi ko e hitaande 1885. Baaba makko, Victor Adedapo Kayode, janngi sariya, o heɓi bak makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Selwyn, Cambridge e hitaande 1921. O noddiraa to suudu dewal hakkundeejo e hitaande 1922, o yahi haa o wonti awokaa mawɗo, caggal ɗuum ñaawoowo, to leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=rp441|date=2017-07-21|title=Downing's Early Black Cantabs|url=https://www.dow.cam.ac.uk/about/downing-college-archive/archives-college-history/downings-early-black-cantabs|access-date=2020-11-19|website=Downing College Cambridge|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yumma makko ko debbo biyeteeɗo Aurora Kayode, jibinaaɗo Fanimokun, ɓiy debbo Rev. O heɓiino kadi dipoloma makko ''Master'' to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Fourah Bay, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo duɗal CMS ''Grammar to'' [[Lagos]], o golliima gila 1896 haa 1914.&lt;ref name=&quot;modernghana.com3&quot;&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009&lt;/ref&gt; Ko ɗum duɗal misiyoŋaaji ngal Biskop Samuel Ajayi Crowther sosi.&lt;ref&gt;Andrew F. Walls, &quot;Samuel Ajayi Crowther(1807–1891) Foremost African Christian of the Nineteenth Century&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;

E lewru Siilo hitaande 1958, o heɓi nasaraaku ngam wallugo motion ngam heɓugo ndimu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] haa suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] haa [[Lagos]]. O hollitii wonde jeytaare ina foti waɗeede ñalnde 2 abriil 1960&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com.ng&quot;&gt;&quot;Power in an Emergent African Nation&quot; by Richard L. Sklar, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;q=Nigerian+Political+Parties:+Power+in+an+Emergent+African+Nation], ''Google Books'', p. 269.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;motion&quot;&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/201009270537.html &quot;The Truth About the Motion for Independence&quot;], AllAfrica.com, 27 September 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; (minitaaji Hansard, 1958; lanndaaji dawrugol Nijeer ɗi Richard Sklar winndi: Doole e nder ngenndi [[Afrik]] ƴellitiiɗo, Jaayndeeji winndereeji, h. E hitaande 1959, wonno eɓɓaande woɗnde ƴettaande e nder Parlemaa leydi Nijeer, ɗaɓɓunde waylo-waylo seeɗa e eɓɓaande Fani-Kayode nde lewru sulyee 1958. Ndee eɓɓaande hesere, nde Sir [[Abubakar Tafawa balewa|Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] ƴetti, naamndii yo ñalngu 2 abriil 1960 jaɓaa e Parlemaa ngam heɓde ndimaagu, ngu jaɓaama jaɓaa e laamuuji koloñaal Angalteer, ina foti wayleede gila 2 abriil 1960 haa 1 oktoobar 1960 e nokku mum. Ndeeɗoo eɓɓaande waylo-waylo, caggal ɗuum, Parlemaa jaɓi ɗum, kadi Angalteer jaɓi ɗum. Ko noon ñalngu jeytaare leydi Nijeer, ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1960, haa jooni.&lt;ref name=&quot;motion2&quot;&gt;[http://allafrica.com/stories/201009270537.html &quot;The Truth About the Motion for Independence&quot;], AllAfrica.com, 27 September 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Jaŋde e nguurndam gollal==
Caggal nde o timmini jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ''King’s College'', to [[Lagos University Teaching Hospital|Lagos]], Fani-Kayode yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Downing to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cambridge, e hitaande 1941. O waɗii jaŋdeeji Bar Biritaan, o ari to dow e hitaande makko e nder leydi Biritaan fof.&lt;ref name=&quot;modernghana.com4&quot;&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009&lt;/ref&gt; O noddaama haa suudu defte Biritaniya haa ''Middle Temple'' nder hitaande 1945, o toɗɗaama ardiiɗo ''Queen’s Counsel'' nder hitaande 1960, o laati tataɓo e ɓurduɗo famɗugo haa lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] heɓugo tiitoonde nden. Caggal mum, e hitaande 1977, o waɗtaama Awokaa mawɗo to leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] (SAN), o woni [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] tataɓo heɓde ndee ɗoo ceergal.&lt;ref name=&quot;modernghana.com5&quot;&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1948, o sosi fedde awokaaji gadane e nder leydi Nijeer, hono &quot;Thomas, Williams e Kayode&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;nigerdeltacongress.com&quot;&gt;Femi Fani-Kayode,[http://www.nigerdeltacongress.com/iarticles/in_remembrance_of_fani_power.htm &quot;In remembrance of Fani Power&quot;], ''NigerDeltaCongress.com''&lt;/ref&gt; kanko e awokaaji ɗiɗi goɗɗi, hono Frederick Rotimi Williams e Bode Thomas, ɓe njanngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cambridge e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres.&lt;ref name=&quot;modernghana.com6&quot;&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardngr.com2&quot;&gt;Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ &quot;Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa&quot;], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;E hitaande 1970, o sosi fedde awokaaji woɗnde &quot;Fani-Kayode e Sowemimo&quot; e sehil makko ɓooyɗo, mawɗo Sobo Sowemimo S.A.N.&lt;ref name=&quot;nigerdeltacongress.com2&quot;&gt;Femi Fani-Kayode,[http://www.nigerdeltacongress.com/iarticles/in_remembrance_of_fani_power.htm &quot;In remembrance of Fani Power&quot;], ''NigerDeltaCongress.com''&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Remilekun-Fani-Kayode.jpg|thumb|'''Remilekun-Fani-Kayode''']]

== Golle politik ==
Fani-Kayode waɗii darnde mawnde nder hare ngam heɓugo ndimu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. E hitaande 1952, kanko e Rotimi Williams, Bode Thomas e woɗɓe heewɓe, o nanngaa e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal Angalteer sabu darnde makko tiiɗnde e tiiɗnde e nder hare Angalteer.&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardngr.com3&quot;&gt;Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ &quot;Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa&quot;], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; O suɓaama hooreejo fedde sukaaɓe ''Action Group'' e hitaande 1954. O sosi fedde sukaaɓe ngam lannda ka, ɓe ɓoornii ko &quot;shirts noirs&quot; e ɓe kuutorii &quot;mosquito&quot; ngam hollirde mettere maɓɓe e laamu koloñaal Angalteer.&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardngr.com4&quot;&gt;Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ &quot;Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa&quot;], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kadi, nder hitaande 1954, Fani-Kayode suɓaama nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] dow laynde hooreejo [[Obafemi Awolowo]], nden o jokki hare maako ngam heɓugo ndimu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] diga ton.&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardngr.com5&quot;&gt;Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ &quot;Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa&quot;], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Ko kanko woni balloowo Sekereteer Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e nder fedde nde, e nder ɗuum, o waɗii darnde tiiɗnde, kanko e Sekereteer Fedde nde, hono mawɗo Ayo Rosiji, e nder yuɓɓo e njuɓɓudi Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Kanko e mawɗo Awolowo, S. O. Ighodaro, E. O. Eyo, Adeyemi Lawson e S. G. Ikoku, ɓe ngoni ko e lomtaade fedde gollorde ndee e batu doosgal leydi Londres e hitaande 1957.&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com.ng2&quot;&gt;&quot;Power in an Emergent African Nation&quot; by Richard L. Sklar, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;q=Nigerian+Political+Parties:+Power+in+an+Emergent+African+Nation], ''Google Books'', p. 269.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1957, o ardii fedde awokaaji ''Action Group'', ɓe ndaranii e haɓaade yimɓe leƴƴi tokoosi to Fuɗnaange to Komiseer leƴƴi pamari Willinks e nder ɗaɓɓaande maɓɓe ngam sosde diiwaan beldital hakkundeewal, ngal fotnoo ko seertude e diiwaan ɓooyɗo Fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com.ng3&quot;&gt;&quot;Power in an Emergent African Nation&quot; by Richard L. Sklar, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;q=Nigerian+Political+Parties:+Power+in+an+Emergent+African+Nation], ''Google Books'', p. 269.&lt;/ref&gt; E lewru juko hitaande 1958, o wadi kuugal ngam heɓugo ndimu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardngr.com6&quot;&gt;Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ &quot;Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa&quot;], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Power in an Emergent African Nation'' by Richard L. Sklar, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUCdq], ''Google Books'', Page 269&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; (minte Hansard, 1958; hello 269; yi'annde porfeseer Onabamiro dow taariiha lesdi [[Naajeeriya]], hello 140).

E hitaande 1959, Fani-Kayode woppi golle mum e fedde ''Action Group'', o naati e Diiso ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer e Kameruun, lannda luulndo. E hitaande 1960, o suɓaama hooreejo NCNC to suudu sarɗiiji hirnaange.&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardngr.com7&quot;&gt;Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ &quot;Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa&quot;], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1963, o suɓaama cukko hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] e les njiimaandi hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], hono Samuel Akintola, e dow laylaytol lannda leydi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardngr.com8&quot;&gt;Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ &quot;Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa&quot;], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com.ng4&quot;&gt;&quot;Power in an Emergent African Nation&quot; by Richard L. Sklar, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;q=Nigerian+Political+Parties:+Power+in+an+Emergent+African+Nation], ''Google Books'', p. 269.&lt;/ref&gt;O toɗɗaa kadi jaagorgal geɗe laamu nokkuuji e nder diiwaan hirnaange e hitaande ndee tan.&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardngr.com9&quot;&gt;Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ &quot;Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa&quot;], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

E nder waktuuji 15 subaka ñalnde 15 lewru bowte hitaande 1966, Major [[Kaduna Nzeogwu]], ofisee konu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], etinooma waɗde kuudetaa konu gadano e nder daartol leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. Eɓɓoore ndee, hay so tawii noon nde dartinaaka, waɗii ƴiiƴam keewɗam, terɗe mawɗe keewɗe e lannda laamu nguu, militeer en e laamu ñalnde heen, mbaraa e bonanndeeji. Subaka law, kuuɓtodinɓe ɓee, e gardagol kapiteen Emmanuel Nwobosi, njani e galle Fani-Kayode, cukko hooreejo leydi diiwaan hirnaange. Fani-Kayode, murtuɓe ɓee mbonni ɗum yeeso ɓesngu makko e yeeso ɓiyiiko biyeteeɗo Femi Fani-Kayode, wonnooɗo jaagorgal ko feewti e diwooje leydi Najeriya duuɓi 40 caggal ɗuum.&lt;ref&gt;Nowa Omoigui ,[http://dawodu.com/omoigui64.htm &quot;Flashback To History: Yakubu Gowon And Fani-Kayode&quot;],''Dawodu.com'', January 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Toyin Fani-Kayode,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/12/02/fani-kayode-to-owei-lakemfa-by-toyin-fani-kayode/ &quot;Fani-Kayode to Owei Lakemfa&quot;], ''Vanguard'', 2 December 2009&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sleepless nights&quot;&gt;[http://www.pointblanknews.com/os2240.html &quot;Soyinka, Umar gave OBJ sleepless nights -Fani Kayode&quot;], ''Point Blank News'', 4 October 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Ndeen ɓe njaltini mo haa nokku mo anndaaka. Caggal nde ɓe njalti galle Fani-Kayode, muñooɓe ɓee, tawi Fani-Kayode ina ngondi e mum en, njahi to galle mawɗo [[S.L. Akintola,]] gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi diiwaan hirnaange. Ɓe naati galle makko kadi, ɓe mbari mo e yeeso ɓesngu makko. Ɓe ngañi kadi taaniiko e jom suudu makko.

Fani-Kayode seediima warngo sehil mum S.L. Akintola e murtuɓe ɓee, ummoraade toon, o nawaa to kanton militeer to [[Lagos]], ɗo o fotnoo kadi warde mo. Kono, ko moƴƴi e makko, nde o arti e kanton militeer [[Ikeja]] to [[Lagos]], murtuɓe ɓee ndartinaama, ndartinaama, mbaraama e juuɗe konuuli lollirɗi e gardagol Lietnaa-kolonel [[Yakubu Gowon]] (mo caggal ɗuum wonti hooreejo leydi Nijeer). Fani-Kayode ko lollirɓe ɓee ndimɗini ɗum, ɓe ngoppi ɗum e nder galle kisal haa nde sariya e deeƴre ngarti e leydi ndii. Eɓɓoore kuudetaa ndee, doole lollirɗe ɗee ndartini ɗum no feewi, ardiiɓe mum fof mbaraa walla nanngaa. Won e ardiiɓe laamu teeŋtuɓe e mawɓe konu nguu, ɓe njani e galleeji mum en e oon jamma, ina jeyaa heen [[Ahmadu Bello]] (hooreejo leydi ndii), [[Abubakar Tafawa balewa|Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] (hooreejo leydi ndii), Okotie-Eboh (jaagorgal kaalis leydi ndii), Seneraal Maimalari (hooreejo konu leydi ndii). Garrison). Fani-Kayode, wondude e Sir Kashim Ibraahiima (Guwerneer diiwaan worgo) ko kamɓe tan mbaraa.

Ndeen noon, Seneraal [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] ƴetti laamu e juuɗe heddiiɓe e laamu Tafawa Balewa ñalnde 16 [[lewru]] nduu, ñalnde heen o dañii nafoore e haɓaade murto Major Nzeogwu e etaade kuudetaa bonɗo. Nden o hoosi kuugal hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] e ardiiɗo konu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. Kono, lebbi seeɗa caggal ɗuum, o woppitaa e kuudetaa worgo, baɗnooɗo nafoore, baɗnooɗo ñalnde 29 sulyee 1966, tawi ko Lietnaa-kolonel [[Murtala Mohammed]] e Lietnaa-kolonel [[Yakubu Gowon]] (hono no ɓe ngonnoo e oon sahaa nii) ardii ɗum. E nder kuudetaa oo, seneraal [[Jonson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] nanngaa to [[Ibadan]], kanko e jaɓɓiiɗo ɗum, hono seneraal [[Adekunle Fajuyi]], e juuɗe soldateeɓe worgo e gardagol major [[Teofilus Danjuma]] (hono no o wonnoo e oon sahaa nii). Ndeen worɓe ɗiɗo ɓee fof ndartinaama, nawaa to ladde sara laawol, ɓe ɓoornaama comci, ɓe mbaraa. Ko hono noon bonannde kuudetaa &quot;''revenge''&quot; to bannge worgo ñalnde 29 sulyee 1966, nde ko famɗi fof 300 ofisee konu Igbo e ofiseeji ɗi ngonaa ofiseeji mbaraa. Ɗumɗoon noon, e nder caɗeele goɗɗe, ofiseeji worgo ɗii ina cikki wonde Seneraal Aguiyi-Ironsi ina joginoo miijo no feewi e Major Nzeogwu e wondiiɓe mum, caggal kuudetaa ñalnde 15 [[lewru]] Yarkomaa, tawi ko heewɓe e ardiiɓe worgo (Hausa – Fulani) e ardiiɓe politik mawɓe (Yoru) e militeeruuji hirnaange (Yoru). waraa.

Tuumeede ofiseeji worgo ɗii wonde won nanondiral e paamondiral hakkunde fedde Nzeogwu e Seneraal [[Aguiyi-Ironsi]], ɓeydi heen ko Aguiyi-Ironsi jeyaa ko e leñol Igbo. Duuɓi capanɗe tati caggal warngo makko, ɓiy Aguiyi-Ironsi, hono Thomas Aguiyi-Ironsi, ina foti wonde jaagorgal ko feewti e ndeenka leydi Nijeer, o ƴetti oon darnde e juuɗe Seneraal Teofilus Danjuma, gorko barɗo baaba makko duuɓi 40 ko adii ɗuum. Heewɓe mbiyi wonde aawdi kuuɓtodinndi ofisee worgo oo e lewru sulyee 1966, seediiɗo warngooji Seneraal Aguiyi-Ironsi e ofiseeji keewɗi goɗɗi, baɗnooɗi haa jooni, ko ɗum addani wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Nijeer, ko oon jamma 15 lewru Yarkomaa, ko ƴiiƴam makko Major e Nzewug worɓe.&lt;ref&gt;[[Max Siollun]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=t5Q78sVbLakC&amp;dq=death+of+remi+fani-kayode&amp;pg=PA46 ''Oil, politics and violence: Nigeria's military coup culture (1966–1976)''], Google Books, p. 46.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Dr. Nowa Omoigui,[http://www.citizensfornigeria.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=33&amp;Itemid=45 &quot;Northern Nigerian Military Counter-Rebellion July, 1966&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804013943/http://www.citizensfornigeria.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=33&amp;Itemid=45|date=4 August 2018}},''Citizens for Nigeria''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Max Siollun,[http://www.kwenu.com/publications/siollun/2009/ohsee_nigeria_coup_culture.htm &quot;Nigeria’s Military Coup Culture (1966–1976) – “The Best Book on the Period So Far”&quot;], ''June 2009''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nowa Omogui,[http://www.omoigui.com/nigerian_military_coups/ &quot;Operation 'Aure': Northern Nigerian Military Counter-Rebellion July, 1966&quot;], ''omoigui.com''&lt;/ref&gt;

Caggal kuudetaa konu gadano e nder leydi Nijeer ñalnde 15 lewru bowte hitaande 1966, Fani-Kayode e won e yimɓe teskinaaɓe fof, laamu konu Seneraal [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] nanngi ɗum en.&lt;ref name=&quot;vanguardngr.com10&quot;&gt;Chuks Akunna,[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/11/25/re-fani-kayode-the-lies-and-distortions-of-owei-lakemfa/ &quot;Re: Fani-Kayode: The Lies and Distortions of Owei Lakemfa&quot;], ''Vanguard'', 25 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Caggal ɗuum ɓe njaltinaa e lewru sulyee 1966, caggal kuudetaa to bannge worgo, tawi ko Lietnaa-Kolonel [[Murtala Muhammed]] e Mayor Teofilus Danjuma ardii ɗum en. Caggal nde Lietnaa-Kolonel [[Yakubu Gowon]] wonti hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Fani-Kayode ummii [[Naajeeriya]] e ɓesngu mum fof, o yahi wuro Brighton, to bannge maayo, to fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Angalteer.&lt;ref name=&quot;sleepless nights2&quot;&gt;[http://www.pointblanknews.com/os2240.html &quot;Soyinka, Umar gave OBJ sleepless nights -Fani Kayode&quot;], ''Point Blank News'', 4 October 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/22011/1/Obasanjo-Atiku-and-I-by-Fani-Kayode/Page1.html &quot;Obasanjo, Atiku and I, by Fani-Kayode&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726120211/http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/22011/1/Obasanjo-Atiku-and-I-by-Fani-Kayode/Page1.html|date=26 July 2011}}, ''The Nation'', By Our Reporter, 16 October 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Ɓe cosi galle, ɓe ngoni ɗoon e eggude duuɓi keewɗi. E hitaande 1978, o jeyaa ko e sosɓe e ardinooɓe lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer. E hitaande 1979, o suɓaama e jappeere cukko hooreejo ngenndiijo oon lannda e ngam anndinde darnde makko e ƴellitaare ngenndiire, o rokkaa teddungal Kumaandaŋ Ordo Niiseer e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono [[Shehu Shagari]].&lt;ref name=&quot;modernghana.com7&quot;&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakkunde 1990 e 1994, o jeyaa ko e fedde mawɓe fedde nde (NRC), gooto e lanndaaji ɗiɗi ɗi laamu konu Seneraal [[Ibrahim Babangida]] sosi e nder laamu tataɓu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;modernghana.com8&quot;&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009&lt;/ref&gt; Caggal nde woote hooreejo leydi [[Moshood Abiola]] ndartinaa ñalnde 12 suwee 1993, Fani-Kayode ina jeyaa e ɓeen, winnduɓe e peeñcu e haalde ko tiiɗi ngam salaade wooteeji ɗii. O yahi haa ñaawirdu ngam haala kaa. E hitaande 1994, laamu Seneraal [[Sani Abacha]] toɗɗii mo e nder fedde ñaawoore ''Justice'' Kayode Eso, nde ƴeewtindii no feewi, nde wallitii e laaɓtinde ñaawoore leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] e ittude ñaawooɓe bonɓe.&lt;ref name=&quot;modernghana.com9&quot;&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Remi-Adia.jpg|thumb|Mawɗo Remilekun Fani-Kayode e debbo mum mawɗo (Mrs) Adia Fani-Kayode e hitaande 1975]]

== Caalaje ==
Fani-Kayode ko debbo mawɗo (Mrs) Adia Adunni Fani-Kayode. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe njoyo : Akinola Adedapo Fani-Kayode, [[Rotimi Fani-Kayode]], [[Femi Fani-Kayode]], debbo Toyin Bajela e debbo Tolu Fanning. Fani-Kayode kadi dañii ɓiɓɓe nayo woɗɓe (wonaa e Adia Adunni): Aina Ogunbe, Remi [[Nana Akuffo-Addo]], Tokunbo Fani-Kayode e Ladipo Fani-Kayode&lt;ref name=&quot;modernghana.com10&quot;&gt;Emmanuel Ajibulu ,[http://modernghana.com/news/251696/1/chief-remi-fani-kayode-the-facts-and-not-the-ficti.html &quot;Chief Remi Fani-Kayode: The Facts and Not the Fiction&quot;], ModernGhaha.com, November 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Naajeeriya]]</text>
      <sha1>athuuxt8hl31gifow0k519pnpvy3t0k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Maayo Luphephe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-19T19:11:56Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Nnamadee</username>
        <id>11577</id>
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      <text bytes="13175" sha1="20jq7mjqijz4z27jmor4f4itcgn1noh" xml:space="preserve">&lt;ref&gt;Mashilwane 2024:17&lt;/ref&gt;{{Databox}}

'''Maayo Luphephe''' ummotoo ko e nokku Guyuni, to fuɗnaange Thohoyandou, ngam hawrude e maayo Nwanedi nder nokku keeriiɗo e nokku ɓuuɓɗo Nwanedi, waɗta ɗum baraaji Nwanedi – Luphephe. Ɗoon e ɗoon les ɓuuɓol ngol, maayo Nwanedi ina jokki e ɓuuɓde haa ɓurti keeri ɓuuɓol ngol rewrude e laawol ɓuuɓngol e nder weeyo Limpopo ɗo ngol hawri e maayo Limpopo. Maayo Luphehe e ɓulli mum ina ndokka ndiyam ndema, kullon ladde, e yimɓe hoɗɓe e nder maayo Limpopo. Reservoir e resort Nwanedi ina mbayli seeɗa e laabi dogginde sarwisaaji mum en e mbayliigu ngu yiyataa, kadi turism ina naftoroo renndooji koɗdiiɗi ɗii. Sabu ɗuum, teeru ina wonta cuɓagol ɓurngol moƴƴude wonande nokkuuji turism, gila e adventure, pinal, leƴƴi e ekoturism, so en limtii heen seeɗa. Kosam toowɗam maayo Luphephe e Nwanedi fof tawaama ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii e sensitiviteeji. Nii woni wonta huunde himmunde ngam reende ɓulli toowɗi ɗii e nder ngonka naftoraaka walla moƴƴa.

== Ɓawo ==

=== Feccere fuɗɗorde maayo ngoo ===
Maayo Luphephe ko maayo mawngo duumotoongo e maayo Nwanedi e nder wuro Musina, wuro diiwaan Vhembe e nder diiwaan Limpopo, Afrik worgo. Iwdi mayre woni ko e leegal Guyuni/Dzumbama/Tshitandani/Tshamulungwi hedde 10 km hade mum hawrude e maayo Nwanedi e nokku mum toowɗo. Nokku toowɗo maayo Luphephe ina waawi fecceede e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Waterfall to Mountain ɗi tawaaɗi e nder ndeeɗoo maayo fof.

Zone source fuɗɗotoo ko e tooweeki 976 meeter, njuuteendi mum ko hedde kiloomeeteer gooto. Zone torrent Waterfall to Mountain ina ilna hakkunde 915 e 610 meeteer dow koye maayo dow ŋoral tokosal e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal. Substratum maayo ngoo fof ɓuri heewde ko sifaa kaaƴe, ina waɗi kaaƴe, kaaƴe e kaaƴe mawɗe. Sahaa e sahaa fof ɓuuɓri ceene ina waɗa.&lt;ref&gt;Mokgalong 1981:10&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko adii nde naatata e nokku keso Nwanedi, e resort nde hawrata e maayo Savhani. Maayo Savhani fuɗɗotoo ko e Gwangwatini, rewa Ngalavhani, Tshitanje, Musunda, Gumela, Helula 2, e Tshikotoni (anndiraango Manzhenge). E dow maayo Luphephe ina waɗi nokkuuji ndema haa e daande maayo&lt;ref&gt;Angliss 2007:13&lt;/ref&gt; renndooji taariiɗi ɗii. Maayo Luphephe ina hawra e maayo Nwanedi nder nokku keeriiɗo Nwanedi, e resort, ina waɗa baraasuuji Nwanedi – Luphephe.

=== Feccere hakkundeere maayo ngo ===
E hitaande 1964, e dow ɗaɓɓaande Yiilirde ndiyam Nwanedi, Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam mahii baraas Luphephe e baraas Nwanedi, gooto e dow kala maayo Luphephe e maayo Nwanedi,&lt;ref&gt;Mokgalong 1981:3&lt;/ref&gt; ngam ndiyam. Koɗorɗe arc dam Luphephe ina njogii 39 meeteer toowɗo, ina njogii 14 800 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo. Koɗorɗe arc dam Nwanedi ina njogii 36 meeteer toowɗo, ina njogii 5 310 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo. Baraaji ɗiɗi ɗii e saraaji mum en fotde 9000 ektaar, kolliraama ko nokkuuji restoraaji Nwanedi e hitaande 1979.&lt;ref&gt;Madanire-Moyo, GN. et.al. 2010. Ecology of metazoan parasites of Clarias gariepinus (Osteichthyes: Clariidae) from the Nwanedi-Luphephe Dams of the Limpopo River System, South Africa. African Zoology, 45(2): 849 – 862. P. 234. Available at: &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232084925_Ecology_of_Metazoan_Parasites_of_Clarias_gariepinus_Osteichthyes_Clariidae_from_the_Nwanedi-Luphephe_Dams_of_the_Limpopo_River_System_South_Africa&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

E fuɗɗoode ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam Luphephe hawri ko e Nwanedi to nokku les njiimaandi baraas hannde oo kono e mahngo baraasuuji e dow maayooji ɗiɗi ɗii fof, ngonka kaa wayliima seeɗa sabu jooni ina woodi kanndaa 2,5 meeter luggiɗiiɗo jokkondirɗo e ɓulli ndiyam ɗiɗi ɗii ko ina wona 100 meeteruuji e&lt;ref&gt;Mokgalong, NM. 1981. Aspects of the invertebrate ecology of the Nwanedi tributary of the Limpopo river: Submitted in fulfilment of part of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in the Department of Zoology in the faculty of mathematics and natural sciences at the University of the North, Pietersburg. Available at: &lt;nowiki&gt;http://ulspace.ul.ac.za/handle/10386/211&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; dow maayooji ɗii fof. Dame ɓuuɓɗe gonɗe e baraasuuji ɗii fof ina kuutoree ngam reentaade tolno ndiyam, e jogaade doole ndiyam les haa e nder weendu wooturu. Fotde 500 meeter dow maayo baraaji Nwanedi/Luphephe ina woodi ponto beton tokooso les, ina taƴa maayo ngoo, ummoraade e damal naatgol Gumela. Heen sahaaji ina heɓa ilam e ɓuuɓde njaareendi dow pont oo.&lt;ref&gt;Angliss 2007:14&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Feccere cakkitiinde maayo ngoo ===
Maayo ngoo ina jokki e bannge worgo, ina rewi e ŋoral Limpopo. Ko ɗoon ladde Limpopo ndee udditaa e yaasi nokku restoraaji Nwanedi e les njiimaandi falnde sakkitiinde hakkunde tule, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko maadi kaaƴe ɓutte e maayo ina rewi heen.&lt;ref&gt;Angliss 2007: 14&lt;/ref&gt; Maayo ngo yahrata ko e baraas Cross (renndo Muswodi Tshisimani ina noddira baraas Cross Gondoza) ko ɗum woni e nder les njiimaandi.&lt;ref&gt;Mashilwane 2024:12&lt;/ref&gt; Dam Cross oo mahaa ko ngam rokkude ndiyam ngam ilnude gese ndema, remde jawdi, remde jawdi e koɗkiiji laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗii.[10] Ɗoon e ɗoon les njiimaandi Cross Dam e nder falnde ɗo ndiyam ɗam ɓuri yaajde ko 3 haa 6 m, ina woodi ŋoral ɗo laawol tar Tshipise/Pafuri taƴata maayo Nwanedi.[11]

Maayo ngo ina yahra haa ngo hawri e maayo Limpopo to nokku kilooji sappo to fuɗnaange Malaladrift,[12] to keeri Zimbaabwee to tooweeki 340 meeteer. Maayo ngoo fof ina woni e nder nokkuuji njuvvudi ndiyam Limpopo, ina woni e nder nokkuuji vurzi waawde wonde e 1136 km2 e 24,5 10 (6)M3 e nder yontere nde. Baraaji Nwanedi – Luphephe ko baraasuuji tan Afrik worgo maantinɗi e nder weendu nduu.[13]

== Nafoore faggudu/ekolosii ==

=== Ndema e nguurndam ===
Demal ina hawra e peewnugol gese e jawdi, ndema ndiyam, e laddeeji ngam nguura e geɗe ɗe ngonaa nguura. Renndooji hoɗɓe e maayo ngo ina kuutoroo maayo Luphephe ngam lootde comci, ɓuuɓnude gese e jogaade jawdi,[14] e ko nanndi heen. To bannge maayo Luphephe mawngo, vursugol vursugol ngol ta/aama e nder leydi ndi vursugol ndiyam ngol vursata ngam diwde jawdi. Dippol ngol waɗiraa ko laawol ɓuuɓngol ngol daabaaji ɗii njahata, ina ɓuuɓna ɗum en e ndiyam ɓurɗam luggiɗde haa daaba oo ɓuuɓtoo haa laaɓa. Kanaal oo mahiraa ko e hitaande 1927 e leydi Tshikotoni. Renndooji Tshitanzhe, Musunda, Gumela, Helula 2, Tshikotoni e Tshitandani ina keewi diwde toon jawdi mum en kala jonte ɗiɗi fuɗɗoraade waktuuji jeeɗiɗi haa duuɓi seeɗa caggal fajiri demokaraasi e hitaande 1994.

Laabi furrow ɗii kadi ina kuutoree ngam ndiyam remooɓe gese e dow daande maayo e leydi Tshikotoni. Remooɓe mawɓe ɓee ko leñol Mukwevho, leñol Dzuguda, leñol Phupheli, leñol Nekhumbe, leñol Chauke, leñol Nethononda, leñol Mufamadi, leñol Ndou dza Manenzhe, leñol Luranga e leñol Langanda (ngesa maɓɓe ina anndiranoo Galauvhe). Yanti heen, maayo Luphephe ina rokka remooɓe gese ndiyam e daande maayo Helula 2. Gese ko wayi no kaaƴe, gawri, ñebbe, ñebbe, mangooji e banaana ina ndema toon gila e yontaaji keewɗi. Leñol Mathukha/Marubini, leñol Phupheli (ngesa maɓɓe ina wiyee Makhothoni), leñol Madumi, leñol Kwinda la ha Tshirundu, leñol Netshishangane, leñol Manenzhe e leñol Mukwevho ko remooɓe ɓurɓe heewde e leydi Helula 2. Leñol Mukwevho e leñol Manenzhe kadi ina njula beeli e nder luumooji ngenndiiji e hakkunde leyɗeele so tawii ɓe mooftii geɗe moƴƴe e kitaale 1980.

Nguurndam ina waɗi mbaawka heɓde geɗe baawɗe wonde fof ngam waawde huutoraade koye mum en e galle mum en. Rewɓe e sukaaɓe rewɓe to Tshikotoni, Helula 2 e Gumela ina kuutoroo maayo Luphephe ngam ƴettude ndiyam ngam ñaamde e nder galleeji. Kadi ɓe lootata ko ɓuuɓri e comci maɓɓe to maayo Luphephe duuɓi keewɗi. Worɓe e sukaaɓe tokosɓe ina kuutoroo maayo ngoo ngam nanngude liɗɗi ngam wuurde e lummbaade.

=== Sifaa ndiyam Nwanedi ===
Nde basin oo udditaa e yaasi nokku restoraaji Nwanedi e les njiimaandi falnde sakkitiinde hakkunde tule, maayo ngoo ina rokka ndiyam ngam remde gese e njulaagu e nder wuro Folovhodwe. Koolol Folovhodwe sosaa ko e hitaande 1986 ngam jibinde ƴiye mango e sitrus ngam ƴellitde Venda ndeen, to fuɗnaange Soutpansberg, e yaltinde leɗɗe ɗe ngalaa ñawu e leyɗeele hoɗdiiɓe.[15] Kosam ɗam ina rokka kadi ndiyam ngam ndema jawdi e ndema gese to Fedde Jeyi leydi Nwanedi (Fedde Jeyi leydi Nwanedi sosaa ko caggal nde ɗaɓɓaande leydi ngam renndinde e yoɓde). Renndooji ɗi ina mbaɗi Folovhodwe, Tshikhudini, Tanda, e Tshiphale. Nokku oo ina jeyaa e peeje ndiyam Nwanedi tawaaɗe to fuɗnaange koɗli Soutpansberg, fotde 40 Kilomeeteer to fuɗnaange-rewo Tshipise e nder diiwaan Vhembe e nder diiwaan Limpopo, Afrik worgo.

Nwanedi Irrigation scheme ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 300 remoowo tokooso, ɓe ndemata ko leɗɗe ndiyam ko ɓuri heewde ko tomateeji. Remooɓe ina ƴetta ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e maayo hee tawa ina kuutoroo mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam.[16] Irrigaasiyoŋ toɓo ko jillondiral ngam hisnude ndiyam e ƴellitaare ɓurnde heewde ina ɓeyda ko famɗi fof 50% e kuutoragol ndiyam, ƴellitaare e nder yuɓɓo ndiyam, kadi ina waɗa ɗum karallaagal ɓurngal mawnude e nder caɗeele winndereyankooje ngam moƴƴinde peewnugol gese e nder caɗeele ndiyam mawɗe.[17] Ko vuri heewde e terɗe eɓɓaande ndee ina peewna fotde 100 ton tomateer e nder neɗɗo gooto e hektaar gooto walla 1000 kaaree (1000m2). Ko ɓuri heewde e remooɓe ina njogii hakkunde 10 e 100 hactor e ɓe peewna ko ɓuri heewde ko ngam yeeyde.[18]

Won cazeele ŋakkeende ndiyam ko wayi no ustude ndiyam rewrude e vursugol toowngol e tuubaaji vursugol ; nguleeki toowki addanoowo ndiyam toowɗam ɓuuɓde e maayo e ɓuuɓde e gese ; pottital ndiyam hakkunde remooɓe e huutortooɓe nder galleeji ina addana ɗum en luural e ŋakkeende potal ndiyam sabu remooɓe wonɓe e wutte les maayo ngoo ina keɓa ndiyam seeɗa walla hay dara so ndiyam maayo ngoo ina ustoo.[19] Hakindo hitaande kala [[evapotranspiraasiyoŋ]] ko 1400 mm. Temperaaji ina ceerti gila e lewru ɓurndu heewde e ɓurndu famɗude ko 33,52 e 21,30 degere Celsius e lewru feebariyee haa 25,6 e 8,6 degere Celsius e lewru Siilo.[20] Kono noon, Nwanedi irrigation Scheme hollirii laabi vurzi waawde reentaade to senngo gese ina heen veydude ndiyam maayo e tovo ngo wonnoo ko salinirde leydi wonaa cazeele ; ndiyam jamma so tawii ɓuuɓri e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri ina famɗi ; ustude nokkuuji ndema ngam heɓde mbaawka ndiyam maayo ; aawde gese ɗe yooro waawata heɓde ngam ustude kuutoragol ndiyam e sahaa nguleeki.[21]

=== Nafoore Ekolosii ===
Njeñtudi wizto 2007 hollirii, vursugol toowngol maayo Luphephe e maayo Nwanedi fof ina hiisee wonde ina jogii nafoore e senngooji ekolosii toowzi (EIS), tawi noon les vursugol Nwanedzi/baraas Luphephe ngol EIS ko Moderate. Ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri toowndi ndii ina fadi haa e nder nokkuuji taariindi Nwanedi, tawi noon e nder weeyo Limpopo, ina rewi e nokkuuji taariindi keertiiɗi walla e nder gese jawdi.[22] So en teskiima batte e diwooje nder ndee zoo zoo zoo zoo ina njokki e duuvi keewzi, ina sikkaa wonde ngonka zoo zoo zoo ina waawi waylude no feewi e nder yontaaji garooji.[23]

EIS ko maande tolno ndeenka maayo ngoo foti heɓde. Maanaa toowɗo ina foti reeneede haa wonta ngonka naftoraaka walla moƴƴa e les, firti ko ina famɗi nafoore reende walla ina jogii batte tawo e wonde ngalu nguu ina waawi ɓeydaade huutoreede.[24]

=== Turismo ===
Ekoturism ko feccere e yah-ngartaa jowitiingal e tago, ina hirjina weltaare yaajnde tawa ina wallita e reende e hisnude nokkuuji.[25] Agritourism ko sifaa gollorde njulaagu jokkondirnde e peewnugol ndema e/walla njulaagu e turism ngam dañde njilluuji e nder ngesa, e nder njulaagu, walla e nder njulaagu ndema goɗɗo ngam weltinde walla jannginde njilluuji ɗii tawa ina heɓa ngalu wonande ngesa, njulaagu, walla joom njulaagu. Skeemaaji turism-agrariyankooji renndo Nwanedi e leyɗeele ndema goɗɗe tuugiiɗe e toɓo ko golle laddeeji denndaaɗe.[26] Hiisiwal ngal hollitii wonde kominaaji Musina ina naftoroo jogaade nokkuuji turism keewɗi. Ina jeyaa heen nokku restoraaji Nwanedi e nokku restoraaji, nokku restoraaji Sagole Big Tree e nokku hoɗorde leɗɗe mawɗe.[27] Nokkuuji cuɓaaɗi ɗii (Folovhodwe, Gumela, Tshipise e Zwigodini) ina njokkondiri kadi e nokkuuji reentorɗi ɗii, ko wayi no baraasuuji Luphephe/Nwanedi[28].

Reserve nature Nwanedi, e resort ina mbayli seeɗa e laabi dogginde golle mum en e waylooji ɗi njiyataa, e turism ina naftoroo renndooji nokkuuji ɗii.[29] E nder ɗuum, gure teeru ɓuri moƴƴude e nokkuuji turism, gila e adventure, pinal, leƴƴi e ekoturism, e ko nanndi heen. Kono noon, laabi saraaji gure Folovhodwe e Gumela ina poti toppiteede ko yaawi ngam ɓeydude ƴellitaare turism e nder gollorɗe nokkuuje ɗee e nder nokkuuji restoraaji Nwanedi, e resort.[30] Nde turismaaɓe ngari e winndere ndee kala e lewru Duujal 2002 ngam seedaade geɗe lewru e nder Afrik worgo,[31] nokku restoraaji Nwanedi, e resort ina jeyaa e nokkuuji yiylotooɗi naange e nder wuro Musina e nder diiwaan Vhembe, e nder diiwaan Limpopo, Afrik worgo.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="13200" sha1="7scq6m9qtwiyi7wn85ss16ig2fvs8n2" xml:space="preserve">&lt;ref&gt;Mashilwane 2024:17&lt;/ref&gt;{{Databox}}

'''Maayo Luphephe''' ummotoo ko e nokku Guyuni, to fuɗnaange Thohoyandou, ngam hawrude e maayo Nwanedi nder nokku keeriiɗo e nokku ɓuuɓɗo Nwanedi, waɗta ɗum baraaji Nwanedi – Luphephe. Ɗoon e ɗoon les ɓuuɓol ngol, maayo Nwanedi ina jokki e ɓuuɓde haa ɓurti keeri ɓuuɓol ngol rewrude e laawol ɓuuɓngol e nder weeyo Limpopo ɗo ngol hawri e maayo Limpopo. Maayo Luphehe e ɓulli mum ina ndokka ndiyam ndema, kullon ladde, e yimɓe hoɗɓe e nder maayo Limpopo. Reservoir e resort Nwanedi ina mbayli seeɗa e laabi dogginde sarwisaaji mum en e mbayliigu ngu yiyataa, kadi turism ina naftoroo renndooji koɗdiiɗi ɗii. Sabu ɗuum, teeru ina wonta cuɓagol ɓurngol moƴƴude wonande nokkuuji turism, gila e adventure, pinal, leƴƴi e ekoturism, so en limtii heen seeɗa. Kosam toowɗam maayo Luphephe e Nwanedi fof tawaama ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii e sensitiviteeji. Nii woni wonta huunde himmunde ngam reende ɓulli toowɗi ɗii e nder ngonka naftoraaka walla moƴƴa.

== Ɓawo ==

=== Feccere fuɗɗorde maayo ngoo ===
Maayo Luphephe ko maayo mawngo duumotoongo e maayo Nwanedi e nder wuro Musina, wuro diiwaan Vhembe e nder diiwaan Limpopo, Afrik worgo. Iwdi mayre woni ko e leegal Guyuni/Dzumbama/Tshitandani/Tshamulungwi hedde 10 km hade mum hawrude e maayo Nwanedi e nokku mum toowɗo. Nokku toowɗo maayo Luphephe ina waawi fecceede e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Waterfall to Mountain ɗi tawaaɗi e nder ndeeɗoo maayo fof.

Zone source fuɗɗotoo ko e tooweeki 976 meeter, njuuteendi mum ko hedde kiloomeeteer gooto. Zone torrent Waterfall to Mountain ina ilna hakkunde 915 e 610 meeteer dow koye maayo dow ŋoral tokosal e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal. Substratum maayo ngoo fof ɓuri heewde ko sifaa kaaƴe, ina waɗi kaaƴe, kaaƴe e kaaƴe mawɗe. Sahaa e sahaa fof ɓuuɓri ceene ina waɗa.&lt;ref&gt;Mokgalong 1981:10&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko adii nde naatata e nokku keso Nwanedi, e resort nde hawrata e maayo Savhani. Maayo Savhani fuɗɗotoo ko e Gwangwatini, rewa Ngalavhani, Tshitanje, Musunda, Gumela, Helula 2, e Tshikotoni (anndiraango Manzhenge). E dow maayo Luphephe ina waɗi nokkuuji ndema haa e daande maayo&lt;ref&gt;Angliss 2007:13&lt;/ref&gt; renndooji taariiɗi ɗii. Maayo Luphephe ina hawra e maayo Nwanedi nder nokku keeriiɗo Nwanedi, e resort, ina waɗa baraasuuji Nwanedi – Luphephe.

=== Feccere hakkundeere maayo ngo ===
E hitaande 1964, e dow ɗaɓɓaande Yiilirde ndiyam Nwanedi, Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam mahii baraas Luphephe e baraas Nwanedi, gooto e dow kala maayo Luphephe e maayo Nwanedi,&lt;ref&gt;Mokgalong 1981:3&lt;/ref&gt; ngam ndiyam. Koɗorɗe arc dam Luphephe ina njogii 39 meeteer toowɗo, ina njogii 14 800 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo. Koɗorɗe arc dam Nwanedi ina njogii 36 meeteer toowɗo, ina njogii 5 310 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo. Baraaji ɗiɗi ɗii e saraaji mum en fotde 9000 ektaar, kolliraama ko nokkuuji restoraaji Nwanedi e hitaande 1979.&lt;ref&gt;Madanire-Moyo, GN. et.al. 2010. Ecology of metazoan parasites of Clarias gariepinus (Osteichthyes: Clariidae) from the Nwanedi-Luphephe Dams of the Limpopo River System, South Africa. African Zoology, 45(2): 849 – 862. P. 234. Available at: &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232084925_Ecology_of_Metazoan_Parasites_of_Clarias_gariepinus_Osteichthyes_Clariidae_from_the_Nwanedi-Luphephe_Dams_of_the_Limpopo_River_System_South_Africa&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

E fuɗɗoode ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam Luphephe hawri ko e Nwanedi to nokku les njiimaandi baraas hannde oo kono e mahngo baraasuuji e dow maayooji ɗiɗi ɗii fof, ngonka kaa wayliima seeɗa sabu jooni ina woodi kanndaa 2,5 meeter luggiɗiiɗo jokkondirɗo e ɓulli ndiyam ɗiɗi ɗii ko ina wona 100 meeteruuji e&lt;ref&gt;Mokgalong, NM. 1981. Aspects of the invertebrate ecology of the Nwanedi tributary of the Limpopo river: Submitted in fulfilment of part of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in the Department of Zoology in the faculty of mathematics and natural sciences at the University of the North, Pietersburg. Available at: &lt;nowiki&gt;http://ulspace.ul.ac.za/handle/10386/211&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; dow maayooji ɗii fof. Dame ɓuuɓɗe gonɗe e baraasuuji ɗii fof ina kuutoree ngam reentaade tolno ndiyam, e jogaade doole ndiyam les haa e nder weendu wooturu. Fotde 500 meeter dow maayo baraaji Nwanedi/Luphephe ina woodi ponto beton tokooso les, ina taƴa maayo ngoo, ummoraade e damal naatgol Gumela. Heen sahaaji ina heɓa ilam e ɓuuɓde njaareendi dow pont oo.&lt;ref&gt;Angliss 2007:14&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Feccere cakkitiinde maayo ngoo ===
Maayo ngoo ina jokki e bannge worgo, ina rewi e ŋoral Limpopo. Ko ɗoon ladde Limpopo ndee udditaa e yaasi nokku restoraaji Nwanedi e les njiimaandi falnde sakkitiinde hakkunde tule, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko maadi kaaƴe ɓutte e maayo ina rewi heen.&lt;ref&gt;Angliss 2007: 14&lt;/ref&gt; Maayo ngo yahrata ko e baraas Cross (renndo Muswodi Tshisimani ina noddira baraas Cross Gondoza) ko ɗum woni e nder les njiimaandi.&lt;ref&gt;Mashilwane 2024:12&lt;/ref&gt; Dam Cross oo mahaa ko ngam rokkude ndiyam ngam ilnude gese ndema, remde jawdi, remde jawdi e koɗkiiji laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗii.&lt;ref&gt;Mashilwane 2024:12&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗoon e ɗoon les njiimaandi Cross Dam e nder falnde ɗo ndiyam ɗam ɓuri yaajde ko 3 haa 6 m, ina woodi ŋoral ɗo laawol tar Tshipise/Pafuri taƴata maayo Nwanedi.[11]

Maayo ngo ina yahra haa ngo hawri e maayo Limpopo to nokku kilooji sappo to fuɗnaange Malaladrift,[12] to keeri Zimbaabwee to tooweeki 340 meeteer. Maayo ngoo fof ina woni e nder nokkuuji njuvvudi ndiyam Limpopo, ina woni e nder nokkuuji vurzi waawde wonde e 1136 km2 e 24,5 10 (6)M3 e nder yontere nde. Baraaji Nwanedi – Luphephe ko baraasuuji tan Afrik worgo maantinɗi e nder weendu nduu.[13]

== Nafoore faggudu/ekolosii ==

=== Ndema e nguurndam ===
Demal ina hawra e peewnugol gese e jawdi, ndema ndiyam, e laddeeji ngam nguura e geɗe ɗe ngonaa nguura. Renndooji hoɗɓe e maayo ngo ina kuutoroo maayo Luphephe ngam lootde comci, ɓuuɓnude gese e jogaade jawdi,[14] e ko nanndi heen. To bannge maayo Luphephe mawngo, vursugol vursugol ngol ta/aama e nder leydi ndi vursugol ndiyam ngol vursata ngam diwde jawdi. Dippol ngol waɗiraa ko laawol ɓuuɓngol ngol daabaaji ɗii njahata, ina ɓuuɓna ɗum en e ndiyam ɓurɗam luggiɗde haa daaba oo ɓuuɓtoo haa laaɓa. Kanaal oo mahiraa ko e hitaande 1927 e leydi Tshikotoni. Renndooji Tshitanzhe, Musunda, Gumela, Helula 2, Tshikotoni e Tshitandani ina keewi diwde toon jawdi mum en kala jonte ɗiɗi fuɗɗoraade waktuuji jeeɗiɗi haa duuɓi seeɗa caggal fajiri demokaraasi e hitaande 1994.

Laabi furrow ɗii kadi ina kuutoree ngam ndiyam remooɓe gese e dow daande maayo e leydi Tshikotoni. Remooɓe mawɓe ɓee ko leñol Mukwevho, leñol Dzuguda, leñol Phupheli, leñol Nekhumbe, leñol Chauke, leñol Nethononda, leñol Mufamadi, leñol Ndou dza Manenzhe, leñol Luranga e leñol Langanda (ngesa maɓɓe ina anndiranoo Galauvhe). Yanti heen, maayo Luphephe ina rokka remooɓe gese ndiyam e daande maayo Helula 2. Gese ko wayi no kaaƴe, gawri, ñebbe, ñebbe, mangooji e banaana ina ndema toon gila e yontaaji keewɗi. Leñol Mathukha/Marubini, leñol Phupheli (ngesa maɓɓe ina wiyee Makhothoni), leñol Madumi, leñol Kwinda la ha Tshirundu, leñol Netshishangane, leñol Manenzhe e leñol Mukwevho ko remooɓe ɓurɓe heewde e leydi Helula 2. Leñol Mukwevho e leñol Manenzhe kadi ina njula beeli e nder luumooji ngenndiiji e hakkunde leyɗeele so tawii ɓe mooftii geɗe moƴƴe e kitaale 1980.

Nguurndam ina waɗi mbaawka heɓde geɗe baawɗe wonde fof ngam waawde huutoraade koye mum en e galle mum en. Rewɓe e sukaaɓe rewɓe to Tshikotoni, Helula 2 e Gumela ina kuutoroo maayo Luphephe ngam ƴettude ndiyam ngam ñaamde e nder galleeji. Kadi ɓe lootata ko ɓuuɓri e comci maɓɓe to maayo Luphephe duuɓi keewɗi. Worɓe e sukaaɓe tokosɓe ina kuutoroo maayo ngoo ngam nanngude liɗɗi ngam wuurde e lummbaade.

=== Sifaa ndiyam Nwanedi ===
Nde basin oo udditaa e yaasi nokku restoraaji Nwanedi e les njiimaandi falnde sakkitiinde hakkunde tule, maayo ngoo ina rokka ndiyam ngam remde gese e njulaagu e nder wuro Folovhodwe. Koolol Folovhodwe sosaa ko e hitaande 1986 ngam jibinde ƴiye mango e sitrus ngam ƴellitde Venda ndeen, to fuɗnaange Soutpansberg, e yaltinde leɗɗe ɗe ngalaa ñawu e leyɗeele hoɗdiiɓe.[15] Kosam ɗam ina rokka kadi ndiyam ngam ndema jawdi e ndema gese to Fedde Jeyi leydi Nwanedi (Fedde Jeyi leydi Nwanedi sosaa ko caggal nde ɗaɓɓaande leydi ngam renndinde e yoɓde). Renndooji ɗi ina mbaɗi Folovhodwe, Tshikhudini, Tanda, e Tshiphale. Nokku oo ina jeyaa e peeje ndiyam Nwanedi tawaaɗe to fuɗnaange koɗli Soutpansberg, fotde 40 Kilomeeteer to fuɗnaange-rewo Tshipise e nder diiwaan Vhembe e nder diiwaan Limpopo, Afrik worgo.

Nwanedi Irrigation scheme ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 300 remoowo tokooso, ɓe ndemata ko leɗɗe ndiyam ko ɓuri heewde ko tomateeji. Remooɓe ina ƴetta ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e maayo hee tawa ina kuutoroo mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam.[16] Irrigaasiyoŋ toɓo ko jillondiral ngam hisnude ndiyam e ƴellitaare ɓurnde heewde ina ɓeyda ko famɗi fof 50% e kuutoragol ndiyam, ƴellitaare e nder yuɓɓo ndiyam, kadi ina waɗa ɗum karallaagal ɓurngal mawnude e nder caɗeele winndereyankooje ngam moƴƴinde peewnugol gese e nder caɗeele ndiyam mawɗe.[17] Ko vuri heewde e terɗe eɓɓaande ndee ina peewna fotde 100 ton tomateer e nder neɗɗo gooto e hektaar gooto walla 1000 kaaree (1000m2). Ko ɓuri heewde e remooɓe ina njogii hakkunde 10 e 100 hactor e ɓe peewna ko ɓuri heewde ko ngam yeeyde.[18]

Won cazeele ŋakkeende ndiyam ko wayi no ustude ndiyam rewrude e vursugol toowngol e tuubaaji vursugol ; nguleeki toowki addanoowo ndiyam toowɗam ɓuuɓde e maayo e ɓuuɓde e gese ; pottital ndiyam hakkunde remooɓe e huutortooɓe nder galleeji ina addana ɗum en luural e ŋakkeende potal ndiyam sabu remooɓe wonɓe e wutte les maayo ngoo ina keɓa ndiyam seeɗa walla hay dara so ndiyam maayo ngoo ina ustoo.[19] Hakindo hitaande kala [[evapotranspiraasiyoŋ]] ko 1400 mm. Temperaaji ina ceerti gila e lewru ɓurndu heewde e ɓurndu famɗude ko 33,52 e 21,30 degere Celsius e lewru feebariyee haa 25,6 e 8,6 degere Celsius e lewru Siilo.[20] Kono noon, Nwanedi irrigation Scheme hollirii laabi vurzi waawde reentaade to senngo gese ina heen veydude ndiyam maayo e tovo ngo wonnoo ko salinirde leydi wonaa cazeele ; ndiyam jamma so tawii ɓuuɓri e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri ina famɗi ; ustude nokkuuji ndema ngam heɓde mbaawka ndiyam maayo ; aawde gese ɗe yooro waawata heɓde ngam ustude kuutoragol ndiyam e sahaa nguleeki.[21]

=== Nafoore Ekolosii ===
Njeñtudi wizto 2007 hollirii, vursugol toowngol maayo Luphephe e maayo Nwanedi fof ina hiisee wonde ina jogii nafoore e senngooji ekolosii toowzi (EIS), tawi noon les vursugol Nwanedzi/baraas Luphephe ngol EIS ko Moderate. Ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri toowndi ndii ina fadi haa e nder nokkuuji taariindi Nwanedi, tawi noon e nder weeyo Limpopo, ina rewi e nokkuuji taariindi keertiiɗi walla e nder gese jawdi.[22] So en teskiima batte e diwooje nder ndee zoo zoo zoo zoo ina njokki e duuvi keewzi, ina sikkaa wonde ngonka zoo zoo zoo ina waawi waylude no feewi e nder yontaaji garooji.[23]

EIS ko maande tolno ndeenka maayo ngoo foti heɓde. Maanaa toowɗo ina foti reeneede haa wonta ngonka naftoraaka walla moƴƴa e les, firti ko ina famɗi nafoore reende walla ina jogii batte tawo e wonde ngalu nguu ina waawi ɓeydaade huutoreede.[24]

=== Turismo ===
Ekoturism ko feccere e yah-ngartaa jowitiingal e tago, ina hirjina weltaare yaajnde tawa ina wallita e reende e hisnude nokkuuji.[25] Agritourism ko sifaa gollorde njulaagu jokkondirnde e peewnugol ndema e/walla njulaagu e turism ngam dañde njilluuji e nder ngesa, e nder njulaagu, walla e nder njulaagu ndema goɗɗo ngam weltinde walla jannginde njilluuji ɗii tawa ina heɓa ngalu wonande ngesa, njulaagu, walla joom njulaagu. Skeemaaji turism-agrariyankooji renndo Nwanedi e leyɗeele ndema goɗɗe tuugiiɗe e toɓo ko golle laddeeji denndaaɗe.[26] Hiisiwal ngal hollitii wonde kominaaji Musina ina naftoroo jogaade nokkuuji turism keewɗi. Ina jeyaa heen nokku restoraaji Nwanedi e nokku restoraaji, nokku restoraaji Sagole Big Tree e nokku hoɗorde leɗɗe mawɗe.[27] Nokkuuji cuɓaaɗi ɗii (Folovhodwe, Gumela, Tshipise e Zwigodini) ina njokkondiri kadi e nokkuuji reentorɗi ɗii, ko wayi no baraasuuji Luphephe/Nwanedi[28].

Reserve nature Nwanedi, e resort ina mbayli seeɗa e laabi dogginde golle mum en e waylooji ɗi njiyataa, e turism ina naftoroo renndooji nokkuuji ɗii.[29] E nder ɗuum, gure teeru ɓuri moƴƴude e nokkuuji turism, gila e adventure, pinal, leƴƴi e ekoturism, e ko nanndi heen. Kono noon, laabi saraaji gure Folovhodwe e Gumela ina poti toppiteede ko yaawi ngam ɓeydude ƴellitaare turism e nder gollorɗe nokkuuje ɗee e nder nokkuuji restoraaji Nwanedi, e resort.[30] Nde turismaaɓe ngari e winndere ndee kala e lewru Duujal 2002 ngam seedaade geɗe lewru e nder Afrik worgo,[31] nokku restoraaji Nwanedi, e resort ina jeyaa e nokkuuji yiylotooɗi naange e nder wuro Musina e nder diiwaan Vhembe, e nder diiwaan Limpopo, Afrik worgo.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="13421" sha1="iu49d862gy3t5hfzcw9w75n9nsc21ie" xml:space="preserve">&lt;ref&gt;Mashilwane 2024:17&lt;/ref&gt;{{Databox}}

'''Maayo Luphephe''' ummotoo ko e nokku Guyuni, to fuɗnaange Thohoyandou, ngam hawrude e maayo Nwanedi nder nokku keeriiɗo e nokku ɓuuɓɗo Nwanedi, waɗta ɗum baraaji Nwanedi – Luphephe. Ɗoon e ɗoon les ɓuuɓol ngol, maayo Nwanedi ina jokki e ɓuuɓde haa ɓurti keeri ɓuuɓol ngol rewrude e laawol ɓuuɓngol e nder weeyo Limpopo ɗo ngol hawri e maayo Limpopo. Maayo Luphehe e ɓulli mum ina ndokka ndiyam ndema, kullon ladde, e yimɓe hoɗɓe e nder maayo Limpopo. Reservoir e resort Nwanedi ina mbayli seeɗa e laabi dogginde sarwisaaji mum en e mbayliigu ngu yiyataa, kadi turism ina naftoroo renndooji koɗdiiɗi ɗii. Sabu ɗuum, teeru ina wonta cuɓagol ɓurngol moƴƴude wonande nokkuuji turism, gila e adventure, pinal, leƴƴi e ekoturism, so en limtii heen seeɗa. Kosam toowɗam maayo Luphephe e Nwanedi fof tawaama ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii e sensitiviteeji. Nii woni wonta huunde himmunde ngam reende ɓulli toowɗi ɗii e nder ngonka naftoraaka walla moƴƴa.

== Ɓawo ==

=== Feccere fuɗɗorde maayo ngoo ===
Maayo Luphephe ko maayo mawngo duumotoongo e maayo Nwanedi e nder wuro Musina, wuro diiwaan Vhembe e nder diiwaan Limpopo, Afrik worgo. Iwdi mayre woni ko e leegal Guyuni/Dzumbama/Tshitandani/Tshamulungwi hedde 10 km hade mum hawrude e maayo Nwanedi e nokku mum toowɗo. Nokku toowɗo maayo Luphephe ina waawi fecceede e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Waterfall to Mountain ɗi tawaaɗi e nder ndeeɗoo maayo fof.

Zone source fuɗɗotoo ko e tooweeki 976 meeter, njuuteendi mum ko hedde kiloomeeteer gooto. Zone torrent Waterfall to Mountain ina ilna hakkunde 915 e 610 meeteer dow koye maayo dow ŋoral tokosal e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal. Substratum maayo ngoo fof ɓuri heewde ko sifaa kaaƴe, ina waɗi kaaƴe, kaaƴe e kaaƴe mawɗe. Sahaa e sahaa fof ɓuuɓri ceene ina waɗa.&lt;ref&gt;Mokgalong 1981:10&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko adii nde naatata e nokku keso Nwanedi, e resort nde hawrata e maayo Savhani. Maayo Savhani fuɗɗotoo ko e Gwangwatini, rewa Ngalavhani, Tshitanje, Musunda, Gumela, Helula 2, e Tshikotoni (anndiraango Manzhenge). E dow maayo Luphephe ina waɗi nokkuuji ndema haa e daande maayo&lt;ref&gt;Angliss 2007:13&lt;/ref&gt; renndooji taariiɗi ɗii. Maayo Luphephe ina hawra e maayo Nwanedi nder nokku keeriiɗo Nwanedi, e resort, ina waɗa baraasuuji Nwanedi – Luphephe.

=== Feccere hakkundeere maayo ngo ===
E hitaande 1964, e dow ɗaɓɓaande Yiilirde ndiyam Nwanedi, Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam mahii baraas Luphephe e baraas Nwanedi, gooto e dow kala maayo Luphephe e maayo Nwanedi,&lt;ref&gt;Mokgalong 1981:3&lt;/ref&gt; ngam ndiyam. Koɗorɗe arc dam Luphephe ina njogii 39 meeteer toowɗo, ina njogii 14 800 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo. Koɗorɗe arc dam Nwanedi ina njogii 36 meeteer toowɗo, ina njogii 5 310 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo. Baraaji ɗiɗi ɗii e saraaji mum en fotde 9000 ektaar, kolliraama ko nokkuuji restoraaji Nwanedi e hitaande 1979.&lt;ref&gt;Madanire-Moyo, GN. et.al. 2010. Ecology of metazoan parasites of Clarias gariepinus (Osteichthyes: Clariidae) from the Nwanedi-Luphephe Dams of the Limpopo River System, South Africa. African Zoology, 45(2): 849 – 862. P. 234. Available at: &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232084925_Ecology_of_Metazoan_Parasites_of_Clarias_gariepinus_Osteichthyes_Clariidae_from_the_Nwanedi-Luphephe_Dams_of_the_Limpopo_River_System_South_Africa&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

E fuɗɗoode ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam Luphephe hawri ko e Nwanedi to nokku les njiimaandi baraas hannde oo kono e mahngo baraasuuji e dow maayooji ɗiɗi ɗii fof, ngonka kaa wayliima seeɗa sabu jooni ina woodi kanndaa 2,5 meeter luggiɗiiɗo jokkondirɗo e ɓulli ndiyam ɗiɗi ɗii ko ina wona 100 meeteruuji e&lt;ref&gt;Mokgalong, NM. 1981. Aspects of the invertebrate ecology of the Nwanedi tributary of the Limpopo river: Submitted in fulfilment of part of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in the Department of Zoology in the faculty of mathematics and natural sciences at the University of the North, Pietersburg. Available at: &lt;nowiki&gt;http://ulspace.ul.ac.za/handle/10386/211&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; dow maayooji ɗii fof. Dame ɓuuɓɗe gonɗe e baraasuuji ɗii fof ina kuutoree ngam reentaade tolno ndiyam, e jogaade doole ndiyam les haa e nder weendu wooturu. Fotde 500 meeter dow maayo baraaji Nwanedi/Luphephe ina woodi ponto beton tokooso les, ina taƴa maayo ngoo, ummoraade e damal naatgol Gumela. Heen sahaaji ina heɓa ilam e ɓuuɓde njaareendi dow pont oo.&lt;ref&gt;Angliss 2007:14&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Feccere cakkitiinde maayo ngoo ===
Maayo ngoo ina jokki e bannge worgo, ina rewi e ŋoral Limpopo. Ko ɗoon ladde Limpopo ndee udditaa e yaasi nokku restoraaji Nwanedi e les njiimaandi falnde sakkitiinde hakkunde tule, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko maadi kaaƴe ɓutte e maayo ina rewi heen.&lt;ref&gt;Angliss 2007: 14&lt;/ref&gt; Maayo ngo yahrata ko e baraas Cross (renndo Muswodi Tshisimani ina noddira baraas Cross Gondoza) ko ɗum woni e nder les njiimaandi.&lt;ref&gt;Mashilwane 2024:12&lt;/ref&gt; Dam Cross oo mahaa ko ngam rokkude ndiyam ngam ilnude gese ndema, remde jawdi, remde jawdi e koɗkiiji laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗii.&lt;ref&gt;Mashilwane 2024:12&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗoon e ɗoon les njiimaandi Cross Dam e nder falnde ɗo ndiyam ɗam ɓuri yaajde ko 3 haa 6 m, ina woodi ŋoral ɗo laawol tar Tshipise/Pafuri taƴata maayo Nwanedi.&lt;ref&gt;Angliss, MK et.al. 2007. A biomonitoring survey of the Nwanedi River catchment, Limpopo Province. P.13- 14. Available at: &lt;nowiki&gt;https://freshwaterbiodiversity.org/uploaded/documents/Angliss_M.K._2007.pdf&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Maayo ngo ina yahra haa ngo hawri e maayo Limpopo to nokku kilooji sappo to fuɗnaange Malaladrift,[12] to keeri Zimbaabwee to tooweeki 340 meeteer. Maayo ngoo fof ina woni e nder nokkuuji njuvvudi ndiyam Limpopo, ina woni e nder nokkuuji vurzi waawde wonde e 1136 km2 e 24,5 10 (6)M3 e nder yontere nde. Baraaji Nwanedi – Luphephe ko baraasuuji tan Afrik worgo maantinɗi e nder weendu nduu.[13]

== Nafoore faggudu/ekolosii ==

=== Ndema e nguurndam ===
Demal ina hawra e peewnugol gese e jawdi, ndema ndiyam, e laddeeji ngam nguura e geɗe ɗe ngonaa nguura. Renndooji hoɗɓe e maayo ngo ina kuutoroo maayo Luphephe ngam lootde comci, ɓuuɓnude gese e jogaade jawdi,[14] e ko nanndi heen. To bannge maayo Luphephe mawngo, vursugol vursugol ngol ta/aama e nder leydi ndi vursugol ndiyam ngol vursata ngam diwde jawdi. Dippol ngol waɗiraa ko laawol ɓuuɓngol ngol daabaaji ɗii njahata, ina ɓuuɓna ɗum en e ndiyam ɓurɗam luggiɗde haa daaba oo ɓuuɓtoo haa laaɓa. Kanaal oo mahiraa ko e hitaande 1927 e leydi Tshikotoni. Renndooji Tshitanzhe, Musunda, Gumela, Helula 2, Tshikotoni e Tshitandani ina keewi diwde toon jawdi mum en kala jonte ɗiɗi fuɗɗoraade waktuuji jeeɗiɗi haa duuɓi seeɗa caggal fajiri demokaraasi e hitaande 1994.

Laabi furrow ɗii kadi ina kuutoree ngam ndiyam remooɓe gese e dow daande maayo e leydi Tshikotoni. Remooɓe mawɓe ɓee ko leñol Mukwevho, leñol Dzuguda, leñol Phupheli, leñol Nekhumbe, leñol Chauke, leñol Nethononda, leñol Mufamadi, leñol Ndou dza Manenzhe, leñol Luranga e leñol Langanda (ngesa maɓɓe ina anndiranoo Galauvhe). Yanti heen, maayo Luphephe ina rokka remooɓe gese ndiyam e daande maayo Helula 2. Gese ko wayi no kaaƴe, gawri, ñebbe, ñebbe, mangooji e banaana ina ndema toon gila e yontaaji keewɗi. Leñol Mathukha/Marubini, leñol Phupheli (ngesa maɓɓe ina wiyee Makhothoni), leñol Madumi, leñol Kwinda la ha Tshirundu, leñol Netshishangane, leñol Manenzhe e leñol Mukwevho ko remooɓe ɓurɓe heewde e leydi Helula 2. Leñol Mukwevho e leñol Manenzhe kadi ina njula beeli e nder luumooji ngenndiiji e hakkunde leyɗeele so tawii ɓe mooftii geɗe moƴƴe e kitaale 1980.

Nguurndam ina waɗi mbaawka heɓde geɗe baawɗe wonde fof ngam waawde huutoraade koye mum en e galle mum en. Rewɓe e sukaaɓe rewɓe to Tshikotoni, Helula 2 e Gumela ina kuutoroo maayo Luphephe ngam ƴettude ndiyam ngam ñaamde e nder galleeji. Kadi ɓe lootata ko ɓuuɓri e comci maɓɓe to maayo Luphephe duuɓi keewɗi. Worɓe e sukaaɓe tokosɓe ina kuutoroo maayo ngoo ngam nanngude liɗɗi ngam wuurde e lummbaade.

=== Sifaa ndiyam Nwanedi ===
Nde basin oo udditaa e yaasi nokku restoraaji Nwanedi e les njiimaandi falnde sakkitiinde hakkunde tule, maayo ngoo ina rokka ndiyam ngam remde gese e njulaagu e nder wuro Folovhodwe. Koolol Folovhodwe sosaa ko e hitaande 1986 ngam jibinde ƴiye mango e sitrus ngam ƴellitde Venda ndeen, to fuɗnaange Soutpansberg, e yaltinde leɗɗe ɗe ngalaa ñawu e leyɗeele hoɗdiiɓe.[15] Kosam ɗam ina rokka kadi ndiyam ngam ndema jawdi e ndema gese to Fedde Jeyi leydi Nwanedi (Fedde Jeyi leydi Nwanedi sosaa ko caggal nde ɗaɓɓaande leydi ngam renndinde e yoɓde). Renndooji ɗi ina mbaɗi Folovhodwe, Tshikhudini, Tanda, e Tshiphale. Nokku oo ina jeyaa e peeje ndiyam Nwanedi tawaaɗe to fuɗnaange koɗli Soutpansberg, fotde 40 Kilomeeteer to fuɗnaange-rewo Tshipise e nder diiwaan Vhembe e nder diiwaan Limpopo, Afrik worgo.

Nwanedi Irrigation scheme ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 300 remoowo tokooso, ɓe ndemata ko leɗɗe ndiyam ko ɓuri heewde ko tomateeji. Remooɓe ina ƴetta ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e maayo hee tawa ina kuutoroo mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam.[16] Irrigaasiyoŋ toɓo ko jillondiral ngam hisnude ndiyam e ƴellitaare ɓurnde heewde ina ɓeyda ko famɗi fof 50% e kuutoragol ndiyam, ƴellitaare e nder yuɓɓo ndiyam, kadi ina waɗa ɗum karallaagal ɓurngal mawnude e nder caɗeele winndereyankooje ngam moƴƴinde peewnugol gese e nder caɗeele ndiyam mawɗe.[17] Ko vuri heewde e terɗe eɓɓaande ndee ina peewna fotde 100 ton tomateer e nder neɗɗo gooto e hektaar gooto walla 1000 kaaree (1000m2). Ko ɓuri heewde e remooɓe ina njogii hakkunde 10 e 100 hactor e ɓe peewna ko ɓuri heewde ko ngam yeeyde.[18]

Won cazeele ŋakkeende ndiyam ko wayi no ustude ndiyam rewrude e vursugol toowngol e tuubaaji vursugol ; nguleeki toowki addanoowo ndiyam toowɗam ɓuuɓde e maayo e ɓuuɓde e gese ; pottital ndiyam hakkunde remooɓe e huutortooɓe nder galleeji ina addana ɗum en luural e ŋakkeende potal ndiyam sabu remooɓe wonɓe e wutte les maayo ngoo ina keɓa ndiyam seeɗa walla hay dara so ndiyam maayo ngoo ina ustoo.[19] Hakindo hitaande kala [[evapotranspiraasiyoŋ]] ko 1400 mm. Temperaaji ina ceerti gila e lewru ɓurndu heewde e ɓurndu famɗude ko 33,52 e 21,30 degere Celsius e lewru feebariyee haa 25,6 e 8,6 degere Celsius e lewru Siilo.[20] Kono noon, Nwanedi irrigation Scheme hollirii laabi vurzi waawde reentaade to senngo gese ina heen veydude ndiyam maayo e tovo ngo wonnoo ko salinirde leydi wonaa cazeele ; ndiyam jamma so tawii ɓuuɓri e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri ina famɗi ; ustude nokkuuji ndema ngam heɓde mbaawka ndiyam maayo ; aawde gese ɗe yooro waawata heɓde ngam ustude kuutoragol ndiyam e sahaa nguleeki.[21]

=== Nafoore Ekolosii ===
Njeñtudi wizto 2007 hollirii, vursugol toowngol maayo Luphephe e maayo Nwanedi fof ina hiisee wonde ina jogii nafoore e senngooji ekolosii toowzi (EIS), tawi noon les vursugol Nwanedzi/baraas Luphephe ngol EIS ko Moderate. Ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri toowndi ndii ina fadi haa e nder nokkuuji taariindi Nwanedi, tawi noon e nder weeyo Limpopo, ina rewi e nokkuuji taariindi keertiiɗi walla e nder gese jawdi.[22] So en teskiima batte e diwooje nder ndee zoo zoo zoo zoo ina njokki e duuvi keewzi, ina sikkaa wonde ngonka zoo zoo zoo ina waawi waylude no feewi e nder yontaaji garooji.[23]

EIS ko maande tolno ndeenka maayo ngoo foti heɓde. Maanaa toowɗo ina foti reeneede haa wonta ngonka naftoraaka walla moƴƴa e les, firti ko ina famɗi nafoore reende walla ina jogii batte tawo e wonde ngalu nguu ina waawi ɓeydaade huutoreede.[24]

=== Turismo ===
Ekoturism ko feccere e yah-ngartaa jowitiingal e tago, ina hirjina weltaare yaajnde tawa ina wallita e reende e hisnude nokkuuji.[25] Agritourism ko sifaa gollorde njulaagu jokkondirnde e peewnugol ndema e/walla njulaagu e turism ngam dañde njilluuji e nder ngesa, e nder njulaagu, walla e nder njulaagu ndema goɗɗo ngam weltinde walla jannginde njilluuji ɗii tawa ina heɓa ngalu wonande ngesa, njulaagu, walla joom njulaagu. Skeemaaji turism-agrariyankooji renndo Nwanedi e leyɗeele ndema goɗɗe tuugiiɗe e toɓo ko golle laddeeji denndaaɗe.[26] Hiisiwal ngal hollitii wonde kominaaji Musina ina naftoroo jogaade nokkuuji turism keewɗi. Ina jeyaa heen nokku restoraaji Nwanedi e nokku restoraaji, nokku restoraaji Sagole Big Tree e nokku hoɗorde leɗɗe mawɗe.[27] Nokkuuji cuɓaaɗi ɗii (Folovhodwe, Gumela, Tshipise e Zwigodini) ina njokkondiri kadi e nokkuuji reentorɗi ɗii, ko wayi no baraasuuji Luphephe/Nwanedi[28].

Reserve nature Nwanedi, e resort ina mbayli seeɗa e laabi dogginde golle mum en e waylooji ɗi njiyataa, e turism ina naftoroo renndooji nokkuuji ɗii.[29] E nder ɗuum, gure teeru ɓuri moƴƴude e nokkuuji turism, gila e adventure, pinal, leƴƴi e ekoturism, e ko nanndi heen. Kono noon, laabi saraaji gure Folovhodwe e Gumela ina poti toppiteede ko yaawi ngam ɓeydude ƴellitaare turism e nder gollorɗe nokkuuje ɗee e nder nokkuuji restoraaji Nwanedi, e resort.[30] Nde turismaaɓe ngari e winndere ndee kala e lewru Duujal 2002 ngam seedaade geɗe lewru e nder Afrik worgo,[31] nokku restoraaji Nwanedi, e resort ina jeyaa e nokkuuji yiylotooɗi naange e nder wuro Musina e nder diiwaan Vhembe, e nder diiwaan Limpopo, Afrik worgo.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="13444" sha1="nvhz01e20jzmb4f9ncfa6jxb8ppvjca" xml:space="preserve">&lt;ref&gt;Mashilwane 2024:17&lt;/ref&gt;{{Databox}}

'''Maayo Luphephe''' ummotoo ko e nokku Guyuni, to fuɗnaange Thohoyandou, ngam hawrude e maayo Nwanedi nder nokku keeriiɗo e nokku ɓuuɓɗo Nwanedi, waɗta ɗum baraaji Nwanedi – Luphephe. Ɗoon e ɗoon les ɓuuɓol ngol, maayo Nwanedi ina jokki e ɓuuɓde haa ɓurti keeri ɓuuɓol ngol rewrude e laawol ɓuuɓngol e nder weeyo Limpopo ɗo ngol hawri e maayo Limpopo. Maayo Luphehe e ɓulli mum ina ndokka ndiyam ndema, kullon ladde, e yimɓe hoɗɓe e nder maayo Limpopo. Reservoir e resort Nwanedi ina mbayli seeɗa e laabi dogginde sarwisaaji mum en e mbayliigu ngu yiyataa, kadi turism ina naftoroo renndooji koɗdiiɗi ɗii. Sabu ɗuum, teeru ina wonta cuɓagol ɓurngol moƴƴude wonande nokkuuji turism, gila e adventure, pinal, leƴƴi e ekoturism, so en limtii heen seeɗa. Kosam toowɗam maayo Luphephe e Nwanedi fof tawaama ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii e sensitiviteeji. Nii woni wonta huunde himmunde ngam reende ɓulli toowɗi ɗii e nder ngonka naftoraaka walla moƴƴa.

== Ɓawo ==

=== Feccere fuɗɗorde maayo ngoo ===
Maayo Luphephe ko maayo mawngo duumotoongo e maayo Nwanedi e nder wuro Musina, wuro diiwaan Vhembe e nder diiwaan Limpopo, Afrik worgo. Iwdi mayre woni ko e leegal Guyuni/Dzumbama/Tshitandani/Tshamulungwi hedde 10 km hade mum hawrude e maayo Nwanedi e nokku mum toowɗo. Nokku toowɗo maayo Luphephe ina waawi fecceede e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi Waterfall to Mountain ɗi tawaaɗi e nder ndeeɗoo maayo fof.

Zone source fuɗɗotoo ko e tooweeki 976 meeter, njuuteendi mum ko hedde kiloomeeteer gooto. Zone torrent Waterfall to Mountain ina ilna hakkunde 915 e 610 meeteer dow koye maayo dow ŋoral tokosal e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal. Substratum maayo ngoo fof ɓuri heewde ko sifaa kaaƴe, ina waɗi kaaƴe, kaaƴe e kaaƴe mawɗe. Sahaa e sahaa fof ɓuuɓri ceene ina waɗa.&lt;ref&gt;Mokgalong 1981:10&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko adii nde naatata e nokku keso Nwanedi, e resort nde hawrata e maayo Savhani. Maayo Savhani fuɗɗotoo ko e Gwangwatini, rewa Ngalavhani, Tshitanje, Musunda, Gumela, Helula 2, e Tshikotoni (anndiraango Manzhenge). E dow maayo Luphephe ina waɗi nokkuuji ndema haa e daande maayo&lt;ref&gt;Angliss 2007:13&lt;/ref&gt; renndooji taariiɗi ɗii. Maayo Luphephe ina hawra e maayo Nwanedi nder nokku keeriiɗo Nwanedi, e resort, ina waɗa baraasuuji Nwanedi – Luphephe.

=== Feccere hakkundeere maayo ngo ===
E hitaande 1964, e dow ɗaɓɓaande Yiilirde ndiyam Nwanedi, Departemaa Geɗe Ndiyam mahii baraas Luphephe e baraas Nwanedi, gooto e dow kala maayo Luphephe e maayo Nwanedi,&lt;ref&gt;Mokgalong 1981:3&lt;/ref&gt; ngam ndiyam. Koɗorɗe arc dam Luphephe ina njogii 39 meeteer toowɗo, ina njogii 14 800 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo. Koɗorɗe arc dam Nwanedi ina njogii 36 meeteer toowɗo, ina njogii 5 310 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo. Baraaji ɗiɗi ɗii e saraaji mum en fotde 9000 ektaar, kolliraama ko nokkuuji restoraaji Nwanedi e hitaande 1979.&lt;ref&gt;Madanire-Moyo, GN. et.al. 2010. Ecology of metazoan parasites of Clarias gariepinus (Osteichthyes: Clariidae) from the Nwanedi-Luphephe Dams of the Limpopo River System, South Africa. African Zoology, 45(2): 849 – 862. P. 234. Available at: &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232084925_Ecology_of_Metazoan_Parasites_of_Clarias_gariepinus_Osteichthyes_Clariidae_from_the_Nwanedi-Luphephe_Dams_of_the_Limpopo_River_System_South_Africa&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

E fuɗɗoode ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam Luphephe hawri ko e Nwanedi to nokku les njiimaandi baraas hannde oo kono e mahngo baraasuuji e dow maayooji ɗiɗi ɗii fof, ngonka kaa wayliima seeɗa sabu jooni ina woodi kanndaa 2,5 meeter luggiɗiiɗo jokkondirɗo e ɓulli ndiyam ɗiɗi ɗii ko ina wona 100 meeteruuji e&lt;ref&gt;Mokgalong, NM. 1981. Aspects of the invertebrate ecology of the Nwanedi tributary of the Limpopo river: Submitted in fulfilment of part of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in the Department of Zoology in the faculty of mathematics and natural sciences at the University of the North, Pietersburg. Available at: &lt;nowiki&gt;http://ulspace.ul.ac.za/handle/10386/211&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; dow maayooji ɗii fof. Dame ɓuuɓɗe gonɗe e baraasuuji ɗii fof ina kuutoree ngam reentaade tolno ndiyam, e jogaade doole ndiyam les haa e nder weendu wooturu. Fotde 500 meeter dow maayo baraaji Nwanedi/Luphephe ina woodi ponto beton tokooso les, ina taƴa maayo ngoo, ummoraade e damal naatgol Gumela. Heen sahaaji ina heɓa ilam e ɓuuɓde njaareendi dow pont oo.&lt;ref&gt;Angliss 2007:14&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Feccere cakkitiinde maayo ngoo ===
Maayo ngoo ina jokki e bannge worgo, ina rewi e ŋoral Limpopo. Ko ɗoon ladde Limpopo ndee udditaa e yaasi nokku restoraaji Nwanedi e les njiimaandi falnde sakkitiinde hakkunde tule, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko maadi kaaƴe ɓutte e maayo ina rewi heen.&lt;ref&gt;Angliss 2007: 14&lt;/ref&gt; Maayo ngo yahrata ko e baraas Cross (renndo Muswodi Tshisimani ina noddira baraas Cross Gondoza) ko ɗum woni e nder les njiimaandi.&lt;ref&gt;Mashilwane 2024:12&lt;/ref&gt; Dam Cross oo mahaa ko ngam rokkude ndiyam ngam ilnude gese ndema, remde jawdi, remde jawdi e koɗkiiji laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗii.&lt;ref&gt;Mashilwane 2024:12&lt;/ref&gt; Ɗoon e ɗoon les njiimaandi Cross Dam e nder falnde ɗo ndiyam ɗam ɓuri yaajde ko 3 haa 6 m, ina woodi ŋoral ɗo laawol tar Tshipise/Pafuri taƴata maayo Nwanedi.&lt;ref&gt;Angliss, MK et.al. 2007. A biomonitoring survey of the Nwanedi River catchment, Limpopo Province. P.13- 14. Available at: &lt;nowiki&gt;https://freshwaterbiodiversity.org/uploaded/documents/Angliss_M.K._2007.pdf&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Maayo ngo ina yahra haa ngo hawri e maayo Limpopo to nokku kilooji sappo to fuɗnaange Malaladrift,&lt;ref&gt;Mokgalong 1981:8&lt;/ref&gt; to keeri Zimbaabwee to tooweeki 340 meeteer. Maayo ngoo fof ina woni e nder nokkuuji njuvvudi ndiyam Limpopo, ina woni e nder nokkuuji vurzi waawde wonde e 1136 km2 e 24,5 10 (6)M3 e nder yontere nde. Baraaji Nwanedi – Luphephe ko baraasuuji tan Afrik worgo maantinɗi e nder weendu nduu.[13]

== Nafoore faggudu/ekolosii ==

=== Ndema e nguurndam ===
Demal ina hawra e peewnugol gese e jawdi, ndema ndiyam, e laddeeji ngam nguura e geɗe ɗe ngonaa nguura. Renndooji hoɗɓe e maayo ngo ina kuutoroo maayo Luphephe ngam lootde comci, ɓuuɓnude gese e jogaade jawdi,[14] e ko nanndi heen. To bannge maayo Luphephe mawngo, vursugol vursugol ngol ta/aama e nder leydi ndi vursugol ndiyam ngol vursata ngam diwde jawdi. Dippol ngol waɗiraa ko laawol ɓuuɓngol ngol daabaaji ɗii njahata, ina ɓuuɓna ɗum en e ndiyam ɓurɗam luggiɗde haa daaba oo ɓuuɓtoo haa laaɓa. Kanaal oo mahiraa ko e hitaande 1927 e leydi Tshikotoni. Renndooji Tshitanzhe, Musunda, Gumela, Helula 2, Tshikotoni e Tshitandani ina keewi diwde toon jawdi mum en kala jonte ɗiɗi fuɗɗoraade waktuuji jeeɗiɗi haa duuɓi seeɗa caggal fajiri demokaraasi e hitaande 1994.

Laabi furrow ɗii kadi ina kuutoree ngam ndiyam remooɓe gese e dow daande maayo e leydi Tshikotoni. Remooɓe mawɓe ɓee ko leñol Mukwevho, leñol Dzuguda, leñol Phupheli, leñol Nekhumbe, leñol Chauke, leñol Nethononda, leñol Mufamadi, leñol Ndou dza Manenzhe, leñol Luranga e leñol Langanda (ngesa maɓɓe ina anndiranoo Galauvhe). Yanti heen, maayo Luphephe ina rokka remooɓe gese ndiyam e daande maayo Helula 2. Gese ko wayi no kaaƴe, gawri, ñebbe, ñebbe, mangooji e banaana ina ndema toon gila e yontaaji keewɗi. Leñol Mathukha/Marubini, leñol Phupheli (ngesa maɓɓe ina wiyee Makhothoni), leñol Madumi, leñol Kwinda la ha Tshirundu, leñol Netshishangane, leñol Manenzhe e leñol Mukwevho ko remooɓe ɓurɓe heewde e leydi Helula 2. Leñol Mukwevho e leñol Manenzhe kadi ina njula beeli e nder luumooji ngenndiiji e hakkunde leyɗeele so tawii ɓe mooftii geɗe moƴƴe e kitaale 1980.

Nguurndam ina waɗi mbaawka heɓde geɗe baawɗe wonde fof ngam waawde huutoraade koye mum en e galle mum en. Rewɓe e sukaaɓe rewɓe to Tshikotoni, Helula 2 e Gumela ina kuutoroo maayo Luphephe ngam ƴettude ndiyam ngam ñaamde e nder galleeji. Kadi ɓe lootata ko ɓuuɓri e comci maɓɓe to maayo Luphephe duuɓi keewɗi. Worɓe e sukaaɓe tokosɓe ina kuutoroo maayo ngoo ngam nanngude liɗɗi ngam wuurde e lummbaade.

=== Sifaa ndiyam Nwanedi ===
Nde basin oo udditaa e yaasi nokku restoraaji Nwanedi e les njiimaandi falnde sakkitiinde hakkunde tule, maayo ngoo ina rokka ndiyam ngam remde gese e njulaagu e nder wuro Folovhodwe. Koolol Folovhodwe sosaa ko e hitaande 1986 ngam jibinde ƴiye mango e sitrus ngam ƴellitde Venda ndeen, to fuɗnaange Soutpansberg, e yaltinde leɗɗe ɗe ngalaa ñawu e leyɗeele hoɗdiiɓe.[15] Kosam ɗam ina rokka kadi ndiyam ngam ndema jawdi e ndema gese to Fedde Jeyi leydi Nwanedi (Fedde Jeyi leydi Nwanedi sosaa ko caggal nde ɗaɓɓaande leydi ngam renndinde e yoɓde). Renndooji ɗi ina mbaɗi Folovhodwe, Tshikhudini, Tanda, e Tshiphale. Nokku oo ina jeyaa e peeje ndiyam Nwanedi tawaaɗe to fuɗnaange koɗli Soutpansberg, fotde 40 Kilomeeteer to fuɗnaange-rewo Tshipise e nder diiwaan Vhembe e nder diiwaan Limpopo, Afrik worgo.

Nwanedi Irrigation scheme ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 300 remoowo tokooso, ɓe ndemata ko leɗɗe ndiyam ko ɓuri heewde ko tomateeji. Remooɓe ina ƴetta ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e maayo hee tawa ina kuutoroo mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam.[16] Irrigaasiyoŋ toɓo ko jillondiral ngam hisnude ndiyam e ƴellitaare ɓurnde heewde ina ɓeyda ko famɗi fof 50% e kuutoragol ndiyam, ƴellitaare e nder yuɓɓo ndiyam, kadi ina waɗa ɗum karallaagal ɓurngal mawnude e nder caɗeele winndereyankooje ngam moƴƴinde peewnugol gese e nder caɗeele ndiyam mawɗe.[17] Ko vuri heewde e terɗe eɓɓaande ndee ina peewna fotde 100 ton tomateer e nder neɗɗo gooto e hektaar gooto walla 1000 kaaree (1000m2). Ko ɓuri heewde e remooɓe ina njogii hakkunde 10 e 100 hactor e ɓe peewna ko ɓuri heewde ko ngam yeeyde.[18]

Won cazeele ŋakkeende ndiyam ko wayi no ustude ndiyam rewrude e vursugol toowngol e tuubaaji vursugol ; nguleeki toowki addanoowo ndiyam toowɗam ɓuuɓde e maayo e ɓuuɓde e gese ; pottital ndiyam hakkunde remooɓe e huutortooɓe nder galleeji ina addana ɗum en luural e ŋakkeende potal ndiyam sabu remooɓe wonɓe e wutte les maayo ngoo ina keɓa ndiyam seeɗa walla hay dara so ndiyam maayo ngoo ina ustoo.[19] Hakindo hitaande kala [[evapotranspiraasiyoŋ]] ko 1400 mm. Temperaaji ina ceerti gila e lewru ɓurndu heewde e ɓurndu famɗude ko 33,52 e 21,30 degere Celsius e lewru feebariyee haa 25,6 e 8,6 degere Celsius e lewru Siilo.[20] Kono noon, Nwanedi irrigation Scheme hollirii laabi vurzi waawde reentaade to senngo gese ina heen veydude ndiyam maayo e tovo ngo wonnoo ko salinirde leydi wonaa cazeele ; ndiyam jamma so tawii ɓuuɓri e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓri ina famɗi ; ustude nokkuuji ndema ngam heɓde mbaawka ndiyam maayo ; aawde gese ɗe yooro waawata heɓde ngam ustude kuutoragol ndiyam e sahaa nguleeki.[21]

=== Nafoore Ekolosii ===
Njeñtudi wizto 2007 hollirii, vursugol toowngol maayo Luphephe e maayo Nwanedi fof ina hiisee wonde ina jogii nafoore e senngooji ekolosii toowzi (EIS), tawi noon les vursugol Nwanedzi/baraas Luphephe ngol EIS ko Moderate. Ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri toowndi ndii ina fadi haa e nder nokkuuji taariindi Nwanedi, tawi noon e nder weeyo Limpopo, ina rewi e nokkuuji taariindi keertiiɗi walla e nder gese jawdi.[22] So en teskiima batte e diwooje nder ndee zoo zoo zoo zoo ina njokki e duuvi keewzi, ina sikkaa wonde ngonka zoo zoo zoo ina waawi waylude no feewi e nder yontaaji garooji.[23]

EIS ko maande tolno ndeenka maayo ngoo foti heɓde. Maanaa toowɗo ina foti reeneede haa wonta ngonka naftoraaka walla moƴƴa e les, firti ko ina famɗi nafoore reende walla ina jogii batte tawo e wonde ngalu nguu ina waawi ɓeydaade huutoreede.[24]

=== Turismo ===
Ekoturism ko feccere e yah-ngartaa jowitiingal e tago, ina hirjina weltaare yaajnde tawa ina wallita e reende e hisnude nokkuuji.[25] Agritourism ko sifaa gollorde njulaagu jokkondirnde e peewnugol ndema e/walla njulaagu e turism ngam dañde njilluuji e nder ngesa, e nder njulaagu, walla e nder njulaagu ndema goɗɗo ngam weltinde walla jannginde njilluuji ɗii tawa ina heɓa ngalu wonande ngesa, njulaagu, walla joom njulaagu. Skeemaaji turism-agrariyankooji renndo Nwanedi e leyɗeele ndema goɗɗe tuugiiɗe e toɓo ko golle laddeeji denndaaɗe.[26] Hiisiwal ngal hollitii wonde kominaaji Musina ina naftoroo jogaade nokkuuji turism keewɗi. Ina jeyaa heen nokku restoraaji Nwanedi e nokku restoraaji, nokku restoraaji Sagole Big Tree e nokku hoɗorde leɗɗe mawɗe.[27] Nokkuuji cuɓaaɗi ɗii (Folovhodwe, Gumela, Tshipise e Zwigodini) ina njokkondiri kadi e nokkuuji reentorɗi ɗii, ko wayi no baraasuuji Luphephe/Nwanedi[28].

Reserve nature Nwanedi, e resort ina mbayli seeɗa e laabi dogginde golle mum en e waylooji ɗi njiyataa, e turism ina naftoroo renndooji nokkuuji ɗii.[29] E nder ɗuum, gure teeru ɓuri moƴƴude e nokkuuji turism, gila e adventure, pinal, leƴƴi e ekoturism, e ko nanndi heen. Kono noon, laabi saraaji gure Folovhodwe e Gumela ina poti toppiteede ko yaawi ngam ɓeydude ƴellitaare turism e nder gollorɗe nokkuuje ɗee e nder nokkuuji restoraaji Nwanedi, e resort.[30] Nde turismaaɓe ngari e winndere ndee kala e lewru Duujal 2002 ngam seedaade geɗe lewru e nder Afrik worgo,[31] nokku restoraaji Nwanedi, e resort ina jeyaa e nokkuuji yiylotooɗi naange e nder wuro Musina e nder diiwaan Vhembe, e nder diiwaan Limpopo, Afrik worgo.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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    <title>Shehu Shagari</title>
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      <text bytes="8395" sha1="gpj1blljq49b0ec6r1tcdppbr1hl5on" xml:space="preserve">Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari GCFR (hausa pronunciation; 25 feebariyee 1925 – 28 lewru desaambar 2018) ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya mo woni hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gadano suɓaaɗo e dow demokaraasi, caggal nde hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo hokki laamu nguu e hitaande 1979.

O golliima seeɗa e jannginoowo hade makko naatde e politik e hitaande 1951 ; e o suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji hitaande 1954. E wakkatiiji feere-feere hakkunde hitaande 1958 rewrude e ndimu leydi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960 e hitaande 1975, o jogi kuugal kabine bana komisinaajo lesdi Naajeeriya. E nder ɗeen balɗe, Shagari waɗii darnde mawnde e nder fannuuji keewɗi e faggudu leydi Najeriya. Ko o jaagorgal golle, o waɗii darnde tiiɗnde e ƴellitaare gollorɗe. Ko o ministaajo ƴellitaare faggudu, o waɗii nafoore mawnde e yuɓɓinde peeje faggudu leydi Naajeeriya caggal jeytaare mum, kadi ko o Komisinaajo Fedde nde (hannde ko ministaajo) ngam kaalis, o ardiima udditgol Naira. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o ardii ƴellitaare faggudu, yaajnude gollorɗe, e ƴellitde gollorɗe, o yamiri Ajaokuta Steel Mill, eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude e nder Afrik, ngam waɗde njuɓɓudi ƴellitaare gollorɗe leydi Najeriya. Njuɓɓudi makko ina wondi e caɗeele, haa arti noon e ŋakkeende faggudu e ŋakkeende kisal politik. Laamu makko joofi ko e kuudetaa konu e hitaande 1983.

Duuɓi gadani

Shehu Usmaan Shagari jibinaa ko ñalnde 25 feebariyee 1925 to Shagari e galle fulɓe juulɓe sunnit en. Wuro Shagari sosinnoo ngo ko mawniiko biyeteeɗo Ahmadu Rufa’i. O mawni ko e galle jom rewɓe heewɓe, ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo jeegom jibinaaɗo e nder galle hee. Baaba makko biyeteeɗo Aliyu Shagari ko Magajin Shagari (magaji firti ko hooreejo wuro). Ko adii nde o wontata Magajin Shagari, Aliyu ko demoowo, njulaagu, duroowo. Kono, sabu laabi aadaaji haɗnooɗi laamɓe tawtoreede njulaagu, Aliyu woppii yoga e nafooje mum njulaagu nde o wonti Magaji. Aliyu maayi duuɓi jowi caggal jibineede Shehu, mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Bello, ƴetti mantol baaba mum e nder dumunna juutɗo, hono Magajin Shagari.

Shagari fuɗɗii jaŋde mum ko e duɗal Quraana, caggal ɗuum o yahi o hoɗi e banndiraaɓe makko to wuro saraaji mum, ɗo o naati duɗal leslesal Yabo tuggi 1931 haa 1935. E hitaande 1936–1940, o yahi Sokoto ngam janngude hakkundeere, caggal ɗuum tuggi 1941 haa 1944 o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa. Hakkunde 1944 e 1952, Shagari heɓi bak mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe, to Zaria, Kaduna, to leydi Nijeer. Tuggi 1953 haa 1958, Shagari heɓi golle jannginoowo njillu to diiwaan Sokoto. O woniino kadi tergal e Yiilirde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe gila 1954 haa 1958.

Fuɗɗoode golle politik

Naatgol e dawrugol 

Shehu Usman Shagari naati nder siyaasaaku nder hitaande 1951 nde o laati hooreejo kawtal yimɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya haa Sokoto, lesdi Naajeeriya, kuugal ngal o jogi haa hitaande 1956. Ammaa kuuɗe maako siyaasaaku arandeeji fuɗɗi nder hitaande 1945, nde o woni jannginoowo o sosi fedde sukaaɓe wiyeteende secretary i Sokoto Social be Circle. Fedde nde wonti gooto e pelle tokoose ɗe kawri ngam jeyeede e fedde yimɓe worgo (NPC), sosaande e hitaande 1948.

E hitaande 1948, nde Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe mo NCNC woni e njillu mum e nder leydi Najeriya ngam dañde kaalis ngam neldude delegaasiyoŋ to Londres ngam ɗaɓɓude e Ofis Koloñaal yo woppu doosɗe leydi Richard nde tawnoo ko nde demokaraasi, Shehu Shagari mo nganndu-ɗaa ko jannguɗo no feewi deftere Pilot Afrik-Hirnaange ko kanko tan woni gorko gooto to Sokoto meeting e ooɗoo iwdi Sokoto. Nde ofisee jaŋde diiwaan Angalteer humpitaa wonde Shagari arii, ɓeydagol njoɓdi makko joɗɗinaama e oon hitaande ngam waɗde ɗum ñaawoore.

Pilot Afrik worgo oo haɗaama e nder duɗe diiwaan worgo oo, Shagari winndi ɗum winndannde ngam umminde ɗum e hitaande 1948. E oon sahaa gooto, Shagari fuɗɗinooma daranaade yaltugol laamu koloñaal nde o yaltini deftere Hausa ina joginoo jimɗi ɗe o inniri &quot;Anti Colonialist in&quot;. E hitaande 1950, Shagari, suka jannginoowo jahroowo e duuɓi 25, suɓaama e gardagol ofisee diiwaan Angalteer biyeteeɗo H.A.S Johnson ngam tawtoreede batu Ibadan ngam yeewtidde e doosgal leydi Richards.

Suɓngo parlemaa

E hitaande 1954, Shehu Shagari suɓaama e nder laamu mum gadano, o woni tergal suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde ngam Sokoto bannge worgo. E hitaande 1958, Shagari toɗɗaa koolaaɗo kuuɓal parlemaa (o woppi golle ɗee ko e hitaande 1959) to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer, hono Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, e ndeen hitaande kadi o woni jaagorde fedde nde to bannge njulaagu e gollorɗe.

Toɗɗagol jaagorɗe

Tuggi 1959 haa 1960, Shagari woni jaagorɗo fedde nde ngam ɓamtaare faggudu leydi Naajeeriya jeytaare, ɗo jaagorgal makko woni e ƴettude peeje ƴellitaare 1962–1968. Ko ministeer ƴellitaare faggudu Shagari halfinaa kadi sosde Goomu ƴellitaare Niiseer-Delta. Tuggi 1960 haa 1962, o woni jaagorde pension lesdi ndi'i, nden o hoosi kuugal Najeeriyanisaasiyoŋ kuugal laamu. Tuggi 1962 haa 1965, Shagari waɗtaa jaagorgal nder leydi fedde nde. Gila 1965 haa kuudetaa militeer gadano e lewru Yarkomaa 1966, Shagari wonnoo ko jaagorgal fedde ndee e golle, o waɗii eɓɓooji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi, ina jeyaa heen Pont Eko Lagos, ko ɗum woni kontaraaji mawɗi gadani ɗi fedde mahdi Almaañnaajo Julius Berger to Nijeer, e timminde Pont Niger mo Minister96 Prime6r yamiri e hitaande 1966 Baleewa. E hitaande 1967, o toɗɗaa sekreteruuji ngam ƴellitde jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto. Tuggi 1968 haa 1969, Shagari hokkaama darnde dowla nder diiwal Fuunaange-rewo, o woni Komiseriyaa dowlaaji.

Shagari (hakkunde) e hooreejo leydi Tafawa Balewa mo keɓata defte keewɗe ummoraade e annduɗo ko faati e neɗɗaagu Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Melville J. Herskovits to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hirnaange-rewo e hitaande 1961

Ko o tergal Parlemaa e jaagorgal fedde nde, Shagari ardiima, o jeyaa ko e misiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya caggal leydi. Ko o jaagorgal ƴellitaare faggudu, o woniino tergal e delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to batu Tangiers to Komisiyoŋ Faggudu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Afrik (ECA), tawi ko jaagorgal kaalis mawɗo Festus Okotie Eboh ardii ɗum. E hitaande 1961, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo, mawninde duuɓi sappo jeytaare leydi Libi. E hitaande ndee tan, o woniino e batu jaagorɗe GATT to Geneve, ɗo o ƴetti haala Fedde Faggudu Orop (ECC) ngam ƴellitde leyɗeele Afrik hono Nijeer ɗe ngonaano e oon sahaa, jokkondirɗe e EEC. E ndeen hitaande kadi, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ to batu parlemaa Commonwealth (CPA) to Londres. O woni hooreejo batu CPA garoowo yuɓɓinaangu to Lagos hakkunde oktoobar e noowammbar 1962.

E hitaande 1962, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo e batu ECA to Addis Abeba haa batu tataɓo komisiyoŋ oo, ko adii fof ko Nijeer tawtoraama e nder tergal timmungal ɗo o wiyi e semmbe ngam ƴellitde cogguuli geɗe nguura. E hitaande 1963, Shagari woni nulaaɗo leydi Najeriya e batu CPA to Kuala Lumpur. Ndeen e lewru desaambar 1965, nde Ian Smith waɗi bayyinaango jeytaare leydi ngootiri, Shehu Shagari tawtoraama batu CPA to Wellington, Nuwel Selannde ɗo o ñiŋi, o waɗi heen bayyinaango laaɓtungo e bayyinaango Ian Smith ngoo. E nder batu gooto. Shagari hollitii kadi mettere mum e Rodesi hannde Zimbaabwee, ɗo o ñiŋi politik koloñaal Angalteer e no o jogori jogaade ngonka Rodesi. Haala Shehu Shagari e nder batu CPA ina maantiniri no feewi, ina yaaji no feewi, haa o dañii njettoor keewɗo e juuɗe nulaaɓe woɗɓe. Shehu Shagari waɗii batte mawɗe e politik e laamu mum.

O waɗii kadi tiitoonde e nder jaaynde wiyeteende Christchurch Star to leydi Nuwel Selannde ñalnde 4 desaambar 1965, e jaaynde wiyeteende The Morning Post to Wellington.

Shagari (rowre caggal to bannge ñaamo) to galle laamorɗo Amerik e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Abubakar Tafawa Balewa e hooreejo leydi Amerik John F. Kennedy (1961)

O ardiima kadi delegaasiyoŋ to joɗnde adannde Goomu renndo faggudu faggudu Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OUA). Shagari kadi woniino wakilto gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii e sahaaji ceertuɗi, haa arti noon e nde hooreejo leydi Ejipt, hono Gamal Abdel Nasser, noddi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Najeriya, hono Abubakar, ngam ƴeewtaade peeje kisal leydi Ejipt. O lomtiima kadi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Tafawa Balewa e wirwirnde Winston Churchill.

Ko adii hooreejo leydi</text>
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      <text bytes="11618" sha1="gwhtodyycxx1cawn943vbi1piy3xqrf" xml:space="preserve">Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari GCFR (hausa pronunciation; 25 feebariyee 1925 – 28 lewru desaambar 2018) ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya mo woni hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gadano suɓaaɗo e dow demokaraasi, caggal nde hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo hokki laamu nguu e hitaande 1979.

O golliima seeɗa e jannginoowo hade makko naatde e politik e hitaande 1951 ; e o suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji hitaande 1954. E wakkatiiji feere-feere hakkunde hitaande 1958 rewrude e ndimu leydi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960 e hitaande 1975, o jogi kuugal kabine bana komisinaajo lesdi Naajeeriya. E nder ɗeen balɗe, Shagari waɗii darnde mawnde e nder fannuuji keewɗi e faggudu leydi Najeriya. Ko o jaagorgal golle, o waɗii darnde tiiɗnde e ƴellitaare gollorɗe. Ko o ministaajo ƴellitaare faggudu, o waɗii nafoore mawnde e yuɓɓinde peeje faggudu leydi Naajeeriya caggal jeytaare mum, kadi ko o Komisinaajo Fedde nde (hannde ko ministaajo) ngam kaalis, o ardiima udditgol Naira. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o ardii ƴellitaare faggudu, yaajnude gollorɗe, e ƴellitde gollorɗe, o yamiri Ajaokuta Steel Mill, eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude e nder Afrik, ngam waɗde njuɓɓudi ƴellitaare gollorɗe leydi Najeriya. Njuɓɓudi makko ina wondi e caɗeele, haa arti noon e ŋakkeende faggudu e ŋakkeende kisal politik. Laamu makko joofi ko e kuudetaa konu e hitaande 1983.

Duuɓi gadani

Shehu Usmaan Shagari jibinaa ko ñalnde 25 feebariyee 1925 to Shagari e galle fulɓe juulɓe sunnit en. Wuro Shagari sosinnoo ngo ko mawniiko biyeteeɗo Ahmadu Rufa’i. O mawni ko e galle jom rewɓe heewɓe, ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo jeegom jibinaaɗo e nder galle hee. Baaba makko biyeteeɗo Aliyu Shagari ko Magajin Shagari (magaji firti ko hooreejo wuro). Ko adii nde o wontata Magajin Shagari, Aliyu ko demoowo, njulaagu, duroowo. Kono, sabu laabi aadaaji haɗnooɗi laamɓe tawtoreede njulaagu, Aliyu woppii yoga e nafooje mum njulaagu nde o wonti Magaji. Aliyu maayi duuɓi jowi caggal jibineede Shehu, mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Bello, ƴetti mantol baaba mum e nder dumunna juutɗo, hono Magajin Shagari.

Shagari fuɗɗii jaŋde mum ko e duɗal Quraana, caggal ɗuum o yahi o hoɗi e banndiraaɓe makko to wuro saraaji mum, ɗo o naati duɗal leslesal Yabo tuggi 1931 haa 1935. E hitaande 1936–1940, o yahi Sokoto ngam janngude hakkundeere, caggal ɗuum tuggi 1941 haa 1944 o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa. Hakkunde 1944 e 1952, Shagari heɓi bak mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe, to Zaria, Kaduna, to leydi Nijeer. Tuggi 1953 haa 1958, Shagari heɓi golle jannginoowo njillu to diiwaan Sokoto. O woniino kadi tergal e Yiilirde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe gila 1954 haa 1958.

Fuɗɗoode golle politik

Naatgol e dawrugol 

Shehu Usman Shagari naati nder siyaasaaku nder hitaande 1951 nde o laati hooreejo kawtal yimɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya haa Sokoto, lesdi Naajeeriya, kuugal ngal o jogi haa hitaande 1956. Ammaa kuuɗe maako siyaasaaku arandeeji fuɗɗi nder hitaande 1945, nde o woni jannginoowo o sosi fedde sukaaɓe wiyeteende secretary i Sokoto Social be Circle. Fedde nde wonti gooto e pelle tokoose ɗe kawri ngam jeyeede e fedde yimɓe worgo (NPC), sosaande e hitaande 1948.

E hitaande 1948, nde Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe mo NCNC woni e njillu mum e nder leydi Najeriya ngam dañde kaalis ngam neldude delegaasiyoŋ to Londres ngam ɗaɓɓude e Ofis Koloñaal yo woppu doosɗe leydi Richard nde tawnoo ko nde demokaraasi, Shehu Shagari mo nganndu-ɗaa ko jannguɗo no feewi deftere Pilot Afrik-Hirnaange ko kanko tan woni gorko gooto to Sokoto meeting e ooɗoo iwdi Sokoto. Nde ofisee jaŋde diiwaan Angalteer humpitaa wonde Shagari arii, ɓeydagol njoɓdi makko joɗɗinaama e oon hitaande ngam waɗde ɗum ñaawoore.

Pilot Afrik worgo oo haɗaama e nder duɗe diiwaan worgo oo, Shagari winndi ɗum winndannde ngam umminde ɗum e hitaande 1948. E oon sahaa gooto, Shagari fuɗɗinooma daranaade yaltugol laamu koloñaal nde o yaltini deftere Hausa ina joginoo jimɗi ɗe o inniri &quot;Anti Colonialist in&quot;. E hitaande 1950, Shagari, suka jannginoowo jahroowo e duuɓi 25, suɓaama e gardagol ofisee diiwaan Angalteer biyeteeɗo H.A.S Johnson ngam tawtoreede batu Ibadan ngam yeewtidde e doosgal leydi Richards.

Suɓngo parlemaa

E hitaande 1954, Shehu Shagari suɓaama e nder laamu mum gadano, o woni tergal suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde ngam Sokoto bannge worgo. E hitaande 1958, Shagari toɗɗaa koolaaɗo kuuɓal parlemaa (o woppi golle ɗee ko e hitaande 1959) to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer, hono Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, e ndeen hitaande kadi o woni jaagorde fedde nde to bannge njulaagu e gollorɗe.

Toɗɗagol jaagorɗe

Tuggi 1959 haa 1960, Shagari woni jaagorɗo fedde nde ngam ɓamtaare faggudu leydi Naajeeriya jeytaare, ɗo jaagorgal makko woni e ƴettude peeje ƴellitaare 1962–1968. Ko ministeer ƴellitaare faggudu Shagari halfinaa kadi sosde Goomu ƴellitaare Niiseer-Delta. Tuggi 1960 haa 1962, o woni jaagorde pension lesdi ndi'i, nden o hoosi kuugal Najeeriyanisaasiyoŋ kuugal laamu. Tuggi 1962 haa 1965, Shagari waɗtaa jaagorgal nder leydi fedde nde. Gila 1965 haa kuudetaa militeer gadano e lewru Yarkomaa 1966, Shagari wonnoo ko jaagorgal fedde ndee e golle, o waɗii eɓɓooji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi, ina jeyaa heen Pont Eko Lagos, ko ɗum woni kontaraaji mawɗi gadani ɗi fedde mahdi Almaañnaajo Julius Berger to Nijeer, e timminde Pont Niger mo Minister96 Prime6r yamiri e hitaande 1966 Baleewa. E hitaande 1967, o toɗɗaa sekreteruuji ngam ƴellitde jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto. Tuggi 1968 haa 1969, Shagari hokkaama darnde dowla nder diiwal Fuunaange-rewo, o woni Komiseriyaa dowlaaji.

Shagari (hakkunde) e hooreejo leydi Tafawa Balewa mo keɓata defte keewɗe ummoraade e annduɗo ko faati e neɗɗaagu Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Melville J. Herskovits to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hirnaange-rewo e hitaande 1961

Ko o tergal Parlemaa e jaagorgal fedde nde, Shagari ardiima, o jeyaa ko e misiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya caggal leydi. Ko o jaagorgal ƴellitaare faggudu, o woniino tergal e delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to batu Tangiers to Komisiyoŋ Faggudu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Afrik (ECA), tawi ko jaagorgal kaalis mawɗo Festus Okotie Eboh ardii ɗum. E hitaande 1961, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo, mawninde duuɓi sappo jeytaare leydi Libi. E hitaande ndee tan, o woniino e batu jaagorɗe GATT to Geneve, ɗo o ƴetti haala Fedde Faggudu Orop (ECC) ngam ƴellitde leyɗeele Afrik hono Nijeer ɗe ngonaano e oon sahaa, jokkondirɗe e EEC. E ndeen hitaande kadi, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ to batu parlemaa Commonwealth (CPA) to Londres. O woni hooreejo batu CPA garoowo yuɓɓinaangu to Lagos hakkunde oktoobar e noowammbar 1962.

E hitaande 1962, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo e batu ECA to Addis Abeba haa batu tataɓo komisiyoŋ oo, ko adii fof ko Nijeer tawtoraama e nder tergal timmungal ɗo o wiyi e semmbe ngam ƴellitde cogguuli geɗe nguura. E hitaande 1963, Shagari woni nulaaɗo leydi Najeriya e batu CPA to Kuala Lumpur. Ndeen e lewru desaambar 1965, nde Ian Smith waɗi bayyinaango jeytaare leydi ngootiri, Shehu Shagari tawtoraama batu CPA to Wellington, Nuwel Selannde ɗo o ñiŋi, o waɗi heen bayyinaango laaɓtungo e bayyinaango Ian Smith ngoo. E nder batu gooto. Shagari hollitii kadi mettere mum e Rodesi hannde Zimbaabwee, ɗo o ñiŋi politik koloñaal Angalteer e no o jogori jogaade ngonka Rodesi. Haala Shehu Shagari e nder batu CPA ina maantiniri no feewi, ina yaaji no feewi, haa o dañii njettoor keewɗo e juuɗe nulaaɓe woɗɓe. Shehu Shagari waɗii batte mawɗe e politik e laamu mum.

O waɗii kadi tiitoonde e nder jaaynde wiyeteende Christchurch Star to leydi Nuwel Selannde ñalnde 4 desaambar 1965, e jaaynde wiyeteende The Morning Post to Wellington.

Shagari (rowre caggal to bannge ñaamo) to galle laamorɗo Amerik e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Abubakar Tafawa Balewa e hooreejo leydi Amerik John F. Kennedy (1961)

O ardiima kadi delegaasiyoŋ to joɗnde adannde Goomu renndo faggudu faggudu Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OUA). Shagari kadi woniino wakilto gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii e sahaaji ceertuɗi, haa arti noon e nde hooreejo leydi Ejipt, hono Gamal Abdel Nasser, noddi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Najeriya, hono Abubakar, ngam ƴeewtaade peeje kisal leydi Ejipt. O lomtiima kadi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Tafawa Balewa e wirwirnde Winston Churchill.

Ko adii hooreejo leydi

Falnde Republique gadano

Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer 1966 e kuudetaa Nijeer 1966

Caggal kuudetaa leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1966, Shagari ina jeyaa e ardiiɓe laamu nguu, ɓe ndokki laamu nguu e juuɗe ardorde konu leydi ndii, hono Maj. Gen. Aguiyi Ironsi. O arti Sokoto ngam ɓamtude jaŋde. O wonii gardiiɗo fedde ƴellitaare jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto e hitaande 1967, ɗo o mahi duɗe diiwaan keewɗe. Caggal mum o toɗɗaama Komiseer Sosiyetee e Heblo kadi o golliima seeɗa e Komiseer Jaŋde e nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Fuɗnaange-rewo ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, hade makko noddaade ngam golloraade e les laamu konu fedde nde, hono Gen. Yakubu Gowon.

Jaagorgal caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele

Caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, tuggi 1970 haa 1971, Shagari toɗɗaama e juuɗe hooreejo konu leydi ndii, Seneraal Yakubu Gowon, ngam wonde komisinaajo fedde nde ngam ƴellitaare faggudu, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol golle ngam waɗde politik nanondiral laamu Gowon. Shagari fuɗɗii mahde e moƴƴitinde duɗe, opitaaluuji, e gollorɗe goɗɗe to Fuɗnaange-rewo. O ƴetti kadi golle ngam waawde wallude yimɓe Fuɗnaange-rewo ngam ɓe ngarta e golle laamu nde o woni e yeewtidde e makko ngam yoɓde kasoo politik Biafran caggal nde ɓataake mo Pius Okigbo winndi mo, o soodaa e makko e nder kasooji Enugu.

Tuggi 1971 haa 1975 o wonii komisariyaajo fedde (darnde wiyeteende hannde ministeer) to bannge kaalis. Wakkati o laati komisinaajo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya, Shagari laati kadi guwerneer Banki Duniyaaru, nden o ɗonno nder goomu ceede lesdi Naajeeriya (FMI) mo yimɓe cappanɗe ɗiɗi. Shagari bana jaagorɗo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya kadi o ɗon mari ceede lesdi Naajeeriya naira. E hitaande 1976, Shagari fuɗɗii fedde wiyeteende Nigeria Trust Fund to Banke Afrik ngam ƴellitaare, tawi ko 100 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam wallitde leyɗeele Afrik miskineeɓe ngam wallitde yoga e eɓɓooji mum en ƴellitaare.

Ko o jaagorgal e les njiimaandi Gowon, Shagari ƴetti kadi golle jam ngam haɓaade Julius Nyerere mo Tansani e Idi Amin mo Uganndaa ngam haɗde wolde Uganndaa e Tansani e ittude konu mum en e keeri (SUDA), e nder ɗuum o fuɗɗii mahde Luumo Sokoto Modern. E nder mbayliigu laamuuji nokkuuji e les njiimaandi laamu ngu Obasanjo ardii. Shagari suɓaama ngam wonde jaagorgal laamu nokku Yabo e hitaande 1976.

Suɓngo hooreejo leydi

Winndannde mawnde: Republique Nijeer ɗiɗaɓere

Caggal ɗuum, o golliima e batu doosɗe leydi 1977–1978, ƴettuɗo doosɗe leydi 1979. E hitaande 1978, Shehu Shagari wonnoo ko tergal sosngal lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer. E hitaande 1979 Shagari suɓaama e lannda kaa ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e wooteeji gardagol leydi e ndeen hitaande, ɗi o heɓi e wooteeji 1979 e ballal gardiiɗo kampaañ makko, hono Umaru Dikko. Kampaañ oo ina joginoo ballal politikaaji keewɗi mawɗi to Fuɗnaange e nder leƴƴi pamari to bannge worgo. Motto lanyol ngol woni &quot;Leñol gootel, Daarol Gootel&quot; ngol yi'aama bana lanyol ɓurngol wallugo ɗuuɗal lesdi Naajeeriya.

Hooreejo leydi

Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya

Faggudu

E nder boom petroŋ, Shagari waɗi ndema, njulaagu, galleeji e yah-ngartaa ko paandaale faggudu mawɗe njuɓɓudi laamu mum.</text>
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      <text bytes="15212" sha1="q56yseeoa74brnfz1t3sewbdniiy1xv" xml:space="preserve">Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari GCFR (hausa pronunciation; 25 feebariyee 1925 – 28 lewru desaambar 2018) ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya mo woni hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gadano suɓaaɗo e dow demokaraasi, caggal nde hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo hokki laamu nguu e hitaande 1979.

O golliima seeɗa e jannginoowo hade makko naatde e politik e hitaande 1951 ; e o suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji hitaande 1954. E wakkatiiji feere-feere hakkunde hitaande 1958 rewrude e ndimu leydi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960 e hitaande 1975, o jogi kuugal kabine bana komisinaajo lesdi Naajeeriya. E nder ɗeen balɗe, Shagari waɗii darnde mawnde e nder fannuuji keewɗi e faggudu leydi Najeriya. Ko o jaagorgal golle, o waɗii darnde tiiɗnde e ƴellitaare gollorɗe. Ko o ministaajo ƴellitaare faggudu, o waɗii nafoore mawnde e yuɓɓinde peeje faggudu leydi Naajeeriya caggal jeytaare mum, kadi ko o Komisinaajo Fedde nde (hannde ko ministaajo) ngam kaalis, o ardiima udditgol Naira. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o ardii ƴellitaare faggudu, yaajnude gollorɗe, e ƴellitde gollorɗe, o yamiri Ajaokuta Steel Mill, eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude e nder Afrik, ngam waɗde njuɓɓudi ƴellitaare gollorɗe leydi Najeriya. Njuɓɓudi makko ina wondi e caɗeele, haa arti noon e ŋakkeende faggudu e ŋakkeende kisal politik. Laamu makko joofi ko e kuudetaa konu e hitaande 1983.

Duuɓi gadani

Shehu Usmaan Shagari jibinaa ko ñalnde 25 feebariyee 1925 to Shagari e galle fulɓe juulɓe sunnit en. Wuro Shagari sosinnoo ngo ko mawniiko biyeteeɗo Ahmadu Rufa’i. O mawni ko e galle jom rewɓe heewɓe, ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo jeegom jibinaaɗo e nder galle hee. Baaba makko biyeteeɗo Aliyu Shagari ko Magajin Shagari (magaji firti ko hooreejo wuro). Ko adii nde o wontata Magajin Shagari, Aliyu ko demoowo, njulaagu, duroowo. Kono, sabu laabi aadaaji haɗnooɗi laamɓe tawtoreede njulaagu, Aliyu woppii yoga e nafooje mum njulaagu nde o wonti Magaji. Aliyu maayi duuɓi jowi caggal jibineede Shehu, mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Bello, ƴetti mantol baaba mum e nder dumunna juutɗo, hono Magajin Shagari.

Shagari fuɗɗii jaŋde mum ko e duɗal Quraana, caggal ɗuum o yahi o hoɗi e banndiraaɓe makko to wuro saraaji mum, ɗo o naati duɗal leslesal Yabo tuggi 1931 haa 1935. E hitaande 1936–1940, o yahi Sokoto ngam janngude hakkundeere, caggal ɗuum tuggi 1941 haa 1944 o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa. Hakkunde 1944 e 1952, Shagari heɓi bak mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe, to Zaria, Kaduna, to leydi Nijeer. Tuggi 1953 haa 1958, Shagari heɓi golle jannginoowo njillu to diiwaan Sokoto. O woniino kadi tergal e Yiilirde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe gila 1954 haa 1958.

Fuɗɗoode golle politik

Naatgol e dawrugol 

Shehu Usman Shagari naati nder siyaasaaku nder hitaande 1951 nde o laati hooreejo kawtal yimɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya haa Sokoto, lesdi Naajeeriya, kuugal ngal o jogi haa hitaande 1956. Ammaa kuuɗe maako siyaasaaku arandeeji fuɗɗi nder hitaande 1945, nde o woni jannginoowo o sosi fedde sukaaɓe wiyeteende secretary i Sokoto Social be Circle. Fedde nde wonti gooto e pelle tokoose ɗe kawri ngam jeyeede e fedde yimɓe worgo (NPC), sosaande e hitaande 1948.

E hitaande 1948, nde Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe mo NCNC woni e njillu mum e nder leydi Najeriya ngam dañde kaalis ngam neldude delegaasiyoŋ to Londres ngam ɗaɓɓude e Ofis Koloñaal yo woppu doosɗe leydi Richard nde tawnoo ko nde demokaraasi, Shehu Shagari mo nganndu-ɗaa ko jannguɗo no feewi deftere Pilot Afrik-Hirnaange ko kanko tan woni gorko gooto to Sokoto meeting e ooɗoo iwdi Sokoto. Nde ofisee jaŋde diiwaan Angalteer humpitaa wonde Shagari arii, ɓeydagol njoɓdi makko joɗɗinaama e oon hitaande ngam waɗde ɗum ñaawoore.

Pilot Afrik worgo oo haɗaama e nder duɗe diiwaan worgo oo, Shagari winndi ɗum winndannde ngam umminde ɗum e hitaande 1948. E oon sahaa gooto, Shagari fuɗɗinooma daranaade yaltugol laamu koloñaal nde o yaltini deftere Hausa ina joginoo jimɗi ɗe o inniri &quot;Anti Colonialist in&quot;. E hitaande 1950, Shagari, suka jannginoowo jahroowo e duuɓi 25, suɓaama e gardagol ofisee diiwaan Angalteer biyeteeɗo H.A.S Johnson ngam tawtoreede batu Ibadan ngam yeewtidde e doosgal leydi Richards.

Suɓngo parlemaa

E hitaande 1954, Shehu Shagari suɓaama e nder laamu mum gadano, o woni tergal suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde ngam Sokoto bannge worgo. E hitaande 1958, Shagari toɗɗaa koolaaɗo kuuɓal parlemaa (o woppi golle ɗee ko e hitaande 1959) to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer, hono Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, e ndeen hitaande kadi o woni jaagorde fedde nde to bannge njulaagu e gollorɗe.

Toɗɗagol jaagorɗe

Tuggi 1959 haa 1960, Shagari woni jaagorɗo fedde nde ngam ɓamtaare faggudu leydi Naajeeriya jeytaare, ɗo jaagorgal makko woni e ƴettude peeje ƴellitaare 1962–1968. Ko ministeer ƴellitaare faggudu Shagari halfinaa kadi sosde Goomu ƴellitaare Niiseer-Delta. Tuggi 1960 haa 1962, o woni jaagorde pension lesdi ndi'i, nden o hoosi kuugal Najeeriyanisaasiyoŋ kuugal laamu. Tuggi 1962 haa 1965, Shagari waɗtaa jaagorgal nder leydi fedde nde. Gila 1965 haa kuudetaa militeer gadano e lewru Yarkomaa 1966, Shagari wonnoo ko jaagorgal fedde ndee e golle, o waɗii eɓɓooji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi, ina jeyaa heen Pont Eko Lagos, ko ɗum woni kontaraaji mawɗi gadani ɗi fedde mahdi Almaañnaajo Julius Berger to Nijeer, e timminde Pont Niger mo Minister96 Prime6r yamiri e hitaande 1966 Baleewa. E hitaande 1967, o toɗɗaa sekreteruuji ngam ƴellitde jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto. Tuggi 1968 haa 1969, Shagari hokkaama darnde dowla nder diiwal Fuunaange-rewo, o woni Komiseriyaa dowlaaji.

Shagari (hakkunde) e hooreejo leydi Tafawa Balewa mo keɓata defte keewɗe ummoraade e annduɗo ko faati e neɗɗaagu Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Melville J. Herskovits to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hirnaange-rewo e hitaande 1961

Ko o tergal Parlemaa e jaagorgal fedde nde, Shagari ardiima, o jeyaa ko e misiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya caggal leydi. Ko o jaagorgal ƴellitaare faggudu, o woniino tergal e delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to batu Tangiers to Komisiyoŋ Faggudu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Afrik (ECA), tawi ko jaagorgal kaalis mawɗo Festus Okotie Eboh ardii ɗum. E hitaande 1961, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo, mawninde duuɓi sappo jeytaare leydi Libi. E hitaande ndee tan, o woniino e batu jaagorɗe GATT to Geneve, ɗo o ƴetti haala Fedde Faggudu Orop (ECC) ngam ƴellitde leyɗeele Afrik hono Nijeer ɗe ngonaano e oon sahaa, jokkondirɗe e EEC. E ndeen hitaande kadi, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ to batu parlemaa Commonwealth (CPA) to Londres. O woni hooreejo batu CPA garoowo yuɓɓinaangu to Lagos hakkunde oktoobar e noowammbar 1962.

E hitaande 1962, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo e batu ECA to Addis Abeba haa batu tataɓo komisiyoŋ oo, ko adii fof ko Nijeer tawtoraama e nder tergal timmungal ɗo o wiyi e semmbe ngam ƴellitde cogguuli geɗe nguura. E hitaande 1963, Shagari woni nulaaɗo leydi Najeriya e batu CPA to Kuala Lumpur. Ndeen e lewru desaambar 1965, nde Ian Smith waɗi bayyinaango jeytaare leydi ngootiri, Shehu Shagari tawtoraama batu CPA to Wellington, Nuwel Selannde ɗo o ñiŋi, o waɗi heen bayyinaango laaɓtungo e bayyinaango Ian Smith ngoo. E nder batu gooto. Shagari hollitii kadi mettere mum e Rodesi hannde Zimbaabwee, ɗo o ñiŋi politik koloñaal Angalteer e no o jogori jogaade ngonka Rodesi. Haala Shehu Shagari e nder batu CPA ina maantiniri no feewi, ina yaaji no feewi, haa o dañii njettoor keewɗo e juuɗe nulaaɓe woɗɓe. Shehu Shagari waɗii batte mawɗe e politik e laamu mum.

O waɗii kadi tiitoonde e nder jaaynde wiyeteende Christchurch Star to leydi Nuwel Selannde ñalnde 4 desaambar 1965, e jaaynde wiyeteende The Morning Post to Wellington.

Shagari (rowre caggal to bannge ñaamo) to galle laamorɗo Amerik e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Abubakar Tafawa Balewa e hooreejo leydi Amerik John F. Kennedy (1961)

O ardiima kadi delegaasiyoŋ to joɗnde adannde Goomu renndo faggudu faggudu Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OUA). Shagari kadi woniino wakilto gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii e sahaaji ceertuɗi, haa arti noon e nde hooreejo leydi Ejipt, hono Gamal Abdel Nasser, noddi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Najeriya, hono Abubakar, ngam ƴeewtaade peeje kisal leydi Ejipt. O lomtiima kadi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Tafawa Balewa e wirwirnde Winston Churchill.

Ko adii hooreejo leydi

Falnde Republique gadano

Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer 1966 e kuudetaa Nijeer 1966

Caggal kuudetaa leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1966, Shagari ina jeyaa e ardiiɓe laamu nguu, ɓe ndokki laamu nguu e juuɗe ardorde konu leydi ndii, hono Maj. Gen. Aguiyi Ironsi. O arti Sokoto ngam ɓamtude jaŋde. O wonii gardiiɗo fedde ƴellitaare jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto e hitaande 1967, ɗo o mahi duɗe diiwaan keewɗe. Caggal mum o toɗɗaama Komiseer Sosiyetee e Heblo kadi o golliima seeɗa e Komiseer Jaŋde e nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Fuɗnaange-rewo ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, hade makko noddaade ngam golloraade e les laamu konu fedde nde, hono Gen. Yakubu Gowon.

Jaagorgal caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele

Caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, tuggi 1970 haa 1971, Shagari toɗɗaama e juuɗe hooreejo konu leydi ndii, Seneraal Yakubu Gowon, ngam wonde komisinaajo fedde nde ngam ƴellitaare faggudu, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol golle ngam waɗde politik nanondiral laamu Gowon. Shagari fuɗɗii mahde e moƴƴitinde duɗe, opitaaluuji, e gollorɗe goɗɗe to Fuɗnaange-rewo. O ƴetti kadi golle ngam waawde wallude yimɓe Fuɗnaange-rewo ngam ɓe ngarta e golle laamu nde o woni e yeewtidde e makko ngam yoɓde kasoo politik Biafran caggal nde ɓataake mo Pius Okigbo winndi mo, o soodaa e makko e nder kasooji Enugu.

Tuggi 1971 haa 1975 o wonii komisariyaajo fedde (darnde wiyeteende hannde ministeer) to bannge kaalis. Wakkati o laati komisinaajo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya, Shagari laati kadi guwerneer Banki Duniyaaru, nden o ɗonno nder goomu ceede lesdi Naajeeriya (FMI) mo yimɓe cappanɗe ɗiɗi. Shagari bana jaagorɗo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya kadi o ɗon mari ceede lesdi Naajeeriya naira. E hitaande 1976, Shagari fuɗɗii fedde wiyeteende Nigeria Trust Fund to Banke Afrik ngam ƴellitaare, tawi ko 100 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam wallitde leyɗeele Afrik miskineeɓe ngam wallitde yoga e eɓɓooji mum en ƴellitaare.

Ko o jaagorgal e les njiimaandi Gowon, Shagari ƴetti kadi golle jam ngam haɓaade Julius Nyerere mo Tansani e Idi Amin mo Uganndaa ngam haɗde wolde Uganndaa e Tansani e ittude konu mum en e keeri (SUDA), e nder ɗuum o fuɗɗii mahde Luumo Sokoto Modern. E nder mbayliigu laamuuji nokkuuji e les njiimaandi laamu ngu Obasanjo ardii. Shagari suɓaama ngam wonde jaagorgal laamu nokku Yabo e hitaande 1976.

Suɓngo hooreejo leydi

Winndannde mawnde: Republique Nijeer ɗiɗaɓere

Caggal ɗuum, o golliima e batu doosɗe leydi 1977–1978, ƴettuɗo doosɗe leydi 1979. E hitaande 1978, Shehu Shagari wonnoo ko tergal sosngal lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer. E hitaande 1979 Shagari suɓaama e lannda kaa ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e wooteeji gardagol leydi e ndeen hitaande, ɗi o heɓi e wooteeji 1979 e ballal gardiiɗo kampaañ makko, hono Umaru Dikko. Kampaañ oo ina joginoo ballal politikaaji keewɗi mawɗi to Fuɗnaange e nder leƴƴi pamari to bannge worgo. Motto lanyol ngol woni &quot;Leñol gootel, Daarol Gootel&quot; ngol yi'aama bana lanyol ɓurngol wallugo ɗuuɗal lesdi Naajeeriya.

Hooreejo leydi

Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya

Faggudu

E nder boom petroŋ, Shagari waɗi ndema, njulaagu, galleeji e yah-ngartaa ko paandaale faggudu mawɗe njuɓɓudi laamu mum.

Ndemri

Laamu Shagari fuɗɗii &quot;Revolution verte&quot;, renndinde aawdi e ñamri e remooɓe ngam ɓeydude ngalu leydi ndii fof e nder ndema, E nder ndema. Faandaare ndee wonnoo ko ƴellitde kuutoragol masiŋaaji mekanik e nder ndema. Ndee eɓɓaande ina weltini remooɓe mawɓe ngam waawde feewnude geɗe keewɗe. O yamiri kadi baraas Bakalori e nder diiwaan Sokoto, e diiwaan Caad fombina, e diiwaan Borno, baraas Kafin Zaki e nder diiwaan Bauchi, baraas maayo Ogun, e diiwaan Ogun, baraas Dadin Kowa e nder diiwaan Bauchi, baraas Goronyo e nder diiwaan Sokoto, e baraas Zobe, e nder diiwaan Kastina.

Kuugal

Miijo njamndi Ajaokuta

E hitaande 1980, e ngalu petroŋ, Shagari joofni mahngo refineeri Kaduna, fuɗɗii golle e ndeen hitaande. Kadi e ngalu petroŋ, Shagari fuɗɗii mahngo Ajaokuta Steel Mill mo fotnoo timmude e hitaande 1983. Ko eɓɓaande ɓurnde mawnude e eɓɓaande steel nde meeɗaa fuɗɗaade e Afrik e sahaa mahngo mum. Koolol njamndi ngol noddiraa ko &quot;kaaƴe gonɗe e njulaagu leydi Najeriya&quot;.

Shagari timmini kuugal njamndi Delta nder hitaande 1982. Haa hitaande 1983, Shagari sosi sosiyetee limngal aluminium lesdi Naajeeriya haa Ikot Abasi. Mills Rolling Steel tati goɗɗi ɗo mahaa, ina jeyaa heen ɗi Osogbo, Katsina e Jos. Kono Shagari ustii geɗal royalties petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi gila e 30 haa 2 e nder teemedere. Shagari sosi kadi Duɗal janngingol petroŋ.

Wonno kadi ko gollorɗe otooji ko wayi no ANAMMCO to Anambra ɗe ndarnaa e hitaande 1980, gollorɗe mooɓondiral Volkswagen to diiwaan Oyo, otooji Peugeot to diiwaan Kaduna, FIAT to diiwaan Kano e Styer to diiwaan Bauchi.

Koɗki

To bannge galleeji, Shagari ina joginoo faandaare mahde 200 000 galle, kono haa lewru suwee 1983, ko ujunnaaje capanɗe tati (32 000) galle tan njoofi. Fuu e ŋakkeende mum, ko ɗum eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude nde Naajeeriya meeɗi yiyde e nder galleeji laamu.

Hortol

Laana ndiwoowa Nigeria (jooni ɗon mari duuɓi) yi'i duuɓi maako kaŋŋe wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓre les lesdi Shehu Shagari

E nder yah-ngartaa, o udditi laawol ɗuuɗngol nder lesdi ndi'i hawtaade e ngol yahdugo haa laamorde lesdi ndi'i, Abuja. Laabi goɗɗi teskinɗi peewnaaɗi ko wayi no : Badagry-Sokoto, Lagos-Kano, Port Harcourt-Enugu, Kano-Bauchi, Warri-Okene, Abuja-Kaduna, Calabar-Ikom, Yola-Maiduguri, Mokwa-Jidda, Abuja-Keffi, Effurun-Katsibia-Patanii e Effurun-Katsibia-Patanii Potiskum-Mayduguri.

Shagari kadi mahii e moƴƴinii won e portooji maayo ina jeyaa heen Porto Sapele e fuɗɗoraade Port Harcourt Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Portooji nder leydi kadi mahaa e jamaanu kadi porto maayo keso yamiraama to Onitsha e porto maayo goɗɗo jamaanu ngam golloraade Ajaokuta Steel Mill.

To bannge diwooje, Shagari sosi ministeer diwooje, mahii diwooje tati to Minna, Bauchi e Akure. Piirooji kesi kadi keɓaama ngam Naajeeriya Airways ina heen laanaaji diwooje Boeing 737s 8 e laanaaji diwooje 4 Airbus A310s ɗi Naajeeriya ɓuri jogaade laylaytol diwooje ɓurngol mawnude e nder Afrik.

Kaalis

Doggol coggu petrol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1981, toɗɗii kaalis laamu leydi Najeriya. Shagari « salii jaɓɓaade » njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi ummoraade e FMI e Banke Adunaajo nde kiris oo yahrata yeeso, o fuɗɗii kadi Porogaraam ngam dartinde faggudu ngam wallitde reende leydi ndii e jippagol tiiɗngol gila e tolnooji toowɗi gadani ɗii e kitaale 1970 e ƴellitde faggudu nduu feewde e ɓeydagol moƴƴol. Faandaare mawnde eɓɓaande ndee ko ustude lisaasuuji naatgol, ustude njoɓdi laamu, e ɓeydude njoɓɗeele doosɗe. Kono njeñtudi porogaraam dartingol ngol ina famɗi.</text>
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      <text bytes="19426" sha1="do9lllm4yk8b9wnuve54ddl5odzupvm" xml:space="preserve">Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari GCFR (hausa pronunciation; 25 feebariyee 1925 – 28 lewru desaambar 2018) ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya mo woni hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gadano suɓaaɗo e dow demokaraasi, caggal nde hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo hokki laamu nguu e hitaande 1979.

O golliima seeɗa e jannginoowo hade makko naatde e politik e hitaande 1951 ; e o suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji hitaande 1954. E wakkatiiji feere-feere hakkunde hitaande 1958 rewrude e ndimu leydi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960 e hitaande 1975, o jogi kuugal kabine bana komisinaajo lesdi Naajeeriya. E nder ɗeen balɗe, Shagari waɗii darnde mawnde e nder fannuuji keewɗi e faggudu leydi Najeriya. Ko o jaagorgal golle, o waɗii darnde tiiɗnde e ƴellitaare gollorɗe. Ko o ministaajo ƴellitaare faggudu, o waɗii nafoore mawnde e yuɓɓinde peeje faggudu leydi Naajeeriya caggal jeytaare mum, kadi ko o Komisinaajo Fedde nde (hannde ko ministaajo) ngam kaalis, o ardiima udditgol Naira. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o ardii ƴellitaare faggudu, yaajnude gollorɗe, e ƴellitde gollorɗe, o yamiri Ajaokuta Steel Mill, eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude e nder Afrik, ngam waɗde njuɓɓudi ƴellitaare gollorɗe leydi Najeriya. Njuɓɓudi makko ina wondi e caɗeele, haa arti noon e ŋakkeende faggudu e ŋakkeende kisal politik. Laamu makko joofi ko e kuudetaa konu e hitaande 1983.

Duuɓi gadani

Shehu Usmaan Shagari jibinaa ko ñalnde 25 feebariyee 1925 to Shagari e galle fulɓe juulɓe sunnit en. Wuro Shagari sosinnoo ngo ko mawniiko biyeteeɗo Ahmadu Rufa’i. O mawni ko e galle jom rewɓe heewɓe, ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo jeegom jibinaaɗo e nder galle hee. Baaba makko biyeteeɗo Aliyu Shagari ko Magajin Shagari (magaji firti ko hooreejo wuro). Ko adii nde o wontata Magajin Shagari, Aliyu ko demoowo, njulaagu, duroowo. Kono, sabu laabi aadaaji haɗnooɗi laamɓe tawtoreede njulaagu, Aliyu woppii yoga e nafooje mum njulaagu nde o wonti Magaji. Aliyu maayi duuɓi jowi caggal jibineede Shehu, mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Bello, ƴetti mantol baaba mum e nder dumunna juutɗo, hono Magajin Shagari.

Shagari fuɗɗii jaŋde mum ko e duɗal Quraana, caggal ɗuum o yahi o hoɗi e banndiraaɓe makko to wuro saraaji mum, ɗo o naati duɗal leslesal Yabo tuggi 1931 haa 1935. E hitaande 1936–1940, o yahi Sokoto ngam janngude hakkundeere, caggal ɗuum tuggi 1941 haa 1944 o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa. Hakkunde 1944 e 1952, Shagari heɓi bak mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe, to Zaria, Kaduna, to leydi Nijeer. Tuggi 1953 haa 1958, Shagari heɓi golle jannginoowo njillu to diiwaan Sokoto. O woniino kadi tergal e Yiilirde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe gila 1954 haa 1958.

Fuɗɗoode golle politik

Naatgol e dawrugol 

Shehu Usman Shagari naati nder siyaasaaku nder hitaande 1951 nde o laati hooreejo kawtal yimɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya haa Sokoto, lesdi Naajeeriya, kuugal ngal o jogi haa hitaande 1956. Ammaa kuuɗe maako siyaasaaku arandeeji fuɗɗi nder hitaande 1945, nde o woni jannginoowo o sosi fedde sukaaɓe wiyeteende secretary i Sokoto Social be Circle. Fedde nde wonti gooto e pelle tokoose ɗe kawri ngam jeyeede e fedde yimɓe worgo (NPC), sosaande e hitaande 1948.

E hitaande 1948, nde Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe mo NCNC woni e njillu mum e nder leydi Najeriya ngam dañde kaalis ngam neldude delegaasiyoŋ to Londres ngam ɗaɓɓude e Ofis Koloñaal yo woppu doosɗe leydi Richard nde tawnoo ko nde demokaraasi, Shehu Shagari mo nganndu-ɗaa ko jannguɗo no feewi deftere Pilot Afrik-Hirnaange ko kanko tan woni gorko gooto to Sokoto meeting e ooɗoo iwdi Sokoto. Nde ofisee jaŋde diiwaan Angalteer humpitaa wonde Shagari arii, ɓeydagol njoɓdi makko joɗɗinaama e oon hitaande ngam waɗde ɗum ñaawoore.

Pilot Afrik worgo oo haɗaama e nder duɗe diiwaan worgo oo, Shagari winndi ɗum winndannde ngam umminde ɗum e hitaande 1948. E oon sahaa gooto, Shagari fuɗɗinooma daranaade yaltugol laamu koloñaal nde o yaltini deftere Hausa ina joginoo jimɗi ɗe o inniri &quot;Anti Colonialist in&quot;. E hitaande 1950, Shagari, suka jannginoowo jahroowo e duuɓi 25, suɓaama e gardagol ofisee diiwaan Angalteer biyeteeɗo H.A.S Johnson ngam tawtoreede batu Ibadan ngam yeewtidde e doosgal leydi Richards.

Suɓngo parlemaa

E hitaande 1954, Shehu Shagari suɓaama e nder laamu mum gadano, o woni tergal suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde ngam Sokoto bannge worgo. E hitaande 1958, Shagari toɗɗaa koolaaɗo kuuɓal parlemaa (o woppi golle ɗee ko e hitaande 1959) to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer, hono Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, e ndeen hitaande kadi o woni jaagorde fedde nde to bannge njulaagu e gollorɗe.

Toɗɗagol jaagorɗe

Tuggi 1959 haa 1960, Shagari woni jaagorɗo fedde nde ngam ɓamtaare faggudu leydi Naajeeriya jeytaare, ɗo jaagorgal makko woni e ƴettude peeje ƴellitaare 1962–1968. Ko ministeer ƴellitaare faggudu Shagari halfinaa kadi sosde Goomu ƴellitaare Niiseer-Delta. Tuggi 1960 haa 1962, o woni jaagorde pension lesdi ndi'i, nden o hoosi kuugal Najeeriyanisaasiyoŋ kuugal laamu. Tuggi 1962 haa 1965, Shagari waɗtaa jaagorgal nder leydi fedde nde. Gila 1965 haa kuudetaa militeer gadano e lewru Yarkomaa 1966, Shagari wonnoo ko jaagorgal fedde ndee e golle, o waɗii eɓɓooji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi, ina jeyaa heen Pont Eko Lagos, ko ɗum woni kontaraaji mawɗi gadani ɗi fedde mahdi Almaañnaajo Julius Berger to Nijeer, e timminde Pont Niger mo Minister96 Prime6r yamiri e hitaande 1966 Baleewa. E hitaande 1967, o toɗɗaa sekreteruuji ngam ƴellitde jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto. Tuggi 1968 haa 1969, Shagari hokkaama darnde dowla nder diiwal Fuunaange-rewo, o woni Komiseriyaa dowlaaji.

Shagari (hakkunde) e hooreejo leydi Tafawa Balewa mo keɓata defte keewɗe ummoraade e annduɗo ko faati e neɗɗaagu Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Melville J. Herskovits to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hirnaange-rewo e hitaande 1961

Ko o tergal Parlemaa e jaagorgal fedde nde, Shagari ardiima, o jeyaa ko e misiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya caggal leydi. Ko o jaagorgal ƴellitaare faggudu, o woniino tergal e delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to batu Tangiers to Komisiyoŋ Faggudu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Afrik (ECA), tawi ko jaagorgal kaalis mawɗo Festus Okotie Eboh ardii ɗum. E hitaande 1961, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo, mawninde duuɓi sappo jeytaare leydi Libi. E hitaande ndee tan, o woniino e batu jaagorɗe GATT to Geneve, ɗo o ƴetti haala Fedde Faggudu Orop (ECC) ngam ƴellitde leyɗeele Afrik hono Nijeer ɗe ngonaano e oon sahaa, jokkondirɗe e EEC. E ndeen hitaande kadi, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ to batu parlemaa Commonwealth (CPA) to Londres. O woni hooreejo batu CPA garoowo yuɓɓinaangu to Lagos hakkunde oktoobar e noowammbar 1962.

E hitaande 1962, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo e batu ECA to Addis Abeba haa batu tataɓo komisiyoŋ oo, ko adii fof ko Nijeer tawtoraama e nder tergal timmungal ɗo o wiyi e semmbe ngam ƴellitde cogguuli geɗe nguura. E hitaande 1963, Shagari woni nulaaɗo leydi Najeriya e batu CPA to Kuala Lumpur. Ndeen e lewru desaambar 1965, nde Ian Smith waɗi bayyinaango jeytaare leydi ngootiri, Shehu Shagari tawtoraama batu CPA to Wellington, Nuwel Selannde ɗo o ñiŋi, o waɗi heen bayyinaango laaɓtungo e bayyinaango Ian Smith ngoo. E nder batu gooto. Shagari hollitii kadi mettere mum e Rodesi hannde Zimbaabwee, ɗo o ñiŋi politik koloñaal Angalteer e no o jogori jogaade ngonka Rodesi. Haala Shehu Shagari e nder batu CPA ina maantiniri no feewi, ina yaaji no feewi, haa o dañii njettoor keewɗo e juuɗe nulaaɓe woɗɓe. Shehu Shagari waɗii batte mawɗe e politik e laamu mum.

O waɗii kadi tiitoonde e nder jaaynde wiyeteende Christchurch Star to leydi Nuwel Selannde ñalnde 4 desaambar 1965, e jaaynde wiyeteende The Morning Post to Wellington.

Shagari (rowre caggal to bannge ñaamo) to galle laamorɗo Amerik e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Abubakar Tafawa Balewa e hooreejo leydi Amerik John F. Kennedy (1961)

O ardiima kadi delegaasiyoŋ to joɗnde adannde Goomu renndo faggudu faggudu Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OUA). Shagari kadi woniino wakilto gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii e sahaaji ceertuɗi, haa arti noon e nde hooreejo leydi Ejipt, hono Gamal Abdel Nasser, noddi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Najeriya, hono Abubakar, ngam ƴeewtaade peeje kisal leydi Ejipt. O lomtiima kadi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Tafawa Balewa e wirwirnde Winston Churchill.

Ko adii hooreejo leydi

Falnde Republique gadano

Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer 1966 e kuudetaa Nijeer 1966

Caggal kuudetaa leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1966, Shagari ina jeyaa e ardiiɓe laamu nguu, ɓe ndokki laamu nguu e juuɗe ardorde konu leydi ndii, hono Maj. Gen. Aguiyi Ironsi. O arti Sokoto ngam ɓamtude jaŋde. O wonii gardiiɗo fedde ƴellitaare jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto e hitaande 1967, ɗo o mahi duɗe diiwaan keewɗe. Caggal mum o toɗɗaama Komiseer Sosiyetee e Heblo kadi o golliima seeɗa e Komiseer Jaŋde e nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Fuɗnaange-rewo ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, hade makko noddaade ngam golloraade e les laamu konu fedde nde, hono Gen. Yakubu Gowon.

Jaagorgal caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele

Caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, tuggi 1970 haa 1971, Shagari toɗɗaama e juuɗe hooreejo konu leydi ndii, Seneraal Yakubu Gowon, ngam wonde komisinaajo fedde nde ngam ƴellitaare faggudu, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol golle ngam waɗde politik nanondiral laamu Gowon. Shagari fuɗɗii mahde e moƴƴitinde duɗe, opitaaluuji, e gollorɗe goɗɗe to Fuɗnaange-rewo. O ƴetti kadi golle ngam waawde wallude yimɓe Fuɗnaange-rewo ngam ɓe ngarta e golle laamu nde o woni e yeewtidde e makko ngam yoɓde kasoo politik Biafran caggal nde ɓataake mo Pius Okigbo winndi mo, o soodaa e makko e nder kasooji Enugu.

Tuggi 1971 haa 1975 o wonii komisariyaajo fedde (darnde wiyeteende hannde ministeer) to bannge kaalis. Wakkati o laati komisinaajo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya, Shagari laati kadi guwerneer Banki Duniyaaru, nden o ɗonno nder goomu ceede lesdi Naajeeriya (FMI) mo yimɓe cappanɗe ɗiɗi. Shagari bana jaagorɗo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya kadi o ɗon mari ceede lesdi Naajeeriya naira. E hitaande 1976, Shagari fuɗɗii fedde wiyeteende Nigeria Trust Fund to Banke Afrik ngam ƴellitaare, tawi ko 100 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam wallitde leyɗeele Afrik miskineeɓe ngam wallitde yoga e eɓɓooji mum en ƴellitaare.

Ko o jaagorgal e les njiimaandi Gowon, Shagari ƴetti kadi golle jam ngam haɓaade Julius Nyerere mo Tansani e Idi Amin mo Uganndaa ngam haɗde wolde Uganndaa e Tansani e ittude konu mum en e keeri (SUDA), e nder ɗuum o fuɗɗii mahde Luumo Sokoto Modern. E nder mbayliigu laamuuji nokkuuji e les njiimaandi laamu ngu Obasanjo ardii. Shagari suɓaama ngam wonde jaagorgal laamu nokku Yabo e hitaande 1976.

Suɓngo hooreejo leydi

Winndannde mawnde: Republique Nijeer ɗiɗaɓere

Caggal ɗuum, o golliima e batu doosɗe leydi 1977–1978, ƴettuɗo doosɗe leydi 1979. E hitaande 1978, Shehu Shagari wonnoo ko tergal sosngal lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer. E hitaande 1979 Shagari suɓaama e lannda kaa ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e wooteeji gardagol leydi e ndeen hitaande, ɗi o heɓi e wooteeji 1979 e ballal gardiiɗo kampaañ makko, hono Umaru Dikko. Kampaañ oo ina joginoo ballal politikaaji keewɗi mawɗi to Fuɗnaange e nder leƴƴi pamari to bannge worgo. Motto lanyol ngol woni &quot;Leñol gootel, Daarol Gootel&quot; ngol yi'aama bana lanyol ɓurngol wallugo ɗuuɗal lesdi Naajeeriya.

Hooreejo leydi

Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya

Faggudu

E nder boom petroŋ, Shagari waɗi ndema, njulaagu, galleeji e yah-ngartaa ko paandaale faggudu mawɗe njuɓɓudi laamu mum.

Ndemri

Laamu Shagari fuɗɗii &quot;Revolution verte&quot;, renndinde aawdi e ñamri e remooɓe ngam ɓeydude ngalu leydi ndii fof e nder ndema, E nder ndema. Faandaare ndee wonnoo ko ƴellitde kuutoragol masiŋaaji mekanik e nder ndema. Ndee eɓɓaande ina weltini remooɓe mawɓe ngam waawde feewnude geɗe keewɗe. O yamiri kadi baraas Bakalori e nder diiwaan Sokoto, e diiwaan Caad fombina, e diiwaan Borno, baraas Kafin Zaki e nder diiwaan Bauchi, baraas maayo Ogun, e diiwaan Ogun, baraas Dadin Kowa e nder diiwaan Bauchi, baraas Goronyo e nder diiwaan Sokoto, e baraas Zobe, e nder diiwaan Kastina.

Kuugal

Miijo njamndi Ajaokuta

E hitaande 1980, e ngalu petroŋ, Shagari joofni mahngo refineeri Kaduna, fuɗɗii golle e ndeen hitaande. Kadi e ngalu petroŋ, Shagari fuɗɗii mahngo Ajaokuta Steel Mill mo fotnoo timmude e hitaande 1983. Ko eɓɓaande ɓurnde mawnude e eɓɓaande steel nde meeɗaa fuɗɗaade e Afrik e sahaa mahngo mum. Koolol njamndi ngol noddiraa ko &quot;kaaƴe gonɗe e njulaagu leydi Najeriya&quot;.

Shagari timmini kuugal njamndi Delta nder hitaande 1982. Haa hitaande 1983, Shagari sosi sosiyetee limngal aluminium lesdi Naajeeriya haa Ikot Abasi. Mills Rolling Steel tati goɗɗi ɗo mahaa, ina jeyaa heen ɗi Osogbo, Katsina e Jos. Kono Shagari ustii geɗal royalties petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi gila e 30 haa 2 e nder teemedere. Shagari sosi kadi Duɗal janngingol petroŋ.

Wonno kadi ko gollorɗe otooji ko wayi no ANAMMCO to Anambra ɗe ndarnaa e hitaande 1980, gollorɗe mooɓondiral Volkswagen to diiwaan Oyo, otooji Peugeot to diiwaan Kaduna, FIAT to diiwaan Kano e Styer to diiwaan Bauchi.

Koɗki

To bannge galleeji, Shagari ina joginoo faandaare mahde 200 000 galle, kono haa lewru suwee 1983, ko ujunnaaje capanɗe tati (32 000) galle tan njoofi. Fuu e ŋakkeende mum, ko ɗum eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude nde Naajeeriya meeɗi yiyde e nder galleeji laamu.

Hortol

Laana ndiwoowa Nigeria (jooni ɗon mari duuɓi) yi'i duuɓi maako kaŋŋe wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓre les lesdi Shehu Shagari

E nder yah-ngartaa, o udditi laawol ɗuuɗngol nder lesdi ndi'i hawtaade e ngol yahdugo haa laamorde lesdi ndi'i, Abuja. Laabi goɗɗi teskinɗi peewnaaɗi ko wayi no : Badagry-Sokoto, Lagos-Kano, Port Harcourt-Enugu, Kano-Bauchi, Warri-Okene, Abuja-Kaduna, Calabar-Ikom, Yola-Maiduguri, Mokwa-Jidda, Abuja-Keffi, Effurun-Katsibia-Patanii e Effurun-Katsibia-Patanii Potiskum-Mayduguri.

Shagari kadi mahii e moƴƴinii won e portooji maayo ina jeyaa heen Porto Sapele e fuɗɗoraade Port Harcourt Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Portooji nder leydi kadi mahaa e jamaanu kadi porto maayo keso yamiraama to Onitsha e porto maayo goɗɗo jamaanu ngam golloraade Ajaokuta Steel Mill.

To bannge diwooje, Shagari sosi ministeer diwooje, mahii diwooje tati to Minna, Bauchi e Akure. Piirooji kesi kadi keɓaama ngam Naajeeriya Airways ina heen laanaaji diwooje Boeing 737s 8 e laanaaji diwooje 4 Airbus A310s ɗi Naajeeriya ɓuri jogaade laylaytol diwooje ɓurngol mawnude e nder Afrik.

Kaalis

Doggol coggu petrol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1981, toɗɗii kaalis laamu leydi Najeriya. Shagari « salii jaɓɓaade » njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi ummoraade e FMI e Banke Adunaajo nde kiris oo yahrata yeeso, o fuɗɗii kadi Porogaraam ngam dartinde faggudu ngam wallitde reende leydi ndii e jippagol tiiɗngol gila e tolnooji toowɗi gadani ɗii e kitaale 1970 e ƴellitde faggudu nduu feewde e ɓeydagol moƴƴol. Faandaare mawnde eɓɓaande ndee ko ustude lisaasuuji naatgol, ustude njoɓdi laamu, e ɓeydude njoɓɗeele doosɗe. Kono njeñtudi porogaraam dartingol ngol ina famɗi.

Korsa e Tiɗnaare Haɓaade Korsa

Hay so tawii Shehu Shagari woppitaama e hoore mum e golle bonɗe, Republique ɗiɗmo oo ina wondi e tuumeede fenaande, haa arti noon e tuumeede fenaande woote e wooteeji 1983. Ɗumɗoon noon, yantude e ustaare coggu petroŋ winndere ndee, e bonnugol kaalis ngenndi, caɗeele, addani laamu nguu waasde yiɗde ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii no feewi.

Kono hade makko ittude e laamu, e manndaa makko ɗiɗmo, Shagari waɗii eɓɓooje ngam haɓaade fenaande rewrude e ministeer keso toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njuɓɓudi ngenndiwal e gardagol Yusuf Maitama Sule, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko ɗuum tan sosaa. Taskaram kesum fuɗɗaama wi'eteeɗum Ethical Revolution ko mari hare mawnde ngam haɓugo bee ɓilla lesdi Gen. Muhammadu Buhari nder Eɓɓooje maako. Jaagorgal ngal duumiima tan ko lebbi tati hade kuudetaa 1983. E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo juutɗo, Shagari joginoo tan ko 7 e nder 45 jaagorɗe laamu ɓennungu nguu ngam hollirde darnde mum e haɓaade fenaande. Kono ɗuum jaɓaani junngo militeer en ƴettuɗo laamu nguu.

E nder laamu

E duuɓi tokoosi.

Laamu Shagari waɗii nafooje keewɗe e jaŋde. E nder manndaa makko duuɓi nay, ɓeydagol mawngol waɗii e duɗe hakkundeeje, jannginooɓe e duɗe janngirɗe kolees ɓeydiima. E hitaande 1981 kampaañ jaŋde mawnde fuɗɗii, e hitaande 1982, jaŋde 6–3–3–5 fuɗɗii. Laamu Shagari kadi mahii duɗe janngirɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Najeriya. Jaaɓihaaɗtirdeeji kesi karallaagal ɗo sosaa e nder diiwanuuji Bauchi, Benue, Adamawa, Ondo, Imo, e Osun. Ɓe ngoni Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Karallaagal Yola; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Akure; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Owerri; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Minna; Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ndema fedde nde, Abeokuta ; e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Abuubakar taafawa balewa. Laamu Shagari kadi ƴettii koleesuuji jaŋde goɗɗi jeeɗiɗi gonɗi hannde ɗii, mbaɗti ɗum en duɗe dokkuɗe dipolomaaji to Abraka, Ondo, Kano, Ado Ekiti, Bidda, Port Harcourt, e Zaria e kadi sosde politeknikuuji goɗɗi jeetati fedde nde to Ado Ekiti, Bidda, Bauchi, Idah, Uwana e Yofiklapo). Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Federal Open of Nigeria kadi sosaa ko e sahaa nde laamu Shagari joofi e hitaande 1981. Kadi ina rokka bursiiji ngam janngooɓe caggal leydi.

E nder kampaañ makko, Shagari suɓii debbo gooto ummoriiɗo to diiwaan Imo ngam wonde kanndidaa makko, ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi makko. Ammaa o sali ɓaawo o jaɓi ko adii, ngam soynde ballal hukuumaaji lesdi Naajeeriya haa Fombina-Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya to tikket cukko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya zoned to, ɗum woni ko ɓuri ɓadaaki rewɓe Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɗum fof e wayde noon, jaagorɗe e dipolomaat en rewɓe adanɓe e nder leydi Najeriya ko Shagari toɗɗii ɗum en. O toɗɗii Ebun Oyagbola yo won jaagorgal ko feewti e peewnugol leydi, caggal ɗuum o wonti ammbasadeer to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik to Panama, Kosta Rika e Guatemala e Mrs Janet Akinrinade yo won jaagorgal nder leydi e jaagorɗe ɗiɗi goɗɗe rewɓe Mrs Asinobi e Mrs Ivasi. Ko noon kadi, Mrs Elizabeth Ogbon toɗɗaama konsul mawɗo to Hamburg Almaañ, Mrs R Mohammed woni ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to Bostwana e Zimbaabwee. Nde tawnoo sukaaɓe heewɓe ina njokkondiri e laamu Shagari e jaagorɗe e wasiyaaji. Ina jeyaa e ɓurɓe anndeede ɓee, Prof. Pat Utomi, mo duuɓi 29 nde o toɗɗaa jaagorgal faggudu. Jaagorɗe toɗɗaaɗe e nder duuɓi mum en njahrata ko e duuɓi 30 ko Audu Innocent Ogbeh (32) e Bello Maitama Yusuf (34). Heewɓe e jaagorɗe kabine ɗee ina njogii duuɓi 50 les.

Geɗe ngenndiije

NNS AARADU

Ƴellitaare konu

Laamu Shagari nguu duuɓi gooti yi’i ɓeydagol jaawngol e mbaawkaaji konu leydi Naajeeriya. Naajeeriya heɓi ko ɓuri heewde e kaɓirɗe mum softuɗe e ooɗoo sahaa haa e ƴellitgol e keɓgol ko ɓooyaani koo. Sodeede konu e les njiimaandi Shagari ina heddii e ɓurde toowde e nder daartol leydi Najeriya. Ina jeyaa heen laanaaji diwooje alfa, laanaaji diwooje MIG, laanaaji diwooje 3 C-130H-30 Hercules, laanaaji diwooje elikopteeruuji e ko nanndi heen. NNS Aradu (F89) woni laanawol ɓurngol softugo nder konu ndiyam Naajeeriya heɓaama wakkati maako.</text>
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      <text bytes="22379" sha1="b6qkmq8ootzamnrwqhckdibpwd6or7v" xml:space="preserve">Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari GCFR (hausa pronunciation; 25 feebariyee 1925 – 28 lewru desaambar 2018) ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya mo woni hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gadano suɓaaɗo e dow demokaraasi, caggal nde hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo hokki laamu nguu e hitaande 1979.

O golliima seeɗa e jannginoowo hade makko naatde e politik e hitaande 1951 ; e o suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji hitaande 1954. E wakkatiiji feere-feere hakkunde hitaande 1958 rewrude e ndimu leydi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960 e hitaande 1975, o jogi kuugal kabine bana komisinaajo lesdi Naajeeriya. E nder ɗeen balɗe, Shagari waɗii darnde mawnde e nder fannuuji keewɗi e faggudu leydi Najeriya. Ko o jaagorgal golle, o waɗii darnde tiiɗnde e ƴellitaare gollorɗe. Ko o ministaajo ƴellitaare faggudu, o waɗii nafoore mawnde e yuɓɓinde peeje faggudu leydi Naajeeriya caggal jeytaare mum, kadi ko o Komisinaajo Fedde nde (hannde ko ministaajo) ngam kaalis, o ardiima udditgol Naira. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o ardii ƴellitaare faggudu, yaajnude gollorɗe, e ƴellitde gollorɗe, o yamiri Ajaokuta Steel Mill, eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude e nder Afrik, ngam waɗde njuɓɓudi ƴellitaare gollorɗe leydi Najeriya. Njuɓɓudi makko ina wondi e caɗeele, haa arti noon e ŋakkeende faggudu e ŋakkeende kisal politik. Laamu makko joofi ko e kuudetaa konu e hitaande 1983.

Duuɓi gadani

Shehu Usmaan Shagari jibinaa ko ñalnde 25 feebariyee 1925 to Shagari e galle fulɓe juulɓe sunnit en. Wuro Shagari sosinnoo ngo ko mawniiko biyeteeɗo Ahmadu Rufa’i. O mawni ko e galle jom rewɓe heewɓe, ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo jeegom jibinaaɗo e nder galle hee. Baaba makko biyeteeɗo Aliyu Shagari ko Magajin Shagari (magaji firti ko hooreejo wuro). Ko adii nde o wontata Magajin Shagari, Aliyu ko demoowo, njulaagu, duroowo. Kono, sabu laabi aadaaji haɗnooɗi laamɓe tawtoreede njulaagu, Aliyu woppii yoga e nafooje mum njulaagu nde o wonti Magaji. Aliyu maayi duuɓi jowi caggal jibineede Shehu, mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Bello, ƴetti mantol baaba mum e nder dumunna juutɗo, hono Magajin Shagari.

Shagari fuɗɗii jaŋde mum ko e duɗal Quraana, caggal ɗuum o yahi o hoɗi e banndiraaɓe makko to wuro saraaji mum, ɗo o naati duɗal leslesal Yabo tuggi 1931 haa 1935. E hitaande 1936–1940, o yahi Sokoto ngam janngude hakkundeere, caggal ɗuum tuggi 1941 haa 1944 o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa. Hakkunde 1944 e 1952, Shagari heɓi bak mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe, to Zaria, Kaduna, to leydi Nijeer. Tuggi 1953 haa 1958, Shagari heɓi golle jannginoowo njillu to diiwaan Sokoto. O woniino kadi tergal e Yiilirde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe gila 1954 haa 1958.

Fuɗɗoode golle politik

Naatgol e dawrugol 

Shehu Usman Shagari naati nder siyaasaaku nder hitaande 1951 nde o laati hooreejo kawtal yimɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya haa Sokoto, lesdi Naajeeriya, kuugal ngal o jogi haa hitaande 1956. Ammaa kuuɗe maako siyaasaaku arandeeji fuɗɗi nder hitaande 1945, nde o woni jannginoowo o sosi fedde sukaaɓe wiyeteende secretary i Sokoto Social be Circle. Fedde nde wonti gooto e pelle tokoose ɗe kawri ngam jeyeede e fedde yimɓe worgo (NPC), sosaande e hitaande 1948.

E hitaande 1948, nde Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe mo NCNC woni e njillu mum e nder leydi Najeriya ngam dañde kaalis ngam neldude delegaasiyoŋ to Londres ngam ɗaɓɓude e Ofis Koloñaal yo woppu doosɗe leydi Richard nde tawnoo ko nde demokaraasi, Shehu Shagari mo nganndu-ɗaa ko jannguɗo no feewi deftere Pilot Afrik-Hirnaange ko kanko tan woni gorko gooto to Sokoto meeting e ooɗoo iwdi Sokoto. Nde ofisee jaŋde diiwaan Angalteer humpitaa wonde Shagari arii, ɓeydagol njoɓdi makko joɗɗinaama e oon hitaande ngam waɗde ɗum ñaawoore.

Pilot Afrik worgo oo haɗaama e nder duɗe diiwaan worgo oo, Shagari winndi ɗum winndannde ngam umminde ɗum e hitaande 1948. E oon sahaa gooto, Shagari fuɗɗinooma daranaade yaltugol laamu koloñaal nde o yaltini deftere Hausa ina joginoo jimɗi ɗe o inniri &quot;Anti Colonialist in&quot;. E hitaande 1950, Shagari, suka jannginoowo jahroowo e duuɓi 25, suɓaama e gardagol ofisee diiwaan Angalteer biyeteeɗo H.A.S Johnson ngam tawtoreede batu Ibadan ngam yeewtidde e doosgal leydi Richards.

Suɓngo parlemaa

E hitaande 1954, Shehu Shagari suɓaama e nder laamu mum gadano, o woni tergal suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde ngam Sokoto bannge worgo. E hitaande 1958, Shagari toɗɗaa koolaaɗo kuuɓal parlemaa (o woppi golle ɗee ko e hitaande 1959) to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer, hono Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, e ndeen hitaande kadi o woni jaagorde fedde nde to bannge njulaagu e gollorɗe.

Toɗɗagol jaagorɗe

Tuggi 1959 haa 1960, Shagari woni jaagorɗo fedde nde ngam ɓamtaare faggudu leydi Naajeeriya jeytaare, ɗo jaagorgal makko woni e ƴettude peeje ƴellitaare 1962–1968. Ko ministeer ƴellitaare faggudu Shagari halfinaa kadi sosde Goomu ƴellitaare Niiseer-Delta. Tuggi 1960 haa 1962, o woni jaagorde pension lesdi ndi'i, nden o hoosi kuugal Najeeriyanisaasiyoŋ kuugal laamu. Tuggi 1962 haa 1965, Shagari waɗtaa jaagorgal nder leydi fedde nde. Gila 1965 haa kuudetaa militeer gadano e lewru Yarkomaa 1966, Shagari wonnoo ko jaagorgal fedde ndee e golle, o waɗii eɓɓooji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi, ina jeyaa heen Pont Eko Lagos, ko ɗum woni kontaraaji mawɗi gadani ɗi fedde mahdi Almaañnaajo Julius Berger to Nijeer, e timminde Pont Niger mo Minister96 Prime6r yamiri e hitaande 1966 Baleewa. E hitaande 1967, o toɗɗaa sekreteruuji ngam ƴellitde jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto. Tuggi 1968 haa 1969, Shagari hokkaama darnde dowla nder diiwal Fuunaange-rewo, o woni Komiseriyaa dowlaaji.

Shagari (hakkunde) e hooreejo leydi Tafawa Balewa mo keɓata defte keewɗe ummoraade e annduɗo ko faati e neɗɗaagu Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Melville J. Herskovits to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hirnaange-rewo e hitaande 1961

Ko o tergal Parlemaa e jaagorgal fedde nde, Shagari ardiima, o jeyaa ko e misiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya caggal leydi. Ko o jaagorgal ƴellitaare faggudu, o woniino tergal e delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to batu Tangiers to Komisiyoŋ Faggudu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Afrik (ECA), tawi ko jaagorgal kaalis mawɗo Festus Okotie Eboh ardii ɗum. E hitaande 1961, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo, mawninde duuɓi sappo jeytaare leydi Libi. E hitaande ndee tan, o woniino e batu jaagorɗe GATT to Geneve, ɗo o ƴetti haala Fedde Faggudu Orop (ECC) ngam ƴellitde leyɗeele Afrik hono Nijeer ɗe ngonaano e oon sahaa, jokkondirɗe e EEC. E ndeen hitaande kadi, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ to batu parlemaa Commonwealth (CPA) to Londres. O woni hooreejo batu CPA garoowo yuɓɓinaangu to Lagos hakkunde oktoobar e noowammbar 1962.

E hitaande 1962, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo e batu ECA to Addis Abeba haa batu tataɓo komisiyoŋ oo, ko adii fof ko Nijeer tawtoraama e nder tergal timmungal ɗo o wiyi e semmbe ngam ƴellitde cogguuli geɗe nguura. E hitaande 1963, Shagari woni nulaaɗo leydi Najeriya e batu CPA to Kuala Lumpur. Ndeen e lewru desaambar 1965, nde Ian Smith waɗi bayyinaango jeytaare leydi ngootiri, Shehu Shagari tawtoraama batu CPA to Wellington, Nuwel Selannde ɗo o ñiŋi, o waɗi heen bayyinaango laaɓtungo e bayyinaango Ian Smith ngoo. E nder batu gooto. Shagari hollitii kadi mettere mum e Rodesi hannde Zimbaabwee, ɗo o ñiŋi politik koloñaal Angalteer e no o jogori jogaade ngonka Rodesi. Haala Shehu Shagari e nder batu CPA ina maantiniri no feewi, ina yaaji no feewi, haa o dañii njettoor keewɗo e juuɗe nulaaɓe woɗɓe. Shehu Shagari waɗii batte mawɗe e politik e laamu mum.

O waɗii kadi tiitoonde e nder jaaynde wiyeteende Christchurch Star to leydi Nuwel Selannde ñalnde 4 desaambar 1965, e jaaynde wiyeteende The Morning Post to Wellington.

Shagari (rowre caggal to bannge ñaamo) to galle laamorɗo Amerik e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Abubakar Tafawa Balewa e hooreejo leydi Amerik John F. Kennedy (1961)

O ardiima kadi delegaasiyoŋ to joɗnde adannde Goomu renndo faggudu faggudu Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OUA). Shagari kadi woniino wakilto gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii e sahaaji ceertuɗi, haa arti noon e nde hooreejo leydi Ejipt, hono Gamal Abdel Nasser, noddi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Najeriya, hono Abubakar, ngam ƴeewtaade peeje kisal leydi Ejipt. O lomtiima kadi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Tafawa Balewa e wirwirnde Winston Churchill.

Ko adii hooreejo leydi

Falnde Republique gadano

Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer 1966 e kuudetaa Nijeer 1966

Caggal kuudetaa leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1966, Shagari ina jeyaa e ardiiɓe laamu nguu, ɓe ndokki laamu nguu e juuɗe ardorde konu leydi ndii, hono Maj. Gen. Aguiyi Ironsi. O arti Sokoto ngam ɓamtude jaŋde. O wonii gardiiɗo fedde ƴellitaare jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto e hitaande 1967, ɗo o mahi duɗe diiwaan keewɗe. Caggal mum o toɗɗaama Komiseer Sosiyetee e Heblo kadi o golliima seeɗa e Komiseer Jaŋde e nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Fuɗnaange-rewo ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, hade makko noddaade ngam golloraade e les laamu konu fedde nde, hono Gen. Yakubu Gowon.

Jaagorgal caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele

Caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, tuggi 1970 haa 1971, Shagari toɗɗaama e juuɗe hooreejo konu leydi ndii, Seneraal Yakubu Gowon, ngam wonde komisinaajo fedde nde ngam ƴellitaare faggudu, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol golle ngam waɗde politik nanondiral laamu Gowon. Shagari fuɗɗii mahde e moƴƴitinde duɗe, opitaaluuji, e gollorɗe goɗɗe to Fuɗnaange-rewo. O ƴetti kadi golle ngam waawde wallude yimɓe Fuɗnaange-rewo ngam ɓe ngarta e golle laamu nde o woni e yeewtidde e makko ngam yoɓde kasoo politik Biafran caggal nde ɓataake mo Pius Okigbo winndi mo, o soodaa e makko e nder kasooji Enugu.

Tuggi 1971 haa 1975 o wonii komisariyaajo fedde (darnde wiyeteende hannde ministeer) to bannge kaalis. Wakkati o laati komisinaajo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya, Shagari laati kadi guwerneer Banki Duniyaaru, nden o ɗonno nder goomu ceede lesdi Naajeeriya (FMI) mo yimɓe cappanɗe ɗiɗi. Shagari bana jaagorɗo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya kadi o ɗon mari ceede lesdi Naajeeriya naira. E hitaande 1976, Shagari fuɗɗii fedde wiyeteende Nigeria Trust Fund to Banke Afrik ngam ƴellitaare, tawi ko 100 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam wallitde leyɗeele Afrik miskineeɓe ngam wallitde yoga e eɓɓooji mum en ƴellitaare.

Ko o jaagorgal e les njiimaandi Gowon, Shagari ƴetti kadi golle jam ngam haɓaade Julius Nyerere mo Tansani e Idi Amin mo Uganndaa ngam haɗde wolde Uganndaa e Tansani e ittude konu mum en e keeri (SUDA), e nder ɗuum o fuɗɗii mahde Luumo Sokoto Modern. E nder mbayliigu laamuuji nokkuuji e les njiimaandi laamu ngu Obasanjo ardii. Shagari suɓaama ngam wonde jaagorgal laamu nokku Yabo e hitaande 1976.

Suɓngo hooreejo leydi

Winndannde mawnde: Republique Nijeer ɗiɗaɓere

Caggal ɗuum, o golliima e batu doosɗe leydi 1977–1978, ƴettuɗo doosɗe leydi 1979. E hitaande 1978, Shehu Shagari wonnoo ko tergal sosngal lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer. E hitaande 1979 Shagari suɓaama e lannda kaa ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e wooteeji gardagol leydi e ndeen hitaande, ɗi o heɓi e wooteeji 1979 e ballal gardiiɗo kampaañ makko, hono Umaru Dikko. Kampaañ oo ina joginoo ballal politikaaji keewɗi mawɗi to Fuɗnaange e nder leƴƴi pamari to bannge worgo. Motto lanyol ngol woni &quot;Leñol gootel, Daarol Gootel&quot; ngol yi'aama bana lanyol ɓurngol wallugo ɗuuɗal lesdi Naajeeriya.

Hooreejo leydi

Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya

Faggudu

E nder boom petroŋ, Shagari waɗi ndema, njulaagu, galleeji e yah-ngartaa ko paandaale faggudu mawɗe njuɓɓudi laamu mum.

Ndemri

Laamu Shagari fuɗɗii &quot;Revolution verte&quot;, renndinde aawdi e ñamri e remooɓe ngam ɓeydude ngalu leydi ndii fof e nder ndema, E nder ndema. Faandaare ndee wonnoo ko ƴellitde kuutoragol masiŋaaji mekanik e nder ndema. Ndee eɓɓaande ina weltini remooɓe mawɓe ngam waawde feewnude geɗe keewɗe. O yamiri kadi baraas Bakalori e nder diiwaan Sokoto, e diiwaan Caad fombina, e diiwaan Borno, baraas Kafin Zaki e nder diiwaan Bauchi, baraas maayo Ogun, e diiwaan Ogun, baraas Dadin Kowa e nder diiwaan Bauchi, baraas Goronyo e nder diiwaan Sokoto, e baraas Zobe, e nder diiwaan Kastina.

Kuugal

Miijo njamndi Ajaokuta

E hitaande 1980, e ngalu petroŋ, Shagari joofni mahngo refineeri Kaduna, fuɗɗii golle e ndeen hitaande. Kadi e ngalu petroŋ, Shagari fuɗɗii mahngo Ajaokuta Steel Mill mo fotnoo timmude e hitaande 1983. Ko eɓɓaande ɓurnde mawnude e eɓɓaande steel nde meeɗaa fuɗɗaade e Afrik e sahaa mahngo mum. Koolol njamndi ngol noddiraa ko &quot;kaaƴe gonɗe e njulaagu leydi Najeriya&quot;.

Shagari timmini kuugal njamndi Delta nder hitaande 1982. Haa hitaande 1983, Shagari sosi sosiyetee limngal aluminium lesdi Naajeeriya haa Ikot Abasi. Mills Rolling Steel tati goɗɗi ɗo mahaa, ina jeyaa heen ɗi Osogbo, Katsina e Jos. Kono Shagari ustii geɗal royalties petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi gila e 30 haa 2 e nder teemedere. Shagari sosi kadi Duɗal janngingol petroŋ.

Wonno kadi ko gollorɗe otooji ko wayi no ANAMMCO to Anambra ɗe ndarnaa e hitaande 1980, gollorɗe mooɓondiral Volkswagen to diiwaan Oyo, otooji Peugeot to diiwaan Kaduna, FIAT to diiwaan Kano e Styer to diiwaan Bauchi.

Koɗki

To bannge galleeji, Shagari ina joginoo faandaare mahde 200 000 galle, kono haa lewru suwee 1983, ko ujunnaaje capanɗe tati (32 000) galle tan njoofi. Fuu e ŋakkeende mum, ko ɗum eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude nde Naajeeriya meeɗi yiyde e nder galleeji laamu.

Hortol

Laana ndiwoowa Nigeria (jooni ɗon mari duuɓi) yi'i duuɓi maako kaŋŋe wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓre les lesdi Shehu Shagari

E nder yah-ngartaa, o udditi laawol ɗuuɗngol nder lesdi ndi'i hawtaade e ngol yahdugo haa laamorde lesdi ndi'i, Abuja. Laabi goɗɗi teskinɗi peewnaaɗi ko wayi no : Badagry-Sokoto, Lagos-Kano, Port Harcourt-Enugu, Kano-Bauchi, Warri-Okene, Abuja-Kaduna, Calabar-Ikom, Yola-Maiduguri, Mokwa-Jidda, Abuja-Keffi, Effurun-Katsibia-Patanii e Effurun-Katsibia-Patanii Potiskum-Mayduguri.

Shagari kadi mahii e moƴƴinii won e portooji maayo ina jeyaa heen Porto Sapele e fuɗɗoraade Port Harcourt Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Portooji nder leydi kadi mahaa e jamaanu kadi porto maayo keso yamiraama to Onitsha e porto maayo goɗɗo jamaanu ngam golloraade Ajaokuta Steel Mill.

To bannge diwooje, Shagari sosi ministeer diwooje, mahii diwooje tati to Minna, Bauchi e Akure. Piirooji kesi kadi keɓaama ngam Naajeeriya Airways ina heen laanaaji diwooje Boeing 737s 8 e laanaaji diwooje 4 Airbus A310s ɗi Naajeeriya ɓuri jogaade laylaytol diwooje ɓurngol mawnude e nder Afrik.

Kaalis

Doggol coggu petrol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1981, toɗɗii kaalis laamu leydi Najeriya. Shagari « salii jaɓɓaade » njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi ummoraade e FMI e Banke Adunaajo nde kiris oo yahrata yeeso, o fuɗɗii kadi Porogaraam ngam dartinde faggudu ngam wallitde reende leydi ndii e jippagol tiiɗngol gila e tolnooji toowɗi gadani ɗii e kitaale 1970 e ƴellitde faggudu nduu feewde e ɓeydagol moƴƴol. Faandaare mawnde eɓɓaande ndee ko ustude lisaasuuji naatgol, ustude njoɓdi laamu, e ɓeydude njoɓɗeele doosɗe. Kono njeñtudi porogaraam dartingol ngol ina famɗi.

Korsa e Tiɗnaare Haɓaade Korsa

Hay so tawii Shehu Shagari woppitaama e hoore mum e golle bonɗe, Republique ɗiɗmo oo ina wondi e tuumeede fenaande, haa arti noon e tuumeede fenaande woote e wooteeji 1983. Ɗumɗoon noon, yantude e ustaare coggu petroŋ winndere ndee, e bonnugol kaalis ngenndi, caɗeele, addani laamu nguu waasde yiɗde ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii no feewi.

Kono hade makko ittude e laamu, e manndaa makko ɗiɗmo, Shagari waɗii eɓɓooje ngam haɓaade fenaande rewrude e ministeer keso toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njuɓɓudi ngenndiwal e gardagol Yusuf Maitama Sule, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko ɗuum tan sosaa. Taskaram kesum fuɗɗaama wi'eteeɗum Ethical Revolution ko mari hare mawnde ngam haɓugo bee ɓilla lesdi Gen. Muhammadu Buhari nder Eɓɓooje maako. Jaagorgal ngal duumiima tan ko lebbi tati hade kuudetaa 1983. E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo juutɗo, Shagari joginoo tan ko 7 e nder 45 jaagorɗe laamu ɓennungu nguu ngam hollirde darnde mum e haɓaade fenaande. Kono ɗuum jaɓaani junngo militeer en ƴettuɗo laamu nguu.

E nder laamu

E duuɓi tokoosi.

Laamu Shagari waɗii nafooje keewɗe e jaŋde. E nder manndaa makko duuɓi nay, ɓeydagol mawngol waɗii e duɗe hakkundeeje, jannginooɓe e duɗe janngirɗe kolees ɓeydiima. E hitaande 1981 kampaañ jaŋde mawnde fuɗɗii, e hitaande 1982, jaŋde 6–3–3–5 fuɗɗii. Laamu Shagari kadi mahii duɗe janngirɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Najeriya. Jaaɓihaaɗtirdeeji kesi karallaagal ɗo sosaa e nder diiwanuuji Bauchi, Benue, Adamawa, Ondo, Imo, e Osun. Ɓe ngoni Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Karallaagal Yola; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Akure; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Owerri; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Minna; Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ndema fedde nde, Abeokuta ; e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Abuubakar taafawa balewa. Laamu Shagari kadi ƴettii koleesuuji jaŋde goɗɗi jeeɗiɗi gonɗi hannde ɗii, mbaɗti ɗum en duɗe dokkuɗe dipolomaaji to Abraka, Ondo, Kano, Ado Ekiti, Bidda, Port Harcourt, e Zaria e kadi sosde politeknikuuji goɗɗi jeetati fedde nde to Ado Ekiti, Bidda, Bauchi, Idah, Uwana e Yofiklapo). Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Federal Open of Nigeria kadi sosaa ko e sahaa nde laamu Shagari joofi e hitaande 1981. Kadi ina rokka bursiiji ngam janngooɓe caggal leydi.

E nder kampaañ makko, Shagari suɓii debbo gooto ummoriiɗo to diiwaan Imo ngam wonde kanndidaa makko, ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi makko. Ammaa o sali ɓaawo o jaɓi ko adii, ngam soynde ballal hukuumaaji lesdi Naajeeriya haa Fombina-Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya to tikket cukko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya zoned to, ɗum woni ko ɓuri ɓadaaki rewɓe Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɗum fof e wayde noon, jaagorɗe e dipolomaat en rewɓe adanɓe e nder leydi Najeriya ko Shagari toɗɗii ɗum en. O toɗɗii Ebun Oyagbola yo won jaagorgal ko feewti e peewnugol leydi, caggal ɗuum o wonti ammbasadeer to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik to Panama, Kosta Rika e Guatemala e Mrs Janet Akinrinade yo won jaagorgal nder leydi e jaagorɗe ɗiɗi goɗɗe rewɓe Mrs Asinobi e Mrs Ivasi. Ko noon kadi, Mrs Elizabeth Ogbon toɗɗaama konsul mawɗo to Hamburg Almaañ, Mrs R Mohammed woni ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to Bostwana e Zimbaabwee. Nde tawnoo sukaaɓe heewɓe ina njokkondiri e laamu Shagari e jaagorɗe e wasiyaaji. Ina jeyaa e ɓurɓe anndeede ɓee, Prof. Pat Utomi, mo duuɓi 29 nde o toɗɗaa jaagorgal faggudu. Jaagorɗe toɗɗaaɗe e nder duuɓi mum en njahrata ko e duuɓi 30 ko Audu Innocent Ogbeh (32) e Bello Maitama Yusuf (34). Heewɓe e jaagorɗe kabine ɗee ina njogii duuɓi 50 les.

Geɗe ngenndiije

NNS AARADU

Ƴellitaare konu

Laamu Shagari nguu duuɓi gooti yi’i ɓeydagol jaawngol e mbaawkaaji konu leydi Naajeeriya. Naajeeriya heɓi ko ɓuri heewde e kaɓirɗe mum softuɗe e ooɗoo sahaa haa e ƴellitgol e keɓgol ko ɓooyaani koo. Sodeede konu e les njiimaandi Shagari ina heddii e ɓurde toowde e nder daartol leydi Najeriya. Ina jeyaa heen laanaaji diwooje alfa, laanaaji diwooje MIG, laanaaji diwooje 3 C-130H-30 Hercules, laanaaji diwooje elikopteeruuji e ko nanndi heen. NNS Aradu (F89) woni laanawol ɓurngol softugo nder konu ndiyam Naajeeriya heɓaama wakkati maako.

Maitatsine e Kano 1980 fitina

Binndanɗe mawɗe : Maitatsine e fitina Kano 1980

Fitinaaji Kano 1980 ko fitinaaji to Kano, leydi Nijeer, tawi ko Maitatsine, waajotooɗo seernaaɓe, e wondiiɓe mum ardii ɗum. Ko ngol woni go’o ko hare mawnde diine e nder Kano caggal koloñaal. Ko ina ɓura 4 177 siwil, 100 polis e fotde 35 militeer mbaraama, tawi heen Maitatsine e hoore mum, ina heewi siforeede ko fuɗɗoode Yan Tatsine. Sabu ɗuum, won miijo yaajngo wonde kisal e faggudu leydi Najeriya ina hulɓinii e juuɗe yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leyɗeele goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje, kadi ngool miijo ina ɓeydoo tiiɗde sabu yimɓe woɗɓe Afrik hirnaange mballitii e njulaagu nguu. Jaagorgal ko feewti e leydi Niger, Caad, Kamerun, Mali e Burkina Faso wondude e ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 juulɓe Naajeeriya mbaraama ko ina tolnoo e 100 poliseeɓe, ɓe ngañii heen 100 poliseeɓe. Konu nodditaa, ustii ngonka ka hade fanatik en ɓee ƴattaade leydi ndii. Kono tan, lowre laamu hollitii wonde ko alɗuɓe ɓe ngonaa laamuyankooɓe ngaddi caɗeele ɗee.

Riiwtude eggooɓe

Winndannde mawnde: Riiwtude yimɓe Afrik hirnaange ummoriiɓe leydi Nijeer

E hitaande 1983, Shagari yaltini yamiroore kuuɓtodinnde, yamiri eggooɓe ɓe ngalaa kaayitaaji immigration laaɓtuɗi yo njaltu leydi ndii, so wonaa ɗuum ɓe nanngee no sariya yamiri nii. Yamiroore ndee ko ngam jaabaade jiiɓru diineeji baɗnooɗi e nokkuuji leydi ndii e hitaande 1980 (Kano 1980 Riots) e hitaande 1981. Ko ɓuri heewde e eggooɓe ɓee ko Afriknaaɓe hirnaange, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Ganaanaaɓe. Ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi worɓe e rewɓe e sukaaɓe ngoni heen.

Teritorium Laamorde Fedde nde

Ko adii nde Shagari artata, Abuja ko leydi mboɗeeri tan, ndi alaa ƴellitaare. Shehu Shagari waɗii njuɓɓudi gadani wuro keso ngoo, gadano oo ko laawol ummoraade Suleja haa nokku ɗo laamorgo ngoo woni ɗoo. Ko heddii e golle ɗee ko kuuraa, ndiyam, e laabi.

Usmaan Dam Abuja

Baraas Usman mahaa ko e hitaande 1980, ko ngam heblude haajuuji ndiyam wuro ngo. Wuro ngoo kadi ina jokkondiri e laylaytol ngenndiwal e oon sahaa. Kadi laawol kesol ngol laana ndiwoowa waɗaama ngol jooni moƴƴinaama, ngol ɓeydaama no laamorgo hakkunde leyɗeele Nnamdi Azikiwe. Infrastructures goɗɗe ina mbaɗi 5,000 galleeji ngam gollotooɓe e fedde nde, sekretariat suudu laamu e suudu hoɗɓe hooreejo leydi (Aguda House), suudu laamu, Asamblee ngenndiijo e juulirɗe ngenndiije kadi ina mahaa, oteluuji 3 koode joy, duɗe, opitaaluuji, mahdiiji goɗɗi e won e laawol mawngol feewde e nder wuro Shagari ina ngondi e golle.

E hitaande 1983, Abuja wonti wuro gollorngo ngo batuuji diisnondiral e mawningol ngenndiwal mbaɗata toon. Nde Shagari ittaa, o woni ko e wuro ngam siwtaare. Abuja laati gila nden wuro mawngo, jooni laati laamorde lesdi Naajeeriya. Abuja siforiima no eɓɓoore wootere ɓurnde yuumtude e nder teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko architecte mawɗo biyeteeɗo Nnamdi Elleh siforii ɗum.</text>
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      <text bytes="27257" sha1="4jv87uqvqcfrqklwu936zmzhjedtgbo" xml:space="preserve">Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari GCFR (hausa pronunciation; 25 feebariyee 1925 – 28 lewru desaambar 2018) ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya mo woni hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gadano suɓaaɗo e dow demokaraasi, caggal nde hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo hokki laamu nguu e hitaande 1979.

O golliima seeɗa e jannginoowo hade makko naatde e politik e hitaande 1951 ; e o suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji hitaande 1954. E wakkatiiji feere-feere hakkunde hitaande 1958 rewrude e ndimu leydi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960 e hitaande 1975, o jogi kuugal kabine bana komisinaajo lesdi Naajeeriya. E nder ɗeen balɗe, Shagari waɗii darnde mawnde e nder fannuuji keewɗi e faggudu leydi Najeriya. Ko o jaagorgal golle, o waɗii darnde tiiɗnde e ƴellitaare gollorɗe. Ko o ministaajo ƴellitaare faggudu, o waɗii nafoore mawnde e yuɓɓinde peeje faggudu leydi Naajeeriya caggal jeytaare mum, kadi ko o Komisinaajo Fedde nde (hannde ko ministaajo) ngam kaalis, o ardiima udditgol Naira. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o ardii ƴellitaare faggudu, yaajnude gollorɗe, e ƴellitde gollorɗe, o yamiri Ajaokuta Steel Mill, eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude e nder Afrik, ngam waɗde njuɓɓudi ƴellitaare gollorɗe leydi Najeriya. Njuɓɓudi makko ina wondi e caɗeele, haa arti noon e ŋakkeende faggudu e ŋakkeende kisal politik. Laamu makko joofi ko e kuudetaa konu e hitaande 1983.

Duuɓi gadani

Shehu Usmaan Shagari jibinaa ko ñalnde 25 feebariyee 1925 to Shagari e galle fulɓe juulɓe sunnit en. Wuro Shagari sosinnoo ngo ko mawniiko biyeteeɗo Ahmadu Rufa’i. O mawni ko e galle jom rewɓe heewɓe, ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo jeegom jibinaaɗo e nder galle hee. Baaba makko biyeteeɗo Aliyu Shagari ko Magajin Shagari (magaji firti ko hooreejo wuro). Ko adii nde o wontata Magajin Shagari, Aliyu ko demoowo, njulaagu, duroowo. Kono, sabu laabi aadaaji haɗnooɗi laamɓe tawtoreede njulaagu, Aliyu woppii yoga e nafooje mum njulaagu nde o wonti Magaji. Aliyu maayi duuɓi jowi caggal jibineede Shehu, mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Bello, ƴetti mantol baaba mum e nder dumunna juutɗo, hono Magajin Shagari.

Shagari fuɗɗii jaŋde mum ko e duɗal Quraana, caggal ɗuum o yahi o hoɗi e banndiraaɓe makko to wuro saraaji mum, ɗo o naati duɗal leslesal Yabo tuggi 1931 haa 1935. E hitaande 1936–1940, o yahi Sokoto ngam janngude hakkundeere, caggal ɗuum tuggi 1941 haa 1944 o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa. Hakkunde 1944 e 1952, Shagari heɓi bak mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe, to Zaria, Kaduna, to leydi Nijeer. Tuggi 1953 haa 1958, Shagari heɓi golle jannginoowo njillu to diiwaan Sokoto. O woniino kadi tergal e Yiilirde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe gila 1954 haa 1958.

Fuɗɗoode golle politik

Naatgol e dawrugol 

Shehu Usman Shagari naati nder siyaasaaku nder hitaande 1951 nde o laati hooreejo kawtal yimɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya haa Sokoto, lesdi Naajeeriya, kuugal ngal o jogi haa hitaande 1956. Ammaa kuuɗe maako siyaasaaku arandeeji fuɗɗi nder hitaande 1945, nde o woni jannginoowo o sosi fedde sukaaɓe wiyeteende secretary i Sokoto Social be Circle. Fedde nde wonti gooto e pelle tokoose ɗe kawri ngam jeyeede e fedde yimɓe worgo (NPC), sosaande e hitaande 1948.

E hitaande 1948, nde Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe mo NCNC woni e njillu mum e nder leydi Najeriya ngam dañde kaalis ngam neldude delegaasiyoŋ to Londres ngam ɗaɓɓude e Ofis Koloñaal yo woppu doosɗe leydi Richard nde tawnoo ko nde demokaraasi, Shehu Shagari mo nganndu-ɗaa ko jannguɗo no feewi deftere Pilot Afrik-Hirnaange ko kanko tan woni gorko gooto to Sokoto meeting e ooɗoo iwdi Sokoto. Nde ofisee jaŋde diiwaan Angalteer humpitaa wonde Shagari arii, ɓeydagol njoɓdi makko joɗɗinaama e oon hitaande ngam waɗde ɗum ñaawoore.

Pilot Afrik worgo oo haɗaama e nder duɗe diiwaan worgo oo, Shagari winndi ɗum winndannde ngam umminde ɗum e hitaande 1948. E oon sahaa gooto, Shagari fuɗɗinooma daranaade yaltugol laamu koloñaal nde o yaltini deftere Hausa ina joginoo jimɗi ɗe o inniri &quot;Anti Colonialist in&quot;. E hitaande 1950, Shagari, suka jannginoowo jahroowo e duuɓi 25, suɓaama e gardagol ofisee diiwaan Angalteer biyeteeɗo H.A.S Johnson ngam tawtoreede batu Ibadan ngam yeewtidde e doosgal leydi Richards.

Suɓngo parlemaa

E hitaande 1954, Shehu Shagari suɓaama e nder laamu mum gadano, o woni tergal suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde ngam Sokoto bannge worgo. E hitaande 1958, Shagari toɗɗaa koolaaɗo kuuɓal parlemaa (o woppi golle ɗee ko e hitaande 1959) to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer, hono Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, e ndeen hitaande kadi o woni jaagorde fedde nde to bannge njulaagu e gollorɗe.

Toɗɗagol jaagorɗe

Tuggi 1959 haa 1960, Shagari woni jaagorɗo fedde nde ngam ɓamtaare faggudu leydi Naajeeriya jeytaare, ɗo jaagorgal makko woni e ƴettude peeje ƴellitaare 1962–1968. Ko ministeer ƴellitaare faggudu Shagari halfinaa kadi sosde Goomu ƴellitaare Niiseer-Delta. Tuggi 1960 haa 1962, o woni jaagorde pension lesdi ndi'i, nden o hoosi kuugal Najeeriyanisaasiyoŋ kuugal laamu. Tuggi 1962 haa 1965, Shagari waɗtaa jaagorgal nder leydi fedde nde. Gila 1965 haa kuudetaa militeer gadano e lewru Yarkomaa 1966, Shagari wonnoo ko jaagorgal fedde ndee e golle, o waɗii eɓɓooji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi, ina jeyaa heen Pont Eko Lagos, ko ɗum woni kontaraaji mawɗi gadani ɗi fedde mahdi Almaañnaajo Julius Berger to Nijeer, e timminde Pont Niger mo Minister96 Prime6r yamiri e hitaande 1966 Baleewa. E hitaande 1967, o toɗɗaa sekreteruuji ngam ƴellitde jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto. Tuggi 1968 haa 1969, Shagari hokkaama darnde dowla nder diiwal Fuunaange-rewo, o woni Komiseriyaa dowlaaji.

Shagari (hakkunde) e hooreejo leydi Tafawa Balewa mo keɓata defte keewɗe ummoraade e annduɗo ko faati e neɗɗaagu Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Melville J. Herskovits to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hirnaange-rewo e hitaande 1961

Ko o tergal Parlemaa e jaagorgal fedde nde, Shagari ardiima, o jeyaa ko e misiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya caggal leydi. Ko o jaagorgal ƴellitaare faggudu, o woniino tergal e delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to batu Tangiers to Komisiyoŋ Faggudu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Afrik (ECA), tawi ko jaagorgal kaalis mawɗo Festus Okotie Eboh ardii ɗum. E hitaande 1961, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo, mawninde duuɓi sappo jeytaare leydi Libi. E hitaande ndee tan, o woniino e batu jaagorɗe GATT to Geneve, ɗo o ƴetti haala Fedde Faggudu Orop (ECC) ngam ƴellitde leyɗeele Afrik hono Nijeer ɗe ngonaano e oon sahaa, jokkondirɗe e EEC. E ndeen hitaande kadi, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ to batu parlemaa Commonwealth (CPA) to Londres. O woni hooreejo batu CPA garoowo yuɓɓinaangu to Lagos hakkunde oktoobar e noowammbar 1962.

E hitaande 1962, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo e batu ECA to Addis Abeba haa batu tataɓo komisiyoŋ oo, ko adii fof ko Nijeer tawtoraama e nder tergal timmungal ɗo o wiyi e semmbe ngam ƴellitde cogguuli geɗe nguura. E hitaande 1963, Shagari woni nulaaɗo leydi Najeriya e batu CPA to Kuala Lumpur. Ndeen e lewru desaambar 1965, nde Ian Smith waɗi bayyinaango jeytaare leydi ngootiri, Shehu Shagari tawtoraama batu CPA to Wellington, Nuwel Selannde ɗo o ñiŋi, o waɗi heen bayyinaango laaɓtungo e bayyinaango Ian Smith ngoo. E nder batu gooto. Shagari hollitii kadi mettere mum e Rodesi hannde Zimbaabwee, ɗo o ñiŋi politik koloñaal Angalteer e no o jogori jogaade ngonka Rodesi. Haala Shehu Shagari e nder batu CPA ina maantiniri no feewi, ina yaaji no feewi, haa o dañii njettoor keewɗo e juuɗe nulaaɓe woɗɓe. Shehu Shagari waɗii batte mawɗe e politik e laamu mum.

O waɗii kadi tiitoonde e nder jaaynde wiyeteende Christchurch Star to leydi Nuwel Selannde ñalnde 4 desaambar 1965, e jaaynde wiyeteende The Morning Post to Wellington.

Shagari (rowre caggal to bannge ñaamo) to galle laamorɗo Amerik e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Abubakar Tafawa Balewa e hooreejo leydi Amerik John F. Kennedy (1961)

O ardiima kadi delegaasiyoŋ to joɗnde adannde Goomu renndo faggudu faggudu Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OUA). Shagari kadi woniino wakilto gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii e sahaaji ceertuɗi, haa arti noon e nde hooreejo leydi Ejipt, hono Gamal Abdel Nasser, noddi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Najeriya, hono Abubakar, ngam ƴeewtaade peeje kisal leydi Ejipt. O lomtiima kadi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Tafawa Balewa e wirwirnde Winston Churchill.

Ko adii hooreejo leydi

Falnde Republique gadano

Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer 1966 e kuudetaa Nijeer 1966

Caggal kuudetaa leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1966, Shagari ina jeyaa e ardiiɓe laamu nguu, ɓe ndokki laamu nguu e juuɗe ardorde konu leydi ndii, hono Maj. Gen. Aguiyi Ironsi. O arti Sokoto ngam ɓamtude jaŋde. O wonii gardiiɗo fedde ƴellitaare jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto e hitaande 1967, ɗo o mahi duɗe diiwaan keewɗe. Caggal mum o toɗɗaama Komiseer Sosiyetee e Heblo kadi o golliima seeɗa e Komiseer Jaŋde e nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Fuɗnaange-rewo ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, hade makko noddaade ngam golloraade e les laamu konu fedde nde, hono Gen. Yakubu Gowon.

Jaagorgal caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele

Caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, tuggi 1970 haa 1971, Shagari toɗɗaama e juuɗe hooreejo konu leydi ndii, Seneraal Yakubu Gowon, ngam wonde komisinaajo fedde nde ngam ƴellitaare faggudu, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol golle ngam waɗde politik nanondiral laamu Gowon. Shagari fuɗɗii mahde e moƴƴitinde duɗe, opitaaluuji, e gollorɗe goɗɗe to Fuɗnaange-rewo. O ƴetti kadi golle ngam waawde wallude yimɓe Fuɗnaange-rewo ngam ɓe ngarta e golle laamu nde o woni e yeewtidde e makko ngam yoɓde kasoo politik Biafran caggal nde ɓataake mo Pius Okigbo winndi mo, o soodaa e makko e nder kasooji Enugu.

Tuggi 1971 haa 1975 o wonii komisariyaajo fedde (darnde wiyeteende hannde ministeer) to bannge kaalis. Wakkati o laati komisinaajo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya, Shagari laati kadi guwerneer Banki Duniyaaru, nden o ɗonno nder goomu ceede lesdi Naajeeriya (FMI) mo yimɓe cappanɗe ɗiɗi. Shagari bana jaagorɗo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya kadi o ɗon mari ceede lesdi Naajeeriya naira. E hitaande 1976, Shagari fuɗɗii fedde wiyeteende Nigeria Trust Fund to Banke Afrik ngam ƴellitaare, tawi ko 100 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam wallitde leyɗeele Afrik miskineeɓe ngam wallitde yoga e eɓɓooji mum en ƴellitaare.

Ko o jaagorgal e les njiimaandi Gowon, Shagari ƴetti kadi golle jam ngam haɓaade Julius Nyerere mo Tansani e Idi Amin mo Uganndaa ngam haɗde wolde Uganndaa e Tansani e ittude konu mum en e keeri (SUDA), e nder ɗuum o fuɗɗii mahde Luumo Sokoto Modern. E nder mbayliigu laamuuji nokkuuji e les njiimaandi laamu ngu Obasanjo ardii. Shagari suɓaama ngam wonde jaagorgal laamu nokku Yabo e hitaande 1976.

Suɓngo hooreejo leydi

Winndannde mawnde: Republique Nijeer ɗiɗaɓere

Caggal ɗuum, o golliima e batu doosɗe leydi 1977–1978, ƴettuɗo doosɗe leydi 1979. E hitaande 1978, Shehu Shagari wonnoo ko tergal sosngal lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer. E hitaande 1979 Shagari suɓaama e lannda kaa ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e wooteeji gardagol leydi e ndeen hitaande, ɗi o heɓi e wooteeji 1979 e ballal gardiiɗo kampaañ makko, hono Umaru Dikko. Kampaañ oo ina joginoo ballal politikaaji keewɗi mawɗi to Fuɗnaange e nder leƴƴi pamari to bannge worgo. Motto lanyol ngol woni &quot;Leñol gootel, Daarol Gootel&quot; ngol yi'aama bana lanyol ɓurngol wallugo ɗuuɗal lesdi Naajeeriya.

Hooreejo leydi

Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya

Faggudu

E nder boom petroŋ, Shagari waɗi ndema, njulaagu, galleeji e yah-ngartaa ko paandaale faggudu mawɗe njuɓɓudi laamu mum.

Ndemri

Laamu Shagari fuɗɗii &quot;Revolution verte&quot;, renndinde aawdi e ñamri e remooɓe ngam ɓeydude ngalu leydi ndii fof e nder ndema, E nder ndema. Faandaare ndee wonnoo ko ƴellitde kuutoragol masiŋaaji mekanik e nder ndema. Ndee eɓɓaande ina weltini remooɓe mawɓe ngam waawde feewnude geɗe keewɗe. O yamiri kadi baraas Bakalori e nder diiwaan Sokoto, e diiwaan Caad fombina, e diiwaan Borno, baraas Kafin Zaki e nder diiwaan Bauchi, baraas maayo Ogun, e diiwaan Ogun, baraas Dadin Kowa e nder diiwaan Bauchi, baraas Goronyo e nder diiwaan Sokoto, e baraas Zobe, e nder diiwaan Kastina.

Kuugal

Miijo njamndi Ajaokuta

E hitaande 1980, e ngalu petroŋ, Shagari joofni mahngo refineeri Kaduna, fuɗɗii golle e ndeen hitaande. Kadi e ngalu petroŋ, Shagari fuɗɗii mahngo Ajaokuta Steel Mill mo fotnoo timmude e hitaande 1983. Ko eɓɓaande ɓurnde mawnude e eɓɓaande steel nde meeɗaa fuɗɗaade e Afrik e sahaa mahngo mum. Koolol njamndi ngol noddiraa ko &quot;kaaƴe gonɗe e njulaagu leydi Najeriya&quot;.

Shagari timmini kuugal njamndi Delta nder hitaande 1982. Haa hitaande 1983, Shagari sosi sosiyetee limngal aluminium lesdi Naajeeriya haa Ikot Abasi. Mills Rolling Steel tati goɗɗi ɗo mahaa, ina jeyaa heen ɗi Osogbo, Katsina e Jos. Kono Shagari ustii geɗal royalties petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi gila e 30 haa 2 e nder teemedere. Shagari sosi kadi Duɗal janngingol petroŋ.

Wonno kadi ko gollorɗe otooji ko wayi no ANAMMCO to Anambra ɗe ndarnaa e hitaande 1980, gollorɗe mooɓondiral Volkswagen to diiwaan Oyo, otooji Peugeot to diiwaan Kaduna, FIAT to diiwaan Kano e Styer to diiwaan Bauchi.

Koɗki

To bannge galleeji, Shagari ina joginoo faandaare mahde 200 000 galle, kono haa lewru suwee 1983, ko ujunnaaje capanɗe tati (32 000) galle tan njoofi. Fuu e ŋakkeende mum, ko ɗum eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude nde Naajeeriya meeɗi yiyde e nder galleeji laamu.

Hortol

Laana ndiwoowa Nigeria (jooni ɗon mari duuɓi) yi'i duuɓi maako kaŋŋe wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓre les lesdi Shehu Shagari

E nder yah-ngartaa, o udditi laawol ɗuuɗngol nder lesdi ndi'i hawtaade e ngol yahdugo haa laamorde lesdi ndi'i, Abuja. Laabi goɗɗi teskinɗi peewnaaɗi ko wayi no : Badagry-Sokoto, Lagos-Kano, Port Harcourt-Enugu, Kano-Bauchi, Warri-Okene, Abuja-Kaduna, Calabar-Ikom, Yola-Maiduguri, Mokwa-Jidda, Abuja-Keffi, Effurun-Katsibia-Patanii e Effurun-Katsibia-Patanii Potiskum-Mayduguri.

Shagari kadi mahii e moƴƴinii won e portooji maayo ina jeyaa heen Porto Sapele e fuɗɗoraade Port Harcourt Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Portooji nder leydi kadi mahaa e jamaanu kadi porto maayo keso yamiraama to Onitsha e porto maayo goɗɗo jamaanu ngam golloraade Ajaokuta Steel Mill.

To bannge diwooje, Shagari sosi ministeer diwooje, mahii diwooje tati to Minna, Bauchi e Akure. Piirooji kesi kadi keɓaama ngam Naajeeriya Airways ina heen laanaaji diwooje Boeing 737s 8 e laanaaji diwooje 4 Airbus A310s ɗi Naajeeriya ɓuri jogaade laylaytol diwooje ɓurngol mawnude e nder Afrik.

Kaalis

Doggol coggu petrol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1981, toɗɗii kaalis laamu leydi Najeriya. Shagari « salii jaɓɓaade » njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi ummoraade e FMI e Banke Adunaajo nde kiris oo yahrata yeeso, o fuɗɗii kadi Porogaraam ngam dartinde faggudu ngam wallitde reende leydi ndii e jippagol tiiɗngol gila e tolnooji toowɗi gadani ɗii e kitaale 1970 e ƴellitde faggudu nduu feewde e ɓeydagol moƴƴol. Faandaare mawnde eɓɓaande ndee ko ustude lisaasuuji naatgol, ustude njoɓdi laamu, e ɓeydude njoɓɗeele doosɗe. Kono njeñtudi porogaraam dartingol ngol ina famɗi.

Korsa e Tiɗnaare Haɓaade Korsa

Hay so tawii Shehu Shagari woppitaama e hoore mum e golle bonɗe, Republique ɗiɗmo oo ina wondi e tuumeede fenaande, haa arti noon e tuumeede fenaande woote e wooteeji 1983. Ɗumɗoon noon, yantude e ustaare coggu petroŋ winndere ndee, e bonnugol kaalis ngenndi, caɗeele, addani laamu nguu waasde yiɗde ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii no feewi.

Kono hade makko ittude e laamu, e manndaa makko ɗiɗmo, Shagari waɗii eɓɓooje ngam haɓaade fenaande rewrude e ministeer keso toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njuɓɓudi ngenndiwal e gardagol Yusuf Maitama Sule, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko ɗuum tan sosaa. Taskaram kesum fuɗɗaama wi'eteeɗum Ethical Revolution ko mari hare mawnde ngam haɓugo bee ɓilla lesdi Gen. Muhammadu Buhari nder Eɓɓooje maako. Jaagorgal ngal duumiima tan ko lebbi tati hade kuudetaa 1983. E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo juutɗo, Shagari joginoo tan ko 7 e nder 45 jaagorɗe laamu ɓennungu nguu ngam hollirde darnde mum e haɓaade fenaande. Kono ɗuum jaɓaani junngo militeer en ƴettuɗo laamu nguu.

E nder laamu

E duuɓi tokoosi.

Laamu Shagari waɗii nafooje keewɗe e jaŋde. E nder manndaa makko duuɓi nay, ɓeydagol mawngol waɗii e duɗe hakkundeeje, jannginooɓe e duɗe janngirɗe kolees ɓeydiima. E hitaande 1981 kampaañ jaŋde mawnde fuɗɗii, e hitaande 1982, jaŋde 6–3–3–5 fuɗɗii. Laamu Shagari kadi mahii duɗe janngirɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Najeriya. Jaaɓihaaɗtirdeeji kesi karallaagal ɗo sosaa e nder diiwanuuji Bauchi, Benue, Adamawa, Ondo, Imo, e Osun. Ɓe ngoni Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Karallaagal Yola; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Akure; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Owerri; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Minna; Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ndema fedde nde, Abeokuta ; e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Abuubakar taafawa balewa. Laamu Shagari kadi ƴettii koleesuuji jaŋde goɗɗi jeeɗiɗi gonɗi hannde ɗii, mbaɗti ɗum en duɗe dokkuɗe dipolomaaji to Abraka, Ondo, Kano, Ado Ekiti, Bidda, Port Harcourt, e Zaria e kadi sosde politeknikuuji goɗɗi jeetati fedde nde to Ado Ekiti, Bidda, Bauchi, Idah, Uwana e Yofiklapo). Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Federal Open of Nigeria kadi sosaa ko e sahaa nde laamu Shagari joofi e hitaande 1981. Kadi ina rokka bursiiji ngam janngooɓe caggal leydi.

E nder kampaañ makko, Shagari suɓii debbo gooto ummoriiɗo to diiwaan Imo ngam wonde kanndidaa makko, ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi makko. Ammaa o sali ɓaawo o jaɓi ko adii, ngam soynde ballal hukuumaaji lesdi Naajeeriya haa Fombina-Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya to tikket cukko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya zoned to, ɗum woni ko ɓuri ɓadaaki rewɓe Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɗum fof e wayde noon, jaagorɗe e dipolomaat en rewɓe adanɓe e nder leydi Najeriya ko Shagari toɗɗii ɗum en. O toɗɗii Ebun Oyagbola yo won jaagorgal ko feewti e peewnugol leydi, caggal ɗuum o wonti ammbasadeer to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik to Panama, Kosta Rika e Guatemala e Mrs Janet Akinrinade yo won jaagorgal nder leydi e jaagorɗe ɗiɗi goɗɗe rewɓe Mrs Asinobi e Mrs Ivasi. Ko noon kadi, Mrs Elizabeth Ogbon toɗɗaama konsul mawɗo to Hamburg Almaañ, Mrs R Mohammed woni ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to Bostwana e Zimbaabwee. Nde tawnoo sukaaɓe heewɓe ina njokkondiri e laamu Shagari e jaagorɗe e wasiyaaji. Ina jeyaa e ɓurɓe anndeede ɓee, Prof. Pat Utomi, mo duuɓi 29 nde o toɗɗaa jaagorgal faggudu. Jaagorɗe toɗɗaaɗe e nder duuɓi mum en njahrata ko e duuɓi 30 ko Audu Innocent Ogbeh (32) e Bello Maitama Yusuf (34). Heewɓe e jaagorɗe kabine ɗee ina njogii duuɓi 50 les.

Geɗe ngenndiije

NNS AARADU

Ƴellitaare konu

Laamu Shagari nguu duuɓi gooti yi’i ɓeydagol jaawngol e mbaawkaaji konu leydi Naajeeriya. Naajeeriya heɓi ko ɓuri heewde e kaɓirɗe mum softuɗe e ooɗoo sahaa haa e ƴellitgol e keɓgol ko ɓooyaani koo. Sodeede konu e les njiimaandi Shagari ina heddii e ɓurde toowde e nder daartol leydi Najeriya. Ina jeyaa heen laanaaji diwooje alfa, laanaaji diwooje MIG, laanaaji diwooje 3 C-130H-30 Hercules, laanaaji diwooje elikopteeruuji e ko nanndi heen. NNS Aradu (F89) woni laanawol ɓurngol softugo nder konu ndiyam Naajeeriya heɓaama wakkati maako.

Maitatsine e Kano 1980 fitina

Binndanɗe mawɗe : Maitatsine e fitina Kano 1980

Fitinaaji Kano 1980 ko fitinaaji to Kano, leydi Nijeer, tawi ko Maitatsine, waajotooɗo seernaaɓe, e wondiiɓe mum ardii ɗum. Ko ngol woni go’o ko hare mawnde diine e nder Kano caggal koloñaal. Ko ina ɓura 4 177 siwil, 100 polis e fotde 35 militeer mbaraama, tawi heen Maitatsine e hoore mum, ina heewi siforeede ko fuɗɗoode Yan Tatsine. Sabu ɗuum, won miijo yaajngo wonde kisal e faggudu leydi Najeriya ina hulɓinii e juuɗe yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leyɗeele goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje, kadi ngool miijo ina ɓeydoo tiiɗde sabu yimɓe woɗɓe Afrik hirnaange mballitii e njulaagu nguu. Jaagorgal ko feewti e leydi Niger, Caad, Kamerun, Mali e Burkina Faso wondude e ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 juulɓe Naajeeriya mbaraama ko ina tolnoo e 100 poliseeɓe, ɓe ngañii heen 100 poliseeɓe. Konu nodditaa, ustii ngonka ka hade fanatik en ɓee ƴattaade leydi ndii. Kono tan, lowre laamu hollitii wonde ko alɗuɓe ɓe ngonaa laamuyankooɓe ngaddi caɗeele ɗee.

Riiwtude eggooɓe

Winndannde mawnde: Riiwtude yimɓe Afrik hirnaange ummoriiɓe leydi Nijeer

E hitaande 1983, Shagari yaltini yamiroore kuuɓtodinnde, yamiri eggooɓe ɓe ngalaa kaayitaaji immigration laaɓtuɗi yo njaltu leydi ndii, so wonaa ɗuum ɓe nanngee no sariya yamiri nii. Yamiroore ndee ko ngam jaabaade jiiɓru diineeji baɗnooɗi e nokkuuji leydi ndii e hitaande 1980 (Kano 1980 Riots) e hitaande 1981. Ko ɓuri heewde e eggooɓe ɓee ko Afriknaaɓe hirnaange, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Ganaanaaɓe. Ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi worɓe e rewɓe e sukaaɓe ngoni heen.

Teritorium Laamorde Fedde nde

Ko adii nde Shagari artata, Abuja ko leydi mboɗeeri tan, ndi alaa ƴellitaare. Shehu Shagari waɗii njuɓɓudi gadani wuro keso ngoo, gadano oo ko laawol ummoraade Suleja haa nokku ɗo laamorgo ngoo woni ɗoo. Ko heddii e golle ɗee ko kuuraa, ndiyam, e laabi.

Usmaan Dam Abuja

Baraas Usman mahaa ko e hitaande 1980, ko ngam heblude haajuuji ndiyam wuro ngo. Wuro ngoo kadi ina jokkondiri e laylaytol ngenndiwal e oon sahaa. Kadi laawol kesol ngol laana ndiwoowa waɗaama ngol jooni moƴƴinaama, ngol ɓeydaama no laamorgo hakkunde leyɗeele Nnamdi Azikiwe. Infrastructures goɗɗe ina mbaɗi 5,000 galleeji ngam gollotooɓe e fedde nde, sekretariat suudu laamu e suudu hoɗɓe hooreejo leydi (Aguda House), suudu laamu, Asamblee ngenndiijo e juulirɗe ngenndiije kadi ina mahaa, oteluuji 3 koode joy, duɗe, opitaaluuji, mahdiiji goɗɗi e won e laawol mawngol feewde e nder wuro Shagari ina ngondi e golle.

E hitaande 1983, Abuja wonti wuro gollorngo ngo batuuji diisnondiral e mawningol ngenndiwal mbaɗata toon. Nde Shagari ittaa, o woni ko e wuro ngam siwtaare. Abuja laati gila nden wuro mawngo, jooni laati laamorde lesdi Naajeeriya. Abuja siforiima no eɓɓoore wootere ɓurnde yuumtude e nder teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko architecte mawɗo biyeteeɗo Nnamdi Elleh siforii ɗum.

Geɗe caggal leydi

Hooreejo leydi Shagari e wonndude e hooreejo leydi Jimmy Carter e Cicely Tyson to galle daneejo

Hooreejo leydi Shagari jokki politik leydi Naajeeriya gila 1960, tawi ko Afrik woni ko e dow mum. Kanko Shagari o wonaa keso e jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ngam o ardii delegaasiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya gila nde o heɓi ndimaagu makko. Hooreejo leydi makko ina daraninoo e waɗde golle tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Afrik worgo e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Sammbi e Zimbaabwee. Hare ndimaagu ko golle ɗe hooreejo leydi Shagari foti waɗde. O waɗii laabi keewɗi darnde makko e kala nokku ɗo o woni ɗoo, haa arti noon e njilluuji makko to leydi Angalteer e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Jimmy Carter, jaarnoo mo e jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee. Koolol hakkunde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Shagari e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Margaret Thatcher ina hollita wonde o waɗii tiiɗnaare mawnde e Angalteer ko fayti e jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee haa arti noon e risk jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee.

Shagari ina salminaa e Seneraal Archer Durham to nokku ɗo konu Andrews woni ɗoo, nde o ari e njillu.

Joɗnde Fuɗnaange-Fuɗnaange to Cancun, Oktoobar 1981

E hitaande 1980, e nder mawningol jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee, hooreejo leydi ndii hono Shagari fodaniino 15 miliyoŋ dolaar e nder mawningol ngol ngam jannginde Zimbaabwee en wonɓe to Zimbaabwee e wonɓe e leyɗeele goɗɗe to leydi Nijeer. Laamu Mugaabe huutoriima feccere e ngalu nguu ngam soodde sosiyateeji jaayɗe jeyaaɗi e Afrik worgonaaɓe, ɗum ɓeydi doole laamu nguu e jaayɗe. Heddii ko e jannginde almudɓe e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya, gollotooɓe e laamu to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde (College des staffs) Naajeeriya to Badagry, e sooje en to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Kaduna. E darorɗe hitaande ndee, Mugabe yamiri ciimtol BBC ko faati e ndimaagu jaayɗe to Zimbaabwee. BBC yaltinii ciimtol mum ñalnde 26 lewru nduu, ina wasiyoo yo fedde jaayndeyaagal Zimbaabwee ndee waɗtu jeytaare mum e nafooje politik.

Shagari kadi waɗii eɓɓooje ngam sosde jokkondiral hakkunde Naajeeriya e Afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe e nder njilluuji mum to Amerik. To Harlem ɗo o adii yillaade e jaɓɓaade ñalngu ardiiɓe ɓaleeɓe, o noddii wonde ina haani jokkondiral faggudu e afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe. Kono caggal wooteeji mawɗi Amerik e hitaande 1980 ɗi ngaddi hooreejo leydi ndi hono Ronald Reagan, jokkondiral hakkunde Nijeer e Amerik heɓiino ŋakkere haa teeŋti noon e sahaa nde Nijeer salii jeyeede e Olimpiyaaji 1980 ɗi Nijeer salii jeyeede heen. Hooreejo leydi Shagari ɗon semmbiɗina dow jogaago siyaasaaku Naajeeriya dow ko laarani limngal lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nasti nder fijirde Olympic lesdi Russiya koo ngam hukuumaaji pamari Carter neldi boxer mawɗo Mohammed Ali haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Shagari salii yiyde Mohammed Ali e nder njillu mum lobbo.

Naajeeriya ina joginoo luural keeri hakkunde mum e leydi Caad e leydi Kameruun, ɗum noon ko ɗum fotnoo arde e ngonka wolde kono Shagari reentini ɗum e hakkille. Laamu Shagari ko balloowo mawɗo CEDEAO, rokki ɗum nokku ngam mahde galle laamorɗo mum to Abuja. Kono hay so laamu Shagari waɗii jam e hoɗdiiɓe mum, ngu riiwti yimɓe ɓe ngalaa kaayitaaji, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Ganaa en e hitaande 1983. Hay so tawii ko Naajeeriyankooɓe njiɗi ɗum, golle ɗee ina keewi ñiŋeede e nder miijooji. Nde anndiraa ko Ghana Must Go, woni riiwtude yimɓe Afrik hirnaange ummoriiɓe leydi Najeriya.

Gagga Republique ɗiɗaɓere

Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1983 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1983–1985)

Shagari dañii manndaa ɗiɗaɓo duuɓi nay e hitaande 1983, o dañii nafoore e wooteeji mawɗi hade makko foolde laamu, o nanngaa e juuɗe Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari e nder kuudetaa konu ñalnde 31 lewru Duujal hitaande 1983.

Nguurndam neɗɗo

Wade

Ñalnde 28 lewru Duujal hitaande 2018, hedde waktu 18ɓo e feccere kikiiɗe, Shehu Shagari maayi ko e rafi seeɗa to opitaal ngenndiwal, Abuja, ɗo o naati e safaara hade makko maayde. Ko taaniiko Bello Bala Shagari e guwerneer Tambuwal tabitini ɗum e nder tweets nannduɗi e mum e sahaa maayde makko.

Dewgal

Shehu Shagari resi rewɓe tato: Amina, Aisha, e Hadiza Shagari. Omo jibini ɓiɓɓe heewɓe, ina heen Muhammadu Bala Shagari e Aminu Shehu Shagari. Ñalnde 24 ut 2001, Aisha sankii to opitaal Londres caggal rafi seeɗa. O mari duuɓi 49.Hadiza maayi bee duuɓi 80 ngam nyawu COVID-19 haa Abuja nyande 12 lewru Ogost 2021.

Defte

Noddaama ngam golloraade (Taariindi nguurndam)

Caɗeele waylo-waylo (Koolol konnguɗi)

Wakar nijeriya ko jimɗi leydi nijeriya (yimre)

Usmaan Dan Fodio: Teori e gollal ardorde makko

Yiide am ngam Naajeeriya

Ƴeew kadi

portal Nijeer bannge

Kabinee Shehu Shagari

Doggol hooreeɓe leydi Naajeeriya

Sokotoo

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Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari GCFR (hausa pronunciation; 25 feebariyee 1925 – 28 lewru desaambar 2018) ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya mo woni hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gadano suɓaaɗo e dow demokaraasi, caggal nde hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo hokki laamu nguu e hitaande 1979.

O golliima seeɗa e jannginoowo hade makko naatde e politik e hitaande 1951 ; e o suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji hitaande 1954. E wakkatiiji feere-feere hakkunde hitaande 1958 rewrude e ndimu leydi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960 e hitaande 1975, o jogi kuugal kabine bana komisinaajo lesdi Naajeeriya. E nder ɗeen balɗe, Shagari waɗii darnde mawnde e nder fannuuji keewɗi e faggudu leydi Najeriya. Ko o jaagorgal golle, o waɗii darnde tiiɗnde e ƴellitaare gollorɗe. Ko o ministaajo ƴellitaare faggudu, o waɗii nafoore mawnde e yuɓɓinde peeje faggudu leydi Naajeeriya caggal jeytaare mum, kadi ko o Komisinaajo Fedde nde (hannde ko ministaajo) ngam kaalis, o ardiima udditgol Naira. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o ardii ƴellitaare faggudu, yaajnude gollorɗe, e ƴellitde gollorɗe, o yamiri Ajaokuta Steel Mill, eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude e nder Afrik, ngam waɗde njuɓɓudi ƴellitaare gollorɗe leydi Najeriya. Njuɓɓudi makko ina wondi e caɗeele, haa arti noon e ŋakkeende faggudu e ŋakkeende kisal politik. Laamu makko joofi ko e kuudetaa konu e hitaande 1983.

Duuɓi gadani

Shehu Usmaan Shagari jibinaa ko ñalnde 25 feebariyee 1925 to Shagari e galle fulɓe juulɓe sunnit en. Wuro Shagari sosinnoo ngo ko mawniiko biyeteeɗo Ahmadu Rufa’i. O mawni ko e galle jom rewɓe heewɓe, ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo jeegom jibinaaɗo e nder galle hee. Baaba makko biyeteeɗo Aliyu Shagari ko Magajin Shagari (magaji firti ko hooreejo wuro). Ko adii nde o wontata Magajin Shagari, Aliyu ko demoowo, njulaagu, duroowo. Kono, sabu laabi aadaaji haɗnooɗi laamɓe tawtoreede njulaagu, Aliyu woppii yoga e nafooje mum njulaagu nde o wonti Magaji. Aliyu maayi duuɓi jowi caggal jibineede Shehu, mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Bello, ƴetti mantol baaba mum e nder dumunna juutɗo, hono Magajin Shagari.

Shagari fuɗɗii jaŋde mum ko e duɗal Quraana, caggal ɗuum o yahi o hoɗi e banndiraaɓe makko to wuro saraaji mum, ɗo o naati duɗal leslesal Yabo tuggi 1931 haa 1935. E hitaande 1936–1940, o yahi Sokoto ngam janngude hakkundeere, caggal ɗuum tuggi 1941 haa 1944 o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa. Hakkunde 1944 e 1952, Shagari heɓi bak mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe, to Zaria, Kaduna, to leydi Nijeer. Tuggi 1953 haa 1958, Shagari heɓi golle jannginoowo njillu to diiwaan Sokoto. O woniino kadi tergal e Yiilirde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe gila 1954 haa 1958.

Fuɗɗoode golle politik

Naatgol e dawrugol 

Shehu Usman Shagari naati nder siyaasaaku nder hitaande 1951 nde o laati hooreejo kawtal yimɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya haa Sokoto, lesdi Naajeeriya, kuugal ngal o jogi haa hitaande 1956. Ammaa kuuɗe maako siyaasaaku arandeeji fuɗɗi nder hitaande 1945, nde o woni jannginoowo o sosi fedde sukaaɓe wiyeteende secretary i Sokoto Social be Circle. Fedde nde wonti gooto e pelle tokoose ɗe kawri ngam jeyeede e fedde yimɓe worgo (NPC), sosaande e hitaande 1948.

E hitaande 1948, nde Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe mo NCNC woni e njillu mum e nder leydi Najeriya ngam dañde kaalis ngam neldude delegaasiyoŋ to Londres ngam ɗaɓɓude e Ofis Koloñaal yo woppu doosɗe leydi Richard nde tawnoo ko nde demokaraasi, Shehu Shagari mo nganndu-ɗaa ko jannguɗo no feewi deftere Pilot Afrik-Hirnaange ko kanko tan woni gorko gooto to Sokoto meeting e ooɗoo iwdi Sokoto. Nde ofisee jaŋde diiwaan Angalteer humpitaa wonde Shagari arii, ɓeydagol njoɓdi makko joɗɗinaama e oon hitaande ngam waɗde ɗum ñaawoore.

Pilot Afrik worgo oo haɗaama e nder duɗe diiwaan worgo oo, Shagari winndi ɗum winndannde ngam umminde ɗum e hitaande 1948. E oon sahaa gooto, Shagari fuɗɗinooma daranaade yaltugol laamu koloñaal nde o yaltini deftere Hausa ina joginoo jimɗi ɗe o inniri &quot;Anti Colonialist in&quot;. E hitaande 1950, Shagari, suka jannginoowo jahroowo e duuɓi 25, suɓaama e gardagol ofisee diiwaan Angalteer biyeteeɗo H.A.S Johnson ngam tawtoreede batu Ibadan ngam yeewtidde e doosgal leydi Richards.

Suɓngo parlemaa

E hitaande 1954, Shehu Shagari suɓaama e nder laamu mum gadano, o woni tergal suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde ngam Sokoto bannge worgo. E hitaande 1958, Shagari toɗɗaa koolaaɗo kuuɓal parlemaa (o woppi golle ɗee ko e hitaande 1959) to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer, hono Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, e ndeen hitaande kadi o woni jaagorde fedde nde to bannge njulaagu e gollorɗe.

Toɗɗagol jaagorɗe

Tuggi 1959 haa 1960, Shagari woni jaagorɗo fedde nde ngam ɓamtaare faggudu leydi Naajeeriya jeytaare, ɗo jaagorgal makko woni e ƴettude peeje ƴellitaare 1962–1968. Ko ministeer ƴellitaare faggudu Shagari halfinaa kadi sosde Goomu ƴellitaare Niiseer-Delta. Tuggi 1960 haa 1962, o woni jaagorde pension lesdi ndi'i, nden o hoosi kuugal Najeeriyanisaasiyoŋ kuugal laamu. Tuggi 1962 haa 1965, Shagari waɗtaa jaagorgal nder leydi fedde nde. Gila 1965 haa kuudetaa militeer gadano e lewru Yarkomaa 1966, Shagari wonnoo ko jaagorgal fedde ndee e golle, o waɗii eɓɓooji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi, ina jeyaa heen Pont Eko Lagos, ko ɗum woni kontaraaji mawɗi gadani ɗi fedde mahdi Almaañnaajo Julius Berger to Nijeer, e timminde Pont Niger mo Minister96 Prime6r yamiri e hitaande 1966 Baleewa. E hitaande 1967, o toɗɗaa sekreteruuji ngam ƴellitde jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto. Tuggi 1968 haa 1969, Shagari hokkaama darnde dowla nder diiwal Fuunaange-rewo, o woni Komiseriyaa dowlaaji.

Shagari (hakkunde) e hooreejo leydi Tafawa Balewa mo keɓata defte keewɗe ummoraade e annduɗo ko faati e neɗɗaagu Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Melville J. Herskovits to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hirnaange-rewo e hitaande 1961

Ko o tergal Parlemaa e jaagorgal fedde nde, Shagari ardiima, o jeyaa ko e misiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya caggal leydi. Ko o jaagorgal ƴellitaare faggudu, o woniino tergal e delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to batu Tangiers to Komisiyoŋ Faggudu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Afrik (ECA), tawi ko jaagorgal kaalis mawɗo Festus Okotie Eboh ardii ɗum. E hitaande 1961, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo, mawninde duuɓi sappo jeytaare leydi Libi. E hitaande ndee tan, o woniino e batu jaagorɗe GATT to Geneve, ɗo o ƴetti haala Fedde Faggudu Orop (ECC) ngam ƴellitde leyɗeele Afrik hono Nijeer ɗe ngonaano e oon sahaa, jokkondirɗe e EEC. E ndeen hitaande kadi, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ to batu parlemaa Commonwealth (CPA) to Londres. O woni hooreejo batu CPA garoowo yuɓɓinaangu to Lagos hakkunde oktoobar e noowammbar 1962.

E hitaande 1962, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo e batu ECA to Addis Abeba haa batu tataɓo komisiyoŋ oo, ko adii fof ko Nijeer tawtoraama e nder tergal timmungal ɗo o wiyi e semmbe ngam ƴellitde cogguuli geɗe nguura. E hitaande 1963, Shagari woni nulaaɗo leydi Najeriya e batu CPA to Kuala Lumpur. Ndeen e lewru desaambar 1965, nde Ian Smith waɗi bayyinaango jeytaare leydi ngootiri, Shehu Shagari tawtoraama batu CPA to Wellington, Nuwel Selannde ɗo o ñiŋi, o waɗi heen bayyinaango laaɓtungo e bayyinaango Ian Smith ngoo. E nder batu gooto. Shagari hollitii kadi mettere mum e Rodesi hannde Zimbaabwee, ɗo o ñiŋi politik koloñaal Angalteer e no o jogori jogaade ngonka Rodesi. Haala Shehu Shagari e nder batu CPA ina maantiniri no feewi, ina yaaji no feewi, haa o dañii njettoor keewɗo e juuɗe nulaaɓe woɗɓe. Shehu Shagari waɗii batte mawɗe e politik e laamu mum.

O waɗii kadi tiitoonde e nder jaaynde wiyeteende Christchurch Star to leydi Nuwel Selannde ñalnde 4 desaambar 1965, e jaaynde wiyeteende The Morning Post to Wellington.

Shagari (rowre caggal to bannge ñaamo) to galle laamorɗo Amerik e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Abubakar Tafawa Balewa e hooreejo leydi Amerik John F. Kennedy (1961)

O ardiima kadi delegaasiyoŋ to joɗnde adannde Goomu renndo faggudu faggudu Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OUA). Shagari kadi woniino wakilto gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii e sahaaji ceertuɗi, haa arti noon e nde hooreejo leydi Ejipt, hono Gamal Abdel Nasser, noddi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Najeriya, hono Abubakar, ngam ƴeewtaade peeje kisal leydi Ejipt. O lomtiima kadi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Tafawa Balewa e wirwirnde Winston Churchill.

Ko adii hooreejo leydi

Falnde Republique gadano

Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer 1966 e kuudetaa Nijeer 1966

Caggal kuudetaa leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1966, Shagari ina jeyaa e ardiiɓe laamu nguu, ɓe ndokki laamu nguu e juuɗe ardorde konu leydi ndii, hono Maj. Gen. Aguiyi Ironsi. O arti Sokoto ngam ɓamtude jaŋde. O wonii gardiiɗo fedde ƴellitaare jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto e hitaande 1967, ɗo o mahi duɗe diiwaan keewɗe. Caggal mum o toɗɗaama Komiseer Sosiyetee e Heblo kadi o golliima seeɗa e Komiseer Jaŋde e nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Fuɗnaange-rewo ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, hade makko noddaade ngam golloraade e les laamu konu fedde nde, hono Gen. Yakubu Gowon.

Jaagorgal caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele

Caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, tuggi 1970 haa 1971, Shagari toɗɗaama e juuɗe hooreejo konu leydi ndii, Seneraal Yakubu Gowon, ngam wonde komisinaajo fedde nde ngam ƴellitaare faggudu, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol golle ngam waɗde politik nanondiral laamu Gowon. Shagari fuɗɗii mahde e moƴƴitinde duɗe, opitaaluuji, e gollorɗe goɗɗe to Fuɗnaange-rewo. O ƴetti kadi golle ngam waawde wallude yimɓe Fuɗnaange-rewo ngam ɓe ngarta e golle laamu nde o woni e yeewtidde e makko ngam yoɓde kasoo politik Biafran caggal nde ɓataake mo Pius Okigbo winndi mo, o soodaa e makko e nder kasooji Enugu.

Tuggi 1971 haa 1975 o wonii komisariyaajo fedde (darnde wiyeteende hannde ministeer) to bannge kaalis. Wakkati o laati komisinaajo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya, Shagari laati kadi guwerneer Banki Duniyaaru, nden o ɗonno nder goomu ceede lesdi Naajeeriya (FMI) mo yimɓe cappanɗe ɗiɗi. Shagari bana jaagorɗo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya kadi o ɗon mari ceede lesdi Naajeeriya naira. E hitaande 1976, Shagari fuɗɗii fedde wiyeteende Nigeria Trust Fund to Banke Afrik ngam ƴellitaare, tawi ko 100 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam wallitde leyɗeele Afrik miskineeɓe ngam wallitde yoga e eɓɓooji mum en ƴellitaare.

Ko o jaagorgal e les njiimaandi Gowon, Shagari ƴetti kadi golle jam ngam haɓaade Julius Nyerere mo Tansani e Idi Amin mo Uganndaa ngam haɗde wolde Uganndaa e Tansani e ittude konu mum en e keeri (SUDA), e nder ɗuum o fuɗɗii mahde Luumo Sokoto Modern. E nder mbayliigu laamuuji nokkuuji e les njiimaandi laamu ngu Obasanjo ardii. Shagari suɓaama ngam wonde jaagorgal laamu nokku Yabo e hitaande 1976.

Suɓngo hooreejo leydi

Winndannde mawnde: Republique Nijeer ɗiɗaɓere

Caggal ɗuum, o golliima e batu doosɗe leydi 1977–1978, ƴettuɗo doosɗe leydi 1979. E hitaande 1978, Shehu Shagari wonnoo ko tergal sosngal lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer. E hitaande 1979 Shagari suɓaama e lannda kaa ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e wooteeji gardagol leydi e ndeen hitaande, ɗi o heɓi e wooteeji 1979 e ballal gardiiɗo kampaañ makko, hono Umaru Dikko. Kampaañ oo ina joginoo ballal politikaaji keewɗi mawɗi to Fuɗnaange e nder leƴƴi pamari to bannge worgo. Motto lanyol ngol woni &quot;Leñol gootel, Daarol Gootel&quot; ngol yi'aama bana lanyol ɓurngol wallugo ɗuuɗal lesdi Naajeeriya.

Hooreejo leydi

Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya

Faggudu

E nder boom petroŋ, Shagari waɗi ndema, njulaagu, galleeji e yah-ngartaa ko paandaale faggudu mawɗe njuɓɓudi laamu mum.

Ndemri

Laamu Shagari fuɗɗii &quot;Revolution verte&quot;, renndinde aawdi e ñamri e remooɓe ngam ɓeydude ngalu leydi ndii fof e nder ndema, E nder ndema. Faandaare ndee wonnoo ko ƴellitde kuutoragol masiŋaaji mekanik e nder ndema. Ndee eɓɓaande ina weltini remooɓe mawɓe ngam waawde feewnude geɗe keewɗe. O yamiri kadi baraas Bakalori e nder diiwaan Sokoto, e diiwaan Caad fombina, e diiwaan Borno, baraas Kafin Zaki e nder diiwaan Bauchi, baraas maayo Ogun, e diiwaan Ogun, baraas Dadin Kowa e nder diiwaan Bauchi, baraas Goronyo e nder diiwaan Sokoto, e baraas Zobe, e nder diiwaan Kastina.

Kuugal

Miijo njamndi Ajaokuta

E hitaande 1980, e ngalu petroŋ, Shagari joofni mahngo refineeri Kaduna, fuɗɗii golle e ndeen hitaande. Kadi e ngalu petroŋ, Shagari fuɗɗii mahngo Ajaokuta Steel Mill mo fotnoo timmude e hitaande 1983. Ko eɓɓaande ɓurnde mawnude e eɓɓaande steel nde meeɗaa fuɗɗaade e Afrik e sahaa mahngo mum. Koolol njamndi ngol noddiraa ko &quot;kaaƴe gonɗe e njulaagu leydi Najeriya&quot;.

Shagari timmini kuugal njamndi Delta nder hitaande 1982. Haa hitaande 1983, Shagari sosi sosiyetee limngal aluminium lesdi Naajeeriya haa Ikot Abasi. Mills Rolling Steel tati goɗɗi ɗo mahaa, ina jeyaa heen ɗi Osogbo, Katsina e Jos. Kono Shagari ustii geɗal royalties petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi gila e 30 haa 2 e nder teemedere. Shagari sosi kadi Duɗal janngingol petroŋ.

Wonno kadi ko gollorɗe otooji ko wayi no ANAMMCO to Anambra ɗe ndarnaa e hitaande 1980, gollorɗe mooɓondiral Volkswagen to diiwaan Oyo, otooji Peugeot to diiwaan Kaduna, FIAT to diiwaan Kano e Styer to diiwaan Bauchi.

Koɗki

To bannge galleeji, Shagari ina joginoo faandaare mahde 200 000 galle, kono haa lewru suwee 1983, ko ujunnaaje capanɗe tati (32 000) galle tan njoofi. Fuu e ŋakkeende mum, ko ɗum eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude nde Naajeeriya meeɗi yiyde e nder galleeji laamu.

Hortol

Laana ndiwoowa Nigeria (jooni ɗon mari duuɓi) yi'i duuɓi maako kaŋŋe wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓre les lesdi Shehu Shagari

E nder yah-ngartaa, o udditi laawol ɗuuɗngol nder lesdi ndi'i hawtaade e ngol yahdugo haa laamorde lesdi ndi'i, Abuja. Laabi goɗɗi teskinɗi peewnaaɗi ko wayi no : Badagry-Sokoto, Lagos-Kano, Port Harcourt-Enugu, Kano-Bauchi, Warri-Okene, Abuja-Kaduna, Calabar-Ikom, Yola-Maiduguri, Mokwa-Jidda, Abuja-Keffi, Effurun-Katsibia-Patanii e Effurun-Katsibia-Patanii Potiskum-Mayduguri.

Shagari kadi mahii e moƴƴinii won e portooji maayo ina jeyaa heen Porto Sapele e fuɗɗoraade Port Harcourt Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Portooji nder leydi kadi mahaa e jamaanu kadi porto maayo keso yamiraama to Onitsha e porto maayo goɗɗo jamaanu ngam golloraade Ajaokuta Steel Mill.

To bannge diwooje, Shagari sosi ministeer diwooje, mahii diwooje tati to Minna, Bauchi e Akure. Piirooji kesi kadi keɓaama ngam Naajeeriya Airways ina heen laanaaji diwooje Boeing 737s 8 e laanaaji diwooje 4 Airbus A310s ɗi Naajeeriya ɓuri jogaade laylaytol diwooje ɓurngol mawnude e nder Afrik.

Kaalis

Doggol coggu petrol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1981, toɗɗii kaalis laamu leydi Najeriya. Shagari « salii jaɓɓaade » njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi ummoraade e FMI e Banke Adunaajo nde kiris oo yahrata yeeso, o fuɗɗii kadi Porogaraam ngam dartinde faggudu ngam wallitde reende leydi ndii e jippagol tiiɗngol gila e tolnooji toowɗi gadani ɗii e kitaale 1970 e ƴellitde faggudu nduu feewde e ɓeydagol moƴƴol. Faandaare mawnde eɓɓaande ndee ko ustude lisaasuuji naatgol, ustude njoɓdi laamu, e ɓeydude njoɓɗeele doosɗe. Kono njeñtudi porogaraam dartingol ngol ina famɗi.

Korsa e Tiɗnaare Haɓaade Korsa

Hay so tawii Shehu Shagari woppitaama e hoore mum e golle bonɗe, Republique ɗiɗmo oo ina wondi e tuumeede fenaande, haa arti noon e tuumeede fenaande woote e wooteeji 1983. Ɗumɗoon noon, yantude e ustaare coggu petroŋ winndere ndee, e bonnugol kaalis ngenndi, caɗeele, addani laamu nguu waasde yiɗde ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii no feewi.

Kono hade makko ittude e laamu, e manndaa makko ɗiɗmo, Shagari waɗii eɓɓooje ngam haɓaade fenaande rewrude e ministeer keso toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njuɓɓudi ngenndiwal e gardagol Yusuf Maitama Sule, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko ɗuum tan sosaa. Taskaram kesum fuɗɗaama wi'eteeɗum Ethical Revolution ko mari hare mawnde ngam haɓugo bee ɓilla lesdi Gen. Muhammadu Buhari nder Eɓɓooje maako. Jaagorgal ngal duumiima tan ko lebbi tati hade kuudetaa 1983. E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo juutɗo, Shagari joginoo tan ko 7 e nder 45 jaagorɗe laamu ɓennungu nguu ngam hollirde darnde mum e haɓaade fenaande. Kono ɗuum jaɓaani junngo militeer en ƴettuɗo laamu nguu.

E nder laamu

E duuɓi tokoosi.

Laamu Shagari waɗii nafooje keewɗe e jaŋde. E nder manndaa makko duuɓi nay, ɓeydagol mawngol waɗii e duɗe hakkundeeje, jannginooɓe e duɗe janngirɗe kolees ɓeydiima. E hitaande 1981 kampaañ jaŋde mawnde fuɗɗii, e hitaande 1982, jaŋde 6–3–3–5 fuɗɗii. Laamu Shagari kadi mahii duɗe janngirɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Najeriya. Jaaɓihaaɗtirdeeji kesi karallaagal ɗo sosaa e nder diiwanuuji Bauchi, Benue, Adamawa, Ondo, Imo, e Osun. Ɓe ngoni Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Karallaagal Yola; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Akure; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Owerri; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Minna; Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ndema fedde nde, Abeokuta ; e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Abuubakar taafawa balewa. Laamu Shagari kadi ƴettii koleesuuji jaŋde goɗɗi jeeɗiɗi gonɗi hannde ɗii, mbaɗti ɗum en duɗe dokkuɗe dipolomaaji to Abraka, Ondo, Kano, Ado Ekiti, Bidda, Port Harcourt, e Zaria e kadi sosde politeknikuuji goɗɗi jeetati fedde nde to Ado Ekiti, Bidda, Bauchi, Idah, Uwana e Yofiklapo). Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Federal Open of Nigeria kadi sosaa ko e sahaa nde laamu Shagari joofi e hitaande 1981. Kadi ina rokka bursiiji ngam janngooɓe caggal leydi.

E nder kampaañ makko, Shagari suɓii debbo gooto ummoriiɗo to diiwaan Imo ngam wonde kanndidaa makko, ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi makko. Ammaa o sali ɓaawo o jaɓi ko adii, ngam soynde ballal hukuumaaji lesdi Naajeeriya haa Fombina-Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya to tikket cukko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya zoned to, ɗum woni ko ɓuri ɓadaaki rewɓe Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɗum fof e wayde noon, jaagorɗe e dipolomaat en rewɓe adanɓe e nder leydi Najeriya ko Shagari toɗɗii ɗum en. O toɗɗii Ebun Oyagbola yo won jaagorgal ko feewti e peewnugol leydi, caggal ɗuum o wonti ammbasadeer to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik to Panama, Kosta Rika e Guatemala e Mrs Janet Akinrinade yo won jaagorgal nder leydi e jaagorɗe ɗiɗi goɗɗe rewɓe Mrs Asinobi e Mrs Ivasi. Ko noon kadi, Mrs Elizabeth Ogbon toɗɗaama konsul mawɗo to Hamburg Almaañ, Mrs R Mohammed woni ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to Bostwana e Zimbaabwee. Nde tawnoo sukaaɓe heewɓe ina njokkondiri e laamu Shagari e jaagorɗe e wasiyaaji. Ina jeyaa e ɓurɓe anndeede ɓee, Prof. Pat Utomi, mo duuɓi 29 nde o toɗɗaa jaagorgal faggudu. Jaagorɗe toɗɗaaɗe e nder duuɓi mum en njahrata ko e duuɓi 30 ko Audu Innocent Ogbeh (32) e Bello Maitama Yusuf (34). Heewɓe e jaagorɗe kabine ɗee ina njogii duuɓi 50 les.

Geɗe ngenndiije

NNS AARADU

Ƴellitaare konu

Laamu Shagari nguu duuɓi gooti yi’i ɓeydagol jaawngol e mbaawkaaji konu leydi Naajeeriya. Naajeeriya heɓi ko ɓuri heewde e kaɓirɗe mum softuɗe e ooɗoo sahaa haa e ƴellitgol e keɓgol ko ɓooyaani koo. Sodeede konu e les njiimaandi Shagari ina heddii e ɓurde toowde e nder daartol leydi Najeriya. Ina jeyaa heen laanaaji diwooje alfa, laanaaji diwooje MIG, laanaaji diwooje 3 C-130H-30 Hercules, laanaaji diwooje elikopteeruuji e ko nanndi heen. NNS Aradu (F89) woni laanawol ɓurngol softugo nder konu ndiyam Naajeeriya heɓaama wakkati maako.

Maitatsine e Kano 1980 fitina

Binndanɗe mawɗe : Maitatsine e fitina Kano 1980

Fitinaaji Kano 1980 ko fitinaaji to Kano, leydi Nijeer, tawi ko Maitatsine, waajotooɗo seernaaɓe, e wondiiɓe mum ardii ɗum. Ko ngol woni go’o ko hare mawnde diine e nder Kano caggal koloñaal. Ko ina ɓura 4 177 siwil, 100 polis e fotde 35 militeer mbaraama, tawi heen Maitatsine e hoore mum, ina heewi siforeede ko fuɗɗoode Yan Tatsine. Sabu ɗuum, won miijo yaajngo wonde kisal e faggudu leydi Najeriya ina hulɓinii e juuɗe yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leyɗeele goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje, kadi ngool miijo ina ɓeydoo tiiɗde sabu yimɓe woɗɓe Afrik hirnaange mballitii e njulaagu nguu. Jaagorgal ko feewti e leydi Niger, Caad, Kamerun, Mali e Burkina Faso wondude e ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 juulɓe Naajeeriya mbaraama ko ina tolnoo e 100 poliseeɓe, ɓe ngañii heen 100 poliseeɓe. Konu nodditaa, ustii ngonka ka hade fanatik en ɓee ƴattaade leydi ndii. Kono tan, lowre laamu hollitii wonde ko alɗuɓe ɓe ngonaa laamuyankooɓe ngaddi caɗeele ɗee.

Riiwtude eggooɓe

Winndannde mawnde: Riiwtude yimɓe Afrik hirnaange ummoriiɓe leydi Nijeer

E hitaande 1983, Shagari yaltini yamiroore kuuɓtodinnde, yamiri eggooɓe ɓe ngalaa kaayitaaji immigration laaɓtuɗi yo njaltu leydi ndii, so wonaa ɗuum ɓe nanngee no sariya yamiri nii. Yamiroore ndee ko ngam jaabaade jiiɓru diineeji baɗnooɗi e nokkuuji leydi ndii e hitaande 1980 (Kano 1980 Riots) e hitaande 1981. Ko ɓuri heewde e eggooɓe ɓee ko Afriknaaɓe hirnaange, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Ganaanaaɓe. Ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi worɓe e rewɓe e sukaaɓe ngoni heen.

Teritorium Laamorde Fedde nde

Ko adii nde Shagari artata, Abuja ko leydi mboɗeeri tan, ndi alaa ƴellitaare. Shehu Shagari waɗii njuɓɓudi gadani wuro keso ngoo, gadano oo ko laawol ummoraade Suleja haa nokku ɗo laamorgo ngoo woni ɗoo. Ko heddii e golle ɗee ko kuuraa, ndiyam, e laabi.

Usmaan Dam Abuja

Baraas Usman mahaa ko e hitaande 1980, ko ngam heblude haajuuji ndiyam wuro ngo. Wuro ngoo kadi ina jokkondiri e laylaytol ngenndiwal e oon sahaa. Kadi laawol kesol ngol laana ndiwoowa waɗaama ngol jooni moƴƴinaama, ngol ɓeydaama no laamorgo hakkunde leyɗeele Nnamdi Azikiwe. Infrastructures goɗɗe ina mbaɗi 5,000 galleeji ngam gollotooɓe e fedde nde, sekretariat suudu laamu e suudu hoɗɓe hooreejo leydi (Aguda House), suudu laamu, Asamblee ngenndiijo e juulirɗe ngenndiije kadi ina mahaa, oteluuji 3 koode joy, duɗe, opitaaluuji, mahdiiji goɗɗi e won e laawol mawngol feewde e nder wuro Shagari ina ngondi e golle.

E hitaande 1983, Abuja wonti wuro gollorngo ngo batuuji diisnondiral e mawningol ngenndiwal mbaɗata toon. Nde Shagari ittaa, o woni ko e wuro ngam siwtaare. Abuja laati gila nden wuro mawngo, jooni laati laamorde lesdi Naajeeriya. Abuja siforiima no eɓɓoore wootere ɓurnde yuumtude e nder teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko architecte mawɗo biyeteeɗo Nnamdi Elleh siforii ɗum.

Geɗe caggal leydi

Hooreejo leydi Shagari e wonndude e hooreejo leydi Jimmy Carter e Cicely Tyson to galle daneejo

Hooreejo leydi Shagari jokki politik leydi Naajeeriya gila 1960, tawi ko Afrik woni ko e dow mum. Kanko Shagari o wonaa keso e jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ngam o ardii delegaasiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya gila nde o heɓi ndimaagu makko. Hooreejo leydi makko ina daraninoo e waɗde golle tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Afrik worgo e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Sammbi e Zimbaabwee. Hare ndimaagu ko golle ɗe hooreejo leydi Shagari foti waɗde. O waɗii laabi keewɗi darnde makko e kala nokku ɗo o woni ɗoo, haa arti noon e njilluuji makko to leydi Angalteer e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Jimmy Carter, jaarnoo mo e jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee. Koolol hakkunde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Shagari e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Margaret Thatcher ina hollita wonde o waɗii tiiɗnaare mawnde e Angalteer ko fayti e jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee haa arti noon e risk jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee.

Shagari ina salminaa e Seneraal Archer Durham to nokku ɗo konu Andrews woni ɗoo, nde o ari e njillu.

Joɗnde Fuɗnaange-Fuɗnaange to Cancun, Oktoobar 1981

E hitaande 1980, e nder mawningol jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee, hooreejo leydi ndii hono Shagari fodaniino 15 miliyoŋ dolaar e nder mawningol ngol ngam jannginde Zimbaabwee en wonɓe to Zimbaabwee e wonɓe e leyɗeele goɗɗe to leydi Nijeer. Laamu Mugaabe huutoriima feccere e ngalu nguu ngam soodde sosiyateeji jaayɗe jeyaaɗi e Afrik worgonaaɓe, ɗum ɓeydi doole laamu nguu e jaayɗe. Heddii ko e jannginde almudɓe e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya, gollotooɓe e laamu to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde (College des staffs) Naajeeriya to Badagry, e sooje en to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Kaduna. E darorɗe hitaande ndee, Mugabe yamiri ciimtol BBC ko faati e ndimaagu jaayɗe to Zimbaabwee. BBC yaltinii ciimtol mum ñalnde 26 lewru nduu, ina wasiyoo yo fedde jaayndeyaagal Zimbaabwee ndee waɗtu jeytaare mum e nafooje politik.

Shagari kadi waɗii eɓɓooje ngam sosde jokkondiral hakkunde Naajeeriya e Afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe e nder njilluuji mum to Amerik. To Harlem ɗo o adii yillaade e jaɓɓaade ñalngu ardiiɓe ɓaleeɓe, o noddii wonde ina haani jokkondiral faggudu e afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe. Kono caggal wooteeji mawɗi Amerik e hitaande 1980 ɗi ngaddi hooreejo leydi ndi hono Ronald Reagan, jokkondiral hakkunde Nijeer e Amerik heɓiino ŋakkere haa teeŋti noon e sahaa nde Nijeer salii jeyeede e Olimpiyaaji 1980 ɗi Nijeer salii jeyeede heen. Hooreejo leydi Shagari ɗon semmbiɗina dow jogaago siyaasaaku Naajeeriya dow ko laarani limngal lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nasti nder fijirde Olympic lesdi Russiya koo ngam hukuumaaji pamari Carter neldi boxer mawɗo Mohammed Ali haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Shagari salii yiyde Mohammed Ali e nder njillu mum lobbo.

Naajeeriya ina joginoo luural keeri hakkunde mum e leydi Caad e leydi Kameruun, ɗum noon ko ɗum fotnoo arde e ngonka wolde kono Shagari reentini ɗum e hakkille. Laamu Shagari ko balloowo mawɗo CEDEAO, rokki ɗum nokku ngam mahde galle laamorɗo mum to Abuja. Kono hay so laamu Shagari waɗii jam e hoɗdiiɓe mum, ngu riiwti yimɓe ɓe ngalaa kaayitaaji, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Ganaa en e hitaande 1983. Hay so tawii ko Naajeeriyankooɓe njiɗi ɗum, golle ɗee ina keewi ñiŋeede e nder miijooji. Nde anndiraa ko Ghana Must Go, woni riiwtude yimɓe Afrik hirnaange ummoriiɓe leydi Najeriya.

Gagga Republique ɗiɗaɓere

Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1983 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1983–1985)

Shagari dañii manndaa ɗiɗaɓo duuɓi nay e hitaande 1983, o dañii nafoore e wooteeji mawɗi hade makko foolde laamu, o nanngaa e juuɗe Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari e nder kuudetaa konu ñalnde 31 lewru Duujal hitaande 1983.

Nguurndam neɗɗo

Wade

Ñalnde 28 lewru Duujal hitaande 2018, hedde waktu 18ɓo e feccere kikiiɗe, Shehu Shagari maayi ko e rafi seeɗa to opitaal ngenndiwal, Abuja, ɗo o naati e safaara hade makko maayde. Ko taaniiko Bello Bala Shagari e guwerneer Tambuwal tabitini ɗum e nder tweets nannduɗi e mum e sahaa maayde makko.

Dewgal

Shehu Shagari resi rewɓe tato: Amina, Aisha, e Hadiza Shagari. Omo jibini ɓiɓɓe heewɓe, ina heen Muhammadu Bala Shagari e Aminu Shehu Shagari. Ñalnde 24 ut 2001, Aisha sankii to opitaal Londres caggal rafi seeɗa. O mari duuɓi 49.Hadiza maayi bee duuɓi 80 ngam nyawu COVID-19 haa Abuja nyande 12 lewru Ogost 2021.

Defte

Noddaama ngam golloraade (Taariindi nguurndam)

Caɗeele waylo-waylo (Koolol konnguɗi)

Wakar nijeriya ko jimɗi leydi nijeriya (yimre)

Usmaan Dan Fodio: Teori e gollal ardorde makko

Yiide am ngam Naajeeriya

Ƴeew kadi

portal Nijeer bannge

Kabinee Shehu Shagari

Doggol hooreeɓe leydi Naajeeriya

Sokotoo

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'''Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari GCFR''' (hausa pronunciation; 25 feebariyee 1925 – 28 lewru desaambar 2018) ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya mo woni hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gadano suɓaaɗo e dow demokaraasi, caggal nde hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo hokki laamu nguu e hitaande 1979.

O golliima seeɗa e jannginoowo hade makko naatde e politik e hitaande 1951 ; e o suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji hitaande 1954. E wakkatiiji feere-feere hakkunde hitaande 1958 rewrude e ndimu leydi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960 e hitaande 1975, o jogi kuugal kabine bana komisinaajo lesdi Naajeeriya. E nder ɗeen balɗe, Shagari waɗii darnde mawnde e nder fannuuji keewɗi e faggudu leydi Najeriya. Ko o jaagorgal golle, o waɗii darnde tiiɗnde e ƴellitaare gollorɗe. Ko o ministaajo ƴellitaare faggudu, o waɗii nafoore mawnde e yuɓɓinde peeje faggudu leydi Naajeeriya caggal jeytaare mum, kadi ko o Komisinaajo Fedde nde (hannde ko ministaajo) ngam kaalis, o ardiima udditgol Naira. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o ardii ƴellitaare faggudu, yaajnude gollorɗe, e ƴellitde gollorɗe, o yamiri Ajaokuta Steel Mill, eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude e nder Afrik, ngam waɗde njuɓɓudi ƴellitaare gollorɗe leydi Najeriya. Njuɓɓudi makko ina wondi e caɗeele, haa arti noon e ŋakkeende faggudu e ŋakkeende kisal politik. Laamu makko joofi ko e kuudetaa konu e hitaande 1983.

== Duuɓi gadani ==
Shehu Usmaan Shagari jibinaa ko ñalnde 25 feebariyee 1925 to Shagari e galle fulɓe juulɓe sunnit en. Wuro Shagari sosinnoo ngo ko mawniiko biyeteeɗo Ahmadu Rufa’i. O mawni ko e galle jom rewɓe heewɓe, ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo jeegom jibinaaɗo e nder galle hee. Baaba makko biyeteeɗo Aliyu Shagari ko Magajin Shagari (magaji firti ko hooreejo wuro). Ko adii nde o wontata Magajin Shagari, Aliyu ko demoowo, njulaagu, duroowo. Kono, sabu laabi aadaaji haɗnooɗi laamɓe tawtoreede njulaagu, Aliyu woppii yoga e nafooje mum njulaagu nde o wonti Magaji. Aliyu maayi duuɓi jowi caggal jibineede Shehu, mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Bello, ƴetti mantol baaba mum e nder dumunna juutɗo, hono Magajin Shagari.

Shagari fuɗɗii jaŋde mum ko e duɗal Quraana, caggal ɗuum o yahi o hoɗi e banndiraaɓe makko to wuro saraaji mum, ɗo o naati duɗal leslesal Yabo tuggi 1931 haa 1935. E hitaande 1936–1940, o yahi Sokoto ngam janngude hakkundeere, caggal ɗuum tuggi 1941 haa 1944 o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa. Hakkunde 1944 e 1952, Shagari heɓi bak mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe, to Zaria, Kaduna, to leydi Nijeer. Tuggi 1953 haa 1958, Shagari heɓi golle jannginoowo njillu to diiwaan Sokoto. O woniino kadi tergal e Yiilirde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe gila 1954 haa 1958.

== Fuɗɗoode golle politik ==

== Naatgol e dawrugol ==
Shehu Usman Shagari naati nder siyaasaaku nder hitaande 1951 nde o laati hooreejo kawtal yimɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya haa Sokoto, lesdi Naajeeriya, kuugal ngal o jogi haa hitaande 1956. Ammaa kuuɗe maako siyaasaaku arandeeji fuɗɗi nder hitaande 1945, nde o woni jannginoowo o sosi fedde sukaaɓe wiyeteende secretary i Sokoto Social be Circle. Fedde nde wonti gooto e pelle tokoose ɗe kawri ngam jeyeede e fedde yimɓe worgo (NPC), sosaande e hitaande 1948.

E hitaande 1948, nde Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe mo NCNC woni e njillu mum e nder leydi Najeriya ngam dañde kaalis ngam neldude delegaasiyoŋ to Londres ngam ɗaɓɓude e Ofis Koloñaal yo woppu doosɗe leydi Richard nde tawnoo ko nde demokaraasi, Shehu Shagari mo nganndu-ɗaa ko jannguɗo no feewi deftere Pilot Afrik-Hirnaange ko kanko tan woni gorko gooto to Sokoto meeting e ooɗoo iwdi Sokoto. Nde ofisee jaŋde diiwaan Angalteer humpitaa wonde Shagari arii, ɓeydagol njoɓdi makko joɗɗinaama e oon hitaande ngam waɗde ɗum ñaawoore.

Pilot Afrik worgo oo haɗaama e nder duɗe diiwaan worgo oo, Shagari winndi ɗum winndannde ngam umminde ɗum e hitaande 1948. E oon sahaa gooto, Shagari fuɗɗinooma daranaade yaltugol laamu koloñaal nde o yaltini deftere Hausa ina joginoo jimɗi ɗe o inniri &quot;Anti Colonialist in&quot;. E hitaande 1950, Shagari, suka jannginoowo jahroowo e duuɓi 25, suɓaama e gardagol ofisee diiwaan Angalteer biyeteeɗo H.A.S Johnson ngam tawtoreede batu Ibadan ngam yeewtidde e doosgal leydi Richards.

== Suɓngo parlemaa ==
E hitaande 1954, Shehu Shagari suɓaama e nder laamu mum gadano, o woni tergal suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde ngam Sokoto bannge worgo. E hitaande 1958, Shagari toɗɗaa koolaaɗo kuuɓal parlemaa (o woppi golle ɗee ko e hitaande 1959) to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer, hono Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, e ndeen hitaande kadi o woni jaagorde fedde nde to bannge njulaagu e gollorɗe.

== Toɗɗagol jaagorɗe ==
Tuggi 1959 haa 1960, Shagari woni jaagorɗo fedde nde ngam ɓamtaare faggudu leydi Naajeeriya jeytaare, ɗo jaagorgal makko woni e ƴettude peeje ƴellitaare 1962–1968. Ko ministeer ƴellitaare faggudu Shagari halfinaa kadi sosde Goomu ƴellitaare Niiseer-Delta. Tuggi 1960 haa 1962, o woni jaagorde pension lesdi ndi'i, nden o hoosi kuugal Najeeriyanisaasiyoŋ kuugal laamu. Tuggi 1962 haa 1965, Shagari waɗtaa jaagorgal nder leydi fedde nde. Gila 1965 haa kuudetaa militeer gadano e lewru Yarkomaa 1966, Shagari wonnoo ko jaagorgal fedde ndee e golle, o waɗii eɓɓooji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi, ina jeyaa heen Pont Eko Lagos, ko ɗum woni kontaraaji mawɗi gadani ɗi fedde mahdi Almaañnaajo Julius Berger to Nijeer, e timminde Pont Niger mo Minister96 Prime6r yamiri e hitaande 1966 Baleewa. E hitaande 1967, o toɗɗaa sekreteruuji ngam ƴellitde jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto. Tuggi 1968 haa 1969, Shagari hokkaama darnde dowla nder diiwal Fuunaange-rewo, o woni Komiseriyaa dowlaaji.

Shagari (hakkunde) e hooreejo leydi Tafawa Balewa mo keɓata defte keewɗe ummoraade e annduɗo ko faati e neɗɗaagu Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Melville J. Herskovits to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hirnaange-rewo e hitaande 1961

Ko o tergal Parlemaa e jaagorgal fedde nde, Shagari ardiima, o jeyaa ko e misiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya caggal leydi. Ko o jaagorgal ƴellitaare faggudu, o woniino tergal e delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to batu Tangiers to Komisiyoŋ Faggudu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Afrik (ECA), tawi ko jaagorgal kaalis mawɗo Festus Okotie Eboh ardii ɗum. E hitaande 1961, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo, mawninde duuɓi sappo jeytaare leydi Libi. E hitaande ndee tan, o woniino e batu jaagorɗe GATT to Geneve, ɗo o ƴetti haala Fedde Faggudu Orop (ECC) ngam ƴellitde leyɗeele Afrik hono Nijeer ɗe ngonaano e oon sahaa, jokkondirɗe e EEC. E ndeen hitaande kadi, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ to batu parlemaa Commonwealth (CPA) to Londres. O woni hooreejo batu CPA garoowo yuɓɓinaangu to Lagos hakkunde oktoobar e noowammbar 1962.

E hitaande 1962, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo e batu ECA to Addis Abeba haa batu tataɓo komisiyoŋ oo, ko adii fof ko Nijeer tawtoraama e nder tergal timmungal ɗo o wiyi e semmbe ngam ƴellitde cogguuli geɗe nguura. E hitaande 1963, Shagari woni nulaaɗo leydi Najeriya e batu CPA to Kuala Lumpur. Ndeen e lewru desaambar 1965, nde Ian Smith waɗi bayyinaango jeytaare leydi ngootiri, Shehu Shagari tawtoraama batu CPA to Wellington, Nuwel Selannde ɗo o ñiŋi, o waɗi heen bayyinaango laaɓtungo e bayyinaango Ian Smith ngoo. E nder batu gooto. Shagari hollitii kadi mettere mum e Rodesi hannde Zimbaabwee, ɗo o ñiŋi politik koloñaal Angalteer e no o jogori jogaade ngonka Rodesi. Haala Shehu Shagari e nder batu CPA ina maantiniri no feewi, ina yaaji no feewi, haa o dañii njettoor keewɗo e juuɗe nulaaɓe woɗɓe. Shehu Shagari waɗii batte mawɗe e politik e laamu mum.

O waɗii kadi tiitoonde e nder jaaynde wiyeteende Christchurch Star to leydi Nuwel Selannde ñalnde 4 desaambar 1965, e jaaynde wiyeteende The Morning Post to Wellington.

Shagari (rowre caggal to bannge ñaamo) to galle laamorɗo Amerik e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Abubakar Tafawa Balewa e hooreejo leydi Amerik John F. Kennedy (1961)

O ardiima kadi delegaasiyoŋ to joɗnde adannde Goomu renndo faggudu faggudu Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OUA). Shagari kadi woniino wakilto gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii e sahaaji ceertuɗi, haa arti noon e nde hooreejo leydi Ejipt, hono Gamal Abdel Nasser, noddi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Najeriya, hono Abubakar, ngam ƴeewtaade peeje kisal leydi Ejipt. O lomtiima kadi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Tafawa Balewa e wirwirnde Winston Churchill.

== Ko adii hooreejo leydi ==

== Falnde Republique gadano ==
Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer 1966 e kuudetaa Nijeer 1966

Caggal kuudetaa leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1966, Shagari ina jeyaa e ardiiɓe laamu nguu, ɓe ndokki laamu nguu e juuɗe ardorde konu leydi ndii, hono Maj. Gen. Aguiyi Ironsi. O arti Sokoto ngam ɓamtude jaŋde. O wonii gardiiɗo fedde ƴellitaare jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto e hitaande 1967, ɗo o mahi duɗe diiwaan keewɗe. Caggal mum o toɗɗaama Komiseer Sosiyetee e Heblo kadi o golliima seeɗa e Komiseer Jaŋde e nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Fuɗnaange-rewo ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, hade makko noddaade ngam golloraade e les laamu konu fedde nde, hono Gen. Yakubu Gowon.

== Jaagorgal caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ==
Caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, tuggi 1970 haa 1971, Shagari toɗɗaama e juuɗe hooreejo konu leydi ndii, Seneraal Yakubu Gowon, ngam wonde komisinaajo fedde nde ngam ƴellitaare faggudu, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol golle ngam waɗde politik nanondiral laamu Gowon. Shagari fuɗɗii mahde e moƴƴitinde duɗe, opitaaluuji, e gollorɗe goɗɗe to Fuɗnaange-rewo. O ƴetti kadi golle ngam waawde wallude yimɓe Fuɗnaange-rewo ngam ɓe ngarta e golle laamu nde o woni e yeewtidde e makko ngam yoɓde kasoo politik Biafran caggal nde ɓataake mo Pius Okigbo winndi mo, o soodaa e makko e nder kasooji Enugu.

Tuggi 1971 haa 1975 o wonii komisariyaajo fedde (darnde wiyeteende hannde ministeer) to bannge kaalis. Wakkati o laati komisinaajo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya, Shagari laati kadi guwerneer Banki Duniyaaru, nden o ɗonno nder goomu ceede lesdi Naajeeriya (FMI) mo yimɓe cappanɗe ɗiɗi. Shagari bana jaagorɗo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya kadi o ɗon mari ceede lesdi Naajeeriya naira. E hitaande 1976, Shagari fuɗɗii fedde wiyeteende Nigeria Trust Fund to Banke Afrik ngam ƴellitaare, tawi ko 100 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam wallitde leyɗeele Afrik miskineeɓe ngam wallitde yoga e eɓɓooji mum en ƴellitaare.

Ko o jaagorgal e les njiimaandi Gowon, Shagari ƴetti kadi golle jam ngam haɓaade Julius Nyerere mo Tansani e Idi Amin mo Uganndaa ngam haɗde wolde Uganndaa e Tansani e ittude konu mum en e keeri (SUDA), e nder ɗuum o fuɗɗii mahde Luumo Sokoto Modern. E nder mbayliigu laamuuji nokkuuji e les njiimaandi laamu ngu Obasanjo ardii. Shagari suɓaama ngam wonde jaagorgal laamu nokku Yabo e hitaande 1976.

== Suɓngo hooreejo leydi ==
Winndannde mawnde: Republique Nijeer ɗiɗaɓere

Caggal ɗuum, o golliima e batu doosɗe leydi 1977–1978, ƴettuɗo doosɗe leydi 1979. E hitaande 1978, Shehu Shagari wonnoo ko tergal sosngal lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer. E hitaande 1979 Shagari suɓaama e lannda kaa ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e wooteeji gardagol leydi e ndeen hitaande, ɗi o heɓi e wooteeji 1979 e ballal gardiiɗo kampaañ makko, hono Umaru Dikko. Kampaañ oo ina joginoo ballal politikaaji keewɗi mawɗi to Fuɗnaange e nder leƴƴi pamari to bannge worgo. Motto lanyol ngol woni &quot;Leñol gootel, Daarol Gootel&quot; ngol yi'aama bana lanyol ɓurngol wallugo ɗuuɗal lesdi Naajeeriya.

== Hooreejo leydi ==
Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya

== Faggudu ==
E nder boom petroŋ, Shagari waɗi ndema, njulaagu, galleeji e yah-ngartaa ko paandaale faggudu mawɗe njuɓɓudi laamu mum.

== Ndemri ==
Laamu Shagari fuɗɗii &quot;Revolution verte&quot;, renndinde aawdi e ñamri e remooɓe ngam ɓeydude ngalu leydi ndii fof e nder ndema, E nder ndema. Faandaare ndee wonnoo ko ƴellitde kuutoragol masiŋaaji mekanik e nder ndema. Ndee eɓɓaande ina weltini remooɓe mawɓe ngam waawde feewnude geɗe keewɗe. O yamiri kadi baraas Bakalori e nder diiwaan Sokoto, e diiwaan Caad fombina, e diiwaan Borno, baraas Kafin Zaki e nder diiwaan Bauchi, baraas maayo Ogun, e diiwaan Ogun, baraas Dadin Kowa e nder diiwaan Bauchi, baraas Goronyo e nder diiwaan Sokoto, e baraas Zobe, e nder diiwaan Kastina.

== Kuugal ==

== Miijo njamndi Ajaokuta ==
E hitaande 1980, e ngalu petroŋ, Shagari joofni mahngo refineeri Kaduna, fuɗɗii golle e ndeen hitaande. Kadi e ngalu petroŋ, Shagari fuɗɗii mahngo Ajaokuta Steel Mill mo fotnoo timmude e hitaande 1983. Ko eɓɓaande ɓurnde mawnude e eɓɓaande steel nde meeɗaa fuɗɗaade e Afrik e sahaa mahngo mum. Koolol njamndi ngol noddiraa ko &quot;kaaƴe gonɗe e njulaagu leydi Najeriya&quot;.

Shagari timmini kuugal njamndi Delta nder hitaande 1982. Haa hitaande 1983, Shagari sosi sosiyetee limngal aluminium lesdi Naajeeriya haa Ikot Abasi. Mills Rolling Steel tati goɗɗi ɗo mahaa, ina jeyaa heen ɗi Osogbo, Katsina e Jos. Kono Shagari ustii geɗal royalties petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi gila e 30 haa 2 e nder teemedere. Shagari sosi kadi Duɗal janngingol petroŋ.

Wonno kadi ko gollorɗe otooji ko wayi no ANAMMCO to Anambra ɗe ndarnaa e hitaande 1980, gollorɗe mooɓondiral Volkswagen to diiwaan Oyo, otooji Peugeot to diiwaan Kaduna, FIAT to diiwaan Kano e Styer to diiwaan Bauchi.

== Koɗki ==
To bannge galleeji, Shagari ina joginoo faandaare mahde 200 000 galle, kono haa lewru suwee 1983, ko ujunnaaje capanɗe tati (32 000) galle tan njoofi. Fuu e ŋakkeende mum, ko ɗum eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude nde Naajeeriya meeɗi yiyde e nder galleeji laamu.

== Hortol ==
Laana ndiwoowa Nigeria (jooni ɗon mari duuɓi) yi'i duuɓi maako kaŋŋe wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓre les lesdi Shehu Shagari

E nder yah-ngartaa, o udditi laawol ɗuuɗngol nder lesdi ndi'i hawtaade e ngol yahdugo haa laamorde lesdi ndi'i, Abuja. Laabi goɗɗi teskinɗi peewnaaɗi ko wayi no : Badagry-Sokoto, Lagos-Kano, Port Harcourt-Enugu, Kano-Bauchi, Warri-Okene, Abuja-Kaduna, Calabar-Ikom, Yola-Maiduguri, Mokwa-Jidda, Abuja-Keffi, Effurun-Katsibia-Patanii e Effurun-Katsibia-Patanii Potiskum-Mayduguri.

Shagari kadi mahii e moƴƴinii won e portooji maayo ina jeyaa heen Porto Sapele e fuɗɗoraade Port Harcourt Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Portooji nder leydi kadi mahaa e jamaanu kadi porto maayo keso yamiraama to Onitsha e porto maayo goɗɗo jamaanu ngam golloraade Ajaokuta Steel Mill.

To bannge diwooje, Shagari sosi ministeer diwooje, mahii diwooje tati to Minna, Bauchi e Akure. Piirooji kesi kadi keɓaama ngam Naajeeriya Airways ina heen laanaaji diwooje Boeing 737s 8 e laanaaji diwooje 4 Airbus A310s ɗi Naajeeriya ɓuri jogaade laylaytol diwooje ɓurngol mawnude e nder Afrik.

== Kaalis ==
Doggol coggu petrol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1981, toɗɗii kaalis laamu leydi Najeriya. Shagari « salii jaɓɓaade » njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi ummoraade e FMI e Banke Adunaajo nde kiris oo yahrata yeeso, o fuɗɗii kadi Porogaraam ngam dartinde faggudu ngam wallitde reende leydi ndii e jippagol tiiɗngol gila e tolnooji toowɗi gadani ɗii e kitaale 1970 e ƴellitde faggudu nduu feewde e ɓeydagol moƴƴol. Faandaare mawnde eɓɓaande ndee ko ustude lisaasuuji naatgol, ustude njoɓdi laamu, e ɓeydude njoɓɗeele doosɗe. Kono njeñtudi porogaraam dartingol ngol ina famɗi.

== Korsa e Tiɗnaare Haɓaade Korsa ==
Hay so tawii Shehu Shagari woppitaama e hoore mum e golle bonɗe, Republique ɗiɗmo oo ina wondi e tuumeede fenaande, haa arti noon e tuumeede fenaande woote e wooteeji 1983. Ɗumɗoon noon, yantude e ustaare coggu petroŋ winndere ndee, e bonnugol kaalis ngenndi, caɗeele, addani laamu nguu waasde yiɗde ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii no feewi.

Kono hade makko ittude e laamu, e manndaa makko ɗiɗmo, Shagari waɗii eɓɓooje ngam haɓaade fenaande rewrude e ministeer keso toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njuɓɓudi ngenndiwal e gardagol Yusuf Maitama Sule, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko ɗuum tan sosaa. Taskaram kesum fuɗɗaama wi'eteeɗum Ethical Revolution ko mari hare mawnde ngam haɓugo bee ɓilla lesdi Gen. Muhammadu Buhari nder Eɓɓooje maako. Jaagorgal ngal duumiima tan ko lebbi tati hade kuudetaa 1983. E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo juutɗo, Shagari joginoo tan ko 7 e nder 45 jaagorɗe laamu ɓennungu nguu ngam hollirde darnde mum e haɓaade fenaande. Kono ɗuum jaɓaani junngo militeer en ƴettuɗo laamu nguu.

== E nder laamu ==

== E duuɓi tokoosi. ==
Laamu Shagari waɗii nafooje keewɗe e jaŋde. E nder manndaa makko duuɓi nay, ɓeydagol mawngol waɗii e duɗe hakkundeeje, jannginooɓe e duɗe janngirɗe kolees ɓeydiima. E hitaande 1981 kampaañ jaŋde mawnde fuɗɗii, e hitaande 1982, jaŋde 6–3–3–5 fuɗɗii. Laamu Shagari kadi mahii duɗe janngirɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Najeriya. Jaaɓihaaɗtirdeeji kesi karallaagal ɗo sosaa e nder diiwanuuji Bauchi, Benue, Adamawa, Ondo, Imo, e Osun. Ɓe ngoni Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Karallaagal Yola; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Akure; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Owerri; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Minna; Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ndema fedde nde, Abeokuta ; e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Abuubakar taafawa balewa. Laamu Shagari kadi ƴettii koleesuuji jaŋde goɗɗi jeeɗiɗi gonɗi hannde ɗii, mbaɗti ɗum en duɗe dokkuɗe dipolomaaji to Abraka, Ondo, Kano, Ado Ekiti, Bidda, Port Harcourt, e Zaria e kadi sosde politeknikuuji goɗɗi jeetati fedde nde to Ado Ekiti, Bidda, Bauchi, Idah, Uwana e Yofiklapo). Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Federal Open of Nigeria kadi sosaa ko e sahaa nde laamu Shagari joofi e hitaande 1981. Kadi ina rokka bursiiji ngam janngooɓe caggal leydi.

E nder kampaañ makko, Shagari suɓii debbo gooto ummoriiɗo to diiwaan Imo ngam wonde kanndidaa makko, ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi makko. Ammaa o sali ɓaawo o jaɓi ko adii, ngam soynde ballal hukuumaaji lesdi Naajeeriya haa Fombina-Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya to tikket cukko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya zoned to, ɗum woni ko ɓuri ɓadaaki rewɓe Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɗum fof e wayde noon, jaagorɗe e dipolomaat en rewɓe adanɓe e nder leydi Najeriya ko Shagari toɗɗii ɗum en. O toɗɗii Ebun Oyagbola yo won jaagorgal ko feewti e peewnugol leydi, caggal ɗuum o wonti ammbasadeer to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik to Panama, Kosta Rika e Guatemala e Mrs Janet Akinrinade yo won jaagorgal nder leydi e jaagorɗe ɗiɗi goɗɗe rewɓe Mrs Asinobi e Mrs Ivasi. Ko noon kadi, Mrs Elizabeth Ogbon toɗɗaama konsul mawɗo to Hamburg Almaañ, Mrs R Mohammed woni ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to Bostwana e Zimbaabwee. Nde tawnoo sukaaɓe heewɓe ina njokkondiri e laamu Shagari e jaagorɗe e wasiyaaji. Ina jeyaa e ɓurɓe anndeede ɓee, Prof. Pat Utomi, mo duuɓi 29 nde o toɗɗaa jaagorgal faggudu. Jaagorɗe toɗɗaaɗe e nder duuɓi mum en njahrata ko e duuɓi 30 ko Audu Innocent Ogbeh (32) e Bello Maitama Yusuf (34). Heewɓe e jaagorɗe kabine ɗee ina njogii duuɓi 50 les.

== Geɗe ngenndiije ==

== NNS AARADU ==

== Ƴellitaare konu ==
Laamu Shagari nguu duuɓi gooti yi’i ɓeydagol jaawngol e mbaawkaaji konu leydi Naajeeriya. Naajeeriya heɓi ko ɓuri heewde e kaɓirɗe mum softuɗe e ooɗoo sahaa haa e ƴellitgol e keɓgol ko ɓooyaani koo. Sodeede konu e les njiimaandi Shagari ina heddii e ɓurde toowde e nder daartol leydi Najeriya. Ina jeyaa heen laanaaji diwooje alfa, laanaaji diwooje MIG, laanaaji diwooje 3 C-130H-30 Hercules, laanaaji diwooje elikopteeruuji e ko nanndi heen. NNS Aradu (F89) woni laanawol ɓurngol softugo nder konu ndiyam Naajeeriya heɓaama wakkati maako.

== Maitatsine e Kano 1980 fitina ==
Binndanɗe mawɗe : Maitatsine e fitina Kano 1980

Fitinaaji Kano 1980 ko fitinaaji to Kano, leydi Nijeer, tawi ko Maitatsine, waajotooɗo seernaaɓe, e wondiiɓe mum ardii ɗum. Ko ngol woni go’o ko hare mawnde diine e nder Kano caggal koloñaal. Ko ina ɓura 4 177 siwil, 100 polis e fotde 35 militeer mbaraama, tawi heen Maitatsine e hoore mum, ina heewi siforeede ko fuɗɗoode Yan Tatsine. Sabu ɗuum, won miijo yaajngo wonde kisal e faggudu leydi Najeriya ina hulɓinii e juuɗe yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leyɗeele goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje, kadi ngool miijo ina ɓeydoo tiiɗde sabu yimɓe woɗɓe Afrik hirnaange mballitii e njulaagu nguu. Jaagorgal ko feewti e leydi Niger, Caad, Kamerun, Mali e Burkina Faso wondude e ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 juulɓe Naajeeriya mbaraama ko ina tolnoo e 100 poliseeɓe, ɓe ngañii heen 100 poliseeɓe. Konu nodditaa, ustii ngonka ka hade fanatik en ɓee ƴattaade leydi ndii. Kono tan, lowre laamu hollitii wonde ko alɗuɓe ɓe ngonaa laamuyankooɓe ngaddi caɗeele ɗee.

== Riiwtude eggooɓe ==
Winndannde mawnde: Riiwtude yimɓe Afrik hirnaange ummoriiɓe leydi Nijeer

E hitaande 1983, Shagari yaltini yamiroore kuuɓtodinnde, yamiri eggooɓe ɓe ngalaa kaayitaaji immigration laaɓtuɗi yo njaltu leydi ndii, so wonaa ɗuum ɓe nanngee no sariya yamiri nii. Yamiroore ndee ko ngam jaabaade jiiɓru diineeji baɗnooɗi e nokkuuji leydi ndii e hitaande 1980 (Kano 1980 Riots) e hitaande 1981. Ko ɓuri heewde e eggooɓe ɓee ko Afriknaaɓe hirnaange, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Ganaanaaɓe. Ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi worɓe e rewɓe e sukaaɓe ngoni heen.

== Teritorium Laamorde Fedde nde ==
Ko adii nde Shagari artata, Abuja ko leydi mboɗeeri tan, ndi alaa ƴellitaare. Shehu Shagari waɗii njuɓɓudi gadani wuro keso ngoo, gadano oo ko laawol ummoraade Suleja haa nokku ɗo laamorgo ngoo woni ɗoo. Ko heddii e golle ɗee ko kuuraa, ndiyam, e laabi.

== Usmaan Dam Abuja ==
Baraas Usman mahaa ko e hitaande 1980, ko ngam heblude haajuuji ndiyam wuro ngo. Wuro ngoo kadi ina jokkondiri e laylaytol ngenndiwal e oon sahaa. Kadi laawol kesol ngol laana ndiwoowa waɗaama ngol jooni moƴƴinaama, ngol ɓeydaama no laamorgo hakkunde leyɗeele Nnamdi Azikiwe. Infrastructures goɗɗe ina mbaɗi 5,000 galleeji ngam gollotooɓe e fedde nde, sekretariat suudu laamu e suudu hoɗɓe hooreejo leydi (Aguda House), suudu laamu, Asamblee ngenndiijo e juulirɗe ngenndiije kadi ina mahaa, oteluuji 3 koode joy, duɗe, opitaaluuji, mahdiiji goɗɗi e won e laawol mawngol feewde e nder wuro Shagari ina ngondi e golle.

E hitaande 1983, Abuja wonti wuro gollorngo ngo batuuji diisnondiral e mawningol ngenndiwal mbaɗata toon. Nde Shagari ittaa, o woni ko e wuro ngam siwtaare. Abuja laati gila nden wuro mawngo, jooni laati laamorde lesdi Naajeeriya. Abuja siforiima no eɓɓoore wootere ɓurnde yuumtude e nder teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko architecte mawɗo biyeteeɗo Nnamdi Elleh siforii ɗum.

== Geɗe caggal leydi ==
Hooreejo leydi Shagari e wonndude e hooreejo leydi Jimmy Carter e Cicely Tyson to galle daneejo

Hooreejo leydi Shagari jokki politik leydi Naajeeriya gila 1960, tawi ko Afrik woni ko e dow mum. Kanko Shagari o wonaa keso e jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ngam o ardii delegaasiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya gila nde o heɓi ndimaagu makko. Hooreejo leydi makko ina daraninoo e waɗde golle tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Afrik worgo e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Sammbi e Zimbaabwee. Hare ndimaagu ko golle ɗe hooreejo leydi Shagari foti waɗde. O waɗii laabi keewɗi darnde makko e kala nokku ɗo o woni ɗoo, haa arti noon e njilluuji makko to leydi Angalteer e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Jimmy Carter, jaarnoo mo e jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee. Koolol hakkunde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Shagari e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Margaret Thatcher ina hollita wonde o waɗii tiiɗnaare mawnde e Angalteer ko fayti e jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee haa arti noon e risk jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee.

Shagari ina salminaa e Seneraal Archer Durham to nokku ɗo konu Andrews woni ɗoo, nde o ari e njillu.

Joɗnde Fuɗnaange-Fuɗnaange to Cancun, Oktoobar 1981

E hitaande 1980, e nder mawningol jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee, hooreejo leydi ndii hono Shagari fodaniino 15 miliyoŋ dolaar e nder mawningol ngol ngam jannginde Zimbaabwee en wonɓe to Zimbaabwee e wonɓe e leyɗeele goɗɗe to leydi Nijeer. Laamu Mugaabe huutoriima feccere e ngalu nguu ngam soodde sosiyateeji jaayɗe jeyaaɗi e Afrik worgonaaɓe, ɗum ɓeydi doole laamu nguu e jaayɗe. Heddii ko e jannginde almudɓe e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya, gollotooɓe e laamu to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde (College des staffs) Naajeeriya to Badagry, e sooje en to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Kaduna. E darorɗe hitaande ndee, Mugabe yamiri ciimtol BBC ko faati e ndimaagu jaayɗe to Zimbaabwee. BBC yaltinii ciimtol mum ñalnde 26 lewru nduu, ina wasiyoo yo fedde jaayndeyaagal Zimbaabwee ndee waɗtu jeytaare mum e nafooje politik.

Shagari kadi waɗii eɓɓooje ngam sosde jokkondiral hakkunde Naajeeriya e Afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe e nder njilluuji mum to Amerik. To Harlem ɗo o adii yillaade e jaɓɓaade ñalngu ardiiɓe ɓaleeɓe, o noddii wonde ina haani jokkondiral faggudu e afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe. Kono caggal wooteeji mawɗi Amerik e hitaande 1980 ɗi ngaddi hooreejo leydi ndi hono Ronald Reagan, jokkondiral hakkunde Nijeer e Amerik heɓiino ŋakkere haa teeŋti noon e sahaa nde Nijeer salii jeyeede e Olimpiyaaji 1980 ɗi Nijeer salii jeyeede heen. Hooreejo leydi Shagari ɗon semmbiɗina dow jogaago siyaasaaku Naajeeriya dow ko laarani limngal lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nasti nder fijirde Olympic lesdi Russiya koo ngam hukuumaaji pamari Carter neldi boxer mawɗo Mohammed Ali haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Shagari salii yiyde Mohammed Ali e nder njillu mum lobbo.

Naajeeriya ina joginoo luural keeri hakkunde mum e leydi Caad e leydi Kameruun, ɗum noon ko ɗum fotnoo arde e ngonka wolde kono Shagari reentini ɗum e hakkille. Laamu Shagari ko balloowo mawɗo CEDEAO, rokki ɗum nokku ngam mahde galle laamorɗo mum to Abuja. Kono hay so laamu Shagari waɗii jam e hoɗdiiɓe mum, ngu riiwti yimɓe ɓe ngalaa kaayitaaji, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Ganaa en e hitaande 1983. Hay so tawii ko Naajeeriyankooɓe njiɗi ɗum, golle ɗee ina keewi ñiŋeede e nder miijooji. Nde anndiraa ko Ghana Must Go, woni riiwtude yimɓe Afrik hirnaange ummoriiɓe leydi Najeriya.

== Gagga Republique ɗiɗaɓere ==
Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1983 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1983–1985)

Shagari dañii manndaa ɗiɗaɓo duuɓi nay e hitaande 1983, o dañii nafoore e wooteeji mawɗi hade makko foolde laamu, o nanngaa e juuɗe Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari e nder kuudetaa konu ñalnde 31 lewru Duujal hitaande 1983.

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==

== Wade ==
Ñalnde 28 lewru Duujal hitaande 2018, hedde waktu 18ɓo e feccere kikiiɗe, Shehu Shagari maayi ko e rafi seeɗa to opitaal ngenndiwal, Abuja, ɗo o naati e safaara hade makko maayde. Ko taaniiko Bello Bala Shagari e guwerneer Tambuwal tabitini ɗum e nder tweets nannduɗi e mum e sahaa maayde makko.

== Dewgal ==
Shehu Shagari resi rewɓe tato: Amina, Aisha, e Hadiza Shagari. Omo jibini ɓiɓɓe heewɓe, ina heen Muhammadu Bala Shagari e Aminu Shehu Shagari. Ñalnde 24 ut 2001, Aisha sankii to opitaal Londres caggal rafi seeɗa. O mari duuɓi 49.Hadiza maayi bee duuɓi 80 ngam nyawu COVID-19 haa Abuja nyande 12 lewru Ogost 2021.

== Defte ==
Noddaama ngam golloraade (Taariindi nguurndam)

Caɗeele waylo-waylo (Koolol konnguɗi)

Wakar nijeriya ko jimɗi leydi nijeriya (yimre)

Usmaan Dan Fodio: Teori e gollal ardorde makko

Yiide am ngam Naajeeriya

== Ƴeew kadi ==
portal Nijeer bannge

Kabinee Shehu Shagari

Doggol hooreeɓe leydi Naajeeriya

== Sokotoo ==

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'''Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari GCFR''' (hausa pronunciation; 25 feebariyee 1925 – 28 lewru desaambar 2018) ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya mo woni hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gadano suɓaaɗo e dow demokaraasi, caggal nde hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo hokki laamu nguu e hitaande 1979..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 January 2019|title=Shehu Shagari obituary|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary|access-date=24 February 2022|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=22 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922114757/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O golliima seeɗa e jannginoowo hade makko naatde e politik e hitaande 1951 ; e o suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji hitaande 1954. E wakkatiiji feere-feere hakkunde hitaande 1958 rewrude e ndimu leydi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960 e hitaande 1975, o jogi kuugal kabine bana komisinaajo lesdi Naajeeriya. E nder ɗeen balɗe, Shagari waɗii darnde mawnde e nder fannuuji keewɗi e faggudu leydi Najeriya. Ko o jaagorgal golle, o waɗii darnde tiiɗnde e ƴellitaare gollorɗe. Ko o ministaajo ƴellitaare faggudu, o waɗii nafoore mawnde e yuɓɓinde peeje faggudu leydi Naajeeriya caggal jeytaare mum, kadi ko o Komisinaajo Fedde nde (hannde ko ministaajo) ngam kaalis, o ardiima udditgol Naira. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o ardii ƴellitaare faggudu, yaajnude gollorɗe, e ƴellitde gollorɗe, o yamiri Ajaokuta Steel Mill, eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude e nder Afrik, ngam waɗde njuɓɓudi ƴellitaare gollorɗe leydi Najeriya. Njuɓɓudi makko ina wondi e caɗeele, haa arti noon e ŋakkeende faggudu e ŋakkeende kisal politik. Laamu makko joofi ko e kuudetaa konu e hitaande 1983.

== Duuɓi gadani ==
Shehu Usmaan Shagari jibinaa ko ñalnde 25 feebariyee 1925 to Shagari e galle fulɓe juulɓe sunnit en. Wuro Shagari sosinnoo ngo ko mawniiko biyeteeɗo Ahmadu Rufa’i. O mawni ko e galle jom rewɓe heewɓe, ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo jeegom jibinaaɗo e nder galle hee. Baaba makko biyeteeɗo Aliyu Shagari ko Magajin Shagari (magaji firti ko hooreejo wuro). Ko adii nde o wontata Magajin Shagari, Aliyu ko demoowo, njulaagu, duroowo. Kono, sabu laabi aadaaji haɗnooɗi laamɓe tawtoreede njulaagu, Aliyu woppii yoga e nafooje mum njulaagu nde o wonti Magaji. Aliyu maayi duuɓi jowi caggal jibineede Shehu, mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Bello, ƴetti mantol baaba mum e nder dumunna juutɗo, hono Magajin Shagari.

Shagari fuɗɗii jaŋde mum ko e duɗal Quraana, caggal ɗuum o yahi o hoɗi e banndiraaɓe makko to wuro saraaji mum, ɗo o naati duɗal leslesal Yabo tuggi 1931 haa 1935. E hitaande 1936–1940, o yahi Sokoto ngam janngude hakkundeere, caggal ɗuum tuggi 1941 haa 1944 o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa. Hakkunde 1944 e 1952, Shagari heɓi bak mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe, to Zaria, Kaduna, to leydi Nijeer. Tuggi 1953 haa 1958, Shagari heɓi golle jannginoowo njillu to diiwaan Sokoto. O woniino kadi tergal e Yiilirde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe gila 1954 haa 1958.

== Fuɗɗoode golle politik ==

== Naatgol e dawrugol ==
Shehu Usman Shagari naati nder siyaasaaku nder hitaande 1951 nde o laati hooreejo kawtal yimɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya haa Sokoto, lesdi Naajeeriya, kuugal ngal o jogi haa hitaande 1956. Ammaa kuuɗe maako siyaasaaku arandeeji fuɗɗi nder hitaande 1945, nde o woni jannginoowo o sosi fedde sukaaɓe wiyeteende secretary i Sokoto Social be Circle. Fedde nde wonti gooto e pelle tokoose ɗe kawri ngam jeyeede e fedde yimɓe worgo (NPC), sosaande e hitaande 1948.

E hitaande 1948, nde Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe mo NCNC woni e njillu mum e nder leydi Najeriya ngam dañde kaalis ngam neldude delegaasiyoŋ to Londres ngam ɗaɓɓude e Ofis Koloñaal yo woppu doosɗe leydi Richard nde tawnoo ko nde demokaraasi, Shehu Shagari mo nganndu-ɗaa ko jannguɗo no feewi deftere Pilot Afrik-Hirnaange ko kanko tan woni gorko gooto to Sokoto meeting e ooɗoo iwdi Sokoto. Nde ofisee jaŋde diiwaan Angalteer humpitaa wonde Shagari arii, ɓeydagol njoɓdi makko joɗɗinaama e oon hitaande ngam waɗde ɗum ñaawoore.

Pilot Afrik worgo oo haɗaama e nder duɗe diiwaan worgo oo, Shagari winndi ɗum winndannde ngam umminde ɗum e hitaande 1948. E oon sahaa gooto, Shagari fuɗɗinooma daranaade yaltugol laamu koloñaal nde o yaltini deftere Hausa ina joginoo jimɗi ɗe o inniri &quot;Anti Colonialist in&quot;. E hitaande 1950, Shagari, suka jannginoowo jahroowo e duuɓi 25, suɓaama e gardagol ofisee diiwaan Angalteer biyeteeɗo H.A.S Johnson ngam tawtoreede batu Ibadan ngam yeewtidde e doosgal leydi Richards.

== Suɓngo parlemaa ==
E hitaande 1954, Shehu Shagari suɓaama e nder laamu mum gadano, o woni tergal suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde ngam Sokoto bannge worgo. E hitaande 1958, Shagari toɗɗaa koolaaɗo kuuɓal parlemaa (o woppi golle ɗee ko e hitaande 1959) to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer, hono Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, e ndeen hitaande kadi o woni jaagorde fedde nde to bannge njulaagu e gollorɗe.

== Toɗɗagol jaagorɗe ==
Tuggi 1959 haa 1960, Shagari woni jaagorɗo fedde nde ngam ɓamtaare faggudu leydi Naajeeriya jeytaare, ɗo jaagorgal makko woni e ƴettude peeje ƴellitaare 1962–1968. Ko ministeer ƴellitaare faggudu Shagari halfinaa kadi sosde Goomu ƴellitaare Niiseer-Delta. Tuggi 1960 haa 1962, o woni jaagorde pension lesdi ndi'i, nden o hoosi kuugal Najeeriyanisaasiyoŋ kuugal laamu. Tuggi 1962 haa 1965, Shagari waɗtaa jaagorgal nder leydi fedde nde. Gila 1965 haa kuudetaa militeer gadano e lewru Yarkomaa 1966, Shagari wonnoo ko jaagorgal fedde ndee e golle, o waɗii eɓɓooji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi, ina jeyaa heen Pont Eko Lagos, ko ɗum woni kontaraaji mawɗi gadani ɗi fedde mahdi Almaañnaajo Julius Berger to Nijeer, e timminde Pont Niger mo Minister96 Prime6r yamiri e hitaande 1966 Baleewa. E hitaande 1967, o toɗɗaa sekreteruuji ngam ƴellitde jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto. Tuggi 1968 haa 1969, Shagari hokkaama darnde dowla nder diiwal Fuunaange-rewo, o woni Komiseriyaa dowlaaji.

Shagari (hakkunde) e hooreejo leydi Tafawa Balewa mo keɓata defte keewɗe ummoraade e annduɗo ko faati e neɗɗaagu Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Melville J. Herskovits to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hirnaange-rewo e hitaande 1961

Ko o tergal Parlemaa e jaagorgal fedde nde, Shagari ardiima, o jeyaa ko e misiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya caggal leydi. Ko o jaagorgal ƴellitaare faggudu, o woniino tergal e delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to batu Tangiers to Komisiyoŋ Faggudu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Afrik (ECA), tawi ko jaagorgal kaalis mawɗo Festus Okotie Eboh ardii ɗum. E hitaande 1961, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo, mawninde duuɓi sappo jeytaare leydi Libi. E hitaande ndee tan, o woniino e batu jaagorɗe GATT to Geneve, ɗo o ƴetti haala Fedde Faggudu Orop (ECC) ngam ƴellitde leyɗeele Afrik hono Nijeer ɗe ngonaano e oon sahaa, jokkondirɗe e EEC. E ndeen hitaande kadi, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ to batu parlemaa Commonwealth (CPA) to Londres. O woni hooreejo batu CPA garoowo yuɓɓinaangu to Lagos hakkunde oktoobar e noowammbar 1962.

E hitaande 1962, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo e batu ECA to Addis Abeba haa batu tataɓo komisiyoŋ oo, ko adii fof ko Nijeer tawtoraama e nder tergal timmungal ɗo o wiyi e semmbe ngam ƴellitde cogguuli geɗe nguura. E hitaande 1963, Shagari woni nulaaɗo leydi Najeriya e batu CPA to Kuala Lumpur. Ndeen e lewru desaambar 1965, nde Ian Smith waɗi bayyinaango jeytaare leydi ngootiri, Shehu Shagari tawtoraama batu CPA to Wellington, Nuwel Selannde ɗo o ñiŋi, o waɗi heen bayyinaango laaɓtungo e bayyinaango Ian Smith ngoo. E nder batu gooto. Shagari hollitii kadi mettere mum e Rodesi hannde Zimbaabwee, ɗo o ñiŋi politik koloñaal Angalteer e no o jogori jogaade ngonka Rodesi. Haala Shehu Shagari e nder batu CPA ina maantiniri no feewi, ina yaaji no feewi, haa o dañii njettoor keewɗo e juuɗe nulaaɓe woɗɓe. Shehu Shagari waɗii batte mawɗe e politik e laamu mum.

O waɗii kadi tiitoonde e nder jaaynde wiyeteende Christchurch Star to leydi Nuwel Selannde ñalnde 4 desaambar 1965, e jaaynde wiyeteende The Morning Post to Wellington.

Shagari (rowre caggal to bannge ñaamo) to galle laamorɗo Amerik e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Abubakar Tafawa Balewa e hooreejo leydi Amerik John F. Kennedy (1961)

O ardiima kadi delegaasiyoŋ to joɗnde adannde Goomu renndo faggudu faggudu Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OUA). Shagari kadi woniino wakilto gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii e sahaaji ceertuɗi, haa arti noon e nde hooreejo leydi Ejipt, hono Gamal Abdel Nasser, noddi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Najeriya, hono Abubakar, ngam ƴeewtaade peeje kisal leydi Ejipt. O lomtiima kadi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Tafawa Balewa e wirwirnde Winston Churchill.

== Ko adii hooreejo leydi ==

== Falnde Republique gadano ==
Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer 1966 e kuudetaa Nijeer 1966

Caggal kuudetaa leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1966, Shagari ina jeyaa e ardiiɓe laamu nguu, ɓe ndokki laamu nguu e juuɗe ardorde konu leydi ndii, hono Maj. Gen. Aguiyi Ironsi. O arti Sokoto ngam ɓamtude jaŋde. O wonii gardiiɗo fedde ƴellitaare jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto e hitaande 1967, ɗo o mahi duɗe diiwaan keewɗe. Caggal mum o toɗɗaama Komiseer Sosiyetee e Heblo kadi o golliima seeɗa e Komiseer Jaŋde e nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Fuɗnaange-rewo ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, hade makko noddaade ngam golloraade e les laamu konu fedde nde, hono Gen. Yakubu Gowon.

== Jaagorgal caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ==
Caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, tuggi 1970 haa 1971, Shagari toɗɗaama e juuɗe hooreejo konu leydi ndii, Seneraal Yakubu Gowon, ngam wonde komisinaajo fedde nde ngam ƴellitaare faggudu, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol golle ngam waɗde politik nanondiral laamu Gowon. Shagari fuɗɗii mahde e moƴƴitinde duɗe, opitaaluuji, e gollorɗe goɗɗe to Fuɗnaange-rewo. O ƴetti kadi golle ngam waawde wallude yimɓe Fuɗnaange-rewo ngam ɓe ngarta e golle laamu nde o woni e yeewtidde e makko ngam yoɓde kasoo politik Biafran caggal nde ɓataake mo Pius Okigbo winndi mo, o soodaa e makko e nder kasooji Enugu.

Tuggi 1971 haa 1975 o wonii komisariyaajo fedde (darnde wiyeteende hannde ministeer) to bannge kaalis. Wakkati o laati komisinaajo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya, Shagari laati kadi guwerneer Banki Duniyaaru, nden o ɗonno nder goomu ceede lesdi Naajeeriya (FMI) mo yimɓe cappanɗe ɗiɗi. Shagari bana jaagorɗo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya kadi o ɗon mari ceede lesdi Naajeeriya naira. E hitaande 1976, Shagari fuɗɗii fedde wiyeteende Nigeria Trust Fund to Banke Afrik ngam ƴellitaare, tawi ko 100 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam wallitde leyɗeele Afrik miskineeɓe ngam wallitde yoga e eɓɓooji mum en ƴellitaare.

Ko o jaagorgal e les njiimaandi Gowon, Shagari ƴetti kadi golle jam ngam haɓaade Julius Nyerere mo Tansani e Idi Amin mo Uganndaa ngam haɗde wolde Uganndaa e Tansani e ittude konu mum en e keeri (SUDA), e nder ɗuum o fuɗɗii mahde Luumo Sokoto Modern. E nder mbayliigu laamuuji nokkuuji e les njiimaandi laamu ngu Obasanjo ardii. Shagari suɓaama ngam wonde jaagorgal laamu nokku Yabo e hitaande 1976.

== Suɓngo hooreejo leydi ==
Winndannde mawnde: Republique Nijeer ɗiɗaɓere

Caggal ɗuum, o golliima e batu doosɗe leydi 1977–1978, ƴettuɗo doosɗe leydi 1979. E hitaande 1978, Shehu Shagari wonnoo ko tergal sosngal lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer. E hitaande 1979 Shagari suɓaama e lannda kaa ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e wooteeji gardagol leydi e ndeen hitaande, ɗi o heɓi e wooteeji 1979 e ballal gardiiɗo kampaañ makko, hono Umaru Dikko. Kampaañ oo ina joginoo ballal politikaaji keewɗi mawɗi to Fuɗnaange e nder leƴƴi pamari to bannge worgo. Motto lanyol ngol woni &quot;Leñol gootel, Daarol Gootel&quot; ngol yi'aama bana lanyol ɓurngol wallugo ɗuuɗal lesdi Naajeeriya.

== Hooreejo leydi ==
Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya

== Faggudu ==
E nder boom petroŋ, Shagari waɗi ndema, njulaagu, galleeji e yah-ngartaa ko paandaale faggudu mawɗe njuɓɓudi laamu mum.

== Ndemri ==
Laamu Shagari fuɗɗii &quot;Revolution verte&quot;, renndinde aawdi e ñamri e remooɓe ngam ɓeydude ngalu leydi ndii fof e nder ndema, E nder ndema. Faandaare ndee wonnoo ko ƴellitde kuutoragol masiŋaaji mekanik e nder ndema. Ndee eɓɓaande ina weltini remooɓe mawɓe ngam waawde feewnude geɗe keewɗe. O yamiri kadi baraas Bakalori e nder diiwaan Sokoto, e diiwaan Caad fombina, e diiwaan Borno, baraas Kafin Zaki e nder diiwaan Bauchi, baraas maayo Ogun, e diiwaan Ogun, baraas Dadin Kowa e nder diiwaan Bauchi, baraas Goronyo e nder diiwaan Sokoto, e baraas Zobe, e nder diiwaan Kastina.

== Kuugal ==

== Miijo njamndi Ajaokuta ==
E hitaande 1980, e ngalu petroŋ, Shagari joofni mahngo refineeri Kaduna, fuɗɗii golle e ndeen hitaande. Kadi e ngalu petroŋ, Shagari fuɗɗii mahngo Ajaokuta Steel Mill mo fotnoo timmude e hitaande 1983. Ko eɓɓaande ɓurnde mawnude e eɓɓaande steel nde meeɗaa fuɗɗaade e Afrik e sahaa mahngo mum. Koolol njamndi ngol noddiraa ko &quot;kaaƴe gonɗe e njulaagu leydi Najeriya&quot;.

Shagari timmini kuugal njamndi Delta nder hitaande 1982. Haa hitaande 1983, Shagari sosi sosiyetee limngal aluminium lesdi Naajeeriya haa Ikot Abasi. Mills Rolling Steel tati goɗɗi ɗo mahaa, ina jeyaa heen ɗi Osogbo, Katsina e Jos. Kono Shagari ustii geɗal royalties petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi gila e 30 haa 2 e nder teemedere. Shagari sosi kadi Duɗal janngingol petroŋ.

Wonno kadi ko gollorɗe otooji ko wayi no ANAMMCO to Anambra ɗe ndarnaa e hitaande 1980, gollorɗe mooɓondiral Volkswagen to diiwaan Oyo, otooji Peugeot to diiwaan Kaduna, FIAT to diiwaan Kano e Styer to diiwaan Bauchi.

== Koɗki ==
To bannge galleeji, Shagari ina joginoo faandaare mahde 200 000 galle, kono haa lewru suwee 1983, ko ujunnaaje capanɗe tati (32 000) galle tan njoofi. Fuu e ŋakkeende mum, ko ɗum eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude nde Naajeeriya meeɗi yiyde e nder galleeji laamu.

== Hortol ==
Laana ndiwoowa Nigeria (jooni ɗon mari duuɓi) yi'i duuɓi maako kaŋŋe wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓre les lesdi Shehu Shagari

E nder yah-ngartaa, o udditi laawol ɗuuɗngol nder lesdi ndi'i hawtaade e ngol yahdugo haa laamorde lesdi ndi'i, Abuja. Laabi goɗɗi teskinɗi peewnaaɗi ko wayi no : Badagry-Sokoto, Lagos-Kano, Port Harcourt-Enugu, Kano-Bauchi, Warri-Okene, Abuja-Kaduna, Calabar-Ikom, Yola-Maiduguri, Mokwa-Jidda, Abuja-Keffi, Effurun-Katsibia-Patanii e Effurun-Katsibia-Patanii Potiskum-Mayduguri.

Shagari kadi mahii e moƴƴinii won e portooji maayo ina jeyaa heen Porto Sapele e fuɗɗoraade Port Harcourt Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Portooji nder leydi kadi mahaa e jamaanu kadi porto maayo keso yamiraama to Onitsha e porto maayo goɗɗo jamaanu ngam golloraade Ajaokuta Steel Mill.

To bannge diwooje, Shagari sosi ministeer diwooje, mahii diwooje tati to Minna, Bauchi e Akure. Piirooji kesi kadi keɓaama ngam Naajeeriya Airways ina heen laanaaji diwooje Boeing 737s 8 e laanaaji diwooje 4 Airbus A310s ɗi Naajeeriya ɓuri jogaade laylaytol diwooje ɓurngol mawnude e nder Afrik.

== Kaalis ==
Doggol coggu petrol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1981, toɗɗii kaalis laamu leydi Najeriya. Shagari « salii jaɓɓaade » njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi ummoraade e FMI e Banke Adunaajo nde kiris oo yahrata yeeso, o fuɗɗii kadi Porogaraam ngam dartinde faggudu ngam wallitde reende leydi ndii e jippagol tiiɗngol gila e tolnooji toowɗi gadani ɗii e kitaale 1970 e ƴellitde faggudu nduu feewde e ɓeydagol moƴƴol. Faandaare mawnde eɓɓaande ndee ko ustude lisaasuuji naatgol, ustude njoɓdi laamu, e ɓeydude njoɓɗeele doosɗe. Kono njeñtudi porogaraam dartingol ngol ina famɗi.

== Korsa e Tiɗnaare Haɓaade Korsa ==
Hay so tawii Shehu Shagari woppitaama e hoore mum e golle bonɗe, Republique ɗiɗmo oo ina wondi e tuumeede fenaande, haa arti noon e tuumeede fenaande woote e wooteeji 1983. Ɗumɗoon noon, yantude e ustaare coggu petroŋ winndere ndee, e bonnugol kaalis ngenndi, caɗeele, addani laamu nguu waasde yiɗde ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii no feewi.

Kono hade makko ittude e laamu, e manndaa makko ɗiɗmo, Shagari waɗii eɓɓooje ngam haɓaade fenaande rewrude e ministeer keso toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njuɓɓudi ngenndiwal e gardagol Yusuf Maitama Sule, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko ɗuum tan sosaa. Taskaram kesum fuɗɗaama wi'eteeɗum Ethical Revolution ko mari hare mawnde ngam haɓugo bee ɓilla lesdi Gen. Muhammadu Buhari nder Eɓɓooje maako. Jaagorgal ngal duumiima tan ko lebbi tati hade kuudetaa 1983. E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo juutɗo, Shagari joginoo tan ko 7 e nder 45 jaagorɗe laamu ɓennungu nguu ngam hollirde darnde mum e haɓaade fenaande. Kono ɗuum jaɓaani junngo militeer en ƴettuɗo laamu nguu.

== E nder laamu ==

== E duuɓi tokoosi. ==
Laamu Shagari waɗii nafooje keewɗe e jaŋde. E nder manndaa makko duuɓi nay, ɓeydagol mawngol waɗii e duɗe hakkundeeje, jannginooɓe e duɗe janngirɗe kolees ɓeydiima. E hitaande 1981 kampaañ jaŋde mawnde fuɗɗii, e hitaande 1982, jaŋde 6–3–3–5 fuɗɗii. Laamu Shagari kadi mahii duɗe janngirɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Najeriya. Jaaɓihaaɗtirdeeji kesi karallaagal ɗo sosaa e nder diiwanuuji Bauchi, Benue, Adamawa, Ondo, Imo, e Osun. Ɓe ngoni Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Karallaagal Yola; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Akure; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Owerri; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Minna; Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ndema fedde nde, Abeokuta ; e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Abuubakar taafawa balewa. Laamu Shagari kadi ƴettii koleesuuji jaŋde goɗɗi jeeɗiɗi gonɗi hannde ɗii, mbaɗti ɗum en duɗe dokkuɗe dipolomaaji to Abraka, Ondo, Kano, Ado Ekiti, Bidda, Port Harcourt, e Zaria e kadi sosde politeknikuuji goɗɗi jeetati fedde nde to Ado Ekiti, Bidda, Bauchi, Idah, Uwana e Yofiklapo). Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Federal Open of Nigeria kadi sosaa ko e sahaa nde laamu Shagari joofi e hitaande 1981. Kadi ina rokka bursiiji ngam janngooɓe caggal leydi.

E nder kampaañ makko, Shagari suɓii debbo gooto ummoriiɗo to diiwaan Imo ngam wonde kanndidaa makko, ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi makko. Ammaa o sali ɓaawo o jaɓi ko adii, ngam soynde ballal hukuumaaji lesdi Naajeeriya haa Fombina-Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya to tikket cukko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya zoned to, ɗum woni ko ɓuri ɓadaaki rewɓe Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɗum fof e wayde noon, jaagorɗe e dipolomaat en rewɓe adanɓe e nder leydi Najeriya ko Shagari toɗɗii ɗum en. O toɗɗii Ebun Oyagbola yo won jaagorgal ko feewti e peewnugol leydi, caggal ɗuum o wonti ammbasadeer to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik to Panama, Kosta Rika e Guatemala e Mrs Janet Akinrinade yo won jaagorgal nder leydi e jaagorɗe ɗiɗi goɗɗe rewɓe Mrs Asinobi e Mrs Ivasi. Ko noon kadi, Mrs Elizabeth Ogbon toɗɗaama konsul mawɗo to Hamburg Almaañ, Mrs R Mohammed woni ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to Bostwana e Zimbaabwee. Nde tawnoo sukaaɓe heewɓe ina njokkondiri e laamu Shagari e jaagorɗe e wasiyaaji. Ina jeyaa e ɓurɓe anndeede ɓee, Prof. Pat Utomi, mo duuɓi 29 nde o toɗɗaa jaagorgal faggudu. Jaagorɗe toɗɗaaɗe e nder duuɓi mum en njahrata ko e duuɓi 30 ko Audu Innocent Ogbeh (32) e Bello Maitama Yusuf (34). Heewɓe e jaagorɗe kabine ɗee ina njogii duuɓi 50 les.

== Geɗe ngenndiije ==

== NNS AARADU ==

== Ƴellitaare konu ==
Laamu Shagari nguu duuɓi gooti yi’i ɓeydagol jaawngol e mbaawkaaji konu leydi Naajeeriya. Naajeeriya heɓi ko ɓuri heewde e kaɓirɗe mum softuɗe e ooɗoo sahaa haa e ƴellitgol e keɓgol ko ɓooyaani koo. Sodeede konu e les njiimaandi Shagari ina heddii e ɓurde toowde e nder daartol leydi Najeriya. Ina jeyaa heen laanaaji diwooje alfa, laanaaji diwooje MIG, laanaaji diwooje 3 C-130H-30 Hercules, laanaaji diwooje elikopteeruuji e ko nanndi heen. NNS Aradu (F89) woni laanawol ɓurngol softugo nder konu ndiyam Naajeeriya heɓaama wakkati maako.

== Maitatsine e Kano 1980 fitina ==
Binndanɗe mawɗe : Maitatsine e fitina Kano 1980

Fitinaaji Kano 1980 ko fitinaaji to Kano, leydi Nijeer, tawi ko Maitatsine, waajotooɗo seernaaɓe, e wondiiɓe mum ardii ɗum. Ko ngol woni go’o ko hare mawnde diine e nder Kano caggal koloñaal. Ko ina ɓura 4 177 siwil, 100 polis e fotde 35 militeer mbaraama, tawi heen Maitatsine e hoore mum, ina heewi siforeede ko fuɗɗoode Yan Tatsine. Sabu ɗuum, won miijo yaajngo wonde kisal e faggudu leydi Najeriya ina hulɓinii e juuɗe yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leyɗeele goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje, kadi ngool miijo ina ɓeydoo tiiɗde sabu yimɓe woɗɓe Afrik hirnaange mballitii e njulaagu nguu. Jaagorgal ko feewti e leydi Niger, Caad, Kamerun, Mali e Burkina Faso wondude e ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 juulɓe Naajeeriya mbaraama ko ina tolnoo e 100 poliseeɓe, ɓe ngañii heen 100 poliseeɓe. Konu nodditaa, ustii ngonka ka hade fanatik en ɓee ƴattaade leydi ndii. Kono tan, lowre laamu hollitii wonde ko alɗuɓe ɓe ngonaa laamuyankooɓe ngaddi caɗeele ɗee.

== Riiwtude eggooɓe ==
Winndannde mawnde: Riiwtude yimɓe Afrik hirnaange ummoriiɓe leydi Nijeer

E hitaande 1983, Shagari yaltini yamiroore kuuɓtodinnde, yamiri eggooɓe ɓe ngalaa kaayitaaji immigration laaɓtuɗi yo njaltu leydi ndii, so wonaa ɗuum ɓe nanngee no sariya yamiri nii. Yamiroore ndee ko ngam jaabaade jiiɓru diineeji baɗnooɗi e nokkuuji leydi ndii e hitaande 1980 (Kano 1980 Riots) e hitaande 1981. Ko ɓuri heewde e eggooɓe ɓee ko Afriknaaɓe hirnaange, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Ganaanaaɓe. Ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi worɓe e rewɓe e sukaaɓe ngoni heen.

== Teritorium Laamorde Fedde nde ==
Ko adii nde Shagari artata, Abuja ko leydi mboɗeeri tan, ndi alaa ƴellitaare. Shehu Shagari waɗii njuɓɓudi gadani wuro keso ngoo, gadano oo ko laawol ummoraade Suleja haa nokku ɗo laamorgo ngoo woni ɗoo. Ko heddii e golle ɗee ko kuuraa, ndiyam, e laabi.

== Usmaan Dam Abuja ==
Baraas Usman mahaa ko e hitaande 1980, ko ngam heblude haajuuji ndiyam wuro ngo. Wuro ngoo kadi ina jokkondiri e laylaytol ngenndiwal e oon sahaa. Kadi laawol kesol ngol laana ndiwoowa waɗaama ngol jooni moƴƴinaama, ngol ɓeydaama no laamorgo hakkunde leyɗeele Nnamdi Azikiwe. Infrastructures goɗɗe ina mbaɗi 5,000 galleeji ngam gollotooɓe e fedde nde, sekretariat suudu laamu e suudu hoɗɓe hooreejo leydi (Aguda House), suudu laamu, Asamblee ngenndiijo e juulirɗe ngenndiije kadi ina mahaa, oteluuji 3 koode joy, duɗe, opitaaluuji, mahdiiji goɗɗi e won e laawol mawngol feewde e nder wuro Shagari ina ngondi e golle.

E hitaande 1983, Abuja wonti wuro gollorngo ngo batuuji diisnondiral e mawningol ngenndiwal mbaɗata toon. Nde Shagari ittaa, o woni ko e wuro ngam siwtaare. Abuja laati gila nden wuro mawngo, jooni laati laamorde lesdi Naajeeriya. Abuja siforiima no eɓɓoore wootere ɓurnde yuumtude e nder teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko architecte mawɗo biyeteeɗo Nnamdi Elleh siforii ɗum.

== Geɗe caggal leydi ==
Hooreejo leydi Shagari e wonndude e hooreejo leydi Jimmy Carter e Cicely Tyson to galle daneejo

Hooreejo leydi Shagari jokki politik leydi Naajeeriya gila 1960, tawi ko Afrik woni ko e dow mum. Kanko Shagari o wonaa keso e jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ngam o ardii delegaasiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya gila nde o heɓi ndimaagu makko. Hooreejo leydi makko ina daraninoo e waɗde golle tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Afrik worgo e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Sammbi e Zimbaabwee. Hare ndimaagu ko golle ɗe hooreejo leydi Shagari foti waɗde. O waɗii laabi keewɗi darnde makko e kala nokku ɗo o woni ɗoo, haa arti noon e njilluuji makko to leydi Angalteer e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Jimmy Carter, jaarnoo mo e jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee. Koolol hakkunde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Shagari e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Margaret Thatcher ina hollita wonde o waɗii tiiɗnaare mawnde e Angalteer ko fayti e jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee haa arti noon e risk jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee.

Shagari ina salminaa e Seneraal Archer Durham to nokku ɗo konu Andrews woni ɗoo, nde o ari e njillu.

Joɗnde Fuɗnaange-Fuɗnaange to Cancun, Oktoobar 1981

E hitaande 1980, e nder mawningol jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee, hooreejo leydi ndii hono Shagari fodaniino 15 miliyoŋ dolaar e nder mawningol ngol ngam jannginde Zimbaabwee en wonɓe to Zimbaabwee e wonɓe e leyɗeele goɗɗe to leydi Nijeer. Laamu Mugaabe huutoriima feccere e ngalu nguu ngam soodde sosiyateeji jaayɗe jeyaaɗi e Afrik worgonaaɓe, ɗum ɓeydi doole laamu nguu e jaayɗe. Heddii ko e jannginde almudɓe e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya, gollotooɓe e laamu to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde (College des staffs) Naajeeriya to Badagry, e sooje en to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Kaduna. E darorɗe hitaande ndee, Mugabe yamiri ciimtol BBC ko faati e ndimaagu jaayɗe to Zimbaabwee. BBC yaltinii ciimtol mum ñalnde 26 lewru nduu, ina wasiyoo yo fedde jaayndeyaagal Zimbaabwee ndee waɗtu jeytaare mum e nafooje politik.

Shagari kadi waɗii eɓɓooje ngam sosde jokkondiral hakkunde Naajeeriya e Afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe e nder njilluuji mum to Amerik. To Harlem ɗo o adii yillaade e jaɓɓaade ñalngu ardiiɓe ɓaleeɓe, o noddii wonde ina haani jokkondiral faggudu e afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe. Kono caggal wooteeji mawɗi Amerik e hitaande 1980 ɗi ngaddi hooreejo leydi ndi hono Ronald Reagan, jokkondiral hakkunde Nijeer e Amerik heɓiino ŋakkere haa teeŋti noon e sahaa nde Nijeer salii jeyeede e Olimpiyaaji 1980 ɗi Nijeer salii jeyeede heen. Hooreejo leydi Shagari ɗon semmbiɗina dow jogaago siyaasaaku Naajeeriya dow ko laarani limngal lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nasti nder fijirde Olympic lesdi Russiya koo ngam hukuumaaji pamari Carter neldi boxer mawɗo Mohammed Ali haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Shagari salii yiyde Mohammed Ali e nder njillu mum lobbo.

Naajeeriya ina joginoo luural keeri hakkunde mum e leydi Caad e leydi Kameruun, ɗum noon ko ɗum fotnoo arde e ngonka wolde kono Shagari reentini ɗum e hakkille. Laamu Shagari ko balloowo mawɗo CEDEAO, rokki ɗum nokku ngam mahde galle laamorɗo mum to Abuja. Kono hay so laamu Shagari waɗii jam e hoɗdiiɓe mum, ngu riiwti yimɓe ɓe ngalaa kaayitaaji, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Ganaa en e hitaande 1983. Hay so tawii ko Naajeeriyankooɓe njiɗi ɗum, golle ɗee ina keewi ñiŋeede e nder miijooji. Nde anndiraa ko Ghana Must Go, woni riiwtude yimɓe Afrik hirnaange ummoriiɓe leydi Najeriya.

== Gagga Republique ɗiɗaɓere ==
Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1983 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1983–1985)

Shagari dañii manndaa ɗiɗaɓo duuɓi nay e hitaande 1983, o dañii nafoore e wooteeji mawɗi hade makko foolde laamu, o nanngaa e juuɗe Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari e nder kuudetaa konu ñalnde 31 lewru Duujal hitaande 1983.

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==

== Wade ==
Ñalnde 28 lewru Duujal hitaande 2018, hedde waktu 18ɓo e feccere kikiiɗe, Shehu Shagari maayi ko e rafi seeɗa to opitaal ngenndiwal, Abuja, ɗo o naati e safaara hade makko maayde. Ko taaniiko Bello Bala Shagari e guwerneer Tambuwal tabitini ɗum e nder tweets nannduɗi e mum e sahaa maayde makko.

== Dewgal ==
Shehu Shagari resi rewɓe tato: Amina, Aisha, e Hadiza Shagari. Omo jibini ɓiɓɓe heewɓe, ina heen Muhammadu Bala Shagari e Aminu Shehu Shagari. Ñalnde 24 ut 2001, Aisha sankii to opitaal Londres caggal rafi seeɗa. O mari duuɓi 49.Hadiza maayi bee duuɓi 80 ngam nyawu COVID-19 haa Abuja nyande 12 lewru Ogost 2021.

== Defte ==
Noddaama ngam golloraade (Taariindi nguurndam)

Caɗeele waylo-waylo (Koolol konnguɗi)

Wakar nijeriya ko jimɗi leydi nijeriya (yimre)

Usmaan Dan Fodio: Teori e gollal ardorde makko

Yiide am ngam Naajeeriya

== Ƴeew kadi ==
portal Nijeer bannge

Kabinee Shehu Shagari

Doggol hooreeɓe leydi Naajeeriya

== Sokotoo ==

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'''Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari GCFR''' (hausa pronunciation; 25 feebariyee 1925 – 28 lewru desaambar 2018) ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya mo woni hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gadano suɓaaɗo e dow demokaraasi, caggal nde hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo hokki laamu nguu e hitaande 1979..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 January 2019|title=Shehu Shagari obituary|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary|access-date=24 February 2022|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=22 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922114757/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O golliima seeɗa e jannginoowo hade makko naatde e politik e hitaande 1951 ; e o suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji hitaande 1954. E wakkatiiji feere-feere hakkunde hitaande 1958 rewrude e ndimu leydi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960 e hitaande 1975, o jogi kuugal kabine bana komisinaajo lesdi Naajeeriya. E nder ɗeen balɗe, Shagari waɗii darnde mawnde e nder fannuuji keewɗi e faggudu leydi Najeriya. Ko o jaagorgal golle, o waɗii darnde tiiɗnde e ƴellitaare gollorɗe. Ko o ministaajo ƴellitaare faggudu, o waɗii nafoore mawnde e yuɓɓinde peeje faggudu leydi Naajeeriya caggal jeytaare mum, kadi ko o Komisinaajo Fedde nde (hannde ko ministaajo) ngam kaalis, o ardiima udditgol Naira. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o ardii ƴellitaare faggudu, yaajnude gollorɗe, e ƴellitde gollorɗe, o yamiri Ajaokuta Steel Mill, eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude e nder Afrik, ngam waɗde njuɓɓudi ƴellitaare gollorɗe leydi Najeriya. Njuɓɓudi makko ina wondi e caɗeele, haa arti noon e ŋakkeende faggudu e ŋakkeende kisal politik. Laamu makko joofi ko e kuudetaa konu e hitaande 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;Premium Times&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Solomonov|first=M.|date=2 September 2022|title=Nigeria to pay $496 million to settle Indian firm's claim over Ajaokuta steel|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/business/business-news/552308-nigeria-to-pay-496-million-to-settle-indian-firms-claim-over-ajaokuta-steel.html?tztc=1|access-date=14 May 2017|archive-date=25 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425114727/https://yen.com.gh/16384-ghana-must-go-exodus-nigeria-remembered.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duuɓi gadani ==
Shehu Usmaan Shagari jibinaa ko ñalnde 25 feebariyee 1925 to Shagari e galle fulɓe juulɓe sunnit en. Wuro Shagari sosinnoo ngo ko mawniiko biyeteeɗo Ahmadu Rufa’i. O mawni ko e galle jom rewɓe heewɓe, ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo jeegom jibinaaɗo e nder galle hee. Baaba makko biyeteeɗo Aliyu Shagari ko Magajin Shagari (magaji firti ko hooreejo wuro). Ko adii nde o wontata Magajin Shagari, Aliyu ko demoowo, njulaagu, duroowo. Kono, sabu laabi aadaaji haɗnooɗi laamɓe tawtoreede njulaagu, Aliyu woppii yoga e nafooje mum njulaagu nde o wonti Magaji. Aliyu maayi duuɓi jowi caggal jibineede Shehu, mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Bello, ƴetti mantol baaba mum e nder dumunna juutɗo, hono Magajin Shagari.

Shagari fuɗɗii jaŋde mum ko e duɗal Quraana, caggal ɗuum o yahi o hoɗi e banndiraaɓe makko to wuro saraaji mum, ɗo o naati duɗal leslesal Yabo tuggi 1931 haa 1935. E hitaande 1936–1940, o yahi Sokoto ngam janngude hakkundeere, caggal ɗuum tuggi 1941 haa 1944 o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa. Hakkunde 1944 e 1952, Shagari heɓi bak mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe, to Zaria, Kaduna, to leydi Nijeer. Tuggi 1953 haa 1958, Shagari heɓi golle jannginoowo njillu to diiwaan Sokoto. O woniino kadi tergal e Yiilirde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe gila 1954 haa 1958.

== Fuɗɗoode golle politik ==

== Naatgol e dawrugol ==
Shehu Usman Shagari naati nder siyaasaaku nder hitaande 1951 nde o laati hooreejo kawtal yimɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya haa Sokoto, lesdi Naajeeriya, kuugal ngal o jogi haa hitaande 1956. Ammaa kuuɗe maako siyaasaaku arandeeji fuɗɗi nder hitaande 1945, nde o woni jannginoowo o sosi fedde sukaaɓe wiyeteende secretary i Sokoto Social be Circle. Fedde nde wonti gooto e pelle tokoose ɗe kawri ngam jeyeede e fedde yimɓe worgo (NPC), sosaande e hitaande 1948.

E hitaande 1948, nde Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe mo NCNC woni e njillu mum e nder leydi Najeriya ngam dañde kaalis ngam neldude delegaasiyoŋ to Londres ngam ɗaɓɓude e Ofis Koloñaal yo woppu doosɗe leydi Richard nde tawnoo ko nde demokaraasi, Shehu Shagari mo nganndu-ɗaa ko jannguɗo no feewi deftere Pilot Afrik-Hirnaange ko kanko tan woni gorko gooto to Sokoto meeting e ooɗoo iwdi Sokoto. Nde ofisee jaŋde diiwaan Angalteer humpitaa wonde Shagari arii, ɓeydagol njoɓdi makko joɗɗinaama e oon hitaande ngam waɗde ɗum ñaawoore.

Pilot Afrik worgo oo haɗaama e nder duɗe diiwaan worgo oo, Shagari winndi ɗum winndannde ngam umminde ɗum e hitaande 1948. E oon sahaa gooto, Shagari fuɗɗinooma daranaade yaltugol laamu koloñaal nde o yaltini deftere Hausa ina joginoo jimɗi ɗe o inniri &quot;Anti Colonialist in&quot;. E hitaande 1950, Shagari, suka jannginoowo jahroowo e duuɓi 25, suɓaama e gardagol ofisee diiwaan Angalteer biyeteeɗo H.A.S Johnson ngam tawtoreede batu Ibadan ngam yeewtidde e doosgal leydi Richards.

== Suɓngo parlemaa ==
E hitaande 1954, Shehu Shagari suɓaama e nder laamu mum gadano, o woni tergal suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde ngam Sokoto bannge worgo. E hitaande 1958, Shagari toɗɗaa koolaaɗo kuuɓal parlemaa (o woppi golle ɗee ko e hitaande 1959) to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer, hono Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, e ndeen hitaande kadi o woni jaagorde fedde nde to bannge njulaagu e gollorɗe.

== Toɗɗagol jaagorɗe ==
Tuggi 1959 haa 1960, Shagari woni jaagorɗo fedde nde ngam ɓamtaare faggudu leydi Naajeeriya jeytaare, ɗo jaagorgal makko woni e ƴettude peeje ƴellitaare 1962–1968. Ko ministeer ƴellitaare faggudu Shagari halfinaa kadi sosde Goomu ƴellitaare Niiseer-Delta. Tuggi 1960 haa 1962, o woni jaagorde pension lesdi ndi'i, nden o hoosi kuugal Najeeriyanisaasiyoŋ kuugal laamu. Tuggi 1962 haa 1965, Shagari waɗtaa jaagorgal nder leydi fedde nde. Gila 1965 haa kuudetaa militeer gadano e lewru Yarkomaa 1966, Shagari wonnoo ko jaagorgal fedde ndee e golle, o waɗii eɓɓooji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi, ina jeyaa heen Pont Eko Lagos, ko ɗum woni kontaraaji mawɗi gadani ɗi fedde mahdi Almaañnaajo Julius Berger to Nijeer, e timminde Pont Niger mo Minister96 Prime6r yamiri e hitaande 1966 Baleewa. E hitaande 1967, o toɗɗaa sekreteruuji ngam ƴellitde jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto. Tuggi 1968 haa 1969, Shagari hokkaama darnde dowla nder diiwal Fuunaange-rewo, o woni Komiseriyaa dowlaaji.

Shagari (hakkunde) e hooreejo leydi Tafawa Balewa mo keɓata defte keewɗe ummoraade e annduɗo ko faati e neɗɗaagu Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Melville J. Herskovits to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hirnaange-rewo e hitaande 1961

Ko o tergal Parlemaa e jaagorgal fedde nde, Shagari ardiima, o jeyaa ko e misiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya caggal leydi. Ko o jaagorgal ƴellitaare faggudu, o woniino tergal e delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to batu Tangiers to Komisiyoŋ Faggudu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Afrik (ECA), tawi ko jaagorgal kaalis mawɗo Festus Okotie Eboh ardii ɗum. E hitaande 1961, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo, mawninde duuɓi sappo jeytaare leydi Libi. E hitaande ndee tan, o woniino e batu jaagorɗe GATT to Geneve, ɗo o ƴetti haala Fedde Faggudu Orop (ECC) ngam ƴellitde leyɗeele Afrik hono Nijeer ɗe ngonaano e oon sahaa, jokkondirɗe e EEC. E ndeen hitaande kadi, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ to batu parlemaa Commonwealth (CPA) to Londres. O woni hooreejo batu CPA garoowo yuɓɓinaangu to Lagos hakkunde oktoobar e noowammbar 1962.

E hitaande 1962, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo e batu ECA to Addis Abeba haa batu tataɓo komisiyoŋ oo, ko adii fof ko Nijeer tawtoraama e nder tergal timmungal ɗo o wiyi e semmbe ngam ƴellitde cogguuli geɗe nguura. E hitaande 1963, Shagari woni nulaaɗo leydi Najeriya e batu CPA to Kuala Lumpur. Ndeen e lewru desaambar 1965, nde Ian Smith waɗi bayyinaango jeytaare leydi ngootiri, Shehu Shagari tawtoraama batu CPA to Wellington, Nuwel Selannde ɗo o ñiŋi, o waɗi heen bayyinaango laaɓtungo e bayyinaango Ian Smith ngoo. E nder batu gooto. Shagari hollitii kadi mettere mum e Rodesi hannde Zimbaabwee, ɗo o ñiŋi politik koloñaal Angalteer e no o jogori jogaade ngonka Rodesi. Haala Shehu Shagari e nder batu CPA ina maantiniri no feewi, ina yaaji no feewi, haa o dañii njettoor keewɗo e juuɗe nulaaɓe woɗɓe. Shehu Shagari waɗii batte mawɗe e politik e laamu mum.

O waɗii kadi tiitoonde e nder jaaynde wiyeteende Christchurch Star to leydi Nuwel Selannde ñalnde 4 desaambar 1965, e jaaynde wiyeteende The Morning Post to Wellington.

Shagari (rowre caggal to bannge ñaamo) to galle laamorɗo Amerik e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Abubakar Tafawa Balewa e hooreejo leydi Amerik John F. Kennedy (1961)

O ardiima kadi delegaasiyoŋ to joɗnde adannde Goomu renndo faggudu faggudu Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OUA). Shagari kadi woniino wakilto gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii e sahaaji ceertuɗi, haa arti noon e nde hooreejo leydi Ejipt, hono Gamal Abdel Nasser, noddi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Najeriya, hono Abubakar, ngam ƴeewtaade peeje kisal leydi Ejipt. O lomtiima kadi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Tafawa Balewa e wirwirnde Winston Churchill.

== Ko adii hooreejo leydi ==

== Falnde Republique gadano ==
Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer 1966 e kuudetaa Nijeer 1966

Caggal kuudetaa leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1966, Shagari ina jeyaa e ardiiɓe laamu nguu, ɓe ndokki laamu nguu e juuɗe ardorde konu leydi ndii, hono Maj. Gen. Aguiyi Ironsi. O arti Sokoto ngam ɓamtude jaŋde. O wonii gardiiɗo fedde ƴellitaare jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto e hitaande 1967, ɗo o mahi duɗe diiwaan keewɗe. Caggal mum o toɗɗaama Komiseer Sosiyetee e Heblo kadi o golliima seeɗa e Komiseer Jaŋde e nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Fuɗnaange-rewo ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, hade makko noddaade ngam golloraade e les laamu konu fedde nde, hono Gen. Yakubu Gowon.

== Jaagorgal caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ==
Caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, tuggi 1970 haa 1971, Shagari toɗɗaama e juuɗe hooreejo konu leydi ndii, Seneraal Yakubu Gowon, ngam wonde komisinaajo fedde nde ngam ƴellitaare faggudu, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol golle ngam waɗde politik nanondiral laamu Gowon. Shagari fuɗɗii mahde e moƴƴitinde duɗe, opitaaluuji, e gollorɗe goɗɗe to Fuɗnaange-rewo. O ƴetti kadi golle ngam waawde wallude yimɓe Fuɗnaange-rewo ngam ɓe ngarta e golle laamu nde o woni e yeewtidde e makko ngam yoɓde kasoo politik Biafran caggal nde ɓataake mo Pius Okigbo winndi mo, o soodaa e makko e nder kasooji Enugu.

Tuggi 1971 haa 1975 o wonii komisariyaajo fedde (darnde wiyeteende hannde ministeer) to bannge kaalis. Wakkati o laati komisinaajo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya, Shagari laati kadi guwerneer Banki Duniyaaru, nden o ɗonno nder goomu ceede lesdi Naajeeriya (FMI) mo yimɓe cappanɗe ɗiɗi. Shagari bana jaagorɗo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya kadi o ɗon mari ceede lesdi Naajeeriya naira. E hitaande 1976, Shagari fuɗɗii fedde wiyeteende Nigeria Trust Fund to Banke Afrik ngam ƴellitaare, tawi ko 100 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam wallitde leyɗeele Afrik miskineeɓe ngam wallitde yoga e eɓɓooji mum en ƴellitaare.

Ko o jaagorgal e les njiimaandi Gowon, Shagari ƴetti kadi golle jam ngam haɓaade Julius Nyerere mo Tansani e Idi Amin mo Uganndaa ngam haɗde wolde Uganndaa e Tansani e ittude konu mum en e keeri (SUDA), e nder ɗuum o fuɗɗii mahde Luumo Sokoto Modern. E nder mbayliigu laamuuji nokkuuji e les njiimaandi laamu ngu Obasanjo ardii. Shagari suɓaama ngam wonde jaagorgal laamu nokku Yabo e hitaande 1976.

== Suɓngo hooreejo leydi ==
Winndannde mawnde: Republique Nijeer ɗiɗaɓere

Caggal ɗuum, o golliima e batu doosɗe leydi 1977–1978, ƴettuɗo doosɗe leydi 1979. E hitaande 1978, Shehu Shagari wonnoo ko tergal sosngal lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer. E hitaande 1979 Shagari suɓaama e lannda kaa ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e wooteeji gardagol leydi e ndeen hitaande, ɗi o heɓi e wooteeji 1979 e ballal gardiiɗo kampaañ makko, hono Umaru Dikko. Kampaañ oo ina joginoo ballal politikaaji keewɗi mawɗi to Fuɗnaange e nder leƴƴi pamari to bannge worgo. Motto lanyol ngol woni &quot;Leñol gootel, Daarol Gootel&quot; ngol yi'aama bana lanyol ɓurngol wallugo ɗuuɗal lesdi Naajeeriya.

== Hooreejo leydi ==
Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya

== Faggudu ==
E nder boom petroŋ, Shagari waɗi ndema, njulaagu, galleeji e yah-ngartaa ko paandaale faggudu mawɗe njuɓɓudi laamu mum.

== Ndemri ==
Laamu Shagari fuɗɗii &quot;Revolution verte&quot;, renndinde aawdi e ñamri e remooɓe ngam ɓeydude ngalu leydi ndii fof e nder ndema, E nder ndema. Faandaare ndee wonnoo ko ƴellitde kuutoragol masiŋaaji mekanik e nder ndema. Ndee eɓɓaande ina weltini remooɓe mawɓe ngam waawde feewnude geɗe keewɗe. O yamiri kadi baraas Bakalori e nder diiwaan Sokoto, e diiwaan Caad fombina, e diiwaan Borno, baraas Kafin Zaki e nder diiwaan Bauchi, baraas maayo Ogun, e diiwaan Ogun, baraas Dadin Kowa e nder diiwaan Bauchi, baraas Goronyo e nder diiwaan Sokoto, e baraas Zobe, e nder diiwaan Kastina.

== Kuugal ==

== Miijo njamndi Ajaokuta ==
E hitaande 1980, e ngalu petroŋ, Shagari joofni mahngo refineeri Kaduna, fuɗɗii golle e ndeen hitaande. Kadi e ngalu petroŋ, Shagari fuɗɗii mahngo Ajaokuta Steel Mill mo fotnoo timmude e hitaande 1983. Ko eɓɓaande ɓurnde mawnude e eɓɓaande steel nde meeɗaa fuɗɗaade e Afrik e sahaa mahngo mum. Koolol njamndi ngol noddiraa ko &quot;kaaƴe gonɗe e njulaagu leydi Najeriya&quot;.

Shagari timmini kuugal njamndi Delta nder hitaande 1982. Haa hitaande 1983, Shagari sosi sosiyetee limngal aluminium lesdi Naajeeriya haa Ikot Abasi. Mills Rolling Steel tati goɗɗi ɗo mahaa, ina jeyaa heen ɗi Osogbo, Katsina e Jos. Kono Shagari ustii geɗal royalties petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi gila e 30 haa 2 e nder teemedere. Shagari sosi kadi Duɗal janngingol petroŋ.

Wonno kadi ko gollorɗe otooji ko wayi no ANAMMCO to Anambra ɗe ndarnaa e hitaande 1980, gollorɗe mooɓondiral Volkswagen to diiwaan Oyo, otooji Peugeot to diiwaan Kaduna, FIAT to diiwaan Kano e Styer to diiwaan Bauchi.

== Koɗki ==
To bannge galleeji, Shagari ina joginoo faandaare mahde 200 000 galle, kono haa lewru suwee 1983, ko ujunnaaje capanɗe tati (32 000) galle tan njoofi. Fuu e ŋakkeende mum, ko ɗum eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude nde Naajeeriya meeɗi yiyde e nder galleeji laamu.

== Hortol ==
Laana ndiwoowa Nigeria (jooni ɗon mari duuɓi) yi'i duuɓi maako kaŋŋe wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓre les lesdi Shehu Shagari

E nder yah-ngartaa, o udditi laawol ɗuuɗngol nder lesdi ndi'i hawtaade e ngol yahdugo haa laamorde lesdi ndi'i, Abuja. Laabi goɗɗi teskinɗi peewnaaɗi ko wayi no : Badagry-Sokoto, Lagos-Kano, Port Harcourt-Enugu, Kano-Bauchi, Warri-Okene, Abuja-Kaduna, Calabar-Ikom, Yola-Maiduguri, Mokwa-Jidda, Abuja-Keffi, Effurun-Katsibia-Patanii e Effurun-Katsibia-Patanii Potiskum-Mayduguri.

Shagari kadi mahii e moƴƴinii won e portooji maayo ina jeyaa heen Porto Sapele e fuɗɗoraade Port Harcourt Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Portooji nder leydi kadi mahaa e jamaanu kadi porto maayo keso yamiraama to Onitsha e porto maayo goɗɗo jamaanu ngam golloraade Ajaokuta Steel Mill.

To bannge diwooje, Shagari sosi ministeer diwooje, mahii diwooje tati to Minna, Bauchi e Akure. Piirooji kesi kadi keɓaama ngam Naajeeriya Airways ina heen laanaaji diwooje Boeing 737s 8 e laanaaji diwooje 4 Airbus A310s ɗi Naajeeriya ɓuri jogaade laylaytol diwooje ɓurngol mawnude e nder Afrik.

== Kaalis ==
Doggol coggu petrol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1981, toɗɗii kaalis laamu leydi Najeriya. Shagari « salii jaɓɓaade » njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi ummoraade e FMI e Banke Adunaajo nde kiris oo yahrata yeeso, o fuɗɗii kadi Porogaraam ngam dartinde faggudu ngam wallitde reende leydi ndii e jippagol tiiɗngol gila e tolnooji toowɗi gadani ɗii e kitaale 1970 e ƴellitde faggudu nduu feewde e ɓeydagol moƴƴol. Faandaare mawnde eɓɓaande ndee ko ustude lisaasuuji naatgol, ustude njoɓdi laamu, e ɓeydude njoɓɗeele doosɗe. Kono njeñtudi porogaraam dartingol ngol ina famɗi.

== Korsa e Tiɗnaare Haɓaade Korsa ==
Hay so tawii Shehu Shagari woppitaama e hoore mum e golle bonɗe, Republique ɗiɗmo oo ina wondi e tuumeede fenaande, haa arti noon e tuumeede fenaande woote e wooteeji 1983. Ɗumɗoon noon, yantude e ustaare coggu petroŋ winndere ndee, e bonnugol kaalis ngenndi, caɗeele, addani laamu nguu waasde yiɗde ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii no feewi.

Kono hade makko ittude e laamu, e manndaa makko ɗiɗmo, Shagari waɗii eɓɓooje ngam haɓaade fenaande rewrude e ministeer keso toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njuɓɓudi ngenndiwal e gardagol Yusuf Maitama Sule, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko ɗuum tan sosaa. Taskaram kesum fuɗɗaama wi'eteeɗum Ethical Revolution ko mari hare mawnde ngam haɓugo bee ɓilla lesdi Gen. Muhammadu Buhari nder Eɓɓooje maako. Jaagorgal ngal duumiima tan ko lebbi tati hade kuudetaa 1983. E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo juutɗo, Shagari joginoo tan ko 7 e nder 45 jaagorɗe laamu ɓennungu nguu ngam hollirde darnde mum e haɓaade fenaande. Kono ɗuum jaɓaani junngo militeer en ƴettuɗo laamu nguu.

== E nder laamu ==

== E duuɓi tokoosi. ==
Laamu Shagari waɗii nafooje keewɗe e jaŋde. E nder manndaa makko duuɓi nay, ɓeydagol mawngol waɗii e duɗe hakkundeeje, jannginooɓe e duɗe janngirɗe kolees ɓeydiima. E hitaande 1981 kampaañ jaŋde mawnde fuɗɗii, e hitaande 1982, jaŋde 6–3–3–5 fuɗɗii. Laamu Shagari kadi mahii duɗe janngirɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Najeriya. Jaaɓihaaɗtirdeeji kesi karallaagal ɗo sosaa e nder diiwanuuji Bauchi, Benue, Adamawa, Ondo, Imo, e Osun. Ɓe ngoni Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Karallaagal Yola; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Akure; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Owerri; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Minna; Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ndema fedde nde, Abeokuta ; e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Abuubakar taafawa balewa. Laamu Shagari kadi ƴettii koleesuuji jaŋde goɗɗi jeeɗiɗi gonɗi hannde ɗii, mbaɗti ɗum en duɗe dokkuɗe dipolomaaji to Abraka, Ondo, Kano, Ado Ekiti, Bidda, Port Harcourt, e Zaria e kadi sosde politeknikuuji goɗɗi jeetati fedde nde to Ado Ekiti, Bidda, Bauchi, Idah, Uwana e Yofiklapo). Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Federal Open of Nigeria kadi sosaa ko e sahaa nde laamu Shagari joofi e hitaande 1981. Kadi ina rokka bursiiji ngam janngooɓe caggal leydi.

E nder kampaañ makko, Shagari suɓii debbo gooto ummoriiɗo to diiwaan Imo ngam wonde kanndidaa makko, ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi makko. Ammaa o sali ɓaawo o jaɓi ko adii, ngam soynde ballal hukuumaaji lesdi Naajeeriya haa Fombina-Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya to tikket cukko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya zoned to, ɗum woni ko ɓuri ɓadaaki rewɓe Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɗum fof e wayde noon, jaagorɗe e dipolomaat en rewɓe adanɓe e nder leydi Najeriya ko Shagari toɗɗii ɗum en. O toɗɗii Ebun Oyagbola yo won jaagorgal ko feewti e peewnugol leydi, caggal ɗuum o wonti ammbasadeer to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik to Panama, Kosta Rika e Guatemala e Mrs Janet Akinrinade yo won jaagorgal nder leydi e jaagorɗe ɗiɗi goɗɗe rewɓe Mrs Asinobi e Mrs Ivasi. Ko noon kadi, Mrs Elizabeth Ogbon toɗɗaama konsul mawɗo to Hamburg Almaañ, Mrs R Mohammed woni ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to Bostwana e Zimbaabwee. Nde tawnoo sukaaɓe heewɓe ina njokkondiri e laamu Shagari e jaagorɗe e wasiyaaji. Ina jeyaa e ɓurɓe anndeede ɓee, Prof. Pat Utomi, mo duuɓi 29 nde o toɗɗaa jaagorgal faggudu. Jaagorɗe toɗɗaaɗe e nder duuɓi mum en njahrata ko e duuɓi 30 ko Audu Innocent Ogbeh (32) e Bello Maitama Yusuf (34). Heewɓe e jaagorɗe kabine ɗee ina njogii duuɓi 50 les.

== Geɗe ngenndiije ==

== NNS AARADU ==

== Ƴellitaare konu ==
Laamu Shagari nguu duuɓi gooti yi’i ɓeydagol jaawngol e mbaawkaaji konu leydi Naajeeriya. Naajeeriya heɓi ko ɓuri heewde e kaɓirɗe mum softuɗe e ooɗoo sahaa haa e ƴellitgol e keɓgol ko ɓooyaani koo. Sodeede konu e les njiimaandi Shagari ina heddii e ɓurde toowde e nder daartol leydi Najeriya. Ina jeyaa heen laanaaji diwooje alfa, laanaaji diwooje MIG, laanaaji diwooje 3 C-130H-30 Hercules, laanaaji diwooje elikopteeruuji e ko nanndi heen. NNS Aradu (F89) woni laanawol ɓurngol softugo nder konu ndiyam Naajeeriya heɓaama wakkati maako.

== Maitatsine e Kano 1980 fitina ==
Binndanɗe mawɗe : Maitatsine e fitina Kano 1980

Fitinaaji Kano 1980 ko fitinaaji to Kano, leydi Nijeer, tawi ko Maitatsine, waajotooɗo seernaaɓe, e wondiiɓe mum ardii ɗum. Ko ngol woni go’o ko hare mawnde diine e nder Kano caggal koloñaal. Ko ina ɓura 4 177 siwil, 100 polis e fotde 35 militeer mbaraama, tawi heen Maitatsine e hoore mum, ina heewi siforeede ko fuɗɗoode Yan Tatsine. Sabu ɗuum, won miijo yaajngo wonde kisal e faggudu leydi Najeriya ina hulɓinii e juuɗe yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leyɗeele goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje, kadi ngool miijo ina ɓeydoo tiiɗde sabu yimɓe woɗɓe Afrik hirnaange mballitii e njulaagu nguu. Jaagorgal ko feewti e leydi Niger, Caad, Kamerun, Mali e Burkina Faso wondude e ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 juulɓe Naajeeriya mbaraama ko ina tolnoo e 100 poliseeɓe, ɓe ngañii heen 100 poliseeɓe. Konu nodditaa, ustii ngonka ka hade fanatik en ɓee ƴattaade leydi ndii. Kono tan, lowre laamu hollitii wonde ko alɗuɓe ɓe ngonaa laamuyankooɓe ngaddi caɗeele ɗee.

== Riiwtude eggooɓe ==
Winndannde mawnde: Riiwtude yimɓe Afrik hirnaange ummoriiɓe leydi Nijeer

E hitaande 1983, Shagari yaltini yamiroore kuuɓtodinnde, yamiri eggooɓe ɓe ngalaa kaayitaaji immigration laaɓtuɗi yo njaltu leydi ndii, so wonaa ɗuum ɓe nanngee no sariya yamiri nii. Yamiroore ndee ko ngam jaabaade jiiɓru diineeji baɗnooɗi e nokkuuji leydi ndii e hitaande 1980 (Kano 1980 Riots) e hitaande 1981. Ko ɓuri heewde e eggooɓe ɓee ko Afriknaaɓe hirnaange, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Ganaanaaɓe. Ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi worɓe e rewɓe e sukaaɓe ngoni heen.

== Teritorium Laamorde Fedde nde ==
Ko adii nde Shagari artata, Abuja ko leydi mboɗeeri tan, ndi alaa ƴellitaare. Shehu Shagari waɗii njuɓɓudi gadani wuro keso ngoo, gadano oo ko laawol ummoraade Suleja haa nokku ɗo laamorgo ngoo woni ɗoo. Ko heddii e golle ɗee ko kuuraa, ndiyam, e laabi.

== Usmaan Dam Abuja ==
Baraas Usman mahaa ko e hitaande 1980, ko ngam heblude haajuuji ndiyam wuro ngo. Wuro ngoo kadi ina jokkondiri e laylaytol ngenndiwal e oon sahaa. Kadi laawol kesol ngol laana ndiwoowa waɗaama ngol jooni moƴƴinaama, ngol ɓeydaama no laamorgo hakkunde leyɗeele Nnamdi Azikiwe. Infrastructures goɗɗe ina mbaɗi 5,000 galleeji ngam gollotooɓe e fedde nde, sekretariat suudu laamu e suudu hoɗɓe hooreejo leydi (Aguda House), suudu laamu, Asamblee ngenndiijo e juulirɗe ngenndiije kadi ina mahaa, oteluuji 3 koode joy, duɗe, opitaaluuji, mahdiiji goɗɗi e won e laawol mawngol feewde e nder wuro Shagari ina ngondi e golle.

E hitaande 1983, Abuja wonti wuro gollorngo ngo batuuji diisnondiral e mawningol ngenndiwal mbaɗata toon. Nde Shagari ittaa, o woni ko e wuro ngam siwtaare. Abuja laati gila nden wuro mawngo, jooni laati laamorde lesdi Naajeeriya. Abuja siforiima no eɓɓoore wootere ɓurnde yuumtude e nder teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko architecte mawɗo biyeteeɗo Nnamdi Elleh siforii ɗum.

== Geɗe caggal leydi ==
Hooreejo leydi Shagari e wonndude e hooreejo leydi Jimmy Carter e Cicely Tyson to galle daneejo

Hooreejo leydi Shagari jokki politik leydi Naajeeriya gila 1960, tawi ko Afrik woni ko e dow mum. Kanko Shagari o wonaa keso e jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ngam o ardii delegaasiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya gila nde o heɓi ndimaagu makko. Hooreejo leydi makko ina daraninoo e waɗde golle tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Afrik worgo e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Sammbi e Zimbaabwee. Hare ndimaagu ko golle ɗe hooreejo leydi Shagari foti waɗde. O waɗii laabi keewɗi darnde makko e kala nokku ɗo o woni ɗoo, haa arti noon e njilluuji makko to leydi Angalteer e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Jimmy Carter, jaarnoo mo e jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee. Koolol hakkunde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Shagari e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Margaret Thatcher ina hollita wonde o waɗii tiiɗnaare mawnde e Angalteer ko fayti e jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee haa arti noon e risk jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee.

Shagari ina salminaa e Seneraal Archer Durham to nokku ɗo konu Andrews woni ɗoo, nde o ari e njillu.

Joɗnde Fuɗnaange-Fuɗnaange to Cancun, Oktoobar 1981

E hitaande 1980, e nder mawningol jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee, hooreejo leydi ndii hono Shagari fodaniino 15 miliyoŋ dolaar e nder mawningol ngol ngam jannginde Zimbaabwee en wonɓe to Zimbaabwee e wonɓe e leyɗeele goɗɗe to leydi Nijeer. Laamu Mugaabe huutoriima feccere e ngalu nguu ngam soodde sosiyateeji jaayɗe jeyaaɗi e Afrik worgonaaɓe, ɗum ɓeydi doole laamu nguu e jaayɗe. Heddii ko e jannginde almudɓe e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya, gollotooɓe e laamu to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde (College des staffs) Naajeeriya to Badagry, e sooje en to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Kaduna. E darorɗe hitaande ndee, Mugabe yamiri ciimtol BBC ko faati e ndimaagu jaayɗe to Zimbaabwee. BBC yaltinii ciimtol mum ñalnde 26 lewru nduu, ina wasiyoo yo fedde jaayndeyaagal Zimbaabwee ndee waɗtu jeytaare mum e nafooje politik.

Shagari kadi waɗii eɓɓooje ngam sosde jokkondiral hakkunde Naajeeriya e Afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe e nder njilluuji mum to Amerik. To Harlem ɗo o adii yillaade e jaɓɓaade ñalngu ardiiɓe ɓaleeɓe, o noddii wonde ina haani jokkondiral faggudu e afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe. Kono caggal wooteeji mawɗi Amerik e hitaande 1980 ɗi ngaddi hooreejo leydi ndi hono Ronald Reagan, jokkondiral hakkunde Nijeer e Amerik heɓiino ŋakkere haa teeŋti noon e sahaa nde Nijeer salii jeyeede e Olimpiyaaji 1980 ɗi Nijeer salii jeyeede heen. Hooreejo leydi Shagari ɗon semmbiɗina dow jogaago siyaasaaku Naajeeriya dow ko laarani limngal lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nasti nder fijirde Olympic lesdi Russiya koo ngam hukuumaaji pamari Carter neldi boxer mawɗo Mohammed Ali haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Shagari salii yiyde Mohammed Ali e nder njillu mum lobbo.

Naajeeriya ina joginoo luural keeri hakkunde mum e leydi Caad e leydi Kameruun, ɗum noon ko ɗum fotnoo arde e ngonka wolde kono Shagari reentini ɗum e hakkille. Laamu Shagari ko balloowo mawɗo CEDEAO, rokki ɗum nokku ngam mahde galle laamorɗo mum to Abuja. Kono hay so laamu Shagari waɗii jam e hoɗdiiɓe mum, ngu riiwti yimɓe ɓe ngalaa kaayitaaji, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Ganaa en e hitaande 1983. Hay so tawii ko Naajeeriyankooɓe njiɗi ɗum, golle ɗee ina keewi ñiŋeede e nder miijooji. Nde anndiraa ko Ghana Must Go, woni riiwtude yimɓe Afrik hirnaange ummoriiɓe leydi Najeriya.

== Gagga Republique ɗiɗaɓere ==
Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1983 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1983–1985)

Shagari dañii manndaa ɗiɗaɓo duuɓi nay e hitaande 1983, o dañii nafoore e wooteeji mawɗi hade makko foolde laamu, o nanngaa e juuɗe Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari e nder kuudetaa konu ñalnde 31 lewru Duujal hitaande 1983.

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==

== Wade ==
Ñalnde 28 lewru Duujal hitaande 2018, hedde waktu 18ɓo e feccere kikiiɗe, Shehu Shagari maayi ko e rafi seeɗa to opitaal ngenndiwal, Abuja, ɗo o naati e safaara hade makko maayde. Ko taaniiko Bello Bala Shagari e guwerneer Tambuwal tabitini ɗum e nder tweets nannduɗi e mum e sahaa maayde makko.

== Dewgal ==
Shehu Shagari resi rewɓe tato: Amina, Aisha, e Hadiza Shagari. Omo jibini ɓiɓɓe heewɓe, ina heen Muhammadu Bala Shagari e Aminu Shehu Shagari. Ñalnde 24 ut 2001, Aisha sankii to opitaal Londres caggal rafi seeɗa. O mari duuɓi 49.Hadiza maayi bee duuɓi 80 ngam nyawu COVID-19 haa Abuja nyande 12 lewru Ogost 2021.

== Defte ==
Noddaama ngam golloraade (Taariindi nguurndam)

Caɗeele waylo-waylo (Koolol konnguɗi)

Wakar nijeriya ko jimɗi leydi nijeriya (yimre)

Usmaan Dan Fodio: Teori e gollal ardorde makko

Yiide am ngam Naajeeriya

== Ƴeew kadi ==
portal Nijeer bannge

Kabinee Shehu Shagari

Doggol hooreeɓe leydi Naajeeriya

== Sokotoo ==

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'''Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari GCFR''' (hausa pronunciation; 25 feebariyee 1925 – 28 lewru desaambar 2018) ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya mo woni hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gadano suɓaaɗo e dow demokaraasi, caggal nde hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo hokki laamu nguu e hitaande 1979..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 January 2019|title=Shehu Shagari obituary|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary|access-date=24 February 2022|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=22 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922114757/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O golliima seeɗa e jannginoowo hade makko naatde e politik e hitaande 1951 ; e o suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji hitaande 1954. E wakkatiiji feere-feere hakkunde hitaande 1958 rewrude e ndimu leydi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960 e hitaande 1975, o jogi kuugal kabine bana komisinaajo lesdi Naajeeriya. E nder ɗeen balɗe, Shagari waɗii darnde mawnde e nder fannuuji keewɗi e faggudu leydi Najeriya. Ko o jaagorgal golle, o waɗii darnde tiiɗnde e ƴellitaare gollorɗe. Ko o ministaajo ƴellitaare faggudu, o waɗii nafoore mawnde e yuɓɓinde peeje faggudu leydi Naajeeriya caggal jeytaare mum, kadi ko o Komisinaajo Fedde nde (hannde ko ministaajo) ngam kaalis, o ardiima udditgol Naira. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o ardii ƴellitaare faggudu, yaajnude gollorɗe, e ƴellitde gollorɗe, o yamiri Ajaokuta Steel Mill, eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude e nder Afrik, ngam waɗde njuɓɓudi ƴellitaare gollorɗe leydi Najeriya. Njuɓɓudi makko ina wondi e caɗeele, haa arti noon e ŋakkeende faggudu e ŋakkeende kisal politik. Laamu makko joofi ko e kuudetaa konu e hitaande 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;Premium Times&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Solomonov|first=M.|date=2 September 2022|title=Nigeria to pay $496 million to settle Indian firm's claim over Ajaokuta steel|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/business/business-news/552308-nigeria-to-pay-496-million-to-settle-indian-firms-claim-over-ajaokuta-steel.html?tztc=1|access-date=14 May 2017|archive-date=25 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425114727/https://yen.com.gh/16384-ghana-must-go-exodus-nigeria-remembered.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duuɓi gadani ==
Shehu Usmaan Shagari jibinaa ko ñalnde 25 feebariyee 1925 to Shagari e galle fulɓe juulɓe sunnit en. Wuro Shagari sosinnoo ngo ko mawniiko biyeteeɗo Ahmadu Rufa’i. O mawni ko e galle jom rewɓe heewɓe, ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo jeegom jibinaaɗo e nder galle hee. Baaba makko biyeteeɗo Aliyu Shagari ko Magajin Shagari (magaji firti ko hooreejo wuro). Ko adii nde o wontata Magajin Shagari, Aliyu ko demoowo, njulaagu, duroowo. Kono, sabu laabi aadaaji haɗnooɗi laamɓe tawtoreede njulaagu, Aliyu woppii yoga e nafooje mum njulaagu nde o wonti Magaji. Aliyu maayi duuɓi jowi caggal jibineede Shehu, mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Bello, ƴetti mantol baaba mum e nder dumunna juutɗo, hono Magajin Shagari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shehu Shagari {{!}} president of Nigeria {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Shehu-Shagari|access-date=27 March 2022|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|archive-date=22 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922114640/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Shehu-Shagari|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Obotetukudo|first1=Solomon Williams|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R54bWf5_siEC&amp;dq=Shehu+Shagari+1925&amp;pg=PA76|title=Profile of Shehu Shagari|date=2011|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing PLC|isbn=978-0-7618-5274-2|access-date=16 March 2023|archive-date=22 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922114642/https://books.google.com/books?id=R54bWf5_siEC&amp;dq=Shehu+Shagari+1925&amp;pg=PA76#v=onepage&amp;q=Shehu%20Shagari%201925&amp;f=false|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/index.php/content/view/8612/55|title=Alhaji Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari, GCFR, @ 83|last=Nuhu-Koko|first=Abubakar Atiku|date=26 February 2008|work=Daily Triumph (Kano)|access-date=26 February 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227185234/http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/index.php/content/view/8612/55|archive-date=27 February 2008|publisher=[[Triumph Publishing]] Company Limited, via nigeriavillagesquare.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Biography of Shehu Shagari; Ex-President; Politician; Sokoto State Celebrity.|url=http://biography.hi7.co/biography-of-shehu-shagari--ex-president--politician--sokoto-state-celebrity--56651e176e3f7.html|access-date=27 March 2022|website=biography.hi7.co|archive-date=22 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922114647/http://biography.hi7.co/biography-of-shehu-shagari--ex-president--politician--sokoto-state-celebrity--56651e176e3f7.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Shag Bio&quot;&gt;''Shehu Shagari, Beckoned To Serve:An Autobiography''.&lt;/ref&gt;

Shagari fuɗɗii jaŋde mum ko e duɗal Quraana, caggal ɗuum o yahi o hoɗi e banndiraaɓe makko to wuro saraaji mum, ɗo o naati duɗal leslesal Yabo tuggi 1931 haa 1935. E hitaande 1936–1940, o yahi Sokoto ngam janngude hakkundeere, caggal ɗuum tuggi 1941 haa 1944 o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa. Hakkunde 1944 e 1952, Shagari heɓi bak mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe, to Zaria, Kaduna, to leydi Nijeer. Tuggi 1953 haa 1958, Shagari heɓi golle jannginoowo njillu to diiwaan Sokoto. O woniino kadi tergal e Yiilirde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe gila 1954 haa 1958.

== Fuɗɗoode golle politik ==

== Naatgol e dawrugol ==
Shehu Usman Shagari naati nder siyaasaaku nder hitaande 1951 nde o laati hooreejo kawtal yimɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya haa Sokoto, lesdi Naajeeriya, kuugal ngal o jogi haa hitaande 1956. Ammaa kuuɗe maako siyaasaaku arandeeji fuɗɗi nder hitaande 1945, nde o woni jannginoowo o sosi fedde sukaaɓe wiyeteende secretary i Sokoto Social be Circle. Fedde nde wonti gooto e pelle tokoose ɗe kawri ngam jeyeede e fedde yimɓe worgo (NPC), sosaande e hitaande 1948.

E hitaande 1948, nde Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe mo NCNC woni e njillu mum e nder leydi Najeriya ngam dañde kaalis ngam neldude delegaasiyoŋ to Londres ngam ɗaɓɓude e Ofis Koloñaal yo woppu doosɗe leydi Richard nde tawnoo ko nde demokaraasi, Shehu Shagari mo nganndu-ɗaa ko jannguɗo no feewi deftere Pilot Afrik-Hirnaange ko kanko tan woni gorko gooto to Sokoto meeting e ooɗoo iwdi Sokoto. Nde ofisee jaŋde diiwaan Angalteer humpitaa wonde Shagari arii, ɓeydagol njoɓdi makko joɗɗinaama e oon hitaande ngam waɗde ɗum ñaawoore.

Pilot Afrik worgo oo haɗaama e nder duɗe diiwaan worgo oo, Shagari winndi ɗum winndannde ngam umminde ɗum e hitaande 1948. E oon sahaa gooto, Shagari fuɗɗinooma daranaade yaltugol laamu koloñaal nde o yaltini deftere Hausa ina joginoo jimɗi ɗe o inniri &quot;Anti Colonialist in&quot;. E hitaande 1950, Shagari, suka jannginoowo jahroowo e duuɓi 25, suɓaama e gardagol ofisee diiwaan Angalteer biyeteeɗo H.A.S Johnson ngam tawtoreede batu Ibadan ngam yeewtidde e doosgal leydi Richards.

== Suɓngo parlemaa ==
E hitaande 1954, Shehu Shagari suɓaama e nder laamu mum gadano, o woni tergal suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde ngam Sokoto bannge worgo. E hitaande 1958, Shagari toɗɗaa koolaaɗo kuuɓal parlemaa (o woppi golle ɗee ko e hitaande 1959) to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer, hono Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, e ndeen hitaande kadi o woni jaagorde fedde nde to bannge njulaagu e gollorɗe.

== Toɗɗagol jaagorɗe ==
Tuggi 1959 haa 1960, Shagari woni jaagorɗo fedde nde ngam ɓamtaare faggudu leydi Naajeeriya jeytaare, ɗo jaagorgal makko woni e ƴettude peeje ƴellitaare 1962–1968. Ko ministeer ƴellitaare faggudu Shagari halfinaa kadi sosde Goomu ƴellitaare Niiseer-Delta. Tuggi 1960 haa 1962, o woni jaagorde pension lesdi ndi'i, nden o hoosi kuugal Najeeriyanisaasiyoŋ kuugal laamu. Tuggi 1962 haa 1965, Shagari waɗtaa jaagorgal nder leydi fedde nde. Gila 1965 haa kuudetaa militeer gadano e lewru Yarkomaa 1966, Shagari wonnoo ko jaagorgal fedde ndee e golle, o waɗii eɓɓooji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi, ina jeyaa heen Pont Eko Lagos, ko ɗum woni kontaraaji mawɗi gadani ɗi fedde mahdi Almaañnaajo Julius Berger to Nijeer, e timminde Pont Niger mo Minister96 Prime6r yamiri e hitaande 1966 Baleewa. E hitaande 1967, o toɗɗaa sekreteruuji ngam ƴellitde jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto. Tuggi 1968 haa 1969, Shagari hokkaama darnde dowla nder diiwal Fuunaange-rewo, o woni Komiseriyaa dowlaaji.

Shagari (hakkunde) e hooreejo leydi Tafawa Balewa mo keɓata defte keewɗe ummoraade e annduɗo ko faati e neɗɗaagu Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Melville J. Herskovits to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hirnaange-rewo e hitaande 1961

Ko o tergal Parlemaa e jaagorgal fedde nde, Shagari ardiima, o jeyaa ko e misiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya caggal leydi. Ko o jaagorgal ƴellitaare faggudu, o woniino tergal e delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to batu Tangiers to Komisiyoŋ Faggudu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Afrik (ECA), tawi ko jaagorgal kaalis mawɗo Festus Okotie Eboh ardii ɗum. E hitaande 1961, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo, mawninde duuɓi sappo jeytaare leydi Libi. E hitaande ndee tan, o woniino e batu jaagorɗe GATT to Geneve, ɗo o ƴetti haala Fedde Faggudu Orop (ECC) ngam ƴellitde leyɗeele Afrik hono Nijeer ɗe ngonaano e oon sahaa, jokkondirɗe e EEC. E ndeen hitaande kadi, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ to batu parlemaa Commonwealth (CPA) to Londres. O woni hooreejo batu CPA garoowo yuɓɓinaangu to Lagos hakkunde oktoobar e noowammbar 1962.

E hitaande 1962, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo e batu ECA to Addis Abeba haa batu tataɓo komisiyoŋ oo, ko adii fof ko Nijeer tawtoraama e nder tergal timmungal ɗo o wiyi e semmbe ngam ƴellitde cogguuli geɗe nguura. E hitaande 1963, Shagari woni nulaaɗo leydi Najeriya e batu CPA to Kuala Lumpur. Ndeen e lewru desaambar 1965, nde Ian Smith waɗi bayyinaango jeytaare leydi ngootiri, Shehu Shagari tawtoraama batu CPA to Wellington, Nuwel Selannde ɗo o ñiŋi, o waɗi heen bayyinaango laaɓtungo e bayyinaango Ian Smith ngoo. E nder batu gooto. Shagari hollitii kadi mettere mum e Rodesi hannde Zimbaabwee, ɗo o ñiŋi politik koloñaal Angalteer e no o jogori jogaade ngonka Rodesi. Haala Shehu Shagari e nder batu CPA ina maantiniri no feewi, ina yaaji no feewi, haa o dañii njettoor keewɗo e juuɗe nulaaɓe woɗɓe. Shehu Shagari waɗii batte mawɗe e politik e laamu mum.

O waɗii kadi tiitoonde e nder jaaynde wiyeteende Christchurch Star to leydi Nuwel Selannde ñalnde 4 desaambar 1965, e jaaynde wiyeteende The Morning Post to Wellington.

Shagari (rowre caggal to bannge ñaamo) to galle laamorɗo Amerik e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Abubakar Tafawa Balewa e hooreejo leydi Amerik John F. Kennedy (1961)

O ardiima kadi delegaasiyoŋ to joɗnde adannde Goomu renndo faggudu faggudu Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OUA). Shagari kadi woniino wakilto gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii e sahaaji ceertuɗi, haa arti noon e nde hooreejo leydi Ejipt, hono Gamal Abdel Nasser, noddi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Najeriya, hono Abubakar, ngam ƴeewtaade peeje kisal leydi Ejipt. O lomtiima kadi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Tafawa Balewa e wirwirnde Winston Churchill.

== Ko adii hooreejo leydi ==

== Falnde Republique gadano ==
Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer 1966 e kuudetaa Nijeer 1966

Caggal kuudetaa leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1966, Shagari ina jeyaa e ardiiɓe laamu nguu, ɓe ndokki laamu nguu e juuɗe ardorde konu leydi ndii, hono Maj. Gen. Aguiyi Ironsi. O arti Sokoto ngam ɓamtude jaŋde. O wonii gardiiɗo fedde ƴellitaare jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto e hitaande 1967, ɗo o mahi duɗe diiwaan keewɗe. Caggal mum o toɗɗaama Komiseer Sosiyetee e Heblo kadi o golliima seeɗa e Komiseer Jaŋde e nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Fuɗnaange-rewo ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, hade makko noddaade ngam golloraade e les laamu konu fedde nde, hono Gen. Yakubu Gowon.

== Jaagorgal caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ==
Caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, tuggi 1970 haa 1971, Shagari toɗɗaama e juuɗe hooreejo konu leydi ndii, Seneraal Yakubu Gowon, ngam wonde komisinaajo fedde nde ngam ƴellitaare faggudu, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol golle ngam waɗde politik nanondiral laamu Gowon. Shagari fuɗɗii mahde e moƴƴitinde duɗe, opitaaluuji, e gollorɗe goɗɗe to Fuɗnaange-rewo. O ƴetti kadi golle ngam waawde wallude yimɓe Fuɗnaange-rewo ngam ɓe ngarta e golle laamu nde o woni e yeewtidde e makko ngam yoɓde kasoo politik Biafran caggal nde ɓataake mo Pius Okigbo winndi mo, o soodaa e makko e nder kasooji Enugu.

Tuggi 1971 haa 1975 o wonii komisariyaajo fedde (darnde wiyeteende hannde ministeer) to bannge kaalis. Wakkati o laati komisinaajo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya, Shagari laati kadi guwerneer Banki Duniyaaru, nden o ɗonno nder goomu ceede lesdi Naajeeriya (FMI) mo yimɓe cappanɗe ɗiɗi. Shagari bana jaagorɗo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya kadi o ɗon mari ceede lesdi Naajeeriya naira. E hitaande 1976, Shagari fuɗɗii fedde wiyeteende Nigeria Trust Fund to Banke Afrik ngam ƴellitaare, tawi ko 100 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam wallitde leyɗeele Afrik miskineeɓe ngam wallitde yoga e eɓɓooji mum en ƴellitaare.

Ko o jaagorgal e les njiimaandi Gowon, Shagari ƴetti kadi golle jam ngam haɓaade Julius Nyerere mo Tansani e Idi Amin mo Uganndaa ngam haɗde wolde Uganndaa e Tansani e ittude konu mum en e keeri (SUDA), e nder ɗuum o fuɗɗii mahde Luumo Sokoto Modern. E nder mbayliigu laamuuji nokkuuji e les njiimaandi laamu ngu Obasanjo ardii. Shagari suɓaama ngam wonde jaagorgal laamu nokku Yabo e hitaande 1976.

== Suɓngo hooreejo leydi ==
Winndannde mawnde: Republique Nijeer ɗiɗaɓere

Caggal ɗuum, o golliima e batu doosɗe leydi 1977–1978, ƴettuɗo doosɗe leydi 1979. E hitaande 1978, Shehu Shagari wonnoo ko tergal sosngal lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer. E hitaande 1979 Shagari suɓaama e lannda kaa ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e wooteeji gardagol leydi e ndeen hitaande, ɗi o heɓi e wooteeji 1979 e ballal gardiiɗo kampaañ makko, hono Umaru Dikko. Kampaañ oo ina joginoo ballal politikaaji keewɗi mawɗi to Fuɗnaange e nder leƴƴi pamari to bannge worgo. Motto lanyol ngol woni &quot;Leñol gootel, Daarol Gootel&quot; ngol yi'aama bana lanyol ɓurngol wallugo ɗuuɗal lesdi Naajeeriya.

== Hooreejo leydi ==
Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya

== Faggudu ==
E nder boom petroŋ, Shagari waɗi ndema, njulaagu, galleeji e yah-ngartaa ko paandaale faggudu mawɗe njuɓɓudi laamu mum.

== Ndemri ==
Laamu Shagari fuɗɗii &quot;Revolution verte&quot;, renndinde aawdi e ñamri e remooɓe ngam ɓeydude ngalu leydi ndii fof e nder ndema, E nder ndema. Faandaare ndee wonnoo ko ƴellitde kuutoragol masiŋaaji mekanik e nder ndema. Ndee eɓɓaande ina weltini remooɓe mawɓe ngam waawde feewnude geɗe keewɗe. O yamiri kadi baraas Bakalori e nder diiwaan Sokoto, e diiwaan Caad fombina, e diiwaan Borno, baraas Kafin Zaki e nder diiwaan Bauchi, baraas maayo Ogun, e diiwaan Ogun, baraas Dadin Kowa e nder diiwaan Bauchi, baraas Goronyo e nder diiwaan Sokoto, e baraas Zobe, e nder diiwaan Kastina.

== Kuugal ==

== Miijo njamndi Ajaokuta ==
E hitaande 1980, e ngalu petroŋ, Shagari joofni mahngo refineeri Kaduna, fuɗɗii golle e ndeen hitaande. Kadi e ngalu petroŋ, Shagari fuɗɗii mahngo Ajaokuta Steel Mill mo fotnoo timmude e hitaande 1983. Ko eɓɓaande ɓurnde mawnude e eɓɓaande steel nde meeɗaa fuɗɗaade e Afrik e sahaa mahngo mum. Koolol njamndi ngol noddiraa ko &quot;kaaƴe gonɗe e njulaagu leydi Najeriya&quot;.

Shagari timmini kuugal njamndi Delta nder hitaande 1982. Haa hitaande 1983, Shagari sosi sosiyetee limngal aluminium lesdi Naajeeriya haa Ikot Abasi. Mills Rolling Steel tati goɗɗi ɗo mahaa, ina jeyaa heen ɗi Osogbo, Katsina e Jos. Kono Shagari ustii geɗal royalties petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi gila e 30 haa 2 e nder teemedere. Shagari sosi kadi Duɗal janngingol petroŋ.

Wonno kadi ko gollorɗe otooji ko wayi no ANAMMCO to Anambra ɗe ndarnaa e hitaande 1980, gollorɗe mooɓondiral Volkswagen to diiwaan Oyo, otooji Peugeot to diiwaan Kaduna, FIAT to diiwaan Kano e Styer to diiwaan Bauchi.

== Koɗki ==
To bannge galleeji, Shagari ina joginoo faandaare mahde 200 000 galle, kono haa lewru suwee 1983, ko ujunnaaje capanɗe tati (32 000) galle tan njoofi. Fuu e ŋakkeende mum, ko ɗum eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude nde Naajeeriya meeɗi yiyde e nder galleeji laamu.

== Hortol ==
Laana ndiwoowa Nigeria (jooni ɗon mari duuɓi) yi'i duuɓi maako kaŋŋe wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓre les lesdi Shehu Shagari

E nder yah-ngartaa, o udditi laawol ɗuuɗngol nder lesdi ndi'i hawtaade e ngol yahdugo haa laamorde lesdi ndi'i, Abuja. Laabi goɗɗi teskinɗi peewnaaɗi ko wayi no : Badagry-Sokoto, Lagos-Kano, Port Harcourt-Enugu, Kano-Bauchi, Warri-Okene, Abuja-Kaduna, Calabar-Ikom, Yola-Maiduguri, Mokwa-Jidda, Abuja-Keffi, Effurun-Katsibia-Patanii e Effurun-Katsibia-Patanii Potiskum-Mayduguri.

Shagari kadi mahii e moƴƴinii won e portooji maayo ina jeyaa heen Porto Sapele e fuɗɗoraade Port Harcourt Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Portooji nder leydi kadi mahaa e jamaanu kadi porto maayo keso yamiraama to Onitsha e porto maayo goɗɗo jamaanu ngam golloraade Ajaokuta Steel Mill.

To bannge diwooje, Shagari sosi ministeer diwooje, mahii diwooje tati to Minna, Bauchi e Akure. Piirooji kesi kadi keɓaama ngam Naajeeriya Airways ina heen laanaaji diwooje Boeing 737s 8 e laanaaji diwooje 4 Airbus A310s ɗi Naajeeriya ɓuri jogaade laylaytol diwooje ɓurngol mawnude e nder Afrik.

== Kaalis ==
Doggol coggu petrol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1981, toɗɗii kaalis laamu leydi Najeriya. Shagari « salii jaɓɓaade » njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi ummoraade e FMI e Banke Adunaajo nde kiris oo yahrata yeeso, o fuɗɗii kadi Porogaraam ngam dartinde faggudu ngam wallitde reende leydi ndii e jippagol tiiɗngol gila e tolnooji toowɗi gadani ɗii e kitaale 1970 e ƴellitde faggudu nduu feewde e ɓeydagol moƴƴol. Faandaare mawnde eɓɓaande ndee ko ustude lisaasuuji naatgol, ustude njoɓdi laamu, e ɓeydude njoɓɗeele doosɗe. Kono njeñtudi porogaraam dartingol ngol ina famɗi.

== Korsa e Tiɗnaare Haɓaade Korsa ==
Hay so tawii Shehu Shagari woppitaama e hoore mum e golle bonɗe, Republique ɗiɗmo oo ina wondi e tuumeede fenaande, haa arti noon e tuumeede fenaande woote e wooteeji 1983. Ɗumɗoon noon, yantude e ustaare coggu petroŋ winndere ndee, e bonnugol kaalis ngenndi, caɗeele, addani laamu nguu waasde yiɗde ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii no feewi.

Kono hade makko ittude e laamu, e manndaa makko ɗiɗmo, Shagari waɗii eɓɓooje ngam haɓaade fenaande rewrude e ministeer keso toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njuɓɓudi ngenndiwal e gardagol Yusuf Maitama Sule, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko ɗuum tan sosaa. Taskaram kesum fuɗɗaama wi'eteeɗum Ethical Revolution ko mari hare mawnde ngam haɓugo bee ɓilla lesdi Gen. Muhammadu Buhari nder Eɓɓooje maako. Jaagorgal ngal duumiima tan ko lebbi tati hade kuudetaa 1983. E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo juutɗo, Shagari joginoo tan ko 7 e nder 45 jaagorɗe laamu ɓennungu nguu ngam hollirde darnde mum e haɓaade fenaande. Kono ɗuum jaɓaani junngo militeer en ƴettuɗo laamu nguu.

== E nder laamu ==

== E duuɓi tokoosi. ==
Laamu Shagari waɗii nafooje keewɗe e jaŋde. E nder manndaa makko duuɓi nay, ɓeydagol mawngol waɗii e duɗe hakkundeeje, jannginooɓe e duɗe janngirɗe kolees ɓeydiima. E hitaande 1981 kampaañ jaŋde mawnde fuɗɗii, e hitaande 1982, jaŋde 6–3–3–5 fuɗɗii. Laamu Shagari kadi mahii duɗe janngirɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Najeriya. Jaaɓihaaɗtirdeeji kesi karallaagal ɗo sosaa e nder diiwanuuji Bauchi, Benue, Adamawa, Ondo, Imo, e Osun. Ɓe ngoni Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Karallaagal Yola; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Akure; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Owerri; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Minna; Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ndema fedde nde, Abeokuta ; e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Abuubakar taafawa balewa. Laamu Shagari kadi ƴettii koleesuuji jaŋde goɗɗi jeeɗiɗi gonɗi hannde ɗii, mbaɗti ɗum en duɗe dokkuɗe dipolomaaji to Abraka, Ondo, Kano, Ado Ekiti, Bidda, Port Harcourt, e Zaria e kadi sosde politeknikuuji goɗɗi jeetati fedde nde to Ado Ekiti, Bidda, Bauchi, Idah, Uwana e Yofiklapo). Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Federal Open of Nigeria kadi sosaa ko e sahaa nde laamu Shagari joofi e hitaande 1981. Kadi ina rokka bursiiji ngam janngooɓe caggal leydi.

E nder kampaañ makko, Shagari suɓii debbo gooto ummoriiɗo to diiwaan Imo ngam wonde kanndidaa makko, ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi makko. Ammaa o sali ɓaawo o jaɓi ko adii, ngam soynde ballal hukuumaaji lesdi Naajeeriya haa Fombina-Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya to tikket cukko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya zoned to, ɗum woni ko ɓuri ɓadaaki rewɓe Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɗum fof e wayde noon, jaagorɗe e dipolomaat en rewɓe adanɓe e nder leydi Najeriya ko Shagari toɗɗii ɗum en. O toɗɗii Ebun Oyagbola yo won jaagorgal ko feewti e peewnugol leydi, caggal ɗuum o wonti ammbasadeer to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik to Panama, Kosta Rika e Guatemala e Mrs Janet Akinrinade yo won jaagorgal nder leydi e jaagorɗe ɗiɗi goɗɗe rewɓe Mrs Asinobi e Mrs Ivasi. Ko noon kadi, Mrs Elizabeth Ogbon toɗɗaama konsul mawɗo to Hamburg Almaañ, Mrs R Mohammed woni ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to Bostwana e Zimbaabwee. Nde tawnoo sukaaɓe heewɓe ina njokkondiri e laamu Shagari e jaagorɗe e wasiyaaji. Ina jeyaa e ɓurɓe anndeede ɓee, Prof. Pat Utomi, mo duuɓi 29 nde o toɗɗaa jaagorgal faggudu. Jaagorɗe toɗɗaaɗe e nder duuɓi mum en njahrata ko e duuɓi 30 ko Audu Innocent Ogbeh (32) e Bello Maitama Yusuf (34). Heewɓe e jaagorɗe kabine ɗee ina njogii duuɓi 50 les.

== Geɗe ngenndiije ==

== NNS AARADU ==

== Ƴellitaare konu ==
Laamu Shagari nguu duuɓi gooti yi’i ɓeydagol jaawngol e mbaawkaaji konu leydi Naajeeriya. Naajeeriya heɓi ko ɓuri heewde e kaɓirɗe mum softuɗe e ooɗoo sahaa haa e ƴellitgol e keɓgol ko ɓooyaani koo. Sodeede konu e les njiimaandi Shagari ina heddii e ɓurde toowde e nder daartol leydi Najeriya. Ina jeyaa heen laanaaji diwooje alfa, laanaaji diwooje MIG, laanaaji diwooje 3 C-130H-30 Hercules, laanaaji diwooje elikopteeruuji e ko nanndi heen. NNS Aradu (F89) woni laanawol ɓurngol softugo nder konu ndiyam Naajeeriya heɓaama wakkati maako.

== Maitatsine e Kano 1980 fitina ==
Binndanɗe mawɗe : Maitatsine e fitina Kano 1980

Fitinaaji Kano 1980 ko fitinaaji to Kano, leydi Nijeer, tawi ko Maitatsine, waajotooɗo seernaaɓe, e wondiiɓe mum ardii ɗum. Ko ngol woni go’o ko hare mawnde diine e nder Kano caggal koloñaal. Ko ina ɓura 4 177 siwil, 100 polis e fotde 35 militeer mbaraama, tawi heen Maitatsine e hoore mum, ina heewi siforeede ko fuɗɗoode Yan Tatsine. Sabu ɗuum, won miijo yaajngo wonde kisal e faggudu leydi Najeriya ina hulɓinii e juuɗe yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leyɗeele goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje, kadi ngool miijo ina ɓeydoo tiiɗde sabu yimɓe woɗɓe Afrik hirnaange mballitii e njulaagu nguu. Jaagorgal ko feewti e leydi Niger, Caad, Kamerun, Mali e Burkina Faso wondude e ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 juulɓe Naajeeriya mbaraama ko ina tolnoo e 100 poliseeɓe, ɓe ngañii heen 100 poliseeɓe. Konu nodditaa, ustii ngonka ka hade fanatik en ɓee ƴattaade leydi ndii. Kono tan, lowre laamu hollitii wonde ko alɗuɓe ɓe ngonaa laamuyankooɓe ngaddi caɗeele ɗee.

== Riiwtude eggooɓe ==
Winndannde mawnde: Riiwtude yimɓe Afrik hirnaange ummoriiɓe leydi Nijeer

E hitaande 1983, Shagari yaltini yamiroore kuuɓtodinnde, yamiri eggooɓe ɓe ngalaa kaayitaaji immigration laaɓtuɗi yo njaltu leydi ndii, so wonaa ɗuum ɓe nanngee no sariya yamiri nii. Yamiroore ndee ko ngam jaabaade jiiɓru diineeji baɗnooɗi e nokkuuji leydi ndii e hitaande 1980 (Kano 1980 Riots) e hitaande 1981. Ko ɓuri heewde e eggooɓe ɓee ko Afriknaaɓe hirnaange, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Ganaanaaɓe. Ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi worɓe e rewɓe e sukaaɓe ngoni heen.

== Teritorium Laamorde Fedde nde ==
Ko adii nde Shagari artata, Abuja ko leydi mboɗeeri tan, ndi alaa ƴellitaare. Shehu Shagari waɗii njuɓɓudi gadani wuro keso ngoo, gadano oo ko laawol ummoraade Suleja haa nokku ɗo laamorgo ngoo woni ɗoo. Ko heddii e golle ɗee ko kuuraa, ndiyam, e laabi.

== Usmaan Dam Abuja ==
Baraas Usman mahaa ko e hitaande 1980, ko ngam heblude haajuuji ndiyam wuro ngo. Wuro ngoo kadi ina jokkondiri e laylaytol ngenndiwal e oon sahaa. Kadi laawol kesol ngol laana ndiwoowa waɗaama ngol jooni moƴƴinaama, ngol ɓeydaama no laamorgo hakkunde leyɗeele Nnamdi Azikiwe. Infrastructures goɗɗe ina mbaɗi 5,000 galleeji ngam gollotooɓe e fedde nde, sekretariat suudu laamu e suudu hoɗɓe hooreejo leydi (Aguda House), suudu laamu, Asamblee ngenndiijo e juulirɗe ngenndiije kadi ina mahaa, oteluuji 3 koode joy, duɗe, opitaaluuji, mahdiiji goɗɗi e won e laawol mawngol feewde e nder wuro Shagari ina ngondi e golle.

E hitaande 1983, Abuja wonti wuro gollorngo ngo batuuji diisnondiral e mawningol ngenndiwal mbaɗata toon. Nde Shagari ittaa, o woni ko e wuro ngam siwtaare. Abuja laati gila nden wuro mawngo, jooni laati laamorde lesdi Naajeeriya. Abuja siforiima no eɓɓoore wootere ɓurnde yuumtude e nder teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko architecte mawɗo biyeteeɗo Nnamdi Elleh siforii ɗum.

== Geɗe caggal leydi ==
Hooreejo leydi Shagari e wonndude e hooreejo leydi Jimmy Carter e Cicely Tyson to galle daneejo

Hooreejo leydi Shagari jokki politik leydi Naajeeriya gila 1960, tawi ko Afrik woni ko e dow mum. Kanko Shagari o wonaa keso e jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ngam o ardii delegaasiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya gila nde o heɓi ndimaagu makko. Hooreejo leydi makko ina daraninoo e waɗde golle tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Afrik worgo e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Sammbi e Zimbaabwee. Hare ndimaagu ko golle ɗe hooreejo leydi Shagari foti waɗde. O waɗii laabi keewɗi darnde makko e kala nokku ɗo o woni ɗoo, haa arti noon e njilluuji makko to leydi Angalteer e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Jimmy Carter, jaarnoo mo e jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee. Koolol hakkunde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Shagari e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Margaret Thatcher ina hollita wonde o waɗii tiiɗnaare mawnde e Angalteer ko fayti e jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee haa arti noon e risk jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee.

Shagari ina salminaa e Seneraal Archer Durham to nokku ɗo konu Andrews woni ɗoo, nde o ari e njillu.

Joɗnde Fuɗnaange-Fuɗnaange to Cancun, Oktoobar 1981

E hitaande 1980, e nder mawningol jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee, hooreejo leydi ndii hono Shagari fodaniino 15 miliyoŋ dolaar e nder mawningol ngol ngam jannginde Zimbaabwee en wonɓe to Zimbaabwee e wonɓe e leyɗeele goɗɗe to leydi Nijeer. Laamu Mugaabe huutoriima feccere e ngalu nguu ngam soodde sosiyateeji jaayɗe jeyaaɗi e Afrik worgonaaɓe, ɗum ɓeydi doole laamu nguu e jaayɗe. Heddii ko e jannginde almudɓe e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya, gollotooɓe e laamu to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde (College des staffs) Naajeeriya to Badagry, e sooje en to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Kaduna. E darorɗe hitaande ndee, Mugabe yamiri ciimtol BBC ko faati e ndimaagu jaayɗe to Zimbaabwee. BBC yaltinii ciimtol mum ñalnde 26 lewru nduu, ina wasiyoo yo fedde jaayndeyaagal Zimbaabwee ndee waɗtu jeytaare mum e nafooje politik.

Shagari kadi waɗii eɓɓooje ngam sosde jokkondiral hakkunde Naajeeriya e Afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe e nder njilluuji mum to Amerik. To Harlem ɗo o adii yillaade e jaɓɓaade ñalngu ardiiɓe ɓaleeɓe, o noddii wonde ina haani jokkondiral faggudu e afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe. Kono caggal wooteeji mawɗi Amerik e hitaande 1980 ɗi ngaddi hooreejo leydi ndi hono Ronald Reagan, jokkondiral hakkunde Nijeer e Amerik heɓiino ŋakkere haa teeŋti noon e sahaa nde Nijeer salii jeyeede e Olimpiyaaji 1980 ɗi Nijeer salii jeyeede heen. Hooreejo leydi Shagari ɗon semmbiɗina dow jogaago siyaasaaku Naajeeriya dow ko laarani limngal lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nasti nder fijirde Olympic lesdi Russiya koo ngam hukuumaaji pamari Carter neldi boxer mawɗo Mohammed Ali haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Shagari salii yiyde Mohammed Ali e nder njillu mum lobbo.

Naajeeriya ina joginoo luural keeri hakkunde mum e leydi Caad e leydi Kameruun, ɗum noon ko ɗum fotnoo arde e ngonka wolde kono Shagari reentini ɗum e hakkille. Laamu Shagari ko balloowo mawɗo CEDEAO, rokki ɗum nokku ngam mahde galle laamorɗo mum to Abuja. Kono hay so laamu Shagari waɗii jam e hoɗdiiɓe mum, ngu riiwti yimɓe ɓe ngalaa kaayitaaji, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Ganaa en e hitaande 1983. Hay so tawii ko Naajeeriyankooɓe njiɗi ɗum, golle ɗee ina keewi ñiŋeede e nder miijooji. Nde anndiraa ko Ghana Must Go, woni riiwtude yimɓe Afrik hirnaange ummoriiɓe leydi Najeriya.

== Gagga Republique ɗiɗaɓere ==
Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1983 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1983–1985)

Shagari dañii manndaa ɗiɗaɓo duuɓi nay e hitaande 1983, o dañii nafoore e wooteeji mawɗi hade makko foolde laamu, o nanngaa e juuɗe Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari e nder kuudetaa konu ñalnde 31 lewru Duujal hitaande 1983.

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==

== Wade ==
Ñalnde 28 lewru Duujal hitaande 2018, hedde waktu 18ɓo e feccere kikiiɗe, Shehu Shagari maayi ko e rafi seeɗa to opitaal ngenndiwal, Abuja, ɗo o naati e safaara hade makko maayde. Ko taaniiko Bello Bala Shagari e guwerneer Tambuwal tabitini ɗum e nder tweets nannduɗi e mum e sahaa maayde makko.

== Dewgal ==
Shehu Shagari resi rewɓe tato: Amina, Aisha, e Hadiza Shagari. Omo jibini ɓiɓɓe heewɓe, ina heen Muhammadu Bala Shagari e Aminu Shehu Shagari. Ñalnde 24 ut 2001, Aisha sankii to opitaal Londres caggal rafi seeɗa. O mari duuɓi 49.Hadiza maayi bee duuɓi 80 ngam nyawu COVID-19 haa Abuja nyande 12 lewru Ogost 2021.

== Defte ==
Noddaama ngam golloraade (Taariindi nguurndam)

Caɗeele waylo-waylo (Koolol konnguɗi)

Wakar nijeriya ko jimɗi leydi nijeriya (yimre)

Usmaan Dan Fodio: Teori e gollal ardorde makko

Yiide am ngam Naajeeriya

== Ƴeew kadi ==
portal Nijeer bannge

Kabinee Shehu Shagari

Doggol hooreeɓe leydi Naajeeriya

== Sokotoo ==

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'''Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari GCFR''' (hausa pronunciation; 25 feebariyee 1925 – 28 lewru desaambar 2018) ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya mo woni hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gadano suɓaaɗo e dow demokaraasi, caggal nde hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo hokki laamu nguu e hitaande 1979..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 January 2019|title=Shehu Shagari obituary|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary|access-date=24 February 2022|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=22 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922114757/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O golliima seeɗa e jannginoowo hade makko naatde e politik e hitaande 1951 ; e o suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji hitaande 1954. E wakkatiiji feere-feere hakkunde hitaande 1958 rewrude e ndimu leydi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960 e hitaande 1975, o jogi kuugal kabine bana komisinaajo lesdi Naajeeriya. E nder ɗeen balɗe, Shagari waɗii darnde mawnde e nder fannuuji keewɗi e faggudu leydi Najeriya. Ko o jaagorgal golle, o waɗii darnde tiiɗnde e ƴellitaare gollorɗe. Ko o ministaajo ƴellitaare faggudu, o waɗii nafoore mawnde e yuɓɓinde peeje faggudu leydi Naajeeriya caggal jeytaare mum, kadi ko o Komisinaajo Fedde nde (hannde ko ministaajo) ngam kaalis, o ardiima udditgol Naira. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o ardii ƴellitaare faggudu, yaajnude gollorɗe, e ƴellitde gollorɗe, o yamiri Ajaokuta Steel Mill, eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude e nder Afrik, ngam waɗde njuɓɓudi ƴellitaare gollorɗe leydi Najeriya. Njuɓɓudi makko ina wondi e caɗeele, haa arti noon e ŋakkeende faggudu e ŋakkeende kisal politik. Laamu makko joofi ko e kuudetaa konu e hitaande 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;Premium Times&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Solomonov|first=M.|date=2 September 2022|title=Nigeria to pay $496 million to settle Indian firm's claim over Ajaokuta steel|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/business/business-news/552308-nigeria-to-pay-496-million-to-settle-indian-firms-claim-over-ajaokuta-steel.html?tztc=1|access-date=14 May 2017|archive-date=25 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425114727/https://yen.com.gh/16384-ghana-must-go-exodus-nigeria-remembered.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duuɓi gadani ==
Shehu Usmaan Shagari jibinaa ko ñalnde 25 feebariyee 1925 to Shagari e galle fulɓe juulɓe sunnit en. Wuro Shagari sosinnoo ngo ko mawniiko biyeteeɗo Ahmadu Rufa’i. O mawni ko e galle jom rewɓe heewɓe, ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo jeegom jibinaaɗo e nder galle hee. Baaba makko biyeteeɗo Aliyu Shagari ko Magajin Shagari (magaji firti ko hooreejo wuro). Ko adii nde o wontata Magajin Shagari, Aliyu ko demoowo, njulaagu, duroowo. Kono, sabu laabi aadaaji haɗnooɗi laamɓe tawtoreede njulaagu, Aliyu woppii yoga e nafooje mum njulaagu nde o wonti Magaji. Aliyu maayi duuɓi jowi caggal jibineede Shehu, mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Bello, ƴetti mantol baaba mum e nder dumunna juutɗo, hono Magajin Shagari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shehu Shagari {{!}} president of Nigeria {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Shehu-Shagari|access-date=27 March 2022|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|archive-date=22 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922114640/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Shehu-Shagari|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Obotetukudo|first1=Solomon Williams|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R54bWf5_siEC&amp;dq=Shehu+Shagari+1925&amp;pg=PA76|title=Profile of Shehu Shagari|date=2011|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing PLC|isbn=978-0-7618-5274-2|access-date=16 March 2023|archive-date=22 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922114642/https://books.google.com/books?id=R54bWf5_siEC&amp;dq=Shehu+Shagari+1925&amp;pg=PA76#v=onepage&amp;q=Shehu%20Shagari%201925&amp;f=false|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/index.php/content/view/8612/55|title=Alhaji Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari, GCFR, @ 83|last=Nuhu-Koko|first=Abubakar Atiku|date=26 February 2008|work=Daily Triumph (Kano)|access-date=26 February 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227185234/http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/index.php/content/view/8612/55|archive-date=27 February 2008|publisher=[[Triumph Publishing]] Company Limited, via nigeriavillagesquare.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Biography of Shehu Shagari; Ex-President; Politician; Sokoto State Celebrity.|url=http://biography.hi7.co/biography-of-shehu-shagari--ex-president--politician--sokoto-state-celebrity--56651e176e3f7.html|access-date=27 March 2022|website=biography.hi7.co|archive-date=22 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922114647/http://biography.hi7.co/biography-of-shehu-shagari--ex-president--politician--sokoto-state-celebrity--56651e176e3f7.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Shag Bio&quot;&gt;''Shehu Shagari, Beckoned To Serve:An Autobiography''.&lt;/ref&gt;

Shagari fuɗɗii jaŋde mum ko e duɗal Quraana, caggal ɗuum o yahi o hoɗi e banndiraaɓe makko to wuro saraaji mum, ɗo o naati duɗal leslesal Yabo tuggi 1931 haa 1935. E hitaande 1936–1940, o yahi Sokoto ngam janngude hakkundeere, caggal ɗuum tuggi 1941 haa 1944 o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa. Hakkunde 1944 e 1952, Shagari heɓi bak mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe, to Zaria, Kaduna, to leydi Nijeer. Tuggi 1953 haa 1958, Shagari heɓi golle jannginoowo njillu to diiwaan Sokoto. O woniino kadi tergal e Yiilirde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe gila 1954 haa 1958.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=David|title=President and power in Nigeria: the life of Shehu Shagari|publisher=Frank cass|year=1982|pages=32–35}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Published&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Ex-President Shehu Shagari dies at 93|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-ex-president-shehu-shagari-is-dead/|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|date=28 December 2018|language=en-US|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=22 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922114640/https://punchng.com/breaking-ex-president-shehu-shagari-is-dead/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fuɗɗoode golle politik ==

== Naatgol e dawrugol ==
Shehu Usman Shagari naati nder siyaasaaku nder hitaande 1951 nde o laati hooreejo kawtal yimɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya haa Sokoto, lesdi Naajeeriya, kuugal ngal o jogi haa hitaande 1956. Ammaa kuuɗe maako siyaasaaku arandeeji fuɗɗi nder hitaande 1945, nde o woni jannginoowo o sosi fedde sukaaɓe wiyeteende secretary i Sokoto Social be Circle. Fedde nde wonti gooto e pelle tokoose ɗe kawri ngam jeyeede e fedde yimɓe worgo (NPC), sosaande e hitaande 1948.

E hitaande 1948, nde Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe mo NCNC woni e njillu mum e nder leydi Najeriya ngam dañde kaalis ngam neldude delegaasiyoŋ to Londres ngam ɗaɓɓude e Ofis Koloñaal yo woppu doosɗe leydi Richard nde tawnoo ko nde demokaraasi, Shehu Shagari mo nganndu-ɗaa ko jannguɗo no feewi deftere Pilot Afrik-Hirnaange ko kanko tan woni gorko gooto to Sokoto meeting e ooɗoo iwdi Sokoto. Nde ofisee jaŋde diiwaan Angalteer humpitaa wonde Shagari arii, ɓeydagol njoɓdi makko joɗɗinaama e oon hitaande ngam waɗde ɗum ñaawoore.

Pilot Afrik worgo oo haɗaama e nder duɗe diiwaan worgo oo, Shagari winndi ɗum winndannde ngam umminde ɗum e hitaande 1948. E oon sahaa gooto, Shagari fuɗɗinooma daranaade yaltugol laamu koloñaal nde o yaltini deftere Hausa ina joginoo jimɗi ɗe o inniri &quot;Anti Colonialist in&quot;. E hitaande 1950, Shagari, suka jannginoowo jahroowo e duuɓi 25, suɓaama e gardagol ofisee diiwaan Angalteer biyeteeɗo H.A.S Johnson ngam tawtoreede batu Ibadan ngam yeewtidde e doosgal leydi Richards.

== Suɓngo parlemaa ==
E hitaande 1954, Shehu Shagari suɓaama e nder laamu mum gadano, o woni tergal suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde ngam Sokoto bannge worgo. E hitaande 1958, Shagari toɗɗaa koolaaɗo kuuɓal parlemaa (o woppi golle ɗee ko e hitaande 1959) to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer, hono Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, e ndeen hitaande kadi o woni jaagorde fedde nde to bannge njulaagu e gollorɗe.

== Toɗɗagol jaagorɗe ==
Tuggi 1959 haa 1960, Shagari woni jaagorɗo fedde nde ngam ɓamtaare faggudu leydi Naajeeriya jeytaare, ɗo jaagorgal makko woni e ƴettude peeje ƴellitaare 1962–1968. Ko ministeer ƴellitaare faggudu Shagari halfinaa kadi sosde Goomu ƴellitaare Niiseer-Delta. Tuggi 1960 haa 1962, o woni jaagorde pension lesdi ndi'i, nden o hoosi kuugal Najeeriyanisaasiyoŋ kuugal laamu. Tuggi 1962 haa 1965, Shagari waɗtaa jaagorgal nder leydi fedde nde. Gila 1965 haa kuudetaa militeer gadano e lewru Yarkomaa 1966, Shagari wonnoo ko jaagorgal fedde ndee e golle, o waɗii eɓɓooji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi, ina jeyaa heen Pont Eko Lagos, ko ɗum woni kontaraaji mawɗi gadani ɗi fedde mahdi Almaañnaajo Julius Berger to Nijeer, e timminde Pont Niger mo Minister96 Prime6r yamiri e hitaande 1966 Baleewa. E hitaande 1967, o toɗɗaa sekreteruuji ngam ƴellitde jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto. Tuggi 1968 haa 1969, Shagari hokkaama darnde dowla nder diiwal Fuunaange-rewo, o woni Komiseriyaa dowlaaji.

Shagari (hakkunde) e hooreejo leydi Tafawa Balewa mo keɓata defte keewɗe ummoraade e annduɗo ko faati e neɗɗaagu Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Melville J. Herskovits to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hirnaange-rewo e hitaande 1961

Ko o tergal Parlemaa e jaagorgal fedde nde, Shagari ardiima, o jeyaa ko e misiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya caggal leydi. Ko o jaagorgal ƴellitaare faggudu, o woniino tergal e delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to batu Tangiers to Komisiyoŋ Faggudu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Afrik (ECA), tawi ko jaagorgal kaalis mawɗo Festus Okotie Eboh ardii ɗum. E hitaande 1961, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo, mawninde duuɓi sappo jeytaare leydi Libi. E hitaande ndee tan, o woniino e batu jaagorɗe GATT to Geneve, ɗo o ƴetti haala Fedde Faggudu Orop (ECC) ngam ƴellitde leyɗeele Afrik hono Nijeer ɗe ngonaano e oon sahaa, jokkondirɗe e EEC. E ndeen hitaande kadi, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ to batu parlemaa Commonwealth (CPA) to Londres. O woni hooreejo batu CPA garoowo yuɓɓinaangu to Lagos hakkunde oktoobar e noowammbar 1962.

E hitaande 1962, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo e batu ECA to Addis Abeba haa batu tataɓo komisiyoŋ oo, ko adii fof ko Nijeer tawtoraama e nder tergal timmungal ɗo o wiyi e semmbe ngam ƴellitde cogguuli geɗe nguura. E hitaande 1963, Shagari woni nulaaɗo leydi Najeriya e batu CPA to Kuala Lumpur. Ndeen e lewru desaambar 1965, nde Ian Smith waɗi bayyinaango jeytaare leydi ngootiri, Shehu Shagari tawtoraama batu CPA to Wellington, Nuwel Selannde ɗo o ñiŋi, o waɗi heen bayyinaango laaɓtungo e bayyinaango Ian Smith ngoo. E nder batu gooto. Shagari hollitii kadi mettere mum e Rodesi hannde Zimbaabwee, ɗo o ñiŋi politik koloñaal Angalteer e no o jogori jogaade ngonka Rodesi. Haala Shehu Shagari e nder batu CPA ina maantiniri no feewi, ina yaaji no feewi, haa o dañii njettoor keewɗo e juuɗe nulaaɓe woɗɓe. Shehu Shagari waɗii batte mawɗe e politik e laamu mum.

O waɗii kadi tiitoonde e nder jaaynde wiyeteende Christchurch Star to leydi Nuwel Selannde ñalnde 4 desaambar 1965, e jaaynde wiyeteende The Morning Post to Wellington.

Shagari (rowre caggal to bannge ñaamo) to galle laamorɗo Amerik e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Abubakar Tafawa Balewa e hooreejo leydi Amerik John F. Kennedy (1961)

O ardiima kadi delegaasiyoŋ to joɗnde adannde Goomu renndo faggudu faggudu Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OUA). Shagari kadi woniino wakilto gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii e sahaaji ceertuɗi, haa arti noon e nde hooreejo leydi Ejipt, hono Gamal Abdel Nasser, noddi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Najeriya, hono Abubakar, ngam ƴeewtaade peeje kisal leydi Ejipt. O lomtiima kadi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Tafawa Balewa e wirwirnde Winston Churchill.

== Ko adii hooreejo leydi ==

== Falnde Republique gadano ==
Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer 1966 e kuudetaa Nijeer 1966

Caggal kuudetaa leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1966, Shagari ina jeyaa e ardiiɓe laamu nguu, ɓe ndokki laamu nguu e juuɗe ardorde konu leydi ndii, hono Maj. Gen. Aguiyi Ironsi. O arti Sokoto ngam ɓamtude jaŋde. O wonii gardiiɗo fedde ƴellitaare jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto e hitaande 1967, ɗo o mahi duɗe diiwaan keewɗe. Caggal mum o toɗɗaama Komiseer Sosiyetee e Heblo kadi o golliima seeɗa e Komiseer Jaŋde e nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Fuɗnaange-rewo ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, hade makko noddaade ngam golloraade e les laamu konu fedde nde, hono Gen. Yakubu Gowon.

== Jaagorgal caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ==
Caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, tuggi 1970 haa 1971, Shagari toɗɗaama e juuɗe hooreejo konu leydi ndii, Seneraal Yakubu Gowon, ngam wonde komisinaajo fedde nde ngam ƴellitaare faggudu, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol golle ngam waɗde politik nanondiral laamu Gowon. Shagari fuɗɗii mahde e moƴƴitinde duɗe, opitaaluuji, e gollorɗe goɗɗe to Fuɗnaange-rewo. O ƴetti kadi golle ngam waawde wallude yimɓe Fuɗnaange-rewo ngam ɓe ngarta e golle laamu nde o woni e yeewtidde e makko ngam yoɓde kasoo politik Biafran caggal nde ɓataake mo Pius Okigbo winndi mo, o soodaa e makko e nder kasooji Enugu.

Tuggi 1971 haa 1975 o wonii komisariyaajo fedde (darnde wiyeteende hannde ministeer) to bannge kaalis. Wakkati o laati komisinaajo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya, Shagari laati kadi guwerneer Banki Duniyaaru, nden o ɗonno nder goomu ceede lesdi Naajeeriya (FMI) mo yimɓe cappanɗe ɗiɗi. Shagari bana jaagorɗo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya kadi o ɗon mari ceede lesdi Naajeeriya naira. E hitaande 1976, Shagari fuɗɗii fedde wiyeteende Nigeria Trust Fund to Banke Afrik ngam ƴellitaare, tawi ko 100 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam wallitde leyɗeele Afrik miskineeɓe ngam wallitde yoga e eɓɓooji mum en ƴellitaare.

Ko o jaagorgal e les njiimaandi Gowon, Shagari ƴetti kadi golle jam ngam haɓaade Julius Nyerere mo Tansani e Idi Amin mo Uganndaa ngam haɗde wolde Uganndaa e Tansani e ittude konu mum en e keeri (SUDA), e nder ɗuum o fuɗɗii mahde Luumo Sokoto Modern. E nder mbayliigu laamuuji nokkuuji e les njiimaandi laamu ngu Obasanjo ardii. Shagari suɓaama ngam wonde jaagorgal laamu nokku Yabo e hitaande 1976.

== Suɓngo hooreejo leydi ==
Winndannde mawnde: Republique Nijeer ɗiɗaɓere

Caggal ɗuum, o golliima e batu doosɗe leydi 1977–1978, ƴettuɗo doosɗe leydi 1979. E hitaande 1978, Shehu Shagari wonnoo ko tergal sosngal lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer. E hitaande 1979 Shagari suɓaama e lannda kaa ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e wooteeji gardagol leydi e ndeen hitaande, ɗi o heɓi e wooteeji 1979 e ballal gardiiɗo kampaañ makko, hono Umaru Dikko. Kampaañ oo ina joginoo ballal politikaaji keewɗi mawɗi to Fuɗnaange e nder leƴƴi pamari to bannge worgo. Motto lanyol ngol woni &quot;Leñol gootel, Daarol Gootel&quot; ngol yi'aama bana lanyol ɓurngol wallugo ɗuuɗal lesdi Naajeeriya.

== Hooreejo leydi ==
Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya

== Faggudu ==
E nder boom petroŋ, Shagari waɗi ndema, njulaagu, galleeji e yah-ngartaa ko paandaale faggudu mawɗe njuɓɓudi laamu mum.

== Ndemri ==
Laamu Shagari fuɗɗii &quot;Revolution verte&quot;, renndinde aawdi e ñamri e remooɓe ngam ɓeydude ngalu leydi ndii fof e nder ndema, E nder ndema. Faandaare ndee wonnoo ko ƴellitde kuutoragol masiŋaaji mekanik e nder ndema. Ndee eɓɓaande ina weltini remooɓe mawɓe ngam waawde feewnude geɗe keewɗe. O yamiri kadi baraas Bakalori e nder diiwaan Sokoto, e diiwaan Caad fombina, e diiwaan Borno, baraas Kafin Zaki e nder diiwaan Bauchi, baraas maayo Ogun, e diiwaan Ogun, baraas Dadin Kowa e nder diiwaan Bauchi, baraas Goronyo e nder diiwaan Sokoto, e baraas Zobe, e nder diiwaan Kastina.

== Kuugal ==

== Miijo njamndi Ajaokuta ==
E hitaande 1980, e ngalu petroŋ, Shagari joofni mahngo refineeri Kaduna, fuɗɗii golle e ndeen hitaande. Kadi e ngalu petroŋ, Shagari fuɗɗii mahngo Ajaokuta Steel Mill mo fotnoo timmude e hitaande 1983. Ko eɓɓaande ɓurnde mawnude e eɓɓaande steel nde meeɗaa fuɗɗaade e Afrik e sahaa mahngo mum. Koolol njamndi ngol noddiraa ko &quot;kaaƴe gonɗe e njulaagu leydi Najeriya&quot;.

Shagari timmini kuugal njamndi Delta nder hitaande 1982. Haa hitaande 1983, Shagari sosi sosiyetee limngal aluminium lesdi Naajeeriya haa Ikot Abasi. Mills Rolling Steel tati goɗɗi ɗo mahaa, ina jeyaa heen ɗi Osogbo, Katsina e Jos. Kono Shagari ustii geɗal royalties petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi gila e 30 haa 2 e nder teemedere. Shagari sosi kadi Duɗal janngingol petroŋ.

Wonno kadi ko gollorɗe otooji ko wayi no ANAMMCO to Anambra ɗe ndarnaa e hitaande 1980, gollorɗe mooɓondiral Volkswagen to diiwaan Oyo, otooji Peugeot to diiwaan Kaduna, FIAT to diiwaan Kano e Styer to diiwaan Bauchi.

== Koɗki ==
To bannge galleeji, Shagari ina joginoo faandaare mahde 200 000 galle, kono haa lewru suwee 1983, ko ujunnaaje capanɗe tati (32 000) galle tan njoofi. Fuu e ŋakkeende mum, ko ɗum eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude nde Naajeeriya meeɗi yiyde e nder galleeji laamu.

== Hortol ==
Laana ndiwoowa Nigeria (jooni ɗon mari duuɓi) yi'i duuɓi maako kaŋŋe wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓre les lesdi Shehu Shagari

E nder yah-ngartaa, o udditi laawol ɗuuɗngol nder lesdi ndi'i hawtaade e ngol yahdugo haa laamorde lesdi ndi'i, Abuja. Laabi goɗɗi teskinɗi peewnaaɗi ko wayi no : Badagry-Sokoto, Lagos-Kano, Port Harcourt-Enugu, Kano-Bauchi, Warri-Okene, Abuja-Kaduna, Calabar-Ikom, Yola-Maiduguri, Mokwa-Jidda, Abuja-Keffi, Effurun-Katsibia-Patanii e Effurun-Katsibia-Patanii Potiskum-Mayduguri.

Shagari kadi mahii e moƴƴinii won e portooji maayo ina jeyaa heen Porto Sapele e fuɗɗoraade Port Harcourt Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Portooji nder leydi kadi mahaa e jamaanu kadi porto maayo keso yamiraama to Onitsha e porto maayo goɗɗo jamaanu ngam golloraade Ajaokuta Steel Mill.

To bannge diwooje, Shagari sosi ministeer diwooje, mahii diwooje tati to Minna, Bauchi e Akure. Piirooji kesi kadi keɓaama ngam Naajeeriya Airways ina heen laanaaji diwooje Boeing 737s 8 e laanaaji diwooje 4 Airbus A310s ɗi Naajeeriya ɓuri jogaade laylaytol diwooje ɓurngol mawnude e nder Afrik.

== Kaalis ==
Doggol coggu petrol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1981, toɗɗii kaalis laamu leydi Najeriya. Shagari « salii jaɓɓaade » njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi ummoraade e FMI e Banke Adunaajo nde kiris oo yahrata yeeso, o fuɗɗii kadi Porogaraam ngam dartinde faggudu ngam wallitde reende leydi ndii e jippagol tiiɗngol gila e tolnooji toowɗi gadani ɗii e kitaale 1970 e ƴellitde faggudu nduu feewde e ɓeydagol moƴƴol. Faandaare mawnde eɓɓaande ndee ko ustude lisaasuuji naatgol, ustude njoɓdi laamu, e ɓeydude njoɓɗeele doosɗe. Kono njeñtudi porogaraam dartingol ngol ina famɗi.

== Korsa e Tiɗnaare Haɓaade Korsa ==
Hay so tawii Shehu Shagari woppitaama e hoore mum e golle bonɗe, Republique ɗiɗmo oo ina wondi e tuumeede fenaande, haa arti noon e tuumeede fenaande woote e wooteeji 1983. Ɗumɗoon noon, yantude e ustaare coggu petroŋ winndere ndee, e bonnugol kaalis ngenndi, caɗeele, addani laamu nguu waasde yiɗde ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii no feewi.

Kono hade makko ittude e laamu, e manndaa makko ɗiɗmo, Shagari waɗii eɓɓooje ngam haɓaade fenaande rewrude e ministeer keso toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njuɓɓudi ngenndiwal e gardagol Yusuf Maitama Sule, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko ɗuum tan sosaa. Taskaram kesum fuɗɗaama wi'eteeɗum Ethical Revolution ko mari hare mawnde ngam haɓugo bee ɓilla lesdi Gen. Muhammadu Buhari nder Eɓɓooje maako. Jaagorgal ngal duumiima tan ko lebbi tati hade kuudetaa 1983. E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo juutɗo, Shagari joginoo tan ko 7 e nder 45 jaagorɗe laamu ɓennungu nguu ngam hollirde darnde mum e haɓaade fenaande. Kono ɗuum jaɓaani junngo militeer en ƴettuɗo laamu nguu.

== E nder laamu ==

== E duuɓi tokoosi. ==
Laamu Shagari waɗii nafooje keewɗe e jaŋde. E nder manndaa makko duuɓi nay, ɓeydagol mawngol waɗii e duɗe hakkundeeje, jannginooɓe e duɗe janngirɗe kolees ɓeydiima. E hitaande 1981 kampaañ jaŋde mawnde fuɗɗii, e hitaande 1982, jaŋde 6–3–3–5 fuɗɗii. Laamu Shagari kadi mahii duɗe janngirɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Najeriya. Jaaɓihaaɗtirdeeji kesi karallaagal ɗo sosaa e nder diiwanuuji Bauchi, Benue, Adamawa, Ondo, Imo, e Osun. Ɓe ngoni Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Karallaagal Yola; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Akure; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Owerri; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Minna; Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ndema fedde nde, Abeokuta ; e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Abuubakar taafawa balewa. Laamu Shagari kadi ƴettii koleesuuji jaŋde goɗɗi jeeɗiɗi gonɗi hannde ɗii, mbaɗti ɗum en duɗe dokkuɗe dipolomaaji to Abraka, Ondo, Kano, Ado Ekiti, Bidda, Port Harcourt, e Zaria e kadi sosde politeknikuuji goɗɗi jeetati fedde nde to Ado Ekiti, Bidda, Bauchi, Idah, Uwana e Yofiklapo). Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Federal Open of Nigeria kadi sosaa ko e sahaa nde laamu Shagari joofi e hitaande 1981. Kadi ina rokka bursiiji ngam janngooɓe caggal leydi.

E nder kampaañ makko, Shagari suɓii debbo gooto ummoriiɗo to diiwaan Imo ngam wonde kanndidaa makko, ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi makko. Ammaa o sali ɓaawo o jaɓi ko adii, ngam soynde ballal hukuumaaji lesdi Naajeeriya haa Fombina-Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya to tikket cukko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya zoned to, ɗum woni ko ɓuri ɓadaaki rewɓe Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɗum fof e wayde noon, jaagorɗe e dipolomaat en rewɓe adanɓe e nder leydi Najeriya ko Shagari toɗɗii ɗum en. O toɗɗii Ebun Oyagbola yo won jaagorgal ko feewti e peewnugol leydi, caggal ɗuum o wonti ammbasadeer to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik to Panama, Kosta Rika e Guatemala e Mrs Janet Akinrinade yo won jaagorgal nder leydi e jaagorɗe ɗiɗi goɗɗe rewɓe Mrs Asinobi e Mrs Ivasi. Ko noon kadi, Mrs Elizabeth Ogbon toɗɗaama konsul mawɗo to Hamburg Almaañ, Mrs R Mohammed woni ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to Bostwana e Zimbaabwee. Nde tawnoo sukaaɓe heewɓe ina njokkondiri e laamu Shagari e jaagorɗe e wasiyaaji. Ina jeyaa e ɓurɓe anndeede ɓee, Prof. Pat Utomi, mo duuɓi 29 nde o toɗɗaa jaagorgal faggudu. Jaagorɗe toɗɗaaɗe e nder duuɓi mum en njahrata ko e duuɓi 30 ko Audu Innocent Ogbeh (32) e Bello Maitama Yusuf (34). Heewɓe e jaagorɗe kabine ɗee ina njogii duuɓi 50 les.

== Geɗe ngenndiije ==

== NNS AARADU ==

== Ƴellitaare konu ==
Laamu Shagari nguu duuɓi gooti yi’i ɓeydagol jaawngol e mbaawkaaji konu leydi Naajeeriya. Naajeeriya heɓi ko ɓuri heewde e kaɓirɗe mum softuɗe e ooɗoo sahaa haa e ƴellitgol e keɓgol ko ɓooyaani koo. Sodeede konu e les njiimaandi Shagari ina heddii e ɓurde toowde e nder daartol leydi Najeriya. Ina jeyaa heen laanaaji diwooje alfa, laanaaji diwooje MIG, laanaaji diwooje 3 C-130H-30 Hercules, laanaaji diwooje elikopteeruuji e ko nanndi heen. NNS Aradu (F89) woni laanawol ɓurngol softugo nder konu ndiyam Naajeeriya heɓaama wakkati maako.

== Maitatsine e Kano 1980 fitina ==
Binndanɗe mawɗe : Maitatsine e fitina Kano 1980

Fitinaaji Kano 1980 ko fitinaaji to Kano, leydi Nijeer, tawi ko Maitatsine, waajotooɗo seernaaɓe, e wondiiɓe mum ardii ɗum. Ko ngol woni go’o ko hare mawnde diine e nder Kano caggal koloñaal. Ko ina ɓura 4 177 siwil, 100 polis e fotde 35 militeer mbaraama, tawi heen Maitatsine e hoore mum, ina heewi siforeede ko fuɗɗoode Yan Tatsine. Sabu ɗuum, won miijo yaajngo wonde kisal e faggudu leydi Najeriya ina hulɓinii e juuɗe yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leyɗeele goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje, kadi ngool miijo ina ɓeydoo tiiɗde sabu yimɓe woɗɓe Afrik hirnaange mballitii e njulaagu nguu. Jaagorgal ko feewti e leydi Niger, Caad, Kamerun, Mali e Burkina Faso wondude e ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 juulɓe Naajeeriya mbaraama ko ina tolnoo e 100 poliseeɓe, ɓe ngañii heen 100 poliseeɓe. Konu nodditaa, ustii ngonka ka hade fanatik en ɓee ƴattaade leydi ndii. Kono tan, lowre laamu hollitii wonde ko alɗuɓe ɓe ngonaa laamuyankooɓe ngaddi caɗeele ɗee.

== Riiwtude eggooɓe ==
Winndannde mawnde: Riiwtude yimɓe Afrik hirnaange ummoriiɓe leydi Nijeer

E hitaande 1983, Shagari yaltini yamiroore kuuɓtodinnde, yamiri eggooɓe ɓe ngalaa kaayitaaji immigration laaɓtuɗi yo njaltu leydi ndii, so wonaa ɗuum ɓe nanngee no sariya yamiri nii. Yamiroore ndee ko ngam jaabaade jiiɓru diineeji baɗnooɗi e nokkuuji leydi ndii e hitaande 1980 (Kano 1980 Riots) e hitaande 1981. Ko ɓuri heewde e eggooɓe ɓee ko Afriknaaɓe hirnaange, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Ganaanaaɓe. Ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi worɓe e rewɓe e sukaaɓe ngoni heen.

== Teritorium Laamorde Fedde nde ==
Ko adii nde Shagari artata, Abuja ko leydi mboɗeeri tan, ndi alaa ƴellitaare. Shehu Shagari waɗii njuɓɓudi gadani wuro keso ngoo, gadano oo ko laawol ummoraade Suleja haa nokku ɗo laamorgo ngoo woni ɗoo. Ko heddii e golle ɗee ko kuuraa, ndiyam, e laabi.

== Usmaan Dam Abuja ==
Baraas Usman mahaa ko e hitaande 1980, ko ngam heblude haajuuji ndiyam wuro ngo. Wuro ngoo kadi ina jokkondiri e laylaytol ngenndiwal e oon sahaa. Kadi laawol kesol ngol laana ndiwoowa waɗaama ngol jooni moƴƴinaama, ngol ɓeydaama no laamorgo hakkunde leyɗeele Nnamdi Azikiwe. Infrastructures goɗɗe ina mbaɗi 5,000 galleeji ngam gollotooɓe e fedde nde, sekretariat suudu laamu e suudu hoɗɓe hooreejo leydi (Aguda House), suudu laamu, Asamblee ngenndiijo e juulirɗe ngenndiije kadi ina mahaa, oteluuji 3 koode joy, duɗe, opitaaluuji, mahdiiji goɗɗi e won e laawol mawngol feewde e nder wuro Shagari ina ngondi e golle.

E hitaande 1983, Abuja wonti wuro gollorngo ngo batuuji diisnondiral e mawningol ngenndiwal mbaɗata toon. Nde Shagari ittaa, o woni ko e wuro ngam siwtaare. Abuja laati gila nden wuro mawngo, jooni laati laamorde lesdi Naajeeriya. Abuja siforiima no eɓɓoore wootere ɓurnde yuumtude e nder teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko architecte mawɗo biyeteeɗo Nnamdi Elleh siforii ɗum.

== Geɗe caggal leydi ==
Hooreejo leydi Shagari e wonndude e hooreejo leydi Jimmy Carter e Cicely Tyson to galle daneejo

Hooreejo leydi Shagari jokki politik leydi Naajeeriya gila 1960, tawi ko Afrik woni ko e dow mum. Kanko Shagari o wonaa keso e jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ngam o ardii delegaasiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya gila nde o heɓi ndimaagu makko. Hooreejo leydi makko ina daraninoo e waɗde golle tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Afrik worgo e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Sammbi e Zimbaabwee. Hare ndimaagu ko golle ɗe hooreejo leydi Shagari foti waɗde. O waɗii laabi keewɗi darnde makko e kala nokku ɗo o woni ɗoo, haa arti noon e njilluuji makko to leydi Angalteer e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Jimmy Carter, jaarnoo mo e jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee. Koolol hakkunde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Shagari e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Margaret Thatcher ina hollita wonde o waɗii tiiɗnaare mawnde e Angalteer ko fayti e jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee haa arti noon e risk jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee.

Shagari ina salminaa e Seneraal Archer Durham to nokku ɗo konu Andrews woni ɗoo, nde o ari e njillu.

Joɗnde Fuɗnaange-Fuɗnaange to Cancun, Oktoobar 1981

E hitaande 1980, e nder mawningol jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee, hooreejo leydi ndii hono Shagari fodaniino 15 miliyoŋ dolaar e nder mawningol ngol ngam jannginde Zimbaabwee en wonɓe to Zimbaabwee e wonɓe e leyɗeele goɗɗe to leydi Nijeer. Laamu Mugaabe huutoriima feccere e ngalu nguu ngam soodde sosiyateeji jaayɗe jeyaaɗi e Afrik worgonaaɓe, ɗum ɓeydi doole laamu nguu e jaayɗe. Heddii ko e jannginde almudɓe e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya, gollotooɓe e laamu to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde (College des staffs) Naajeeriya to Badagry, e sooje en to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Kaduna. E darorɗe hitaande ndee, Mugabe yamiri ciimtol BBC ko faati e ndimaagu jaayɗe to Zimbaabwee. BBC yaltinii ciimtol mum ñalnde 26 lewru nduu, ina wasiyoo yo fedde jaayndeyaagal Zimbaabwee ndee waɗtu jeytaare mum e nafooje politik.

Shagari kadi waɗii eɓɓooje ngam sosde jokkondiral hakkunde Naajeeriya e Afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe e nder njilluuji mum to Amerik. To Harlem ɗo o adii yillaade e jaɓɓaade ñalngu ardiiɓe ɓaleeɓe, o noddii wonde ina haani jokkondiral faggudu e afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe. Kono caggal wooteeji mawɗi Amerik e hitaande 1980 ɗi ngaddi hooreejo leydi ndi hono Ronald Reagan, jokkondiral hakkunde Nijeer e Amerik heɓiino ŋakkere haa teeŋti noon e sahaa nde Nijeer salii jeyeede e Olimpiyaaji 1980 ɗi Nijeer salii jeyeede heen. Hooreejo leydi Shagari ɗon semmbiɗina dow jogaago siyaasaaku Naajeeriya dow ko laarani limngal lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nasti nder fijirde Olympic lesdi Russiya koo ngam hukuumaaji pamari Carter neldi boxer mawɗo Mohammed Ali haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Shagari salii yiyde Mohammed Ali e nder njillu mum lobbo.

Naajeeriya ina joginoo luural keeri hakkunde mum e leydi Caad e leydi Kameruun, ɗum noon ko ɗum fotnoo arde e ngonka wolde kono Shagari reentini ɗum e hakkille. Laamu Shagari ko balloowo mawɗo CEDEAO, rokki ɗum nokku ngam mahde galle laamorɗo mum to Abuja. Kono hay so laamu Shagari waɗii jam e hoɗdiiɓe mum, ngu riiwti yimɓe ɓe ngalaa kaayitaaji, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Ganaa en e hitaande 1983. Hay so tawii ko Naajeeriyankooɓe njiɗi ɗum, golle ɗee ina keewi ñiŋeede e nder miijooji. Nde anndiraa ko Ghana Must Go, woni riiwtude yimɓe Afrik hirnaange ummoriiɓe leydi Najeriya.

== Gagga Republique ɗiɗaɓere ==
Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1983 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1983–1985)

Shagari dañii manndaa ɗiɗaɓo duuɓi nay e hitaande 1983, o dañii nafoore e wooteeji mawɗi hade makko foolde laamu, o nanngaa e juuɗe Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari e nder kuudetaa konu ñalnde 31 lewru Duujal hitaande 1983.

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==

== Wade ==
Ñalnde 28 lewru Duujal hitaande 2018, hedde waktu 18ɓo e feccere kikiiɗe, Shehu Shagari maayi ko e rafi seeɗa to opitaal ngenndiwal, Abuja, ɗo o naati e safaara hade makko maayde. Ko taaniiko Bello Bala Shagari e guwerneer Tambuwal tabitini ɗum e nder tweets nannduɗi e mum e sahaa maayde makko.

== Dewgal ==
Shehu Shagari resi rewɓe tato: Amina, Aisha, e Hadiza Shagari. Omo jibini ɓiɓɓe heewɓe, ina heen Muhammadu Bala Shagari e Aminu Shehu Shagari. Ñalnde 24 ut 2001, Aisha sankii to opitaal Londres caggal rafi seeɗa. O mari duuɓi 49.Hadiza maayi bee duuɓi 80 ngam nyawu COVID-19 haa Abuja nyande 12 lewru Ogost 2021.

== Defte ==
Noddaama ngam golloraade (Taariindi nguurndam)

Caɗeele waylo-waylo (Koolol konnguɗi)

Wakar nijeriya ko jimɗi leydi nijeriya (yimre)

Usmaan Dan Fodio: Teori e gollal ardorde makko

Yiide am ngam Naajeeriya

== Ƴeew kadi ==
portal Nijeer bannge

Kabinee Shehu Shagari

Doggol hooreeɓe leydi Naajeeriya

== Sokotoo ==

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'''Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari GCFR''' (hausa pronunciation; 25 feebariyee 1925 – 28 lewru desaambar 2018) ko siyaasyanke Naajeeriya mo woni hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya gadano suɓaaɗo e dow demokaraasi, caggal nde hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo hokki laamu nguu e hitaande 1979..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=9 January 2019|title=Shehu Shagari obituary|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary|access-date=24 February 2022|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=22 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922114757/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/09/shehu-shagari-obituary|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O golliima seeɗa e jannginoowo hade makko naatde e politik e hitaande 1951 ; e o suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji hitaande 1954. E wakkatiiji feere-feere hakkunde hitaande 1958 rewrude e ndimu leydi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1960 e hitaande 1975, o jogi kuugal kabine bana komisinaajo lesdi Naajeeriya. E nder ɗeen balɗe, Shagari waɗii darnde mawnde e nder fannuuji keewɗi e faggudu leydi Najeriya. Ko o jaagorgal golle, o waɗii darnde tiiɗnde e ƴellitaare gollorɗe. Ko o ministaajo ƴellitaare faggudu, o waɗii nafoore mawnde e yuɓɓinde peeje faggudu leydi Naajeeriya caggal jeytaare mum, kadi ko o Komisinaajo Fedde nde (hannde ko ministaajo) ngam kaalis, o ardiima udditgol Naira. Ko o hooreejo leydi, o ardii ƴellitaare faggudu, yaajnude gollorɗe, e ƴellitde gollorɗe, o yamiri Ajaokuta Steel Mill, eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude e nder Afrik, ngam waɗde njuɓɓudi ƴellitaare gollorɗe leydi Najeriya. Njuɓɓudi makko ina wondi e caɗeele, haa arti noon e ŋakkeende faggudu e ŋakkeende kisal politik. Laamu makko joofi ko e kuudetaa konu e hitaande 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;Premium Times&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Solomonov|first=M.|date=2 September 2022|title=Nigeria to pay $496 million to settle Indian firm's claim over Ajaokuta steel|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/business/business-news/552308-nigeria-to-pay-496-million-to-settle-indian-firms-claim-over-ajaokuta-steel.html?tztc=1|access-date=14 May 2017|archive-date=25 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425114727/https://yen.com.gh/16384-ghana-must-go-exodus-nigeria-remembered.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duuɓi gadani ==
Shehu Usmaan Shagari jibinaa ko ñalnde 25 feebariyee 1925 to Shagari e galle fulɓe juulɓe sunnit en. Wuro Shagari sosinnoo ngo ko mawniiko biyeteeɗo Ahmadu Rufa’i. O mawni ko e galle jom rewɓe heewɓe, ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo jeegom jibinaaɗo e nder galle hee. Baaba makko biyeteeɗo Aliyu Shagari ko Magajin Shagari (magaji firti ko hooreejo wuro). Ko adii nde o wontata Magajin Shagari, Aliyu ko demoowo, njulaagu, duroowo. Kono, sabu laabi aadaaji haɗnooɗi laamɓe tawtoreede njulaagu, Aliyu woppii yoga e nafooje mum njulaagu nde o wonti Magaji. Aliyu maayi duuɓi jowi caggal jibineede Shehu, mawniiko gorko biyeteeɗo Bello, ƴetti mantol baaba mum e nder dumunna juutɗo, hono Magajin Shagari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shehu Shagari {{!}} president of Nigeria {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Shehu-Shagari|access-date=27 March 2022|website=www.britannica.com|language=en|archive-date=22 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922114640/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Shehu-Shagari|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Obotetukudo|first1=Solomon Williams|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R54bWf5_siEC&amp;dq=Shehu+Shagari+1925&amp;pg=PA76|title=Profile of Shehu Shagari|date=2011|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing PLC|isbn=978-0-7618-5274-2|access-date=16 March 2023|archive-date=22 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922114642/https://books.google.com/books?id=R54bWf5_siEC&amp;dq=Shehu+Shagari+1925&amp;pg=PA76#v=onepage&amp;q=Shehu%20Shagari%201925&amp;f=false|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/index.php/content/view/8612/55|title=Alhaji Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari, GCFR, @ 83|last=Nuhu-Koko|first=Abubakar Atiku|date=26 February 2008|work=Daily Triumph (Kano)|access-date=26 February 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227185234/http://www.nigeriavillagesquare.com/index.php/content/view/8612/55|archive-date=27 February 2008|publisher=[[Triumph Publishing]] Company Limited, via nigeriavillagesquare.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Biography of Shehu Shagari; Ex-President; Politician; Sokoto State Celebrity.|url=http://biography.hi7.co/biography-of-shehu-shagari--ex-president--politician--sokoto-state-celebrity--56651e176e3f7.html|access-date=27 March 2022|website=biography.hi7.co|archive-date=22 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922114647/http://biography.hi7.co/biography-of-shehu-shagari--ex-president--politician--sokoto-state-celebrity--56651e176e3f7.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Shag Bio&quot;&gt;''Shehu Shagari, Beckoned To Serve:An Autobiography''.&lt;/ref&gt;

Shagari fuɗɗii jaŋde mum ko e duɗal Quraana, caggal ɗuum o yahi o hoɗi e banndiraaɓe makko to wuro saraaji mum, ɗo o naati duɗal leslesal Yabo tuggi 1931 haa 1935. E hitaande 1936–1940, o yahi Sokoto ngam janngude hakkundeere, caggal ɗuum tuggi 1941 haa 1944 o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Barewa. Hakkunde 1944 e 1952, Shagari heɓi bak mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe, to Zaria, Kaduna, to leydi Nijeer. Tuggi 1953 haa 1958, Shagari heɓi golle jannginoowo njillu to diiwaan Sokoto. O woniino kadi tergal e Yiilirde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe gila 1954 haa 1958.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=David|title=President and power in Nigeria: the life of Shehu Shagari|publisher=Frank cass|year=1982|pages=32–35}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Published&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Ex-President Shehu Shagari dies at 93|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-ex-president-shehu-shagari-is-dead/|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|date=28 December 2018|language=en-US|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=22 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922114640/https://punchng.com/breaking-ex-president-shehu-shagari-is-dead/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fuɗɗoode golle politik ==

== Naatgol e dawrugol ==
Shehu Usman Shagari naati nder siyaasaaku nder hitaande 1951 nde o laati hooreejo kawtal yimɓe woylaare lesdi Naajeeriya haa Sokoto, lesdi Naajeeriya, kuugal ngal o jogi haa hitaande 1956. Ammaa kuuɗe maako siyaasaaku arandeeji fuɗɗi nder hitaande 1945, nde o woni jannginoowo o sosi fedde sukaaɓe wiyeteende secretary i Sokoto Social be Circle. Fedde nde wonti gooto e pelle tokoose ɗe kawri ngam jeyeede e fedde yimɓe worgo (NPC), sosaande e hitaande 1948.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Williams|first1=David|last2=Petermann|first2=R.|title=President and power in Nigeria : the life of Shehu Shagari|date=1982|publisher=Cass|location=London|isbn=0714631825}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1948, nde Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe mo NCNC woni e njillu mum e nder leydi Najeriya ngam dañde kaalis ngam neldude delegaasiyoŋ to Londres ngam ɗaɓɓude e Ofis Koloñaal yo woppu doosɗe leydi Richard nde tawnoo ko nde demokaraasi, Shehu Shagari mo nganndu-ɗaa ko jannguɗo no feewi deftere Pilot Afrik-Hirnaange ko kanko tan woni gorko gooto to Sokoto meeting e ooɗoo iwdi Sokoto. Nde ofisee jaŋde diiwaan Angalteer humpitaa wonde Shagari arii, ɓeydagol njoɓdi makko joɗɗinaama e oon hitaande ngam waɗde ɗum ñaawoore.

Pilot Afrik worgo oo haɗaama e nder duɗe diiwaan worgo oo, Shagari winndi ɗum winndannde ngam umminde ɗum e hitaande 1948. E oon sahaa gooto, Shagari fuɗɗinooma daranaade yaltugol laamu koloñaal nde o yaltini deftere Hausa ina joginoo jimɗi ɗe o inniri &quot;Anti Colonialist in&quot;. E hitaande 1950, Shagari, suka jannginoowo jahroowo e duuɓi 25, suɓaama e gardagol ofisee diiwaan Angalteer biyeteeɗo H.A.S Johnson ngam tawtoreede batu Ibadan ngam yeewtidde e doosgal leydi Richards.

== Suɓngo parlemaa ==
E hitaande 1954, Shehu Shagari suɓaama e nder laamu mum gadano, o woni tergal suudu sarɗiiji fedde nde ngam Sokoto bannge worgo. E hitaande 1958, Shagari toɗɗaa koolaaɗo kuuɓal parlemaa (o woppi golle ɗee ko e hitaande 1959) to gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Nijeer, hono Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, e ndeen hitaande kadi o woni jaagorde fedde nde to bannge njulaagu e gollorɗe.

== Toɗɗagol jaagorɗe ==
Tuggi 1959 haa 1960, Shagari woni jaagorɗo fedde nde ngam ɓamtaare faggudu leydi Naajeeriya jeytaare, ɗo jaagorgal makko woni e ƴettude peeje ƴellitaare 1962–1968. Ko ministeer ƴellitaare faggudu Shagari halfinaa kadi sosde Goomu ƴellitaare Niiseer-Delta. Tuggi 1960 haa 1962, o woni jaagorde pension lesdi ndi'i, nden o hoosi kuugal Najeeriyanisaasiyoŋ kuugal laamu. Tuggi 1962 haa 1965, Shagari waɗtaa jaagorgal nder leydi fedde nde. Gila 1965 haa kuudetaa militeer gadano e lewru Yarkomaa 1966, Shagari wonnoo ko jaagorgal fedde ndee e golle, o waɗii eɓɓooji keewɗi teeŋtuɗi, ina jeyaa heen Pont Eko Lagos, ko ɗum woni kontaraaji mawɗi gadani ɗi fedde mahdi Almaañnaajo Julius Berger to Nijeer, e timminde Pont Niger mo Minister96 Prime6r yamiri e hitaande 1966 Baleewa. E hitaande 1967, o toɗɗaa sekreteruuji ngam ƴellitde jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto. Tuggi 1968 haa 1969, Shagari hokkaama darnde dowla nder diiwal Fuunaange-rewo, o woni Komiseriyaa dowlaaji.

Shagari (hakkunde) e hooreejo leydi Tafawa Balewa mo keɓata defte keewɗe ummoraade e annduɗo ko faati e neɗɗaagu Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Melville J. Herskovits to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hirnaange-rewo e hitaande 1961

Ko o tergal Parlemaa e jaagorgal fedde nde, Shagari ardiima, o jeyaa ko e misiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya caggal leydi. Ko o jaagorgal ƴellitaare faggudu, o woniino tergal e delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to batu Tangiers to Komisiyoŋ Faggudu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Afrik (ECA), tawi ko jaagorgal kaalis mawɗo Festus Okotie Eboh ardii ɗum. E hitaande 1961, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo, mawninde duuɓi sappo jeytaare leydi Libi. E hitaande ndee tan, o woniino e batu jaagorɗe GATT to Geneve, ɗo o ƴetti haala Fedde Faggudu Orop (ECC) ngam ƴellitde leyɗeele Afrik hono Nijeer ɗe ngonaano e oon sahaa, jokkondirɗe e EEC. E ndeen hitaande kadi, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ to batu parlemaa Commonwealth (CPA) to Londres. O woni hooreejo batu CPA garoowo yuɓɓinaangu to Lagos hakkunde oktoobar e noowammbar 1962.

E hitaande 1962, o ardii delegaasiyoŋ oo e batu ECA to Addis Abeba haa batu tataɓo komisiyoŋ oo, ko adii fof ko Nijeer tawtoraama e nder tergal timmungal ɗo o wiyi e semmbe ngam ƴellitde cogguuli geɗe nguura. E hitaande 1963, Shagari woni nulaaɗo leydi Najeriya e batu CPA to Kuala Lumpur. Ndeen e lewru desaambar 1965, nde Ian Smith waɗi bayyinaango jeytaare leydi ngootiri, Shehu Shagari tawtoraama batu CPA to Wellington, Nuwel Selannde ɗo o ñiŋi, o waɗi heen bayyinaango laaɓtungo e bayyinaango Ian Smith ngoo. E nder batu gooto. Shagari hollitii kadi mettere mum e Rodesi hannde Zimbaabwee, ɗo o ñiŋi politik koloñaal Angalteer e no o jogori jogaade ngonka Rodesi. Haala Shehu Shagari e nder batu CPA ina maantiniri no feewi, ina yaaji no feewi, haa o dañii njettoor keewɗo e juuɗe nulaaɓe woɗɓe. Shehu Shagari waɗii batte mawɗe e politik e laamu mum.

O waɗii kadi tiitoonde e nder jaaynde wiyeteende Christchurch Star to leydi Nuwel Selannde ñalnde 4 desaambar 1965, e jaaynde wiyeteende The Morning Post to Wellington.

Shagari (rowre caggal to bannge ñaamo) to galle laamorɗo Amerik e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Abubakar Tafawa Balewa e hooreejo leydi Amerik John F. Kennedy (1961)

O ardiima kadi delegaasiyoŋ to joɗnde adannde Goomu renndo faggudu faggudu Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik (OUA). Shagari kadi woniino wakilto gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii e sahaaji ceertuɗi, haa arti noon e nde hooreejo leydi Ejipt, hono Gamal Abdel Nasser, noddi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Najeriya, hono Abubakar, ngam ƴeewtaade peeje kisal leydi Ejipt. O lomtiima kadi gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Tafawa Balewa e wirwirnde Winston Churchill.

== Ko adii hooreejo leydi ==

== Falnde Republique gadano ==
Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer 1966 e kuudetaa Nijeer 1966

Caggal kuudetaa leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1966, Shagari ina jeyaa e ardiiɓe laamu nguu, ɓe ndokki laamu nguu e juuɗe ardorde konu leydi ndii, hono Maj. Gen. Aguiyi Ironsi. O arti Sokoto ngam ɓamtude jaŋde. O wonii gardiiɗo fedde ƴellitaare jaŋde e nder diiwaan Sokoto e hitaande 1967, ɗo o mahi duɗe diiwaan keewɗe. Caggal mum o toɗɗaama Komiseer Sosiyetee e Heblo kadi o golliima seeɗa e Komiseer Jaŋde e nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Fuɗnaange-rewo ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, hade makko noddaade ngam golloraade e les laamu konu fedde nde, hono Gen. Yakubu Gowon.

== Jaagorgal caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele ==
Caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya, tuggi 1970 haa 1971, Shagari toɗɗaama e juuɗe hooreejo konu leydi ndii, Seneraal Yakubu Gowon, ngam wonde komisinaajo fedde nde ngam ƴellitaare faggudu, moƴƴitingol, e moƴƴitingol golle ngam waɗde politik nanondiral laamu Gowon. Shagari fuɗɗii mahde e moƴƴitinde duɗe, opitaaluuji, e gollorɗe goɗɗe to Fuɗnaange-rewo. O ƴetti kadi golle ngam waawde wallude yimɓe Fuɗnaange-rewo ngam ɓe ngarta e golle laamu nde o woni e yeewtidde e makko ngam yoɓde kasoo politik Biafran caggal nde ɓataake mo Pius Okigbo winndi mo, o soodaa e makko e nder kasooji Enugu.

Tuggi 1971 haa 1975 o wonii komisariyaajo fedde (darnde wiyeteende hannde ministeer) to bannge kaalis. Wakkati o laati komisinaajo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya, Shagari laati kadi guwerneer Banki Duniyaaru, nden o ɗonno nder goomu ceede lesdi Naajeeriya (FMI) mo yimɓe cappanɗe ɗiɗi. Shagari bana jaagorɗo ceede lesdi Naajeeriya kadi o ɗon mari ceede lesdi Naajeeriya naira. E hitaande 1976, Shagari fuɗɗii fedde wiyeteende Nigeria Trust Fund to Banke Afrik ngam ƴellitaare, tawi ko 100 miliyoŋ dolaar ngam wallitde leyɗeele Afrik miskineeɓe ngam wallitde yoga e eɓɓooji mum en ƴellitaare.

Ko o jaagorgal e les njiimaandi Gowon, Shagari ƴetti kadi golle jam ngam haɓaade Julius Nyerere mo Tansani e Idi Amin mo Uganndaa ngam haɗde wolde Uganndaa e Tansani e ittude konu mum en e keeri (SUDA), e nder ɗuum o fuɗɗii mahde Luumo Sokoto Modern. E nder mbayliigu laamuuji nokkuuji e les njiimaandi laamu ngu Obasanjo ardii. Shagari suɓaama ngam wonde jaagorgal laamu nokku Yabo e hitaande 1976.

== Suɓngo hooreejo leydi ==
Winndannde mawnde: Republique Nijeer ɗiɗaɓere

Caggal ɗuum, o golliima e batu doosɗe leydi 1977–1978, ƴettuɗo doosɗe leydi 1979. E hitaande 1978, Shehu Shagari wonnoo ko tergal sosngal lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer. E hitaande 1979 Shagari suɓaama e lannda kaa ngam wonde kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e wooteeji gardagol leydi e ndeen hitaande, ɗi o heɓi e wooteeji 1979 e ballal gardiiɗo kampaañ makko, hono Umaru Dikko. Kampaañ oo ina joginoo ballal politikaaji keewɗi mawɗi to Fuɗnaange e nder leƴƴi pamari to bannge worgo. Motto lanyol ngol woni &quot;Leñol gootel, Daarol Gootel&quot; ngol yi'aama bana lanyol ɓurngol wallugo ɗuuɗal lesdi Naajeeriya.

== Hooreejo leydi ==
Siile hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya

== Faggudu ==
E nder boom petroŋ, Shagari waɗi ndema, njulaagu, galleeji e yah-ngartaa ko paandaale faggudu mawɗe njuɓɓudi laamu mum.

== Ndemri ==
Laamu Shagari fuɗɗii &quot;Revolution verte&quot;, renndinde aawdi e ñamri e remooɓe ngam ɓeydude ngalu leydi ndii fof e nder ndema, E nder ndema. Faandaare ndee wonnoo ko ƴellitde kuutoragol masiŋaaji mekanik e nder ndema. Ndee eɓɓaande ina weltini remooɓe mawɓe ngam waawde feewnude geɗe keewɗe. O yamiri kadi baraas Bakalori e nder diiwaan Sokoto, e diiwaan Caad fombina, e diiwaan Borno, baraas Kafin Zaki e nder diiwaan Bauchi, baraas maayo Ogun, e diiwaan Ogun, baraas Dadin Kowa e nder diiwaan Bauchi, baraas Goronyo e nder diiwaan Sokoto, e baraas Zobe, e nder diiwaan Kastina.

== Kuugal ==

== Miijo njamndi Ajaokuta ==
E hitaande 1980, e ngalu petroŋ, Shagari joofni mahngo refineeri Kaduna, fuɗɗii golle e ndeen hitaande. Kadi e ngalu petroŋ, Shagari fuɗɗii mahngo Ajaokuta Steel Mill mo fotnoo timmude e hitaande 1983. Ko eɓɓaande ɓurnde mawnude e eɓɓaande steel nde meeɗaa fuɗɗaade e Afrik e sahaa mahngo mum. Koolol njamndi ngol noddiraa ko &quot;kaaƴe gonɗe e njulaagu leydi Najeriya&quot;.

Shagari timmini kuugal njamndi Delta nder hitaande 1982. Haa hitaande 1983, Shagari sosi sosiyetee limngal aluminium lesdi Naajeeriya haa Ikot Abasi. Mills Rolling Steel tati goɗɗi ɗo mahaa, ina jeyaa heen ɗi Osogbo, Katsina e Jos. Kono Shagari ustii geɗal royalties petroŋ e renndo to dowla iwdi gila e 30 haa 2 e nder teemedere. Shagari sosi kadi Duɗal janngingol petroŋ.

Wonno kadi ko gollorɗe otooji ko wayi no ANAMMCO to Anambra ɗe ndarnaa e hitaande 1980, gollorɗe mooɓondiral Volkswagen to diiwaan Oyo, otooji Peugeot to diiwaan Kaduna, FIAT to diiwaan Kano e Styer to diiwaan Bauchi.

== Koɗki ==
To bannge galleeji, Shagari ina joginoo faandaare mahde 200 000 galle, kono haa lewru suwee 1983, ko ujunnaaje capanɗe tati (32 000) galle tan njoofi. Fuu e ŋakkeende mum, ko ɗum eɓɓoore ɓurnde mawnude nde Naajeeriya meeɗi yiyde e nder galleeji laamu.

== Hortol ==
Laana ndiwoowa Nigeria (jooni ɗon mari duuɓi) yi'i duuɓi maako kaŋŋe wakkati Republique ɗiɗaɓre les lesdi Shehu Shagari

E nder yah-ngartaa, o udditi laawol ɗuuɗngol nder lesdi ndi'i hawtaade e ngol yahdugo haa laamorde lesdi ndi'i, Abuja. Laabi goɗɗi teskinɗi peewnaaɗi ko wayi no : Badagry-Sokoto, Lagos-Kano, Port Harcourt-Enugu, Kano-Bauchi, Warri-Okene, Abuja-Kaduna, Calabar-Ikom, Yola-Maiduguri, Mokwa-Jidda, Abuja-Keffi, Effurun-Katsibia-Patanii e Effurun-Katsibia-Patanii Potiskum-Mayduguri.

Shagari kadi mahii e moƴƴinii won e portooji maayo ina jeyaa heen Porto Sapele e fuɗɗoraade Port Harcourt Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe. Portooji nder leydi kadi mahaa e jamaanu kadi porto maayo keso yamiraama to Onitsha e porto maayo goɗɗo jamaanu ngam golloraade Ajaokuta Steel Mill.

To bannge diwooje, Shagari sosi ministeer diwooje, mahii diwooje tati to Minna, Bauchi e Akure. Piirooji kesi kadi keɓaama ngam Naajeeriya Airways ina heen laanaaji diwooje Boeing 737s 8 e laanaaji diwooje 4 Airbus A310s ɗi Naajeeriya ɓuri jogaade laylaytol diwooje ɓurngol mawnude e nder Afrik.

== Kaalis ==
Doggol coggu petrol ngol fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1981, toɗɗii kaalis laamu leydi Najeriya. Shagari « salii jaɓɓaade » njuɓɓudi njuɓɓudi ummoraade e FMI e Banke Adunaajo nde kiris oo yahrata yeeso, o fuɗɗii kadi Porogaraam ngam dartinde faggudu ngam wallitde reende leydi ndii e jippagol tiiɗngol gila e tolnooji toowɗi gadani ɗii e kitaale 1970 e ƴellitde faggudu nduu feewde e ɓeydagol moƴƴol. Faandaare mawnde eɓɓaande ndee ko ustude lisaasuuji naatgol, ustude njoɓdi laamu, e ɓeydude njoɓɗeele doosɗe. Kono njeñtudi porogaraam dartingol ngol ina famɗi.

== Korsa e Tiɗnaare Haɓaade Korsa ==
Hay so tawii Shehu Shagari woppitaama e hoore mum e golle bonɗe, Republique ɗiɗmo oo ina wondi e tuumeede fenaande, haa arti noon e tuumeede fenaande woote e wooteeji 1983. Ɗumɗoon noon, yantude e ustaare coggu petroŋ winndere ndee, e bonnugol kaalis ngenndi, caɗeele, addani laamu nguu waasde yiɗde ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii no feewi.

Kono hade makko ittude e laamu, e manndaa makko ɗiɗmo, Shagari waɗii eɓɓooje ngam haɓaade fenaande rewrude e ministeer keso toppitiiɗo ko fayti e njuɓɓudi ngenndiwal e gardagol Yusuf Maitama Sule, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko ɗuum tan sosaa. Taskaram kesum fuɗɗaama wi'eteeɗum Ethical Revolution ko mari hare mawnde ngam haɓugo bee ɓilla lesdi Gen. Muhammadu Buhari nder Eɓɓooje maako. Jaagorgal ngal duumiima tan ko lebbi tati hade kuudetaa 1983. E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo juutɗo, Shagari joginoo tan ko 7 e nder 45 jaagorɗe laamu ɓennungu nguu ngam hollirde darnde mum e haɓaade fenaande. Kono ɗuum jaɓaani junngo militeer en ƴettuɗo laamu nguu.

== E nder laamu ==

== E duuɓi tokoosi. ==
Laamu Shagari waɗii nafooje keewɗe e jaŋde. E nder manndaa makko duuɓi nay, ɓeydagol mawngol waɗii e duɗe hakkundeeje, jannginooɓe e duɗe janngirɗe kolees ɓeydiima. E hitaande 1981 kampaañ jaŋde mawnde fuɗɗii, e hitaande 1982, jaŋde 6–3–3–5 fuɗɗii. Laamu Shagari kadi mahii duɗe janngirɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Najeriya. Jaaɓihaaɗtirdeeji kesi karallaagal ɗo sosaa e nder diiwanuuji Bauchi, Benue, Adamawa, Ondo, Imo, e Osun. Ɓe ngoni Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Karallaagal Yola; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Akure; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Owerri; Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal fedde Minna; Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde ndema fedde nde, Abeokuta ; e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Abuubakar taafawa balewa. Laamu Shagari kadi ƴettii koleesuuji jaŋde goɗɗi jeeɗiɗi gonɗi hannde ɗii, mbaɗti ɗum en duɗe dokkuɗe dipolomaaji to Abraka, Ondo, Kano, Ado Ekiti, Bidda, Port Harcourt, e Zaria e kadi sosde politeknikuuji goɗɗi jeetati fedde nde to Ado Ekiti, Bidda, Bauchi, Idah, Uwana e Yofiklapo). Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Federal Open of Nigeria kadi sosaa ko e sahaa nde laamu Shagari joofi e hitaande 1981. Kadi ina rokka bursiiji ngam janngooɓe caggal leydi.

E nder kampaañ makko, Shagari suɓii debbo gooto ummoriiɗo to diiwaan Imo ngam wonde kanndidaa makko, ngam wonde cukko hooreejo leydi makko. Ammaa o sali ɓaawo o jaɓi ko adii, ngam soynde ballal hukuumaaji lesdi Naajeeriya haa Fombina-Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya to tikket cukko hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya zoned to, ɗum woni ko ɓuri ɓadaaki rewɓe Naajeeriya haa hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya. Ɗum fof e wayde noon, jaagorɗe e dipolomaat en rewɓe adanɓe e nder leydi Najeriya ko Shagari toɗɗii ɗum en. O toɗɗii Ebun Oyagbola yo won jaagorgal ko feewti e peewnugol leydi, caggal ɗuum o wonti ammbasadeer to leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik to Panama, Kosta Rika e Guatemala e Mrs Janet Akinrinade yo won jaagorgal nder leydi e jaagorɗe ɗiɗi goɗɗe rewɓe Mrs Asinobi e Mrs Ivasi. Ko noon kadi, Mrs Elizabeth Ogbon toɗɗaama konsul mawɗo to Hamburg Almaañ, Mrs R Mohammed woni ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to Bostwana e Zimbaabwee. Nde tawnoo sukaaɓe heewɓe ina njokkondiri e laamu Shagari e jaagorɗe e wasiyaaji. Ina jeyaa e ɓurɓe anndeede ɓee, Prof. Pat Utomi, mo duuɓi 29 nde o toɗɗaa jaagorgal faggudu. Jaagorɗe toɗɗaaɗe e nder duuɓi mum en njahrata ko e duuɓi 30 ko Audu Innocent Ogbeh (32) e Bello Maitama Yusuf (34). Heewɓe e jaagorɗe kabine ɗee ina njogii duuɓi 50 les.

== Geɗe ngenndiije ==

== NNS AARADU ==

== Ƴellitaare konu ==
Laamu Shagari nguu duuɓi gooti yi’i ɓeydagol jaawngol e mbaawkaaji konu leydi Naajeeriya. Naajeeriya heɓi ko ɓuri heewde e kaɓirɗe mum softuɗe e ooɗoo sahaa haa e ƴellitgol e keɓgol ko ɓooyaani koo. Sodeede konu e les njiimaandi Shagari ina heddii e ɓurde toowde e nder daartol leydi Najeriya. Ina jeyaa heen laanaaji diwooje alfa, laanaaji diwooje MIG, laanaaji diwooje 3 C-130H-30 Hercules, laanaaji diwooje elikopteeruuji e ko nanndi heen. NNS Aradu (F89) woni laanawol ɓurngol softugo nder konu ndiyam Naajeeriya heɓaama wakkati maako.

== Maitatsine e Kano 1980 fitina ==
Binndanɗe mawɗe : Maitatsine e fitina Kano 1980

Fitinaaji Kano 1980 ko fitinaaji to Kano, leydi Nijeer, tawi ko Maitatsine, waajotooɗo seernaaɓe, e wondiiɓe mum ardii ɗum. Ko ngol woni go’o ko hare mawnde diine e nder Kano caggal koloñaal. Ko ina ɓura 4 177 siwil, 100 polis e fotde 35 militeer mbaraama, tawi heen Maitatsine e hoore mum, ina heewi siforeede ko fuɗɗoode Yan Tatsine. Sabu ɗuum, won miijo yaajngo wonde kisal e faggudu leydi Najeriya ina hulɓinii e juuɗe yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leyɗeele goɗɗe ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje, kadi ngool miijo ina ɓeydoo tiiɗde sabu yimɓe woɗɓe Afrik hirnaange mballitii e njulaagu nguu. Jaagorgal ko feewti e leydi Niger, Caad, Kamerun, Mali e Burkina Faso wondude e ko ina tolnoo e 6 000 juulɓe Naajeeriya mbaraama ko ina tolnoo e 100 poliseeɓe, ɓe ngañii heen 100 poliseeɓe. Konu nodditaa, ustii ngonka ka hade fanatik en ɓee ƴattaade leydi ndii. Kono tan, lowre laamu hollitii wonde ko alɗuɓe ɓe ngonaa laamuyankooɓe ngaddi caɗeele ɗee.

== Riiwtude eggooɓe ==
Winndannde mawnde: Riiwtude yimɓe Afrik hirnaange ummoriiɓe leydi Nijeer

E hitaande 1983, Shagari yaltini yamiroore kuuɓtodinnde, yamiri eggooɓe ɓe ngalaa kaayitaaji immigration laaɓtuɗi yo njaltu leydi ndii, so wonaa ɗuum ɓe nanngee no sariya yamiri nii. Yamiroore ndee ko ngam jaabaade jiiɓru diineeji baɗnooɗi e nokkuuji leydi ndii e hitaande 1980 (Kano 1980 Riots) e hitaande 1981. Ko ɓuri heewde e eggooɓe ɓee ko Afriknaaɓe hirnaange, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Ganaanaaɓe. Ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi worɓe e rewɓe e sukaaɓe ngoni heen.

== Teritorium Laamorde Fedde nde ==
Ko adii nde Shagari artata, Abuja ko leydi mboɗeeri tan, ndi alaa ƴellitaare. Shehu Shagari waɗii njuɓɓudi gadani wuro keso ngoo, gadano oo ko laawol ummoraade Suleja haa nokku ɗo laamorgo ngoo woni ɗoo. Ko heddii e golle ɗee ko kuuraa, ndiyam, e laabi.

== Usmaan Dam Abuja ==
Baraas Usman mahaa ko e hitaande 1980, ko ngam heblude haajuuji ndiyam wuro ngo. Wuro ngoo kadi ina jokkondiri e laylaytol ngenndiwal e oon sahaa. Kadi laawol kesol ngol laana ndiwoowa waɗaama ngol jooni moƴƴinaama, ngol ɓeydaama no laamorgo hakkunde leyɗeele Nnamdi Azikiwe. Infrastructures goɗɗe ina mbaɗi 5,000 galleeji ngam gollotooɓe e fedde nde, sekretariat suudu laamu e suudu hoɗɓe hooreejo leydi (Aguda House), suudu laamu, Asamblee ngenndiijo e juulirɗe ngenndiije kadi ina mahaa, oteluuji 3 koode joy, duɗe, opitaaluuji, mahdiiji goɗɗi e won e laawol mawngol feewde e nder wuro Shagari ina ngondi e golle.

E hitaande 1983, Abuja wonti wuro gollorngo ngo batuuji diisnondiral e mawningol ngenndiwal mbaɗata toon. Nde Shagari ittaa, o woni ko e wuro ngam siwtaare. Abuja laati gila nden wuro mawngo, jooni laati laamorde lesdi Naajeeriya. Abuja siforiima no eɓɓoore wootere ɓurnde yuumtude e nder teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko architecte mawɗo biyeteeɗo Nnamdi Elleh siforii ɗum.

== Geɗe caggal leydi ==
Hooreejo leydi Shagari e wonndude e hooreejo leydi Jimmy Carter e Cicely Tyson to galle daneejo

Hooreejo leydi Shagari jokki politik leydi Naajeeriya gila 1960, tawi ko Afrik woni ko e dow mum. Kanko Shagari o wonaa keso e jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ngam o ardii delegaasiyoŋaaji keewɗi e nder leydi Najeriya gila nde o heɓi ndimaagu makko. Hooreejo leydi makko ina daraninoo e waɗde golle tiiɗɗe ngam haɓaade apartaayd to Afrik worgo e laamu ɓaleeɓe tokosɓe to Sammbi e Zimbaabwee. Hare ndimaagu ko golle ɗe hooreejo leydi Shagari foti waɗde. O waɗii laabi keewɗi darnde makko e kala nokku ɗo o woni ɗoo, haa arti noon e njilluuji makko to leydi Angalteer e leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik ɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Jimmy Carter, jaarnoo mo e jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee. Koolol hakkunde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Shagari e gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Margaret Thatcher ina hollita wonde o waɗii tiiɗnaare mawnde e Angalteer ko fayti e jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee haa arti noon e risk jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele ɗiɗi ɗee.

Shagari ina salminaa e Seneraal Archer Durham to nokku ɗo konu Andrews woni ɗoo, nde o ari e njillu.

Joɗnde Fuɗnaange-Fuɗnaange to Cancun, Oktoobar 1981

E hitaande 1980, e nder mawningol jeytaare leydi Zimbaabwee, hooreejo leydi ndii hono Shagari fodaniino 15 miliyoŋ dolaar e nder mawningol ngol ngam jannginde Zimbaabwee en wonɓe to Zimbaabwee e wonɓe e leyɗeele goɗɗe to leydi Nijeer. Laamu Mugaabe huutoriima feccere e ngalu nguu ngam soodde sosiyateeji jaayɗe jeyaaɗi e Afrik worgonaaɓe, ɗum ɓeydi doole laamu nguu e jaayɗe. Heddii ko e jannginde almudɓe e nder duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya, gollotooɓe e laamu to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde (College des staffs) Naajeeriya to Badagry, e sooje en to duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Kaduna. E darorɗe hitaande ndee, Mugabe yamiri ciimtol BBC ko faati e ndimaagu jaayɗe to Zimbaabwee. BBC yaltinii ciimtol mum ñalnde 26 lewru nduu, ina wasiyoo yo fedde jaayndeyaagal Zimbaabwee ndee waɗtu jeytaare mum e nafooje politik.

Shagari kadi waɗii eɓɓooje ngam sosde jokkondiral hakkunde Naajeeriya e Afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe e nder njilluuji mum to Amerik. To Harlem ɗo o adii yillaade e jaɓɓaade ñalngu ardiiɓe ɓaleeɓe, o noddii wonde ina haani jokkondiral faggudu e afriknaaɓe Ameriknaaɓe. Kono caggal wooteeji mawɗi Amerik e hitaande 1980 ɗi ngaddi hooreejo leydi ndi hono Ronald Reagan, jokkondiral hakkunde Nijeer e Amerik heɓiino ŋakkere haa teeŋti noon e sahaa nde Nijeer salii jeyeede e Olimpiyaaji 1980 ɗi Nijeer salii jeyeede heen. Hooreejo leydi Shagari ɗon semmbiɗina dow jogaago siyaasaaku Naajeeriya dow ko laarani limngal lesdi Naajeeriya, nden o nasti nder fijirde Olympic lesdi Russiya koo ngam hukuumaaji pamari Carter neldi boxer mawɗo Mohammed Ali haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Shagari salii yiyde Mohammed Ali e nder njillu mum lobbo.

Naajeeriya ina joginoo luural keeri hakkunde mum e leydi Caad e leydi Kameruun, ɗum noon ko ɗum fotnoo arde e ngonka wolde kono Shagari reentini ɗum e hakkille. Laamu Shagari ko balloowo mawɗo CEDEAO, rokki ɗum nokku ngam mahde galle laamorɗo mum to Abuja. Kono hay so laamu Shagari waɗii jam e hoɗdiiɓe mum, ngu riiwti yimɓe ɓe ngalaa kaayitaaji, tawi ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Ganaa en e hitaande 1983. Hay so tawii ko Naajeeriyankooɓe njiɗi ɗum, golle ɗee ina keewi ñiŋeede e nder miijooji. Nde anndiraa ko Ghana Must Go, woni riiwtude yimɓe Afrik hirnaange ummoriiɓe leydi Najeriya.

== Gagga Republique ɗiɗaɓere ==
Binndanɗe mawɗe: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer e hitaande 1983 e Kawtal konu Nijeer (1983–1985)

Shagari dañii manndaa ɗiɗaɓo duuɓi nay e hitaande 1983, o dañii nafoore e wooteeji mawɗi hade makko foolde laamu, o nanngaa e juuɗe Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari e nder kuudetaa konu ñalnde 31 lewru Duujal hitaande 1983.

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==

== Wade ==
Ñalnde 28 lewru Duujal hitaande 2018, hedde waktu 18ɓo e feccere kikiiɗe, Shehu Shagari maayi ko e rafi seeɗa to opitaal ngenndiwal, Abuja, ɗo o naati e safaara hade makko maayde. Ko taaniiko Bello Bala Shagari e guwerneer Tambuwal tabitini ɗum e nder tweets nannduɗi e mum e sahaa maayde makko.

== Dewgal ==
Shehu Shagari resi rewɓe tato: Amina, Aisha, e Hadiza Shagari. Omo jibini ɓiɓɓe heewɓe, ina heen Muhammadu Bala Shagari e Aminu Shehu Shagari. Ñalnde 24 ut 2001, Aisha sankii to opitaal Londres caggal rafi seeɗa. O mari duuɓi 49.Hadiza maayi bee duuɓi 80 ngam nyawu COVID-19 haa Abuja nyande 12 lewru Ogost 2021.

== Defte ==
Noddaama ngam golloraade (Taariindi nguurndam)

Caɗeele waylo-waylo (Koolol konnguɗi)

Wakar nijeriya ko jimɗi leydi nijeriya (yimre)

Usmaan Dan Fodio: Teori e gollal ardorde makko

Yiide am ngam Naajeeriya

== Ƴeew kadi ==
portal Nijeer bannge

Kabinee Shehu Shagari

Doggol hooreeɓe leydi Naajeeriya

== Sokotoo ==

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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    <title>Olusola Saraki</title>
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      <text bytes="2926" sha1="ewt673vjy1mgcps7spfgikd67kt28s2" xml:space="preserve">Abubakar Olusola Saraki (innde mumⓘ; 17 mee 1933 – 14 noowammbar 2012) ko politikaajo Naajeeriya, o wonnoo ko senaateer to leydi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓiri (1979–1983 O woniino jogiiɗo tiitoonde laamu Waziri to Ilojirin Egoroound.

Ɓawo
Olusola Saraki jibinaa ko ñalnde 17 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1933 to diiwaan Kwara, o maayi ko to Lagos ñalnde 14 noowammbar 2012. Yumma makko ko Iseyin to diiwaan Oyo, baaba makko ko Mali, kono o janngi ko ganndal lislaam (Ile-Kewu) to Ilorin. Taamiraaɓe makko to bannge baaba ko Fulɓe ummoriiɓe Mali ko ina wona duuɓi 150 haa 200 ko adii ɗuum. Olusola Saraki janngi ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Eko. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres e duɗal safaara St George’s Hospital, to Londres. O golliima e opitaal mawɗo, Lagos e opitaal Creek, Lagos.

Olusola Saraki naati e politik nde o tawtoraama e woote parlemaa 1964 ngam suɓaade Ilorin ngam wonde hooreejo leydi, kono o dañii Caggal woote ɗee, o arti e golle makko safaara to Lagos, o arti tan e politik lannda e hitaande 1978/79.

Olusola Sakari sankii ñalnde alarba 14 noowammbar 2012 to Lagos, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 79 caggal nde o fooli hare e rafi kanseer. O wirnaa ko to Ilorin.

Golle senateeruuji
E hitaande 1977, Olusola Saraki toɗɗaa yo won tergal Asaambele doosgal peewnoowo doosgal leydi 1979. E hitaande 1979, o toɗɗaa senaateer Republique ɗiɗmo, o woni hooreejo Senaa. E hitaande 1983 Saraki suɓaama kadi e nder Senaa e dow laylaytol lannda ngenndiijo leydi Najeriya (NPN).

Golle caggal ɗuum

Diiwal Kwara nder leydi Naajeeriya
O tawtoraama hooreejo leydi e les njiimaandi lannda Social Democratic (SDP) e nder republique tataɓo, o woniino tergal e Goomu nanondiral ngenndiwal (CNC) e nder porogaraam mbayliigu Abacha. E hitaande 1998, Olusola Saraki wonti Ardiiɗo Ngenndiijo e tergal Yiilirde Ngenndiire Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (APP), o wallitii e nafoore APP e nder diiwanuuji Kwara e Kogi. O wallitii Mohammed Alabi Lawal haa o laatoo Gomna Jiiwal Kwara. E hitaande 2001 o woniino hooreejo fedde ummoriinde e Arewa Consultative Forum, fedde pinal e politik to bannge worgo, nelaaɗo ngam hawrude e yeewtidde e guwerneeruuji diiwanuuji to bannge worgo e ardiiɓe woɗɓe. Caggal mum Saraki wayli alkule mum e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder wooteeji 2003 o walli ɓiyiiko Bukola Saraki ngam wonde kanndidaa guwerneer diiwaan Kwara e lewru abriil 2003 e ɓiyiiko debbo Gbemisola R. Saraki ngam wonde senaateer diiwaan Kwara hakkundeejo e lewru abriil 2003.

O jeyaa ko e Goomu nanondiral ngenndiwal (CNC)[13] e nder porogaraam mbayliigu Abacha.

Ɓiyiiko Bukola Saraki laati hooreejo senaajo lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 9 lewru Juko hitaande 2015 nder senaajo jeetati Naajeeriya . Bukola Saraki noon, o dañii kadi ƴaañorgal ngam heɓde jooɗorde Senator e nder wooteeji lewru feebariyee 2019 kono o dañii foolde Dr Ibrahim Oloriegbe mo fedde wiyeteende APC.

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      <text bytes="2937" sha1="b05b0zsji6e5aqi46qnzumxpl5qnpmd" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Abubakar Olusola Saraki (innde mumⓘ; 17 mee 1933 – 14 noowammbar 2012) ko politikaajo Naajeeriya, o wonnoo ko senaateer to leydi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓiri (1979–1983 O woniino jogiiɗo tiitoonde laamu Waziri to Ilojirin Egoroound.

Ɓawo
Olusola Saraki jibinaa ko ñalnde 17 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1933 to diiwaan Kwara, o maayi ko to Lagos ñalnde 14 noowammbar 2012. Yumma makko ko Iseyin to diiwaan Oyo, baaba makko ko Mali, kono o janngi ko ganndal lislaam (Ile-Kewu) to Ilorin. Taamiraaɓe makko to bannge baaba ko Fulɓe ummoriiɓe Mali ko ina wona duuɓi 150 haa 200 ko adii ɗuum. Olusola Saraki janngi ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Eko. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres e duɗal safaara St George’s Hospital, to Londres. O golliima e opitaal mawɗo, Lagos e opitaal Creek, Lagos.

Olusola Saraki naati e politik nde o tawtoraama e woote parlemaa 1964 ngam suɓaade Ilorin ngam wonde hooreejo leydi, kono o dañii Caggal woote ɗee, o arti e golle makko safaara to Lagos, o arti tan e politik lannda e hitaande 1978/79.

Olusola Sakari sankii ñalnde alarba 14 noowammbar 2012 to Lagos, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 79 caggal nde o fooli hare e rafi kanseer. O wirnaa ko to Ilorin.

Golle senateeruuji
E hitaande 1977, Olusola Saraki toɗɗaa yo won tergal Asaambele doosgal peewnoowo doosgal leydi 1979. E hitaande 1979, o toɗɗaa senaateer Republique ɗiɗmo, o woni hooreejo Senaa. E hitaande 1983 Saraki suɓaama kadi e nder Senaa e dow laylaytol lannda ngenndiijo leydi Najeriya (NPN).

Golle caggal ɗuum

Diiwal Kwara nder leydi Naajeeriya
O tawtoraama hooreejo leydi e les njiimaandi lannda Social Democratic (SDP) e nder republique tataɓo, o woniino tergal e Goomu nanondiral ngenndiwal (CNC) e nder porogaraam mbayliigu Abacha. E hitaande 1998, Olusola Saraki wonti Ardiiɗo Ngenndiijo e tergal Yiilirde Ngenndiire Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (APP), o wallitii e nafoore APP e nder diiwanuuji Kwara e Kogi. O wallitii Mohammed Alabi Lawal haa o laatoo Gomna Jiiwal Kwara. E hitaande 2001 o woniino hooreejo fedde ummoriinde e Arewa Consultative Forum, fedde pinal e politik to bannge worgo, nelaaɗo ngam hawrude e yeewtidde e guwerneeruuji diiwanuuji to bannge worgo e ardiiɓe woɗɓe. Caggal mum Saraki wayli alkule mum e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder wooteeji 2003 o walli ɓiyiiko Bukola Saraki ngam wonde kanndidaa guwerneer diiwaan Kwara e lewru abriil 2003 e ɓiyiiko debbo Gbemisola R. Saraki ngam wonde senaateer diiwaan Kwara hakkundeejo e lewru abriil 2003.

O jeyaa ko e Goomu nanondiral ngenndiwal (CNC)[13] e nder porogaraam mbayliigu Abacha.

Ɓiyiiko Bukola Saraki laati hooreejo senaajo lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 9 lewru Juko hitaande 2015 nder senaajo jeetati Naajeeriya . Bukola Saraki noon, o dañii kadi ƴaañorgal ngam heɓde jooɗorde Senator e nder wooteeji lewru feebariyee 2019 kono o dañii foolde Dr Ibrahim Oloriegbe mo fedde wiyeteende APC.

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      <text bytes="2966" sha1="phupzd3zue4fx92tax679399crpurya" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Abubakar Olusola Saraki''' (innde mumⓘ; 17 mee 1933 – 14 noowammbar 2012) ko politikaajo Naajeeriya, o wonnoo ko senaateer to leydi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓiri (1979–1983 O woniino jogiiɗo tiitoonde laamu Waziri to Ilojirin Egoroound.

== Ɓawo ==
Olusola Saraki jibinaa ko ñalnde 17 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1933 to diiwaan Kwara, o maayi ko to Lagos ñalnde 14 noowammbar 2012. Yumma makko ko Iseyin to diiwaan Oyo, baaba makko ko Mali, kono o janngi ko ganndal lislaam (Ile-Kewu) to Ilorin. Taamiraaɓe makko to bannge baaba ko Fulɓe ummoriiɓe Mali ko ina wona duuɓi 150 haa 200 ko adii ɗuum. Olusola Saraki janngi ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Eko. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres e duɗal safaara St George’s Hospital, to Londres. O golliima e opitaal mawɗo, Lagos e opitaal Creek, Lagos.

Olusola Saraki naati e politik nde o tawtoraama e woote parlemaa 1964 ngam suɓaade Ilorin ngam wonde hooreejo leydi, kono o dañii Caggal woote ɗee, o arti e golle makko safaara to Lagos, o arti tan e politik lannda e hitaande 1978/79.

Olusola Sakari sankii ñalnde alarba 14 noowammbar 2012 to Lagos, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 79 caggal nde o fooli hare e rafi kanseer. O wirnaa ko to Ilorin.

== Golle senateeruuji ==
E hitaande 1977, Olusola Saraki toɗɗaa yo won tergal Asaambele doosgal peewnoowo doosgal leydi 1979. E hitaande 1979, o toɗɗaa senaateer Republique ɗiɗmo, o woni hooreejo Senaa. E hitaande 1983 Saraki suɓaama kadi e nder Senaa e dow laylaytol lannda ngenndiijo leydi Najeriya (NPN).

== Golle caggal ɗuum ==
Diiwal Kwara nder leydi Naajeeriya
O tawtoraama hooreejo leydi e les njiimaandi lannda Social Democratic (SDP) e nder republique tataɓo, o woniino tergal e Goomu nanondiral ngenndiwal (CNC) e nder porogaraam mbayliigu Abacha. E hitaande 1998, Olusola Saraki wonti Ardiiɗo Ngenndiijo e tergal Yiilirde Ngenndiire Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (APP), o wallitii e nafoore APP e nder diiwanuuji Kwara e Kogi. O wallitii Mohammed Alabi Lawal haa o laatoo Gomna Jiiwal Kwara. E hitaande 2001 o woniino hooreejo fedde ummoriinde e Arewa Consultative Forum, fedde pinal e politik to bannge worgo, nelaaɗo ngam hawrude e yeewtidde e guwerneeruuji diiwanuuji to bannge worgo e ardiiɓe woɗɓe. Caggal mum Saraki wayli alkule mum e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder wooteeji 2003 o walli ɓiyiiko Bukola Saraki ngam wonde kanndidaa guwerneer diiwaan Kwara e lewru abriil 2003 e ɓiyiiko debbo Gbemisola R. Saraki ngam wonde senaateer diiwaan Kwara hakkundeejo e lewru abriil 2003.

O jeyaa ko e Goomu nanondiral ngenndiwal (CNC)[13] e nder porogaraam mbayliigu Abacha.

Ɓiyiiko Bukola Saraki laati hooreejo senaajo lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 9 lewru Juko hitaande 2015 nder senaajo jeetati Naajeeriya . Bukola Saraki noon, o dañii kadi ƴaañorgal ngam heɓde jooɗorde Senator e nder wooteeji lewru feebariyee 2019 kono o dañii foolde Dr Ibrahim Oloriegbe mo fedde wiyeteende APC.

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      <text bytes="3265" sha1="287c35x1e4ozesasc7c0f0rvo5jxdfd" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Abubakar Olusola Saraki''' (innde mumⓘ; 17 mee 1933 – 14 noowammbar 2012) ko politikaajo Naajeeriya, o wonnoo ko senaateer to leydi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓiri (1979–1983 O woniino jogiiɗo tiitoonde laamu Waziri to Ilojirin Egoroound.

== Ɓawo ==
Olusola Saraki jibinaa ko ñalnde 17 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1933 to diiwaan Kwara, o maayi ko to Lagos ñalnde 14 noowammbar 2012. Yumma makko ko Iseyin to diiwaan Oyo, baaba makko ko Mali, kono o janngi ko ganndal lislaam (Ile-Kewu) to Ilorin. Taamiraaɓe makko to bannge baaba ko Fulɓe ummoriiɓe Mali ko ina wona duuɓi 150 haa 200 ko adii ɗuum. Olusola Saraki janngi ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Eko. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres e duɗal safaara St George’s Hospital, to Londres. O golliima e opitaal mawɗo, Lagos e opitaal Creek, Lagos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite(Nigeria)|&lt;nowiki&gt;Vanguard]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=admin|date=2017-06-15|title=In Honour of Olusola Saraki|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/06/16/in-honour-of-olusola-saraki/|access-date=2022-03-08|newspaper=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Olusola Saraki naati e politik nde o tawtoraama e woote parlemaa 1964 ngam suɓaade Ilorin ngam wonde hooreejo leydi, kono o dañii Caggal woote ɗee, o arti e golle makko safaara to Lagos, o arti tan e politik lannda e hitaande 1978/79.

Olusola Sakari sankii ñalnde alarba 14 noowammbar 2012 to Lagos, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 79 caggal nde o fooli hare e rafi kanseer. O wirnaa ko to Ilorin.

== Golle senateeruuji ==
E hitaande 1977, Olusola Saraki toɗɗaa yo won tergal Asaambele doosgal peewnoowo doosgal leydi 1979. E hitaande 1979, o toɗɗaa senaateer Republique ɗiɗmo, o woni hooreejo Senaa. E hitaande 1983 Saraki suɓaama kadi e nder Senaa e dow laylaytol lannda ngenndiijo leydi Najeriya (NPN).

== Golle caggal ɗuum ==
Diiwal Kwara nder leydi Naajeeriya
O tawtoraama hooreejo leydi e les njiimaandi lannda Social Democratic (SDP) e nder republique tataɓo, o woniino tergal e Goomu nanondiral ngenndiwal (CNC) e nder porogaraam mbayliigu Abacha. E hitaande 1998, Olusola Saraki wonti Ardiiɗo Ngenndiijo e tergal Yiilirde Ngenndiire Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (APP), o wallitii e nafoore APP e nder diiwanuuji Kwara e Kogi. O wallitii Mohammed Alabi Lawal haa o laatoo Gomna Jiiwal Kwara. E hitaande 2001 o woniino hooreejo fedde ummoriinde e Arewa Consultative Forum, fedde pinal e politik to bannge worgo, nelaaɗo ngam hawrude e yeewtidde e guwerneeruuji diiwanuuji to bannge worgo e ardiiɓe woɗɓe. Caggal mum Saraki wayli alkule mum e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder wooteeji 2003 o walli ɓiyiiko Bukola Saraki ngam wonde kanndidaa guwerneer diiwaan Kwara e lewru abriil 2003 e ɓiyiiko debbo Gbemisola R. Saraki ngam wonde senaateer diiwaan Kwara hakkundeejo e lewru abriil 2003.

O jeyaa ko e Goomu nanondiral ngenndiwal (CNC)[13] e nder porogaraam mbayliigu Abacha.

Ɓiyiiko Bukola Saraki laati hooreejo senaajo lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 9 lewru Juko hitaande 2015 nder senaajo jeetati Naajeeriya . Bukola Saraki noon, o dañii kadi ƴaañorgal ngam heɓde jooɗorde Senator e nder wooteeji lewru feebariyee 2019 kono o dañii foolde Dr Ibrahim Oloriegbe mo fedde wiyeteende APC.

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      <text bytes="3863" sha1="3yvisoqovmjwnzwaw99uy8ysfutwf84" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Abubakar Olusola Saraki''' (innde mumⓘ; 17 mee 1933 – 14 noowammbar 2012) ko politikaajo Naajeeriya, o wonnoo ko senaateer to leydi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓiri (1979–1983 O woniino jogiiɗo tiitoonde laamu Waziri to Ilojirin Egoroound.

== Ɓawo ==
Olusola Saraki jibinaa ko ñalnde 17 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1933 to diiwaan Kwara, o maayi ko to Lagos ñalnde 14 noowammbar 2012. Yumma makko ko Iseyin to diiwaan Oyo, baaba makko ko Mali, kono o janngi ko ganndal lislaam (Ile-Kewu) to Ilorin. Taamiraaɓe makko to bannge baaba ko Fulɓe ummoriiɓe Mali ko ina wona duuɓi 150 haa 200 ko adii ɗuum. Olusola Saraki janngi ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Eko. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres e duɗal safaara St George’s Hospital, to Londres. O golliima e opitaal mawɗo, Lagos e opitaal Creek, Lagos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite(Nigeria)|&lt;nowiki&gt;Vanguard]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=admin|date=2017-06-15|title=In Honour of Olusola Saraki|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/06/16/in-honour-of-olusola-saraki/|access-date=2022-03-08|newspaper=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Olusola Saraki naati e politik nde o tawtoraama e woote parlemaa 1964 ngam suɓaade Ilorin ngam wonde hooreejo leydi, kono o dañii Caggal woote ɗee, o arti e golle makko safaara to Lagos, o arti tan e politik lannda e hitaande 1978/79.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; He was the holder of the chieftaincy title of the '''Waziri'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2012-11-14|title=How Olusola Saraki lost battle to cancer - Son|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/11/how-olusola-saraki-lost-battle-to-cancer-son/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-02-27|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=admin|date=2017-06-15|title=In Honour of Olusola Saraki|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/06/16/in-honour-of-olusola-saraki/|access-date=2022-03-08|newspaper=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Olusola Sakari sankii ñalnde alarba 14 noowammbar 2012 to Lagos, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 79 caggal nde o fooli hare e rafi kanseer. O wirnaa ko to Ilorin.

== Golle senateeruuji ==
E hitaande 1977, Olusola Saraki toɗɗaa yo won tergal Asaambele doosgal peewnoowo doosgal leydi 1979. E hitaande 1979, o toɗɗaa senaateer Republique ɗiɗmo, o woni hooreejo Senaa. E hitaande 1983 Saraki suɓaama kadi e nder Senaa e dow laylaytol lannda ngenndiijo leydi Najeriya (NPN).

== Golle caggal ɗuum ==
Diiwal Kwara nder leydi Naajeeriya
O tawtoraama hooreejo leydi e les njiimaandi lannda Social Democratic (SDP) e nder republique tataɓo, o woniino tergal e Goomu nanondiral ngenndiwal (CNC) e nder porogaraam mbayliigu Abacha. E hitaande 1998, Olusola Saraki wonti Ardiiɗo Ngenndiijo e tergal Yiilirde Ngenndiire Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (APP), o wallitii e nafoore APP e nder diiwanuuji Kwara e Kogi. O wallitii Mohammed Alabi Lawal haa o laatoo Gomna Jiiwal Kwara. E hitaande 2001 o woniino hooreejo fedde ummoriinde e Arewa Consultative Forum, fedde pinal e politik to bannge worgo, nelaaɗo ngam hawrude e yeewtidde e guwerneeruuji diiwanuuji to bannge worgo e ardiiɓe woɗɓe. Caggal mum Saraki wayli alkule mum e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder wooteeji 2003 o walli ɓiyiiko Bukola Saraki ngam wonde kanndidaa guwerneer diiwaan Kwara e lewru abriil 2003 e ɓiyiiko debbo Gbemisola R. Saraki ngam wonde senaateer diiwaan Kwara hakkundeejo e lewru abriil 2003.

O jeyaa ko e Goomu nanondiral ngenndiwal (CNC)[13] e nder porogaraam mbayliigu Abacha.

Ɓiyiiko Bukola Saraki laati hooreejo senaajo lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 9 lewru Juko hitaande 2015 nder senaajo jeetati Naajeeriya . Bukola Saraki noon, o dañii kadi ƴaañorgal ngam heɓde jooɗorde Senator e nder wooteeji lewru feebariyee 2019 kono o dañii foolde Dr Ibrahim Oloriegbe mo fedde wiyeteende APC.

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      <text bytes="3771" sha1="6nm34c3raarucvbxzhv6whpl3i1dgue" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Abubakar Olusola Saraki''' (innde mumⓘ; 17 mee 1933 – 14 noowammbar 2012) ko politikaajo Naajeeriya, o wonnoo ko senaateer to leydi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓiri (1979–1983 O woniino jogiiɗo tiitoonde laamu Waziri to Ilojirin Egoroound.

== Ɓawo ==
Olusola Saraki jibinaa ko ñalnde 17 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1933 to diiwaan Kwara, o maayi ko to Lagos ñalnde 14 noowammbar 2012. Yumma makko ko Iseyin to diiwaan Oyo, baaba makko ko Mali, kono o janngi ko ganndal lislaam (Ile-Kewu) to Ilorin. Taamiraaɓe makko to bannge baaba ko Fulɓe ummoriiɓe Mali ko ina wona duuɓi 150 haa 200 ko adii ɗuum. Olusola Saraki janngi ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe Eko. O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres e duɗal safaara St George’s Hospital, to Londres. O golliima e opitaal mawɗo, Lagos e opitaal Creek, Lagos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite(Nigeria)|&lt;nowiki&gt;Vanguard]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=admin|date=2017-06-15|title=In Honour of Olusola Saraki|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/06/16/in-honour-of-olusola-saraki/|access-date=2022-03-08|newspaper=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Olusola Saraki naati e politik nde o tawtoraama e woote parlemaa 1964 ngam suɓaade Ilorin ngam wonde hooreejo leydi, kono o dañii Caggal woote ɗee, o arti e golle makko safaara to Lagos, o arti tan e politik lannda e hitaande 1978/79.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2012-11-14|title=How Olusola Saraki lost battle to cancer - Son|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/11/how-olusola-saraki-lost-battle-to-cancer-son/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-02-27|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=admin|date=2017-06-15|title=In Honour of Olusola Saraki|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/06/16/in-honour-of-olusola-saraki/|access-date=2022-03-08|newspaper=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Olusola Sakari sankii ñalnde alarba 14 noowammbar 2012 to Lagos, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 79 caggal nde o fooli hare e rafi kan.&lt;ref name=&quot;bnw196&quot; /&gt;

== Golle senateeruuji ==
E hitaande 1977, Olusola Saraki toɗɗaa yo won tergal Asaambele doosgal peewnoowo doosgal leydi 1979. E hitaande 1979, o toɗɗaa senaateer Republique ɗiɗmo, o woni hooreejo Senaa. E hitaande 1983 Saraki suɓaama kadi e nder Senaa e dow laylaytol lannda ngenndiijo leydi Najeriya (NPN).

== Golle caggal ɗuum ==
Diiwal Kwara nder leydi Naajeeriya
O tawtoraama hooreejo leydi e les njiimaandi lannda Social Democratic (SDP) e nder republique tataɓo, o woniino tergal e Goomu nanondiral ngenndiwal (CNC) e nder porogaraam mbayliigu Abacha. E hitaande 1998, Olusola Saraki wonti Ardiiɗo Ngenndiijo e tergal Yiilirde Ngenndiire Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (APP), o wallitii e nafoore APP e nder diiwanuuji Kwara e Kogi. O wallitii Mohammed Alabi Lawal haa o laatoo Gomna Jiiwal Kwara. E hitaande 2001 o woniino hooreejo fedde ummoriinde e Arewa Consultative Forum, fedde pinal e politik to bannge worgo, nelaaɗo ngam hawrude e yeewtidde e guwerneeruuji diiwanuuji to bannge worgo e ardiiɓe woɗɓe. Caggal mum Saraki wayli alkule mum e lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder wooteeji 2003 o walli ɓiyiiko Bukola Saraki ngam wonde kanndidaa guwerneer diiwaan Kwara e lewru abriil 2003 e ɓiyiiko debbo Gbemisola R. Saraki ngam wonde senaateer diiwaan Kwara hakkundeejo e lewru abriil 2003.

O jeyaa ko e Goomu nanondiral ngenndiwal (CNC)[13] e nder porogaraam mbayliigu Abacha.

Ɓiyiiko Bukola Saraki laati hooreejo senaajo lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 9 lewru Juko hitaande 2015 nder senaajo jeetati Naajeeriya . Bukola Saraki noon, o dañii kadi ƴaañorgal ngam heɓde jooɗorde Senator e nder wooteeji lewru feebariyee 2019 kono o dañii foolde Dr Ibrahim Oloriegbe mo fedde wiyeteende APC.

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  <page>
    <title>Ahmadu Ribadu</title>
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      <text bytes="1647" sha1="dsid00epgxc4hwb5b8dq67d4r6t89a2" xml:space="preserve">Ahmadu Ribadu OON MBE (1925 - May 2003) ko dawruyanke e dipolomaasi Nijeernaajo. Wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, o wakiiliijo diiwal Adamawa Fuunaange nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi ndin diga hitaande 1959 haa hitaande 1966, o laati ministaajo lesdi ndiin nder ministaajo lesdi Naajeeriya ngam ɓamtaare faggudu. Kanko woni baaba mum dawriyanke biyeteeɗo Nuhu Ribadu.

Ribadu fuɗɗii golle mum ko e hitaande 1943 to duɗal leslesal Yola. O waɗi duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii e jannginde, e hitaande 1958, o toɗɗaa gardiiɗo duɗe ngam laamu leydi Adamawa. O suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii e hitaande 1959 e les njiimaandi Kongres yimɓe leydi ndii (NPC), o lomtii diiwaan leydi ndii to Adamawa Fuɗnaange leydi ndii. E hitaande 1965, caggal maayde Mahmud Ribadu, sehil makko ɓadiiɗo, tergal NPC, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Tafawa Balewa wayli kabine mum, toɗɗii Ribadu jaagorgal leydi ndii to bannge ƴellitaare faggudu. O woni e oon nokku haa lewru Yarkomaa 1966, nde Republique gadano oo joofi e kuudetaa konu.

E laamu konu Biraam Mohammed Jega, Ribadu toɗɗaa komisariyaajo kaalis e peewnugol faggudu e nder Dowla Gongola keso sosaa oo (1976–1979). E hitaande 1979, o dañii darnde ngam suɓaade guwerneer diiwaan Gongola e les njiimaandi lannda ngenndiijo leydi Najeriya (NPN), o fooli Abubakar Barde mo lannda yimɓe leydi Najeriya mawngal (GNPP). Caggal kuudetaa 1983, o woniino ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to Nijeer e Burkina Faso e laamu konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari (1984–1985).

Ribadu ina joginoo tiitoonde aadaaji Dan Galadima mo Adamawa, o woniino tergal duumingal e Diiso Emiraaji Adamawa.

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Ahmadu Ribadu OON MBE (1925 - May 2003) ko dawruyanke e dipolomaasi Nijeernaajo. Wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, o wakiiliijo diiwal Adamawa Fuunaange nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi ndin diga hitaande 1959 haa hitaande 1966, o laati ministaajo lesdi ndiin nder ministaajo lesdi Naajeeriya ngam ɓamtaare faggudu. Kanko woni baaba mum dawriyanke biyeteeɗo Nuhu Ribadu.

Ribadu fuɗɗii golle mum ko e hitaande 1943 to duɗal leslesal Yola. O waɗi duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii e jannginde, e hitaande 1958, o toɗɗaa gardiiɗo duɗe ngam laamu leydi Adamawa. O suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii e hitaande 1959 e les njiimaandi Kongres yimɓe leydi ndii (NPC), o lomtii diiwaan leydi ndii to Adamawa Fuɗnaange leydi ndii. E hitaande 1965, caggal maayde Mahmud Ribadu, sehil makko ɓadiiɗo, tergal NPC, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Tafawa Balewa wayli kabine mum, toɗɗii Ribadu jaagorgal leydi ndii to bannge ƴellitaare faggudu. O woni e oon nokku haa lewru Yarkomaa 1966, nde Republique gadano oo joofi e kuudetaa konu.

E laamu konu Biraam Mohammed Jega, Ribadu toɗɗaa komisariyaajo kaalis e peewnugol faggudu e nder Dowla Gongola keso sosaa oo (1976–1979). E hitaande 1979, o dañii darnde ngam suɓaade guwerneer diiwaan Gongola e les njiimaandi lannda ngenndiijo leydi Najeriya (NPN), o fooli Abubakar Barde mo lannda yimɓe leydi Najeriya mawngal (GNPP). Caggal kuudetaa 1983, o woniino ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to Nijeer e Burkina Faso e laamu konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari (1984–1985).

Ribadu ina joginoo tiitoonde aadaaji Dan Galadima mo Adamawa, o woniino tergal duumingal e Diiso Emiraaji Adamawa.

Tuugnorgal</text>
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'''Ahmadu Ribadu OON MBE''' (1925 - May 2003) ko dawruyanke e dipolomaasi Nijeernaajo. Wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, o wakiiliijo diiwal Adamawa Fuunaange nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi ndin diga hitaande 1959 haa hitaande 1966, o laati ministaajo lesdi ndiin nder ministaajo lesdi Naajeeriya ngam ɓamtaare faggudu. Kanko woni baaba mum dawriyanke biyeteeɗo Nuhu Ribadu.

Ribadu fuɗɗii golle mum ko e hitaande 1943 to duɗal leslesal Yola. O waɗi duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii e jannginde, e hitaande 1958, o toɗɗaa gardiiɗo duɗe ngam laamu leydi Adamawa. O suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii e hitaande 1959 e les njiimaandi Kongres yimɓe leydi ndii (NPC), o lomtii diiwaan leydi ndii to Adamawa Fuɗnaange leydi ndii. E hitaande 1965, caggal maayde Mahmud Ribadu, sehil makko ɓadiiɗo, tergal NPC, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Tafawa Balewa wayli kabine mum, toɗɗii Ribadu jaagorgal leydi ndii to bannge ƴellitaare faggudu. O woni e oon nokku haa lewru Yarkomaa 1966, nde Republique gadano oo joofi e kuudetaa konu.

E laamu konu Biraam Mohammed Jega, Ribadu toɗɗaa komisariyaajo kaalis e peewnugol faggudu e nder Dowla Gongola keso sosaa oo (1976–1979). E hitaande 1979, o dañii darnde ngam suɓaade guwerneer diiwaan Gongola e les njiimaandi lannda ngenndiijo leydi Najeriya (NPN), o fooli Abubakar Barde mo lannda yimɓe leydi Najeriya mawngal (GNPP). Caggal kuudetaa 1983, o woniino ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to Nijeer e Burkina Faso e laamu konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari (1984–1985).

Ribadu ina joginoo tiitoonde aadaaji Dan Galadima mo Adamawa, o woniino tergal duumingal e Diiso Emiraaji Adamawa.

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'''Ahmadu Ribadu OON MBE''' (1925 - May 2003) ko dawruyanke e dipolomaasi Nijeernaajo. Wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, o wakiiliijo diiwal Adamawa Fuunaange nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi ndin diga hitaande 1959 haa hitaande 1966, o laati ministaajo lesdi ndiin nder ministaajo lesdi Naajeeriya ngam ɓamtaare faggudu. Kanko woni baaba mum dawriyanke biyeteeɗo Nuhu Ribadu.chools Manager for the Adamawa Native Authority.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Shagari|first=Shehu Usman Aliyu|url=https://archive.org/details/shehushagaribeck0000shag/|title=Shehu Shagari: beckoned to serve: an autobiography|date=2001|publisher=Nigeria: Heinemann ed. books (Nigeria) plc|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-978-129-932-2|pages=53}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Yakubu Abdullahi Yakubu|url=https://archive.org/details/aliyu-musdafa/|title=Chronicles of a Golden Era: A Biography of Aliyu Musdafa, 11th Lamido Adamawa|date=1997}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=24 March 1960|title=Federation of Nigeria Official Gazette|url=https://gazettes.africa/akn/ng/officialGazette/government-gazette/1960-03-24/15/eng@1960-03-24|journal=Federation of Nigeria Official Gazette|publication-place=Lagos|volume=47|issue=15|pages=351–369}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Daily Times|url=https://archive.org/details/1966_20240528/|title=Nigeria Year Book 1966|date=1966|pages=22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Muffett|first=D. J. M.|url=https://archive.org/details/lettruthbetold0000muff/|title=Let truth be told|date=1982|publisher=Zaria, Nigeria: Hudahuda Pub. Co.|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-978-2368-06-5|pages=66}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ribadu fuɗɗii golle mum ko e hitaande 1943 to duɗal leslesal Yola. O waɗi duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii e jannginde, e hitaande 1958, o toɗɗaa gardiiɗo duɗe ngam laamu leydi Adamawa. O suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii e hitaande 1959 e les njiimaandi Kongres yimɓe leydi ndii (NPC), o lomtii diiwaan leydi ndii to Adamawa Fuɗnaange leydi ndii. E hitaande 1965, caggal maayde Mahmud Ribadu, sehil makko ɓadiiɗo, tergal NPC, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Tafawa Balewa wayli kabine mum, toɗɗii Ribadu jaagorgal leydi ndii to bannge ƴellitaare faggudu. O woni e oon nokku haa lewru Yarkomaa 1966, nde Republique gadano oo joofi e kuudetaa konu.

E laamu konu Biraam Mohammed Jega, Ribadu toɗɗaa komisariyaajo kaalis e peewnugol faggudu e nder Dowla Gongola keso sosaa oo (1976–1979). E hitaande 1979, o dañii darnde ngam suɓaade guwerneer diiwaan Gongola e les njiimaandi lannda ngenndiijo leydi Najeriya (NPN), o fooli Abubakar Barde mo lannda yimɓe leydi Najeriya mawngal (GNPP). Caggal kuudetaa 1983, o woniino ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to Nijeer e Burkina Faso e laamu konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari (1984–1985).

Ribadu ina joginoo tiitoonde aadaaji Dan Galadima mo Adamawa, o woniino tergal duumingal e Diiso Emiraaji Adamawa.

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'''Ahmadu Ribadu OON MBE''' (1925 - May 2003) ko dawruyanke e dipolomaasi Nijeernaajo. Wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya, o wakiiliijo diiwal Adamawa Fuunaange nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi lesdi ndin diga hitaande 1959 haa hitaande 1966, o laati ministaajo lesdi ndiin nder ministaajo lesdi Naajeeriya ngam ɓamtaare faggudu. Kanko woni baaba mum dawriyanke biyeteeɗo Nuhu Ribadu.chools Manager for the Adamawa Native Authority.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Shagari|first=Shehu Usman Aliyu|url=https://archive.org/details/shehushagaribeck0000shag/|title=Shehu Shagari: beckoned to serve: an autobiography|date=2001|publisher=Nigeria: Heinemann ed. books (Nigeria) plc|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-978-129-932-2|pages=53}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Yakubu Abdullahi Yakubu|url=https://archive.org/details/aliyu-musdafa/|title=Chronicles of a Golden Era: A Biography of Aliyu Musdafa, 11th Lamido Adamawa|date=1997}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=24 March 1960|title=Federation of Nigeria Official Gazette|url=https://gazettes.africa/akn/ng/officialGazette/government-gazette/1960-03-24/15/eng@1960-03-24|journal=Federation of Nigeria Official Gazette|publication-place=Lagos|volume=47|issue=15|pages=351–369}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Daily Times|url=https://archive.org/details/1966_20240528/|title=Nigeria Year Book 1966|date=1966|pages=22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Muffett|first=D. J. M.|url=https://archive.org/details/lettruthbetold0000muff/|title=Let truth be told|date=1982|publisher=Zaria, Nigeria: Hudahuda Pub. Co.|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-978-2368-06-5|pages=66}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ribadu fuɗɗii golle mum ko e hitaande 1943 to duɗal leslesal Yola. O waɗi duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii e jannginde, e hitaande 1958, o toɗɗaa gardiiɗo duɗe ngam laamu leydi Adamawa. O suɓaama nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii e hitaande 1959 e les njiimaandi Kongres yimɓe leydi ndii (NPC), o lomtii diiwaan leydi ndii to Adamawa Fuɗnaange leydi ndii. E hitaande 1965, caggal maayde Mahmud Ribadu, sehil makko ɓadiiɗo, tergal NPC, gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi ndii hono Tafawa Balewa wayli kabine mum, toɗɗii Ribadu jaagorgal leydi ndii to bannge ƴellitaare faggudu. O woni e oon nokku haa lewru Yarkomaa 1966, nde Republique gadano oo joofi e kuudetaa konu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Daily Times|url=https://archive.org/details/nigeria-year-book-1977-78/|title=Nigeria Year Book 1977-78|date=1978}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Hart|first=Christopher|date=1993|title=The Nigerian Elections of 1983|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1161428|journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute|volume=63|issue=3|pages=397–418|doi=10.2307/1161428|issn=0001-9720|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Panter-Brick|first=Keith|date=1979|title=Nigeria: The 1979 Elections|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40173962|journal=Africa Spectrum|volume=14|issue=3|pages=317–335|issn=0002-0397}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=None|url=https://archive.org/details/europayearbook190000unse_e9v3/|title=The Europa year book 1985: a world survey|date=1985|publisher=London: Europa Publications|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-905118-79-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E laamu konu Biraam Mohammed Jega, Ribadu toɗɗaa komisariyaajo kaalis e peewnugol faggudu e nder Dowla Gongola keso sosaa oo (1976–1979). E hitaande 1979, o dañii darnde ngam suɓaade guwerneer diiwaan Gongola e les njiimaandi lannda ngenndiijo leydi Najeriya (NPN), o fooli Abubakar Barde mo lannda yimɓe leydi Najeriya mawngal (GNPP). Caggal kuudetaa 1983, o woniino ammbasadeer leydi Nijeer to Nijeer e Burkina Faso e laamu konu Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari (1984–1985).

Ribadu ina joginoo tiitoonde aadaaji Dan Galadima mo Adamawa, o woniino tergal duumingal e Diiso Emiraaji Adamawa.

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  <page>
    <title>Akin Omoboriowo</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Akinwole Michael Omoboriowo (12 lewru Yarkomaa 1932 – 10 lewru Abriil 2012) ko awokaajo e siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, o laati cukko guwerneer diiwal Ondo, ɓaawo man o wayli lanndaaji, o fooli suɓol guwerneer hitaande 1983 haa diiwal Ondo wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓuru. Ko adii fof o bayyinaama ko kanko woni ƴaañoowo kono o luulndiima, caggal ɗuum ñaawirde kuuge winndere ndee wayli ɗum hade makko heɓde laamu.  Omoboriowo suɓaama cukko guwerneer nder kawt...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2803" sha1="tv0otwfkmzrqu81m317dh9fl4bok250" xml:space="preserve">Akinwole Michael Omoboriowo (12 lewru Yarkomaa 1932 – 10 lewru Abriil 2012) ko awokaajo e siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, o laati cukko guwerneer diiwal Ondo, ɓaawo man o wayli lanndaaji, o fooli suɓol guwerneer hitaande 1983 haa diiwal Ondo wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓuru. Ko adii fof o bayyinaama ko kanko woni ƴaañoowo kono o luulndiima, caggal ɗuum ñaawirde kuuge winndere ndee wayli ɗum hade makko heɓde laamu.

Omoboriowo suɓaama cukko guwerneer nder kawtal hoore lesdi Naajeeriya (UPN), o ɗon dogga bee Michael Adekunle Ajasin, mo laati guwerneer. O wiyi o fotnoo ko wonde kanndidaa UPN ngam suɓaade guwerneer, nde tawnoo o dañii woote ɓurɗe Ajasin e nder primaaji, kono ardiiɓe UPN ɓee njuɓɓinii njeñtudi ndi. E nder wakkati o woni cukko guwerneer, o fooli guwerneer Ajasin, o salii hunnaade mo e laamu ngam wonde guwerneer gardiiɗo golle nde Ajasin woɗɗi e dowla.

Omoboriowo wayliti nder lanyol lesdi Naajeeriya (NPN) nden o fooli hooreejo maako ɓooyma nder cuɓi 1983. Ɗum ari ko e salaade cakkitiiɗo oo woppude woote guwerneer no wiyraa ko adii ɗuum hakkunde Omoboriowo e Ajasin. Omoboriowo e won e ƴaañooɓe lannda ka ina jeyaa heen mawɗo S.A. Akerele ngam haɓaade miijo yimɓe, njalti to NPN laamu ngu o dogi ngam suɓaade jooɗorde guber. Nde Goomu wooteeji fedde ndee holliti Omoboriowo ko kañum woni ƴaañoowo ñalnde 16 ut 1983, bayyinaango ngoo waɗii fitinaaji bonɗi. Ina wiyee wonde fitinaaji ɗii ɓuri bonde e daartol leydi Yoruba caggal jeytaare, ɗiɗmiri caggal fitinaaji &quot;Wet è&quot;. Fitinaaji ɗii, haa teeŋti noon e ƴaañooɓe e yurmeende NPN, mbarii nguurndam e jawdi yimɓe mawɓe. Mawɓe Omoboriowo e Akerele ndarnaama hay so tawii galle Akerele ɓuuɓnaama haa leydi, tawi ko fitinaaji tikkere (Akerele dogiino e oon sahaa e ɓesngu mum to diiwaan Kwara). E nder fitinaaji ɗin, hooreejo Olaiya Fagbamigbe mo bayyinoowo Fagbemigbe waraama non boo Hon. Kunle Agunbiade. Version kewuuji ɗi hoolkisaaka hollitii wonde Agunbiade taƴaama hoore, hoore mum ƴettaa e dow tappirde won e ardiiɓe UPN.

E nder sagata politik, Omoboriowo ina joginoo ballal suudu sarɗiiji leydi Ondo. Nde o woppi golle cukko guwerneer, mawɗo Ajasin hollitii laabi ɗiɗi innde Dr. N.F. Aina to suudu ngam jaɓde ko o lomto Omoboriowo- ɗaɓɓaande nde suudu nduu jaɓaani laabi keewɗi ngam hollirde ballal mum e Omoboriowo

Fiilngo makko luulndiima, ñaawirdu woote wayli ɗum hade makko toɗɗaade, Ajasin artiraa e laamu. Caggal kuudetaa ñalnde 31 desaambar 1983, addanɗo Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari laamu, o nanngaa, hono no fotde guwerneeruuji ɓooyɗi ɗii fof e jaagorɗe mum en nii, kono caggal ɗuum o woppitaa, tawi o ñaawaaka, tawi ko balɗe 30 tan. O wi'an ɓaawo man Buhari woodi gooŋga ngam o maɓɓi mo kanko bee woɓɓe feere wakkati man.</text>
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      <text bytes="4578" sha1="1zhze4gd0eybypxltxr3c62e02coz7c" xml:space="preserve">Akinwole Michael Omoboriowo (12 lewru Yarkomaa 1932 – 10 lewru Abriil 2012) ko awokaajo e siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, o laati cukko guwerneer diiwal Ondo, ɓaawo man o wayli lanndaaji, o fooli suɓol guwerneer hitaande 1983 haa diiwal Ondo wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓuru. Ko adii fof o bayyinaama ko kanko woni ƴaañoowo kono o luulndiima, caggal ɗuum ñaawirde kuuge winndere ndee wayli ɗum hade makko heɓde laamu.

Omoboriowo suɓaama cukko guwerneer nder kawtal hoore lesdi Naajeeriya (UPN), o ɗon dogga bee Michael Adekunle Ajasin, mo laati guwerneer. O wiyi o fotnoo ko wonde kanndidaa UPN ngam suɓaade guwerneer, nde tawnoo o dañii woote ɓurɗe Ajasin e nder primaaji, kono ardiiɓe UPN ɓee njuɓɓinii njeñtudi ndi. E nder wakkati o woni cukko guwerneer, o fooli guwerneer Ajasin, o salii hunnaade mo e laamu ngam wonde guwerneer gardiiɗo golle nde Ajasin woɗɗi e dowla.

Omoboriowo wayliti nder lanyol lesdi Naajeeriya (NPN) nden o fooli hooreejo maako ɓooyma nder cuɓi 1983. Ɗum ari ko e salaade cakkitiiɗo oo woppude woote guwerneer no wiyraa ko adii ɗuum hakkunde Omoboriowo e Ajasin. Omoboriowo e won e ƴaañooɓe lannda ka ina jeyaa heen mawɗo S.A. Akerele ngam haɓaade miijo yimɓe, njalti to NPN laamu ngu o dogi ngam suɓaade jooɗorde guber. Nde Goomu wooteeji fedde ndee holliti Omoboriowo ko kañum woni ƴaañoowo ñalnde 16 ut 1983, bayyinaango ngoo waɗii fitinaaji bonɗi. Ina wiyee wonde fitinaaji ɗii ɓuri bonde e daartol leydi Yoruba caggal jeytaare, ɗiɗmiri caggal fitinaaji &quot;Wet è&quot;. Fitinaaji ɗii, haa teeŋti noon e ƴaañooɓe e yurmeende NPN, mbarii nguurndam e jawdi yimɓe mawɓe. Mawɓe Omoboriowo e Akerele ndarnaama hay so tawii galle Akerele ɓuuɓnaama haa leydi, tawi ko fitinaaji tikkere (Akerele dogiino e oon sahaa e ɓesngu mum to diiwaan Kwara). E nder fitinaaji ɗin, hooreejo Olaiya Fagbamigbe mo bayyinoowo Fagbemigbe waraama non boo Hon. Kunle Agunbiade. Version kewuuji ɗi hoolkisaaka hollitii wonde Agunbiade taƴaama hoore, hoore mum ƴettaa e dow tappirde won e ardiiɓe UPN.

E nder sagata politik, Omoboriowo ina joginoo ballal suudu sarɗiiji leydi Ondo. Nde o woppi golle cukko guwerneer, mawɗo Ajasin hollitii laabi ɗiɗi innde Dr. N.F. Aina to suudu ngam jaɓde ko o lomto Omoboriowo- ɗaɓɓaande nde suudu nduu jaɓaani laabi keewɗi ngam hollirde ballal mum e Omoboriowo

Fiilngo makko luulndiima, ñaawirdu woote wayli ɗum hade makko toɗɗaade, Ajasin artiraa e laamu. Caggal kuudetaa ñalnde 31 desaambar 1983, addanɗo Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari laamu, o nanngaa, hono no fotde guwerneeruuji ɓooyɗi ɗii fof e jaagorɗe mum en nii, kono caggal ɗuum o woppitaa, tawi o ñaawaaka, tawi ko balɗe 30 tan. O wi'an ɓaawo man Buhari woodi gooŋga ngam o maɓɓi mo kanko bee woɓɓe feere wakkati man.

E nder NPN, Omoboriowo hawri e jokkondirde e woɗɓe, gooto e maɓɓe ko Dim Chukwuemeka Odimegwu-Ojukwu mo o wondunoo e mum haa o maayi e darorɗe hitaande 2011.

Mawɗo Omoboriowo wurti diga siyaasaaku partiiji ko neeɓi ɓaawo republique ɗiɗaɓo amma o jokki darnde maako nder siyaasaaku lesdi Naajeeriya. O jeyaa ko e batu doosɗe leydi 1996, o jeyaa kadi e Goomu nanondiral ngenndiwal 1997/98

Caggal mum o wonti Pro-chancelier e hooreejo diiso laamu duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ado Ekiti. Ko ɓuri jooni, o woniino hooreejo sosiyetee elektirik, Genesis Electricity tawaaɗo to Abuja ɗo o jooɗii e nder dumunna juutɗo hade makko maayde.

E nder 6uu6ol nguurndam makko Omoboriowo heɓi cuusal e nder diine, o wonti Kerecee’en mo hersaani, wiyoowo wonde Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo. O punndi fotde konngol kala e tuugnorgal Alla, o wuuri les radar e gollanaade Alla haa o maayi. Nder yewtere, o wi'i &quot;Mi ɗon mari Almasiihu cemmbiɗɗum, mi ɗon rewa haa kawtal Almasiihu haa Abuja. Mi ɗon nder Ekklessiya wakkati timmoode.&quot;

E fuɗɗoode hitaande 2012, Akin Omoboriowo e debbo mum ngarti e leydi mum Ekiti. E lewru abriil 2012, o rafi, o nawaa to opitaal Lagos ngam safrude. Ko ɗoon o maayi ñalnde 10 abriil 2012 hay so tawii humpito maayde makko waɗaani jeewte haa kikiiɗe janngo mum. Won e lowre wiyi o maayi ko e ƴiiƴam nder reedu, ko ñawu nguu addani mo kanseer mo o haɓatnoo. Ɓesngu makko noon hoolkisaaki oon humpito. O woppi debbo, sukaaɓe njoyo e taaniraaɓe heewɓe

Nde o maayi, encomiums keewɗi njippiima e nokkuuji kala. Jaaynde Ovation Magazine, Dele Momodu, winndi e twitter mum &quot;elefant oo yanii&quot; tawi hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, Goodluck Jonathan, hollitii wonde ko o &quot;politikyanke mo hulaani daranaade ko o goongɗini e politik&quot;.

Tuugnorgal</text>
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      <text bytes="4590" sha1="s3l4gzdrfldaa4n9qy8g0tmwhde8qdu" xml:space="preserve">'''Akinwole Michael Omoboriowo''' (12 lewru Yarkomaa 1932 – 10 lewru Abriil 2012) ko awokaajo e siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, o laati cukko guwerneer diiwal Ondo, ɓaawo man o wayli lanndaaji, o fooli suɓol guwerneer hitaande 1983 haa diiwal Ondo wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓuru. Ko adii fof o bayyinaama ko kanko woni ƴaañoowo kono o luulndiima, caggal ɗuum ñaawirde kuuge winndere ndee wayli ɗum hade makko heɓde laamu.

Omoboriowo suɓaama cukko guwerneer nder kawtal hoore lesdi Naajeeriya (UPN), o ɗon dogga bee Michael Adekunle Ajasin, mo laati guwerneer. O wiyi o fotnoo ko wonde kanndidaa UPN ngam suɓaade guwerneer, nde tawnoo o dañii woote ɓurɗe Ajasin e nder primaaji, kono ardiiɓe UPN ɓee njuɓɓinii njeñtudi ndi. E nder wakkati o woni cukko guwerneer, o fooli guwerneer Ajasin, o salii hunnaade mo e laamu ngam wonde guwerneer gardiiɗo golle nde Ajasin woɗɗi e dowla.

Omoboriowo wayliti nder lanyol lesdi Naajeeriya (NPN) nden o fooli hooreejo maako ɓooyma nder cuɓi 1983. Ɗum ari ko e salaade cakkitiiɗo oo woppude woote guwerneer no wiyraa ko adii ɗuum hakkunde Omoboriowo e Ajasin. Omoboriowo e won e ƴaañooɓe lannda ka ina jeyaa heen mawɗo S.A. Akerele ngam haɓaade miijo yimɓe, njalti to NPN laamu ngu o dogi ngam suɓaade jooɗorde guber. Nde Goomu wooteeji fedde ndee holliti Omoboriowo ko kañum woni ƴaañoowo ñalnde 16 ut 1983, bayyinaango ngoo waɗii fitinaaji bonɗi. Ina wiyee wonde fitinaaji ɗii ɓuri bonde e daartol leydi Yoruba caggal jeytaare, ɗiɗmiri caggal fitinaaji &quot;Wet è&quot;. Fitinaaji ɗii, haa teeŋti noon e ƴaañooɓe e yurmeende NPN, mbarii nguurndam e jawdi yimɓe mawɓe. Mawɓe Omoboriowo e Akerele ndarnaama hay so tawii galle Akerele ɓuuɓnaama haa leydi, tawi ko fitinaaji tikkere (Akerele dogiino e oon sahaa e ɓesngu mum to diiwaan Kwara). E nder fitinaaji ɗin, hooreejo Olaiya Fagbamigbe mo bayyinoowo Fagbemigbe waraama non boo Hon. Kunle Agunbiade. Version kewuuji ɗi hoolkisaaka hollitii wonde Agunbiade taƴaama hoore, hoore mum ƴettaa e dow tappirde won e ardiiɓe UPN.

E nder sagata politik, Omoboriowo ina joginoo ballal suudu sarɗiiji leydi Ondo. Nde o woppi golle cukko guwerneer, mawɗo Ajasin hollitii laabi ɗiɗi innde Dr. N.F. Aina to suudu ngam jaɓde ko o lomto Omoboriowo- ɗaɓɓaande nde suudu nduu jaɓaani laabi keewɗi ngam hollirde ballal mum e Omoboriowo

Fiilngo makko luulndiima, ñaawirdu woote wayli ɗum hade makko toɗɗaade, Ajasin artiraa e laamu. Caggal kuudetaa ñalnde 31 desaambar 1983, addanɗo Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari laamu, o nanngaa, hono no fotde guwerneeruuji ɓooyɗi ɗii fof e jaagorɗe mum en nii, kono caggal ɗuum o woppitaa, tawi o ñaawaaka, tawi ko balɗe 30 tan. O wi'an ɓaawo man Buhari woodi gooŋga ngam o maɓɓi mo kanko bee woɓɓe feere wakkati man.

E nder NPN, Omoboriowo hawri e jokkondirde e woɗɓe, gooto e maɓɓe ko Dim Chukwuemeka Odimegwu-Ojukwu mo o wondunoo e mum haa o maayi e darorɗe hitaande 2011.

Mawɗo Omoboriowo wurti diga siyaasaaku partiiji ko neeɓi ɓaawo republique ɗiɗaɓo amma o jokki darnde maako nder siyaasaaku lesdi Naajeeriya. O jeyaa ko e batu doosɗe leydi 1996, o jeyaa kadi e Goomu nanondiral ngenndiwal 1997/98

Caggal mum o wonti Pro-chancelier e hooreejo diiso laamu duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ado Ekiti. Ko ɓuri jooni, o woniino hooreejo sosiyetee elektirik, Genesis Electricity tawaaɗo to Abuja ɗo o jooɗii e nder dumunna juutɗo hade makko maayde.

E nder 6uu6ol nguurndam makko Omoboriowo heɓi cuusal e nder diine, o wonti Kerecee’en mo hersaani, wiyoowo wonde Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo. O punndi fotde konngol kala e tuugnorgal Alla, o wuuri les radar e gollanaade Alla haa o maayi. Nder yewtere, o wi'i &quot;Mi ɗon mari Almasiihu cemmbiɗɗum, mi ɗon rewa haa kawtal Almasiihu haa Abuja. Mi ɗon nder Ekklessiya wakkati timmoode.&quot;

E fuɗɗoode hitaande 2012, Akin Omoboriowo e debbo mum ngarti e leydi mum Ekiti. E lewru abriil 2012, o rafi, o nawaa to opitaal Lagos ngam safrude. Ko ɗoon o maayi ñalnde 10 abriil 2012 hay so tawii humpito maayde makko waɗaani jeewte haa kikiiɗe janngo mum. Won e lowre wiyi o maayi ko e ƴiiƴam nder reedu, ko ñawu nguu addani mo kanseer mo o haɓatnoo. Ɓesngu makko noon hoolkisaaki oon humpito. O woppi debbo, sukaaɓe njoyo e taaniraaɓe heewɓe

Nde o maayi, encomiums keewɗi njippiima e nokkuuji kala. Jaaynde Ovation Magazine, Dele Momodu, winndi e twitter mum &quot;elefant oo yanii&quot; tawi hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, Goodluck Jonathan, hollitii wonde ko o &quot;politikyanke mo hulaani daranaade ko o goongɗini e politik&quot;.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="4601" sha1="18bvq6093lyhtxgvioa1cueamx8t4cc" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Akinwole Michael Omoboriowo''' (12 lewru Yarkomaa 1932 – 10 lewru Abriil 2012) ko awokaajo e siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, o laati cukko guwerneer diiwal Ondo, ɓaawo man o wayli lanndaaji, o fooli suɓol guwerneer hitaande 1983 haa diiwal Ondo wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓuru. Ko adii fof o bayyinaama ko kanko woni ƴaañoowo kono o luulndiima, caggal ɗuum ñaawirde kuuge winndere ndee wayli ɗum hade makko heɓde laamu.

Omoboriowo suɓaama cukko guwerneer nder kawtal hoore lesdi Naajeeriya (UPN), o ɗon dogga bee Michael Adekunle Ajasin, mo laati guwerneer. O wiyi o fotnoo ko wonde kanndidaa UPN ngam suɓaade guwerneer, nde tawnoo o dañii woote ɓurɗe Ajasin e nder primaaji, kono ardiiɓe UPN ɓee njuɓɓinii njeñtudi ndi. E nder wakkati o woni cukko guwerneer, o fooli guwerneer Ajasin, o salii hunnaade mo e laamu ngam wonde guwerneer gardiiɗo golle nde Ajasin woɗɗi e dowla.

Omoboriowo wayliti nder lanyol lesdi Naajeeriya (NPN) nden o fooli hooreejo maako ɓooyma nder cuɓi 1983. Ɗum ari ko e salaade cakkitiiɗo oo woppude woote guwerneer no wiyraa ko adii ɗuum hakkunde Omoboriowo e Ajasin. Omoboriowo e won e ƴaañooɓe lannda ka ina jeyaa heen mawɗo S.A. Akerele ngam haɓaade miijo yimɓe, njalti to NPN laamu ngu o dogi ngam suɓaade jooɗorde guber. Nde Goomu wooteeji fedde ndee holliti Omoboriowo ko kañum woni ƴaañoowo ñalnde 16 ut 1983, bayyinaango ngoo waɗii fitinaaji bonɗi. Ina wiyee wonde fitinaaji ɗii ɓuri bonde e daartol leydi Yoruba caggal jeytaare, ɗiɗmiri caggal fitinaaji &quot;Wet è&quot;. Fitinaaji ɗii, haa teeŋti noon e ƴaañooɓe e yurmeende NPN, mbarii nguurndam e jawdi yimɓe mawɓe. Mawɓe Omoboriowo e Akerele ndarnaama hay so tawii galle Akerele ɓuuɓnaama haa leydi, tawi ko fitinaaji tikkere (Akerele dogiino e oon sahaa e ɓesngu mum to diiwaan Kwara). E nder fitinaaji ɗin, hooreejo Olaiya Fagbamigbe mo bayyinoowo Fagbemigbe waraama non boo Hon. Kunle Agunbiade. Version kewuuji ɗi hoolkisaaka hollitii wonde Agunbiade taƴaama hoore, hoore mum ƴettaa e dow tappirde won e ardiiɓe UPN.

E nder sagata politik, Omoboriowo ina joginoo ballal suudu sarɗiiji leydi Ondo. Nde o woppi golle cukko guwerneer, mawɗo Ajasin hollitii laabi ɗiɗi innde Dr. N.F. Aina to suudu ngam jaɓde ko o lomto Omoboriowo- ɗaɓɓaande nde suudu nduu jaɓaani laabi keewɗi ngam hollirde ballal mum e Omoboriowo

Fiilngo makko luulndiima, ñaawirdu woote wayli ɗum hade makko toɗɗaade, Ajasin artiraa e laamu. Caggal kuudetaa ñalnde 31 desaambar 1983, addanɗo Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari laamu, o nanngaa, hono no fotde guwerneeruuji ɓooyɗi ɗii fof e jaagorɗe mum en nii, kono caggal ɗuum o woppitaa, tawi o ñaawaaka, tawi ko balɗe 30 tan. O wi'an ɓaawo man Buhari woodi gooŋga ngam o maɓɓi mo kanko bee woɓɓe feere wakkati man.

E nder NPN, Omoboriowo hawri e jokkondirde e woɗɓe, gooto e maɓɓe ko Dim Chukwuemeka Odimegwu-Ojukwu mo o wondunoo e mum haa o maayi e darorɗe hitaande 2011.

Mawɗo Omoboriowo wurti diga siyaasaaku partiiji ko neeɓi ɓaawo republique ɗiɗaɓo amma o jokki darnde maako nder siyaasaaku lesdi Naajeeriya. O jeyaa ko e batu doosɗe leydi 1996, o jeyaa kadi e Goomu nanondiral ngenndiwal 1997/98

Caggal mum o wonti Pro-chancelier e hooreejo diiso laamu duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ado Ekiti. Ko ɓuri jooni, o woniino hooreejo sosiyetee elektirik, Genesis Electricity tawaaɗo to Abuja ɗo o jooɗii e nder dumunna juutɗo hade makko maayde.

E nder 6uu6ol nguurndam makko Omoboriowo heɓi cuusal e nder diine, o wonti Kerecee’en mo hersaani, wiyoowo wonde Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo. O punndi fotde konngol kala e tuugnorgal Alla, o wuuri les radar e gollanaade Alla haa o maayi. Nder yewtere, o wi'i &quot;Mi ɗon mari Almasiihu cemmbiɗɗum, mi ɗon rewa haa kawtal Almasiihu haa Abuja. Mi ɗon nder Ekklessiya wakkati timmoode.&quot;

E fuɗɗoode hitaande 2012, Akin Omoboriowo e debbo mum ngarti e leydi mum Ekiti. E lewru abriil 2012, o rafi, o nawaa to opitaal Lagos ngam safrude. Ko ɗoon o maayi ñalnde 10 abriil 2012 hay so tawii humpito maayde makko waɗaani jeewte haa kikiiɗe janngo mum. Won e lowre wiyi o maayi ko e ƴiiƴam nder reedu, ko ñawu nguu addani mo kanseer mo o haɓatnoo. Ɓesngu makko noon hoolkisaaki oon humpito. O woppi debbo, sukaaɓe njoyo e taaniraaɓe heewɓe

Nde o maayi, encomiums keewɗi njippiima e nokkuuji kala. Jaaynde Ovation Magazine, Dele Momodu, winndi e twitter mum &quot;elefant oo yanii&quot; tawi hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, Goodluck Jonathan, hollitii wonde ko o &quot;politikyanke mo hulaani daranaade ko o goongɗini e politik&quot;.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="4966" sha1="tncgxie0ytzlga84ddlyymcwxn6vvqv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Akinwole Michael Omoboriowo''' (12 lewru Yarkomaa 1932 – 10 lewru Abriil 2012) ko awokaajo e siyaasaajo Naajeeriya, o laati cukko guwerneer diiwal Ondo, ɓaawo man o wayli lanndaaji, o fooli suɓol guwerneer hitaande 1983 haa diiwal Ondo wakkati laamu lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓuru. Ko adii fof o bayyinaama ko kanko woni ƴaañoowo kono o luulndiima, caggal ɗuum ñaawirde kuuge winndere ndee wayli ɗum hade makko heɓde laamu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2003/nov/10/058.html|title=Omoboriowo Solicits Support for UNAD|author=George Oji|date=2003-11-10|work=BNW News|accessdate=1 May 2010|url-status=usurped|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524091747/http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2003/nov/10/058.html|archivedate=24 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Omoboriowo suɓaama cukko guwerneer nder kawtal hoore lesdi Naajeeriya (UPN), o ɗon dogga bee Michael Adekunle Ajasin, mo laati guwerneer. O wiyi o fotnoo ko wonde kanndidaa UPN ngam suɓaade guwerneer, nde tawnoo o dañii woote ɓurɗe Ajasin e nder primaaji, kono ardiiɓe UPN ɓee njuɓɓinii njeñtudi ndi. E nder wakkati o woni cukko guwerneer, o fooli guwerneer Ajasin, o salii hunnaade mo e laamu ngam wonde guwerneer gardiiɗo golle nde Ajasin woɗɗi e dowla.

Omoboriowo wayliti nder lanyol lesdi Naajeeriya (NPN) nden o fooli hooreejo maako ɓooyma nder cuɓi 1983. Ɗum ari ko e salaade cakkitiiɗo oo woppude woote guwerneer no wiyraa ko adii ɗuum hakkunde Omoboriowo e Ajasin. Omoboriowo e won e ƴaañooɓe lannda ka ina jeyaa heen mawɗo S.A. Akerele ngam haɓaade miijo yimɓe, njalti to NPN laamu ngu o dogi ngam suɓaade jooɗorde guber. Nde Goomu wooteeji fedde ndee holliti Omoboriowo ko kañum woni ƴaañoowo ñalnde 16 ut 1983, bayyinaango ngoo waɗii fitinaaji bonɗi. Ina wiyee wonde fitinaaji ɗii ɓuri bonde e daartol leydi Yoruba caggal jeytaare, ɗiɗmiri caggal fitinaaji &quot;Wet è&quot;. Fitinaaji ɗii, haa teeŋti noon e ƴaañooɓe e yurmeende NPN, mbarii nguurndam e jawdi yimɓe mawɓe. Mawɓe Omoboriowo e Akerele ndarnaama hay so tawii galle Akerele ɓuuɓnaama haa leydi, tawi ko fitinaaji tikkere (Akerele dogiino e oon sahaa e ɓesngu mum to diiwaan Kwara). E nder fitinaaji ɗin, hooreejo Olaiya Fagbamigbe mo bayyinoowo Fagbemigbe waraama non boo Hon. Kunle Agunbiade. Version kewuuji ɗi hoolkisaaka hollitii wonde Agunbiade taƴaama hoore, hoore mum ƴettaa e dow tappirde won e ardiiɓe UPN.

E nder sagata politik, Omoboriowo ina joginoo ballal suudu sarɗiiji leydi Ondo. Nde o woppi golle cukko guwerneer, mawɗo Ajasin hollitii laabi ɗiɗi innde Dr. N.F. Aina to suudu ngam jaɓde ko o lomto Omoboriowo- ɗaɓɓaande nde suudu nduu jaɓaani laabi keewɗi ngam hollirde ballal mum e Omoboriowo

Fiilngo makko luulndiima, ñaawirdu woote wayli ɗum hade makko toɗɗaade, Ajasin artiraa e laamu. Caggal kuudetaa ñalnde 31 desaambar 1983, addanɗo Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari laamu, o nanngaa, hono no fotde guwerneeruuji ɓooyɗi ɗii fof e jaagorɗe mum en nii, kono caggal ɗuum o woppitaa, tawi o ñaawaaka, tawi ko balɗe 30 tan. O wi'an ɓaawo man Buhari woodi gooŋga ngam o maɓɓi mo kanko bee woɓɓe feere wakkati man.

E nder NPN, Omoboriowo hawri e jokkondirde e woɗɓe, gooto e maɓɓe ko Dim Chukwuemeka Odimegwu-Ojukwu mo o wondunoo e mum haa o maayi e darorɗe hitaande 2011.

Mawɗo Omoboriowo wurti diga siyaasaaku partiiji ko neeɓi ɓaawo republique ɗiɗaɓo amma o jokki darnde maako nder siyaasaaku lesdi Naajeeriya. O jeyaa ko e batu doosɗe leydi 1996, o jeyaa kadi e Goomu nanondiral ngenndiwal 1997/98

Caggal mum o wonti Pro-chancelier e hooreejo diiso laamu duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ado Ekiti. Ko ɓuri jooni, o woniino hooreejo sosiyetee elektirik, Genesis Electricity tawaaɗo to Abuja ɗo o jooɗii e nder dumunna juutɗo hade makko maayde.

E nder 6uu6ol nguurndam makko Omoboriowo heɓi cuusal e nder diine, o wonti Kerecee’en mo hersaani, wiyoowo wonde Kerecee’en jibinaaɗo. O punndi fotde konngol kala e tuugnorgal Alla, o wuuri les radar e gollanaade Alla haa o maayi. Nder yewtere, o wi'i &quot;Mi ɗon mari Almasiihu cemmbiɗɗum, mi ɗon rewa haa kawtal Almasiihu haa Abuja. Mi ɗon nder Ekklessiya wakkati timmoode.&quot;

E fuɗɗoode hitaande 2012, Akin Omoboriowo e debbo mum ngarti e leydi mum Ekiti. E lewru abriil 2012, o rafi, o nawaa to opitaal Lagos ngam safrude. Ko ɗoon o maayi ñalnde 10 abriil 2012 hay so tawii humpito maayde makko waɗaani jeewte haa kikiiɗe janngo mum. Won e lowre wiyi o maayi ko e ƴiiƴam nder reedu, ko ñawu nguu addani mo kanseer mo o haɓatnoo. Ɓesngu makko noon hoolkisaaki oon humpito. O woppi debbo, sukaaɓe njoyo e taaniraaɓe heewɓe

Nde o maayi, encomiums keewɗi njippiima e nokkuuji kala. Jaaynde Ovation Magazine, Dele Momodu, winndi e twitter mum &quot;elefant oo yanii&quot; tawi hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, Goodluck Jonathan, hollitii wonde ko o &quot;politikyanke mo hulaani daranaade ko o goongɗini e politik&quot;.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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    <title>Samuel Ogbemudia</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia (17 suwee 1932 – 9 marse 2017) ko ofisee konu leydi Nijeer, ko o dawriyanke. O woniino Guwerneer konu (1967–1975) to Dowla Caka-Hirnaange, caggal ɗuum o innitiraa Dowla Bendel, feccere e mayri caggal ɗuum wonti Dowla Edo. Caggal nde o arti e demokaraasi e hitaande 1999, o wonti jom doole e nder lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP). E lewru suwee 2009, guwerneer Adams Oshiomhole mo diiwaan Edo e woɗɓe tawtoraama ñalngu mawningol duuɓi 77 t...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3455" sha1="l7wm69qu460iuld980atlcbio7gmw7x" xml:space="preserve">Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia (17 suwee 1932 – 9 marse 2017) ko ofisee konu leydi Nijeer, ko o dawriyanke. O woniino Guwerneer konu (1967–1975) to Dowla Caka-Hirnaange, caggal ɗuum o innitiraa Dowla Bendel, feccere e mayri caggal ɗuum wonti Dowla Edo. Caggal nde o arti e demokaraasi e hitaande 1999, o wonti jom doole e nder lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP). E lewru suwee 2009, guwerneer Adams Oshiomhole mo diiwaan Edo e woɗɓe tawtoraama ñalngu mawningol duuɓi 77 to leydi Benin. O teskaama ko gooto e baabiraaɓe sosɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde janngirde Benin (UBTH) .

Duuɓi gadani
Osaigbovo Ogbemudia jibinaa ko Chinedu Ogbemudia to wuro Benin ñalnde 17 suwee 1932, o inniraa ko mawniiko. O jeyaa ko Igbanke ɓooyɗo Igbo-Akiri to LGA Orhionmwon. E ɗemngal Edo, innde Ogbemudia ina waawi firteede ko &quot;ooɗoo galle arii hoɗde&quot;. Kadi firti ko ‘darnde ɓesngu am/hoɗdiiɓe am ko ɗoo ngam jooɗaade’ e ɗemngal Igbo Nde o woni suka o jooɗii e mawniiko gorko, F.S. Uwaifo, to leydi Benne. O naati duɗal Baptist to Benin (1941-1945), caggal ɗuum o naati duɗal laamu wiyeteengal Victoria, to Kamaruun (1945-1947). Jaŋde makko hakkundeere ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe hirnaange, to wuro Benin (1947–1949).

O naati konu Nijeer e hitaande 1956, o heblo to Teshie, Ganaa e to Netheravon e Salisbury Plain to Angalteer (1957). O naati duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, Angalteer, e hitaande 1960, o yamiraa wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e hitaande 1961. O naati duɗal wellitaare keeriingal konu Amerik to Fort Bragg, to Karolina worgo e hitaande 1962. Ogbemudia golliima e fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam hisnude jam e hitaande1 1964. O toɗɗaama jannginoowo to duɗal konu leydi Najeriya, Zaria e hitaande 1964.

Career e sahaa laamu konu
E lewru Yarkomaa 1966, kuudetaa liɓi laamu siwil en Nijeer. E lewru sulyee 1966, laamɗo konu Seneraal Major Jonson Aguiyi-Ironsi woppitaa laamu, waraa e ko wiyetee « kuudetaa » Niiseer e hitaande 1966 e gardagol Lietnaa-kolonel Murtala Mohammed. Gardiiɗo konu Ironsi ko Yakubu Gowon wonti hooreejo leydi ndi. Ko o Brigade Major Brigade Ist to Kaduna, Ogbemudia waɗii darnde mawnde e nder kuudetaa oo, nde tawnoo o woppii konu makko to Kaduna e dow miijo gardiiɗo artileriyee Lietnaa-Kolonel Alex Madiebo Major Ogbemudia daɗii ngam tippudi kolonel Hassan katsina e major Abba Kyari. E lewru ut ndeen hitaande o artiraa e komanndaa nokku oo, wuro Benin, o woni Master-General Quartier, komanndaa nokku 4ɓo. Ogbemudia wondude e Major Seneraal Ejoor, Guwerneer Militeer mo diiwaan Mid-west e Pius Ermobor, ofisee humpito ko kamɓe tan ngoni ofiseeji tati jogiiɗi darnde Major e dow mum, jogiiɓe darnde ardorde strateeji, ɓe ngonaa e renndooji haalooɓe ɗemngal Igbo e nder diiwaan Mid-west. Ñalnde 9 ut 1967, konu Biafran, e gardagol Victor Banjo, yani e diiwaan Mid-western e laamorgo mum, wuro Benin, tawi ko seeɗa e reentaade, ko ɗum huunde haawniinde, nde nafoore mum wallitii e feccere e nanondiral hakkunde ardiiɓe Biafra e won e ofiseeji mawɗi ummoriiɗi e 4th Area Command. Ejoor waawii dogde haa Lagos tawi Ogbemudia ina yahra e duuɓi seeɗa ina yuɓɓina dillere reentaare nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa welɓe e njiimaandi ndii. Caggal mum o ummii o fayi to Galle Konu, Lagos, o naati e Division Infanterie ɗiɗaɓo mo Murtala Mohammed ardii ngam haɓaade Midwest. Ñalnde 20 suwee 1967, konu nguu e gardagol Ogbemudia heɓti wuro Benin e juuɗe konu Biafran.</text>
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      <text bytes="7529" sha1="r1zyq6zqafl4bwywjuam13p4of6r1jx" xml:space="preserve">Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia (17 suwee 1932 – 9 marse 2017) ko ofisee konu leydi Nijeer, ko o dawriyanke. O woniino Guwerneer konu (1967–1975) to Dowla Caka-Hirnaange, caggal ɗuum o innitiraa Dowla Bendel, feccere e mayri caggal ɗuum wonti Dowla Edo. Caggal nde o arti e demokaraasi e hitaande 1999, o wonti jom doole e nder lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP). E lewru suwee 2009, guwerneer Adams Oshiomhole mo diiwaan Edo e woɗɓe tawtoraama ñalngu mawningol duuɓi 77 to leydi Benin. O teskaama ko gooto e baabiraaɓe sosɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde janngirde Benin (UBTH) .

Duuɓi gadani
Osaigbovo Ogbemudia jibinaa ko Chinedu Ogbemudia to wuro Benin ñalnde 17 suwee 1932, o inniraa ko mawniiko. O jeyaa ko Igbanke ɓooyɗo Igbo-Akiri to LGA Orhionmwon. E ɗemngal Edo, innde Ogbemudia ina waawi firteede ko &quot;ooɗoo galle arii hoɗde&quot;. Kadi firti ko ‘darnde ɓesngu am/hoɗdiiɓe am ko ɗoo ngam jooɗaade’ e ɗemngal Igbo Nde o woni suka o jooɗii e mawniiko gorko, F.S. Uwaifo, to leydi Benne. O naati duɗal Baptist to Benin (1941-1945), caggal ɗuum o naati duɗal laamu wiyeteengal Victoria, to Kamaruun (1945-1947). Jaŋde makko hakkundeere ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe hirnaange, to wuro Benin (1947–1949).

O naati konu Nijeer e hitaande 1956, o heblo to Teshie, Ganaa e to Netheravon e Salisbury Plain to Angalteer (1957). O naati duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, Angalteer, e hitaande 1960, o yamiraa wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e hitaande 1961. O naati duɗal wellitaare keeriingal konu Amerik to Fort Bragg, to Karolina worgo e hitaande 1962. Ogbemudia golliima e fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam hisnude jam e hitaande1 1964. O toɗɗaama jannginoowo to duɗal konu leydi Najeriya, Zaria e hitaande 1964.

Career e sahaa laamu konu
E lewru Yarkomaa 1966, kuudetaa liɓi laamu siwil en Nijeer. E lewru sulyee 1966, laamɗo konu Seneraal Major Jonson Aguiyi-Ironsi woppitaa laamu, waraa e ko wiyetee « kuudetaa » Niiseer e hitaande 1966 e gardagol Lietnaa-kolonel Murtala Mohammed. Gardiiɗo konu Ironsi ko Yakubu Gowon wonti hooreejo leydi ndi. Ko o Brigade Major Brigade Ist to Kaduna, Ogbemudia waɗii darnde mawnde e nder kuudetaa oo, nde tawnoo o woppii konu makko to Kaduna e dow miijo gardiiɗo artileriyee Lietnaa-Kolonel Alex Madiebo Major Ogbemudia daɗii ngam tippudi kolonel Hassan katsina e major Abba Kyari. E lewru ut ndeen hitaande o artiraa e komanndaa nokku oo, wuro Benin, o woni Master-General Quartier, komanndaa nokku 4ɓo. Ogbemudia wondude e Major Seneraal Ejoor, Guwerneer Militeer mo diiwaan Mid-west e Pius Ermobor, ofisee humpito ko kamɓe tan ngoni ofiseeji tati jogiiɗi darnde Major e dow mum, jogiiɓe darnde ardorde strateeji, ɓe ngonaa e renndooji haalooɓe ɗemngal Igbo e nder diiwaan Mid-west. Ñalnde 9 ut 1967, konu Biafran, e gardagol Victor Banjo, yani e diiwaan Mid-western e laamorgo mum, wuro Benin, tawi ko seeɗa e reentaade, ko ɗum huunde haawniinde, nde nafoore mum wallitii e feccere e nanondiral hakkunde ardiiɓe Biafra e won e ofiseeji mawɗi ummoriiɗi e 4th Area Command. Ejoor waawii dogde haa Lagos tawi Ogbemudia ina yahra e duuɓi seeɗa ina yuɓɓina dillere reentaare nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa welɓe e njiimaandi ndii. Caggal mum o ummii o fayi to Galle Konu, Lagos, o naati e Division Infanterie ɗiɗaɓo mo Murtala Mohammed ardii ngam haɓaade Midwest. Ñalnde 20 suwee 1967, konu nguu e gardagol Ogbemudia heɓti wuro Benin e juuɗe konu Biafran.

Ogbemudia toɗɗaama gardiiɗo konu leydi Mid-West e lewru Seeɗto, hitaande 1967 caggal nde leydi ndi woppitaa e juuɗe konu Biafran seertuɗo. O toɗɗaa e Lietnaa Kolonel, Ogbemudia toɗɗaa guwerneer militeer diiwaan oo ñalnde 26 oktoobar 1967. Ko o neɗɗo populist, jiɗɗo mahngo caggal wolde, o fuɗɗii moƴƴinde golle e nder fannuuji dingiral, ƴellitaare wuro, jaŋde, yah-ngartaa jamaa, galleeji e njulaagu. O mahii estaad dingiral Ogbe, jooni o inniri ɗum ko estaad Samuel Ogbemudia, e lewru ut 1973 o yamiri suudu defte ngenndiiru to wuro Benin, mo cuuɗi tati. Eɓɓooje goɗɗe ina njeyaa heen : ndema mekaniseer Agbede, njuɓɓudi laana ndiwoowa ladde, njuɓɓudi njamndi Bendel, farmasiiji Bendel, laana ndiwoowa Bendel, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Benin e laana Bendel. E duuɓi garooji ɗii, yimɓe ƴeewtindiima guwerneer makko, ko sahaa nde ko heewi heɓaa, rewi heen ko darnde e nder njuɓɓudiiji garooji ɗii.

Terɗe guwarnama makko ina njeyaa heen: Edwin Clark, Frank Oputa-Otutu, T.E.A. Salubi, e Lawrence Leo Borha.

E lewru sulyee 1975, nde Murtala Mohammed wonti hooreejo leydi, o woppi guwerneeruuji konu sappo e ɗiɗo gonɗi e les njiimaandi Yakubu Gowon. Retireede oo caggal ɗuum wayliima wonti ittugol golle caggal nde won e guwerneeruuji ɗii njiytaa ina mbaɗa fenaande. Ina jeyaa e ɓeen Samuel Ogbemudia, mo Murtala, e oon sahaa gardiiɗo njiimaandi Mid-west, toɗɗinoo e bannge gooto duuɓi jeetati ko adii ɗuum, mo o lomtii Kolonel George Agbazika Innih. Ogbemudia ko ñaawoore wiɗti ɗum e hitaande 1975 kono o miijii o waawaa heɓde ñaawoore laaɓtunde sabu hooreejo ñaawoore ndee ko Ogbemudia woppi ɗum e golle mum gadiiɗe ɗee. Goomu wiɗto jawdi 1975 noon, tawi ko o baawɗo alɗude ko boni. E nder republique ɗiɗaɓo, o laɓɓinaama e suudu sarɗiiji dowla Bendel ngam ñaawde laamu bonngu.

Ogbemudia wonnoo ko to Londres e sahaa kuudetaa e lewru sulyee 1975, o wallitii e moƴƴitingol galle Gowon to Londres caggal nde hooreejo leydi gonnooɗo oo yahi egginde.

Posto golle konu

E nder gartugol laamu siwil seeɗa, Ogbemudia suɓaama guwerneer diiwaan Bendel e lewru Oktoobar 1983, o woni kanndidaa lannda ngenndiijo leydi Naajeeriya, o lomtii Ambrose Alli mo lannda ngootaagu leydi Naajeeriya. Kono o dañii darnde makko e lewru Duujal hitaande ndeen nde Muhammadu Buhari wonti laamɗo konu caggal kuudetaa mo fooli hooreejo leydi siwil biyeteeɗo Shehu Shagari.

Hakkunde hitaande 1987 e 1989, Ogbemudia wonnoo hooreejo Komisiyoŋ Pijirlooji leydi Najeriya, e hitaande 1989, Babangida toɗɗii mo wonde hooreejo gooto e fedde laamorgo leydi Najeriya (NRC) gonnde e hare. E nder laamu makko, golle e kaalis fedde nde ɓeydiima moƴƴude hade makko yaltude NRC e hitaande 1992.

Seneraal Sani Abacha, hooreejo leydi konu gila noowammbar 1993, haa o maayi e lewru suwee 1998, toɗɗii Ogbemudia jaagorde golle e ƴellitaare. Ogbemudia wiyi maa o maay ngam Abacha. Ogbemudia walliri kuugal ngam Abacha darna suɓol, o wi'i &quot;Lenyol ngol waɗi yahdu mawndu haa laamu Seneraal Abacha ... Ko kanko tan woni, walaa sikke, jaabawol yahdu e ɓamtaare Naajeeriya&quot;.

Republique nayaɓere

Caggal nde demokaraasi arti e hitaande 1998/1999, Ogbemudia jeyaa ko e sosɓe lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder diiwaan Edo, kadi ko tergal e yiilirde lannda ka. Ogbemudia e hooreejo Anthony Anenih ɗon jogi siyaasaaku PDP nder jiha Edo nder duuɓi sappo garooji, arannde ɓe ɗonno huuwa booɗɗum ammaa ɓaawo man ɓe ngarti nder fitinaaji udditiiɗi.

E lewru Duujal hitaande 2004, Ogbemudia wi'i jaɓii Anthony Anenih suɓa cuɓol maako ngam suɓugo guwerneer lesdi Edo. O wi'i o yiɗaa haala ka diiwal senateer gooto nder jiha kan jogi jokkirgol duumingol dow darnde guwerneer. E lewru noowammbar 2007, e batu mawngu PDP to Stade Samuel Ogbemudia to Benin, Ogbemudia haali ko tiiɗi e eɓɓaande Anthony Anenih ngam waylude njuɓɓudi zoning gonndi e birooji, caggal ɗuum o yalti e batu nguu.

E lewru desaambar 2006, Ogbemudia hollitii ballal mum e ɗaɓɓaande Doktoor Mohammed Buba Marwa ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi.</text>
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      <text bytes="8863" sha1="fv5fexxmghm3lnxze4c3k7b90ih940m" xml:space="preserve">Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia (17 suwee 1932 – 9 marse 2017) ko ofisee konu leydi Nijeer, ko o dawriyanke. O woniino Guwerneer konu (1967–1975) to Dowla Caka-Hirnaange, caggal ɗuum o innitiraa Dowla Bendel, feccere e mayri caggal ɗuum wonti Dowla Edo. Caggal nde o arti e demokaraasi e hitaande 1999, o wonti jom doole e nder lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP). E lewru suwee 2009, guwerneer Adams Oshiomhole mo diiwaan Edo e woɗɓe tawtoraama ñalngu mawningol duuɓi 77 to leydi Benin. O teskaama ko gooto e baabiraaɓe sosɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde janngirde Benin (UBTH) .

Duuɓi gadani
Osaigbovo Ogbemudia jibinaa ko Chinedu Ogbemudia to wuro Benin ñalnde 17 suwee 1932, o inniraa ko mawniiko. O jeyaa ko Igbanke ɓooyɗo Igbo-Akiri to LGA Orhionmwon. E ɗemngal Edo, innde Ogbemudia ina waawi firteede ko &quot;ooɗoo galle arii hoɗde&quot;. Kadi firti ko ‘darnde ɓesngu am/hoɗdiiɓe am ko ɗoo ngam jooɗaade’ e ɗemngal Igbo Nde o woni suka o jooɗii e mawniiko gorko, F.S. Uwaifo, to leydi Benne. O naati duɗal Baptist to Benin (1941-1945), caggal ɗuum o naati duɗal laamu wiyeteengal Victoria, to Kamaruun (1945-1947). Jaŋde makko hakkundeere ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe hirnaange, to wuro Benin (1947–1949).

O naati konu Nijeer e hitaande 1956, o heblo to Teshie, Ganaa e to Netheravon e Salisbury Plain to Angalteer (1957). O naati duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, Angalteer, e hitaande 1960, o yamiraa wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e hitaande 1961. O naati duɗal wellitaare keeriingal konu Amerik to Fort Bragg, to Karolina worgo e hitaande 1962. Ogbemudia golliima e fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam hisnude jam e hitaande1 1964. O toɗɗaama jannginoowo to duɗal konu leydi Najeriya, Zaria e hitaande 1964.

Career e sahaa laamu konu
E lewru Yarkomaa 1966, kuudetaa liɓi laamu siwil en Nijeer. E lewru sulyee 1966, laamɗo konu Seneraal Major Jonson Aguiyi-Ironsi woppitaa laamu, waraa e ko wiyetee « kuudetaa » Niiseer e hitaande 1966 e gardagol Lietnaa-kolonel Murtala Mohammed. Gardiiɗo konu Ironsi ko Yakubu Gowon wonti hooreejo leydi ndi. Ko o Brigade Major Brigade Ist to Kaduna, Ogbemudia waɗii darnde mawnde e nder kuudetaa oo, nde tawnoo o woppii konu makko to Kaduna e dow miijo gardiiɗo artileriyee Lietnaa-Kolonel Alex Madiebo Major Ogbemudia daɗii ngam tippudi kolonel Hassan katsina e major Abba Kyari. E lewru ut ndeen hitaande o artiraa e komanndaa nokku oo, wuro Benin, o woni Master-General Quartier, komanndaa nokku 4ɓo. Ogbemudia wondude e Major Seneraal Ejoor, Guwerneer Militeer mo diiwaan Mid-west e Pius Ermobor, ofisee humpito ko kamɓe tan ngoni ofiseeji tati jogiiɗi darnde Major e dow mum, jogiiɓe darnde ardorde strateeji, ɓe ngonaa e renndooji haalooɓe ɗemngal Igbo e nder diiwaan Mid-west. Ñalnde 9 ut 1967, konu Biafran, e gardagol Victor Banjo, yani e diiwaan Mid-western e laamorgo mum, wuro Benin, tawi ko seeɗa e reentaade, ko ɗum huunde haawniinde, nde nafoore mum wallitii e feccere e nanondiral hakkunde ardiiɓe Biafra e won e ofiseeji mawɗi ummoriiɗi e 4th Area Command. Ejoor waawii dogde haa Lagos tawi Ogbemudia ina yahra e duuɓi seeɗa ina yuɓɓina dillere reentaare nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa welɓe e njiimaandi ndii. Caggal mum o ummii o fayi to Galle Konu, Lagos, o naati e Division Infanterie ɗiɗaɓo mo Murtala Mohammed ardii ngam haɓaade Midwest. Ñalnde 20 suwee 1967, konu nguu e gardagol Ogbemudia heɓti wuro Benin e juuɗe konu Biafran.

Ogbemudia toɗɗaama gardiiɗo konu leydi Mid-West e lewru Seeɗto, hitaande 1967 caggal nde leydi ndi woppitaa e juuɗe konu Biafran seertuɗo. O toɗɗaa e Lietnaa Kolonel, Ogbemudia toɗɗaa guwerneer militeer diiwaan oo ñalnde 26 oktoobar 1967. Ko o neɗɗo populist, jiɗɗo mahngo caggal wolde, o fuɗɗii moƴƴinde golle e nder fannuuji dingiral, ƴellitaare wuro, jaŋde, yah-ngartaa jamaa, galleeji e njulaagu. O mahii estaad dingiral Ogbe, jooni o inniri ɗum ko estaad Samuel Ogbemudia, e lewru ut 1973 o yamiri suudu defte ngenndiiru to wuro Benin, mo cuuɗi tati. Eɓɓooje goɗɗe ina njeyaa heen : ndema mekaniseer Agbede, njuɓɓudi laana ndiwoowa ladde, njuɓɓudi njamndi Bendel, farmasiiji Bendel, laana ndiwoowa Bendel, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Benin e laana Bendel. E duuɓi garooji ɗii, yimɓe ƴeewtindiima guwerneer makko, ko sahaa nde ko heewi heɓaa, rewi heen ko darnde e nder njuɓɓudiiji garooji ɗii.

Terɗe guwarnama makko ina njeyaa heen: Edwin Clark, Frank Oputa-Otutu, T.E.A. Salubi, e Lawrence Leo Borha.

E lewru sulyee 1975, nde Murtala Mohammed wonti hooreejo leydi, o woppi guwerneeruuji konu sappo e ɗiɗo gonɗi e les njiimaandi Yakubu Gowon. Retireede oo caggal ɗuum wayliima wonti ittugol golle caggal nde won e guwerneeruuji ɗii njiytaa ina mbaɗa fenaande. Ina jeyaa e ɓeen Samuel Ogbemudia, mo Murtala, e oon sahaa gardiiɗo njiimaandi Mid-west, toɗɗinoo e bannge gooto duuɓi jeetati ko adii ɗuum, mo o lomtii Kolonel George Agbazika Innih. Ogbemudia ko ñaawoore wiɗti ɗum e hitaande 1975 kono o miijii o waawaa heɓde ñaawoore laaɓtunde sabu hooreejo ñaawoore ndee ko Ogbemudia woppi ɗum e golle mum gadiiɗe ɗee. Goomu wiɗto jawdi 1975 noon, tawi ko o baawɗo alɗude ko boni. E nder republique ɗiɗaɓo, o laɓɓinaama e suudu sarɗiiji dowla Bendel ngam ñaawde laamu bonngu.

Ogbemudia wonnoo ko to Londres e sahaa kuudetaa e lewru sulyee 1975, o wallitii e moƴƴitingol galle Gowon to Londres caggal nde hooreejo leydi gonnooɗo oo yahi egginde.

Posto golle konu

E nder gartugol laamu siwil seeɗa, Ogbemudia suɓaama guwerneer diiwaan Bendel e lewru Oktoobar 1983, o woni kanndidaa lannda ngenndiijo leydi Naajeeriya, o lomtii Ambrose Alli mo lannda ngootaagu leydi Naajeeriya. Kono o dañii darnde makko e lewru Duujal hitaande ndeen nde Muhammadu Buhari wonti laamɗo konu caggal kuudetaa mo fooli hooreejo leydi siwil biyeteeɗo Shehu Shagari.

Hakkunde hitaande 1987 e 1989, Ogbemudia wonnoo hooreejo Komisiyoŋ Pijirlooji leydi Najeriya, e hitaande 1989, Babangida toɗɗii mo wonde hooreejo gooto e fedde laamorgo leydi Najeriya (NRC) gonnde e hare. E nder laamu makko, golle e kaalis fedde nde ɓeydiima moƴƴude hade makko yaltude NRC e hitaande 1992.

Seneraal Sani Abacha, hooreejo leydi konu gila noowammbar 1993, haa o maayi e lewru suwee 1998, toɗɗii Ogbemudia jaagorde golle e ƴellitaare. Ogbemudia wiyi maa o maay ngam Abacha. Ogbemudia walliri kuugal ngam Abacha darna suɓol, o wi'i &quot;Lenyol ngol waɗi yahdu mawndu haa laamu Seneraal Abacha ... Ko kanko tan woni, walaa sikke, jaabawol yahdu e ɓamtaare Naajeeriya&quot;.

Republique nayaɓere

Caggal nde demokaraasi arti e hitaande 1998/1999, Ogbemudia jeyaa ko e sosɓe lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder diiwaan Edo, kadi ko tergal e yiilirde lannda ka. Ogbemudia e hooreejo Anthony Anenih ɗon jogi siyaasaaku PDP nder jiha Edo nder duuɓi sappo garooji, arannde ɓe ɗonno huuwa booɗɗum ammaa ɓaawo man ɓe ngarti nder fitinaaji udditiiɗi.

E lewru Duujal hitaande 2004, Ogbemudia wi'i jaɓii Anthony Anenih suɓa cuɓol maako ngam suɓugo guwerneer lesdi Edo. O wi'i o yiɗaa haala ka diiwal senateer gooto nder jiha kan jogi jokkirgol duumingol dow darnde guwerneer. E lewru noowammbar 2007, e batu mawngu PDP to Stade Samuel Ogbemudia to Benin, Ogbemudia haali ko tiiɗi e eɓɓaande Anthony Anenih ngam waylude njuɓɓudi zoning gonndi e birooji, caggal ɗuum o yalti e batu nguu.

E lewru desaambar 2006, Ogbemudia hollitii ballal mum e ɗaɓɓaande Doktoor Mohammed Buba Marwa ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi.

Ñalnde 20 marse 2008, ñaawirdu woppii woote Oserheimen Osunbor (PDP) ngam wonde guwerneer diiwaan Edo sabu ŋakkeende woote, bayyini wonde sehil makko biyeteeɗo Adams Oshiomhole mo Kongres Action woni keɓɗo. E nder yeewtere nde o waɗdunoo e lewru Noowammbar ndeen hitaande, hono tergal mawngal e nder fedde PDP, Ogbemudia wiyi o ɓuri yiɗde ko tergal PDP heɓatnoo. Kono o jaɓi njeñtudi ñaawirdu nduu, o siftini Oshiomhole ko neɗɗo jikku tiiɗɗo. O haali ko boni e guwerneeruuji ɓennuɗi, ko wayi no mawɗo Lucky Igbinedion.

E lewru Siilo hitaande 2009, Ogbemudia wonnoo ko hooreejo fedde PDP nde ina wallitnoo Prof. Julius Ihonvbere ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Edo e hitaande 2011. Fedde luulndiinde laamu nguu, nde Tony Anenih ardii, ɓuri yiɗde ko Senator Odion Ugbesia wonde kanndidaa. E lewru oktoobar 2009, Ogbemudia waawaano tawtoreede batu ngootaagu lannda ka to diiwaan Edo mo Anthony Anenih yuɓɓini. Lewru caggal ɗuum, Ogbemudia yetti Oshiomhole golle mum e hitaande mum adannde, ɗum addani ɗum miijaade wonde ina waawi wonde jokkondiral politik hakkunde ɓeen ɗiɗo.

Wade

Ñalnde 9 marse 2017, Sam Ogbemudia (jr) hollitii maayde baaba mum e jaaynooɓe to galle maayɗo oo. O wi'i baaba maako maayi nyalnde saaliinde, haa suudu nyawndiigu keeriiɗo haa Lagos. O yahrata ko e duuɓi 84.

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Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia (17 suwee 1932 – 9 marse 2017) ko ofisee konu leydi Nijeer, ko o dawriyanke. O woniino Guwerneer konu (1967–1975) to Dowla Caka-Hirnaange, caggal ɗuum o innitiraa Dowla Bendel, feccere e mayri caggal ɗuum wonti Dowla Edo. Caggal nde o arti e demokaraasi e hitaande 1999, o wonti jom doole e nder lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP). E lewru suwee 2009, guwerneer Adams Oshiomhole mo diiwaan Edo e woɗɓe tawtoraama ñalngu mawningol duuɓi 77 to leydi Benin. O teskaama ko gooto e baabiraaɓe sosɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde janngirde Benin (UBTH) .

Duuɓi gadani
Osaigbovo Ogbemudia jibinaa ko Chinedu Ogbemudia to wuro Benin ñalnde 17 suwee 1932, o inniraa ko mawniiko. O jeyaa ko Igbanke ɓooyɗo Igbo-Akiri to LGA Orhionmwon. E ɗemngal Edo, innde Ogbemudia ina waawi firteede ko &quot;ooɗoo galle arii hoɗde&quot;. Kadi firti ko ‘darnde ɓesngu am/hoɗdiiɓe am ko ɗoo ngam jooɗaade’ e ɗemngal Igbo Nde o woni suka o jooɗii e mawniiko gorko, F.S. Uwaifo, to leydi Benne. O naati duɗal Baptist to Benin (1941-1945), caggal ɗuum o naati duɗal laamu wiyeteengal Victoria, to Kamaruun (1945-1947). Jaŋde makko hakkundeere ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe hirnaange, to wuro Benin (1947–1949).

O naati konu Nijeer e hitaande 1956, o heblo to Teshie, Ganaa e to Netheravon e Salisbury Plain to Angalteer (1957). O naati duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, Angalteer, e hitaande 1960, o yamiraa wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e hitaande 1961. O naati duɗal wellitaare keeriingal konu Amerik to Fort Bragg, to Karolina worgo e hitaande 1962. Ogbemudia golliima e fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam hisnude jam e hitaande1 1964. O toɗɗaama jannginoowo to duɗal konu leydi Najeriya, Zaria e hitaande 1964.

Career e sahaa laamu konu
E lewru Yarkomaa 1966, kuudetaa liɓi laamu siwil en Nijeer. E lewru sulyee 1966, laamɗo konu Seneraal Major Jonson Aguiyi-Ironsi woppitaa laamu, waraa e ko wiyetee « kuudetaa » Niiseer e hitaande 1966 e gardagol Lietnaa-kolonel Murtala Mohammed. Gardiiɗo konu Ironsi ko Yakubu Gowon wonti hooreejo leydi ndi. Ko o Brigade Major Brigade Ist to Kaduna, Ogbemudia waɗii darnde mawnde e nder kuudetaa oo, nde tawnoo o woppii konu makko to Kaduna e dow miijo gardiiɗo artileriyee Lietnaa-Kolonel Alex Madiebo Major Ogbemudia daɗii ngam tippudi kolonel Hassan katsina e major Abba Kyari. E lewru ut ndeen hitaande o artiraa e komanndaa nokku oo, wuro Benin, o woni Master-General Quartier, komanndaa nokku 4ɓo. Ogbemudia wondude e Major Seneraal Ejoor, Guwerneer Militeer mo diiwaan Mid-west e Pius Ermobor, ofisee humpito ko kamɓe tan ngoni ofiseeji tati jogiiɗi darnde Major e dow mum, jogiiɓe darnde ardorde strateeji, ɓe ngonaa e renndooji haalooɓe ɗemngal Igbo e nder diiwaan Mid-west. Ñalnde 9 ut 1967, konu Biafran, e gardagol Victor Banjo, yani e diiwaan Mid-western e laamorgo mum, wuro Benin, tawi ko seeɗa e reentaade, ko ɗum huunde haawniinde, nde nafoore mum wallitii e feccere e nanondiral hakkunde ardiiɓe Biafra e won e ofiseeji mawɗi ummoriiɗi e 4th Area Command. Ejoor waawii dogde haa Lagos tawi Ogbemudia ina yahra e duuɓi seeɗa ina yuɓɓina dillere reentaare nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa welɓe e njiimaandi ndii. Caggal mum o ummii o fayi to Galle Konu, Lagos, o naati e Division Infanterie ɗiɗaɓo mo Murtala Mohammed ardii ngam haɓaade Midwest. Ñalnde 20 suwee 1967, konu nguu e gardagol Ogbemudia heɓti wuro Benin e juuɗe konu Biafran.

Ogbemudia toɗɗaama gardiiɗo konu leydi Mid-West e lewru Seeɗto, hitaande 1967 caggal nde leydi ndi woppitaa e juuɗe konu Biafran seertuɗo. O toɗɗaa e Lietnaa Kolonel, Ogbemudia toɗɗaa guwerneer militeer diiwaan oo ñalnde 26 oktoobar 1967. Ko o neɗɗo populist, jiɗɗo mahngo caggal wolde, o fuɗɗii moƴƴinde golle e nder fannuuji dingiral, ƴellitaare wuro, jaŋde, yah-ngartaa jamaa, galleeji e njulaagu. O mahii estaad dingiral Ogbe, jooni o inniri ɗum ko estaad Samuel Ogbemudia, e lewru ut 1973 o yamiri suudu defte ngenndiiru to wuro Benin, mo cuuɗi tati. Eɓɓooje goɗɗe ina njeyaa heen : ndema mekaniseer Agbede, njuɓɓudi laana ndiwoowa ladde, njuɓɓudi njamndi Bendel, farmasiiji Bendel, laana ndiwoowa Bendel, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Benin e laana Bendel. E duuɓi garooji ɗii, yimɓe ƴeewtindiima guwerneer makko, ko sahaa nde ko heewi heɓaa, rewi heen ko darnde e nder njuɓɓudiiji garooji ɗii.

Terɗe guwarnama makko ina njeyaa heen: Edwin Clark, Frank Oputa-Otutu, T.E.A. Salubi, e Lawrence Leo Borha.

E lewru sulyee 1975, nde Murtala Mohammed wonti hooreejo leydi, o woppi guwerneeruuji konu sappo e ɗiɗo gonɗi e les njiimaandi Yakubu Gowon. Retireede oo caggal ɗuum wayliima wonti ittugol golle caggal nde won e guwerneeruuji ɗii njiytaa ina mbaɗa fenaande. Ina jeyaa e ɓeen Samuel Ogbemudia, mo Murtala, e oon sahaa gardiiɗo njiimaandi Mid-west, toɗɗinoo e bannge gooto duuɓi jeetati ko adii ɗuum, mo o lomtii Kolonel George Agbazika Innih. Ogbemudia ko ñaawoore wiɗti ɗum e hitaande 1975 kono o miijii o waawaa heɓde ñaawoore laaɓtunde sabu hooreejo ñaawoore ndee ko Ogbemudia woppi ɗum e golle mum gadiiɗe ɗee. Goomu wiɗto jawdi 1975 noon, tawi ko o baawɗo alɗude ko boni. E nder republique ɗiɗaɓo, o laɓɓinaama e suudu sarɗiiji dowla Bendel ngam ñaawde laamu bonngu.

Ogbemudia wonnoo ko to Londres e sahaa kuudetaa e lewru sulyee 1975, o wallitii e moƴƴitingol galle Gowon to Londres caggal nde hooreejo leydi gonnooɗo oo yahi egginde.

Posto golle konu

E nder gartugol laamu siwil seeɗa, Ogbemudia suɓaama guwerneer diiwaan Bendel e lewru Oktoobar 1983, o woni kanndidaa lannda ngenndiijo leydi Naajeeriya, o lomtii Ambrose Alli mo lannda ngootaagu leydi Naajeeriya. Kono o dañii darnde makko e lewru Duujal hitaande ndeen nde Muhammadu Buhari wonti laamɗo konu caggal kuudetaa mo fooli hooreejo leydi siwil biyeteeɗo Shehu Shagari.

Hakkunde hitaande 1987 e 1989, Ogbemudia wonnoo hooreejo Komisiyoŋ Pijirlooji leydi Najeriya, e hitaande 1989, Babangida toɗɗii mo wonde hooreejo gooto e fedde laamorgo leydi Najeriya (NRC) gonnde e hare. E nder laamu makko, golle e kaalis fedde nde ɓeydiima moƴƴude hade makko yaltude NRC e hitaande 1992.

Seneraal Sani Abacha, hooreejo leydi konu gila noowammbar 1993, haa o maayi e lewru suwee 1998, toɗɗii Ogbemudia jaagorde golle e ƴellitaare. Ogbemudia wiyi maa o maay ngam Abacha. Ogbemudia walliri kuugal ngam Abacha darna suɓol, o wi'i &quot;Lenyol ngol waɗi yahdu mawndu haa laamu Seneraal Abacha ... Ko kanko tan woni, walaa sikke, jaabawol yahdu e ɓamtaare Naajeeriya&quot;.

Republique nayaɓere

Caggal nde demokaraasi arti e hitaande 1998/1999, Ogbemudia jeyaa ko e sosɓe lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder diiwaan Edo, kadi ko tergal e yiilirde lannda ka. Ogbemudia e hooreejo Anthony Anenih ɗon jogi siyaasaaku PDP nder jiha Edo nder duuɓi sappo garooji, arannde ɓe ɗonno huuwa booɗɗum ammaa ɓaawo man ɓe ngarti nder fitinaaji udditiiɗi.

E lewru Duujal hitaande 2004, Ogbemudia wi'i jaɓii Anthony Anenih suɓa cuɓol maako ngam suɓugo guwerneer lesdi Edo. O wi'i o yiɗaa haala ka diiwal senateer gooto nder jiha kan jogi jokkirgol duumingol dow darnde guwerneer. E lewru noowammbar 2007, e batu mawngu PDP to Stade Samuel Ogbemudia to Benin, Ogbemudia haali ko tiiɗi e eɓɓaande Anthony Anenih ngam waylude njuɓɓudi zoning gonndi e birooji, caggal ɗuum o yalti e batu nguu.

E lewru desaambar 2006, Ogbemudia hollitii ballal mum e ɗaɓɓaande Doktoor Mohammed Buba Marwa ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi.

Ñalnde 20 marse 2008, ñaawirdu woppii woote Oserheimen Osunbor (PDP) ngam wonde guwerneer diiwaan Edo sabu ŋakkeende woote, bayyini wonde sehil makko biyeteeɗo Adams Oshiomhole mo Kongres Action woni keɓɗo. E nder yeewtere nde o waɗdunoo e lewru Noowammbar ndeen hitaande, hono tergal mawngal e nder fedde PDP, Ogbemudia wiyi o ɓuri yiɗde ko tergal PDP heɓatnoo. Kono o jaɓi njeñtudi ñaawirdu nduu, o siftini Oshiomhole ko neɗɗo jikku tiiɗɗo. O haali ko boni e guwerneeruuji ɓennuɗi, ko wayi no mawɗo Lucky Igbinedion.

E lewru Siilo hitaande 2009, Ogbemudia wonnoo ko hooreejo fedde PDP nde ina wallitnoo Prof. Julius Ihonvbere ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Edo e hitaande 2011. Fedde luulndiinde laamu nguu, nde Tony Anenih ardii, ɓuri yiɗde ko Senator Odion Ugbesia wonde kanndidaa. E lewru oktoobar 2009, Ogbemudia waawaano tawtoreede batu ngootaagu lannda ka to diiwaan Edo mo Anthony Anenih yuɓɓini. Lewru caggal ɗuum, Ogbemudia yetti Oshiomhole golle mum e hitaande mum adannde, ɗum addani ɗum miijaade wonde ina waawi wonde jokkondiral politik hakkunde ɓeen ɗiɗo.

Wade

Ñalnde 9 marse 2017, Sam Ogbemudia (jr) hollitii maayde baaba mum e jaaynooɓe to galle maayɗo oo. O wi'i baaba maako maayi nyalnde saaliinde, haa suudu nyawndiigu keeriiɗo haa Lagos. O yahrata ko e duuɓi 84.

Tuugnorgal</text>
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'''Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia''' (17 suwee 1932 – 9 marse 2017) ko ofisee konu leydi Nijeer, ko o dawriyanke. O woniino Guwerneer konu (1967–1975) to Dowla Caka-Hirnaange, caggal ɗuum o innitiraa Dowla Bendel, feccere e mayri caggal ɗuum wonti Dowla Edo. Caggal nde o arti e demokaraasi e hitaande 1999, o wonti jom doole e nder lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP). E lewru suwee 2009, guwerneer Adams Oshiomhole mo diiwaan Edo e woɗɓe tawtoraama ñalngu mawningol duuɓi 77 to leydi Benin. O teskaama ko gooto e baabiraaɓe sosɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde janngirde Benin (UBTH) .

== Duuɓi gadani ==
Osaigbovo Ogbemudia jibinaa ko Chinedu Ogbemudia to wuro Benin ñalnde 17 suwee 1932, o inniraa ko mawniiko. O jeyaa ko Igbanke ɓooyɗo Igbo-Akiri to LGA Orhionmwon. E ɗemngal Edo, innde Ogbemudia ina waawi firteede ko &quot;ooɗoo galle arii hoɗde&quot;. Kadi firti ko ‘darnde ɓesngu am/hoɗdiiɓe am ko ɗoo ngam jooɗaade’ e ɗemngal Igbo Nde o woni suka o jooɗii e mawniiko gorko, F.S. Uwaifo, to leydi Benne. O naati duɗal Baptist to Benin (1941-1945), caggal ɗuum o naati duɗal laamu wiyeteengal Victoria, to Kamaruun (1945-1947). Jaŋde makko hakkundeere ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe hirnaange, to wuro Benin (1947–1949).

O naati konu Nijeer e hitaande 1956, o heblo to Teshie, Ganaa e to Netheravon e Salisbury Plain to Angalteer (1957). O naati duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, Angalteer, e hitaande 1960, o yamiraa wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e hitaande 1961. O naati duɗal wellitaare keeriingal konu Amerik to Fort Bragg, to Karolina worgo e hitaande 1962. Ogbemudia golliima e fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam hisnude jam e hitaande1 1964. O toɗɗaama jannginoowo to duɗal konu leydi Najeriya, Zaria e hitaande 1964.

== Career e sahaa laamu konu ==
E lewru Yarkomaa 1966, kuudetaa liɓi laamu siwil en Nijeer. E lewru sulyee 1966, laamɗo konu Seneraal Major Jonson Aguiyi-Ironsi woppitaa laamu, waraa e ko wiyetee « kuudetaa » Niiseer e hitaande 1966 e gardagol Lietnaa-kolonel Murtala Mohammed. Gardiiɗo konu Ironsi ko Yakubu Gowon wonti hooreejo leydi ndi. Ko o Brigade Major Brigade Ist to Kaduna, Ogbemudia waɗii darnde mawnde e nder kuudetaa oo, nde tawnoo o woppii konu makko to Kaduna e dow miijo gardiiɗo artileriyee Lietnaa-Kolonel Alex Madiebo Major Ogbemudia daɗii ngam tippudi kolonel Hassan katsina e major Abba Kyari. E lewru ut ndeen hitaande o artiraa e komanndaa nokku oo, wuro Benin, o woni Master-General Quartier, komanndaa nokku 4ɓo. Ogbemudia wondude e Major Seneraal Ejoor, Guwerneer Militeer mo diiwaan Mid-west e Pius Ermobor, ofisee humpito ko kamɓe tan ngoni ofiseeji tati jogiiɗi darnde Major e dow mum, jogiiɓe darnde ardorde strateeji, ɓe ngonaa e renndooji haalooɓe ɗemngal Igbo e nder diiwaan Mid-west. Ñalnde 9 ut 1967, konu Biafran, e gardagol Victor Banjo, yani e diiwaan Mid-western e laamorgo mum, wuro Benin, tawi ko seeɗa e reentaade, ko ɗum huunde haawniinde, nde nafoore mum wallitii e feccere e nanondiral hakkunde ardiiɓe Biafra e won e ofiseeji mawɗi ummoriiɗi e 4th Area Command. Ejoor waawii dogde haa Lagos tawi Ogbemudia ina yahra e duuɓi seeɗa ina yuɓɓina dillere reentaare nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa welɓe e njiimaandi ndii. Caggal mum o ummii o fayi to Galle Konu, Lagos, o naati e Division Infanterie ɗiɗaɓo mo Murtala Mohammed ardii ngam haɓaade Midwest. Ñalnde 20 suwee 1967, konu nguu e gardagol Ogbemudia heɓti wuro Benin e juuɗe konu Biafran.

Ogbemudia toɗɗaama gardiiɗo konu leydi Mid-West e lewru Seeɗto, hitaande 1967 caggal nde leydi ndi woppitaa e juuɗe konu Biafran seertuɗo. O toɗɗaa e Lietnaa Kolonel, Ogbemudia toɗɗaa guwerneer militeer diiwaan oo ñalnde 26 oktoobar 1967. Ko o neɗɗo populist, jiɗɗo mahngo caggal wolde, o fuɗɗii moƴƴinde golle e nder fannuuji dingiral, ƴellitaare wuro, jaŋde, yah-ngartaa jamaa, galleeji e njulaagu. O mahii estaad dingiral Ogbe, jooni o inniri ɗum ko estaad Samuel Ogbemudia, e lewru ut 1973 o yamiri suudu defte ngenndiiru to wuro Benin, mo cuuɗi tati. Eɓɓooje goɗɗe ina njeyaa heen : ndema mekaniseer Agbede, njuɓɓudi laana ndiwoowa ladde, njuɓɓudi njamndi Bendel, farmasiiji Bendel, laana ndiwoowa Bendel, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Benin e laana Bendel. E duuɓi garooji ɗii, yimɓe ƴeewtindiima guwerneer makko, ko sahaa nde ko heewi heɓaa, rewi heen ko darnde e nder njuɓɓudiiji garooji ɗii.

Terɗe guwarnama makko ina njeyaa heen: Edwin Clark, Frank Oputa-Otutu, T.E.A. Salubi, e Lawrence Leo Borha.

E lewru sulyee 1975, nde Murtala Mohammed wonti hooreejo leydi, o woppi guwerneeruuji konu sappo e ɗiɗo gonɗi e les njiimaandi Yakubu Gowon. Retireede oo caggal ɗuum wayliima wonti ittugol golle caggal nde won e guwerneeruuji ɗii njiytaa ina mbaɗa fenaande. Ina jeyaa e ɓeen Samuel Ogbemudia, mo Murtala, e oon sahaa gardiiɗo njiimaandi Mid-west, toɗɗinoo e bannge gooto duuɓi jeetati ko adii ɗuum, mo o lomtii Kolonel George Agbazika Innih. Ogbemudia ko ñaawoore wiɗti ɗum e hitaande 1975 kono o miijii o waawaa heɓde ñaawoore laaɓtunde sabu hooreejo ñaawoore ndee ko Ogbemudia woppi ɗum e golle mum gadiiɗe ɗee. Goomu wiɗto jawdi 1975 noon, tawi ko o baawɗo alɗude ko boni. E nder republique ɗiɗaɓo, o laɓɓinaama e suudu sarɗiiji dowla Bendel ngam ñaawde laamu bonngu.

Ogbemudia wonnoo ko to Londres e sahaa kuudetaa e lewru sulyee 1975, o wallitii e moƴƴitingol galle Gowon to Londres caggal nde hooreejo leydi gonnooɗo oo yahi egginde.

== Posto golle konu ==
E nder gartugol laamu siwil seeɗa, Ogbemudia suɓaama guwerneer diiwaan Bendel e lewru Oktoobar 1983, o woni kanndidaa lannda ngenndiijo leydi Naajeeriya, o lomtii Ambrose Alli mo lannda ngootaagu leydi Naajeeriya. Kono o dañii darnde makko e lewru Duujal hitaande ndeen nde Muhammadu Buhari wonti laamɗo konu caggal kuudetaa mo fooli hooreejo leydi siwil biyeteeɗo Shehu Shagari.

Hakkunde hitaande 1987 e 1989, Ogbemudia wonnoo hooreejo Komisiyoŋ Pijirlooji leydi Najeriya, e hitaande 1989, Babangida toɗɗii mo wonde hooreejo gooto e fedde laamorgo leydi Najeriya (NRC) gonnde e hare. E nder laamu makko, golle e kaalis fedde nde ɓeydiima moƴƴude hade makko yaltude NRC e hitaande 1992.

Seneraal Sani Abacha, hooreejo leydi konu gila noowammbar 1993, haa o maayi e lewru suwee 1998, toɗɗii Ogbemudia jaagorde golle e ƴellitaare. Ogbemudia wiyi maa o maay ngam Abacha. Ogbemudia walliri kuugal ngam Abacha darna suɓol, o wi'i &quot;Lenyol ngol waɗi yahdu mawndu haa laamu Seneraal Abacha ... Ko kanko tan woni, walaa sikke, jaabawol yahdu e ɓamtaare Naajeeriya&quot;.

== Republique nayaɓere ==
Caggal nde demokaraasi arti e hitaande 1998/1999, Ogbemudia jeyaa ko e sosɓe lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder diiwaan Edo, kadi ko tergal e yiilirde lannda ka. Ogbemudia e hooreejo Anthony Anenih ɗon jogi siyaasaaku PDP nder jiha Edo nder duuɓi sappo garooji, arannde ɓe ɗonno huuwa booɗɗum ammaa ɓaawo man ɓe ngarti nder fitinaaji udditiiɗi.

E lewru Duujal hitaande 2004, Ogbemudia wi'i jaɓii Anthony Anenih suɓa cuɓol maako ngam suɓugo guwerneer lesdi Edo. O wi'i o yiɗaa haala ka diiwal senateer gooto nder jiha kan jogi jokkirgol duumingol dow darnde guwerneer. E lewru noowammbar 2007, e batu mawngu PDP to Stade Samuel Ogbemudia to Benin, Ogbemudia haali ko tiiɗi e eɓɓaande Anthony Anenih ngam waylude njuɓɓudi zoning gonndi e birooji, caggal ɗuum o yalti e batu nguu.

E lewru desaambar 2006, Ogbemudia hollitii ballal mum e ɗaɓɓaande Doktoor Mohammed Buba Marwa ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi.

Ñalnde 20 marse 2008, ñaawirdu woppii woote Oserheimen Osunbor (PDP) ngam wonde guwerneer diiwaan Edo sabu ŋakkeende woote, bayyini wonde sehil makko biyeteeɗo Adams Oshiomhole mo Kongres Action woni keɓɗo. E nder yeewtere nde o waɗdunoo e lewru Noowammbar ndeen hitaande, hono tergal mawngal e nder fedde PDP, Ogbemudia wiyi o ɓuri yiɗde ko tergal PDP heɓatnoo. Kono o jaɓi njeñtudi ñaawirdu nduu, o siftini Oshiomhole ko neɗɗo jikku tiiɗɗo. O haali ko boni e guwerneeruuji ɓennuɗi, ko wayi no mawɗo Lucky Igbinedion.

E lewru Siilo hitaande 2009, Ogbemudia wonnoo ko hooreejo fedde PDP nde ina wallitnoo Prof. Julius Ihonvbere ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Edo e hitaande 2011. Fedde luulndiinde laamu nguu, nde Tony Anenih ardii, ɓuri yiɗde ko Senator Odion Ugbesia wonde kanndidaa. E lewru oktoobar 2009, Ogbemudia waawaano tawtoreede batu ngootaagu lannda ka to diiwaan Edo mo Anthony Anenih yuɓɓini. Lewru caggal ɗuum, Ogbemudia yetti Oshiomhole golle mum e hitaande mum adannde, ɗum addani ɗum miijaade wonde ina waawi wonde jokkondiral politik hakkunde ɓeen ɗiɗo.

== Wade ==
Ñalnde 9 marse 2017, Sam Ogbemudia (jr) hollitii maayde baaba mum e jaaynooɓe to galle maayɗo oo. O wi'i baaba maako maayi nyalnde saaliinde, haa suudu nyawndiigu keeriiɗo haa Lagos. O yahrata ko e duuɓi 84.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia''' (17 suwee 1932 – 9 marse 2017) ko ofisee konu leydi Nijeer, ko o dawriyanke. O woniino Guwerneer konu (1967–1975) to Dowla Caka-Hirnaange, caggal ɗuum o innitiraa Dowla Bendel, feccere e mayri caggal ɗuum wonti Dowla Edo. Caggal nde o arti e demokaraasi e hitaande 1999, o wonti jom doole e nder lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP). E lewru suwee 2009, guwerneer Adams Oshiomhole mo diiwaan Edo e woɗɓe tawtoraama ñalngu mawningol duuɓi 77 to leydi Benin. O teskaama ko gooto e baabiraaɓe sosɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde janngirde Benin (UBTH) .&lt;ref name=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Dr Samuel Ogbemudia dies at 84: Nigerian reacts... – Tribune|url=http://tribuneonlineng.com/dr-samuel-ogbemudia-dies-84-nigerian-reacts/|accessdate=12 March 2017|date=11 March 2017|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2017-03-24|title=Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia (1932 - 2017)|url=https://m.guardian.ng/opinion/samuel-osaigbovo-ogbemudia-1932-2017/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-02-27|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duuɓi gadani ==
Osaigbovo Ogbemudia jibinaa ko Chinedu Ogbemudia to wuro Benin ñalnde 17 suwee 1932, o inniraa ko mawniiko. O jeyaa ko Igbanke ɓooyɗo Igbo-Akiri to LGA Orhionmwon. E ɗemngal Edo, innde Ogbemudia ina waawi firteede ko &quot;ooɗoo galle arii hoɗde&quot;. Kadi firti ko ‘darnde ɓesngu am/hoɗdiiɓe am ko ɗoo ngam jooɗaade’ e ɗemngal Igbo Nde o woni suka o jooɗii e mawniiko gorko, F.S. Uwaifo, to leydi Benne. O naati duɗal Baptist to Benin (1941-1945), caggal ɗuum o naati duɗal laamu wiyeteengal Victoria, to Kamaruun (1945-1947). Jaŋde makko hakkundeere ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe hirnaange, to wuro Benin (1947–1949).

O naati konu Nijeer e hitaande 1956, o heblo to Teshie, Ganaa e to Netheravon e Salisbury Plain to Angalteer (1957). O naati duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, Angalteer, e hitaande 1960, o yamiraa wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e hitaande 1961. O naati duɗal wellitaare keeriingal konu Amerik to Fort Bragg, to Karolina worgo e hitaande 1962. Ogbemudia golliima e fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam hisnude jam e hitaande1 1964. O toɗɗaama jannginoowo to duɗal konu leydi Najeriya, Zaria e hitaande 1964.

== Career e sahaa laamu konu ==
E lewru Yarkomaa 1966, kuudetaa liɓi laamu siwil en Nijeer. E lewru sulyee 1966, laamɗo konu Seneraal Major Jonson Aguiyi-Ironsi woppitaa laamu, waraa e ko wiyetee « kuudetaa » Niiseer e hitaande 1966 e gardagol Lietnaa-kolonel Murtala Mohammed. Gardiiɗo konu Ironsi ko Yakubu Gowon wonti hooreejo leydi ndi. Ko o Brigade Major Brigade Ist to Kaduna, Ogbemudia waɗii darnde mawnde e nder kuudetaa oo, nde tawnoo o woppii konu makko to Kaduna e dow miijo gardiiɗo artileriyee Lietnaa-Kolonel Alex Madiebo Major Ogbemudia daɗii ngam tippudi kolonel Hassan katsina e major Abba Kyari. E lewru ut ndeen hitaande o artiraa e komanndaa nokku oo, wuro Benin, o woni Master-General Quartier, komanndaa nokku 4ɓo. Ogbemudia wondude e Major Seneraal Ejoor, Guwerneer Militeer mo diiwaan Mid-west e Pius Ermobor, ofisee humpito ko kamɓe tan ngoni ofiseeji tati jogiiɗi darnde Major e dow mum, jogiiɓe darnde ardorde strateeji, ɓe ngonaa e renndooji haalooɓe ɗemngal Igbo e nder diiwaan Mid-west. Ñalnde 9 ut 1967, konu Biafran, e gardagol Victor Banjo, yani e diiwaan Mid-western e laamorgo mum, wuro Benin, tawi ko seeɗa e reentaade, ko ɗum huunde haawniinde, nde nafoore mum wallitii e feccere e nanondiral hakkunde ardiiɓe Biafra e won e ofiseeji mawɗi ummoriiɗi e 4th Area Command. Ejoor waawii dogde haa Lagos tawi Ogbemudia ina yahra e duuɓi seeɗa ina yuɓɓina dillere reentaare nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa welɓe e njiimaandi ndii. Caggal mum o ummii o fayi to Galle Konu, Lagos, o naati e Division Infanterie ɗiɗaɓo mo Murtala Mohammed ardii ngam haɓaade Midwest. Ñalnde 20 suwee 1967, konu nguu e gardagol Ogbemudia heɓti wuro Benin e juuɗe konu Biafran.

Ogbemudia toɗɗaama gardiiɗo konu leydi Mid-West e lewru Seeɗto, hitaande 1967 caggal nde leydi ndi woppitaa e juuɗe konu Biafran seertuɗo. O toɗɗaa e Lietnaa Kolonel, Ogbemudia toɗɗaa guwerneer militeer diiwaan oo ñalnde 26 oktoobar 1967. Ko o neɗɗo populist, jiɗɗo mahngo caggal wolde, o fuɗɗii moƴƴinde golle e nder fannuuji dingiral, ƴellitaare wuro, jaŋde, yah-ngartaa jamaa, galleeji e njulaagu. O mahii estaad dingiral Ogbe, jooni o inniri ɗum ko estaad Samuel Ogbemudia, e lewru ut 1973 o yamiri suudu defte ngenndiiru to wuro Benin, mo cuuɗi tati. Eɓɓooje goɗɗe ina njeyaa heen : ndema mekaniseer Agbede, njuɓɓudi laana ndiwoowa ladde, njuɓɓudi njamndi Bendel, farmasiiji Bendel, laana ndiwoowa Bendel, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Benin e laana Bendel. E duuɓi garooji ɗii, yimɓe ƴeewtindiima guwerneer makko, ko sahaa nde ko heewi heɓaa, rewi heen ko darnde e nder njuɓɓudiiji garooji ɗii.

Terɗe guwarnama makko ina njeyaa heen: Edwin Clark, Frank Oputa-Otutu, T.E.A. Salubi, e Lawrence Leo Borha.

E lewru sulyee 1975, nde Murtala Mohammed wonti hooreejo leydi, o woppi guwerneeruuji konu sappo e ɗiɗo gonɗi e les njiimaandi Yakubu Gowon. Retireede oo caggal ɗuum wayliima wonti ittugol golle caggal nde won e guwerneeruuji ɗii njiytaa ina mbaɗa fenaande. Ina jeyaa e ɓeen Samuel Ogbemudia, mo Murtala, e oon sahaa gardiiɗo njiimaandi Mid-west, toɗɗinoo e bannge gooto duuɓi jeetati ko adii ɗuum, mo o lomtii Kolonel George Agbazika Innih. Ogbemudia ko ñaawoore wiɗti ɗum e hitaande 1975 kono o miijii o waawaa heɓde ñaawoore laaɓtunde sabu hooreejo ñaawoore ndee ko Ogbemudia woppi ɗum e golle mum gadiiɗe ɗee. Goomu wiɗto jawdi 1975 noon, tawi ko o baawɗo alɗude ko boni. E nder republique ɗiɗaɓo, o laɓɓinaama e suudu sarɗiiji dowla Bendel ngam ñaawde laamu bonngu.

Ogbemudia wonnoo ko to Londres e sahaa kuudetaa e lewru sulyee 1975, o wallitii e moƴƴitingol galle Gowon to Londres caggal nde hooreejo leydi gonnooɗo oo yahi egginde.

== Posto golle konu ==
E nder gartugol laamu siwil seeɗa, Ogbemudia suɓaama guwerneer diiwaan Bendel e lewru Oktoobar 1983, o woni kanndidaa lannda ngenndiijo leydi Naajeeriya, o lomtii Ambrose Alli mo lannda ngootaagu leydi Naajeeriya. Kono o dañii darnde makko e lewru Duujal hitaande ndeen nde Muhammadu Buhari wonti laamɗo konu caggal kuudetaa mo fooli hooreejo leydi siwil biyeteeɗo Shehu Shagari.

Hakkunde hitaande 1987 e 1989, Ogbemudia wonnoo hooreejo Komisiyoŋ Pijirlooji leydi Najeriya, e hitaande 1989, Babangida toɗɗii mo wonde hooreejo gooto e fedde laamorgo leydi Najeriya (NRC) gonnde e hare. E nder laamu makko, golle e kaalis fedde nde ɓeydiima moƴƴude hade makko yaltude NRC e hitaande 1992.

Seneraal Sani Abacha, hooreejo leydi konu gila noowammbar 1993, haa o maayi e lewru suwee 1998, toɗɗii Ogbemudia jaagorde golle e ƴellitaare. Ogbemudia wiyi maa o maay ngam Abacha. Ogbemudia walliri kuugal ngam Abacha darna suɓol, o wi'i &quot;Lenyol ngol waɗi yahdu mawndu haa laamu Seneraal Abacha ... Ko kanko tan woni, walaa sikke, jaabawol yahdu e ɓamtaare Naajeeriya&quot;.

== Republique nayaɓere ==
Caggal nde demokaraasi arti e hitaande 1998/1999, Ogbemudia jeyaa ko e sosɓe lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder diiwaan Edo, kadi ko tergal e yiilirde lannda ka. Ogbemudia e hooreejo Anthony Anenih ɗon jogi siyaasaaku PDP nder jiha Edo nder duuɓi sappo garooji, arannde ɓe ɗonno huuwa booɗɗum ammaa ɓaawo man ɓe ngarti nder fitinaaji udditiiɗi.

E lewru Duujal hitaande 2004, Ogbemudia wi'i jaɓii Anthony Anenih suɓa cuɓol maako ngam suɓugo guwerneer lesdi Edo. O wi'i o yiɗaa haala ka diiwal senateer gooto nder jiha kan jogi jokkirgol duumingol dow darnde guwerneer. E lewru noowammbar 2007, e batu mawngu PDP to Stade Samuel Ogbemudia to Benin, Ogbemudia haali ko tiiɗi e eɓɓaande Anthony Anenih ngam waylude njuɓɓudi zoning gonndi e birooji, caggal ɗuum o yalti e batu nguu.

E lewru desaambar 2006, Ogbemudia hollitii ballal mum e ɗaɓɓaande Doktoor Mohammed Buba Marwa ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi.

Ñalnde 20 marse 2008, ñaawirdu woppii woote Oserheimen Osunbor (PDP) ngam wonde guwerneer diiwaan Edo sabu ŋakkeende woote, bayyini wonde sehil makko biyeteeɗo Adams Oshiomhole mo Kongres Action woni keɓɗo. E nder yeewtere nde o waɗdunoo e lewru Noowammbar ndeen hitaande, hono tergal mawngal e nder fedde PDP, Ogbemudia wiyi o ɓuri yiɗde ko tergal PDP heɓatnoo. Kono o jaɓi njeñtudi ñaawirdu nduu, o siftini Oshiomhole ko neɗɗo jikku tiiɗɗo. O haali ko boni e guwerneeruuji ɓennuɗi, ko wayi no mawɗo Lucky Igbinedion.

E lewru Siilo hitaande 2009, Ogbemudia wonnoo ko hooreejo fedde PDP nde ina wallitnoo Prof. Julius Ihonvbere ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Edo e hitaande 2011. Fedde luulndiinde laamu nguu, nde Tony Anenih ardii, ɓuri yiɗde ko Senator Odion Ugbesia wonde kanndidaa. E lewru oktoobar 2009, Ogbemudia waawaano tawtoreede batu ngootaagu lannda ka to diiwaan Edo mo Anthony Anenih yuɓɓini. Lewru caggal ɗuum, Ogbemudia yetti Oshiomhole golle mum e hitaande mum adannde, ɗum addani ɗum miijaade wonde ina waawi wonde jokkondiral politik hakkunde ɓeen ɗiɗo.

== Wade ==
Ñalnde 9 marse 2017, Sam Ogbemudia (jr) hollitii maayde baaba mum e jaaynooɓe to galle maayɗo oo. O wi'i baaba maako maayi nyalnde saaliinde, haa suudu nyawndiigu keeriiɗo haa Lagos. O yahrata ko e duuɓi 84.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia''' (17 suwee 1932 – 9 marse 2017) ko ofisee konu leydi Nijeer, ko o dawriyanke. O woniino Guwerneer konu (1967–1975) to Dowla Caka-Hirnaange, caggal ɗuum o innitiraa Dowla Bendel, feccere e mayri caggal ɗuum wonti Dowla Edo. Caggal nde o arti e demokaraasi e hitaande 1999, o wonti jom doole e nder lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP). E lewru suwee 2009, guwerneer Adams Oshiomhole mo diiwaan Edo e woɗɓe tawtoraama ñalngu mawningol duuɓi 77 to leydi Benin. O teskaama ko gooto e baabiraaɓe sosɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde janngirde Benin (UBTH) .&lt;ref name=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Dr Samuel Ogbemudia dies at 84: Nigerian reacts... – Tribune|url=http://tribuneonlineng.com/dr-samuel-ogbemudia-dies-84-nigerian-reacts/|accessdate=12 March 2017|date=11 March 2017|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2017-03-24|title=Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia (1932 - 2017)|url=https://m.guardian.ng/opinion/samuel-osaigbovo-ogbemudia-1932-2017/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-02-27|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duuɓi gadani ==
Osaigbovo Ogbemudia jibinaa ko Chinedu Ogbemudia to wuro Benin ñalnde 17 suwee 1932, o inniraa ko mawniiko. O jeyaa ko Igbanke ɓooyɗo Igbo-Akiri to LGA Orhionmwon. E ɗemngal Edo, innde Ogbemudia ina waawi firteede ko &quot;ooɗoo galle arii hoɗde&quot;. Kadi firti ko ‘darnde ɓesngu am/hoɗdiiɓe am ko ɗoo ngam jooɗaade’ e ɗemngal Igbo Nde o woni suka o jooɗii e mawniiko gorko, F.S. Uwaifo, to leydi Benne. O naati duɗal Baptist to Benin (1941-1945), caggal ɗuum o naati duɗal laamu wiyeteengal Victoria, to Kamaruun (1945-1947). Jaŋde makko hakkundeere ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe hirnaange, to wuro Benin (1947–1949).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2017-03-23|title=Samuel Ogbemudia (1932-2017)|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/samuel-ogbemudia-1932-2017/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-02-28|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O naati konu Nijeer e hitaande 1956, o heblo to Teshie, Ganaa e to Netheravon e Salisbury Plain to Angalteer (1957). O naati duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, Angalteer, e hitaande 1960, o yamiraa wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e hitaande 1961. O naati duɗal wellitaare keeriingal konu Amerik to Fort Bragg, to Karolina worgo e hitaande 1962. Ogbemudia golliima e fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam hisnude jam e hitaande1 1964. O toɗɗaama jannginoowo to duɗal konu leydi Najeriya, Zaria e hitaande 1964.

== Career e sahaa laamu konu ==
E lewru Yarkomaa 1966, kuudetaa liɓi laamu siwil en Nijeer. E lewru sulyee 1966, laamɗo konu Seneraal Major Jonson Aguiyi-Ironsi woppitaa laamu, waraa e ko wiyetee « kuudetaa » Niiseer e hitaande 1966 e gardagol Lietnaa-kolonel Murtala Mohammed. Gardiiɗo konu Ironsi ko Yakubu Gowon wonti hooreejo leydi ndi. Ko o Brigade Major Brigade Ist to Kaduna, Ogbemudia waɗii darnde mawnde e nder kuudetaa oo, nde tawnoo o woppii konu makko to Kaduna e dow miijo gardiiɗo artileriyee Lietnaa-Kolonel Alex Madiebo Major Ogbemudia daɗii ngam tippudi kolonel Hassan katsina e major Abba Kyari. E lewru ut ndeen hitaande o artiraa e komanndaa nokku oo, wuro Benin, o woni Master-General Quartier, komanndaa nokku 4ɓo. Ogbemudia wondude e Major Seneraal Ejoor, Guwerneer Militeer mo diiwaan Mid-west e Pius Ermobor, ofisee humpito ko kamɓe tan ngoni ofiseeji tati jogiiɗi darnde Major e dow mum, jogiiɓe darnde ardorde strateeji, ɓe ngonaa e renndooji haalooɓe ɗemngal Igbo e nder diiwaan Mid-west. Ñalnde 9 ut 1967, konu Biafran, e gardagol Victor Banjo, yani e diiwaan Mid-western e laamorgo mum, wuro Benin, tawi ko seeɗa e reentaade, ko ɗum huunde haawniinde, nde nafoore mum wallitii e feccere e nanondiral hakkunde ardiiɓe Biafra e won e ofiseeji mawɗi ummoriiɗi e 4th Area Command. Ejoor waawii dogde haa Lagos tawi Ogbemudia ina yahra e duuɓi seeɗa ina yuɓɓina dillere reentaare nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa welɓe e njiimaandi ndii. Caggal mum o ummii o fayi to Galle Konu, Lagos, o naati e Division Infanterie ɗiɗaɓo mo Murtala Mohammed ardii ngam haɓaade Midwest. Ñalnde 20 suwee 1967, konu nguu e gardagol Ogbemudia heɓti wuro Benin e juuɗe konu Biafran.

Ogbemudia toɗɗaama gardiiɗo konu leydi Mid-West e lewru Seeɗto, hitaande 1967 caggal nde leydi ndi woppitaa e juuɗe konu Biafran seertuɗo. O toɗɗaa e Lietnaa Kolonel, Ogbemudia toɗɗaa guwerneer militeer diiwaan oo ñalnde 26 oktoobar 1967. Ko o neɗɗo populist, jiɗɗo mahngo caggal wolde, o fuɗɗii moƴƴinde golle e nder fannuuji dingiral, ƴellitaare wuro, jaŋde, yah-ngartaa jamaa, galleeji e njulaagu. O mahii estaad dingiral Ogbe, jooni o inniri ɗum ko estaad Samuel Ogbemudia, e lewru ut 1973 o yamiri suudu defte ngenndiiru to wuro Benin, mo cuuɗi tati. Eɓɓooje goɗɗe ina njeyaa heen : ndema mekaniseer Agbede, njuɓɓudi laana ndiwoowa ladde, njuɓɓudi njamndi Bendel, farmasiiji Bendel, laana ndiwoowa Bendel, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Benin e laana Bendel. E duuɓi garooji ɗii, yimɓe ƴeewtindiima guwerneer makko, ko sahaa nde ko heewi heɓaa, rewi heen ko darnde e nder njuɓɓudiiji garooji ɗii.

Terɗe guwarnama makko ina njeyaa heen: Edwin Clark, Frank Oputa-Otutu, T.E.A. Salubi, e Lawrence Leo Borha.

E lewru sulyee 1975, nde Murtala Mohammed wonti hooreejo leydi, o woppi guwerneeruuji konu sappo e ɗiɗo gonɗi e les njiimaandi Yakubu Gowon. Retireede oo caggal ɗuum wayliima wonti ittugol golle caggal nde won e guwerneeruuji ɗii njiytaa ina mbaɗa fenaande. Ina jeyaa e ɓeen Samuel Ogbemudia, mo Murtala, e oon sahaa gardiiɗo njiimaandi Mid-west, toɗɗinoo e bannge gooto duuɓi jeetati ko adii ɗuum, mo o lomtii Kolonel George Agbazika Innih. Ogbemudia ko ñaawoore wiɗti ɗum e hitaande 1975 kono o miijii o waawaa heɓde ñaawoore laaɓtunde sabu hooreejo ñaawoore ndee ko Ogbemudia woppi ɗum e golle mum gadiiɗe ɗee. Goomu wiɗto jawdi 1975 noon, tawi ko o baawɗo alɗude ko boni. E nder republique ɗiɗaɓo, o laɓɓinaama e suudu sarɗiiji dowla Bendel ngam ñaawde laamu bonngu.

Ogbemudia wonnoo ko to Londres e sahaa kuudetaa e lewru sulyee 1975, o wallitii e moƴƴitingol galle Gowon to Londres caggal nde hooreejo leydi gonnooɗo oo yahi egginde.

== Posto golle konu ==
E nder gartugol laamu siwil seeɗa, Ogbemudia suɓaama guwerneer diiwaan Bendel e lewru Oktoobar 1983, o woni kanndidaa lannda ngenndiijo leydi Naajeeriya, o lomtii Ambrose Alli mo lannda ngootaagu leydi Naajeeriya. Kono o dañii darnde makko e lewru Duujal hitaande ndeen nde Muhammadu Buhari wonti laamɗo konu caggal kuudetaa mo fooli hooreejo leydi siwil biyeteeɗo Shehu Shagari.

Hakkunde hitaande 1987 e 1989, Ogbemudia wonnoo hooreejo Komisiyoŋ Pijirlooji leydi Najeriya, e hitaande 1989, Babangida toɗɗii mo wonde hooreejo gooto e fedde laamorgo leydi Najeriya (NRC) gonnde e hare. E nder laamu makko, golle e kaalis fedde nde ɓeydiima moƴƴude hade makko yaltude NRC e hitaande 1992.

Seneraal Sani Abacha, hooreejo leydi konu gila noowammbar 1993, haa o maayi e lewru suwee 1998, toɗɗii Ogbemudia jaagorde golle e ƴellitaare. Ogbemudia wiyi maa o maay ngam Abacha. Ogbemudia walliri kuugal ngam Abacha darna suɓol, o wi'i &quot;Lenyol ngol waɗi yahdu mawndu haa laamu Seneraal Abacha ... Ko kanko tan woni, walaa sikke, jaabawol yahdu e ɓamtaare Naajeeriya&quot;.

== Republique nayaɓere ==
Caggal nde demokaraasi arti e hitaande 1998/1999, Ogbemudia jeyaa ko e sosɓe lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder diiwaan Edo, kadi ko tergal e yiilirde lannda ka. Ogbemudia e hooreejo Anthony Anenih ɗon jogi siyaasaaku PDP nder jiha Edo nder duuɓi sappo garooji, arannde ɓe ɗonno huuwa booɗɗum ammaa ɓaawo man ɓe ngarti nder fitinaaji udditiiɗi.

E lewru Duujal hitaande 2004, Ogbemudia wi'i jaɓii Anthony Anenih suɓa cuɓol maako ngam suɓugo guwerneer lesdi Edo. O wi'i o yiɗaa haala ka diiwal senateer gooto nder jiha kan jogi jokkirgol duumingol dow darnde guwerneer. E lewru noowammbar 2007, e batu mawngu PDP to Stade Samuel Ogbemudia to Benin, Ogbemudia haali ko tiiɗi e eɓɓaande Anthony Anenih ngam waylude njuɓɓudi zoning gonndi e birooji, caggal ɗuum o yalti e batu nguu.

E lewru desaambar 2006, Ogbemudia hollitii ballal mum e ɗaɓɓaande Doktoor Mohammed Buba Marwa ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi.

Ñalnde 20 marse 2008, ñaawirdu woppii woote Oserheimen Osunbor (PDP) ngam wonde guwerneer diiwaan Edo sabu ŋakkeende woote, bayyini wonde sehil makko biyeteeɗo Adams Oshiomhole mo Kongres Action woni keɓɗo. E nder yeewtere nde o waɗdunoo e lewru Noowammbar ndeen hitaande, hono tergal mawngal e nder fedde PDP, Ogbemudia wiyi o ɓuri yiɗde ko tergal PDP heɓatnoo. Kono o jaɓi njeñtudi ñaawirdu nduu, o siftini Oshiomhole ko neɗɗo jikku tiiɗɗo. O haali ko boni e guwerneeruuji ɓennuɗi, ko wayi no mawɗo Lucky Igbinedion.

E lewru Siilo hitaande 2009, Ogbemudia wonnoo ko hooreejo fedde PDP nde ina wallitnoo Prof. Julius Ihonvbere ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Edo e hitaande 2011. Fedde luulndiinde laamu nguu, nde Tony Anenih ardii, ɓuri yiɗde ko Senator Odion Ugbesia wonde kanndidaa. E lewru oktoobar 2009, Ogbemudia waawaano tawtoreede batu ngootaagu lannda ka to diiwaan Edo mo Anthony Anenih yuɓɓini. Lewru caggal ɗuum, Ogbemudia yetti Oshiomhole golle mum e hitaande mum adannde, ɗum addani ɗum miijaade wonde ina waawi wonde jokkondiral politik hakkunde ɓeen ɗiɗo.

== Wade ==
Ñalnde 9 marse 2017, Sam Ogbemudia (jr) hollitii maayde baaba mum e jaaynooɓe to galle maayɗo oo. O wi'i baaba maako maayi nyalnde saaliinde, haa suudu nyawndiigu keeriiɗo haa Lagos. O yahrata ko e duuɓi 84.

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'''Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia''' (17 suwee 1932 – 9 marse 2017) ko ofisee konu leydi Nijeer, ko o dawriyanke. O woniino Guwerneer konu (1967–1975) to Dowla Caka-Hirnaange, caggal ɗuum o innitiraa Dowla Bendel, feccere e mayri caggal ɗuum wonti Dowla Edo. Caggal nde o arti e demokaraasi e hitaande 1999, o wonti jom doole e nder lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP). E lewru suwee 2009, guwerneer Adams Oshiomhole mo diiwaan Edo e woɗɓe tawtoraama ñalngu mawningol duuɓi 77 to leydi Benin. O teskaama ko gooto e baabiraaɓe sosɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde janngirde Benin (UBTH) .&lt;ref name=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Dr Samuel Ogbemudia dies at 84: Nigerian reacts... – Tribune|url=http://tribuneonlineng.com/dr-samuel-ogbemudia-dies-84-nigerian-reacts/|accessdate=12 March 2017|date=11 March 2017|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2017-03-24|title=Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia (1932 - 2017)|url=https://m.guardian.ng/opinion/samuel-osaigbovo-ogbemudia-1932-2017/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-02-27|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duuɓi gadani ==
Osaigbovo Ogbemudia jibinaa ko Chinedu Ogbemudia to wuro Benin ñalnde 17 suwee 1932, o inniraa ko mawniiko. O jeyaa ko Igbanke ɓooyɗo Igbo-Akiri to LGA Orhionmwon. E ɗemngal Edo, innde Ogbemudia ina waawi firteede ko &quot;ooɗoo galle arii hoɗde&quot;. Kadi firti ko ‘darnde ɓesngu am/hoɗdiiɓe am ko ɗoo ngam jooɗaade’ e ɗemngal Igbo Nde o woni suka o jooɗii e mawniiko gorko, F.S. Uwaifo, to leydi Benne. O naati duɗal Baptist to Benin (1941-1945), caggal ɗuum o naati duɗal laamu wiyeteengal Victoria, to Kamaruun (1945-1947). Jaŋde makko hakkundeere ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe hirnaange, to wuro Benin (1947–1949).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2017-03-23|title=Samuel Ogbemudia (1932-2017)|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/samuel-ogbemudia-1932-2017/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-02-28|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O naati konu Nijeer e hitaande 1956, o heblo to Teshie, Ganaa e to Netheravon e Salisbury Plain to Angalteer (1957). O naati duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, Angalteer, e hitaande 1960, o yamiraa wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e hitaande 1961. O naati duɗal wellitaare keeriingal konu Amerik to Fort Bragg, to Karolina worgo e hitaande 1962. Ogbemudia golliima e fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam hisnude jam e hitaande1 1964. O toɗɗaama jannginoowo to duɗal konu leydi Najeriya, Zaria e hitaande 1964.

== Career e sahaa laamu konu ==
E lewru Yarkomaa 1966, kuudetaa liɓi laamu siwil en Nijeer. E lewru sulyee 1966, laamɗo konu Seneraal Major Jonson Aguiyi-Ironsi woppitaa laamu, waraa e ko wiyetee « kuudetaa » Niiseer e hitaande 1966 e gardagol Lietnaa-kolonel Murtala Mohammed. Gardiiɗo konu Ironsi ko Yakubu Gowon wonti hooreejo leydi ndi. Ko o Brigade Major Brigade Ist to Kaduna, Ogbemudia waɗii darnde mawnde e nder kuudetaa oo, nde tawnoo o woppii konu makko to Kaduna e dow miijo gardiiɗo artileriyee Lietnaa-Kolonel Alex Madiebo Major Ogbemudia daɗii ngam tippudi kolonel Hassan katsina e major Abba Kyari. E lewru ut ndeen hitaande o artiraa e komanndaa nokku oo, wuro Benin, o woni Master-General Quartier, komanndaa nokku 4ɓo. Ogbemudia wondude e Major Seneraal Ejoor, Guwerneer Militeer mo diiwaan Mid-west e Pius Ermobor, ofisee humpito ko kamɓe tan ngoni ofiseeji tati jogiiɗi darnde Major e dow mum, jogiiɓe darnde ardorde strateeji, ɓe ngonaa e renndooji haalooɓe ɗemngal Igbo e nder diiwaan Mid-west. Ñalnde 9 ut 1967, konu Biafran, e gardagol Victor Banjo, yani e diiwaan Mid-western e laamorgo mum, wuro Benin, tawi ko seeɗa e reentaade, ko ɗum huunde haawniinde, nde nafoore mum wallitii e feccere e nanondiral hakkunde ardiiɓe Biafra e won e ofiseeji mawɗi ummoriiɗi e 4th Area Command. Ejoor waawii dogde haa Lagos tawi Ogbemudia ina yahra e duuɓi seeɗa ina yuɓɓina dillere reentaare nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa welɓe e njiimaandi ndii. Caggal mum o ummii o fayi to Galle Konu, Lagos, o naati e Division Infanterie ɗiɗaɓo mo Murtala Mohammed ardii ngam haɓaade Midwest. Ñalnde 20 suwee 1967, konu nguu e gardagol Ogbemudia heɓti wuro Benin e juuɗe konu Biafran.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2017-03-24|title=Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia (1932 - 2017)|url=https://m.guardian.ng/opinion/samuel-osaigbovo-ogbemudia-1932-2017/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-03-18|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Elections 1983|author=Mac Alabi|work=Daily Times|year=1983}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;biof&quot; /&gt;

Ogbemudia toɗɗaama gardiiɗo konu leydi Mid-West e lewru Seeɗto, hitaande 1967 caggal nde leydi ndi woppitaa e juuɗe konu Biafran seertuɗo. O toɗɗaa e Lietnaa Kolonel, Ogbemudia toɗɗaa guwerneer militeer diiwaan oo ñalnde 26 oktoobar 1967. Ko o neɗɗo populist, jiɗɗo mahngo caggal wolde, o fuɗɗii moƴƴinde golle e nder fannuuji dingiral, ƴellitaare wuro, jaŋde, yah-ngartaa jamaa, galleeji e njulaagu. O mahii estaad dingiral Ogbe, jooni o inniri ɗum ko estaad Samuel Ogbemudia, e lewru ut 1973 o yamiri suudu defte ngenndiiru to wuro Benin, mo cuuɗi tati. Eɓɓooje goɗɗe ina njeyaa heen : ndema mekaniseer Agbede, njuɓɓudi laana ndiwoowa ladde, njuɓɓudi njamndi Bendel, farmasiiji Bendel, laana ndiwoowa Bendel, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Benin e laana Bendel. E duuɓi garooji ɗii, yimɓe ƴeewtindiima guwerneer makko, ko sahaa nde ko heewi heɓaa, rewi heen ko darnde e nder njuɓɓudiiji garooji ɗii.

Terɗe guwarnama makko ina njeyaa heen: Edwin Clark, Frank Oputa-Otutu, T.E.A. Salubi, e Lawrence Leo Borha.

E lewru sulyee 1975, nde Murtala Mohammed wonti hooreejo leydi, o woppi guwerneeruuji konu sappo e ɗiɗo gonɗi e les njiimaandi Yakubu Gowon. Retireede oo caggal ɗuum wayliima wonti ittugol golle caggal nde won e guwerneeruuji ɗii njiytaa ina mbaɗa fenaande. Ina jeyaa e ɓeen Samuel Ogbemudia, mo Murtala, e oon sahaa gardiiɗo njiimaandi Mid-west, toɗɗinoo e bannge gooto duuɓi jeetati ko adii ɗuum, mo o lomtii Kolonel George Agbazika Innih. Ogbemudia ko ñaawoore wiɗti ɗum e hitaande 1975 kono o miijii o waawaa heɓde ñaawoore laaɓtunde sabu hooreejo ñaawoore ndee ko Ogbemudia woppi ɗum e golle mum gadiiɗe ɗee. Goomu wiɗto jawdi 1975 noon, tawi ko o baawɗo alɗude ko boni. E nder republique ɗiɗaɓo, o laɓɓinaama e suudu sarɗiiji dowla Bendel ngam ñaawde laamu bonngu.

Ogbemudia wonnoo ko to Londres e sahaa kuudetaa e lewru sulyee 1975, o wallitii e moƴƴitingol galle Gowon to Londres caggal nde hooreejo leydi gonnooɗo oo yahi egginde.

== Posto golle konu ==
E nder gartugol laamu siwil seeɗa, Ogbemudia suɓaama guwerneer diiwaan Bendel e lewru Oktoobar 1983, o woni kanndidaa lannda ngenndiijo leydi Naajeeriya, o lomtii Ambrose Alli mo lannda ngootaagu leydi Naajeeriya. Kono o dañii darnde makko e lewru Duujal hitaande ndeen nde Muhammadu Buhari wonti laamɗo konu caggal kuudetaa mo fooli hooreejo leydi siwil biyeteeɗo Shehu Shagari.

Hakkunde hitaande 1987 e 1989, Ogbemudia wonnoo hooreejo Komisiyoŋ Pijirlooji leydi Najeriya, e hitaande 1989, Babangida toɗɗii mo wonde hooreejo gooto e fedde laamorgo leydi Najeriya (NRC) gonnde e hare. E nder laamu makko, golle e kaalis fedde nde ɓeydiima moƴƴude hade makko yaltude NRC e hitaande 1992.

Seneraal Sani Abacha, hooreejo leydi konu gila noowammbar 1993, haa o maayi e lewru suwee 1998, toɗɗii Ogbemudia jaagorde golle e ƴellitaare. Ogbemudia wiyi maa o maay ngam Abacha. Ogbemudia walliri kuugal ngam Abacha darna suɓol, o wi'i &quot;Lenyol ngol waɗi yahdu mawndu haa laamu Seneraal Abacha ... Ko kanko tan woni, walaa sikke, jaabawol yahdu e ɓamtaare Naajeeriya&quot;.

== Republique nayaɓere ==
Caggal nde demokaraasi arti e hitaande 1998/1999, Ogbemudia jeyaa ko e sosɓe lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder diiwaan Edo, kadi ko tergal e yiilirde lannda ka. Ogbemudia e hooreejo Anthony Anenih ɗon jogi siyaasaaku PDP nder jiha Edo nder duuɓi sappo garooji, arannde ɓe ɗonno huuwa booɗɗum ammaa ɓaawo man ɓe ngarti nder fitinaaji udditiiɗi.

E lewru Duujal hitaande 2004, Ogbemudia wi'i jaɓii Anthony Anenih suɓa cuɓol maako ngam suɓugo guwerneer lesdi Edo. O wi'i o yiɗaa haala ka diiwal senateer gooto nder jiha kan jogi jokkirgol duumingol dow darnde guwerneer. E lewru noowammbar 2007, e batu mawngu PDP to Stade Samuel Ogbemudia to Benin, Ogbemudia haali ko tiiɗi e eɓɓaande Anthony Anenih ngam waylude njuɓɓudi zoning gonndi e birooji, caggal ɗuum o yalti e batu nguu.

E lewru desaambar 2006, Ogbemudia hollitii ballal mum e ɗaɓɓaande Doktoor Mohammed Buba Marwa ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi.

Ñalnde 20 marse 2008, ñaawirdu woppii woote Oserheimen Osunbor (PDP) ngam wonde guwerneer diiwaan Edo sabu ŋakkeende woote, bayyini wonde sehil makko biyeteeɗo Adams Oshiomhole mo Kongres Action woni keɓɗo. E nder yeewtere nde o waɗdunoo e lewru Noowammbar ndeen hitaande, hono tergal mawngal e nder fedde PDP, Ogbemudia wiyi o ɓuri yiɗde ko tergal PDP heɓatnoo. Kono o jaɓi njeñtudi ñaawirdu nduu, o siftini Oshiomhole ko neɗɗo jikku tiiɗɗo. O haali ko boni e guwerneeruuji ɓennuɗi, ko wayi no mawɗo Lucky Igbinedion.

E lewru Siilo hitaande 2009, Ogbemudia wonnoo ko hooreejo fedde PDP nde ina wallitnoo Prof. Julius Ihonvbere ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Edo e hitaande 2011. Fedde luulndiinde laamu nguu, nde Tony Anenih ardii, ɓuri yiɗde ko Senator Odion Ugbesia wonde kanndidaa. E lewru oktoobar 2009, Ogbemudia waawaano tawtoreede batu ngootaagu lannda ka to diiwaan Edo mo Anthony Anenih yuɓɓini. Lewru caggal ɗuum, Ogbemudia yetti Oshiomhole golle mum e hitaande mum adannde, ɗum addani ɗum miijaade wonde ina waawi wonde jokkondiral politik hakkunde ɓeen ɗiɗo.

== Wade ==
Ñalnde 9 marse 2017, Sam Ogbemudia (jr) hollitii maayde baaba mum e jaaynooɓe to galle maayɗo oo. O wi'i baaba maako maayi nyalnde saaliinde, haa suudu nyawndiigu keeriiɗo haa Lagos. O yahrata ko e duuɓi 84.

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'''Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia''' (17 suwee 1932 – 9 marse 2017) ko ofisee konu leydi Nijeer, ko o dawriyanke. O woniino Guwerneer konu (1967–1975) to Dowla Caka-Hirnaange, caggal ɗuum o innitiraa Dowla Bendel, feccere e mayri caggal ɗuum wonti Dowla Edo. Caggal nde o arti e demokaraasi e hitaande 1999, o wonti jom doole e nder lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP). E lewru suwee 2009, guwerneer Adams Oshiomhole mo diiwaan Edo e woɗɓe tawtoraama ñalngu mawningol duuɓi 77 to leydi Benin. O teskaama ko gooto e baabiraaɓe sosɓe duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde janngirde Benin (UBTH) .&lt;ref name=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Dr Samuel Ogbemudia dies at 84: Nigerian reacts... – Tribune|url=http://tribuneonlineng.com/dr-samuel-ogbemudia-dies-84-nigerian-reacts/|accessdate=12 March 2017|date=11 March 2017|newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2017-03-24|title=Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia (1932 - 2017)|url=https://m.guardian.ng/opinion/samuel-osaigbovo-ogbemudia-1932-2017/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-02-27|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duuɓi gadani ==
Osaigbovo Ogbemudia jibinaa ko Chinedu Ogbemudia to wuro Benin ñalnde 17 suwee 1932, o inniraa ko mawniiko. O jeyaa ko Igbanke ɓooyɗo Igbo-Akiri to LGA Orhionmwon. E ɗemngal Edo, innde Ogbemudia ina waawi firteede ko &quot;ooɗoo galle arii hoɗde&quot;. Kadi firti ko ‘darnde ɓesngu am/hoɗdiiɓe am ko ɗoo ngam jooɗaade’ e ɗemngal Igbo Nde o woni suka o jooɗii e mawniiko gorko, F.S. Uwaifo, to leydi Benne. O naati duɗal Baptist to Benin (1941-1945), caggal ɗuum o naati duɗal laamu wiyeteengal Victoria, to Kamaruun (1945-1947). Jaŋde makko hakkundeere ko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde sukaaɓe hirnaange, to wuro Benin (1947–1949).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2017-03-23|title=Samuel Ogbemudia (1932-2017)|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/samuel-ogbemudia-1932-2017/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-02-28|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O naati konu Nijeer e hitaande 1956, o heblo to Teshie, Ganaa e to Netheravon e Salisbury Plain to Angalteer (1957). O naati duɗal Mons Officer Cadet to Aldershot, Angalteer, e hitaande 1960, o yamiraa wonde lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo e hitaande 1961. O naati duɗal wellitaare keeriingal konu Amerik to Fort Bragg, to Karolina worgo e hitaande 1962. Ogbemudia golliima e fedde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam hisnude jam e hitaande1 1964. O toɗɗaama jannginoowo to duɗal konu leydi Najeriya, Zaria e hitaande 1964.

== Career e sahaa laamu konu ==
E lewru Yarkomaa 1966, kuudetaa liɓi laamu siwil en Nijeer. E lewru sulyee 1966, laamɗo konu Seneraal Major Jonson Aguiyi-Ironsi woppitaa laamu, waraa e ko wiyetee « kuudetaa » Niiseer e hitaande 1966 e gardagol Lietnaa-kolonel Murtala Mohammed. Gardiiɗo konu Ironsi ko Yakubu Gowon wonti hooreejo leydi ndi. Ko o Brigade Major Brigade Ist to Kaduna, Ogbemudia waɗii darnde mawnde e nder kuudetaa oo, nde tawnoo o woppii konu makko to Kaduna e dow miijo gardiiɗo artileriyee Lietnaa-Kolonel Alex Madiebo Major Ogbemudia daɗii ngam tippudi kolonel Hassan katsina e major Abba Kyari. E lewru ut ndeen hitaande o artiraa e komanndaa nokku oo, wuro Benin, o woni Master-General Quartier, komanndaa nokku 4ɓo. Ogbemudia wondude e Major Seneraal Ejoor, Guwerneer Militeer mo diiwaan Mid-west e Pius Ermobor, ofisee humpito ko kamɓe tan ngoni ofiseeji tati jogiiɗi darnde Major e dow mum, jogiiɓe darnde ardorde strateeji, ɓe ngonaa e renndooji haalooɓe ɗemngal Igbo e nder diiwaan Mid-west. Ñalnde 9 ut 1967, konu Biafran, e gardagol Victor Banjo, yani e diiwaan Mid-western e laamorgo mum, wuro Benin, tawi ko seeɗa e reentaade, ko ɗum huunde haawniinde, nde nafoore mum wallitii e feccere e nanondiral hakkunde ardiiɓe Biafra e won e ofiseeji mawɗi ummoriiɗi e 4th Area Command. Ejoor waawii dogde haa Lagos tawi Ogbemudia ina yahra e duuɓi seeɗa ina yuɓɓina dillere reentaare nde yimɓe ɓe ngonaa welɓe e njiimaandi ndii. Caggal mum o ummii o fayi to Galle Konu, Lagos, o naati e Division Infanterie ɗiɗaɓo mo Murtala Mohammed ardii ngam haɓaade Midwest. Ñalnde 20 suwee 1967, konu nguu e gardagol Ogbemudia heɓti wuro Benin e juuɗe konu Biafran.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2017-03-24|title=Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia (1932 - 2017)|url=https://m.guardian.ng/opinion/samuel-osaigbovo-ogbemudia-1932-2017/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2022-03-18|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Elections 1983|author=Mac Alabi|work=Daily Times|year=1983}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;biof&quot; /&gt;

Ogbemudia toɗɗaama gardiiɗo konu leydi Mid-West e lewru Seeɗto, hitaande 1967 caggal nde leydi ndi woppitaa e juuɗe konu Biafran seertuɗo. O toɗɗaa e Lietnaa Kolonel, Ogbemudia toɗɗaa guwerneer militeer diiwaan oo ñalnde 26 oktoobar 1967. Ko o neɗɗo populist, jiɗɗo mahngo caggal wolde, o fuɗɗii moƴƴinde golle e nder fannuuji dingiral, ƴellitaare wuro, jaŋde, yah-ngartaa jamaa, galleeji e njulaagu. O mahii estaad dingiral Ogbe, jooni o inniri ɗum ko estaad Samuel Ogbemudia, e lewru ut 1973 o yamiri suudu defte ngenndiiru to wuro Benin, mo cuuɗi tati. Eɓɓooje goɗɗe ina njeyaa heen : ndema mekaniseer Agbede, njuɓɓudi laana ndiwoowa ladde, njuɓɓudi njamndi Bendel, farmasiiji Bendel, laana ndiwoowa Bendel, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Benin e laana Bendel. E duuɓi garooji ɗii, yimɓe ƴeewtindiima guwerneer makko, ko sahaa nde ko heewi heɓaa, rewi heen ko darnde e nder njuɓɓudiiji garooji ɗii.

Terɗe guwarnama makko ina njeyaa heen: Edwin Clark, Frank Oputa-Otutu, T.E.A. Salubi, e Lawrence Leo Borha.&lt;ref&gt;concord&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;oilpv&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966–1976)|author=Max Siollun|publisher=Algora Publishing|year=2009|isbn=978-0-87586-708-3|pages=113–114, 186}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Omoigui-Gamji&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Omoigui|first1=Nowa|title=Operation Aure (3)|url=http://www.gamji.com/nowa/nowa28.htm|website=Gamji|accessdate=16 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nowa&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Omogui|first1=Nowa|title=The Midwest Invasion of 1967: Lessons for Today's Geopolitics|url=http://www.dawodu.net/midwest.htm|website=dawodu.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Friendly|first1=Alfred|title=A city shows scars of the Nigerian war.|work=The New York Times|date=26 September 1967}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E lewru sulyee 1975, nde Murtala Mohammed wonti, o woppi guwerneeruuji konu sappo e ɗiɗo gonɗi e les njiimaandi Yakubu Gowon. Retireede oo caggal ɗuum wayliima wonti ittugol golle caggal nde won e guwerneeruuji ɗii njiytaa ina mbaɗa fenaande. Ina jeyaa e ɓeen Samuel Ogbemudia, mo Murtala, e oon sahaa gardiiɗo njiimaandi Mid-west, toɗɗinoo e bannge gooto duuɓi jeetati ko adii ɗuum, mo o lomtii Kolonel George Agbazika Innih. Ogbemudia ko ñaawoore wiɗti ɗum e hitaande 1975 kono o miijii o waawaa heɓde ñaawoore laaɓtunde sabu hooreejo ñaawoore ndee ko Ogbemudia woppi ɗum e golle mum gadiiɗe ɗee. Goomu wiɗto jawdi 1975 noon, tawi ko o baawɗo alɗude ko boni. E nder republique ɗiɗaɓo, o laɓɓinaama e suudu sarɗiiji dowla Bendel ngam ñaawde laamu bonngu.

Ogbemudia wonnoo ko to Londres e sahaa kuudetaa e lewru sulyee 1975, o wallitii e moƴƴitingol galle Gowon to Londres caggal nde hooreejo leydi gonnooɗo oo yahi egginde.

== Posto golle konu ==
E nder gartugol laamu siwil seeɗa, Ogbemudia suɓaama guwerneer diiwaan Bendel e lewru Oktoobar 1983, o woni kanndidaa lannda ngenndiijo leydi Naajeeriya, o lomtii Ambrose Alli mo lannda ngootaagu leydi Naajeeriya. Kono o dañii darnde makko e lewru Duujal hitaande ndeen nde Muhammadu Buhari wonti laamɗo konu caggal kuudetaa mo fooli hooreejo leydi siwil biyeteeɗo Shehu Shagari.

Hakkunde hitaande 1987 e 1989, Ogbemudia wonnoo hooreejo Komisiyoŋ Pijirlooji leydi Najeriya, e hitaande 1989, Babangida toɗɗii mo wonde hooreejo gooto e fedde laamorgo leydi Najeriya (NRC) gonnde e hare. E nder laamu makko, golle e kaalis fedde nde ɓeydiima moƴƴude hade makko yaltude NRC e hitaande 1992.

Seneraal Sani Abacha, hooreejo leydi konu gila noowammbar 1993, haa o maayi e lewru suwee 1998, toɗɗii Ogbemudia jaagorde golle e ƴellitaare. Ogbemudia wiyi maa o maay ngam Abacha. Ogbemudia walliri kuugal ngam Abacha darna suɓol, o wi'i &quot;Lenyol ngol waɗi yahdu mawndu haa laamu Seneraal Abacha ... Ko kanko tan woni, walaa sikke, jaabawol yahdu e ɓamtaare Naajeeriya&quot;.

== Republique nayaɓere ==
Caggal nde demokaraasi arti e hitaande 1998/1999, Ogbemudia jeyaa ko e sosɓe lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP) e nder diiwaan Edo, kadi ko tergal e yiilirde lannda ka. Ogbemudia e hooreejo Anthony Anenih ɗon jogi siyaasaaku PDP nder jiha Edo nder duuɓi sappo garooji, arannde ɓe ɗonno huuwa booɗɗum ammaa ɓaawo man ɓe ngarti nder fitinaaji udditiiɗi.

E lewru Duujal hitaande 2004, Ogbemudia wi'i jaɓii Anthony Anenih suɓa cuɓol maako ngam suɓugo guwerneer lesdi Edo. O wi'i o yiɗaa haala ka diiwal senateer gooto nder jiha kan jogi jokkirgol duumingol dow darnde guwerneer. E lewru noowammbar 2007, e batu mawngu PDP to Stade Samuel Ogbemudia to Benin, Ogbemudia haali ko tiiɗi e eɓɓaande Anthony Anenih ngam waylude njuɓɓudi zoning gonndi e birooji, caggal ɗuum o yalti e batu nguu.

E lewru desaambar 2006, Ogbemudia hollitii ballal mum e ɗaɓɓaande Doktoor Mohammed Buba Marwa ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi.

Ñalnde 20 marse 2008, ñaawirdu woppii woote Oserheimen Osunbor (PDP) ngam wonde guwerneer diiwaan Edo sabu ŋakkeende woote, bayyini wonde sehil makko biyeteeɗo Adams Oshiomhole mo Kongres Action woni keɓɗo. E nder yeewtere nde o waɗdunoo e lewru Noowammbar ndeen hitaande, hono tergal mawngal e nder fedde PDP, Ogbemudia wiyi o ɓuri yiɗde ko tergal PDP heɓatnoo. Kono o jaɓi njeñtudi ñaawirdu nduu, o siftini Oshiomhole ko neɗɗo jikku tiiɗɗo. O haali ko boni e guwerneeruuji ɓennuɗi, ko wayi no mawɗo Lucky Igbinedion.

E lewru Siilo hitaande 2009, Ogbemudia wonnoo ko hooreejo fedde PDP nde ina wallitnoo Prof. Julius Ihonvbere ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi Edo e hitaande 2011. Fedde luulndiinde laamu nguu, nde Tony Anenih ardii, ɓuri yiɗde ko Senator Odion Ugbesia wonde kanndidaa. E lewru oktoobar 2009, Ogbemudia waawaano tawtoreede batu ngootaagu lannda ka to diiwaan Edo mo Anthony Anenih yuɓɓini. Lewru caggal ɗuum, Ogbemudia yetti Oshiomhole golle mum e hitaande mum adannde, ɗum addani ɗum miijaade wonde ina waawi wonde jokkondiral politik hakkunde ɓeen ɗiɗo.

== Wade ==
Ñalnde 9 marse 2017, Sam Ogbemudia (jr) hollitii maayde baaba mum e jaaynooɓe to galle maayɗo oo. O wi'i baaba maako maayi nyalnde saaliinde, haa suudu nyawndiigu keeriiɗo haa Lagos. O yahrata ko e duuɓi 84.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Databox}}Mawɗo '''James Ajibola Idowu Ige''' SAN (Yoruba: Bọ́lá Ìgè (ListenR); 13 suwee 1930 – 23 desaambar 2001), ganndiraaɗo Bola Ige, ko awokaa e dawrugol leydi Nijeer. O wonii jaagorgal leydi Naajeeriya ko feewti e ñaawooje gila lewru Yarkomaa 2000 haa o waraa e lewru Duujal 2001.[1] O meeɗiino wonde guwerneer diiwaan Oyo gila 1979 haa 1983 e sahaa laamu leydi Najeriya ɗiɗaɓuru.  ==Ɓawo== James Ajibola Idowu Adegoke Ige jibinaa ko to Esa Oke, to dii...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3382" sha1="6a5ymef97f859st17z1l6g9pl5h74t7" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Mawɗo '''James Ajibola Idowu Ige''' SAN (Yoruba: Bọ́lá Ìgè (ListenR); 13 suwee 1930 – 23 desaambar 2001), ganndiraaɗo Bola Ige, ko awokaa e dawrugol leydi Nijeer. O wonii jaagorgal leydi Naajeeriya ko feewti e ñaawooje gila lewru Yarkomaa 2000 haa o waraa e lewru Duujal 2001.[1] O meeɗiino wonde guwerneer diiwaan Oyo gila 1979 haa 1983 e sahaa laamu leydi Najeriya ɗiɗaɓuru.

==Ɓawo==
James Ajibola Idowu Adegoke Ige jibinaa ko to Esa Oke, to diiwaan Osun to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya ñalnde 13 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1930.[2] Jibnaaɓe makko ko Yoruba en jeyaaɓe e wuro Esa-Oke, e nder diiwaan Oyo ɓooyɗo (jooni ko e diiwaan Osun).Ige ummii Kaduna, fayi fuɗnaange diiwaan Hirnaange nde o yahrata e duuɓi 14. O janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan (1943–48), caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan. Gila ɗoon, o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde London, o heɓi dipoloma makko e hitaande 1959. O noddiraa e bar to Inner Temple London e hitaande 1961.[3]

Ige sosi Bola Ige &amp; Co nder hitaande 1961, ɓaawo man o laati ardiiɗo awokaa lesdi Naajeeriya.[4]

O anndaa e nder leydi ndii sabu makko waawde haalde, kam e golle makko e nder hakkeeji siwil e demokaraasi. Goongɗinal Ige ko diine kerecee en.[5][6] Ko heewi, Ige ina haalda e ɗemɗe tati mawɗe Naajeeriya ɗee fof, Yoruba, Igbo e Hausa no feewi.[7] O winndi defte keewɗe, kadi deftere binndanɗe e teddungal ko fayti e makko yalti ko juuti caggal maayde makko.

==Fuɗɗoode golle politik==
E nder laamu gadano (1963–66), nde o yahrata e duuɓi 31 o woni ko e hakkunde kiris fedde gollorde, nde mawɗo Obafemi Awolowo fooli cukko makko, mawɗo Samuel Ladoke Akintola.[8] O wonti luutndiiɗo Olusola Olaosebikan ngam lomtaade Obafemi Awolowo.[9] Ige wonnoo ko Komiseer ndema e nder diiwaan hirnaange leydi Nijeer, mo jooni alaa ɗo haaɗi (1967–70) e les laamu konu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon. E hitaande 1967, o wonti sehil Olusegun Obasanjo, gardinooɗo brigade konu to Ibadan.[8]

E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1970, e nder yonta gadano laamu konu, o waɗti waɗde heen sahaaji makko ngam haɓaade njiyaagu e nder fedde Eklesiyaaji Adunaare.[3]

Hakkunde ragare kitaale 1970 o naati nder lannda Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN), lomto fedde Action Group.[3] Nde Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo fuɗɗii laamu ɗiɗaɓuru, o suɓaama guwerneer diiwaan Oyo tuggi lewru Oktoobar 1979 haa lewru Oktoobar 1983.[4] Adebisi Akande, caggal mum wonti guwerneer diiwaan Osun caggal nde o seerti e diiwaan Oyo, ko cukko guwerneer makko e nder ooɗoo sahaa.[10] E wooteeji 1983, nde o fooli ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi UPN, o fooli ɗum ko Doktoor Victor Omololu Olunloyo. Ige luulndiima woote ɗee e ñaawirde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Kono Olunloyo dañii jooɗorde ndee lebbi tati caggal ɗuum, sabu kuudetaa mo Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari e Tunde Idiagbon mbaɗi.[7]
Ige nanngaa ko caggal kuudetaa, tuumaama ina alɗina hoore mum e kaalis lannda. O woppitaa ko e hitaande 1985, caggal kuudetaa garoowo, e juuɗe Ibraahiima Babangida, o arti e golle makko sariya e binndol. E hitaande 1990, o yaltini deftere wiyeteende Yimɓe, Siyaas E Siyaas Najeriya: 1940–1979, deftere nde o fuɗɗii nde o woni e kasoo. O jeyaa ko e sosɓe fedde tiiɗnde Yoruba en, wiyeteende Afenifere. Hay so tawii o ñiŋii laamu konu Seneraal Sani Abacha, Ige reentinii caɗeele politik e oon sahaa.[3]</text>
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      <text bytes="4923" sha1="ghy4it4e9m1zu6n0n97ie0mza9tgsrm" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Mawɗo '''James Ajibola Idowu Ige''' SAN (Yoruba: Bọ́lá Ìgè (ListenR); 13 suwee 1930 – 23 desaambar 2001), ganndiraaɗo Bola Ige, ko awokaa e dawrugol leydi Nijeer. O wonii jaagorgal leydi Naajeeriya ko feewti e ñaawooje gila lewru Yarkomaa 2000 haa o waraa e lewru Duujal 2001.[1] O meeɗiino wonde guwerneer diiwaan Oyo gila 1979 haa 1983 e sahaa laamu leydi Najeriya ɗiɗaɓuru.

==Ɓawo==
James Ajibola Idowu Adegoke Ige jibinaa ko to Esa Oke, to diiwaan Osun to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange leydi Najeriya ñalnde 13 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1930.[2] Jibnaaɓe makko ko Yoruba en jeyaaɓe e wuro Esa-Oke, e nder diiwaan Oyo ɓooyɗo (jooni ko e diiwaan Osun).Ige ummii Kaduna, fayi fuɗnaange diiwaan Hirnaange nde o yahrata e duuɓi 14. O janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan (1943–48), caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ibadan. Gila ɗoon, o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde London, o heɓi dipoloma makko e hitaande 1959. O noddiraa e bar to Inner Temple London e hitaande 1961.[3]

Ige sosi Bola Ige &amp; Co nder hitaande 1961, ɓaawo man o laati ardiiɗo awokaa lesdi Naajeeriya.[4]

O anndaa e nder leydi ndii sabu makko waawde haalde, kam e golle makko e nder hakkeeji siwil e demokaraasi. Goongɗinal Ige ko diine kerecee en.[5][6] Ko heewi, Ige ina haalda e ɗemɗe tati mawɗe Naajeeriya ɗee fof, Yoruba, Igbo e Hausa no feewi.[7] O winndi defte keewɗe, kadi deftere binndanɗe e teddungal ko fayti e makko yalti ko juuti caggal maayde makko.

==Fuɗɗoode golle politik==
E nder laamu gadano (1963–66), nde o yahrata e duuɓi 31 o woni ko e hakkunde kiris fedde gollorde, nde mawɗo Obafemi Awolowo fooli cukko makko, mawɗo Samuel Ladoke Akintola.[8] O wonti luutndiiɗo Olusola Olaosebikan ngam lomtaade Obafemi Awolowo.[9] Ige wonnoo ko Komiseer ndema e nder diiwaan hirnaange leydi Nijeer, mo jooni alaa ɗo haaɗi (1967–70) e les laamu konu Seneraal Yakubu Gowon. E hitaande 1967, o wonti sehil Olusegun Obasanjo, gardinooɗo brigade konu to Ibadan.[8]

E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1970, e nder yonta gadano laamu konu, o waɗti waɗde heen sahaaji makko ngam haɓaade njiyaagu e nder fedde Eklesiyaaji Adunaare.[3]

Hakkunde ragare kitaale 1970 o naati nder lannda Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN), lomto fedde Action Group.[3] Nde Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo fuɗɗii laamu ɗiɗaɓuru, o suɓaama guwerneer diiwaan Oyo tuggi lewru Oktoobar 1979 haa lewru Oktoobar 1983.[4] Adebisi Akande, caggal mum wonti guwerneer diiwaan Osun caggal nde o seerti e diiwaan Oyo, ko cukko guwerneer makko e nder ooɗoo sahaa.[10] E wooteeji 1983, nde o fooli ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi UPN, o fooli ɗum ko Doktoor Victor Omololu Olunloyo. Ige luulndiima woote ɗee e ñaawirde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Kono Olunloyo dañii jooɗorde ndee lebbi tati caggal ɗuum, sabu kuudetaa mo Seneraal Muhammadu Buhari e Tunde Idiagbon mbaɗi.[7]
Ige nanngaa ko caggal kuudetaa, tuumaama ina alɗina hoore mum e kaalis lannda. O woppitaa ko e hitaande 1985, caggal kuudetaa garoowo, e juuɗe Ibraahiima Babangida, o arti e golle makko sariya e binndol. E hitaande 1990, o yaltini deftere wiyeteende Yimɓe, Siyaas E Siyaas Najeriya: 1940–1979, deftere nde o fuɗɗii nde o woni e kasoo. O jeyaa ko e sosɓe fedde tiiɗnde Yoruba en, wiyeteende Afenifere. Hay so tawii o ñiŋii laamu konu Seneraal Sani Abacha, Ige reentinii caɗeele politik e oon sahaa.[3]

== Wade ==
Ñalnde 23 desaambar 2001, Ige waraa e galle mum to wuro Ibadan to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange. O wonnoo ko e luural e nder lannda makko to diiwaan Osun. Yontere yawtunde nde, luural juutngal hakkunde guwerneer diiwaan Osun, Bisi Akande e cukko mum, Iyiola Omisore, ina wayi no waɗii maayde depitee diiwaan Osun, Odunayo Olagbaju.[1] Laamu hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Olusegun Obasanjo neldi sooje'en haa fombina-fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya ngam haɗugo ɓilla lesdi Naajeeriya.[15] Hay so tawii yimɓe heewɓe nanngaama, ñaawaama ngam tawtoreede warngo ngoo, ina heen Iyiola Omisore, kamɓe fof ɓe njaɓaama.[16] Haa lewru noowammbar 2010 warɓe ɓee tawaaka.[17] O wirnaa ko e wuro makko to Esa-Oke, to diiwaan Osun.[18] E nder konngol makko e nder wirwirnde makko, o wiyi omo sikki wonde Naajeeriya ina foti wuurde kono o sikkaani so ina foti maayde.[19]

== Defte ==
Golden Quotes: cuɓagol ciimtol ngol ɓurmi yiɗde. Ibadan : Dokke poos; Oxford : Koolol defte Afrik [caakoowo], c2000. x, ko 163 hello; 19 cm. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-129-496-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Jaaynde nanngaaɗo Ibadan : NPS jaŋde, 1992. 262 h. ; 23 cm. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2556-45-9&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Yimɓe, siyaasaaku e siyaasa’en lesdi Naajeeriya: 1940-1979. Defte jaŋde Heinemann. 1994. 978-129-496-5.

Doosɗe e caɗeele leydi Najeriya Lagos: Duɗal janngirɗe sariyaaji leydi Najeriya, 1995. 36 pp.; 21 cm. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2353-43-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Suka Kaduna. NPS Jaŋde. 1991. 978-2556-35-1.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol warngooji ɗi njuumtaani (2000–hannde)

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <comment>Add link and references</comment>
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      <text bytes="9304" sha1="qhqgc5edri9r7vext80329y2y1ddgqk" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Mawɗo '''James Ajibola Idowu Ige''' SAN (Yoruba: Bọ́lá Ìgè (ListenR); 13 suwee 1930 – 23 desaambar 2001), ganndiraaɗo '''Bola Ige''', ko awokaa e dawrugol leydi Nijeer. O wonii jaagorgal leydi [[Naajeeriya]] ko feewti e ñaawooje gila [[lewru]] Yarkomaa 2000 haa o waraa e [[lewru]] Duujal 2001.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1726878.stm|publisher=BBC News|date=24 December 2001|title=Troops deployed in Nigeria|access-date=7 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; O meeɗiino wonde guwerneer [[diiwaan Oyo]] gila 1979 haa 1983 e sahaa laamu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] ɗiɗaɓuru.

==Ɓawo==
James Ajibola Idowu Adegoke Ige jibinaa ko to Esa Oke, to [[Diiwal Osun|diiwaan Osun]] to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] ñalnde 13 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1930.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Homepage|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=8 March 2022|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jibnaaɓe makko ko [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] en jeyaaɓe e wuro Esa-Oke, e nder [[diiwaan Oyo]] ɓooyɗo (jooni ko e diiwaan Osun).Ige ummii Kaduna, fayi fuɗnaange diiwaan Hirnaange nde o yahrata e duuɓi 14. O janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Ibadan]] (1943–48), caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Ibadan]]. Gila ɗoon, o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[London]], o heɓi dipoloma makko e hitaande 1959. O noddiraa e bar to Inner Temple [[London]] e hitaande 1961.&lt;ref name=&quot;obit&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/jan/01/guardianobituaries|title=Bola Ige – Dedicated lawyer building bridges in Nigerian politics|last=Whiteman|first=Kaye|date=1 January 2002|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=8 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ige sosi Bola Ige &amp; Co nder hitaande 1961, ɓaawo man o laati ardiiɗo awokaa lesdi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;lawfirm&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bolaigeandco.com/profile.htm|title=About the Law Firm|publisher=Bola Ige &amp; Co|access-date=7 November 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091210180855/http://www.bolaigeandco.com/profile.htm|archive-date=10 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O anndaa e nder leydi ndii sabu makko waawde haalde, kam e golle makko e nder hakkeeji siwil e demokaraasi. Goongɗinal Ige ko diine kerecee en.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fTMRAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Bola+Ige+Christian|page=62|title=Christians: secularism, yes and no Volume 5 of Studies in Christian-Muslim relations, Jan Harm Boer|author=Jan Harm Boer|magazine=Essence|year=2006|isbn=9781553069614}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aaYuAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Bola+Ige+Christian|title=The essential Ige: tribute to Uncle Bola at 70|author1=Bola Ige|author2=Akinyemi Onigbinde|publisher=Frontline Books|year=2000|isbn=9789783537613}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko heewi, Ige ina haalda e ɗemɗe tati mawɗe [[Naajeeriya]] ɗee fof, [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]], [[Igbo]] e [[Hausa language|Hausa]] no feewi.&lt;ref name=&quot;olunloyo&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2009/oct/23/national-23-10-2009-001.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|title=Olunloyo on 1983 Oyo guber|author=FEMI ADEOTI|date=23 October 2009|access-date=7 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128054320/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2009/oct/23/national-23-10-2009-001.html|archive-date=28 November 2009|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; O winndi defte keewɗe, kadi deftere binndanɗe e teddungal ko fayti e makko yalti ko juuti caggal maayde makko.

==Fuɗɗoode golle politik==
E nder laamu gadano (1963–66), nde o yahrata e duuɓi 31 o woni ko e hakkunde kiris fedde gollorde, nde mawɗo [[Obafemi Awolowo]] fooli cukko makko, mawɗo [[Samuel Ládòkè Akíntọ́lá|Samuel Ladoke Akintola]].&lt;ref name=&quot;oln2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/PEOPLE/ad.asp?blurb=52|title=Bola Ige|work=OnlineNigeria|access-date=8 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; O wonti luutndiiɗo Olusola Olaosebikan ngam lomtaade [[Obafemi Awolowo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thenewsng.com/interview/my-rivalry-with-bola-ige/2009/07|title=My Rivalry With Bola Ige|date=27 July 2009|author=Alhaji Lateef Jakande|work=The News|access-date=7 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ige wonnoo ko Komiseer ndema e nder diiwaan hirnaange leydi Nijeer, mo jooni alaa ɗo haaɗi (1967–70) e les laamu konu Seneraal [[Yakubu Gowon]]. E hitaande 1967, o wonti sehil [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], gardinooɗo brigade konu to [[Ibadan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;oln22&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/PEOPLE/ad.asp?blurb=52|title=Bola Ige|work=OnlineNigeria|access-date=8 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1970, e nder yonta gadano laamu konu, o waɗti waɗde heen sahaaji makko ngam haɓaade njiyaagu e nder fedde Eklesiyaaji Adunaare.&lt;ref name=&quot;obit2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/jan/01/guardianobituaries|title=Bola Ige – Dedicated lawyer building bridges in Nigerian politics|last=Whiteman|first=Kaye|date=1 January 2002|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=8 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakkunde ragare kitaale 1970 o naati nder lannda ''Unity Party of Nigeria'' (UPN), lomto fedde ''Action Group''.&lt;ref name=&quot;obit3&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/jan/01/guardianobituaries|title=Bola Ige – Dedicated lawyer building bridges in Nigerian politics|last=Whiteman|first=Kaye|date=1 January 2002|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=8 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nde Seneraal [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] fuɗɗii laamu ɗiɗaɓuru, o suɓaama guwerneer [[diiwaan Oyo]] tuggi [[lewru]] Oktoobar 1979 haa [[lewru]] Oktoobar 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;lawfirm2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bolaigeandco.com/profile.htm|title=About the Law Firm|publisher=Bola Ige &amp; Co|access-date=7 November 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091210180855/http://www.bolaigeandco.com/profile.htm|archive-date=10 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;Adebisi Akande, caggal mum wonti guwerneer [[Diiwal Osun|diiwaan Osun]] caggal nde o seerti e [[diiwaan Oyo]], ko cukko guwerneer makko e nder ooɗoo sahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/25/world/emergency-declared-in-nigeria-after-killing-of-justice-minister.html|title=Emergency Declared in Nigeria After Killing of Justice Minister|newspaper=The New York Times|date=25 December 2001|access-date=6 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wooteeji 1983, nde o fooli ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi UPN, o fooli ɗum ko Doktoor [[Victor Omololu Olunloyo]]. Ige luulndiima woote ɗee e ñaawirde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Kono Olunloyo dañii jooɗorde ndee lebbi tati caggal ɗuum, sabu kuudetaa mo Seneraal [[Muhammadu Buhari]] e [[Tunde Idiagbon]] mbaɗi.&lt;ref name=&quot;olunloyo2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2009/oct/23/national-23-10-2009-001.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|title=Olunloyo on 1983 Oyo guber|author=FEMI ADEOTI|date=23 October 2009|access-date=7 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128054320/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2009/oct/23/national-23-10-2009-001.html|archive-date=28 November 2009|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ige nanngaa ko caggal kuudetaa, tuumaama ina alɗina hoore mum e kaalis lannda. O woppitaa ko e hitaande 1985, caggal kuudetaa garoowo, e juuɗe Ibraahiima Babangida, o arti e golle makko sariya e binndol. E hitaande 1990, o yaltini deftere wiyeteende Yimɓe, Siyaas E Siyaas Najeriya: 1940–1979, deftere nde o fuɗɗii nde o woni e kasoo. O jeyaa ko e sosɓe fedde tiiɗnde Yoruba en, wiyeteende Afenifere. Hay so tawii o ñiŋii laamu konu Seneraal Sani Abacha, Ige reentinii caɗeele politik e oon sahaa.[3]

== Wade ==
Ñalnde 23 desaambar 2001, Ige waraa e galle mum to wuro Ibadan to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange. O wonnoo ko e luural e nder lannda makko to diiwaan Osun. Yontere yawtunde nde, luural juutngal hakkunde guwerneer diiwaan Osun, Bisi Akande e cukko mum, Iyiola Omisore, ina wayi no waɗii maayde depitee diiwaan Osun, Odunayo Olagbaju.[1] Laamu hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Olusegun Obasanjo neldi sooje'en haa fombina-fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya ngam haɗugo ɓilla lesdi Naajeeriya.[15] Hay so tawii yimɓe heewɓe nanngaama, ñaawaama ngam tawtoreede warngo ngoo, ina heen Iyiola Omisore, kamɓe fof ɓe njaɓaama.[16] Haa lewru noowammbar 2010 warɓe ɓee tawaaka.[17] O wirnaa ko e wuro makko to Esa-Oke, to diiwaan Osun.[18] E nder konngol makko e nder wirwirnde makko, o wiyi omo sikki wonde Naajeeriya ina foti wuurde kono o sikkaani so ina foti maayde.[19]

== Defte ==
Golden Quotes: cuɓagol ciimtol ngol ɓurmi yiɗde. Ibadan : Dokke poos; Oxford : Koolol defte Afrik [caakoowo], c2000. x, ko 163 hello; 19 cm. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-129-496-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Jaaynde nanngaaɗo Ibadan : NPS jaŋde, 1992. 262 h. ; 23 cm. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2556-45-9&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Yimɓe, siyaasaaku e siyaasa’en lesdi Naajeeriya: 1940-1979. Defte jaŋde Heinemann. 1994. 978-129-496-5.

Doosɗe e caɗeele leydi Najeriya Lagos: Duɗal janngirɗe sariyaaji leydi Najeriya, 1995. 36 pp.; 21 cm. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2353-43-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Suka Kaduna. NPS Jaŋde. 1991. 978-2556-35-1.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol warngooji ɗi njuumtaani (2000–hannde)

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <id>174736</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-19T20:32:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MOIBARDE</username>
        <id>10068</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add link and references</comment>
      <origin>174736</origin>
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      <text bytes="12047" sha1="qe28p95mqc7tay421ucimgzzg0pm2we" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Mawɗo '''James Ajibola Idowu Ige''' SAN (Yoruba: Bọ́lá Ìgè (ListenR); 13 suwee 1930 – 23 desaambar 2001), ganndiraaɗo '''Bola Ige''', ko awokaa e dawrugol leydi Nijeer. O wonii jaagorgal leydi [[Naajeeriya]] ko feewti e ñaawooje gila [[lewru]] Yarkomaa 2000 haa o waraa e [[lewru]] Duujal 2001.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1726878.stm|publisher=BBC News|date=24 December 2001|title=Troops deployed in Nigeria|access-date=7 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; O meeɗiino wonde guwerneer [[diiwaan Oyo]] gila 1979 haa 1983 e sahaa laamu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] ɗiɗaɓuru.

==Ɓawo==
James Ajibola Idowu Adegoke Ige jibinaa ko to Esa Oke, to [[Diiwal Osun|diiwaan Osun]] to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] ñalnde 13 lewru Seeɗto hitaande 1930.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Homepage|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=8 March 2022|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jibnaaɓe makko ko [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] en jeyaaɓe e wuro Esa-Oke, e nder [[diiwaan Oyo]] ɓooyɗo (jooni ko e diiwaan Osun).Ige ummii Kaduna, fayi fuɗnaange diiwaan Hirnaange nde o yahrata e duuɓi 14. O janngi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Ibadan]] (1943–48), caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Ibadan]]. Gila ɗoon, o yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[London]], o heɓi dipoloma makko e hitaande 1959. O noddiraa e bar to Inner Temple [[London]] e hitaande 1961.&lt;ref name=&quot;obit&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/jan/01/guardianobituaries|title=Bola Ige – Dedicated lawyer building bridges in Nigerian politics|last=Whiteman|first=Kaye|date=1 January 2002|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=8 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ige sosi Bola Ige &amp; Co nder hitaande 1961, ɓaawo man o laati ardiiɗo awokaa lesdi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;lawfirm&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bolaigeandco.com/profile.htm|title=About the Law Firm|publisher=Bola Ige &amp; Co|access-date=7 November 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091210180855/http://www.bolaigeandco.com/profile.htm|archive-date=10 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O anndaa e nder leydi ndii sabu makko waawde haalde, kam e golle makko e nder hakkeeji siwil e demokaraasi. Goongɗinal Ige ko diine kerecee en.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fTMRAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Bola+Ige+Christian|page=62|title=Christians: secularism, yes and no Volume 5 of Studies in Christian-Muslim relations, Jan Harm Boer|author=Jan Harm Boer|magazine=Essence|year=2006|isbn=9781553069614}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aaYuAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Bola+Ige+Christian|title=The essential Ige: tribute to Uncle Bola at 70|author1=Bola Ige|author2=Akinyemi Onigbinde|publisher=Frontline Books|year=2000|isbn=9789783537613}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko heewi, Ige ina haalda e ɗemɗe tati mawɗe [[Naajeeriya]] ɗee fof, [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]], [[Igbo]] e [[Hausa language|Hausa]] no feewi.&lt;ref name=&quot;olunloyo&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2009/oct/23/national-23-10-2009-001.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|title=Olunloyo on 1983 Oyo guber|author=FEMI ADEOTI|date=23 October 2009|access-date=7 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128054320/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2009/oct/23/national-23-10-2009-001.html|archive-date=28 November 2009|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; O winndi defte keewɗe, kadi deftere binndanɗe e teddungal ko fayti e makko yalti ko juuti caggal maayde makko.

==Fuɗɗoode golle politik==
E nder laamu gadano (1963–66), nde o yahrata e duuɓi 31 o woni ko e hakkunde kiris fedde gollorde, nde mawɗo [[Obafemi Awolowo]] fooli cukko makko, mawɗo [[Samuel Ládòkè Akíntọ́lá|Samuel Ladoke Akintola]].&lt;ref name=&quot;oln2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/PEOPLE/ad.asp?blurb=52|title=Bola Ige|work=OnlineNigeria|access-date=8 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; O wonti luutndiiɗo Olusola Olaosebikan ngam lomtaade [[Obafemi Awolowo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thenewsng.com/interview/my-rivalry-with-bola-ige/2009/07|title=My Rivalry With Bola Ige|date=27 July 2009|author=Alhaji Lateef Jakande|work=The News|access-date=7 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ige wonnoo ko Komiseer ndema e nder diiwaan hirnaange leydi Nijeer, mo jooni alaa ɗo haaɗi (1967–70) e les laamu konu Seneraal [[Yakubu Gowon]]. E hitaande 1967, o wonti sehil [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], gardinooɗo brigade konu to [[Ibadan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;oln22&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.onlinenigeria.com/PEOPLE/ad.asp?blurb=52|title=Bola Ige|work=OnlineNigeria|access-date=8 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1970, e nder yonta gadano laamu konu, o waɗti waɗde heen sahaaji makko ngam haɓaade njiyaagu e nder fedde Eklesiyaaji Adunaare.&lt;ref name=&quot;obit2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/jan/01/guardianobituaries|title=Bola Ige – Dedicated lawyer building bridges in Nigerian politics|last=Whiteman|first=Kaye|date=1 January 2002|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=8 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakkunde ragare kitaale 1970 o naati nder lannda ''Unity Party of Nigeria'' (UPN), lomto fedde ''Action Group''.&lt;ref name=&quot;obit3&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/jan/01/guardianobituaries|title=Bola Ige – Dedicated lawyer building bridges in Nigerian politics|last=Whiteman|first=Kaye|date=1 January 2002|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=8 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nde Seneraal [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] fuɗɗii laamu ɗiɗaɓuru, o suɓaama guwerneer [[diiwaan Oyo]] tuggi [[lewru]] Oktoobar 1979 haa [[lewru]] Oktoobar 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;lawfirm2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bolaigeandco.com/profile.htm|title=About the Law Firm|publisher=Bola Ige &amp; Co|access-date=7 November 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091210180855/http://www.bolaigeandco.com/profile.htm|archive-date=10 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;Adebisi Akande, caggal mum wonti guwerneer [[Diiwal Osun|diiwaan Osun]] caggal nde o seerti e [[diiwaan Oyo]], ko cukko guwerneer makko e nder ooɗoo sahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/25/world/emergency-declared-in-nigeria-after-killing-of-justice-minister.html|title=Emergency Declared in Nigeria After Killing of Justice Minister|newspaper=The New York Times|date=25 December 2001|access-date=6 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wooteeji 1983, nde o fooli ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi UPN, o fooli ɗum ko Doktoor [[Victor Omololu Olunloyo]]. Ige luulndiima woote ɗee e ñaawirde, tawi o dañaani heen nafoore. Kono Olunloyo dañii jooɗorde ndee lebbi tati caggal ɗuum, sabu kuudetaa mo Seneraal [[Muhammadu Buhari]] e [[Tunde Idiagbon]] mbaɗi.&lt;ref name=&quot;olunloyo2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2009/oct/23/national-23-10-2009-001.html|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|title=Olunloyo on 1983 Oyo guber|author=FEMI ADEOTI|date=23 October 2009|access-date=7 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128054320/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2009/oct/23/national-23-10-2009-001.html|archive-date=28 November 2009|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ige nanngaa ko caggal kuudetaa, tuumaama ina alɗina hoore mum e kaalis lannda. O woppitaa ko e hitaande 1985, caggal kuudetaa garoowo, e juuɗe [[Ibraahiima Babangida]], o arti e golle makko sariya e binndol. E hitaande 1990, o yaltini deftere wiyeteende Yimɓe, Siyaas E Siyaas [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]: 1940–1979, deftere nde o fuɗɗii nde o woni e kasoo. O jeyaa ko e sosɓe fedde tiiɗnde [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] en, wiyeteende Afenifere. Hay so tawii o ñiŋii laamu konu Seneraal [[Sani Abacha]], Ige reentinii caɗeele politik e oon sahaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;obit4&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/jan/01/guardianobituaries|title=Bola Ige – Dedicated lawyer building bridges in Nigerian politics|last=Whiteman|first=Kaye|date=1 January 2002|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=8 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wade ==
Ñalnde 23 desaambar 2001, Ige waraa e galle mum to wuro [[Ibadan]] to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange. O wonnoo ko e luural e nder lannda makko to [[Diiwal Osun|diiwaan Osun]]. Yontere yawtunde nde, luural juutngal hakkunde guwerneer [[Diiwal Osun|diiwaan Osun]], Bisi Akande e cukko mum, Iyiola Omisore, ina wayi no waɗii maayde depitee [[Diiwal Osun|diiwaan Osun]], Odunayo Olagbaju.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/columnists/onabule/today-05-june-2009.htm|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Any favour for Sanusi as Gov of Central Bank?|author=Duro Onabule|date=5 June 2009|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|access-date=7 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827113239/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/columnists/onabule/today-05-june-2009.htm|archive-date=27 August 2009|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;''' Laamu hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] neldi sooje'en haa fombina-fuunaange lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] ngam haɗugo ɓilla lesdi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.npf-usa.org/content/Conference/2008/Power%20Sector%20Reform%20in%20Nigeria.pdf|title=Power Sector Reform in Nigeria: Plans, Progress and Challenges|author=Jim I Akhere|publisher=Nigeria Peoples Forum – USA|access-date=7 November 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227074600/http://www.npf-usa.org/content/Conference/2008/Power%20Sector%20Reform%20in%20Nigeria.pdf|archive-date=27 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hay so tawii yimɓe heewɓe nanngaama, ñaawaama ngam tawtoreede warngo ngoo, ina heen Iyiola Omisore, kamɓe fof ɓe njaɓaama.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc2&quot;&gt;{{cite web
 |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1726878.stm|publisher=BBC News|date=24 December 2001|title=Troops deployed in Nigeria|access-date=7 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haa lewru noowammbar 2010 warɓe ɓee tawaaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;lawfirm3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bolaigeandco.com/profile.htm|title=About the Law Firm|access-date=7 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091210180855/http://www.bolaigeandco.com/profile.htm|archive-date=10 December 2009|url-status=dead|publisher=Bola Ige &amp; Co}}&lt;/ref&gt; O wirnaa ko e wuro makko to Esa-Oke, to [[Diiwal Osun|diiwaan Osun]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UN/UNPAN001591.pdf|title=GOVERNMENT TO REALIGN FEDERATION LAWS|publisher=United Nations Public Administration Network|date=14 September 2001|access-date=7 November 2009|archive-date=27 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227035007/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UN/UNPAN001591.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nder konngol makko e nder wirwirnde makko, o wiyi omo sikki wonde [[Naajeeriya]] ina foti wuurde kono o sikkaani so ina foti maayde.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.peacewomen.org/news/Nigeria/newsarchive01/poised.html|title=FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, SOKOTO FIGHT OVER WOMAN'S DEATH SENTENCE|author=Yakubu Musa, Kano And Isah Ibrahim Maru|date=18 November 2001|work=This Day|access-date=7 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317162943/http://www.peacewomen.org/news/Nigeria/newsarchive01/poised.html|archive-date=17 March 2008|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Defte ==
Golden Quotes: cuɓagol ciimtol ngol ɓurmi yiɗde. [[Ibadan]] : Dokke poos; Oxford : Koolol defte [[Afrik]] [caakoowo], c2000. x, ko 163 hello; 19 cm. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-129-496-5&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Jaaynde nanngaaɗo [[Ibadan]] : NPS jaŋde, 1992. 262 h. ; 23 cm. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2556-45-9&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Yimɓe, siyaasaaku e siyaasa’en lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]: 1940-1979. Defte jaŋde Heinemann. 1994. 978-129-496-5.

Doosɗe e caɗeele leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] [[Lagos]]: Duɗal janngirɗe sariyaaji leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], 1995. 36 pp.; 21 cm. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2353-43-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Suka Kaduna. NPS Jaŋde. 1991. 978-2556-35-1.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol warngooji ɗi njuumtaani (2000–hannde)

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <comment>#1Lib1Ref</comment>
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      <text bytes="3966" sha1="bcyc2waacs5m2rvx5wandd12wmdehcl" xml:space="preserve">Garba NadamaListenR (11 noowammbar 1938 – 4 mee 2020) ko politikaajo Naajeeriya mo wonnoo guwerneer siwil ɗiɗaɓo e nder diiwaan Sokoto, Naajeeriya, e nder leydi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓiri, o joginoo laamu gila lewru Yarkomaa 1982 haa lewru Noowammbar 1983. O lomtii Shehu a aksidaa e hitaande 1983.

Nguurndam
Dr Garba Na-Dama (Magajin Garin Gusau) jibinaa ko ñalnde 11 noowammbar 1938 to Gusau, diiwaan Zamfara, leydi Najeriya. Gaa gaa jaŋde lislaam aadaaji, o heɓi jaŋde makko adannde to duɗal leslesal Gusau e duɗal hakkundeewal Sokoto e hitaande 1949 e hitaande 1953. Tuggi 1956 haa 1960, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Bauchi e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Katsina ɗo o heɓi seedanteeje makko jannginooɓe tolno III e tolno II.

Nde o timmini seedantaagal makko ngenndiwal jaŋde (N.C.E) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Zaria e hitaande 1966, Na-Dama e hitaande 1969 yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, Zaria ɗo o heɓi dipolom makko B.A e daartol e hitaande 1972. O arti caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde makko PhD ma. e nder Daartol ngol o timmini e hitaande 1977. Tesis makko tiitoonde ‘Ummagol e Ɓooygol Dowla Hawsa: Daartol Renndo e Politik Zamfara’ ko golle gadane baawɗe wonde e daartol Zamfara ko adii koloñaal.

E nder golle makko juutɗe, Na-Dama golliima e golle keewɗe e nder fannuuji jaŋde e politik. Tuggude e hitaande 1957 fayde e hitaande 1961 o jannginii e Duɗal Ward Magajin Gari e Duɗal leslesal mawngal, Farfaru, Sokoto. Hakkunde 1963 e 1979, o golliima e golle keewɗe : hooreejo duɗal leslesal ñalnde kala Samaru, Gusau, o wonii balloowo ƴeewndo jaŋde, diiwaan worgo, Kaduna, e o wonii hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sultan Abubakar, Sokoto gila 1969 haa hitaande 1967 haa 1969. Sokoto diga 1977 haa 1979, cukko guwerneer diga 1979 haa 1981, e guwerneer lesdi Sokoto diga 1981 haa 1983.

Na-Dama wonnoo ko tergal yiilirde yiilirde bursiiji Fuɗnaange-rewo (1973–1976), Biro Taariindi Dowla Sokoto (1976–1977), Koldaa Dowla Sokoto ngam Naalankaagal e Ganndal (1977–1979), Batu Doosgal (1994–1995), Goomu Naatgol Ngenndiwal Bo99–1995 PDP, Batu peewnugol politik (2005), Goomu ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer (2000–2007) e Goomu ƴeewndo njulaagu e karallaagal ngenndiwal (2013–2015).Garba Nadama heɓi doktoraa mum. e daartol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello e hitaande 1977.

Nadama wonnoo ko ƴaañoowo Alhaji Ibrahim Gusau no feewi ngam suɓaade lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer (NPN) ngam suɓaade cukko guwerneer Sokoto e hitaande 1979. O siforaama no neɗɗo deeƴɗo, jom wuro, jom doosɗe. E lewru Siilo hitaande 1982, Dowla Sokoto heɓi ñamaande N96 miliyoŋ ummoraade e Banki Adunaaru. E lewru Duujal 1982, laamu lesdi hokki lesdi Sokoto N400,000 ngam huuwugo bee ustugo ɓuutugo gulli. Nadama siftinii limngal ngal ko seeɗa, tee ina famɗi no feewi ngam haɓaade caɗeele ɗee. Ñalnde 8 marse 1993, o yamiri jolngo keso wonande njuɓɓudi teleeji leydi Nijeer to Gusau. Politeknik Fedde nde, Kaura-Namoda (jooni ko e dowla Zamfara) sosaa ko e laamu makko.

Nadama acci laamu ɓaawo kuudetaaji konu 1983 ɗi Seneraal Major Muhammadu Buhari heɓi laamu.

Nadama wonti tergal e Diiso ngenndiijo ngam ƴellitde politik, caggal ɗuum wonti tergal mawngal e nder lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP). Nadama laati hooreejo banki lesdi Naajeeriya (SGBN). E lewru abriil 2008, o woniino cukko hooreejo leydi ndii e goomu ƴeewndo wasiyaaji ngam safrude luural nder PDP. O rokkaama tiitoonde aadaaji teddunde, hono Magajin Garin Gusau, ko laamɗo Gusau e oon sahaa, hono Alhaji Kabir Danbaba.

Nadama sankii ñalnde 4 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2020 caggal rafi seeɗa, o woppi rewɓe nayo e sukaaɓe sappo e njeetato e nder heen ko porfeseer Ahmed Rufai Nadama, Major Seneraal Kabiru Garba Nadama, Alhaji Mukhtar Nadama, Dr Mustapha Nadama, Hajiya A Maryam Nadama, Hajiya Nasalama Nadama Nadama e Hajiya Nasalama Nadama Nadama Garba Nadaama.

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Garba NadamaListenR (11 noowammbar 1938 – 4 mee 2020) ko politikaajo Naajeeriya mo wonnoo guwerneer siwil ɗiɗaɓo e nder diiwaan Sokoto, Naajeeriya, e nder leydi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓiri, o joginoo laamu gila lewru Yarkomaa 1982 haa lewru Noowammbar 1983. O lomtii Shehu a aksidaa e hitaande 1983.

Nguurndam
Dr Garba Na-Dama (Magajin Garin Gusau) jibinaa ko ñalnde 11 noowammbar 1938 to Gusau, diiwaan Zamfara, leydi Najeriya. Gaa gaa jaŋde lislaam aadaaji, o heɓi jaŋde makko adannde to duɗal leslesal Gusau e duɗal hakkundeewal Sokoto e hitaande 1949 e hitaande 1953. Tuggi 1956 haa 1960, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Bauchi e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Katsina ɗo o heɓi seedanteeje makko jannginooɓe tolno III e tolno II.

Nde o timmini seedantaagal makko ngenndiwal jaŋde (N.C.E) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Zaria e hitaande 1966, Na-Dama e hitaande 1969 yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, Zaria ɗo o heɓi dipolom makko B.A e daartol e hitaande 1972. O arti caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde makko PhD ma. e nder Daartol ngol o timmini e hitaande 1977. Tesis makko tiitoonde ‘Ummagol e Ɓooygol Dowla Hawsa: Daartol Renndo e Politik Zamfara’ ko golle gadane baawɗe wonde e daartol Zamfara ko adii koloñaal.

E nder golle makko juutɗe, Na-Dama golliima e golle keewɗe e nder fannuuji jaŋde e politik. Tuggude e hitaande 1957 fayde e hitaande 1961 o jannginii e Duɗal Ward Magajin Gari e Duɗal leslesal mawngal, Farfaru, Sokoto. Hakkunde 1963 e 1979, o golliima e golle keewɗe : hooreejo duɗal leslesal ñalnde kala Samaru, Gusau, o wonii balloowo ƴeewndo jaŋde, diiwaan worgo, Kaduna, e o wonii hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sultan Abubakar, Sokoto gila 1969 haa hitaande 1967 haa 1969. Sokoto diga 1977 haa 1979, cukko guwerneer diga 1979 haa 1981, e guwerneer lesdi Sokoto diga 1981 haa 1983.

Na-Dama wonnoo ko tergal yiilirde yiilirde bursiiji Fuɗnaange-rewo (1973–1976), Biro Taariindi Dowla Sokoto (1976–1977), Koldaa Dowla Sokoto ngam Naalankaagal e Ganndal (1977–1979), Batu Doosgal (1994–1995), Goomu Naatgol Ngenndiwal Bo99–1995 PDP, Batu peewnugol politik (2005), Goomu ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer (2000–2007) e Goomu ƴeewndo njulaagu e karallaagal ngenndiwal (2013–2015).Garba Nadama heɓi doktoraa mum. e daartol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello e hitaande 1977.

Nadama wonnoo ko ƴaañoowo Alhaji Ibrahim Gusau no feewi ngam suɓaade lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer (NPN) ngam suɓaade cukko guwerneer Sokoto e hitaande 1979. O siforaama no neɗɗo deeƴɗo, jom wuro, jom doosɗe. E lewru Siilo hitaande 1982, Dowla Sokoto heɓi ñamaande N96 miliyoŋ ummoraade e Banki Adunaaru. E lewru Duujal 1982, laamu lesdi hokki lesdi Sokoto N400,000 ngam huuwugo bee ustugo ɓuutugo gulli. Nadama siftinii limngal ngal ko seeɗa, tee ina famɗi no feewi ngam haɓaade caɗeele ɗee. Ñalnde 8 marse 1993, o yamiri jolngo keso wonande njuɓɓudi teleeji leydi Nijeer to Gusau. Politeknik Fedde nde, Kaura-Namoda (jooni ko e dowla Zamfara) sosaa ko e laamu makko.

Nadama acci laamu ɓaawo kuudetaaji konu 1983 ɗi Seneraal Major Muhammadu Buhari heɓi laamu.

Nadama wonti tergal e Diiso ngenndiijo ngam ƴellitde politik, caggal ɗuum wonti tergal mawngal e nder lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP). Nadama laati hooreejo banki lesdi Naajeeriya (SGBN). E lewru abriil 2008, o woniino cukko hooreejo leydi ndii e goomu ƴeewndo wasiyaaji ngam safrude luural nder PDP. O rokkaama tiitoonde aadaaji teddunde, hono Magajin Garin Gusau, ko laamɗo Gusau e oon sahaa, hono Alhaji Kabir Danbaba.

Nadama sankii ñalnde 4 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2020 caggal rafi seeɗa, o woppi rewɓe nayo e sukaaɓe sappo e njeetato e nder heen ko porfeseer Ahmed Rufai Nadama, Major Seneraal Kabiru Garba Nadama, Alhaji Mukhtar Nadama, Dr Mustapha Nadama, Hajiya A Maryam Nadama, Hajiya Nasalama Nadama Nadama e Hajiya Nasalama Nadama Nadama Garba Nadaama.

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'''Garba NadamaListenR''' (11 noowammbar 1938 – 4 mee 2020) ko politikaajo Naajeeriya mo wonnoo guwerneer siwil ɗiɗaɓo e nder diiwaan Sokoto, Naajeeriya, e nder leydi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓiri, o joginoo laamu gila lewru Yarkomaa 1982 haa lewru Noowammbar 1983. O lomtii Shehu a aksidaa e hitaande 1983.

== Nguurndam ==
Dr Garba Na-Dama (Magajin Garin Gusau) jibinaa ko ñalnde 11 noowammbar 1938 to Gusau, diiwaan Zamfara, leydi Najeriya. Gaa gaa jaŋde lislaam aadaaji, o heɓi jaŋde makko adannde to duɗal leslesal Gusau e duɗal hakkundeewal Sokoto e hitaande 1949 e hitaande 1953. Tuggi 1956 haa 1960, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Bauchi e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Katsina ɗo o heɓi seedanteeje makko jannginooɓe tolno III e tolno II.

Nde o timmini seedantaagal makko ngenndiwal jaŋde (N.C.E) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Zaria e hitaande 1966, Na-Dama e hitaande 1969 yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, Zaria ɗo o heɓi dipolom makko B.A e daartol e hitaande 1972. O arti caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde makko PhD ma. e nder Daartol ngol o timmini e hitaande 1977. Tesis makko tiitoonde ‘Ummagol e Ɓooygol Dowla Hawsa: Daartol Renndo e Politik Zamfara’ ko golle gadane baawɗe wonde e daartol Zamfara ko adii koloñaal.

E nder golle makko juutɗe, Na-Dama golliima e golle keewɗe e nder fannuuji jaŋde e politik. Tuggude e hitaande 1957 fayde e hitaande 1961 o jannginii e Duɗal Ward Magajin Gari e Duɗal leslesal mawngal, Farfaru, Sokoto. Hakkunde 1963 e 1979, o golliima e golle keewɗe : hooreejo duɗal leslesal ñalnde kala Samaru, Gusau, o wonii balloowo ƴeewndo jaŋde, diiwaan worgo, Kaduna, e o wonii hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sultan Abubakar, Sokoto gila 1969 haa hitaande 1967 haa 1969. Sokoto diga 1977 haa 1979, cukko guwerneer diga 1979 haa 1981, e guwerneer lesdi Sokoto diga 1981 haa 1983.

Na-Dama wonnoo ko tergal yiilirde yiilirde bursiiji Fuɗnaange-rewo (1973–1976), Biro Taariindi Dowla Sokoto (1976–1977), Koldaa Dowla Sokoto ngam Naalankaagal e Ganndal (1977–1979), Batu Doosgal (1994–1995), Goomu Naatgol Ngenndiwal Bo99–1995 PDP, Batu peewnugol politik (2005), Goomu ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer (2000–2007) e Goomu ƴeewndo njulaagu e karallaagal ngenndiwal (2013–2015).Garba Nadama heɓi doktoraa mum. e daartol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello e hitaande 1977.

Nadama wonnoo ko ƴaañoowo Alhaji Ibrahim Gusau no feewi ngam suɓaade lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer (NPN) ngam suɓaade cukko guwerneer Sokoto e hitaande 1979. O siforaama no neɗɗo deeƴɗo, jom wuro, jom doosɗe. E lewru Siilo hitaande 1982, Dowla Sokoto heɓi ñamaande N96 miliyoŋ ummoraade e Banki Adunaaru. E lewru Duujal 1982, laamu lesdi hokki lesdi Sokoto N400,000 ngam huuwugo bee ustugo ɓuutugo gulli. Nadama siftinii limngal ngal ko seeɗa, tee ina famɗi no feewi ngam haɓaade caɗeele ɗee. Ñalnde 8 marse 1993, o yamiri jolngo keso wonande njuɓɓudi teleeji leydi Nijeer to Gusau. Politeknik Fedde nde, Kaura-Namoda (jooni ko e dowla Zamfara) sosaa ko e laamu makko.

Nadama acci laamu ɓaawo kuudetaaji konu 1983 ɗi Seneraal Major Muhammadu Buhari heɓi laamu.

Nadama wonti tergal e Diiso ngenndiijo ngam ƴellitde politik, caggal ɗuum wonti tergal mawngal e nder lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP). Nadama laati hooreejo banki lesdi Naajeeriya (SGBN). E lewru abriil 2008, o woniino cukko hooreejo leydi ndii e goomu ƴeewndo wasiyaaji ngam safrude luural nder PDP. O rokkaama tiitoonde aadaaji teddunde, hono Magajin Garin Gusau, ko laamɗo Gusau e oon sahaa, hono Alhaji Kabir Danbaba.

Nadama sankii ñalnde 4 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2020 caggal rafi seeɗa, o woppi rewɓe nayo e sukaaɓe sappo e njeetato e nder heen ko porfeseer Ahmed Rufai Nadama, Major Seneraal Kabiru Garba Nadama, Alhaji Mukhtar Nadama, Dr Mustapha Nadama, Hajiya A Maryam Nadama, Hajiya Nasalama Nadama Nadama e Hajiya Nasalama Nadama Nadama Garba Nadaama.

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'''Garba NadamaListenR''' (11 noowammbar 1938 – 4 mee 2020) ko politikaajo Naajeeriya mo wonnoo guwerneer siwil ɗiɗaɓo e nder diiwaan Sokoto, Naajeeriya, e nder leydi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓiri, o joginoo laamu gila lewru Yarkomaa 1982 haa lewru Noowammbar 1983. O lomtii Shehu a aksidaa e hitaande 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;wstate&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|title=Nigerian States|publisher=WorldStatesmen|accessdate=14 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam ==
Dr Garba Na-Dama (Magajin Garin Gusau) jibinaa ko ñalnde 11 noowammbar 1938 to Gusau, diiwaan Zamfara, leydi Najeriya. Gaa gaa jaŋde lislaam aadaaji, o heɓi jaŋde makko adannde to duɗal leslesal Gusau e duɗal hakkundeewal Sokoto e hitaande 1949 e hitaande 1953. Tuggi 1956 haa 1960, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Bauchi e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Katsina ɗo o heɓi seedanteeje makko jannginooɓe tolno III e tolno II.

Nde o timmini seedantaagal makko ngenndiwal jaŋde (N.C.E) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Zaria e hitaande 1966, Na-Dama e hitaande 1969 yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, Zaria ɗo o heɓi dipolom makko B.A e daartol e hitaande 1972. O arti caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde makko PhD ma. e nder Daartol ngol o timmini e hitaande 1977. Tesis makko tiitoonde ‘Ummagol e Ɓooygol Dowla Hawsa: Daartol Renndo e Politik Zamfara’ ko golle gadane baawɗe wonde e daartol Zamfara ko adii koloñaal.

E nder golle makko juutɗe, Na-Dama golliima e golle keewɗe e nder fannuuji jaŋde e politik. Tuggude e hitaande 1957 fayde e hitaande 1961 o jannginii e Duɗal Ward Magajin Gari e Duɗal leslesal mawngal, Farfaru, Sokoto. Hakkunde 1963 e 1979, o golliima e golle keewɗe : hooreejo duɗal leslesal ñalnde kala Samaru, Gusau, o wonii balloowo ƴeewndo jaŋde, diiwaan worgo, Kaduna, e o wonii hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sultan Abubakar, Sokoto gila 1969 haa hitaande 1967 haa 1969. Sokoto diga 1977 haa 1979, cukko guwerneer diga 1979 haa 1981, e guwerneer lesdi Sokoto diga 1981 haa 1983.

Na-Dama wonnoo ko tergal yiilirde yiilirde bursiiji Fuɗnaange-rewo (1973–1976), Biro Taariindi Dowla Sokoto (1976–1977), Koldaa Dowla Sokoto ngam Naalankaagal e Ganndal (1977–1979), Batu Doosgal (1994–1995), Goomu Naatgol Ngenndiwal Bo99–1995 PDP, Batu peewnugol politik (2005), Goomu ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer (2000–2007) e Goomu ƴeewndo njulaagu e karallaagal ngenndiwal (2013–2015).Garba Nadama heɓi doktoraa mum. e daartol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello e hitaande 1977.

Nadama wonnoo ko ƴaañoowo Alhaji Ibrahim Gusau no feewi ngam suɓaade lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer (NPN) ngam suɓaade cukko guwerneer Sokoto e hitaande 1979. O siforaama no neɗɗo deeƴɗo, jom wuro, jom doosɗe. E lewru Siilo hitaande 1982, Dowla Sokoto heɓi ñamaande N96 miliyoŋ ummoraade e Banki Adunaaru. E lewru Duujal 1982, laamu lesdi hokki lesdi Sokoto N400,000 ngam huuwugo bee ustugo ɓuutugo gulli. Nadama siftinii limngal ngal ko seeɗa, tee ina famɗi no feewi ngam haɓaade caɗeele ɗee. Ñalnde 8 marse 1993, o yamiri jolngo keso wonande njuɓɓudi teleeji leydi Nijeer to Gusau. Politeknik Fedde nde, Kaura-Namoda (jooni ko e dowla Zamfara) sosaa ko e laamu makko.

Nadama acci laamu ɓaawo kuudetaaji konu 1983 ɗi Seneraal Major Muhammadu Buhari heɓi laamu.

Nadama wonti tergal e Diiso ngenndiijo ngam ƴellitde politik, caggal ɗuum wonti tergal mawngal e nder lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP). Nadama laati hooreejo banki lesdi Naajeeriya (SGBN). E lewru abriil 2008, o woniino cukko hooreejo leydi ndii e goomu ƴeewndo wasiyaaji ngam safrude luural nder PDP. O rokkaama tiitoonde aadaaji teddunde, hono Magajin Garin Gusau, ko laamɗo Gusau e oon sahaa, hono Alhaji Kabir Danbaba.

Nadama sankii ñalnde 4 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2020 caggal rafi seeɗa, o woppi rewɓe nayo e sukaaɓe sappo e njeetato e nder heen ko porfeseer Ahmed Rufai Nadama, Major Seneraal Kabiru Garba Nadama, Alhaji Mukhtar Nadama, Dr Mustapha Nadama, Hajiya A Maryam Nadama, Hajiya Nasalama Nadama Nadama e Hajiya Nasalama Nadama Nadama Garba Nadaama.

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'''Garba NadamaListenR''' (11 noowammbar 1938 – 4 mee 2020) ko politikaajo Naajeeriya mo wonnoo guwerneer siwil ɗiɗaɓo e nder diiwaan Sokoto, Naajeeriya, e nder leydi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓiri, o joginoo laamu gila lewru Yarkomaa 1982 haa lewru Noowammbar 1983. O lomtii Shehu a aksidaa e hitaande 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;wstate&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|title=Nigerian States|publisher=WorldStatesmen|accessdate=14 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam ==
Dr Garba Na-Dama (Magajin Garin Gusau) jibinaa ko ñalnde 11 noowammbar 1938 to Gusau, diiwaan Zamfara, leydi Najeriya. Gaa gaa jaŋde lislaam aadaaji, o heɓi jaŋde makko adannde to duɗal leslesal Gusau e duɗal hakkundeewal Sokoto e hitaande 1949 e hitaande 1953. Tuggi 1956 haa 1960, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Bauchi e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Katsina ɗo o heɓi seedanteeje makko jannginooɓe tolno III e tolno II.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2005/nov/151.html|title=TRIBUTE TO DR. YUSUFU BALA USMAN|publisher=NigeriaWorld|author=Dr. Alkasum Abba|date=15 November 2005|accessdate=14 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nde o timmini seedantaagal makko ngenndiwal jaŋde (N.C.E) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Zaria e hitaande 1966, Na-Dama e hitaande 1969 yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, Zaria ɗo o heɓi dipolom makko B.A e daartol e hitaande 1972. O arti caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde makko PhD ma. e nder Daartol ngol o timmini e hitaande 1977. Tesis makko tiitoonde ‘Ummagol e Ɓooygol Dowla Hawsa: Daartol Renndo e Politik Zamfara’ ko golle gadane baawɗe wonde e daartol Zamfara ko adii koloñaal.

E nder golle makko juutɗe, Na-Dama golliima e golle keewɗe e nder fannuuji jaŋde e politik. Tuggude e hitaande 1957 fayde e hitaande 1961 o jannginii e Duɗal Ward Magajin Gari e Duɗal leslesal mawngal, Farfaru, Sokoto. Hakkunde 1963 e 1979, o golliima e golle keewɗe : hooreejo duɗal leslesal ñalnde kala Samaru, Gusau, o wonii balloowo ƴeewndo jaŋde, diiwaan worgo, Kaduna, e o wonii hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sultan Abubakar, Sokoto gila 1969 haa hitaande 1967 haa 1969. Sokoto diga 1977 haa 1979, cukko guwerneer diga 1979 haa 1981, e guwerneer lesdi Sokoto diga 1981 haa 1983.

Na-Dama wonnoo ko tergal yiilirde yiilirde bursiiji Fuɗnaange-rewo (1973–1976), Biro Taariindi Dowla Sokoto (1976–1977), Koldaa Dowla Sokoto ngam Naalankaagal e Ganndal (1977–1979), Batu Doosgal (1994–1995), Goomu Naatgol Ngenndiwal Bo99–1995 PDP, Batu peewnugol politik (2005), Goomu ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer (2000–2007) e Goomu ƴeewndo njulaagu e karallaagal ngenndiwal (2013–2015).Garba Nadama heɓi doktoraa mum. e daartol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello e hitaande 1977.

Nadama wonnoo ko ƴaañoowo Alhaji Ibrahim Gusau no feewi ngam suɓaade lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer (NPN) ngam suɓaade cukko guwerneer Sokoto e hitaande 1979. O siforaama no neɗɗo deeƴɗo, jom wuro, jom doosɗe. E lewru Siilo hitaande 1982, Dowla Sokoto heɓi ñamaande N96 miliyoŋ ummoraade e Banki Adunaaru. E lewru Duujal 1982, laamu lesdi hokki lesdi Sokoto N400,000 ngam huuwugo bee ustugo ɓuutugo gulli. Nadama siftinii limngal ngal ko seeɗa, tee ina famɗi no feewi ngam haɓaade caɗeele ɗee. Ñalnde 8 marse 1993, o yamiri jolngo keso wonande njuɓɓudi teleeji leydi Nijeer to Gusau. Politeknik Fedde nde, Kaura-Namoda (jooni ko e dowla Zamfara) sosaa ko e laamu makko.

Nadama acci laamu ɓaawo kuudetaaji konu 1983 ɗi Seneraal Major Muhammadu Buhari heɓi laamu.

Nadama wonti tergal e Diiso ngenndiijo ngam ƴellitde politik, caggal ɗuum wonti tergal mawngal e nder lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP). Nadama laati hooreejo banki lesdi Naajeeriya (SGBN). E lewru abriil 2008, o woniino cukko hooreejo leydi ndii e goomu ƴeewndo wasiyaaji ngam safrude luural nder PDP. O rokkaama tiitoonde aadaaji teddunde, hono Magajin Garin Gusau, ko laamɗo Gusau e oon sahaa, hono Alhaji Kabir Danbaba.

Nadama sankii ñalnde 4 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2020 caggal rafi seeɗa, o woppi rewɓe nayo e sukaaɓe sappo e njeetato e nder heen ko porfeseer Ahmed Rufai Nadama, Major Seneraal Kabiru Garba Nadama, Alhaji Mukhtar Nadama, Dr Mustapha Nadama, Hajiya A Maryam Nadama, Hajiya Nasalama Nadama Nadama e Hajiya Nasalama Nadama Nadama Garba Nadaama.

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'''Garba NadamaListenR''' (11 noowammbar 1938 – 4 mee 2020) ko politikaajo Naajeeriya mo wonnoo guwerneer siwil ɗiɗaɓo e nder diiwaan Sokoto, Naajeeriya, e nder leydi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓiri, o joginoo laamu gila lewru Yarkomaa 1982 haa lewru Noowammbar 1983. O lomtii Shehu a aksidaa e hitaande 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;wstate&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Nigeria_federal_states.htm|title=Nigerian States|publisher=WorldStatesmen|accessdate=14 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam ==
Dr Garba Na-Dama (Magajin Garin Gusau) jibinaa ko ñalnde 11 noowammbar 1938 to Gusau, diiwaan Zamfara, leydi Najeriya. Gaa gaa jaŋde lislaam aadaaji, o heɓi jaŋde makko adannde to duɗal leslesal Gusau e duɗal hakkundeewal Sokoto e hitaande 1949 e hitaande 1953. Tuggi 1956 haa 1960, o naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Bauchi e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Katsina ɗo o heɓi seedanteeje makko jannginooɓe tolno III e tolno II.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2005/nov/151.html|title=TRIBUTE TO DR. YUSUFU BALA USMAN|publisher=NigeriaWorld|author=Dr. Alkasum Abba|date=15 November 2005|accessdate=14 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nde o timmini seedantaagal makko ngenndiwal jaŋde (N.C.E) to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Zaria e hitaande 1966, Na-Dama e hitaande 1969 yahi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello, Zaria ɗo o heɓi dipolom makko B.A e daartol e hitaande 1972. O arti caggal ɗuum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde makko PhD ma. e nder Daartol ngol o timmini e hitaande 1977. Tesis makko tiitoonde ‘Ummagol e Ɓooygol Dowla Hawsa: Daartol Renndo e Politik Zamfara’ ko golle gadane baawɗe wonde e daartol Zamfara ko adii koloñaal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200811100171.html|title=Dansadau - Bye to Politics of Integrity|author=Imam Imam|date=9 November 2008|publisher=ThisDay|accessdate=14 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;td197&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200901140197.html?page=3|title=Where Are Second Republic Governors?|author=Ademola Adeyemo|date=13 January 2009|publisher=ThisDay|accessdate=14 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA352751.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604024406/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA352751&amp;Location=U2&amp;doc=GetTRDoc.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=4 June 2011|title=Load for Sokoto State|publisher=Kaduna Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo|date=15 July 1982|accessdate=14 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA364977.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604024538/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA364977&amp;Location=U2&amp;doc=GetTRDoc.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=4 June 2011|title=Money Provided for Erosion in Sokoto State|publisher=Kaduna New Nigerian|date=7 December 1982|author=Adebisi Adekunle|accessdate=14 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA363494.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604024945/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA363494&amp;Location=U2&amp;doc=GetTRDoc.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=4 June 2011|title=New Television Transmitter|publisher=US Department of Commerce|accessdate=14 January 2010|date=30 March 1983}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://fedpolykauran.com/index.htm|title=Welcome|publisher=Federal Polytechnic, Kaura Namoda|accessdate=21 March 2010}}{{dead link|date=October 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E nder golle makko juutɗe, Na-Dama golliima e golle keewɗe e nder fannuuji jaŋde e politik. Tuggude e hitaande 1957 fayde e hitaande 1961 o jannginii e Duɗal Ward Magajin Gari e Duɗal leslesal mawngal, Farfaru, Sokoto. Hakkunde 1963 e 1979, o golliima e golle keewɗe : hooreejo duɗal leslesal ñalnde kala Samaru, Gusau, o wonii balloowo ƴeewndo jaŋde, diiwaan worgo, Kaduna, e o wonii hooreejo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sultan Abubakar, Sokoto gila 1969 haa hitaande 1967 haa 1969. Sokoto diga 1977 haa 1979, cukko guwerneer diga 1979 haa 1981, e guwerneer lesdi Sokoto diga 1981 haa 1983.

Na-Dama wonnoo ko tergal yiilirde yiilirde bursiiji Fuɗnaange-rewo (1973–1976), Biro Taariindi Dowla Sokoto (1976–1977), Koldaa Dowla Sokoto ngam Naalankaagal e Ganndal (1977–1979), Batu Doosgal (1994–1995), Goomu Naatgol Ngenndiwal Bo99–1995 PDP, Batu peewnugol politik (2005), Goomu ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer (2000–2007) e Goomu ƴeewndo njulaagu e karallaagal ngenndiwal (2013–2015).Garba Nadama heɓi doktoraa mum. e daartol to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello e hitaande 1977.

Nadama wonnoo ko ƴaañoowo Alhaji Ibrahim Gusau no feewi ngam suɓaade lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer (NPN) ngam suɓaade cukko guwerneer Sokoto e hitaande 1979. O siforaama no neɗɗo deeƴɗo, jom wuro, jom doosɗe. E lewru Siilo hitaande 1982, Dowla Sokoto heɓi ñamaande N96 miliyoŋ ummoraade e Banki Adunaaru. E lewru Duujal 1982, laamu lesdi hokki lesdi Sokoto N400,000 ngam huuwugo bee ustugo ɓuutugo gulli. Nadama siftinii limngal ngal ko seeɗa, tee ina famɗi no feewi ngam haɓaade caɗeele ɗee. Ñalnde 8 marse 1993, o yamiri jolngo keso wonande njuɓɓudi teleeji leydi Nijeer to Gusau. Politeknik Fedde nde, Kaura-Namoda (jooni ko e dowla Zamfara) sosaa ko e laamu makko.

Nadama acci laamu ɓaawo kuudetaaji konu 1983 ɗi Seneraal Major Muhammadu Buhari heɓi laamu.

Nadama wonti tergal e Diiso ngenndiijo ngam ƴellitde politik, caggal ɗuum wonti tergal mawngal e nder lannda Demokaraasi Yimɓe (PDP). Nadama laati hooreejo banki lesdi Naajeeriya (SGBN). E lewru abriil 2008, o woniino cukko hooreejo leydi ndii e goomu ƴeewndo wasiyaaji ngam safrude luural nder PDP. O rokkaama tiitoonde aadaaji teddunde, hono Magajin Garin Gusau, ko laamɗo Gusau e oon sahaa, hono Alhaji Kabir Danbaba.

Nadama sankii ñalnde 4 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2020 caggal rafi seeɗa, o woppi rewɓe nayo e sukaaɓe sappo e njeetato e nder heen ko porfeseer Ahmed Rufai Nadama, Major Seneraal Kabiru Garba Nadama, Alhaji Mukhtar Nadama, Dr Mustapha Nadama, Hajiya A Maryam Nadama, Hajiya Nasalama Nadama Nadama e Hajiya Nasalama Nadama Nadama Garba Nadaama.

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    <title>Shettima Ali Monguno</title>
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      <text bytes="1921" sha1="cd8z1bpnidpj5fxe4rzacwj395x7260" xml:space="preserve">Shettima Ali Monguno, CFR (1926 – 8 sulyee 2016) ko ganndo jaŋde e dawrugol leydi Nijeer, jibinaa ko e hitaande 1926 to diiwaan Monguno-Borno. O janngii duɗal leslesal Monguno, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Bauchi e Katsina, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ganndal e karallaagal, Zaria, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde Moray House e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh.

Ko kanko wonnoo M.P. e hitaande 1959, ko o gardiiɗo jaŋde e konsil jaŋde, golle e wellitaare renndo, laamu nokkuure Borno, hakkunde 1959 e 1965. O wonii jaagorgal konu weeyo e geɗe nder leydi hakkunde 1965 e 1966, o wonii Komisariyaa Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe hakkunde 1965 e Industri191; e wonde jaagorde miniraaji e doole, petroŋ e semmbe hakkunde 1972 e 1975.

Shettima Ali Monguno kadi ko hooreejo OPEP hakkunde 1972 e 1973. Ko kanko woni kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e nder wooteeji Option A4 e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1990 to leydi Najeriya.

O woniino hooreejo delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to UNCAD II, New Delhi, e hitaande 1968, o woniino tergal delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko ina ɓura duuɓi 10.

O heɓi coktirgal gure wuro New York, Louisville, to Kentucky, Amerik ; Kiito, leydi Ekuwator; e Lima, to leydi Peru. O sankii ko Maiduguri ñalnde 8 sulyee 2016.

Baɗte
Hooreejo Diiso wuro Maiduguri 1977-78.
Tergal Asaambele ngenndi 1977-78
Hooreejo OPEP e hitaande 1972-73
Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Calabar 1978-80
Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya 1980-84
Leydi teddini Laamu Ecoppi, Republique Egypt, Sudan e Cameroun 1970
Fedde ardiiɓe sukaaɓe rewɓe hoolaare leydi Naajeeriya 1970-90
Cukko hooreejo lannda lesdi Naajeeriya lewru Duujal 1980-84
Hokkaama teddungal ngenndiwal – Komandaajo yamiroore Republique Federal CFR 1982
Gardiiɗo Banke Nigbel Naajeeriya Ltd hitaande 1988
Hooreejo fedde jaŋde Borno 1986
Hon. Marshal laawol
Hon. Yimɓe leydi Oklahoma, Amerik
D.F. e njeenaari Diiso WAEC 2003
Tuugnorgal</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>174639</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-19T18:06:18Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
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Shettima Ali Monguno, CFR (1926 – 8 sulyee 2016) ko ganndo jaŋde e dawrugol leydi Nijeer, jibinaa ko e hitaande 1926 to diiwaan Monguno-Borno. O janngii duɗal leslesal Monguno, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Bauchi e Katsina, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ganndal e karallaagal, Zaria, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde Moray House e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh.

Ko kanko wonnoo M.P. e hitaande 1959, ko o gardiiɗo jaŋde e konsil jaŋde, golle e wellitaare renndo, laamu nokkuure Borno, hakkunde 1959 e 1965. O wonii jaagorgal konu weeyo e geɗe nder leydi hakkunde 1965 e 1966, o wonii Komisariyaa Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe hakkunde 1965 e Industri191; e wonde jaagorde miniraaji e doole, petroŋ e semmbe hakkunde 1972 e 1975.

Shettima Ali Monguno kadi ko hooreejo OPEP hakkunde 1972 e 1973. Ko kanko woni kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e nder wooteeji Option A4 e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1990 to leydi Najeriya.

O woniino hooreejo delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to UNCAD II, New Delhi, e hitaande 1968, o woniino tergal delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko ina ɓura duuɓi 10.

O heɓi coktirgal gure wuro New York, Louisville, to Kentucky, Amerik ; Kiito, leydi Ekuwator; e Lima, to leydi Peru. O sankii ko Maiduguri ñalnde 8 sulyee 2016.

Baɗte
Hooreejo Diiso wuro Maiduguri 1977-78.
Tergal Asaambele ngenndi 1977-78
Hooreejo OPEP e hitaande 1972-73
Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Calabar 1978-80
Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya 1980-84
Leydi teddini Laamu Ecoppi, Republique Egypt, Sudan e Cameroun 1970
Fedde ardiiɓe sukaaɓe rewɓe hoolaare leydi Naajeeriya 1970-90
Cukko hooreejo lannda lesdi Naajeeriya lewru Duujal 1980-84
Hokkaama teddungal ngenndiwal – Komandaajo yamiroore Republique Federal CFR 1982
Gardiiɗo Banke Nigbel Naajeeriya Ltd hitaande 1988
Hooreejo fedde jaŋde Borno 1986
Hon. Marshal laawol
Hon. Yimɓe leydi Oklahoma, Amerik
D.F. e njeenaari Diiso WAEC 2003
Tuugnorgal</text>
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    <revision>
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        <id>10103</id>
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'''Shettima Ali Monguno, CFR''' (1926 – 8 sulyee 2016) ko ganndo jaŋde e dawrugol leydi Nijeer, jibinaa ko e hitaande 1926 to diiwaan Monguno-Borno. O janngii duɗal leslesal Monguno, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Bauchi e Katsina, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ganndal e karallaagal, Zaria, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde Moray House e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh.

Ko kanko wonnoo M.P. e hitaande 1959, ko o gardiiɗo jaŋde e konsil jaŋde, golle e wellitaare renndo, laamu nokkuure Borno, hakkunde 1959 e 1965. O wonii jaagorgal konu weeyo e geɗe nder leydi hakkunde 1965 e 1966, o wonii Komisariyaa Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe hakkunde 1965 e Industri191; e wonde jaagorde miniraaji e doole, petroŋ e semmbe hakkunde 1972 e 1975.

Shettima Ali Monguno kadi ko hooreejo OPEP hakkunde 1972 e 1973. Ko kanko woni kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e nder wooteeji Option A4 e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1990 to leydi Najeriya.

O woniino hooreejo delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to UNCAD II, New Delhi, e hitaande 1968, o woniino tergal delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko ina ɓura duuɓi 10.

O heɓi coktirgal gure wuro New York, Louisville, to Kentucky, Amerik ; Kiito, leydi Ekuwator; e Lima, to leydi Peru. O sankii ko Maiduguri ñalnde 8 sulyee 2016.

== Baɗte ==
Hooreejo Diiso wuro Maiduguri 1977-78.

Tergal Asaambele ngenndi 1977-78

Hooreejo OPEP e hitaande 1972-73

Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Calabar 1978-80

Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya 1980-84

Leydi teddini Laamu Ecoppi, Republique Egypt, Sudan e Cameroun 1970

Fedde ardiiɓe sukaaɓe rewɓe hoolaare leydi Naajeeriya 1970-90

Cukko hooreejo lannda lesdi Naajeeriya lewru Duujal 1980-84

Hokkaama teddungal ngenndiwal – Komandaajo yamiroore Republique Federal CFR 1982

Gardiiɗo Banke Nigbel Naajeeriya Ltd hitaande 1988

Hooreejo fedde jaŋde Borno 1986

== Hon. Marshal laawol ==
Hon. Yimɓe leydi Oklahoma, Amerik

D.F. e njeenaari Diiso WAEC 2003

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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        <id>10103</id>
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'''Shettima Ali Monguno, CFR''' (1926 – 8 sulyee 2016) ko ganndo jaŋde e dawrugol leydi Nijeer, jibinaa ko e hitaande 1926 to diiwaan Monguno-Borno. O janngii duɗal leslesal Monguno, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Bauchi e Katsina, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ganndal e karallaagal, Zaria, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde Moray House e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh.&lt;ref name=&quot;CP&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=5 facts you should know about acting NSA, Babagana Monguno|url=http://citypeople.com.ng/i/5-facts-you-should-know-about-acting-nsa-babagana-monguno/|website=City People|access-date=13 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714003902/http://citypeople.com.ng/i/5-facts-you-should-know-about-acting-nsa-babagana-monguno/|archive-date=14 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko kanko wonnoo M.P. e hitaande 1959, ko o gardiiɗo jaŋde e konsil jaŋde, golle e wellitaare renndo, laamu nokkuure Borno, hakkunde 1959 e 1965. O wonii jaagorgal konu weeyo e geɗe nder leydi hakkunde 1965 e 1966, o wonii Komisariyaa Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe hakkunde 1965 e Industri191; e wonde jaagorde miniraaji e doole, petroŋ e semmbe hakkunde 1972 e 1975.

Shettima Ali Monguno kadi ko hooreejo OPEP hakkunde 1972 e 1973. Ko kanko woni kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e nder wooteeji Option A4 e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1990 to leydi Najeriya.

O woniino hooreejo delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to UNCAD II, New Delhi, e hitaande 1968, o woniino tergal delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko ina ɓura duuɓi 10.

O heɓi coktirgal gure wuro New York, Louisville, to Kentucky, Amerik ; Kiito, leydi Ekuwator; e Lima, to leydi Peru. O sankii ko Maiduguri ñalnde 8 sulyee 2016.

== Baɗte ==
Hooreejo Diiso wuro Maiduguri 1977-78.

Tergal Asaambele ngenndi 1977-78

Hooreejo OPEP e hitaande 1972-73

Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Calabar 1978-80

Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya 1980-84

Leydi teddini Laamu Ecoppi, Republique Egypt, Sudan e Cameroun 1970

Fedde ardiiɓe sukaaɓe rewɓe hoolaare leydi Naajeeriya 1970-90

Cukko hooreejo lannda lesdi Naajeeriya lewru Duujal 1980-84

Hokkaama teddungal ngenndiwal – Komandaajo yamiroore Republique Federal CFR 1982

Gardiiɗo Banke Nigbel Naajeeriya Ltd hitaande 1988

Hooreejo fedde jaŋde Borno 1986

== Hon. Marshal laawol ==
Hon. Yimɓe leydi Oklahoma, Amerik

D.F. e njeenaari Diiso WAEC 2003

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Shettima Ali Monguno, CFR''' (1926 – 8 sulyee 2016) ko ganndo jaŋde e dawrugol leydi Nijeer, jibinaa ko e hitaande 1926 to diiwaan Monguno-Borno. O janngii duɗal leslesal Monguno, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Bauchi e Katsina, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ganndal e karallaagal, Zaria, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde Moray House e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh.&lt;ref name=&quot;CP&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=5 facts you should know about acting NSA, Babagana Monguno|url=http://citypeople.com.ng/i/5-facts-you-should-know-about-acting-nsa-babagana-monguno/|website=City People|access-date=13 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714003902/http://citypeople.com.ng/i/5-facts-you-should-know-about-acting-nsa-babagana-monguno/|archive-date=14 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko kanko wonnoo M.P. e hitaande 1959, ko o gardiiɗo jaŋde e konsil jaŋde, golle e wellitaare renndo, laamu nokkuure Borno, hakkunde 1959 e 1965. O wonii jaagorgal konu weeyo e geɗe nder leydi hakkunde 1965 e 1966, o wonii Komisariyaa Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe hakkunde 1965 e Industri191; e wonde jaagorde miniraaji e doole, petroŋ e semmbe hakkunde 1972 e 1975.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=OPEC Postpones Meeting In Tripoli on Oil Accord|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0E16FB38551A7493C6A9178ED85F478785F9|access-date=5 February 2011|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=4 May 1973|quote=he announcement was made by Shettima Ali Monguno, OPEC president and Nigeria's commissioner for mines and power.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Shettima Ali Monguno kadi ko hooreejo OPEP hakkunde 1972 e 1973. Ko kanko woni kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e nder wooteeji Option A4 e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1990 to leydi Najeriya.

O woniino hooreejo delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to UNCAD II, New Delhi, e hitaande 1968, o woniino tergal delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko ina ɓura duuɓi 10.

O heɓi coktirgal gure wuro New York, Louisville, to Kentucky, Amerik ; Kiito, leydi Ekuwator; e Lima, to leydi Peru. O sankii ko Maiduguri ñalnde 8 sulyee 2016.

== Baɗte ==
Hooreejo Diiso wuro Maiduguri 1977-78.

Tergal Asaambele ngenndi 1977-78

Hooreejo OPEP e hitaande 1972-73

Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Calabar 1978-80

Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya 1980-84

Leydi teddini Laamu Ecoppi, Republique Egypt, Sudan e Cameroun 1970

Fedde ardiiɓe sukaaɓe rewɓe hoolaare leydi Naajeeriya 1970-90

Cukko hooreejo lannda lesdi Naajeeriya lewru Duujal 1980-84

Hokkaama teddungal ngenndiwal – Komandaajo yamiroore Republique Federal CFR 1982

Gardiiɗo Banke Nigbel Naajeeriya Ltd hitaande 1988

Hooreejo fedde jaŋde Borno 1986

== Hon. Marshal laawol ==
Hon. Yimɓe leydi Oklahoma, Amerik

D.F. e njeenaari Diiso WAEC 2003

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Shettima Ali Monguno, CFR''' (1926 – 8 sulyee 2016) ko ganndo jaŋde e dawrugol leydi Nijeer, jibinaa ko e hitaande 1926 to diiwaan Monguno-Borno. O janngii duɗal leslesal Monguno, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe Bauchi e Katsina, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ganndal e karallaagal, Zaria, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jaŋde Moray House e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh.&lt;ref name=&quot;CP&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=5 facts you should know about acting NSA, Babagana Monguno|url=http://citypeople.com.ng/i/5-facts-you-should-know-about-acting-nsa-babagana-monguno/|website=City People|access-date=13 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714003902/http://citypeople.com.ng/i/5-facts-you-should-know-about-acting-nsa-babagana-monguno/|archive-date=14 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko kanko wonnoo M.P. e hitaande 1959, ko o gardiiɗo jaŋde e konsil jaŋde, golle e wellitaare renndo, laamu nokkuure Borno, hakkunde 1959 e 1965. O wonii jaagorgal konu weeyo e geɗe nder leydi hakkunde 1965 e 1966, o wonii Komisariyaa Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe hakkunde 1965 e Industri191; e wonde jaagorde miniraaji e doole, petroŋ e semmbe hakkunde 1972 e 1975.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=OPEC Postpones Meeting In Tripoli on Oil Accord|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0E16FB38551A7493C6A9178ED85F478785F9|access-date=5 February 2011|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=4 May 1973|quote=he announcement was made by Shettima Ali Monguno, OPEC president and Nigeria's commissioner for mines and power.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Shettima Ali Monguno kadi ko hooreejo OPEP hakkunde 1972 e 1973. Ko kanko woni kanndidaa hooreejo leydi e nder wooteeji Option A4 e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1990 to leydi Najeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/206595-former-nigeria-minister-petroleum-shettima-ali-monguno-dies-95.html|title=Former Nigeria Minister of Petroleum, Shettima Ali Monguno, dies at 95 - Premium Times Nigeria|date=9 July 2016|access-date=27 November 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710150439/http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/206595-former-nigeria-minister-petroleum-shettima-ali-monguno-dies-95.html|archive-date=10 July 2016|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/07/elderstatesman-shettima-ali-monguno-dies-aged-90/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Elderstatesman, Shettima Ali Monguno, dies aged 90 - Vanguard News|date=9 July 2016|access-date=27 November 2016|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O woniino hooreejo delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to UNCAD II, New Delhi, e hitaande 1968, o woniino tergal delegaasiyoŋ Naajeeriya to Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ko ina ɓura duuɓi 10.

O heɓi coktirgal gure wuro New York, Louisville, to Kentucky, Amerik ; Kiito, leydi Ekuwator; e Lima, to leydi Peru. O sankii ko Maiduguri ñalnde 8 sulyee 2016.

== Baɗte ==
Hooreejo Diiso wuro Maiduguri 1977-78.

Tergal Asaambele ngenndi 1977-78

Hooreejo OPEP e hitaande 1972-73

Duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Calabar 1978-80

Duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya 1980-84

Leydi teddini Laamu Ecoppi, Republique Egypt, Sudan e Cameroun 1970

Fedde ardiiɓe sukaaɓe rewɓe hoolaare leydi Naajeeriya 1970-90

Cukko hooreejo lannda lesdi Naajeeriya lewru Duujal 1980-84

Hokkaama teddungal ngenndiwal – Komandaajo yamiroore Republique Federal CFR 1982

Gardiiɗo Banke Nigbel Naajeeriya Ltd hitaande 1988

Hooreejo fedde jaŋde Borno 1986

== Hon. Marshal laawol ==
Hon. Yimɓe leydi Oklahoma, Amerik

D.F. e njeenaari Diiso WAEC 2003

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Benjamin Chaha</title>
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      <text bytes="337" sha1="e9dn65vq5wgsin75i3pskm9te6k3pdt" xml:space="preserve">Benjamin Chaha (1940 – 9 mars 2022) ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, o woniino hooreejo ɗiɗaɓo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya e nder leydi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓiri, tuggi lewru Oktoobar 1983 haa lewru Duujal 1983.

Chaha jibinaa ko to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1940. O maayi ko ñalnde 9 mars 2022, omo yahra e duuɓi 82.

Tuugnorgal</text>
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Benjamin Chaha (1940 – 9 mars 2022) ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, o woniino hooreejo ɗiɗaɓo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya e nder leydi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓiri, tuggi lewru Oktoobar 1983 haa lewru Duujal 1983.

Chaha jibinaa ko to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1940. O maayi ko ñalnde 9 mars 2022, omo yahra e duuɓi 82.

Tuugnorgal</text>
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'''Benjamin Chaha''' (1940 – 9 mars 2022) ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, o woniino hooreejo ɗiɗaɓo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya e nder leydi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓiri, tuggi lewru Oktoobar 1983 haa lewru Duujal 1983.

Chaha jibinaa ko to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1940. O maayi ko ñalnde 9 mars 2022, omo yahra e duuɓi 82.

Tuugnorgal</text>
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'''Benjamin Chaha''' (1940 – 9 mars 2022) ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, o woniino hooreejo ɗiɗaɓo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya e nder leydi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓiri, tuggi lewru Oktoobar 1983 haa lewru Duujal 1983.

Chaha jibinaa ko to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1940. O maayi ko ñalnde 9 mars 2022, omo yahra e duuɓi 82.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-19T18:20:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
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'''Benjamin Chaha''' (1940 – 9 mars 2022) ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, o woniino hooreejo ɗiɗaɓo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya e nder leydi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓiri, tuggi lewru Oktoobar 1983 haa lewru Duujal 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;whoiswho&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200112070021.html|title=Nigeria: The Killings Are Premeditated - Chaha|first=Rabiu Ibrahim &amp; Joe|last=Oroye|date=7 December 2001|accessdate=3 September 2017|website=AllAfrica.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Chaha jibinaa ko to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1940. O maayi ko ñalnde 9 mars 2022, omo yahra e duuɓi 82.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Benjamin Chaha''' (1940 – 9 mars 2022) ko siyaasaajo leydi Naajeeriya, o woniino hooreejo ɗiɗaɓo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya e nder leydi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓiri, tuggi lewru Oktoobar 1983 haa lewru Duujal 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;whoiswho&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200112070021.html|title=Nigeria: The Killings Are Premeditated - Chaha|first=Rabiu Ibrahim &amp; Joe|last=Oroye|date=7 December 2001|accessdate=3 September 2017|website=AllAfrica.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Chaha jibinaa ko to leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1940. O maayi ko ñalnde 9 mars 2022, omo yahra e duuɓi 82.&lt;ref name=&quot;whoiswho2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9EAOAQAAMAAJ|title=Africa Who's who|year=1991|isbn=9780903274173}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nytreleased&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/10/world/4000-ex-officials-surrender-in-nigeria.html|title=4,000 EX-OFFICIALS SURRENDER IN NIGERIA|first=Clifford D.|last=May|date=10 January 1984|accessdate=3 September 2017|website=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Former House of Reps Speaker, Benjamin Chaha is Dead|url=https://dailyreportng.com/breaking-former-house-of-reps-speaker-benjamin-chaha-is-dead/|access-date=13 March 2022|publisher=Daily Report Nigeria|date=9 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Ex-Speaker, Chaha Benjamin dies at 82|url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/ex-speaker-chaha-benjamin-dies-at-82/|access-date=13 March 2022|publisher=The Eagle Online|date=12 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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  <page>
    <title>Edwin Clark (politician)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>174651</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T18:29:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>#1Lib1Ref</comment>
      <origin>174651</origin>
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      <text bytes="2710" sha1="71u10dafdlalgow3g44917f1ih16l32" xml:space="preserve">Mawɗo Edwin Clark, CFR CON (25 mee 1927 – 17 feebariyee 2025) ko hooreejo Ijaw Naajeeriya e politikyanke ummoriiɗo e diiwaan Delta gollodinooɗo e njuɓɓudi guwerneer militeer Samuel Ogbemudia e hooreejo diiwaan, Seneraal Yakubu Gowon hakkunde 1966 e 1975, wonnoo ko tergal komite6 to 1975 guwerneer militeeruuji diiwaan hakkundeejo hirnaange, David Ejoor e toɗɗaaɗo Komiseer Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e hitaande 1975.

Clark ko wasiyaajo mo laawɗinaaka to hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan.Ko o baawɗo moƴƴere, sosɗo fedde wiyeteende Edwin Clark, sosɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde e nder wuro makko.

Nguurndam e golle
Clark jibinaa ko to Kiagbodo, to nokku Ijaw, ko wiyetee hannde Dowla Delta. O janngi e duɗe leslese e hakkundeeje to Effurun, Okrika e Afugbene hade makko timminde jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe laamu, caggal ɗuum wonti duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Delta State, Abraka. Caggal ɗuum, Clark golliima seeɗa e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hade mum yahde leydi Angalteer ngam heɓde dipolom sariya.[nde?]

Yimoowo biyeteeɗo J.P. Clark ko miñiiko. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe taaniraaɓe mawɓe aristokraat Ijaw mo Kiagbodo, mo jamaanu koloñaal.

Politik
Naatgol Clark e nder golle politik fuɗɗii ko e yontaaji ko adii jeytaare nde o suɓaa e nder diisnondiral Bomadi e hitaande 1953. Caggal ɗuum Clark naati e Diisnondiral ngenndiwal Naajeeriya e Kameruun (NCNC).

Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa Komiseer Jaŋde Midwestern, caggal ɗuum, Kaalis tuggi 1966 haa 1975.

E nder laamu ɗiɗaɓuru, o woniino tergal e goomu toppitiingu ngenndiwal lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer (NPN) e keso lannda oo to diiwaan Bendel (jooni, e nder feccere, diiwaan Delta e ko adii ɗuum ko diiwaan Mid-Western Region). E hitaande 1983, o woni senaateer cuɓaaɗo fotde lebbi tati e nder jamma laamu Shagari.

Puɗɗagol hitaande 1996, Clark ko gardiiɗo leñol Ijaw, sifotooɗo hoore mum. O walli lenyol Ijaw nder jiha Delta wakkati ɓillaaji leñol haa Warri nden o ardi delegaasiyoŋaaji ardungal Ijaw ngam hawtugo bee ardiiɓe siyaasa.

Baɗte goɗɗe
Clark woni sosɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edwin Clark ngal sosaa ko e hitaande 2015.

E hitaande 2016, Clark sosi fedde wiyeteende PANDEF (PANDEF) wondude e ardiiɓe woɗɓe. Faandaare fedde nde hollitii ko &quot;yeewtidde e yimɓe jeyaaɓe e fedde nde e wallitde ɓeydugol hakkillaaji e huutoraade doosɗe ƴellitgol, ƴellitaare e kisal ɗe laamu Naajeeriya ƴetti.&quot;

Wade
Clark sankii ko ñalnde 17 feebariyee 2025, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 97. Gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Niiseer, hono Olusegun Obasanjo, siftinii Clark wonde « miñi mum mawɗo, sehil mum, awokaa mawɗo e fagguduyanke keɓtinaaɗo ».

Ƴeew kadi
Ayo Adebanjo
Tuugnorgal</text>
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Mawɗo Edwin Clark, CFR CON (25 mee 1927 – 17 feebariyee 2025) ko hooreejo Ijaw Naajeeriya e politikyanke ummoriiɗo e diiwaan Delta gollodinooɗo e njuɓɓudi guwerneer militeer Samuel Ogbemudia e hooreejo diiwaan, Seneraal Yakubu Gowon hakkunde 1966 e 1975, wonnoo ko tergal komite6 to 1975 guwerneer militeeruuji diiwaan hakkundeejo hirnaange, David Ejoor e toɗɗaaɗo Komiseer Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e hitaande 1975.

Clark ko wasiyaajo mo laawɗinaaka to hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan.Ko o baawɗo moƴƴere, sosɗo fedde wiyeteende Edwin Clark, sosɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde e nder wuro makko.

Nguurndam e golle
Clark jibinaa ko to Kiagbodo, to nokku Ijaw, ko wiyetee hannde Dowla Delta. O janngi e duɗe leslese e hakkundeeje to Effurun, Okrika e Afugbene hade makko timminde jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe laamu, caggal ɗuum wonti duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Delta State, Abraka. Caggal ɗuum, Clark golliima seeɗa e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hade mum yahde leydi Angalteer ngam heɓde dipolom sariya.[nde?]

Yimoowo biyeteeɗo J.P. Clark ko miñiiko. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe taaniraaɓe mawɓe aristokraat Ijaw mo Kiagbodo, mo jamaanu koloñaal.

Politik
Naatgol Clark e nder golle politik fuɗɗii ko e yontaaji ko adii jeytaare nde o suɓaa e nder diisnondiral Bomadi e hitaande 1953. Caggal ɗuum Clark naati e Diisnondiral ngenndiwal Naajeeriya e Kameruun (NCNC).

Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa Komiseer Jaŋde Midwestern, caggal ɗuum, Kaalis tuggi 1966 haa 1975.

E nder laamu ɗiɗaɓuru, o woniino tergal e goomu toppitiingu ngenndiwal lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer (NPN) e keso lannda oo to diiwaan Bendel (jooni, e nder feccere, diiwaan Delta e ko adii ɗuum ko diiwaan Mid-Western Region). E hitaande 1983, o woni senaateer cuɓaaɗo fotde lebbi tati e nder jamma laamu Shagari.

Puɗɗagol hitaande 1996, Clark ko gardiiɗo leñol Ijaw, sifotooɗo hoore mum. O walli lenyol Ijaw nder jiha Delta wakkati ɓillaaji leñol haa Warri nden o ardi delegaasiyoŋaaji ardungal Ijaw ngam hawtugo bee ardiiɓe siyaasa.

Baɗte goɗɗe
Clark woni sosɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edwin Clark ngal sosaa ko e hitaande 2015.

E hitaande 2016, Clark sosi fedde wiyeteende PANDEF (PANDEF) wondude e ardiiɓe woɗɓe. Faandaare fedde nde hollitii ko &quot;yeewtidde e yimɓe jeyaaɓe e fedde nde e wallitde ɓeydugol hakkillaaji e huutoraade doosɗe ƴellitgol, ƴellitaare e kisal ɗe laamu Naajeeriya ƴetti.&quot;

Wade
Clark sankii ko ñalnde 17 feebariyee 2025, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 97. Gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Niiseer, hono Olusegun Obasanjo, siftinii Clark wonde « miñi mum mawɗo, sehil mum, awokaa mawɗo e fagguduyanke keɓtinaaɗo ».

Ƴeew kadi
Ayo Adebanjo
Tuugnorgal</text>
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'''Mawɗo Edwin Clark, CFR CON''' (25 mee 1927 – 17 feebariyee 2025) ko hooreejo Ijaw Naajeeriya e politikyanke ummoriiɗo e diiwaan Delta gollodinooɗo e njuɓɓudi guwerneer militeer Samuel Ogbemudia e hooreejo diiwaan, Seneraal Yakubu Gowon hakkunde 1966 e 1975, wonnoo ko tergal komite6 to 1975 guwerneer militeeruuji diiwaan hakkundeejo hirnaange, David Ejoor e toɗɗaaɗo Komiseer Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e hitaande 1975.

Clark ko wasiyaajo mo laawɗinaaka to hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan.Ko o baawɗo moƴƴere, sosɗo fedde wiyeteende Edwin Clark, sosɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde e nder wuro makko.

== Nguurndam e golle ==
Clark jibinaa ko to Kiagbodo, to nokku Ijaw, ko wiyetee hannde Dowla Delta. O janngi e duɗe leslese e hakkundeeje to Effurun, Okrika e Afugbene hade makko timminde jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe laamu, caggal ɗuum wonti duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Delta State, Abraka. Caggal ɗuum, Clark golliima seeɗa e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hade mum yahde leydi Angalteer ngam heɓde dipolom sariya.[nde?]

Yimoowo biyeteeɗo J.P. Clark ko miñiiko. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe taaniraaɓe mawɓe aristokraat Ijaw mo Kiagbodo, mo jamaanu koloñaal.

Politik
Naatgol Clark e nder golle politik fuɗɗii ko e yontaaji ko adii jeytaare nde o suɓaa e nder diisnondiral Bomadi e hitaande 1953. Caggal ɗuum Clark naati e Diisnondiral ngenndiwal Naajeeriya e Kameruun (NCNC).

Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa Komiseer Jaŋde Midwestern, caggal ɗuum, Kaalis tuggi 1966 haa 1975.

E nder laamu ɗiɗaɓuru, o woniino tergal e goomu toppitiingu ngenndiwal lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer (NPN) e keso lannda oo to diiwaan Bendel (jooni, e nder feccere, diiwaan Delta e ko adii ɗuum ko diiwaan Mid-Western Region). E hitaande 1983, o woni senaateer cuɓaaɗo fotde lebbi tati e nder jamma laamu Shagari.

Puɗɗagol hitaande 1996, Clark ko gardiiɗo leñol Ijaw, sifotooɗo hoore mum. O walli lenyol Ijaw nder jiha Delta wakkati ɓillaaji leñol haa Warri nden o ardi delegaasiyoŋaaji ardungal Ijaw ngam hawtugo bee ardiiɓe siyaasa.

== Baɗte goɗɗe ==
Clark woni sosɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edwin Clark ngal sosaa ko e hitaande 2015.

E hitaande 2016, Clark sosi fedde wiyeteende PANDEF (PANDEF) wondude e ardiiɓe woɗɓe. Faandaare fedde nde hollitii ko &quot;yeewtidde e yimɓe jeyaaɓe e fedde nde e wallitde ɓeydugol hakkillaaji e huutoraade doosɗe ƴellitgol, ƴellitaare e kisal ɗe laamu Naajeeriya ƴetti.&quot;

== Wade ==
Clark sankii ko ñalnde 17 feebariyee 2025, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 97. Gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Niiseer, hono Olusegun Obasanjo, siftinii Clark wonde « miñi mum mawɗo, sehil mum, awokaa mawɗo e fagguduyanke keɓtinaaɗo ».

== Ƴeew kadi ==

== Ayo Adebanjo ==

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Mawɗo Edwin Clark, CFR CON''' (25 mee 1927 – 17 feebariyee 2025) ko hooreejo Ijaw Naajeeriya e politikyanke ummoriiɗo e diiwaan Delta gollodinooɗo e njuɓɓudi guwerneer militeer Samuel Ogbemudia e hooreejo diiwaan, Seneraal Yakubu Gowon hakkunde 1966 e 1975, wonnoo ko tergal komite6 to 1975 guwerneer militeeruuji diiwaan hakkundeejo hirnaange, David Ejoor e toɗɗaaɗo Komiseer Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e hitaande 1975.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=efosataiwo@vanguardngr.com|date=2025-02-18|title=10 things you may not know about late Ijaw leader Chief Edwin Clark|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/02/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-late-ijaw-leader-chief-edwin-clark/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-02-19|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB|quote=&quot;Edwin Clark was born on May 25, 1927, in Kiagbodo, an Ijaw community in present-day Delta State, Nigeria.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Clark ko wasiyaajo mo laawɗinaaka to hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan.Ko o baawɗo moƴƴere, sosɗo fedde wiyeteende Edwin Clark, sosɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde e nder wuro makko.

== Nguurndam e golle ==
Clark jibinaa ko to Kiagbodo, to nokku Ijaw, ko wiyetee hannde Dowla Delta. O janngi e duɗe leslese e hakkundeeje to Effurun, Okrika e Afugbene hade makko timminde jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe laamu, caggal ɗuum wonti duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Delta State, Abraka. Caggal ɗuum, Clark golliima seeɗa e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hade mum yahde leydi Angalteer ngam heɓde dipolom sariya.[nde?]

Yimoowo biyeteeɗo J.P. Clark ko miñiiko. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe taaniraaɓe mawɓe aristokraat Ijaw mo Kiagbodo, mo jamaanu koloñaal.

Politik
Naatgol Clark e nder golle politik fuɗɗii ko e yontaaji ko adii jeytaare nde o suɓaa e nder diisnondiral Bomadi e hitaande 1953. Caggal ɗuum Clark naati e Diisnondiral ngenndiwal Naajeeriya e Kameruun (NCNC).

Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa Komiseer Jaŋde Midwestern, caggal ɗuum, Kaalis tuggi 1966 haa 1975.

E nder laamu ɗiɗaɓuru, o woniino tergal e goomu toppitiingu ngenndiwal lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer (NPN) e keso lannda oo to diiwaan Bendel (jooni, e nder feccere, diiwaan Delta e ko adii ɗuum ko diiwaan Mid-Western Region). E hitaande 1983, o woni senaateer cuɓaaɗo fotde lebbi tati e nder jamma laamu Shagari.

Puɗɗagol hitaande 1996, Clark ko gardiiɗo leñol Ijaw, sifotooɗo hoore mum. O walli lenyol Ijaw nder jiha Delta wakkati ɓillaaji leñol haa Warri nden o ardi delegaasiyoŋaaji ardungal Ijaw ngam hawtugo bee ardiiɓe siyaasa.

== Baɗte goɗɗe ==
Clark woni sosɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edwin Clark ngal sosaa ko e hitaande 2015.

E hitaande 2016, Clark sosi fedde wiyeteende PANDEF (PANDEF) wondude e ardiiɓe woɗɓe. Faandaare fedde nde hollitii ko &quot;yeewtidde e yimɓe jeyaaɓe e fedde nde e wallitde ɓeydugol hakkillaaji e huutoraade doosɗe ƴellitgol, ƴellitaare e kisal ɗe laamu Naajeeriya ƴetti.&quot;

== Wade ==
Clark sankii ko ñalnde 17 feebariyee 2025, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 97. Gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Niiseer, hono Olusegun Obasanjo, siftinii Clark wonde « miñi mum mawɗo, sehil mum, awokaa mawɗo e fagguduyanke keɓtinaaɗo ».

== Ƴeew kadi ==

== Ayo Adebanjo ==

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Mawɗo Edwin Clark, CFR CON''' (25 mee 1927 – 17 feebariyee 2025) ko hooreejo Ijaw Naajeeriya e politikyanke ummoriiɗo e diiwaan Delta gollodinooɗo e njuɓɓudi guwerneer militeer Samuel Ogbemudia e hooreejo diiwaan, Seneraal Yakubu Gowon hakkunde 1966 e 1975, wonnoo ko tergal komite6 to 1975 guwerneer militeeruuji diiwaan hakkundeejo hirnaange, David Ejoor e toɗɗaaɗo Komiseer Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e hitaande 1975.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=efosataiwo@vanguardngr.com|date=2025-02-18|title=10 things you may not know about late Ijaw leader Chief Edwin Clark|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/02/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-late-ijaw-leader-chief-edwin-clark/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-02-19|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB|quote=&quot;Edwin Clark was born on May 25, 1927, in Kiagbodo, an Ijaw community in present-day Delta State, Nigeria.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Clark ko wasiyaajo mo laawɗinaaka to hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan.Ko o baawɗo moƴƴere, sosɗo fedde wiyeteende Edwin Clark, sosɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde e nder wuro makko.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=No oil, no money, no deal|journal=Africa Confidential|volume=57|issue=19|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/article/id/11784/No_oil%2c_no_money%2c_no_deal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Daniel|first1=Soni|title=At 86: Why I am establishing a University of Technology, by Clark - Vanguard News|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/10/86-establishing-university-technology-chief-e-k-clark/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|date=12 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam e golle ==
Clark jibinaa ko to Kiagbodo, to nokku Ijaw, ko wiyetee hannde Dowla Delta. O janngi e duɗe leslese e hakkundeeje to Effurun, Okrika e Afugbene hade makko timminde jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe laamu, caggal ɗuum wonti duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Delta State, Abraka. Caggal ɗuum, Clark golliima seeɗa e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hade mum yahde leydi Angalteer ngam heɓde dipolom sariya.[nde?]

Yimoowo biyeteeɗo J.P. Clark ko miñiiko. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe taaniraaɓe mawɓe aristokraat Ijaw mo Kiagbodo, mo jamaanu koloñaal.

Politik
Naatgol Clark e nder golle politik fuɗɗii ko e yontaaji ko adii jeytaare nde o suɓaa e nder diisnondiral Bomadi e hitaande 1953. Caggal ɗuum Clark naati e Diisnondiral ngenndiwal Naajeeriya e Kameruun (NCNC).

Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa Komiseer Jaŋde Midwestern, caggal ɗuum, Kaalis tuggi 1966 haa 1975.

E nder laamu ɗiɗaɓuru, o woniino tergal e goomu toppitiingu ngenndiwal lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer (NPN) e keso lannda oo to diiwaan Bendel (jooni, e nder feccere, diiwaan Delta e ko adii ɗuum ko diiwaan Mid-Western Region). E hitaande 1983, o woni senaateer cuɓaaɗo fotde lebbi tati e nder jamma laamu Shagari.

Puɗɗagol hitaande 1996, Clark ko gardiiɗo leñol Ijaw, sifotooɗo hoore mum. O walli lenyol Ijaw nder jiha Delta wakkati ɓillaaji leñol haa Warri nden o ardi delegaasiyoŋaaji ardungal Ijaw ngam hawtugo bee ardiiɓe siyaasa.

== Baɗte goɗɗe ==
Clark woni sosɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edwin Clark ngal sosaa ko e hitaande 2015.

E hitaande 2016, Clark sosi fedde wiyeteende PANDEF (PANDEF) wondude e ardiiɓe woɗɓe. Faandaare fedde nde hollitii ko &quot;yeewtidde e yimɓe jeyaaɓe e fedde nde e wallitde ɓeydugol hakkillaaji e huutoraade doosɗe ƴellitgol, ƴellitaare e kisal ɗe laamu Naajeeriya ƴetti.&quot;

== Wade ==
Clark sankii ko ñalnde 17 feebariyee 2025, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 97. Gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Niiseer, hono Olusegun Obasanjo, siftinii Clark wonde « miñi mum mawɗo, sehil mum, awokaa mawɗo e fagguduyanke keɓtinaaɗo ».

== Ƴeew kadi ==

== Ayo Adebanjo ==

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Mawɗo Edwin Clark, CFR CON''' (25 mee 1927 – 17 feebariyee 2025) ko hooreejo Ijaw Naajeeriya e politikyanke ummoriiɗo e diiwaan Delta gollodinooɗo e njuɓɓudi guwerneer militeer Samuel Ogbemudia e hooreejo diiwaan, Seneraal Yakubu Gowon hakkunde 1966 e 1975, wonnoo ko tergal komite6 to 1975 guwerneer militeeruuji diiwaan hakkundeejo hirnaange, David Ejoor e toɗɗaaɗo Komiseer Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e hitaande 1975.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=efosataiwo@vanguardngr.com|date=2025-02-18|title=10 things you may not know about late Ijaw leader Chief Edwin Clark|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/02/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-late-ijaw-leader-chief-edwin-clark/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-02-19|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB|quote=&quot;Edwin Clark was born on May 25, 1927, in Kiagbodo, an Ijaw community in present-day Delta State, Nigeria.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Clark ko wasiyaajo mo laawɗinaaka to hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan.Ko o baawɗo moƴƴere, sosɗo fedde wiyeteende Edwin Clark, sosɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde e nder wuro makko.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=No oil, no money, no deal|journal=Africa Confidential|volume=57|issue=19|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/article/id/11784/No_oil%2c_no_money%2c_no_deal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Daniel|first1=Soni|title=At 86: Why I am establishing a University of Technology, by Clark - Vanguard News|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/10/86-establishing-university-technology-chief-e-k-clark/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|date=12 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam e golle ==
Clark jibinaa ko to Kiagbodo, to nokku Ijaw, ko wiyetee hannde Dowla Delta. O janngi e duɗe leslese e hakkundeeje to Effurun, Okrika e Afugbene hade makko timminde jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe laamu, caggal ɗuum wonti duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Delta State, Abraka. Caggal ɗuum, Clark golliima seeɗa e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hade mum yahde leydi Angalteer ngam heɓde dipolom sariya.[nde?]

Yimoowo biyeteeɗo J.P. Clark ko miñiiko. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe taaniraaɓe mawɓe aristokraat Ijaw mo Kiagbodo, mo jamaanu koloñaal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Bankole|first=Idowu|date=2019-05-27|title=Edwin Clark: Portrait of a statesman at 92|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/edwin-clark-portrait-of-a-statesman-at-92/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-02-19|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Politik
Naatgol Clark e nder golle politik fuɗɗii ko e yontaaji ko adii jeytaare nde o suɓaa e nder diisnondiral Bomadi e hitaande 1953. Caggal ɗuum Clark naati e Diisnondiral ngenndiwal Naajeeriya e Kameruun (NCNC).

Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa Komiseer Jaŋde Midwestern, caggal ɗuum, Kaalis tuggi 1966 haa 1975.

E nder laamu ɗiɗaɓuru, o woniino tergal e goomu toppitiingu ngenndiwal lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer (NPN) e keso lannda oo to diiwaan Bendel (jooni, e nder feccere, diiwaan Delta e ko adii ɗuum ko diiwaan Mid-Western Region). E hitaande 1983, o woni senaateer cuɓaaɗo fotde lebbi tati e nder jamma laamu Shagari.

Puɗɗagol hitaande 1996, Clark ko gardiiɗo leñol Ijaw, sifotooɗo hoore mum. O walli lenyol Ijaw nder jiha Delta wakkati ɓillaaji leñol haa Warri nden o ardi delegaasiyoŋaaji ardungal Ijaw ngam hawtugo bee ardiiɓe siyaasa.

== Baɗte goɗɗe ==
Clark woni sosɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edwin Clark ngal sosaa ko e hitaande 2015.

E hitaande 2016, Clark sosi fedde wiyeteende PANDEF (PANDEF) wondude e ardiiɓe woɗɓe. Faandaare fedde nde hollitii ko &quot;yeewtidde e yimɓe jeyaaɓe e fedde nde e wallitde ɓeydugol hakkillaaji e huutoraade doosɗe ƴellitgol, ƴellitaare e kisal ɗe laamu Naajeeriya ƴetti.&quot;

== Wade ==
Clark sankii ko ñalnde 17 feebariyee 2025, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 97. Gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Niiseer, hono Olusegun Obasanjo, siftinii Clark wonde « miñi mum mawɗo, sehil mum, awokaa mawɗo e fagguduyanke keɓtinaaɗo ».

== Ƴeew kadi ==

== Ayo Adebanjo ==

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Mawɗo Edwin Clark, CFR CON''' (25 mee 1927 – 17 feebariyee 2025) ko hooreejo Ijaw Naajeeriya e politikyanke ummoriiɗo e diiwaan Delta gollodinooɗo e njuɓɓudi guwerneer militeer Samuel Ogbemudia e hooreejo diiwaan, Seneraal Yakubu Gowon hakkunde 1966 e 1975, wonnoo ko tergal komite6 to 1975 guwerneer militeeruuji diiwaan hakkundeejo hirnaange, David Ejoor e toɗɗaaɗo Komiseer Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e hitaande 1975.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=efosataiwo@vanguardngr.com|date=2025-02-18|title=10 things you may not know about late Ijaw leader Chief Edwin Clark|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/02/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-late-ijaw-leader-chief-edwin-clark/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-02-19|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB|quote=&quot;Edwin Clark was born on May 25, 1927, in Kiagbodo, an Ijaw community in present-day Delta State, Nigeria.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Clark ko wasiyaajo mo laawɗinaaka to hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan.Ko o baawɗo moƴƴere, sosɗo fedde wiyeteende Edwin Clark, sosɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde e nder wuro makko.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=No oil, no money, no deal|journal=Africa Confidential|volume=57|issue=19|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/article/id/11784/No_oil%2c_no_money%2c_no_deal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Daniel|first1=Soni|title=At 86: Why I am establishing a University of Technology, by Clark - Vanguard News|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/10/86-establishing-university-technology-chief-e-k-clark/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|date=12 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam e golle ==
Clark jibinaa ko to Kiagbodo, to nokku Ijaw, ko wiyetee hannde Dowla Delta. O janngi e duɗe leslese e hakkundeeje to Effurun, Okrika e Afugbene hade makko timminde jaŋde makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe laamu, caggal ɗuum wonti duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Delta State, Abraka. Caggal ɗuum, Clark golliima seeɗa e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hade mum yahde leydi Angalteer ngam heɓde dipolom sariya.[nde?]

Yimoowo biyeteeɗo J.P. Clark ko miñiiko. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ko ɓe taaniraaɓe mawɓe aristokraat Ijaw mo Kiagbodo, mo jamaanu koloñaal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Bankole|first=Idowu|date=2019-05-27|title=Edwin Clark: Portrait of a statesman at 92|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/edwin-clark-portrait-of-a-statesman-at-92/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-02-19|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Politik
Naatgol Clark e nder golle politik fuɗɗii ko e yontaaji ko adii jeytaare nde o suɓaa e nder diisnondiral Bomadi e hitaande 1953. Caggal ɗuum Clark naati e Diisnondiral ngenndiwal Naajeeriya e Kameruun (NCNC).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Sulaimon|first1=Adekunle|title=PANDEF leader, Edwin Clark, dies at 97|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-pandef-leader-edwin-clark-dies-at-97|access-date=18 February 2025|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Oduah|first=Henry|date=2025-02-18|title=Edwin Clark Dies at 97|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/02/breaking-edwin-clark-dies-at-97/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-02-19|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Oyeweso|first=Femi|date=2025-02-18|title=Obasanjo Mourns Edwin Clark, Says Late PANDEF Leader Was Accomplished Politician|url=https://leadership.ng/obasanjo-mourns-edwin-clark-says-late-pandef-leader-was-accomplished-politician/|access-date=2025-02-19|language=en-US|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa Komiseer Jaŋde Midwestern, caggal ɗuum, Kaalis tuggi 1966 haa 1975.

E nder laamu ɗiɗaɓuru, o woniino tergal e goomu toppitiingu ngenndiwal lannda ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer (NPN) e keso lannda oo to diiwaan Bendel (jooni, e nder feccere, diiwaan Delta e ko adii ɗuum ko diiwaan Mid-Western Region). E hitaande 1983, o woni senaateer cuɓaaɗo fotde lebbi tati e nder jamma laamu Shagari.

Puɗɗagol hitaande 1996, Clark ko gardiiɗo leñol Ijaw, sifotooɗo hoore mum. O walli lenyol Ijaw nder jiha Delta wakkati ɓillaaji leñol haa Warri nden o ardi delegaasiyoŋaaji ardungal Ijaw ngam hawtugo bee ardiiɓe siyaasa.

== Baɗte goɗɗe ==
Clark woni sosɗo duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edwin Clark ngal sosaa ko e hitaande 2015.

E hitaande 2016, Clark sosi fedde wiyeteende PANDEF (PANDEF) wondude e ardiiɓe woɗɓe. Faandaare fedde nde hollitii ko &quot;yeewtidde e yimɓe jeyaaɓe e fedde nde e wallitde ɓeydugol hakkillaaji e huutoraade doosɗe ƴellitgol, ƴellitaare e kisal ɗe laamu Naajeeriya ƴetti.&quot;

== Wade ==
Clark sankii ko ñalnde 17 feebariyee 2025, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 97. Gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Niiseer, hono Olusegun Obasanjo, siftinii Clark wonde « miñi mum mawɗo, sehil mum, awokaa mawɗo e fagguduyanke keɓtinaaɗo ».

== Ƴeew kadi ==

== Ayo Adebanjo ==

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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    <title>Aminu Dantata</title>
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      <text bytes="4277" sha1="qcba2o8nlytwt3wtxcdl5ydar8cgly9" xml:space="preserve">Aminu Alhassan Dantata (ListenR; 19 mee 1931 – 28 suwee 2025) ko jom ngalu e balloowo yimɓe leydi Najeriya, jeyaaɗo e ƴellitooɓe Fooyre Ɓamtaare Kano, fedde dokkal ballitoore eɓɓooji jaŋde e rokkude dokke to bannge njulaagu tokoosi to Kano. Ko kanko woni hooreejo fedde sosiyeteeji toppitiiɗi jeyi leydi makko e golle njulaagu goɗɗe.

Aminu Alhassan Dantata woni sosɗo sosiyetee petroŋ e gaas, kadi ko gooto e yuɓɓinɓe banke Jaiz to leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1978, o jeyaa ko e Diɗɗal Ngenndiwal, fedde nde caggal mum wayliima wonti Lannda Ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer.

Ɓawo
Dantata jibinaa ko e galle Alhassan Dantata, mo ummorii ko e galle njulaagu Agalawa, mawniiko Aminu Dantata ina wiyee Abdullahi tawi mawniiko gorko ina wiyee Baba Talatin, njulaagu alɗuɗo, gardinooɗo galle oo gila Katsina haa Madobi caggal maayde baaba mum Ali. Mawniiko Aminu Dantata, Abdullahi, jokki golle mum gila Madobi haa hitaande 1877 nde o ummii o yahi Gonja, debbo makko jibini Alhassan Dantata, baaba Aminu to nokku (Zango) Bebeji. Nde o arti e yahdu o felliti woppude Madobi, o fayi Bebeji. Aminu Dantata ko ɓiɗɗo sappo e joyaɓo e nder galle sukaaɓe sappo e njeeɗiɗo. Tuggi 1938 haa 1945, o janngi to duɗal leslesal Dala, caggal ɗuum o timmini jaŋde makko e jaŋde galle e nder duɗal keeringal ngal baaba makko mahi e hitaande 1949. Caggal jaŋde makko, o naati e njulaagu galle, Alhassan Dantata &amp; sons, e hitaande 1948 o woni soodoowo geɗe marritt e kadi go. E hitaande 1955, o woni gardiiɗo diiwaan Sokoto e njulaagu nguu. Hitaande 1955 kadi ko nde baaba makko maayi, caggal ɗuum geɗal e nder njulaagu nguu renndinaa e sukaaɓe ɓee. E hitaande 1958, Dantata wonti cukko hooreejo fedde nde e miñiiko Ahmadu, ko kanko wonnoo MD. Nde Ahmadu sankii e hitaande 1960, Dantata woni hooreejo njulaagu nguu.

Duuɓi ɗuɗɗi, Dantata yaajini jokkirgol filu e kuuɗe maako nder kuuɗe feere-feere nder siyaasaaku e faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960, Dantata ina joginoo fedde mahngo heɓnde ballal laamu kesu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, fedde makko rokkaama kontraa ngam mahde feccere e Duɗal Aviation to Zaria. E hitaande 1961, o jeyaa ko e jom en njulaagu tato woɗɓe e nder fedde 23 terɗe fedde faggudu, fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore nde laamu jeytaare leydi Najeriya neldi. E hitaande 1964, o jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe yiilirde (board) pioneer Banke ƴellitaare gollorɗe leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1968, Dantata toɗɗaa komisariyaajo diiwaan Kano ngam ƴellitaare faggudu, njulaagu e njulaagu e les njiimaandi Audu Bako, o woni e oon nokku haa hitaande 1973.

E nder yonta njiimaandi 1970, fedde Dantata soodi geɗe keewɗe, joginoo geɗe keewɗe e nder Mentholatum, SCOA, Funtua Cotton Crushing Seed Co e Raleigh Industries.

Dantata sankii ko ñalnde 28 lewru juko hitaande 2025, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 94.

Alhassan dantata e ɓiɓɓe mum
Dantata hoosi ardungal kuugal Alhassan Dantata and Sons nder hitaande 1960. Baaba maako sosi ɗum bana hukuuma marsandiis ngam soodugo nyaamdu lesdi, kolanut e marsandiisji seɗɗa, Dantata ɓaawo man o waɗi ceede nder yoga e hukuumaaji janani gollotooɗi haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Hakkunde 1960 e 1980, nde gollorii ko ɗeeɗoo diwanuuji : Diɗɗal mahngo e mahngo ngal kontraaji mum mbaɗi Akademi Defense to Kaduna, ɓeydugol to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello to Zaria e duɗal janngingol aviation siwil to Zaria. Division Merchandise sosaande e cakkital kitaale 1970 ina sooda kaɓirɗe mahdi ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya. Sosiyetee Northern Amalgamated e Marketing Company Limited, ndee fedde ina jogii pecce ɗiɗi mawɗe, fedde fertilizer ɓurnde heewde rokkude laamuuji e fedde karallaagal njulaagu jeneratooruuji WARD e kaɓirɗe mahngo Barford.Firme ndee ina joginoo fedde jogiinde dillere Mercedes Benz e fedde woɗnde joginoonde Port Warri to terminal. E kitaale 1990, fedde ndee wayliima no feewi, wonti Fedde Dantata e ɓeydagol ngalu e ƴeewndo petroŋ rewrude e Express Petroleum.

Filantropi
Dantata hokki ceede e mahaaɗe haa hukuumaaji feere-feere haa sera Kano. O rokki opitaal janngirde Aminu Kano nokku ƴeewndo ƴiiƴam Alhassan Dantata. Kanko woni hooreejo gadano duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Al-Qalam, to Katsina.

Ƴeew kadi
Doggol yimɓe Hausa en
Tuugnorgal</text>
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      <text bytes="4308" sha1="cnb6bjmqokmeys5dirfdzxn3oxf5sbo" xml:space="preserve">'''Aminu Alhassan Dantata''' (ListenR; 19 mee 1931 – 28 suwee 2025) ko jom ngalu e balloowo yimɓe leydi Najeriya, jeyaaɗo e ƴellitooɓe Fooyre Ɓamtaare Kano, fedde dokkal ballitoore eɓɓooji jaŋde e rokkude dokke to bannge njulaagu tokoosi to Kano. Ko kanko woni hooreejo fedde sosiyeteeji toppitiiɗi jeyi leydi makko e golle njulaagu goɗɗe.

Aminu Alhassan Dantata woni sosɗo sosiyetee petroŋ e gaas, kadi ko gooto e yuɓɓinɓe banke Jaiz to leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1978, o jeyaa ko e Diɗɗal Ngenndiwal, fedde nde caggal mum wayliima wonti Lannda Ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer.

== Ɓawo ==
Dantata jibinaa ko e galle Alhassan Dantata, mo ummorii ko e galle njulaagu Agalawa, mawniiko Aminu Dantata ina wiyee Abdullahi tawi mawniiko gorko ina wiyee Baba Talatin, njulaagu alɗuɗo, gardinooɗo galle oo gila Katsina haa Madobi caggal maayde baaba mum Ali. Mawniiko Aminu Dantata, Abdullahi, jokki golle mum gila Madobi haa hitaande 1877 nde o ummii o yahi Gonja, debbo makko jibini Alhassan Dantata, baaba Aminu to nokku (Zango) Bebeji. Nde o arti e yahdu o felliti woppude Madobi, o fayi Bebeji. Aminu Dantata ko ɓiɗɗo sappo e joyaɓo e nder galle sukaaɓe sappo e njeeɗiɗo. Tuggi 1938 haa 1945, o janngi to duɗal leslesal Dala, caggal ɗuum o timmini jaŋde makko e jaŋde galle e nder duɗal keeringal ngal baaba makko mahi e hitaande 1949. Caggal jaŋde makko, o naati e njulaagu galle, Alhassan Dantata &amp; sons, e hitaande 1948 o woni soodoowo geɗe marritt e kadi go. E hitaande 1955, o woni gardiiɗo diiwaan Sokoto e njulaagu nguu. Hitaande 1955 kadi ko nde baaba makko maayi, caggal ɗuum geɗal e nder njulaagu nguu renndinaa e sukaaɓe ɓee. E hitaande 1958, Dantata wonti cukko hooreejo fedde nde e miñiiko Ahmadu, ko kanko wonnoo MD. Nde Ahmadu sankii e hitaande 1960, Dantata woni hooreejo njulaagu nguu.

Duuɓi ɗuɗɗi, Dantata yaajini jokkirgol filu e kuuɗe maako nder kuuɗe feere-feere nder siyaasaaku e faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960, Dantata ina joginoo fedde mahngo heɓnde ballal laamu kesu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, fedde makko rokkaama kontraa ngam mahde feccere e Duɗal Aviation to Zaria. E hitaande 1961, o jeyaa ko e jom en njulaagu tato woɗɓe e nder fedde 23 terɗe fedde faggudu, fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore nde laamu jeytaare leydi Najeriya neldi. E hitaande 1964, o jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe yiilirde (board) pioneer Banke ƴellitaare gollorɗe leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1968, Dantata toɗɗaa komisariyaajo diiwaan Kano ngam ƴellitaare faggudu, njulaagu e njulaagu e les njiimaandi Audu Bako, o woni e oon nokku haa hitaande 1973.

E nder yonta njiimaandi 1970, fedde Dantata soodi geɗe keewɗe, joginoo geɗe keewɗe e nder Mentholatum, SCOA, Funtua Cotton Crushing Seed Co e Raleigh Industries.

Dantata sankii ko ñalnde 28 lewru juko hitaande 2025, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 94.

Alhassan dantata e ɓiɓɓe mum
Dantata hoosi ardungal kuugal Alhassan Dantata and Sons nder hitaande 1960. Baaba maako sosi ɗum bana hukuuma marsandiis ngam soodugo nyaamdu lesdi, kolanut e marsandiisji seɗɗa, Dantata ɓaawo man o waɗi ceede nder yoga e hukuumaaji janani gollotooɗi haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Hakkunde 1960 e 1980, nde gollorii ko ɗeeɗoo diwanuuji : Diɗɗal mahngo e mahngo ngal kontraaji mum mbaɗi Akademi Defense to Kaduna, ɓeydugol to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello to Zaria e duɗal janngingol aviation siwil to Zaria. Division Merchandise sosaande e cakkital kitaale 1970 ina sooda kaɓirɗe mahdi ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya. Sosiyetee Northern Amalgamated e Marketing Company Limited, ndee fedde ina jogii pecce ɗiɗi mawɗe, fedde fertilizer ɓurnde heewde rokkude laamuuji e fedde karallaagal njulaagu jeneratooruuji WARD e kaɓirɗe mahngo Barford.Firme ndee ina joginoo fedde jogiinde dillere Mercedes Benz e fedde woɗnde joginoonde Port Warri to terminal. E kitaale 1990, fedde ndee wayliima no feewi, wonti Fedde Dantata e ɓeydagol ngalu e ƴeewndo petroŋ rewrude e Express Petroleum.

== Filantropi ==
Dantata hokki ceede e mahaaɗe haa hukuumaaji feere-feere haa sera Kano. O rokki opitaal janngirde Aminu Kano nokku ƴeewndo ƴiiƴam Alhassan Dantata. Kanko woni hooreejo gadano duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Al-Qalam, to Katsina.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol yimɓe Hausa en

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Aminu Alhassan Dantata''' (ListenR; 19 mee 1931 – 28 suwee 2025) ko jom ngalu e balloowo yimɓe leydi Najeriya, jeyaaɗo e ƴellitooɓe Fooyre Ɓamtaare Kano, fedde dokkal ballitoore eɓɓooji jaŋde e rokkude dokke to bannge njulaagu tokoosi to Kano. Ko kanko woni hooreejo fedde sosiyeteeji toppitiiɗi jeyi leydi makko e golle njulaagu goɗɗe.

Aminu Alhassan Dantata woni sosɗo sosiyetee petroŋ e gaas, kadi ko gooto e yuɓɓinɓe banke Jaiz to leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1978, o jeyaa ko e Diɗɗal Ngenndiwal, fedde nde caggal mum wayliima wonti Lannda Ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer.

== Ɓawo ==
Dantata jibinaa ko e galle Alhassan Dantata, mo ummorii ko e galle njulaagu Agalawa, mawniiko Aminu Dantata ina wiyee Abdullahi tawi mawniiko gorko ina wiyee Baba Talatin, njulaagu alɗuɗo, gardinooɗo galle oo gila Katsina haa Madobi caggal maayde baaba mum Ali. Mawniiko Aminu Dantata, Abdullahi, jokki golle mum gila Madobi haa hitaande 1877 nde o ummii o yahi Gonja, debbo makko jibini Alhassan Dantata, baaba Aminu to nokku (Zango) Bebeji. Nde o arti e yahdu o felliti woppude Madobi, o fayi Bebeji. Aminu Dantata ko ɓiɗɗo sappo e joyaɓo e nder galle sukaaɓe sappo e njeeɗiɗo. Tuggi 1938 haa 1945, o janngi to duɗal leslesal Dala, caggal ɗuum o timmini jaŋde makko e jaŋde galle e nder duɗal keeringal ngal baaba makko mahi e hitaande 1949. Caggal jaŋde makko, o naati e njulaagu galle, Alhassan Dantata &amp; sons, e hitaande 1948 o woni soodoowo geɗe marritt e kadi go. E hitaande 1955, o woni gardiiɗo diiwaan Sokoto e njulaagu nguu. Hitaande 1955 kadi ko nde baaba makko maayi, caggal ɗuum geɗal e nder njulaagu nguu renndinaa e sukaaɓe ɓee. E hitaande 1958, Dantata wonti cukko hooreejo fedde nde e miñiiko Ahmadu, ko kanko wonnoo MD. Nde Ahmadu sankii e hitaande 1960, Dantata woni hooreejo njulaagu nguu.

Duuɓi ɗuɗɗi, Dantata yaajini jokkirgol filu e kuuɗe maako nder kuuɗe feere-feere nder siyaasaaku e faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960, Dantata ina joginoo fedde mahngo heɓnde ballal laamu kesu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, fedde makko rokkaama kontraa ngam mahde feccere e Duɗal Aviation to Zaria. E hitaande 1961, o jeyaa ko e jom en njulaagu tato woɗɓe e nder fedde 23 terɗe fedde faggudu, fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore nde laamu jeytaare leydi Najeriya neldi. E hitaande 1964, o jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe yiilirde (board) pioneer Banke ƴellitaare gollorɗe leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1968, Dantata toɗɗaa komisariyaajo diiwaan Kano ngam ƴellitaare faggudu, njulaagu e njulaagu e les njiimaandi Audu Bako, o woni e oon nokku haa hitaande 1973.

E nder yonta njiimaandi 1970, fedde Dantata soodi geɗe keewɗe, joginoo geɗe keewɗe e nder Mentholatum, SCOA, Funtua Cotton Crushing Seed Co e Raleigh Industries.

Dantata sankii ko ñalnde 28 lewru juko hitaande 2025, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 94.

Alhassan dantata e ɓiɓɓe mum
Dantata hoosi ardungal kuugal Alhassan Dantata and Sons nder hitaande 1960. Baaba maako sosi ɗum bana hukuuma marsandiis ngam soodugo nyaamdu lesdi, kolanut e marsandiisji seɗɗa, Dantata ɓaawo man o waɗi ceede nder yoga e hukuumaaji janani gollotooɗi haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Hakkunde 1960 e 1980, nde gollorii ko ɗeeɗoo diwanuuji : Diɗɗal mahngo e mahngo ngal kontraaji mum mbaɗi Akademi Defense to Kaduna, ɓeydugol to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello to Zaria e duɗal janngingol aviation siwil to Zaria. Division Merchandise sosaande e cakkital kitaale 1970 ina sooda kaɓirɗe mahdi ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya. Sosiyetee Northern Amalgamated e Marketing Company Limited, ndee fedde ina jogii pecce ɗiɗi mawɗe, fedde fertilizer ɓurnde heewde rokkude laamuuji e fedde karallaagal njulaagu jeneratooruuji WARD e kaɓirɗe mahngo Barford.Firme ndee ina joginoo fedde jogiinde dillere Mercedes Benz e fedde woɗnde joginoonde Port Warri to terminal. E kitaale 1990, fedde ndee wayliima no feewi, wonti Fedde Dantata e ɓeydagol ngalu e ƴeewndo petroŋ rewrude e Express Petroleum.

== Filantropi ==
Dantata hokki ceede e mahaaɗe haa hukuumaaji feere-feere haa sera Kano. O rokki opitaal janngirde Aminu Kano nokku ƴeewndo ƴiiƴam Alhassan Dantata. Kanko woni hooreejo gadano duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Al-Qalam, to Katsina.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol yimɓe Hausa en

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'''Aminu Alhassan Dantata''' (ListenR; 19 mee 1931 – 28 suwee 2025) ko jom ngalu e balloowo yimɓe leydi Najeriya, jeyaaɗo e ƴellitooɓe Fooyre Ɓamtaare Kano, fedde dokkal ballitoore eɓɓooji jaŋde e rokkude dokke to bannge njulaagu tokoosi to Kano. Ko kanko woni hooreejo fedde sosiyeteeji toppitiiɗi jeyi leydi makko e golle njulaagu goɗɗe.&lt;ref&gt;Lucas, J. (1994). The State, Civil Society and Regional Elites: A Study of Three Associations in Kano, Nigeria. African Affairs, 93(370), 21–38. Retrieved from Jstor. Pp. 24–26&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ajiboye|first=J|date=2025-06-28|title=Aminu Dantata Biography: Death, Hometown, Children, Wife, Family|url=https://livestoriesblog.com/aminu-dantata-biography/|access-date=2025-06-28|website=LiveStoriesBlog|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://peopleandpowerngr.com/2016/06/alhassan-dantatas-long-vibrant-legacy/|title=Alhassan Dantata's Long, Vibrant And Undying Legacy|date=2 June 2016|website=People &amp; Power|language=en-US|access-date=22 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aminu Alhassan Dantata woni sosɗo sosiyetee petroŋ e gaas, kadi ko gooto e yuɓɓinɓe banke Jaiz to leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1978, o jeyaa ko e Diɗɗal Ngenndiwal, fedde nde caggal mum wayliima wonti Lannda Ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer.

== Ɓawo ==
Dantata jibinaa ko e galle Alhassan Dantata, mo ummorii ko e galle njulaagu Agalawa, mawniiko Aminu Dantata ina wiyee Abdullahi tawi mawniiko gorko ina wiyee Baba Talatin, njulaagu alɗuɗo, gardinooɗo galle oo gila Katsina haa Madobi caggal maayde baaba mum Ali. Mawniiko Aminu Dantata, Abdullahi, jokki golle mum gila Madobi haa hitaande 1877 nde o ummii o yahi Gonja, debbo makko jibini Alhassan Dantata, baaba Aminu to nokku (Zango) Bebeji. Nde o arti e yahdu o felliti woppude Madobi, o fayi Bebeji. Aminu Dantata ko ɓiɗɗo sappo e joyaɓo e nder galle sukaaɓe sappo e njeeɗiɗo. Tuggi 1938 haa 1945, o janngi to duɗal leslesal Dala, caggal ɗuum o timmini jaŋde makko e jaŋde galle e nder duɗal keeringal ngal baaba makko mahi e hitaande 1949. Caggal jaŋde makko, o naati e njulaagu galle, Alhassan Dantata &amp; sons, e hitaande 1948 o woni soodoowo geɗe marritt e kadi go. E hitaande 1955, o woni gardiiɗo diiwaan Sokoto e njulaagu nguu. Hitaande 1955 kadi ko nde baaba makko maayi, caggal ɗuum geɗal e nder njulaagu nguu renndinaa e sukaaɓe ɓee. E hitaande 1958, Dantata wonti cukko hooreejo fedde nde e miñiiko Ahmadu, ko kanko wonnoo MD. Nde Ahmadu sankii e hitaande 1960, Dantata woni hooreejo njulaagu nguu.

Duuɓi ɗuɗɗi, Dantata yaajini jokkirgol filu e kuuɗe maako nder kuuɗe feere-feere nder siyaasaaku e faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960, Dantata ina joginoo fedde mahngo heɓnde ballal laamu kesu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, fedde makko rokkaama kontraa ngam mahde feccere e Duɗal Aviation to Zaria. E hitaande 1961, o jeyaa ko e jom en njulaagu tato woɗɓe e nder fedde 23 terɗe fedde faggudu, fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore nde laamu jeytaare leydi Najeriya neldi. E hitaande 1964, o jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe yiilirde (board) pioneer Banke ƴellitaare gollorɗe leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1968, Dantata toɗɗaa komisariyaajo diiwaan Kano ngam ƴellitaare faggudu, njulaagu e njulaagu e les njiimaandi Audu Bako, o woni e oon nokku haa hitaande 1973.

E nder yonta njiimaandi 1970, fedde Dantata soodi geɗe keewɗe, joginoo geɗe keewɗe e nder Mentholatum, SCOA, Funtua Cotton Crushing Seed Co e Raleigh Industries.

Dantata sankii ko ñalnde 28 lewru juko hitaande 2025, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 94.

Alhassan dantata e ɓiɓɓe mum
Dantata hoosi ardungal kuugal Alhassan Dantata and Sons nder hitaande 1960. Baaba maako sosi ɗum bana hukuuma marsandiis ngam soodugo nyaamdu lesdi, kolanut e marsandiisji seɗɗa, Dantata ɓaawo man o waɗi ceede nder yoga e hukuumaaji janani gollotooɗi haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Hakkunde 1960 e 1980, nde gollorii ko ɗeeɗoo diwanuuji : Diɗɗal mahngo e mahngo ngal kontraaji mum mbaɗi Akademi Defense to Kaduna, ɓeydugol to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello to Zaria e duɗal janngingol aviation siwil to Zaria. Division Merchandise sosaande e cakkital kitaale 1970 ina sooda kaɓirɗe mahdi ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya. Sosiyetee Northern Amalgamated e Marketing Company Limited, ndee fedde ina jogii pecce ɗiɗi mawɗe, fedde fertilizer ɓurnde heewde rokkude laamuuji e fedde karallaagal njulaagu jeneratooruuji WARD e kaɓirɗe mahngo Barford.Firme ndee ina joginoo fedde jogiinde dillere Mercedes Benz e fedde woɗnde joginoonde Port Warri to terminal. E kitaale 1990, fedde ndee wayliima no feewi, wonti Fedde Dantata e ɓeydagol ngalu e ƴeewndo petroŋ rewrude e Express Petroleum.

== Filantropi ==
Dantata hokki ceede e mahaaɗe haa hukuumaaji feere-feere haa sera Kano. O rokki opitaal janngirde Aminu Kano nokku ƴeewndo ƴiiƴam Alhassan Dantata. Kanko woni hooreejo gadano duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Al-Qalam, to Katsina.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol yimɓe Hausa en

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Aminu Alhassan Dantata''' (ListenR; 19 mee 1931 – 28 suwee 2025) ko jom ngalu e balloowo yimɓe leydi Najeriya, jeyaaɗo e ƴellitooɓe Fooyre Ɓamtaare Kano, fedde dokkal ballitoore eɓɓooji jaŋde e rokkude dokke to bannge njulaagu tokoosi to Kano. Ko kanko woni hooreejo fedde sosiyeteeji toppitiiɗi jeyi leydi makko e golle njulaagu goɗɗe.&lt;ref&gt;Lucas, J. (1994). The State, Civil Society and Regional Elites: A Study of Three Associations in Kano, Nigeria. African Affairs, 93(370), 21–38. Retrieved from Jstor. Pp. 24–26&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ajiboye|first=J|date=2025-06-28|title=Aminu Dantata Biography: Death, Hometown, Children, Wife, Family|url=https://livestoriesblog.com/aminu-dantata-biography/|access-date=2025-06-28|website=LiveStoriesBlog|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://peopleandpowerngr.com/2016/06/alhassan-dantatas-long-vibrant-legacy/|title=Alhassan Dantata's Long, Vibrant And Undying Legacy|date=2 June 2016|website=People &amp; Power|language=en-US|access-date=22 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aminu Alhassan Dantata woni sosɗo sosiyetee petroŋ e gaas, kadi ko gooto e yuɓɓinɓe banke Jaiz to leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1978, o jeyaa ko e Diɗɗal Ngenndiwal, fedde nde caggal mum wayliima wonti Lannda Ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer.&lt;ref&gt;Labinjoh, J. (1981). The National Party of Nigeria: A Study in the Social Origins of a Ruling Organization. Africa Spectrum, 16(2), 193–201. Pp. 194. Retrieved from Jstor.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ɓawo ==
Dantata jibinaa ko e galle Alhassan Dantata, mo ummorii ko e galle njulaagu Agalawa, mawniiko Aminu Dantata ina wiyee Abdullahi tawi mawniiko gorko ina wiyee Baba Talatin, njulaagu alɗuɗo, gardinooɗo galle oo gila Katsina haa Madobi caggal maayde baaba mum Ali. Mawniiko Aminu Dantata, Abdullahi, jokki golle mum gila Madobi haa hitaande 1877 nde o ummii o yahi Gonja, debbo makko jibini Alhassan Dantata, baaba Aminu to nokku (Zango) Bebeji. Nde o arti e yahdu o felliti woppude Madobi, o fayi Bebeji. Aminu Dantata ko ɓiɗɗo sappo e joyaɓo e nder galle sukaaɓe sappo e njeeɗiɗo. Tuggi 1938 haa 1945, o janngi to duɗal leslesal Dala, caggal ɗuum o timmini jaŋde makko e jaŋde galle e nder duɗal keeringal ngal baaba makko mahi e hitaande 1949. Caggal jaŋde makko, o naati e njulaagu galle, Alhassan Dantata &amp; sons, e hitaande 1948 o woni soodoowo geɗe marritt e kadi go. E hitaande 1955, o woni gardiiɗo diiwaan Sokoto e njulaagu nguu. Hitaande 1955 kadi ko nde baaba makko maayi, caggal ɗuum geɗal e nder njulaagu nguu renndinaa e sukaaɓe ɓee. E hitaande 1958, Dantata wonti cukko hooreejo fedde nde e miñiiko Ahmadu, ko kanko wonnoo MD. Nde Ahmadu sankii e hitaande 1960, Dantata woni hooreejo njulaagu nguu.

Duuɓi ɗuɗɗi, Dantata yaajini jokkirgol filu e kuuɗe maako nder kuuɗe feere-feere nder siyaasaaku e faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960, Dantata ina joginoo fedde mahngo heɓnde ballal laamu kesu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, fedde makko rokkaama kontraa ngam mahde feccere e Duɗal Aviation to Zaria. E hitaande 1961, o jeyaa ko e jom en njulaagu tato woɗɓe e nder fedde 23 terɗe fedde faggudu, fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore nde laamu jeytaare leydi Najeriya neldi. E hitaande 1964, o jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe yiilirde (board) pioneer Banke ƴellitaare gollorɗe leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1968, Dantata toɗɗaa komisariyaajo diiwaan Kano ngam ƴellitaare faggudu, njulaagu e njulaagu e les njiimaandi Audu Bako, o woni e oon nokku haa hitaande 1973.

E nder yonta njiimaandi 1970, fedde Dantata soodi geɗe keewɗe, joginoo geɗe keewɗe e nder Mentholatum, SCOA, Funtua Cotton Crushing Seed Co e Raleigh Industries.

Dantata sankii ko ñalnde 28 lewru juko hitaande 2025, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 94.

Alhassan dantata e ɓiɓɓe mum
Dantata hoosi ardungal kuugal Alhassan Dantata and Sons nder hitaande 1960. Baaba maako sosi ɗum bana hukuuma marsandiis ngam soodugo nyaamdu lesdi, kolanut e marsandiisji seɗɗa, Dantata ɓaawo man o waɗi ceede nder yoga e hukuumaaji janani gollotooɗi haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Hakkunde 1960 e 1980, nde gollorii ko ɗeeɗoo diwanuuji : Diɗɗal mahngo e mahngo ngal kontraaji mum mbaɗi Akademi Defense to Kaduna, ɓeydugol to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello to Zaria e duɗal janngingol aviation siwil to Zaria. Division Merchandise sosaande e cakkital kitaale 1970 ina sooda kaɓirɗe mahdi ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya. Sosiyetee Northern Amalgamated e Marketing Company Limited, ndee fedde ina jogii pecce ɗiɗi mawɗe, fedde fertilizer ɓurnde heewde rokkude laamuuji e fedde karallaagal njulaagu jeneratooruuji WARD e kaɓirɗe mahngo Barford.Firme ndee ina joginoo fedde jogiinde dillere Mercedes Benz e fedde woɗnde joginoonde Port Warri to terminal. E kitaale 1990, fedde ndee wayliima no feewi, wonti Fedde Dantata e ɓeydagol ngalu e ƴeewndo petroŋ rewrude e Express Petroleum.

== Filantropi ==
Dantata hokki ceede e mahaaɗe haa hukuumaaji feere-feere haa sera Kano. O rokki opitaal janngirde Aminu Kano nokku ƴeewndo ƴiiƴam Alhassan Dantata. Kanko woni hooreejo gadano duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Al-Qalam, to Katsina.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol yimɓe Hausa en

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Aminu Alhassan Dantata''' (ListenR; 19 mee 1931 – 28 suwee 2025) ko jom ngalu e balloowo yimɓe leydi Najeriya, jeyaaɗo e ƴellitooɓe Fooyre Ɓamtaare Kano, fedde dokkal ballitoore eɓɓooji jaŋde e rokkude dokke to bannge njulaagu tokoosi to Kano. Ko kanko woni hooreejo fedde sosiyeteeji toppitiiɗi jeyi leydi makko e golle njulaagu goɗɗe.&lt;ref&gt;Lucas, J. (1994). The State, Civil Society and Regional Elites: A Study of Three Associations in Kano, Nigeria. African Affairs, 93(370), 21–38. Retrieved from Jstor. Pp. 24–26&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ajiboye|first=J|date=2025-06-28|title=Aminu Dantata Biography: Death, Hometown, Children, Wife, Family|url=https://livestoriesblog.com/aminu-dantata-biography/|access-date=2025-06-28|website=LiveStoriesBlog|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://peopleandpowerngr.com/2016/06/alhassan-dantatas-long-vibrant-legacy/|title=Alhassan Dantata's Long, Vibrant And Undying Legacy|date=2 June 2016|website=People &amp; Power|language=en-US|access-date=22 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aminu Alhassan Dantata woni sosɗo sosiyetee petroŋ e gaas, kadi ko gooto e yuɓɓinɓe banke Jaiz to leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1978, o jeyaa ko e Diɗɗal Ngenndiwal, fedde nde caggal mum wayliima wonti Lannda Ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer.&lt;ref&gt;Labinjoh, J. (1981). The National Party of Nigeria: A Study in the Social Origins of a Ruling Organization. Africa Spectrum, 16(2), 193–201. Pp. 194. Retrieved from Jstor.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ɓawo ==
Dantata jibinaa ko e galle Alhassan Dantata, mo ummorii ko e galle njulaagu Agalawa, mawniiko Aminu Dantata ina wiyee Abdullahi tawi mawniiko gorko ina wiyee Baba Talatin, njulaagu alɗuɗo, gardinooɗo galle oo gila Katsina haa Madobi caggal maayde baaba mum Ali. Mawniiko Aminu Dantata, Abdullahi, jokki golle mum gila Madobi haa hitaande 1877 nde o ummii o yahi Gonja, debbo makko jibini Alhassan Dantata, baaba Aminu to nokku (Zango) Bebeji. Nde o arti e yahdu o felliti woppude Madobi, o fayi Bebeji. Aminu Dantata ko ɓiɗɗo sappo e joyaɓo e nder galle sukaaɓe sappo e njeeɗiɗo. Tuggi 1938 haa 1945, o janngi to duɗal leslesal Dala, caggal ɗuum o timmini jaŋde makko e jaŋde galle e nder duɗal keeringal ngal baaba makko mahi e hitaande 1949. Caggal jaŋde makko, o naati e njulaagu galle, Alhassan Dantata &amp; sons, e hitaande 1948 o woni soodoowo geɗe marritt e kadi go. E hitaande 1955, o woni gardiiɗo diiwaan Sokoto e njulaagu nguu. Hitaande 1955 kadi ko nde baaba makko maayi, caggal ɗuum geɗal e nder njulaagu nguu renndinaa e sukaaɓe ɓee. E hitaande 1958, Dantata wonti cukko hooreejo fedde nde e miñiiko Ahmadu, ko kanko wonnoo MD. Nde Ahmadu sankii e hitaande 1960, Dantata woni hooreejo njulaagu nguu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=May 1978|title=Alhaji Aminu Dantata|journal=Happy Home.|language=en|publisher=Punch|oclc=30583416}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Duuɓi ɗuɗɗi, Dantata yaajini jokkirgol filu e kuuɗe maako nder kuuɗe feere-feere nder siyaasaaku e faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960, Dantata ina joginoo fedde mahngo heɓnde ballal laamu kesu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, fedde makko rokkaama kontraa ngam mahde feccere e Duɗal Aviation to Zaria. E hitaande 1961, o jeyaa ko e jom en njulaagu tato woɗɓe e nder fedde 23 terɗe fedde faggudu, fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore nde laamu jeytaare leydi Najeriya neldi. E hitaande 1964, o jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe yiilirde (board) pioneer Banke ƴellitaare gollorɗe leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1968, Dantata toɗɗaa komisariyaajo diiwaan Kano ngam ƴellitaare faggudu, njulaagu e njulaagu e les njiimaandi Audu Bako, o woni e oon nokku haa hitaande 1973.

E nder yonta njiimaandi 1970, fedde Dantata soodi geɗe keewɗe, joginoo geɗe keewɗe e nder Mentholatum, SCOA, Funtua Cotton Crushing Seed Co e Raleigh Industries.

Dantata sankii ko ñalnde 28 lewru juko hitaande 2025, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 94.

Alhassan dantata e ɓiɓɓe mum
Dantata hoosi ardungal kuugal Alhassan Dantata and Sons nder hitaande 1960. Baaba maako sosi ɗum bana hukuuma marsandiis ngam soodugo nyaamdu lesdi, kolanut e marsandiisji seɗɗa, Dantata ɓaawo man o waɗi ceede nder yoga e hukuumaaji janani gollotooɗi haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Hakkunde 1960 e 1980, nde gollorii ko ɗeeɗoo diwanuuji : Diɗɗal mahngo e mahngo ngal kontraaji mum mbaɗi Akademi Defense to Kaduna, ɓeydugol to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello to Zaria e duɗal janngingol aviation siwil to Zaria. Division Merchandise sosaande e cakkital kitaale 1970 ina sooda kaɓirɗe mahdi ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya. Sosiyetee Northern Amalgamated e Marketing Company Limited, ndee fedde ina jogii pecce ɗiɗi mawɗe, fedde fertilizer ɓurnde heewde rokkude laamuuji e fedde karallaagal njulaagu jeneratooruuji WARD e kaɓirɗe mahngo Barford.Firme ndee ina joginoo fedde jogiinde dillere Mercedes Benz e fedde woɗnde joginoonde Port Warri to terminal. E kitaale 1990, fedde ndee wayliima no feewi, wonti Fedde Dantata e ɓeydagol ngalu e ƴeewndo petroŋ rewrude e Express Petroleum.

== Filantropi ==
Dantata hokki ceede e mahaaɗe haa hukuumaaji feere-feere haa sera Kano. O rokki opitaal janngirde Aminu Kano nokku ƴeewndo ƴiiƴam Alhassan Dantata. Kanko woni hooreejo gadano duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Al-Qalam, to Katsina.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol yimɓe Hausa en

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'''Aminu Alhassan Dantata''' (ListenR; 19 mee 1931 – 28 suwee 2025) ko jom ngalu e balloowo yimɓe leydi Najeriya, jeyaaɗo e ƴellitooɓe Fooyre Ɓamtaare Kano, fedde dokkal ballitoore eɓɓooji jaŋde e rokkude dokke to bannge njulaagu tokoosi to Kano. Ko kanko woni hooreejo fedde sosiyeteeji toppitiiɗi jeyi leydi makko e golle njulaagu goɗɗe.&lt;ref&gt;Lucas, J. (1994). The State, Civil Society and Regional Elites: A Study of Three Associations in Kano, Nigeria. African Affairs, 93(370), 21–38. Retrieved from Jstor. Pp. 24–26&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ajiboye|first=J|date=2025-06-28|title=Aminu Dantata Biography: Death, Hometown, Children, Wife, Family|url=https://livestoriesblog.com/aminu-dantata-biography/|access-date=2025-06-28|website=LiveStoriesBlog|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://peopleandpowerngr.com/2016/06/alhassan-dantatas-long-vibrant-legacy/|title=Alhassan Dantata's Long, Vibrant And Undying Legacy|date=2 June 2016|website=People &amp; Power|language=en-US|access-date=22 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aminu Alhassan Dantata woni sosɗo sosiyetee petroŋ e gaas, kadi ko gooto e yuɓɓinɓe banke Jaiz to leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1978, o jeyaa ko e Diɗɗal Ngenndiwal, fedde nde caggal mum wayliima wonti Lannda Ngenndiijo leydi Nijeer.&lt;ref&gt;Labinjoh, J. (1981). The National Party of Nigeria: A Study in the Social Origins of a Ruling Organization. Africa Spectrum, 16(2), 193–201. Pp. 194. Retrieved from Jstor.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ɓawo ==
Dantata jibinaa ko e galle Alhassan Dantata, mo ummorii ko e galle njulaagu Agalawa, mawniiko Aminu Dantata ina wiyee Abdullahi tawi mawniiko gorko ina wiyee Baba Talatin, njulaagu alɗuɗo, gardinooɗo galle oo gila Katsina haa Madobi caggal maayde baaba mum Ali. Mawniiko Aminu Dantata, Abdullahi, jokki golle mum gila Madobi haa hitaande 1877 nde o ummii o yahi Gonja, debbo makko jibini Alhassan Dantata, baaba Aminu to nokku (Zango) Bebeji. Nde o arti e yahdu o felliti woppude Madobi, o fayi Bebeji. Aminu Dantata ko ɓiɗɗo sappo e joyaɓo e nder galle sukaaɓe sappo e njeeɗiɗo. Tuggi 1938 haa 1945, o janngi to duɗal leslesal Dala, caggal ɗuum o timmini jaŋde makko e jaŋde galle e nder duɗal keeringal ngal baaba makko mahi e hitaande 1949. Caggal jaŋde makko, o naati e njulaagu galle, Alhassan Dantata &amp; sons, e hitaande 1948 o woni soodoowo geɗe marritt e kadi go. E hitaande 1955, o woni gardiiɗo diiwaan Sokoto e njulaagu nguu. Hitaande 1955 kadi ko nde baaba makko maayi, caggal ɗuum geɗal e nder njulaagu nguu renndinaa e sukaaɓe ɓee. E hitaande 1958, Dantata wonti cukko hooreejo fedde nde e miñiiko Ahmadu, ko kanko wonnoo MD. Nde Ahmadu sankii e hitaande 1960, Dantata woni hooreejo njulaagu nguu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=May 1978|title=Alhaji Aminu Dantata|journal=Happy Home.|language=en|publisher=Punch|oclc=30583416}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Duuɓi ɗuɗɗi, Dantata yaajini jokkirgol filu e kuuɗe maako nder kuuɗe feere-feere nder siyaasaaku e faggudu lesdi Naajeeriya. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1960, Dantata ina joginoo fedde mahngo heɓnde ballal laamu kesu nguu e nder leydi Najeriya, fedde makko rokkaama kontraa ngam mahde feccere e Duɗal Aviation to Zaria. E hitaande 1961, o jeyaa ko e jom en njulaagu tato woɗɓe e nder fedde 23 terɗe fedde faggudu, fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore nde laamu jeytaare leydi Najeriya neldi. E hitaande 1964, o jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe yiilirde (board) pioneer Banke ƴellitaare gollorɗe leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 1968, Dantata toɗɗaa komisariyaajo diiwaan Kano ngam ƴellitaare faggudu, njulaagu e njulaagu e les njiimaandi Audu Bako, o woni e oon nokku haa hitaande 1973.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;1978. &quot;Alhassan Dantata and Sons Limited&quot; advertisement. Financial Times Nigeria Survey. Financial Times. 29 August 1978&lt;/ref&gt; A Merchandise division that was founded in the middle of the 1970s traded in building materials primarily in Northern Nigeria.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;

E nder yonta njiimaandi 1970, fedde Dantata soodi geɗe keewɗe, joginoo geɗe keewɗe e nder Mentholatum, SCOA, Funtua Cotton Crushing Seed Co e Raleigh Industries.

Dantata sankii ko ñalnde 28 lewru juko hitaande 2025, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 94.

Alhassan dantata e ɓiɓɓe mum
Dantata hoosi ardungal kuugal Alhassan Dantata and Sons nder hitaande 1960. Baaba maako sosi ɗum bana hukuuma marsandiis ngam soodugo nyaamdu lesdi, kolanut e marsandiisji seɗɗa, Dantata ɓaawo man o waɗi ceede nder yoga e hukuumaaji janani gollotooɗi haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Hakkunde 1960 e 1980, nde gollorii ko ɗeeɗoo diwanuuji : Diɗɗal mahngo e mahngo ngal kontraaji mum mbaɗi Akademi Defense to Kaduna, ɓeydugol to Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello to Zaria e duɗal janngingol aviation siwil to Zaria. Division Merchandise sosaande e cakkital kitaale 1970 ina sooda kaɓirɗe mahdi ko ɓuri heewde e Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya. Sosiyetee Northern Amalgamated e Marketing Company Limited, ndee fedde ina jogii pecce ɗiɗi mawɗe, fedde fertilizer ɓurnde heewde rokkude laamuuji e fedde karallaagal njulaagu jeneratooruuji WARD e kaɓirɗe mahngo Barford.Firme ndee ina joginoo fedde jogiinde dillere Mercedes Benz e fedde woɗnde joginoonde Port Warri to terminal. E kitaale 1990, fedde ndee wayliima no feewi, wonti Fedde Dantata e ɓeydagol ngalu e ƴeewndo petroŋ rewrude e Express Petroleum.

== Filantropi ==
Dantata hokki ceede e mahaaɗe haa hukuumaaji feere-feere haa sera Kano. O rokki opitaal janngirde Aminu Kano nokku ƴeewndo ƴiiƴam Alhassan Dantata. Kanko woni hooreejo gadano duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Al-Qalam, to Katsina.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol yimɓe Hausa en

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="2144" sha1="3v81aksic4phrpfblb0d70w7x5osql1" xml:space="preserve">HeɗtoⓘSani Zangon Daura laati jaagorɗo ndemri e ɓamtaare lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓaawo man o laati jaagorɗo lesdi Naajeeriya, nder kabine hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya Olusegun Obasanjo. O woppitaa e laamu Obasanjo e nder mbayliigu ñalnde 30 lewru bowte hitaande 2001.

Ɓawo
Sani Zangon Daura ummorii ko e nokku senateeruuji Daura to diiwaan Katsina. O heɓi bak makko ko e Duɗal jaŋde Arab to wuro Kano. O hokkaama bursi ngam o nasta janngirde janngirde Afrik e Fuunaange, London, nder hitaande 1961, ammaa o warti Naajeeriya ko adii o timmina janngirde nden, o nasti janngirde mawnde haa Lagos. Wakkati lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓre nder hitaande 1979, o laati kanndidaajo lesdi Naajeeriya (NPN) ngam suɓol hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, ammaa o fooli Alhaji Lawal Kaita. Kaita noon, foolii wooteeji ɗii e kanndidaa lannda PRP, hono Alhaji Abdulkaadir Balarabe Musa.

Darnde kabine
Toɗɗaaɗo jaagorgal ndema e lewru suwee 1999, Daura hollitii politik wonande sekteer oo, tawi ko e oon sahaa, 38% e PIB leydi Najeriya. Geze ze ina njeyaa heen : veydude peewnugol e vamtaare, vamtaare karallaagal ndema, ustude baasal, vamtaare ndema, vamtaare njeeygu e reende nokkuuji.

E lewru noowammbar 2000, o woniino nulaaɗo leydi Nijeer to batu kuuɓtodinngu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam waylude weeyo, yuɓɓinaangu to Pays-Bas. Daura wonnoo ko hooreejo fedde 77 (G77), fedde nde 133 leydi ƴellitii e Siin. E nder konngol makko mawngol e nder batu nguu, o jeertinii wonde leyɗeele ɓurɗe waasde ɗee, ndartinaani gaasuuji mum en so wonaa tawa leyɗeele alɗuɗe ɗee ina njokki e fodoore mum en e nder nanondiral Kiyoto. Daura wiyi wonde Amerik saabiima « ñawu mbayliigu weeyo » bonngu no koloñaal Afrik nii. Joɗnde ndee dañaani hay njeñtudi.

Caggal golle
Daura wonti tergal e Yiilirde Ngenndiire Fedde Diisnondiral Arewa (ACF), fedde lobbiri Fuɗnaange jogiinde doole. E lewru marse 2006, o jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe ACF, luulndiiɓe no feewi accude hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Obasanjo, ina jogori tawtoreede manndaa tataɓo e hitaande 2007. E lewru desaambar 2008, Daura heɓi njeenaari « Commandant de l’ordre du Niger » (CON).

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HeɗtoⓘSani Zangon Daura laati jaagorɗo ndemri e ɓamtaare lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓaawo man o laati jaagorɗo lesdi Naajeeriya, nder kabine hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya Olusegun Obasanjo. O woppitaa e laamu Obasanjo e nder mbayliigu ñalnde 30 lewru bowte hitaande 2001.

Ɓawo
Sani Zangon Daura ummorii ko e nokku senateeruuji Daura to diiwaan Katsina. O heɓi bak makko ko e Duɗal jaŋde Arab to wuro Kano. O hokkaama bursi ngam o nasta janngirde janngirde Afrik e Fuunaange, London, nder hitaande 1961, ammaa o warti Naajeeriya ko adii o timmina janngirde nden, o nasti janngirde mawnde haa Lagos. Wakkati lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓre nder hitaande 1979, o laati kanndidaajo lesdi Naajeeriya (NPN) ngam suɓol hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, ammaa o fooli Alhaji Lawal Kaita. Kaita noon, foolii wooteeji ɗii e kanndidaa lannda PRP, hono Alhaji Abdulkaadir Balarabe Musa.

Darnde kabine
Toɗɗaaɗo jaagorgal ndema e lewru suwee 1999, Daura hollitii politik wonande sekteer oo, tawi ko e oon sahaa, 38% e PIB leydi Najeriya. Geze ze ina njeyaa heen : veydude peewnugol e vamtaare, vamtaare karallaagal ndema, ustude baasal, vamtaare ndema, vamtaare njeeygu e reende nokkuuji.

E lewru noowammbar 2000, o woniino nulaaɗo leydi Nijeer to batu kuuɓtodinngu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam waylude weeyo, yuɓɓinaangu to Pays-Bas. Daura wonnoo ko hooreejo fedde 77 (G77), fedde nde 133 leydi ƴellitii e Siin. E nder konngol makko mawngol e nder batu nguu, o jeertinii wonde leyɗeele ɓurɗe waasde ɗee, ndartinaani gaasuuji mum en so wonaa tawa leyɗeele alɗuɗe ɗee ina njokki e fodoore mum en e nder nanondiral Kiyoto. Daura wiyi wonde Amerik saabiima « ñawu mbayliigu weeyo » bonngu no koloñaal Afrik nii. Joɗnde ndee dañaani hay njeñtudi.

Caggal golle
Daura wonti tergal e Yiilirde Ngenndiire Fedde Diisnondiral Arewa (ACF), fedde lobbiri Fuɗnaange jogiinde doole. E lewru marse 2006, o jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe ACF, luulndiiɓe no feewi accude hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Obasanjo, ina jogori tawtoreede manndaa tataɓo e hitaande 2007. E lewru desaambar 2008, Daura heɓi njeenaari « Commandant de l’ordre du Niger » (CON).

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'''HeɗtoⓘSani Zangon Daura''' laati jaagorɗo ndemri e ɓamtaare lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓaawo man o laati jaagorɗo lesdi Naajeeriya, nder kabine hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya Olusegun Obasanjo. O woppitaa e laamu Obasanjo e nder mbayliigu ñalnde 30 lewru bowte hitaande 2001.

== Ɓawo ==
Sani Zangon Daura ummorii ko e nokku senateeruuji Daura to diiwaan Katsina. O heɓi bak makko ko e Duɗal jaŋde Arab to wuro Kano. O hokkaama bursi ngam o nasta janngirde janngirde Afrik e Fuunaange, London, nder hitaande 1961, ammaa o warti Naajeeriya ko adii o timmina janngirde nden, o nasti janngirde mawnde haa Lagos. Wakkati lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓre nder hitaande 1979, o laati kanndidaajo lesdi Naajeeriya (NPN) ngam suɓol hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, ammaa o fooli Alhaji Lawal Kaita. Kaita noon, foolii wooteeji ɗii e kanndidaa lannda PRP, hono Alhaji Abdulkaadir Balarabe Musa.

== Darnde kabine ==
Toɗɗaaɗo jaagorgal ndema e lewru suwee 1999, Daura hollitii politik wonande sekteer oo, tawi ko e oon sahaa, 38% e PIB leydi Najeriya. Geze ze ina njeyaa heen : veydude peewnugol e vamtaare, vamtaare karallaagal ndema, ustude baasal, vamtaare ndema, vamtaare njeeygu e reende nokkuuji.

E lewru noowammbar 2000, o woniino nulaaɗo leydi Nijeer to batu kuuɓtodinngu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam waylude weeyo, yuɓɓinaangu to Pays-Bas. Daura wonnoo ko hooreejo fedde 77 (G77), fedde nde 133 leydi ƴellitii e Siin. E nder konngol makko mawngol e nder batu nguu, o jeertinii wonde leyɗeele ɓurɗe waasde ɗee, ndartinaani gaasuuji mum en so wonaa tawa leyɗeele alɗuɗe ɗee ina njokki e fodoore mum en e nder nanondiral Kiyoto. Daura wiyi wonde Amerik saabiima « ñawu mbayliigu weeyo » bonngu no koloñaal Afrik nii. Joɗnde ndee dañaani hay njeñtudi.

== Caggal golle ==
Daura wonti tergal e Yiilirde Ngenndiire Fedde Diisnondiral Arewa (ACF), fedde lobbiri Fuɗnaange jogiinde doole. E lewru marse 2006, o jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe ACF, luulndiiɓe no feewi accude hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Obasanjo, ina jogori tawtoreede manndaa tataɓo e hitaande 2007. E lewru desaambar 2008, Daura heɓi njeenaari « Commandant de l’ordre du Niger » (CON).

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''HeɗtoⓘSani Zangon Daura''' laati jaagorɗo ndemri e ɓamtaare lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓaawo man o laati jaagorɗo lesdi Naajeeriya, nder kabine hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya Olusegun Obasanjo. O woppitaa e laamu Obasanjo e nder mbayliigu ñalnde 30 lewru bowte hitaande 2001.ds.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iisd.ca/climate/cop6/23nov.html|title=Sixth Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change|date=23 November 2000|publisher=The International Institute for Sustainable Development|accessdate=2010-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ɓawo ==
Sani Zangon Daura ummorii ko e nokku senateeruuji Daura to diiwaan Katsina. O heɓi bak makko ko e Duɗal jaŋde Arab to wuro Kano. O hokkaama bursi ngam o nasta janngirde janngirde Afrik e Fuunaange, London, nder hitaande 1961, ammaa o warti Naajeeriya ko adii o timmina janngirde nden, o nasti janngirde mawnde haa Lagos. Wakkati lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓre nder hitaande 1979, o laati kanndidaajo lesdi Naajeeriya (NPN) ngam suɓol hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, ammaa o fooli Alhaji Lawal Kaita. Kaita noon, foolii wooteeji ɗii e kanndidaa lannda PRP, hono Alhaji Abdulkaadir Balarabe Musa.

== Darnde kabine ==
Toɗɗaaɗo jaagorgal ndema e lewru suwee 1999, Daura hollitii politik wonande sekteer oo, tawi ko e oon sahaa, 38% e PIB leydi Najeriya. Geze ze ina njeyaa heen : veydude peewnugol e vamtaare, vamtaare karallaagal ndema, ustude baasal, vamtaare ndema, vamtaare njeeygu e reende nokkuuji.

E lewru noowammbar 2000, o woniino nulaaɗo leydi Nijeer to batu kuuɓtodinngu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam waylude weeyo, yuɓɓinaangu to Pays-Bas. Daura wonnoo ko hooreejo fedde 77 (G77), fedde nde 133 leydi ƴellitii e Siin. E nder konngol makko mawngol e nder batu nguu, o jeertinii wonde leyɗeele ɓurɗe waasde ɗee, ndartinaani gaasuuji mum en so wonaa tawa leyɗeele alɗuɗe ɗee ina njokki e fodoore mum en e nder nanondiral Kiyoto. Daura wiyi wonde Amerik saabiima « ñawu mbayliigu weeyo » bonngu no koloñaal Afrik nii. Joɗnde ndee dañaani hay njeñtudi.

== Caggal golle ==
Daura wonti tergal e Yiilirde Ngenndiire Fedde Diisnondiral Arewa (ACF), fedde lobbiri Fuɗnaange jogiinde doole. E lewru marse 2006, o jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe ACF, luulndiiɓe no feewi accude hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Obasanjo, ina jogori tawtoreede manndaa tataɓo e hitaande 2007. E lewru desaambar 2008, Daura heɓi njeenaari « Commandant de l’ordre du Niger » (CON).

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''HeɗtoⓘSani Zangon Daura''' laati jaagorɗo ndemri e ɓamtaare lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓaawo man o laati jaagorɗo lesdi Naajeeriya, nder kabine hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya Olusegun Obasanjo. O woppitaa e laamu Obasanjo e nder mbayliigu ñalnde 30 lewru bowte hitaande 2001.ds.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iisd.ca/climate/cop6/23nov.html|title=Sixth Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change|date=23 November 2000|publisher=The International Institute for Sustainable Development|accessdate=2010-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ɓawo ==
Sani Zangon Daura ummorii ko e nokku senateeruuji Daura to diiwaan Katsina. O heɓi bak makko ko e Duɗal jaŋde Arab to wuro Kano. O hokkaama bursi ngam o nasta janngirde janngirde Afrik e Fuunaange, London, nder hitaande 1961, ammaa o warti Naajeeriya ko adii o timmina janngirde nden, o nasti janngirde mawnde haa Lagos. Wakkati lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓre nder hitaande 1979, o laati kanndidaajo lesdi Naajeeriya (NPN) ngam suɓol hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, ammaa o fooli Alhaji Lawal Kaita. Kaita noon, foolii wooteeji ɗii e kanndidaa lannda PRP, hono Alhaji Abdulkaadir Balarabe Musa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-nov-27-me-57724-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|title=More Than Just Hot Words|date=November 27, 2000|access-date=2010-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Darnde kabine ==
Toɗɗaaɗo jaagorgal ndema e lewru suwee 1999, Daura hollitii politik wonande sekteer oo, tawi ko e oon sahaa, 38% e PIB leydi Najeriya. Geze ze ina njeyaa heen : veydude peewnugol e vamtaare, vamtaare karallaagal ndema, ustude baasal, vamtaare ndema, vamtaare njeeygu e reende nokkuuji.

E lewru noowammbar 2000, o woniino nulaaɗo leydi Nijeer to batu kuuɓtodinngu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam waylude weeyo, yuɓɓinaangu to Pays-Bas. Daura wonnoo ko hooreejo fedde 77 (G77), fedde nde 133 leydi ƴellitii e Siin. E nder konngol makko mawngol e nder batu nguu, o jeertinii wonde leyɗeele ɓurɗe waasde ɗee, ndartinaani gaasuuji mum en so wonaa tawa leyɗeele alɗuɗe ɗee ina njokki e fodoore mum en e nder nanondiral Kiyoto. Daura wiyi wonde Amerik saabiima « ñawu mbayliigu weeyo » bonngu no koloñaal Afrik nii. Joɗnde ndee dañaani hay njeñtudi.

== Caggal golle ==
Daura wonti tergal e Yiilirde Ngenndiire Fedde Diisnondiral Arewa (ACF), fedde lobbiri Fuɗnaange jogiinde doole. E lewru marse 2006, o jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe ACF, luulndiiɓe no feewi accude hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Obasanjo, ina jogori tawtoreede manndaa tataɓo e hitaande 2007. E lewru desaambar 2008, Daura heɓi njeenaari « Commandant de l’ordre du Niger » (CON).

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''HeɗtoⓘSani Zangon Daura''' laati jaagorɗo ndemri e ɓamtaare lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓaawo man o laati jaagorɗo lesdi Naajeeriya, nder kabine hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya Olusegun Obasanjo. O woppitaa e laamu Obasanjo e nder mbayliigu ñalnde 30 lewru bowte hitaande 2001.ds.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iisd.ca/climate/cop6/23nov.html|title=Sixth Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change|date=23 November 2000|publisher=The International Institute for Sustainable Development|accessdate=2010-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ɓawo ==
Sani Zangon Daura ummorii ko e nokku senateeruuji Daura to diiwaan Katsina. O heɓi bak makko ko e Duɗal jaŋde Arab to wuro Kano. O hokkaama bursi ngam o nasta janngirde janngirde Afrik e Fuunaange, London, nder hitaande 1961, ammaa o warti Naajeeriya ko adii o timmina janngirde nden, o nasti janngirde mawnde haa Lagos. Wakkati lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓre nder hitaande 1979, o laati kanndidaajo lesdi Naajeeriya (NPN) ngam suɓol hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, ammaa o fooli Alhaji Lawal Kaita. Kaita noon, foolii wooteeji ɗii e kanndidaa lannda PRP, hono Alhaji Abdulkaadir Balarabe Musa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-nov-27-me-57724-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|title=More Than Just Hot Words|date=November 27, 2000|access-date=2010-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Darnde kabine ==
Toɗɗaaɗo jaagorgal ndema e lewru suwee 1999, Daura hollitii politik wonande sekteer oo, tawi ko e oon sahaa, 38% e PIB leydi Najeriya. Geze ze ina njeyaa heen : veydude peewnugol e vamtaare, vamtaare karallaagal ndema, ustude baasal, vamtaare ndema, vamtaare njeeygu e reende nokkuuji.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-nov-27-me-57724-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|title=More Than Just Hot Words|date=November 27, 2000|access-date=2010-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E lewru noowammbar 2000, o woniino nulaaɗo leydi Nijeer to batu kuuɓtodinngu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam waylude weeyo, yuɓɓinaangu to Pays-Bas. Daura wonnoo ko hooreejo fedde 77 (G77), fedde nde 133 leydi ƴellitii e Siin. E nder konngol makko mawngol e nder batu nguu, o jeertinii wonde leyɗeele ɓurɗe waasde ɗee, ndartinaani gaasuuji mum en so wonaa tawa leyɗeele alɗuɗe ɗee ina njokki e fodoore mum en e nder nanondiral Kiyoto. Daura wiyi wonde Amerik saabiima « ñawu mbayliigu weeyo » bonngu no koloñaal Afrik nii. Joɗnde ndee dañaani hay njeñtudi.

== Caggal golle ==
Daura wonti tergal e Yiilirde Ngenndiire Fedde Diisnondiral Arewa (ACF), fedde lobbiri Fuɗnaange jogiinde doole. E lewru marse 2006, o jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe ACF, luulndiiɓe no feewi accude hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Obasanjo, ina jogori tawtoreede manndaa tataɓo e hitaande 2007. E lewru desaambar 2008, Daura heɓi njeenaari « Commandant de l’ordre du Niger » (CON).

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''HeɗtoⓘSani Zangon Daura''' laati jaagorɗo ndemri e ɓamtaare lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓaawo man o laati jaagorɗo lesdi Naajeeriya, nder kabine hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya Olusegun Obasanjo. O woppitaa e laamu Obasanjo e nder mbayliigu ñalnde 30 lewru bowte hitaande 2001.ds.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iisd.ca/climate/cop6/23nov.html|title=Sixth Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change|date=23 November 2000|publisher=The International Institute for Sustainable Development|accessdate=2010-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ɓawo ==
Sani Zangon Daura ummorii ko e nokku senateeruuji Daura to diiwaan Katsina. O heɓi bak makko ko e Duɗal jaŋde Arab to wuro Kano. O hokkaama bursi ngam o nasta janngirde janngirde Afrik e Fuunaange, London, nder hitaande 1961, ammaa o warti Naajeeriya ko adii o timmina janngirde nden, o nasti janngirde mawnde haa Lagos. Wakkati lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓre nder hitaande 1979, o laati kanndidaajo lesdi Naajeeriya (NPN) ngam suɓol hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, ammaa o fooli Alhaji Lawal Kaita. Kaita noon, foolii wooteeji ɗii e kanndidaa lannda PRP, hono Alhaji Abdulkaadir Balarabe Musa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-nov-27-me-57724-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|title=More Than Just Hot Words|date=November 27, 2000|access-date=2010-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Darnde kabine ==
Toɗɗaaɗo jaagorgal ndema e lewru suwee 1999, Daura hollitii politik wonande sekteer oo, tawi ko e oon sahaa, 38% e PIB leydi Najeriya. Geze ze ina njeyaa heen : veydude peewnugol e vamtaare, vamtaare karallaagal ndema, ustude baasal, vamtaare ndema, vamtaare njeeygu e reende nokkuuji.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-nov-27-me-57724-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|title=More Than Just Hot Words|date=November 27, 2000|access-date=2010-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E lewru noowammbar 2000, o woniino nulaaɗo leydi Nijeer to batu kuuɓtodinngu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam waylude weeyo, yuɓɓinaangu to Pays-Bas. Daura wonnoo ko hooreejo fedde 77 (G77), fedde nde 133 leydi ƴellitii e Siin. E nder konngol makko mawngol e nder batu nguu, o jeertinii wonde leyɗeele ɓurɗe waasde ɗee, ndartinaani gaasuuji mum en so wonaa tawa leyɗeele alɗuɗe ɗee ina njokki e fodoore mum en e nder nanondiral Kiyoto. Daura wiyi wonde Amerik saabiima « ñawu mbayliigu weeyo » bonngu no koloñaal Afrik nii. Joɗnde ndee dañaani hay njeñtudi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-nov-27-me-57724-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|title=More Than Just Hot Words|date=November 27, 2000|access-date=2010-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Caggal golle ==
Daura wonti tergal e Yiilirde Ngenndiire Fedde Diisnondiral Arewa (ACF), fedde lobbiri Fuɗnaange jogiinde doole. E lewru marse 2006, o jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe ACF, luulndiiɓe no feewi accude hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Obasanjo, ina jogori tawtoreede manndaa tataɓo e hitaande 2007. E lewru desaambar 2008, Daura heɓi njeenaari « Commandant de l’ordre du Niger » (CON).

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''HeɗtoⓘSani Zangon Daura''' laati jaagorɗo ndemri e ɓamtaare lesdi Naajeeriya, ɓaawo man o laati jaagorɗo lesdi Naajeeriya, nder kabine hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya Olusegun Obasanjo. O woppitaa e laamu Obasanjo e nder mbayliigu ñalnde 30 lewru bowte hitaande 2001.ds.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iisd.ca/climate/cop6/23nov.html|title=Sixth Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change|date=23 November 2000|publisher=The International Institute for Sustainable Development|accessdate=2010-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ɓawo ==
Sani Zangon Daura ummorii ko e nokku senateeruuji Daura to diiwaan Katsina. O heɓi bak makko ko e Duɗal jaŋde Arab to wuro Kano. O hokkaama bursi ngam o nasta janngirde janngirde Afrik e Fuunaange, London, nder hitaande 1961, ammaa o warti Naajeeriya ko adii o timmina janngirde nden, o nasti janngirde mawnde haa Lagos. Wakkati lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓre nder hitaande 1979, o laati kanndidaajo lesdi Naajeeriya (NPN) ngam suɓol hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya, ammaa o fooli Alhaji Lawal Kaita. Kaita noon, foolii wooteeji ɗii e kanndidaa lannda PRP, hono Alhaji Abdulkaadir Balarabe Musa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-nov-27-me-57724-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|title=More Than Just Hot Words|date=November 27, 2000|access-date=2010-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Darnde kabine ==
Toɗɗaaɗo jaagorgal ndema e lewru suwee 1999, Daura hollitii politik wonande sekteer oo, tawi ko e oon sahaa, 38% e PIB leydi Najeriya. Geze ze ina njeyaa heen : veydude peewnugol e vamtaare, vamtaare karallaagal ndema, ustude baasal, vamtaare ndema, vamtaare njeeygu e reende nokkuuji.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-nov-27-me-57724-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|title=More Than Just Hot Words|date=November 27, 2000|access-date=2010-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E lewru noowammbar 2000, o woniino nulaaɗo leydi Nijeer to batu kuuɓtodinngu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam waylude weeyo, yuɓɓinaangu to Pays-Bas. Daura wonnoo ko hooreejo fedde 77 (G77), fedde nde 133 leydi ƴellitii e Siin. E nder konngol makko mawngol e nder batu nguu, o jeertinii wonde leyɗeele ɓurɗe waasde ɗee, ndartinaani gaasuuji mum en so wonaa tawa leyɗeele alɗuɗe ɗee ina njokki e fodoore mum en e nder nanondiral Kiyoto. Daura wiyi wonde Amerik saabiima « ñawu mbayliigu weeyo » bonngu no koloñaal Afrik nii. Joɗnde ndee dañaani hay njeñtudi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-nov-27-me-57724-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|title=More Than Just Hot Words|date=November 27, 2000|access-date=2010-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Caggal golle ==
Daura wonti tergal e Yiilirde Ngenndiire Fedde Diisnondiral Arewa (ACF), fedde lobbiri Fuɗnaange jogiinde doole. E lewru marse 2006, o jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe ACF, luulndiiɓe no feewi accude hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Obasanjo, ina jogori tawtoreede manndaa tataɓo e hitaande 2007. E lewru desaambar 2008, Daura heɓi njeenaari « Commandant de l’ordre du Niger » (CON).r

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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Maayo Mokolo''' ko maayo mawngo e nder diiwaan Limpopo to Afrik worgo. Oo maayo ina moofta ko heewi e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder maayo Waterberg, ina yaltina ɗum e maayo Limpopo. Wertallo maayo ngoo ina waɗi 8 387 kiloomeeteer kaaree (3 238 miil kaaree).[2]  == Yahde == Maayo Mokolo e ɓulli mum toowɗi ina ummoo e bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Waterberg, hakkunde 1200 e 1600 meeter dow tolno geec. Mokolo tigi rigi ummorii ko hedde 1,5 km to fuɗnaange Alma to nokku ɗo maa...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1938" sha1="22q1v1fi850wef69rzy2qb2ij97r9z7" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Mokolo''' ko maayo mawngo e nder diiwaan Limpopo to Afrik worgo. Oo maayo ina moofta ko heewi e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder maayo Waterberg, ina yaltina ɗum e maayo Limpopo. Wertallo maayo ngoo ina waɗi 8 387 kiloomeeteer kaaree (3 238 miil kaaree).[2]

== Yahde ==
Maayo Mokolo e ɓulli mum toowɗi ina ummoo e bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Waterberg, hakkunde 1200 e 1600 meeter dow tolno geec. Mokolo tigi rigi ummorii ko hedde 1,5 km to fuɗnaange Alma to nokku ɗo maayo Sand e maayo Grootspruit hawrata e nokku ɓuuɓɗo, udditirɗo, mo koppi keewɗi. Caggal mum seeɗa nde rewi haa fuɗnaange rewrude e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal yaltoowal dow wuro Vaalwater.[3]

Nde nde yahrata fuɗnaange nde rewata ko e Waterberg fuɗnaange, kaaƴe mawɗe ɗe duuɓi teemedde miliyoŋaaji ɓuuɓɗi maayo mbayli ngam heɓde ɓulli e ɓulli ceertuɗi.[4]

Ndeen maayo ngoo rewi ko e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, haa ɗi naati e baraas Mokolo. Gila ɗoon, nde rewata ko e ŋoral goɗngal hade mayre naatde e weendu Limpopo, sara ɗo nde jokkondiri e Rietspruit. Gila ɗoon, maayo Mokolo ina rewi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi haa yettii daande maayo fuɗnaange Limpopo.

== Laabi e baraasuuji ==
Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ɓulli Mokolo ɗii ko : Maayo Sanngara (mo taƴre mum ɓurnde toowde inniraa ‘Little Nyl’), Maayo Sanngara Klein, Maayo Sanngara, Maayo Sanngara, Sondagsloop, Lubadspruit, Grootspruit, Sterkstroom, Brakspruit, Malmanies, Bulspruit, Ritspruit, Pomboeloop e sepruit.

Ko baraas Mokolo tan woni baraas mawɗo e nder system o.[5]

== Ekoloji ==
Ko ina wona 87 e nder kala 100 e ndiyam maayo ngoo ko ndema. Won e peewnugol nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nder Mokolo toowɗo mbaɗaama, ndeen darnde ina sikkaa ko nafoore.[6] Reservoir Naturel Dam Mokolo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange e fuɗnaange reservoir Dam Mokolo.[7]

Hippopotaaji ɓurɗi heewde e maayo Limpopo ina tawee hakkunde hunduko maayo Mokolo e maayo Mogalakwena.

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'''Maayo Mokolo''' ko maayo mawngo e nder diiwaan Limpopo to Afrik worgo. Oo maayo ina moofta ko heewi e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder maayo Waterberg, ina yaltina ɗum e maayo Limpopo. Wertallo maayo ngoo ina waɗi 8 387 kiloomeeteer kaaree (3 238 miil kaaree).[2]

== Yahde ==
Maayo Mokolo e ɓulli mum toowɗi ina ummoo e bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Waterberg, hakkunde 1200 e 1600 meeter dow tolno geec. Mokolo tigi rigi ummorii ko hedde 1,5 km to fuɗnaange Alma to nokku ɗo maayo Sand e maayo Grootspruit hawrata e nokku ɓuuɓɗo, udditirɗo, mo koppi keewɗi. Caggal mum seeɗa nde rewi haa fuɗnaange rewrude e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal yaltoowal dow wuro Vaalwater.[3]

Nde nde yahrata fuɗnaange nde rewata ko e Waterberg fuɗnaange, kaaƴe mawɗe ɗe duuɓi teemedde miliyoŋaaji ɓuuɓɗi maayo mbayli ngam heɓde ɓulli e ɓulli ceertuɗi.[4]

Ndeen maayo ngoo rewi ko e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, haa ɗi naati e baraas Mokolo. Gila ɗoon, nde rewata ko e ŋoral goɗngal hade mayre naatde e weendu Limpopo, sara ɗo nde jokkondiri e Rietspruit. Gila ɗoon, maayo Mokolo ina rewi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi haa yettii daande maayo fuɗnaange Limpopo.

== Laabi e baraasuuji ==
Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ɓulli Mokolo ɗii ko : Maayo Sanngara (mo taƴre mum ɓurnde toowde inniraa ‘Little Nyl’), Maayo Sanngara Klein, Maayo Sanngara, Maayo Sanngara, Sondagsloop, Lubadspruit, Grootspruit, Sterkstroom, Brakspruit, Malmanies, Bulspruit, Ritspruit, Pomboeloop e sepruit.

Ko baraas Mokolo tan woni baraas mawɗo e nder system o.[5]

== Ekoloji ==
Ko ina wona 87 e nder kala 100 e ndiyam maayo ngoo ko ndema. Won e peewnugol nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nder Mokolo toowɗo mbaɗaama, ndeen darnde ina sikkaa ko nafoore.[6] Reservoir Naturel Dam Mokolo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange e fuɗnaange reservoir Dam Mokolo.[7]

Hippopotaaji ɓurɗi heewde e maayo Limpopo ina tawee hakkunde hunduko maayo Mokolo e maayo Mogalakwena.

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'''Maayo Mokolo''' ko maayo mawngo e nder diiwaan Limpopo to Afrik worgo. Oo maayo ina moofta ko heewi e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder maayo Waterberg, ina yaltina ɗum e maayo Limpopo. Wertallo maayo ngoo ina waɗi 8 387 kiloomeeteer kaaree (3 238 miil kaaree).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Mokolo River Data&quot; (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-20. Retrieved 2007-01-24.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Maayo Mokolo e ɓulli mum toowɗi ina ummoo e bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Waterberg, hakkunde 1200 e 1600 meeter dow tolno geec. Mokolo tigi rigi ummorii ko hedde 1,5 km to fuɗnaange Alma to nokku ɗo maayo Sand e maayo Grootspruit hawrata e nokku ɓuuɓɗo, udditirɗo, mo koppi keewɗi. Caggal mum seeɗa nde rewi haa fuɗnaange rewrude e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal yaltoowal dow wuro Vaalwater.[3]

Nde nde yahrata fuɗnaange nde rewata ko e Waterberg fuɗnaange, kaaƴe mawɗe ɗe duuɓi teemedde miliyoŋaaji ɓuuɓɗi maayo mbayli ngam heɓde ɓulli e ɓulli ceertuɗi.[4]

Ndeen maayo ngoo rewi ko e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, haa ɗi naati e baraas Mokolo. Gila ɗoon, nde rewata ko e ŋoral goɗngal hade mayre naatde e weendu Limpopo, sara ɗo nde jokkondiri e Rietspruit. Gila ɗoon, maayo Mokolo ina rewi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi haa yettii daande maayo fuɗnaange Limpopo.

=== Laabi e baraasuuji ===
Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ɓulli Mokolo ɗii ko : Maayo Sanngara (mo taƴre mum ɓurnde toowde inniraa ‘Little Nyl’), Maayo Sanngara Klein, Maayo Sanngara, Maayo Sanngara, Sondagsloop, Lubadspruit, Grootspruit, Sterkstroom, Brakspruit, Malmanies, Bulspruit, Ritspruit, Pomboeloop e sepruit.

Ko baraas Mokolo tan woni baraas mawɗo e nder system o.[5]

== Ekoloji ==
Ko ina wona 87 e nder kala 100 e ndiyam maayo ngoo ko ndema. Won e peewnugol nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nder Mokolo toowɗo mbaɗaama, ndeen darnde ina sikkaa ko nafoore.[6] Reservoir Naturel Dam Mokolo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange e fuɗnaange reservoir Dam Mokolo.[7]

Hippopotaaji ɓurɗi heewde e maayo Limpopo ina tawee hakkunde hunduko maayo Mokolo e maayo Mogalakwena.

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'''Maayo Mokolo''' ko maayo mawngo e nder diiwaan Limpopo to Afrik worgo. Oo maayo ina moofta ko heewi e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder maayo Waterberg, ina yaltina ɗum e maayo Limpopo. Wertallo maayo ngoo ina waɗi 8 387 kiloomeeteer kaaree (3 238 miil kaaree).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Mokolo River Data&quot; (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-20. Retrieved 2007-01-24.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Maayo Mokolo e ɓulli mum toowɗi ina ummoo e bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Waterberg, hakkunde 1200 e 1600 meeter dow tolno geec. Mokolo tigi rigi ummorii ko hedde 1,5 km to fuɗnaange Alma to nokku ɗo maayo Sand e maayo Grootspruit hawrata e nokku ɓuuɓɗo, udditirɗo, mo koppi keewɗi. Caggal mum seeɗa nde rewi haa fuɗnaange rewrude e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal yaltoowal dow wuro Vaalwater.&lt;ref&gt;Limpopo WMA 1&lt;/ref&gt;

Nde nde yahrata fuɗnaange nde rewata ko e Waterberg fuɗnaange, kaaƴe mawɗe ɗe duuɓi teemedde miliyoŋaaji ɓuuɓɗi maayo mbayli ngam heɓde ɓulli e ɓulli ceertuɗi.[4]

Ndeen maayo ngoo rewi ko e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, haa ɗi naati e baraas Mokolo. Gila ɗoon, nde rewata ko e ŋoral goɗngal hade mayre naatde e weendu Limpopo, sara ɗo nde jokkondiri e Rietspruit. Gila ɗoon, maayo Mokolo ina rewi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi haa yettii daande maayo fuɗnaange Limpopo.

=== Laabi e baraasuuji ===
Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ɓulli Mokolo ɗii ko : Maayo Sanngara (mo taƴre mum ɓurnde toowde inniraa ‘Little Nyl’), Maayo Sanngara Klein, Maayo Sanngara, Maayo Sanngara, Sondagsloop, Lubadspruit, Grootspruit, Sterkstroom, Brakspruit, Malmanies, Bulspruit, Ritspruit, Pomboeloop e sepruit.

Ko baraas Mokolo tan woni baraas mawɗo e nder system o.[5]

== Ekoloji ==
Ko ina wona 87 e nder kala 100 e ndiyam maayo ngoo ko ndema. Won e peewnugol nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nder Mokolo toowɗo mbaɗaama, ndeen darnde ina sikkaa ko nafoore.[6] Reservoir Naturel Dam Mokolo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange e fuɗnaange reservoir Dam Mokolo.[7]

Hippopotaaji ɓurɗi heewde e maayo Limpopo ina tawee hakkunde hunduko maayo Mokolo e maayo Mogalakwena.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Mokolo''' ko maayo mawngo e nder diiwaan Limpopo to Afrik worgo. Oo maayo ina moofta ko heewi e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder maayo Waterberg, ina yaltina ɗum e maayo Limpopo. Wertallo maayo ngoo ina waɗi 8 387 kiloomeeteer kaaree (3 238 miil kaaree).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Mokolo River Data&quot; (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-20. Retrieved 2007-01-24.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Maayo Mokolo e ɓulli mum toowɗi ina ummoo e bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Waterberg, hakkunde 1200 e 1600 meeter dow tolno geec. Mokolo tigi rigi ummorii ko hedde 1,5 km to fuɗnaange Alma to nokku ɗo maayo Sand e maayo Grootspruit hawrata e nokku ɓuuɓɗo, udditirɗo, mo koppi keewɗi. Caggal mum seeɗa nde rewi haa fuɗnaange rewrude e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal yaltoowal dow wuro Vaalwater.&lt;ref&gt;Limpopo WMA 1&lt;/ref&gt;

Nde nde yahrata fuɗnaange nde rewata ko e Waterberg fuɗnaange, kaaƴe mawɗe ɗe duuɓi teemedde miliyoŋaaji ɓuuɓɗi maayo mbayli ngam heɓde ɓulli e ɓulli ceertuɗi.&lt;ref&gt;C.Michael Hogan, Mark L. Cooke and Helen Murray, The Waterberg Biosphere, Lumina Technologies, May 22, 2006. Archived March 1, 2012, at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndeen maayo ngoo rewi ko e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, haa ɗi naati e baraas Mokolo. Gila ɗoon, nde rewata ko e ŋoral goɗngal hade mayre naatde e weendu Limpopo, sara ɗo nde jokkondiri e Rietspruit. Gila ɗoon, maayo Mokolo ina rewi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi haa yettii daande maayo fuɗnaange Limpopo.

=== Laabi e baraasuuji ===
Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ɓulli Mokolo ɗii ko : Maayo Sanngara (mo taƴre mum ɓurnde toowde inniraa ‘Little Nyl’), Maayo Sanngara Klein, Maayo Sanngara, Maayo Sanngara, Sondagsloop, Lubadspruit, Grootspruit, Sterkstroom, Brakspruit, Malmanies, Bulspruit, Ritspruit, Pomboeloop e sepruit.

Ko baraas Mokolo tan woni baraas mawɗo e nder system o.[5]

== Ekoloji ==
Ko ina wona 87 e nder kala 100 e ndiyam maayo ngoo ko ndema. Won e peewnugol nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nder Mokolo toowɗo mbaɗaama, ndeen darnde ina sikkaa ko nafoore.[6] Reservoir Naturel Dam Mokolo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange e fuɗnaange reservoir Dam Mokolo.[7]

Hippopotaaji ɓurɗi heewde e maayo Limpopo ina tawee hakkunde hunduko maayo Mokolo e maayo Mogalakwena.

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'''Maayo Mokolo''' ko maayo mawngo e nder diiwaan Limpopo to Afrik worgo. Oo maayo ina moofta ko heewi e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder maayo Waterberg, ina yaltina ɗum e maayo Limpopo. Wertallo maayo ngoo ina waɗi 8 387 kiloomeeteer kaaree (3 238 miil kaaree).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Mokolo River Data&quot; (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-20. Retrieved 2007-01-24.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Maayo Mokolo e ɓulli mum toowɗi ina ummoo e bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Waterberg, hakkunde 1200 e 1600 meeter dow tolno geec. Mokolo tigi rigi ummorii ko hedde 1,5 km to fuɗnaange Alma to nokku ɗo maayo Sand e maayo Grootspruit hawrata e nokku ɓuuɓɗo, udditirɗo, mo koppi keewɗi. Caggal mum seeɗa nde rewi haa fuɗnaange rewrude e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal yaltoowal dow wuro Vaalwater.&lt;ref&gt;Limpopo WMA 1&lt;/ref&gt;

Nde nde yahrata fuɗnaange nde rewata ko e Waterberg fuɗnaange, kaaƴe mawɗe ɗe duuɓi teemedde miliyoŋaaji ɓuuɓɗi maayo mbayli ngam heɓde ɓulli e ɓulli ceertuɗi.&lt;ref&gt;C.Michael Hogan, Mark L. Cooke and Helen Murray, The Waterberg Biosphere, Lumina Technologies, May 22, 2006. Archived March 1, 2012, at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndeen maayo ngoo rewi ko e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, haa ɗi naati e baraas Mokolo. Gila ɗoon, nde rewata ko e ŋoral goɗngal hade mayre naatde e weendu Limpopo, sara ɗo nde jokkondiri e Rietspruit. Gila ɗoon, maayo Mokolo ina rewi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi haa yettii daande maayo fuɗnaange Limpopo.

=== Laabi e baraasuuji ===
Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ɓulli Mokolo ɗii ko : Maayo Sanngara (mo taƴre mum ɓurnde toowde inniraa ‘Little Nyl’), Maayo Sanngara Klein, Maayo Sanngara, Maayo Sanngara, Sondagsloop, Lubadspruit, Grootspruit, Sterkstroom, Brakspruit, Malmanies, Bulspruit, Ritspruit, Pomboeloop e sepruit.

Ko baraas Mokolo tan woni baraas mawɗo e nder system o.&lt;ref&gt;State of Rivers Report: the Mokolo River&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ekoloji ==
Ko ina wona 87 e nder kala 100 e ndiyam maayo ngoo ko ndema. Won e peewnugol nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nder Mokolo toowɗo mbaɗaama, ndeen darnde ina sikkaa ko nafoore.[6] Reservoir Naturel Dam Mokolo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange e fuɗnaange reservoir Dam Mokolo.[7]

Hippopotaaji ɓurɗi heewde e maayo Limpopo ina tawee hakkunde hunduko maayo Mokolo e maayo Mogalakwena.

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'''Maayo Mokolo''' ko maayo mawngo e nder diiwaan Limpopo to Afrik worgo. Oo maayo ina moofta ko heewi e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder maayo Waterberg, ina yaltina ɗum e maayo Limpopo. Wertallo maayo ngoo ina waɗi 8 387 kiloomeeteer kaaree (3 238 miil kaaree).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Mokolo River Data&quot; (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-20. Retrieved 2007-01-24.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Maayo Mokolo e ɓulli mum toowɗi ina ummoo e bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Waterberg, hakkunde 1200 e 1600 meeter dow tolno geec. Mokolo tigi rigi ummorii ko hedde 1,5 km to fuɗnaange Alma to nokku ɗo maayo Sand e maayo Grootspruit hawrata e nokku ɓuuɓɗo, udditirɗo, mo koppi keewɗi. Caggal mum seeɗa nde rewi haa fuɗnaange rewrude e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal yaltoowal dow wuro Vaalwater.&lt;ref&gt;Limpopo WMA 1&lt;/ref&gt;

Nde nde yahrata fuɗnaange nde rewata ko e Waterberg fuɗnaange, kaaƴe mawɗe ɗe duuɓi teemedde miliyoŋaaji ɓuuɓɗi maayo mbayli ngam heɓde ɓulli e ɓulli ceertuɗi.&lt;ref&gt;C.Michael Hogan, Mark L. Cooke and Helen Murray, The Waterberg Biosphere, Lumina Technologies, May 22, 2006. Archived March 1, 2012, at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndeen maayo ngoo rewi ko e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, haa ɗi naati e baraas Mokolo. Gila ɗoon, nde rewata ko e ŋoral goɗngal hade mayre naatde e weendu Limpopo, sara ɗo nde jokkondiri e Rietspruit. Gila ɗoon, maayo Mokolo ina rewi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi haa yettii daande maayo fuɗnaange Limpopo.

=== Laabi e baraasuuji ===
Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ɓulli Mokolo ɗii ko : Maayo Sanngara (mo taƴre mum ɓurnde toowde inniraa ‘Little Nyl’), Maayo Sanngara Klein, Maayo Sanngara, Maayo Sanngara, Sondagsloop, Lubadspruit, Grootspruit, Sterkstroom, Brakspruit, Malmanies, Bulspruit, Ritspruit, Pomboeloop e sepruit.

Ko baraas Mokolo tan woni baraas mawɗo e nder system o.&lt;ref&gt;State of Rivers Report: the Mokolo River&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ekoloji ==
Ko ina wona 87 e nder kala 100 e ndiyam maayo ngoo ko ndema. Won e peewnugol nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nder Mokolo toowɗo mbaɗaama, ndeen darnde ina sikkaa ko nafoore.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Wetlands restoration projects of the Limpopo Basin and other South African watersheds&quot;. Archived from the original on 2007-08-22. Retrieved 2007-01-24.&lt;/ref&gt; Reservoir Naturel Dam Mokolo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange e fuɗnaange reservoir Dam Mokolo.[7]

Hippopotaaji ɓurɗi heewde e maayo Limpopo ina tawee hakkunde hunduko maayo Mokolo e maayo Mogalakwena.

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'''Maayo Mokolo''' ko maayo mawngo e nder diiwaan Limpopo to Afrik worgo. Oo maayo ina moofta ko heewi e ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder maayo Waterberg, ina yaltina ɗum e maayo Limpopo. Wertallo maayo ngoo ina waɗi 8 387 kiloomeeteer kaaree (3 238 miil kaaree).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Mokolo River Data&quot; (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-20. Retrieved 2007-01-24.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Maayo Mokolo e ɓulli mum toowɗi ina ummoo e bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Waterberg, hakkunde 1200 e 1600 meeter dow tolno geec. Mokolo tigi rigi ummorii ko hedde 1,5 km to fuɗnaange Alma to nokku ɗo maayo Sand e maayo Grootspruit hawrata e nokku ɓuuɓɗo, udditirɗo, mo koppi keewɗi. Caggal mum seeɗa nde rewi haa fuɗnaange rewrude e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal yaltoowal dow wuro Vaalwater.&lt;ref&gt;Limpopo WMA 1&lt;/ref&gt;

Nde nde yahrata fuɗnaange nde rewata ko e Waterberg fuɗnaange, kaaƴe mawɗe ɗe duuɓi teemedde miliyoŋaaji ɓuuɓɗi maayo mbayli ngam heɓde ɓulli e ɓulli ceertuɗi.&lt;ref&gt;C.Michael Hogan, Mark L. Cooke and Helen Murray, The Waterberg Biosphere, Lumina Technologies, May 22, 2006. Archived March 1, 2012, at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndeen maayo ngoo rewi ko e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi ngalaa ɗo kaaɗi, haa ɗi naati e baraas Mokolo. Gila ɗoon, nde rewata ko e ŋoral goɗngal hade mayre naatde e weendu Limpopo, sara ɗo nde jokkondiri e Rietspruit. Gila ɗoon, maayo Mokolo ina rewi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi haa yettii daande maayo fuɗnaange Limpopo.

=== Laabi e baraasuuji ===
Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ɓulli Mokolo ɗii ko : Maayo Sanngara (mo taƴre mum ɓurnde toowde inniraa ‘Little Nyl’), Maayo Sanngara Klein, Maayo Sanngara, Maayo Sanngara, Sondagsloop, Lubadspruit, Grootspruit, Sterkstroom, Brakspruit, Malmanies, Bulspruit, Ritspruit, Pomboeloop e sepruit.

Ko baraas Mokolo tan woni baraas mawɗo e nder system o.&lt;ref&gt;State of Rivers Report: the Mokolo River&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ekoloji ==
Ko ina wona 87 e nder kala 100 e ndiyam maayo ngoo ko ndema. Won e peewnugol nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nder Mokolo toowɗo mbaɗaama, ndeen darnde ina sikkaa ko nafoore.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Wetlands restoration projects of the Limpopo Basin and other South African watersheds&quot;. Archived from the original on 2007-08-22. Retrieved 2007-01-24.&lt;/ref&gt; Reservoir Naturel Dam Mokolo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange e fuɗnaange reservoir Dam Mokolo.&lt;ref&gt;Mokolo Dam Nature Reserve, Limpopo&lt;/ref&gt;

Hippopotaaji ɓurɗi heewde e maayo Limpopo ina tawee hakkunde hunduko maayo Mokolo e maayo Mogalakwena.

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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Maayo Sand''' walla Maayo Polokwane[3] (Afriknaajo: Sandrivier) ko maayo ndiyam e nder diiwaan Limpopo, Afrik worgo, ko maayo Limpopo ngo bannge ñaamo. Innde maggal hesere &quot;Maayo Polokwane&quot; ina nanndi e innde wuro Polokwane, ko adii Pietersburg, fotde 200 kiloomeeteer (120 mi) dow maayo maggo. Maayo Sand ina rewa e daande maayo hirnaange ngoo wuro.  == Yahde == Nde jogii ko ɓuuɓri mayre to fuɗnaange Mokopane, nde rewi ko bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Limpopo hakkund...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1633" sha1="r1bsfdrhui0aknarjbgbx1qa6al20q2" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Sand''' walla Maayo Polokwane[3] (Afriknaajo: Sandrivier) ko maayo ndiyam e nder diiwaan Limpopo, Afrik worgo, ko maayo Limpopo ngo bannge ñaamo. Innde maggal hesere &quot;Maayo Polokwane&quot; ina nanndi e innde wuro Polokwane, ko adii Pietersburg, fotde 200 kiloomeeteer (120 mi) dow maayo maggo. Maayo Sand ina rewa e daande maayo hirnaange ngoo wuro.

== Yahde ==
Nde jogii ko ɓuuɓri mayre to fuɗnaange Mokopane, nde rewi ko bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Limpopo hakkundeejo haa nde taƴi Soutpansberg rewrude e ŋoral luggiɗngal, hono Waterpoort. Ndeen nde 6uucciima bannge worgo, nde rewi Lowveld haa nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo, kilooji 7 (4 mi) fucfnaange Musina.[4] Hay so ina hiisee wonde maayo duumotooɗo ina heewi yoorde e ndunngu.

Ladde e nder maayo Sand River ina wondi e ŋakkeende mawnde, teeŋti noon e mborosaaji keewɗi. Won e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nder weendu nduu. Ɗeeɗoo nokkuuje ko ekosistem teeŋtuɗo wonande won e leɗɗe ɗe keewaani walla ɗe njiyataa, kam e leɗɗe paabi e colli. Minuuji 18 ina ngoodi e nder maayo Sand.[5]

=== Baraaji e ɓulli ===
Baraas mawɗo tan e nder maayo Sand ko baraas Mathala, anndiraango kadi baraas Houtrivier, dow maayo Hout, ko ɓuuɓri bannge nano Sand.[6] Maayo Diep hawri e daande maayo Sand to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange wuro Polokwane. Maayo Mulaudzi, anndiraango kadi &quot;Maayo ƴiiƴam&quot;, ina hawra e maayo Sand gila nano to fuɗnaange Polokwane. Baraas Seshego ko baraas tokooso dow Mulaudzi.[7] Maayo Brak ko maayo taƴngo hakkunde Blouberg e Soutpansberg, jokkondirngo e daande nano maayo Sand fotde 35 kiloomeeteer (22 mi) e maayo Limpopo.

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'''Maayo Sand''' walla Maayo Polokwane[3] (Afriknaajo: Sandrivier) ko maayo ndiyam e nder diiwaan Limpopo, Afrik worgo, ko maayo Limpopo ngo bannge ñaamo. Innde maggal hesere &quot;Maayo Polokwane&quot; ina nanndi e innde wuro Polokwane, ko adii Pietersburg, fotde 200 kiloomeeteer (120 mi) dow maayo maggo. Maayo Sand ina rewa e daande maayo hirnaange ngoo wuro.

== Yahde ==
Nde jogii ko ɓuuɓri mayre to fuɗnaange Mokopane, nde rewi ko bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Limpopo hakkundeejo haa nde taƴi Soutpansberg rewrude e ŋoral luggiɗngal, hono Waterpoort. Ndeen nde 6uucciima bannge worgo, nde rewi Lowveld haa nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo, kilooji 7 (4 mi) fucfnaange Musina.[4] Hay so ina hiisee wonde maayo duumotooɗo ina heewi yoorde e ndunngu.

Ladde e nder maayo Sand River ina wondi e ŋakkeende mawnde, teeŋti noon e mborosaaji keewɗi. Won e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nder weendu nduu. Ɗeeɗoo nokkuuje ko ekosistem teeŋtuɗo wonande won e leɗɗe ɗe keewaani walla ɗe njiyataa, kam e leɗɗe paabi e colli. Minuuji 18 ina ngoodi e nder maayo Sand.[5]

=== Baraaji e ɓulli ===
Baraas mawɗo tan e nder maayo Sand ko baraas Mathala, anndiraango kadi baraas Houtrivier, dow maayo Hout, ko ɓuuɓri bannge nano Sand.[6] Maayo Diep hawri e daande maayo Sand to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange wuro Polokwane. Maayo Mulaudzi, anndiraango kadi &quot;Maayo ƴiiƴam&quot;, ina hawra e maayo Sand gila nano to fuɗnaange Polokwane. Baraas Seshego ko baraas tokooso dow Mulaudzi.[7] Maayo Brak ko maayo taƴngo hakkunde Blouberg e Soutpansberg, jokkondirngo e daande nano maayo Sand fotde 35 kiloomeeteer (22 mi) e maayo Limpopo.

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'''Maayo Sand''' walla Maayo Polokwane&lt;ref&gt;Olifants River now called Lepelle&lt;/ref&gt; (Afriknaajo: Sandrivier) ko maayo ndiyam e nder diiwaan Limpopo, Afrik worgo, ko maayo Limpopo ngo bannge ñaamo. Innde maggal hesere &quot;Maayo Polokwane&quot; ina nanndi e innde wuro Polokwane, ko adii Pietersburg, fotde 200 kiloomeeteer (120 mi) dow maayo maggo. Maayo Sand ina rewa e daande maayo hirnaange ngoo wuro.

== Yahde ==
Nde jogii ko ɓuuɓri mayre to fuɗnaange Mokopane, nde rewi ko bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Limpopo hakkundeejo haa nde taƴi Soutpansberg rewrude e ŋoral luggiɗngal, hono Waterpoort. Ndeen nde 6uucciima bannge worgo, nde rewi Lowveld haa nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo, kilooji 7 (4 mi) fucfnaange Musina.[4] Hay so ina hiisee wonde maayo duumotooɗo ina heewi yoorde e ndunngu.

Ladde e nder maayo Sand River ina wondi e ŋakkeende mawnde, teeŋti noon e mborosaaji keewɗi. Won e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nder weendu nduu. Ɗeeɗoo nokkuuje ko ekosistem teeŋtuɗo wonande won e leɗɗe ɗe keewaani walla ɗe njiyataa, kam e leɗɗe paabi e colli. Minuuji 18 ina ngoodi e nder maayo Sand.[5]

=== Baraaji e ɓulli ===
Baraas mawɗo tan e nder maayo Sand ko baraas Mathala, anndiraango kadi baraas Houtrivier, dow maayo Hout, ko ɓuuɓri bannge nano Sand.[6] Maayo Diep hawri e daande maayo Sand to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange wuro Polokwane. Maayo Mulaudzi, anndiraango kadi &quot;Maayo ƴiiƴam&quot;, ina hawra e maayo Sand gila nano to fuɗnaange Polokwane. Baraas Seshego ko baraas tokooso dow Mulaudzi.[7] Maayo Brak ko maayo taƴngo hakkunde Blouberg e Soutpansberg, jokkondirngo e daande nano maayo Sand fotde 35 kiloomeeteer (22 mi) e maayo Limpopo.

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'''Maayo Sand''' walla Maayo Polokwane&lt;ref&gt;Olifants River now called Lepelle&lt;/ref&gt; (Afriknaajo: Sandrivier) ko maayo ndiyam e nder diiwaan Limpopo, Afrik worgo, ko maayo Limpopo ngo bannge ñaamo. Innde maggal hesere &quot;Maayo Polokwane&quot; ina nanndi e innde wuro Polokwane, ko adii Pietersburg, fotde 200 kiloomeeteer (120 mi) dow maayo maggo. Maayo Sand ina rewa e daande maayo hirnaange ngoo wuro.

== Yahde ==
Nde jogii ko ɓuuɓri mayre to fuɗnaange Mokopane, nde rewi ko bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Limpopo hakkundeejo haa nde taƴi Soutpansberg rewrude e ŋoral luggiɗngal, hono Waterpoort. Ndeen nde 6uucciima bannge worgo, nde rewi Lowveld haa nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo, kilooji 7 (4 mi) fucfnaange Musina.&lt;ref&gt;Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin&lt;/ref&gt; Hay so ina hiisee wonde maayo duumotooɗo ina heewi yoorde e ndunngu.

Ladde e nder maayo Sand River ina wondi e ŋakkeende mawnde, teeŋti noon e mborosaaji keewɗi. Won e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nder weendu nduu. Ɗeeɗoo nokkuuje ko ekosistem teeŋtuɗo wonande won e leɗɗe ɗe keewaani walla ɗe njiyataa, kam e leɗɗe paabi e colli. Minuuji 18 ina ngoodi e nder maayo Sand.[5]

=== Baraaji e ɓulli ===
Baraas mawɗo tan e nder maayo Sand ko baraas Mathala, anndiraango kadi baraas Houtrivier, dow maayo Hout, ko ɓuuɓri bannge nano Sand.[6] Maayo Diep hawri e daande maayo Sand to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange wuro Polokwane. Maayo Mulaudzi, anndiraango kadi &quot;Maayo ƴiiƴam&quot;, ina hawra e maayo Sand gila nano to fuɗnaange Polokwane. Baraas Seshego ko baraas tokooso dow Mulaudzi.[7] Maayo Brak ko maayo taƴngo hakkunde Blouberg e Soutpansberg, jokkondirngo e daande nano maayo Sand fotde 35 kiloomeeteer (22 mi) e maayo Limpopo.

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'''Maayo Sand''' walla Maayo Polokwane&lt;ref&gt;Olifants River now called Lepelle&lt;/ref&gt; (Afriknaajo: Sandrivier) ko maayo ndiyam e nder diiwaan Limpopo, Afrik worgo, ko maayo Limpopo ngo bannge ñaamo. Innde maggal hesere &quot;Maayo Polokwane&quot; ina nanndi e innde wuro Polokwane, ko adii Pietersburg, fotde 200 kiloomeeteer (120 mi) dow maayo maggo. Maayo Sand ina rewa e daande maayo hirnaange ngoo wuro.

== Yahde ==
Nde jogii ko ɓuuɓri mayre to fuɗnaange Mokopane, nde rewi ko bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Limpopo hakkundeejo haa nde taƴi Soutpansberg rewrude e ŋoral luggiɗngal, hono Waterpoort. Ndeen nde 6uucciima bannge worgo, nde rewi Lowveld haa nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo, kilooji 7 (4 mi) fucfnaange Musina.&lt;ref&gt;Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin&lt;/ref&gt; Hay so ina hiisee wonde maayo duumotooɗo ina heewi yoorde e ndunngu.

Ladde e nder maayo Sand River ina wondi e ŋakkeende mawnde, teeŋti noon e mborosaaji keewɗi. Won e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nder weendu nduu. Ɗeeɗoo nokkuuje ko ekosistem teeŋtuɗo wonande won e leɗɗe ɗe keewaani walla ɗe njiyataa, kam e leɗɗe paabi e colli. Minuuji 18 ina ngoodi e nder maayo Sand.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Sand Sub-basin&quot;. Archived from the original on 2012-04-20. Retrieved 2012-03-24.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Baraaji e ɓulli ===
Baraas mawɗo tan e nder maayo Sand ko baraas Mathala, anndiraango kadi baraas Houtrivier, dow maayo Hout, ko ɓuuɓri bannge nano Sand.[6] Maayo Diep hawri e daande maayo Sand to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange wuro Polokwane. Maayo Mulaudzi, anndiraango kadi &quot;Maayo ƴiiƴam&quot;, ina hawra e maayo Sand gila nano to fuɗnaange Polokwane. Baraas Seshego ko baraas tokooso dow Mulaudzi.[7] Maayo Brak ko maayo taƴngo hakkunde Blouberg e Soutpansberg, jokkondirngo e daande nano maayo Sand fotde 35 kiloomeeteer (22 mi) e maayo Limpopo.

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'''Maayo Sand''' walla Maayo Polokwane&lt;ref&gt;Olifants River now called Lepelle&lt;/ref&gt; (Afriknaajo: Sandrivier) ko maayo ndiyam e nder diiwaan Limpopo, Afrik worgo, ko maayo Limpopo ngo bannge ñaamo. Innde maggal hesere &quot;Maayo Polokwane&quot; ina nanndi e innde wuro Polokwane, ko adii Pietersburg, fotde 200 kiloomeeteer (120 mi) dow maayo maggo. Maayo Sand ina rewa e daande maayo hirnaange ngoo wuro.

== Yahde ==
Nde jogii ko ɓuuɓri mayre to fuɗnaange Mokopane, nde rewi ko bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Limpopo hakkundeejo haa nde taƴi Soutpansberg rewrude e ŋoral luggiɗngal, hono Waterpoort. Ndeen nde 6uucciima bannge worgo, nde rewi Lowveld haa nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo, kilooji 7 (4 mi) fucfnaange Musina.&lt;ref&gt;Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin&lt;/ref&gt; Hay so ina hiisee wonde maayo duumotooɗo ina heewi yoorde e ndunngu.

Ladde e nder maayo Sand River ina wondi e ŋakkeende mawnde, teeŋti noon e mborosaaji keewɗi. Won e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nder weendu nduu. Ɗeeɗoo nokkuuje ko ekosistem teeŋtuɗo wonande won e leɗɗe ɗe keewaani walla ɗe njiyataa, kam e leɗɗe paabi e colli. Minuuji 18 ina ngoodi e nder maayo Sand.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Sand Sub-basin&quot;. Archived from the original on 2012-04-20. Retrieved 2012-03-24.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Baraaji e ɓulli ===
Baraas mawɗo tan e nder maayo Sand ko baraas Mathala, anndiraango kadi baraas Houtrivier, dow maayo Hout, ko ɓuuɓri bannge nano Sand.&lt;ref&gt;Sand River&lt;/ref&gt; Maayo Diep hawri e daande maayo Sand to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange wuro Polokwane. Maayo Mulaudzi, anndiraango kadi &quot;Maayo ƴiiƴam&quot;, ina hawra e maayo Sand gila nano to fuɗnaange Polokwane. Baraas Seshego ko baraas tokooso dow Mulaudzi.[7] Maayo Brak ko maayo taƴngo hakkunde Blouberg e Soutpansberg, jokkondirngo e daande nano maayo Sand fotde 35 kiloomeeteer (22 mi) e maayo Limpopo.

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'''Maayo Sand''' walla Maayo Polokwane&lt;ref&gt;Olifants River now called Lepelle&lt;/ref&gt; (Afriknaajo: Sandrivier) ko maayo ndiyam e nder diiwaan Limpopo, Afrik worgo, ko maayo Limpopo ngo bannge ñaamo. Innde maggal hesere &quot;Maayo Polokwane&quot; ina nanndi e innde wuro Polokwane, ko adii Pietersburg, fotde 200 kiloomeeteer (120 mi) dow maayo maggo. Maayo Sand ina rewa e daande maayo hirnaange ngoo wuro.

== Yahde ==
Nde jogii ko ɓuuɓri mayre to fuɗnaange Mokopane, nde rewi ko bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Limpopo hakkundeejo haa nde taƴi Soutpansberg rewrude e ŋoral luggiɗngal, hono Waterpoort. Ndeen nde 6uucciima bannge worgo, nde rewi Lowveld haa nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo, kilooji 7 (4 mi) fucfnaange Musina.&lt;ref&gt;Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin&lt;/ref&gt; Hay so ina hiisee wonde maayo duumotooɗo ina heewi yoorde e ndunngu.

Ladde e nder maayo Sand River ina wondi e ŋakkeende mawnde, teeŋti noon e mborosaaji keewɗi. Won e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nder weendu nduu. Ɗeeɗoo nokkuuje ko ekosistem teeŋtuɗo wonande won e leɗɗe ɗe keewaani walla ɗe njiyataa, kam e leɗɗe paabi e colli. Minuuji 18 ina ngoodi e nder maayo Sand.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Sand Sub-basin&quot;. Archived from the original on 2012-04-20. Retrieved 2012-03-24.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Baraaji e ɓulli ===
Baraas mawɗo tan e nder maayo Sand ko baraas Mathala, anndiraango kadi baraas Houtrivier, dow maayo Hout, ko ɓuuɓri bannge nano Sand.&lt;ref&gt;Sand River&lt;/ref&gt; Maayo Diep hawri e daande maayo Sand to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange wuro Polokwane. Maayo Mulaudzi, anndiraango kadi &quot;Maayo ƴiiƴam&quot;, ina hawra e maayo Sand gila nano to fuɗnaange Polokwane. Baraas Seshego ko baraas tokooso dow Mulaudzi.&lt;ref&gt;Polokwane Municipality&lt;/ref&gt; Maayo Brak ko maayo taƴngo hakkunde Blouberg e Soutpansberg, jokkondirngo e daande nano maayo Sand fotde 35 kiloomeeteer (22 mi) e maayo Limpopo.

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[[File:DeHoop.png | thumb | right | alt=A diagram of potential dam construction | A diagram of potential construction of a Dam on the De Hoop river ]]
'''Maayo Sand''' walla Maayo Polokwane&lt;ref&gt;Olifants River now called Lepelle&lt;/ref&gt; (Afriknaajo: Sandrivier) ko maayo ndiyam e nder diiwaan Limpopo, Afrik worgo, ko maayo Limpopo ngo bannge ñaamo. Innde maggal hesere &quot;Maayo Polokwane&quot; ina nanndi e innde wuro Polokwane, ko adii Pietersburg, fotde 200 kiloomeeteer (120 mi) dow maayo maggo. Maayo Sand ina rewa e daande maayo hirnaange ngoo wuro.

== Yahde ==
Nde jogii ko ɓuuɓri mayre to fuɗnaange Mokopane, nde rewi ko bannge worgo e nder diiwaan Limpopo hakkundeejo haa nde taƴi Soutpansberg rewrude e ŋoral luggiɗngal, hono Waterpoort. Ndeen nde 6uucciima bannge worgo, nde rewi Lowveld haa nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo, kilooji 7 (4 mi) fucfnaange Musina.&lt;ref&gt;Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin&lt;/ref&gt; Hay so ina hiisee wonde maayo duumotooɗo ina heewi yoorde e ndunngu.

Ladde e nder maayo Sand River ina wondi e ŋakkeende mawnde, teeŋti noon e mborosaaji keewɗi. Won e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi e nder weendu nduu. Ɗeeɗoo nokkuuje ko ekosistem teeŋtuɗo wonande won e leɗɗe ɗe keewaani walla ɗe njiyataa, kam e leɗɗe paabi e colli. Minuuji 18 ina ngoodi e nder maayo Sand.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Sand Sub-basin&quot;. Archived from the original on 2012-04-20. Retrieved 2012-03-24.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Baraaji e ɓulli ===
Baraas mawɗo tan e nder maayo Sand ko baraas Mathala, anndiraango kadi baraas Houtrivier, dow maayo Hout, ko ɓuuɓri bannge nano Sand.&lt;ref&gt;Sand River&lt;/ref&gt; Maayo Diep hawri e daande maayo Sand to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange wuro Polokwane. Maayo Mulaudzi, anndiraango kadi &quot;Maayo ƴiiƴam&quot;, ina hawra e maayo Sand gila nano to fuɗnaange Polokwane. Baraas Seshego ko baraas tokooso dow Mulaudzi.&lt;ref&gt;Polokwane Municipality&lt;/ref&gt; Maayo Brak ko maayo taƴngo hakkunde Blouberg e Soutpansberg, jokkondirngo e daande nano maayo Sand fotde 35 kiloomeeteer (22 mi) e maayo Limpopo.

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      <text bytes="2122" sha1="d7knxadvynx5tln62o3nhlwsmpvuko7" xml:space="preserve">Umaru Abdulrahmaan Dikko (31 Duujal 1936 - 1 Siilo 2014) ko dawruyanke Nijeernaajo. O woniino jaagorgal hooreejo leydi ndi hono Shehu Shagari, o woniino jaagorgal ko fayti e yah-ngartaa gila 1979 haa 1983.

Nguurndam gadano
Dikko jibinaa ko Wamba, wuro tokooso sara Zaria e nder diiwaan Kaduna to worgo leydi Najeriya. O waɗi duuɓi makko gadani e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Zaria hade makko heɓde bakkaa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres. Ko adii nde o naatata nder siyaasaaku lesdi Naajeeriya o huwi haa kuugal Hausa haa BBC, nden o laati seeɗa-seeɗa nder daande mawnde haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya.

Golle politik
O fuɗɗi waɗugo kuugal nder laamu lesdi man nder hitaande 1967, nde o toɗɗaa komisinaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya woylaare lesdi (hannde lesdi Kaduna). O woniino kadi binndoowo goomu ngu Seneraal Hassan Katsina sosi ngam hawrude e Fuɗnaange-rewo caggal kuudetaa e hitaande 1966. E hitaande 1979, o waɗtaa gardiiɗo kampaañ Shagari ngam kampaañ hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya. E nder laamu ɗiɗaɓuru ngenndi ndii, o waɗii golle maantiniiɗe e jaagorde ko fayti e yah-ngartaa e hooreejo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e maaro.

Kuudetaa konu ñalnde 31 desaambar 1983 liɓi laamu Shagari. Dikko doggi haa lesdi London bee ministaajo seɗɗa feere e ardiiɓe lanyol lesdi Naajeeriya. Laamu konu kesu nguu tuumi mo ko fenaande mawnde nde o woni e laamu ndee, haa teeŋti noon e ñamlude miliyoŋaaji dolaar e ngalu petroŋ ngenndi ndii.

Ñalnde 5 lewru juko hitaande 1984, o waɗii darnde mawnde e nder haala Dikko nde o tawaa ina wondi e dorog e nder kaɓirgal to Aeroport Stansted ngal ina wiyee ko bagaas dipolomasi, ina wayi no ko o baawɗo warde laamu nguu bagaas dipolomaasi walla timminde kaayitaaji potɗi. Ko ɗoon crate oo yahrata ko Lagos.

Kanko woni hooreejo fedde Solidarity Group of Nigeria (SGN) nde hawti bee lanyol Kongres lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati laamu Sani Abacha. E nder Republique nayaɓere o sosi lannda Demokaraasi Dentuɗo (UDP), o toɗɗaa yo o ardo Goomu Diisnondiral Ngenndiwal PDP e hitaande 2013.

O sankii ko to Londres e hitaande 2014, omo yahra e duuɓi 77.

Tuugnorgal</text>
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Umaru Abdulrahmaan Dikko (31 Duujal 1936 - 1 Siilo 2014) ko dawruyanke Nijeernaajo. O woniino jaagorgal hooreejo leydi ndi hono Shehu Shagari, o woniino jaagorgal ko fayti e yah-ngartaa gila 1979 haa 1983.

Nguurndam gadano
Dikko jibinaa ko Wamba, wuro tokooso sara Zaria e nder diiwaan Kaduna to worgo leydi Najeriya. O waɗi duuɓi makko gadani e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Zaria hade makko heɓde bakkaa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres. Ko adii nde o naatata nder siyaasaaku lesdi Naajeeriya o huwi haa kuugal Hausa haa BBC, nden o laati seeɗa-seeɗa nder daande mawnde haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya.

Golle politik
O fuɗɗi waɗugo kuugal nder laamu lesdi man nder hitaande 1967, nde o toɗɗaa komisinaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya woylaare lesdi (hannde lesdi Kaduna). O woniino kadi binndoowo goomu ngu Seneraal Hassan Katsina sosi ngam hawrude e Fuɗnaange-rewo caggal kuudetaa e hitaande 1966. E hitaande 1979, o waɗtaa gardiiɗo kampaañ Shagari ngam kampaañ hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya. E nder laamu ɗiɗaɓuru ngenndi ndii, o waɗii golle maantiniiɗe e jaagorde ko fayti e yah-ngartaa e hooreejo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e maaro.

Kuudetaa konu ñalnde 31 desaambar 1983 liɓi laamu Shagari. Dikko doggi haa lesdi London bee ministaajo seɗɗa feere e ardiiɓe lanyol lesdi Naajeeriya. Laamu konu kesu nguu tuumi mo ko fenaande mawnde nde o woni e laamu ndee, haa teeŋti noon e ñamlude miliyoŋaaji dolaar e ngalu petroŋ ngenndi ndii.

Ñalnde 5 lewru juko hitaande 1984, o waɗii darnde mawnde e nder haala Dikko nde o tawaa ina wondi e dorog e nder kaɓirgal to Aeroport Stansted ngal ina wiyee ko bagaas dipolomasi, ina wayi no ko o baawɗo warde laamu nguu bagaas dipolomaasi walla timminde kaayitaaji potɗi. Ko ɗoon crate oo yahrata ko Lagos.

Kanko woni hooreejo fedde Solidarity Group of Nigeria (SGN) nde hawti bee lanyol Kongres lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati laamu Sani Abacha. E nder Republique nayaɓere o sosi lannda Demokaraasi Dentuɗo (UDP), o toɗɗaa yo o ardo Goomu Diisnondiral Ngenndiwal PDP e hitaande 2013.

O sankii ko to Londres e hitaande 2014, omo yahra e duuɓi 77.

Tuugnorgal</text>
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'''Umaru Abdulrahmaan Dikko''' (31 Duujal 1936 - 1 Siilo 2014) ko dawruyanke Nijeernaajo. O woniino jaagorgal hooreejo leydi ndi hono Shehu Shagari, o woniino jaagorgal ko fayti e yah-ngartaa gila 1979 haa 1983.

== Nguurndam gadano ==
Dikko jibinaa ko Wamba, wuro tokooso sara Zaria e nder diiwaan Kaduna to worgo leydi Najeriya. O waɗi duuɓi makko gadani e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Zaria hade makko heɓde bakkaa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres. Ko adii nde o naatata nder siyaasaaku lesdi Naajeeriya o huwi haa kuugal Hausa haa BBC, nden o laati seeɗa-seeɗa nder daande mawnde haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya.

== Golle politik ==
O fuɗɗi waɗugo kuugal nder laamu lesdi man nder hitaande 1967, nde o toɗɗaa komisinaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya woylaare lesdi (hannde lesdi Kaduna). O woniino kadi binndoowo goomu ngu Seneraal Hassan Katsina sosi ngam hawrude e Fuɗnaange-rewo caggal kuudetaa e hitaande 1966. E hitaande 1979, o waɗtaa gardiiɗo kampaañ Shagari ngam kampaañ hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya. E nder laamu ɗiɗaɓuru ngenndi ndii, o waɗii golle maantiniiɗe e jaagorde ko fayti e yah-ngartaa e hooreejo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e maaro.

Kuudetaa konu ñalnde 31 desaambar 1983 liɓi laamu Shagari. Dikko doggi haa lesdi London bee ministaajo seɗɗa feere e ardiiɓe lanyol lesdi Naajeeriya. Laamu konu kesu nguu tuumi mo ko fenaande mawnde nde o woni e laamu ndee, haa teeŋti noon e ñamlude miliyoŋaaji dolaar e ngalu petroŋ ngenndi ndii.

Ñalnde 5 lewru juko hitaande 1984, o waɗii darnde mawnde e nder haala Dikko nde o tawaa ina wondi e dorog e nder kaɓirgal to Aeroport Stansted ngal ina wiyee ko bagaas dipolomasi, ina wayi no ko o baawɗo warde laamu nguu bagaas dipolomaasi walla timminde kaayitaaji potɗi. Ko ɗoon crate oo yahrata ko Lagos.

Kanko woni hooreejo fedde Solidarity Group of Nigeria (SGN) nde hawti bee lanyol Kongres lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati laamu Sani Abacha. E nder Republique nayaɓere o sosi lannda Demokaraasi Dentuɗo (UDP), o toɗɗaa yo o ardo Goomu Diisnondiral Ngenndiwal PDP e hitaande 2013.

O sankii ko to Londres e hitaande 2014, omo yahra e duuɓi 77.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Umaru Abdulrahmaan Dikko''' (31 Duujal 1936 - 1 Siilo 2014) ko dawruyanke Nijeernaajo. O woniino jaagorgal hooreejo leydi ndi hono Shehu Shagari, o woniino jaagorgal ko fayti e yah-ngartaa gila 1979 haa 1983.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Daily|first=Peoples|date=2014-07-01|title=Second Republic Minister, Umaru Dikko dies at London home|url=https://www.peoplesdailyng.com/second-republic-minister-umaru-dikko-dies-at-london-home/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=2022-08-21|newspaper=[[Peoples Daily (Nigeria)|Peoples Daily]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam gadano ==
Dikko jibinaa ko Wamba, wuro tokooso sara Zaria e nder diiwaan Kaduna to worgo leydi Najeriya. O waɗi duuɓi makko gadani e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Zaria hade makko heɓde bakkaa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres. Ko adii nde o naatata nder siyaasaaku lesdi Naajeeriya o huwi haa kuugal Hausa haa BBC, nden o laati seeɗa-seeɗa nder daande mawnde haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya.

== Golle politik ==
O fuɗɗi waɗugo kuugal nder laamu lesdi man nder hitaande 1967, nde o toɗɗaa komisinaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya woylaare lesdi (hannde lesdi Kaduna). O woniino kadi binndoowo goomu ngu Seneraal Hassan Katsina sosi ngam hawrude e Fuɗnaange-rewo caggal kuudetaa e hitaande 1966. E hitaande 1979, o waɗtaa gardiiɗo kampaañ Shagari ngam kampaañ hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya. E nder laamu ɗiɗaɓuru ngenndi ndii, o waɗii golle maantiniiɗe e jaagorde ko fayti e yah-ngartaa e hooreejo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e maaro.

Kuudetaa konu ñalnde 31 desaambar 1983 liɓi laamu Shagari. Dikko doggi haa lesdi London bee ministaajo seɗɗa feere e ardiiɓe lanyol lesdi Naajeeriya. Laamu konu kesu nguu tuumi mo ko fenaande mawnde nde o woni e laamu ndee, haa teeŋti noon e ñamlude miliyoŋaaji dolaar e ngalu petroŋ ngenndi ndii.

Ñalnde 5 lewru juko hitaande 1984, o waɗii darnde mawnde e nder haala Dikko nde o tawaa ina wondi e dorog e nder kaɓirgal to Aeroport Stansted ngal ina wiyee ko bagaas dipolomasi, ina wayi no ko o baawɗo warde laamu nguu bagaas dipolomaasi walla timminde kaayitaaji potɗi. Ko ɗoon crate oo yahrata ko Lagos.

Kanko woni hooreejo fedde Solidarity Group of Nigeria (SGN) nde hawti bee lanyol Kongres lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati laamu Sani Abacha. E nder Republique nayaɓere o sosi lannda Demokaraasi Dentuɗo (UDP), o toɗɗaa yo o ardo Goomu Diisnondiral Ngenndiwal PDP e hitaande 2013.

O sankii ko to Londres e hitaande 2014, omo yahra e duuɓi 77.

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'''Umaru Abdulrahmaan Dikko''' (31 Duujal 1936 - 1 Siilo 2014) ko dawruyanke Nijeernaajo. O woniino jaagorgal hooreejo leydi ndi hono Shehu Shagari, o woniino jaagorgal ko fayti e yah-ngartaa gila 1979 haa 1983.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Daily|first=Peoples|date=2014-07-01|title=Second Republic Minister, Umaru Dikko dies at London home|url=https://www.peoplesdailyng.com/second-republic-minister-umaru-dikko-dies-at-london-home/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=2022-08-21|newspaper=[[Peoples Daily (Nigeria)|Peoples Daily]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam gadano ==
Dikko jibinaa ko Wamba, wuro tokooso sara Zaria e nder diiwaan Kaduna to worgo leydi Najeriya. O waɗi duuɓi makko gadani e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Zaria hade makko heɓde bakkaa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres. Ko adii nde o naatata nder siyaasaaku lesdi Naajeeriya o huwi haa kuugal Hausa haa BBC, nden o laati seeɗa-seeɗa nder daande mawnde haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hP7jJAkTd9MC&amp;pg=PA161|title=An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945-1996|first=John E.|last=Jessup|date=3 August 1998|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780313281129|access-date=3 August 2017|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://cassavarepublic.biz/?product=soldiers-of-fortune|title=Soldiers of Fortune, Nigeria Politics from Buhari to Babangida (1983-1993)|publisher=Cassava Republic Press|isbn=9789785023824|access-date=5 December 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Golle politik ==
O fuɗɗi waɗugo kuugal nder laamu lesdi man nder hitaande 1967, nde o toɗɗaa komisinaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya woylaare lesdi (hannde lesdi Kaduna). O woniino kadi binndoowo goomu ngu Seneraal Hassan Katsina sosi ngam hawrude e Fuɗnaange-rewo caggal kuudetaa e hitaande 1966. E hitaande 1979, o waɗtaa gardiiɗo kampaañ Shagari ngam kampaañ hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya. E nder laamu ɗiɗaɓuru ngenndi ndii, o waɗii golle maantiniiɗe e jaagorde ko fayti e yah-ngartaa e hooreejo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e maaro.

Kuudetaa konu ñalnde 31 desaambar 1983 liɓi laamu Shagari. Dikko doggi haa lesdi London bee ministaajo seɗɗa feere e ardiiɓe lanyol lesdi Naajeeriya. Laamu konu kesu nguu tuumi mo ko fenaande mawnde nde o woni e laamu ndee, haa teeŋti noon e ñamlude miliyoŋaaji dolaar e ngalu petroŋ ngenndi ndii.

Ñalnde 5 lewru juko hitaande 1984, o waɗii darnde mawnde e nder haala Dikko nde o tawaa ina wondi e dorog e nder kaɓirgal to Aeroport Stansted ngal ina wiyee ko bagaas dipolomasi, ina wayi no ko o baawɗo warde laamu nguu bagaas dipolomaasi walla timminde kaayitaaji potɗi. Ko ɗoon crate oo yahrata ko Lagos.

Kanko woni hooreejo fedde Solidarity Group of Nigeria (SGN) nde hawti bee lanyol Kongres lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati laamu Sani Abacha. E nder Republique nayaɓere o sosi lannda Demokaraasi Dentuɗo (UDP), o toɗɗaa yo o ardo Goomu Diisnondiral Ngenndiwal PDP e hitaande 2013.

O sankii ko to Londres e hitaande 2014, omo yahra e duuɓi 77.

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'''Umaru Abdulrahmaan Dikko''' (31 Duujal 1936 - 1 Siilo 2014) ko dawruyanke Nijeernaajo. O woniino jaagorgal hooreejo leydi ndi hono Shehu Shagari, o woniino jaagorgal ko fayti e yah-ngartaa gila 1979 haa 1983.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Daily|first=Peoples|date=2014-07-01|title=Second Republic Minister, Umaru Dikko dies at London home|url=https://www.peoplesdailyng.com/second-republic-minister-umaru-dikko-dies-at-london-home/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=2022-08-21|newspaper=[[Peoples Daily (Nigeria)|Peoples Daily]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam gadano ==
Dikko jibinaa ko Wamba, wuro tokooso sara Zaria e nder diiwaan Kaduna to worgo leydi Najeriya. O waɗi duuɓi makko gadani e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Zaria hade makko heɓde bakkaa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres. Ko adii nde o naatata nder siyaasaaku lesdi Naajeeriya o huwi haa kuugal Hausa haa BBC, nden o laati seeɗa-seeɗa nder daande mawnde haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hP7jJAkTd9MC&amp;pg=PA161|title=An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945-1996|first=John E.|last=Jessup|date=3 August 1998|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780313281129|access-date=3 August 2017|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://cassavarepublic.biz/?product=soldiers-of-fortune|title=Soldiers of Fortune, Nigeria Politics from Buhari to Babangida (1983-1993)|publisher=Cassava Republic Press|isbn=9789785023824|access-date=5 December 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Golle politik ==
O fuɗɗi waɗugo kuugal nder laamu lesdi man nder hitaande 1967, nde o toɗɗaa komisinaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya woylaare lesdi (hannde lesdi Kaduna). O woniino kadi binndoowo goomu ngu Seneraal Hassan Katsina sosi ngam hawrude e Fuɗnaange-rewo caggal kuudetaa e hitaande 1966. E hitaande 1979, o waɗtaa gardiiɗo kampaañ Shagari ngam kampaañ hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya. E nder laamu ɗiɗaɓuru ngenndi ndii, o waɗii golle maantiniiɗe e jaagorde ko fayti e yah-ngartaa e hooreejo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e maaro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Afolabi|first=Laolu|date=2025-10-01|title=Nigeria @ 65: Defining moments in history|url=https://punchng.com/nigeria-65-defining-moments-in-history/|access-date=2026-06-13|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuudetaa konu ñalnde 31 desaambar 1983 liɓi laamu Shagari. Dikko doggi haa lesdi London bee ministaajo seɗɗa feere e ardiiɓe lanyol lesdi Naajeeriya. Laamu konu kesu nguu tuumi mo ko fenaande mawnde nde o woni e laamu ndee, haa teeŋti noon e ñamlude miliyoŋaaji dolaar e ngalu petroŋ ngenndi ndii.

Ñalnde 5 lewru juko hitaande 1984, o waɗii darnde mawnde e nder haala Dikko nde o tawaa ina wondi e dorog e nder kaɓirgal to Aeroport Stansted ngal ina wiyee ko bagaas dipolomasi, ina wayi no ko o baawɗo warde laamu nguu bagaas dipolomaasi walla timminde kaayitaaji potɗi. Ko ɗoon crate oo yahrata ko Lagos.

Kanko woni hooreejo fedde Solidarity Group of Nigeria (SGN) nde hawti bee lanyol Kongres lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati laamu Sani Abacha. E nder Republique nayaɓere o sosi lannda Demokaraasi Dentuɗo (UDP), o toɗɗaa yo o ardo Goomu Diisnondiral Ngenndiwal PDP e hitaande 2013.

O sankii ko to Londres e hitaande 2014, omo yahra e duuɓi 77.

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'''Umaru Abdulrahmaan Dikko''' (31 Duujal 1936 - 1 Siilo 2014) ko dawruyanke Nijeernaajo. O woniino jaagorgal hooreejo leydi ndi hono Shehu Shagari, o woniino jaagorgal ko fayti e yah-ngartaa gila 1979 haa 1983.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Daily|first=Peoples|date=2014-07-01|title=Second Republic Minister, Umaru Dikko dies at London home|url=https://www.peoplesdailyng.com/second-republic-minister-umaru-dikko-dies-at-london-home/|location=Abuja, Nigeria|access-date=2022-08-21|newspaper=[[Peoples Daily (Nigeria)|Peoples Daily]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam gadano ==
Dikko jibinaa ko Wamba, wuro tokooso sara Zaria e nder diiwaan Kaduna to worgo leydi Najeriya. O waɗi duuɓi makko gadani e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Zaria hade makko heɓde bakkaa makko to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres. Ko adii nde o naatata nder siyaasaaku lesdi Naajeeriya o huwi haa kuugal Hausa haa BBC, nden o laati seeɗa-seeɗa nder daande mawnde haa woyla lesdi Naajeeriya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hP7jJAkTd9MC&amp;pg=PA161|title=An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945-1996|first=John E.|last=Jessup|date=3 August 1998|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780313281129|access-date=3 August 2017|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://cassavarepublic.biz/?product=soldiers-of-fortune|title=Soldiers of Fortune, Nigeria Politics from Buhari to Babangida (1983-1993)|publisher=Cassava Republic Press|isbn=9789785023824|access-date=5 December 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Golle politik ==
O fuɗɗi waɗugo kuugal nder laamu lesdi man nder hitaande 1967, nde o toɗɗaa komisinaajo haa lesdi Naajeeriya woylaare lesdi (hannde lesdi Kaduna). O woniino kadi binndoowo goomu ngu Seneraal Hassan Katsina sosi ngam hawrude e Fuɗnaange-rewo caggal kuudetaa e hitaande 1966. E hitaande 1979, o waɗtaa gardiiɗo kampaañ Shagari ngam kampaañ hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya. E nder laamu ɗiɗaɓuru ngenndi ndii, o waɗii golle maantiniiɗe e jaagorde ko fayti e yah-ngartaa e hooreejo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e maaro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Afolabi|first=Laolu|date=2025-10-01|title=Nigeria @ 65: Defining moments in history|url=https://punchng.com/nigeria-65-defining-moments-in-history/|access-date=2026-06-13|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuudetaa konu ñalnde 31 desaambar 1983 liɓi laamu Shagari. Dikko doggi haa lesdi London bee ministaajo seɗɗa feere e ardiiɓe lanyol lesdi Naajeeriya. Laamu konu kesu nguu tuumi mo ko fenaande mawnde nde o woni e laamu ndee, haa teeŋti noon e ñamlude miliyoŋaaji dolaar e ngalu petroŋ ngenndi ndi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/08/world/africa/umaru-dikko-ex-nigerian-official-who-was-almost-kidnapped-dies.html|title=Umaru Dikko, Ex-Nigerian Official Who Was Almost Kidnapped, Dies|first=Bruce|last=Weber|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 July 2014|access-date=3 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ñalnde 5 lewru juko hitaande 1984, o waɗii darnde mawnde e nder haala Dikko nde o tawaa ina wondi e dorog e nder kaɓirgal to Aeroport Stansted ngal ina wiyee ko bagaas dipolomasi, ina wayi no ko o baawɗo warde laamu nguu bagaas dipolomaasi walla timminde kaayitaaji potɗi. Ko ɗoon crate oo yahrata ko Lagos.

Kanko woni hooreejo fedde Solidarity Group of Nigeria (SGN) nde hawti bee lanyol Kongres lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati laamu Sani Abacha. E nder Republique nayaɓere o sosi lannda Demokaraasi Dentuɗo (UDP), o toɗɗaa yo o ardo Goomu Diisnondiral Ngenndiwal PDP e hitaande 2013.

O sankii ko to Londres e hitaande 2014, omo yahra e duuɓi 77.

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    <title>Maayo Notwane</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Maayo Notwane''' (walla maayo Nggotwane) ko maayo wonngo fuɗnaange-rewo Bostwana. Won e taƴe e laawol maggal ina mbaɗi keeri hakkunde leyɗeele e Afrik worgo. Hunnduko mayre woni ko e hoore maayo Limpopo. Ina waɗi 18 053 ​​kiloomeeteer kaaree (6 970 miil kaaree).  == Yahde == Notwane ina ummoo fotde kilooji 11 (6,8 mi) to fuɗnaange Ramotswa, ina doga e keerol ngol to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange ngam naatde Limpopo e njuuteendi Mahalapye.[1] Notwane ina jogii iwdi...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4320" sha1="r2crpidrgftglqx0wk2gfnw4gs9dgcu" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Notwane''' (walla maayo Nggotwane) ko maayo wonngo fuɗnaange-rewo Bostwana. Won e taƴe e laawol maggal ina mbaɗi keeri hakkunde leyɗeele e Afrik worgo. Hunnduko mayre woni ko e hoore maayo Limpopo. Ina waɗi 18 053 ​​kiloomeeteer kaaree (6 970 miil kaaree).

== Yahde ==
Notwane ina ummoo fotde kilooji 11 (6,8 mi) to fuɗnaange Ramotswa, ina doga e keerol ngol to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange ngam naatde Limpopo e njuuteendi Mahalapye.[1] Notwane ina jogii iwdi mum e nder ladde, to bannge fuɗnaange jeereende Kalahari. Nde rewi ko ina wona fuɗnaange-rewo, nde rewi e nokku ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Bostwana, nde rewi fuɗnaange Lobatse, hakkunde wuro Gaborone e wuro Tlokweng, nde rewi wuro Mochudi. E joofnirde nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo nano to keerol Afrik worgo, ko 6 km tan woni ko woɗɗi e nokku ɗo Limpopo hawri e maayo Matlabas.[2]

Ko Notwane e hoore mum e ɓulli mum Taung, Segoditshane, Metsimotlhabe, Metsemaswaane e Nywane njippinta ndiyam ɗam.[1] Waafiiji mayri ɓurɗi mawnude ko maayooji Taung, Peleng, Metsimotlhabe e Nywane. Maayooji gonɗi e nder weeyo Notwane ɗii fof ko juutɗi, ina keɓa ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓol juutngol, fawaade e toɓooli. Maayo Notwane e Taung ina yoori e nder yontaaji yooro e nder duuvi yooro ina waawi yoorde haa timma hitaande ndee fof. Ɗee maayooji fof ina mbaawi saabaade ilam ɓuuɓɗam.[3]

== Tariya ==
Daande maayo Notwane ina joginoo yimɓe gila e jamaanu kaaƴe hakkundeejo. Koɗorde adannde hannde ndee ko Moshaweng, nde mawɗo Gaborone mo Tlokwa sosi e darorɗe kitaale 1880, sara nokku ɗo laamorgo hannde ngoo woni ɗoo.[4] Wuro Gaborone, ko yaajde koɗki adanki, ƴellitaama e maayo Notwane e kitaale 1960 e nder heen ko sabu ɓadtaade laawol laana njoorndi, e nder heen ko ngam heɓde ndiyam ɗam maayo ngoo rokkata.[5]

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraas Gaborone, baawɗo rokkude ndiyam wuro Gaborone, ina jogii 144 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (5,1×109 cu ft). Ko adii fof, baraas Ngotwane to Lehurutshe, Afrik worgo ina jogii 18 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (640 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo). E nder nokku ɗo baraas Gaborone woni ɗoo ina waɗi baraasuuji goɗɗi keewɗi, ko ɓuri heewde heen ko tokoosi no feewi, ko baraas Nnywane tan sara Lobatse huutortee ngam heɓde ndiyam nder galleeji. Caggal wizto 1992 ko faati e batte mavve e tovo ngo, vursugol ngol wazaama e mahngo baraaji tokoosi e nder nokkuuji vursugol ngol.[6]

== Fauna e leɗɗe ==
Nde wonnoo doggol Notwane ngol ko juutngol; keewceeral nguurndam ko ɓurngal toowde ɗoon e ɗoon dow maayo Gaborone, to fuɗnaange ɗo maayo Taung hawri. Leɗɗe maayo e nder ndeeɗoo nokku ina keewi jogaade ɓulli ndiyam tokoosi, hay so tawii ko e sahaaji yooro juutɗi.

Liɗɗi Afriknaaɓe ɓuuɓɗi, anndiraaɗi e nokku hee barbel, ko ɗiin liɗɗi ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ndiyam. Maayo ngoo ina wallita kadi e ƴiye tokoose ɗe ƴiye ƴiye, tilapia e karte naatnaaɗe.

Nguurndam colli ina ɓeydoo heewde so neɗɗo ɓadtiima baraas Gaborone, ɗum ina jeyaa heen limre ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye laamɗo. Liɗɗi Afrik ina njiyee sahaa kala, wondude e ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye darter afrik. Verreaux's eagle-owl ina tawee e nokku hee kadi kite yellow-billed ko njilluuji keewɗi e ndunngu. Koɗorɗe boɗeeje fuɗnaange, koɗorɗe boɗeeje fuɗnaange e ƴiye jibinannde ina keewi yiyeede e laddeeji taariiɗi ɗii.

Monkey vervet ina heewi e saraaji maayo ɓurngo ɓadaade baraas Gaborone. Baon Chacma ina waawi kadi hawreede e mbaydiiji antelopeeji ko wayi no kudu e impala ina ngoodi, kono ina famɗi. Lesser bushbaby nest e nder ndeeɗoo nokku e jaak ɓaleejo ina nanaa sahaa e sahaa fof e kikiiɗe. Yimɓe seeɗa e mborosaaji niil ina nguuri e nder ŋoral les maayo saraaji baraas Gaborone. Monitor nile e monitor kaaƴe fof ina mbaɗa e nokku hee, gadanol ngol ɓuri yiyeede ko heewi. Leɗɗe maayo e leɗɗe taariiɗe ɗum kadi ina ndokka nokkuuji moƴƴi ngam hoɗde e ƴiye kaaƴe Afrik e kobraaji ɓuuɓɗi mosammbik.

Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo ngoo ko leɗɗe berry syringa, fijirde ndiyam e bauhinia daneejo. Berrytree syringa ko lekki ɓuuɓki, ummoriiɗo leydi Inndo. Leɗɗe maayo ina njokki e rokkude laawol leɗɗe akasiya. Ɗaɗi buubaaji, ɓiɗɓe paperback e knobthorn ina keewi e ndeeɗoo leɗɗe. Marula e wattle bojji ina tawee kadi e nokku hee.

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'''Maayo Notwane''' (walla maayo Nggotwane) ko maayo wonngo fuɗnaange-rewo Bostwana. Won e taƴe e laawol maggal ina mbaɗi keeri hakkunde leyɗeele e Afrik worgo. Hunnduko mayre woni ko e hoore maayo Limpopo. Ina waɗi 18 053 ​​kiloomeeteer kaaree (6 970 miil kaaree).

== Yahde ==
Notwane ina ummoo fotde kilooji 11 (6,8 mi) to fuɗnaange Ramotswa, ina doga e keerol ngol to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange ngam naatde Limpopo e njuuteendi Mahalapye.[1] Notwane ina jogii iwdi mum e nder ladde, to bannge fuɗnaange jeereende Kalahari. Nde rewi ko ina wona fuɗnaange-rewo, nde rewi e nokku ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Bostwana, nde rewi fuɗnaange Lobatse, hakkunde wuro Gaborone e wuro Tlokweng, nde rewi wuro Mochudi. E joofnirde nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo nano to keerol Afrik worgo, ko 6 km tan woni ko woɗɗi e nokku ɗo Limpopo hawri e maayo Matlabas.[2]

Ko Notwane e hoore mum e ɓulli mum Taung, Segoditshane, Metsimotlhabe, Metsemaswaane e Nywane njippinta ndiyam ɗam.[1] Waafiiji mayri ɓurɗi mawnude ko maayooji Taung, Peleng, Metsimotlhabe e Nywane. Maayooji gonɗi e nder weeyo Notwane ɗii fof ko juutɗi, ina keɓa ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓol juutngol, fawaade e toɓooli. Maayo Notwane e Taung ina yoori e nder yontaaji yooro e nder duuvi yooro ina waawi yoorde haa timma hitaande ndee fof. Ɗee maayooji fof ina mbaawi saabaade ilam ɓuuɓɗam.[3]

== Tariya ==
Daande maayo Notwane ina joginoo yimɓe gila e jamaanu kaaƴe hakkundeejo. Koɗorde adannde hannde ndee ko Moshaweng, nde mawɗo Gaborone mo Tlokwa sosi e darorɗe kitaale 1880, sara nokku ɗo laamorgo hannde ngoo woni ɗoo.[4] Wuro Gaborone, ko yaajde koɗki adanki, ƴellitaama e maayo Notwane e kitaale 1960 e nder heen ko sabu ɓadtaade laawol laana njoorndi, e nder heen ko ngam heɓde ndiyam ɗam maayo ngoo rokkata.[5]

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraas Gaborone, baawɗo rokkude ndiyam wuro Gaborone, ina jogii 144 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (5,1×109 cu ft). Ko adii fof, baraas Ngotwane to Lehurutshe, Afrik worgo ina jogii 18 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (640 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo). E nder nokku ɗo baraas Gaborone woni ɗoo ina waɗi baraasuuji goɗɗi keewɗi, ko ɓuri heewde heen ko tokoosi no feewi, ko baraas Nnywane tan sara Lobatse huutortee ngam heɓde ndiyam nder galleeji. Caggal wizto 1992 ko faati e batte mavve e tovo ngo, vursugol ngol wazaama e mahngo baraaji tokoosi e nder nokkuuji vursugol ngol.[6]

== Fauna e leɗɗe ==
Nde wonnoo doggol Notwane ngol ko juutngol; keewceeral nguurndam ko ɓurngal toowde ɗoon e ɗoon dow maayo Gaborone, to fuɗnaange ɗo maayo Taung hawri. Leɗɗe maayo e nder ndeeɗoo nokku ina keewi jogaade ɓulli ndiyam tokoosi, hay so tawii ko e sahaaji yooro juutɗi.

Liɗɗi Afriknaaɓe ɓuuɓɗi, anndiraaɗi e nokku hee barbel, ko ɗiin liɗɗi ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ndiyam. Maayo ngoo ina wallita kadi e ƴiye tokoose ɗe ƴiye ƴiye, tilapia e karte naatnaaɗe.

Nguurndam colli ina ɓeydoo heewde so neɗɗo ɓadtiima baraas Gaborone, ɗum ina jeyaa heen limre ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye laamɗo. Liɗɗi Afrik ina njiyee sahaa kala, wondude e ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye darter afrik. Verreaux's eagle-owl ina tawee e nokku hee kadi kite yellow-billed ko njilluuji keewɗi e ndunngu. Koɗorɗe boɗeeje fuɗnaange, koɗorɗe boɗeeje fuɗnaange e ƴiye jibinannde ina keewi yiyeede e laddeeji taariiɗi ɗii.

Monkey vervet ina heewi e saraaji maayo ɓurngo ɓadaade baraas Gaborone. Baon Chacma ina waawi kadi hawreede e mbaydiiji antelopeeji ko wayi no kudu e impala ina ngoodi, kono ina famɗi. Lesser bushbaby nest e nder ndeeɗoo nokku e jaak ɓaleejo ina nanaa sahaa e sahaa fof e kikiiɗe. Yimɓe seeɗa e mborosaaji niil ina nguuri e nder ŋoral les maayo saraaji baraas Gaborone. Monitor nile e monitor kaaƴe fof ina mbaɗa e nokku hee, gadanol ngol ɓuri yiyeede ko heewi. Leɗɗe maayo e leɗɗe taariiɗe ɗum kadi ina ndokka nokkuuji moƴƴi ngam hoɗde e ƴiye kaaƴe Afrik e kobraaji ɓuuɓɗi mosammbik.

Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo ngoo ko leɗɗe berry syringa, fijirde ndiyam e bauhinia daneejo. Berrytree syringa ko lekki ɓuuɓki, ummoriiɗo leydi Inndo. Leɗɗe maayo ina njokki e rokkude laawol leɗɗe akasiya. Ɗaɗi buubaaji, ɓiɗɓe paperback e knobthorn ina keewi e ndeeɗoo leɗɗe. Marula e wattle bojji ina tawee kadi e nokku hee.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Notwane''' (walla maayo Nggotwane) ko maayo wonngo fuɗnaange-rewo Bostwana. Won e taƴe e laawol maggal ina mbaɗi keeri hakkunde leyɗeele e Afrik worgo. Hunnduko mayre woni ko e hoore maayo Limpopo. Ina waɗi 18 053 ​​kiloomeeteer kaaree (6 970 miil kaaree).

== Yahde ==
[[File:Blue Train in Notwane Bridge.jpg|thumb|left|Train crossing bridge over Notwane River]]
Notwane ina ummoo fotde kilooji 11 (6,8 mi) to fuɗnaange Ramotswa, ina doga e keerol ngol to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange ngam naatde Limpopo e njuuteendi Mahalapye.[1] Notwane ina jogii iwdi mum e nder ladde, to bannge fuɗnaange jeereende Kalahari. Nde rewi ko ina wona fuɗnaange-rewo, nde rewi e nokku ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Bostwana, nde rewi fuɗnaange Lobatse, hakkunde wuro Gaborone e wuro Tlokweng, nde rewi wuro Mochudi. E joofnirde nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo nano to keerol Afrik worgo, ko 6 km tan woni ko woɗɗi e nokku ɗo Limpopo hawri e maayo Matlabas.[2]

Ko Notwane e hoore mum e ɓulli mum Taung, Segoditshane, Metsimotlhabe, Metsemaswaane e Nywane njippinta ndiyam ɗam.[1] Waafiiji mayri ɓurɗi mawnude ko maayooji Taung, Peleng, Metsimotlhabe e Nywane. Maayooji gonɗi e nder weeyo Notwane ɗii fof ko juutɗi, ina keɓa ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓol juutngol, fawaade e toɓooli. Maayo Notwane e Taung ina yoori e nder yontaaji yooro e nder duuvi yooro ina waawi yoorde haa timma hitaande ndee fof. Ɗee maayooji fof ina mbaawi saabaade ilam ɓuuɓɗam.[3]

== Tariya ==
Daande maayo Notwane ina joginoo yimɓe gila e jamaanu kaaƴe hakkundeejo. Koɗorde adannde hannde ndee ko Moshaweng, nde mawɗo Gaborone mo Tlokwa sosi e darorɗe kitaale 1880, sara nokku ɗo laamorgo hannde ngoo woni ɗoo.[4] Wuro Gaborone, ko yaajde koɗki adanki, ƴellitaama e maayo Notwane e kitaale 1960 e nder heen ko sabu ɓadtaade laawol laana njoorndi, e nder heen ko ngam heɓde ndiyam ɗam maayo ngoo rokkata.[5]

== Baraasuuji ==
[[File:Gaborone 25.92305E 24.68895S.jpg|thumb|240px|[[NASA]] picture of the Notwane River with the Gaborone Dam]]
Baraas Gaborone, baawɗo rokkude ndiyam wuro Gaborone, ina jogii 144 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (5,1×109 cu ft). Ko adii fof, baraas Ngotwane to Lehurutshe, Afrik worgo ina jogii 18 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (640 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo). E nder nokku ɗo baraas Gaborone woni ɗoo ina waɗi baraasuuji goɗɗi keewɗi, ko ɓuri heewde heen ko tokoosi no feewi, ko baraas Nnywane tan sara Lobatse huutortee ngam heɓde ndiyam nder galleeji. Caggal wizto 1992 ko faati e batte mavve e tovo ngo, vursugol ngol wazaama e mahngo baraaji tokoosi e nder nokkuuji vursugol ngol.[6]

== Fauna e leɗɗe ==
Nde wonnoo doggol Notwane ngol ko juutngol; keewceeral nguurndam ko ɓurngal toowde ɗoon e ɗoon dow maayo Gaborone, to fuɗnaange ɗo maayo Taung hawri. Leɗɗe maayo e nder ndeeɗoo nokku ina keewi jogaade ɓulli ndiyam tokoosi, hay so tawii ko e sahaaji yooro juutɗi.

Liɗɗi Afriknaaɓe ɓuuɓɗi, anndiraaɗi e nokku hee barbel, ko ɗiin liɗɗi ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ndiyam. Maayo ngoo ina wallita kadi e ƴiye tokoose ɗe ƴiye ƴiye, tilapia e karte naatnaaɗe.

Nguurndam colli ina ɓeydoo heewde so neɗɗo ɓadtiima baraas Gaborone, ɗum ina jeyaa heen limre ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye laamɗo. Liɗɗi Afrik ina njiyee sahaa kala, wondude e ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye darter afrik. Verreaux's eagle-owl ina tawee e nokku hee kadi kite yellow-billed ko njilluuji keewɗi e ndunngu. Koɗorɗe boɗeeje fuɗnaange, koɗorɗe boɗeeje fuɗnaange e ƴiye jibinannde ina keewi yiyeede e laddeeji taariiɗi ɗii.

Monkey vervet ina heewi e saraaji maayo ɓurngo ɓadaade baraas Gaborone. Baon Chacma ina waawi kadi hawreede e mbaydiiji antelopeeji ko wayi no kudu e impala ina ngoodi, kono ina famɗi. Lesser bushbaby nest e nder ndeeɗoo nokku e jaak ɓaleejo ina nanaa sahaa e sahaa fof e kikiiɗe. Yimɓe seeɗa e mborosaaji niil ina nguuri e nder ŋoral les maayo saraaji baraas Gaborone. Monitor nile e monitor kaaƴe fof ina mbaɗa e nokku hee, gadanol ngol ɓuri yiyeede ko heewi. Leɗɗe maayo e leɗɗe taariiɗe ɗum kadi ina ndokka nokkuuji moƴƴi ngam hoɗde e ƴiye kaaƴe Afrik e kobraaji ɓuuɓɗi mosammbik.

Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo ngoo ko leɗɗe berry syringa, fijirde ndiyam e bauhinia daneejo. Berrytree syringa ko lekki ɓuuɓki, ummoriiɗo leydi Inndo. Leɗɗe maayo ina njokki e rokkude laawol leɗɗe akasiya. Ɗaɗi buubaaji, ɓiɗɓe paperback e knobthorn ina keewi e ndeeɗoo leɗɗe. Marula e wattle bojji ina tawee kadi e nokku hee.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Notwane''' (walla maayo Nggotwane) ko maayo wonngo fuɗnaange-rewo Bostwana. Won e taƴe e laawol maggal ina mbaɗi keeri hakkunde leyɗeele e Afrik worgo. Hunnduko mayre woni ko e hoore maayo Limpopo. Ina waɗi 18 053 ​​kiloomeeteer kaaree (6 970 miil kaaree).

== Yahde ==
[[File:Blue Train in Notwane Bridge.jpg|thumb|left|Train crossing bridge over Notwane River]]
Notwane ina ummoo fotde kilooji 11 (6,8 mi) to fuɗnaange Ramotswa, ina doga e keerol ngol to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange ngam naatde Limpopo e njuuteendi Mahalapye.&lt;ref&gt;Yadava 2003, p. 125&lt;/ref&gt; Notwane ina jogii iwdi mum e nder ladde, to bannge fuɗnaange jeereende Kalahari. Nde rewi ko ina wona fuɗnaange-rewo, nde rewi e nokku ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Bostwana, nde rewi fuɗnaange Lobatse, hakkunde wuro Gaborone e wuro Tlokweng, nde rewi wuro Mochudi. E joofnirde nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo nano to keerol Afrik worgo, ko 6 km tan woni ko woɗɗi e nokku ɗo Limpopo hawri e maayo Matlabas.[2]

Ko Notwane e hoore mum e ɓulli mum Taung, Segoditshane, Metsimotlhabe, Metsemaswaane e Nywane njippinta ndiyam ɗam.[1] Waafiiji mayri ɓurɗi mawnude ko maayooji Taung, Peleng, Metsimotlhabe e Nywane. Maayooji gonɗi e nder weeyo Notwane ɗii fof ko juutɗi, ina keɓa ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓol juutngol, fawaade e toɓooli. Maayo Notwane e Taung ina yoori e nder yontaaji yooro e nder duuvi yooro ina waawi yoorde haa timma hitaande ndee fof. Ɗee maayooji fof ina mbaawi saabaade ilam ɓuuɓɗam.[3]

== Tariya ==
Daande maayo Notwane ina joginoo yimɓe gila e jamaanu kaaƴe hakkundeejo. Koɗorde adannde hannde ndee ko Moshaweng, nde mawɗo Gaborone mo Tlokwa sosi e darorɗe kitaale 1880, sara nokku ɗo laamorgo hannde ngoo woni ɗoo.[4] Wuro Gaborone, ko yaajde koɗki adanki, ƴellitaama e maayo Notwane e kitaale 1960 e nder heen ko sabu ɓadtaade laawol laana njoorndi, e nder heen ko ngam heɓde ndiyam ɗam maayo ngoo rokkata.[5]

== Baraasuuji ==
[[File:Gaborone 25.92305E 24.68895S.jpg|thumb|240px|[[NASA]] picture of the Notwane River with the Gaborone Dam]]
Baraas Gaborone, baawɗo rokkude ndiyam wuro Gaborone, ina jogii 144 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (5,1×109 cu ft). Ko adii fof, baraas Ngotwane to Lehurutshe, Afrik worgo ina jogii 18 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (640 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo). E nder nokku ɗo baraas Gaborone woni ɗoo ina waɗi baraasuuji goɗɗi keewɗi, ko ɓuri heewde heen ko tokoosi no feewi, ko baraas Nnywane tan sara Lobatse huutortee ngam heɓde ndiyam nder galleeji. Caggal wizto 1992 ko faati e batte mavve e tovo ngo, vursugol ngol wazaama e mahngo baraaji tokoosi e nder nokkuuji vursugol ngol.[6]

== Fauna e leɗɗe ==
Nde wonnoo doggol Notwane ngol ko juutngol; keewceeral nguurndam ko ɓurngal toowde ɗoon e ɗoon dow maayo Gaborone, to fuɗnaange ɗo maayo Taung hawri. Leɗɗe maayo e nder ndeeɗoo nokku ina keewi jogaade ɓulli ndiyam tokoosi, hay so tawii ko e sahaaji yooro juutɗi.

Liɗɗi Afriknaaɓe ɓuuɓɗi, anndiraaɗi e nokku hee barbel, ko ɗiin liɗɗi ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ndiyam. Maayo ngoo ina wallita kadi e ƴiye tokoose ɗe ƴiye ƴiye, tilapia e karte naatnaaɗe.

Nguurndam colli ina ɓeydoo heewde so neɗɗo ɓadtiima baraas Gaborone, ɗum ina jeyaa heen limre ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye laamɗo. Liɗɗi Afrik ina njiyee sahaa kala, wondude e ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye darter afrik. Verreaux's eagle-owl ina tawee e nokku hee kadi kite yellow-billed ko njilluuji keewɗi e ndunngu. Koɗorɗe boɗeeje fuɗnaange, koɗorɗe boɗeeje fuɗnaange e ƴiye jibinannde ina keewi yiyeede e laddeeji taariiɗi ɗii.

Monkey vervet ina heewi e saraaji maayo ɓurngo ɓadaade baraas Gaborone. Baon Chacma ina waawi kadi hawreede e mbaydiiji antelopeeji ko wayi no kudu e impala ina ngoodi, kono ina famɗi. Lesser bushbaby nest e nder ndeeɗoo nokku e jaak ɓaleejo ina nanaa sahaa e sahaa fof e kikiiɗe. Yimɓe seeɗa e mborosaaji niil ina nguuri e nder ŋoral les maayo saraaji baraas Gaborone. Monitor nile e monitor kaaƴe fof ina mbaɗa e nokku hee, gadanol ngol ɓuri yiyeede ko heewi. Leɗɗe maayo e leɗɗe taariiɗe ɗum kadi ina ndokka nokkuuji moƴƴi ngam hoɗde e ƴiye kaaƴe Afrik e kobraaji ɓuuɓɗi mosammbik.

Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo ngoo ko leɗɗe berry syringa, fijirde ndiyam e bauhinia daneejo. Berrytree syringa ko lekki ɓuuɓki, ummoriiɗo leydi Inndo. Leɗɗe maayo ina njokki e rokkude laawol leɗɗe akasiya. Ɗaɗi buubaaji, ɓiɗɓe paperback e knobthorn ina keewi e ndeeɗoo leɗɗe. Marula e wattle bojji ina tawee kadi e nokku hee.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Notwane''' (walla maayo Nggotwane) ko maayo wonngo fuɗnaange-rewo Bostwana. Won e taƴe e laawol maggal ina mbaɗi keeri hakkunde leyɗeele e Afrik worgo. Hunnduko mayre woni ko e hoore maayo Limpopo. Ina waɗi 18 053 ​​kiloomeeteer kaaree (6 970 miil kaaree).

== Yahde ==
[[File:Blue Train in Notwane Bridge.jpg|thumb|left|Train crossing bridge over Notwane River]]
Notwane ina ummoo fotde kilooji 11 (6,8 mi) to fuɗnaange Ramotswa, ina doga e keerol ngol to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange ngam naatde Limpopo e njuuteendi Mahalapye.&lt;ref&gt;Yadava 2003, p. 125&lt;/ref&gt; Notwane ina jogii iwdi mum e nder ladde, to bannge fuɗnaange jeereende Kalahari. Nde rewi ko ina wona fuɗnaange-rewo, nde rewi e nokku ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Bostwana, nde rewi fuɗnaange Lobatse, hakkunde wuro Gaborone e wuro Tlokweng, nde rewi wuro Mochudi. E joofnirde nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo nano to keerol Afrik worgo, ko 6 km tan woni ko woɗɗi e nokku ɗo Limpopo hawri e maayo Matlabas.&lt;ref&gt;Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko Notwane e hoore mum e ɓulli mum Taung, Segoditshane, Metsimotlhabe, Metsemaswaane e Nywane njippinta ndiyam ɗam.[1] Waafiiji mayri ɓurɗi mawnude ko maayooji Taung, Peleng, Metsimotlhabe e Nywane. Maayooji gonɗi e nder weeyo Notwane ɗii fof ko juutɗi, ina keɓa ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓol juutngol, fawaade e toɓooli. Maayo Notwane e Taung ina yoori e nder yontaaji yooro e nder duuvi yooro ina waawi yoorde haa timma hitaande ndee fof. Ɗee maayooji fof ina mbaawi saabaade ilam ɓuuɓɗam.[3]

== Tariya ==
Daande maayo Notwane ina joginoo yimɓe gila e jamaanu kaaƴe hakkundeejo. Koɗorde adannde hannde ndee ko Moshaweng, nde mawɗo Gaborone mo Tlokwa sosi e darorɗe kitaale 1880, sara nokku ɗo laamorgo hannde ngoo woni ɗoo.[4] Wuro Gaborone, ko yaajde koɗki adanki, ƴellitaama e maayo Notwane e kitaale 1960 e nder heen ko sabu ɓadtaade laawol laana njoorndi, e nder heen ko ngam heɓde ndiyam ɗam maayo ngoo rokkata.[5]

== Baraasuuji ==
[[File:Gaborone 25.92305E 24.68895S.jpg|thumb|240px|[[NASA]] picture of the Notwane River with the Gaborone Dam]]
Baraas Gaborone, baawɗo rokkude ndiyam wuro Gaborone, ina jogii 144 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (5,1×109 cu ft). Ko adii fof, baraas Ngotwane to Lehurutshe, Afrik worgo ina jogii 18 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (640 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo). E nder nokku ɗo baraas Gaborone woni ɗoo ina waɗi baraasuuji goɗɗi keewɗi, ko ɓuri heewde heen ko tokoosi no feewi, ko baraas Nnywane tan sara Lobatse huutortee ngam heɓde ndiyam nder galleeji. Caggal wizto 1992 ko faati e batte mavve e tovo ngo, vursugol ngol wazaama e mahngo baraaji tokoosi e nder nokkuuji vursugol ngol.[6]

== Fauna e leɗɗe ==
Nde wonnoo doggol Notwane ngol ko juutngol; keewceeral nguurndam ko ɓurngal toowde ɗoon e ɗoon dow maayo Gaborone, to fuɗnaange ɗo maayo Taung hawri. Leɗɗe maayo e nder ndeeɗoo nokku ina keewi jogaade ɓulli ndiyam tokoosi, hay so tawii ko e sahaaji yooro juutɗi.

Liɗɗi Afriknaaɓe ɓuuɓɗi, anndiraaɗi e nokku hee barbel, ko ɗiin liɗɗi ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ndiyam. Maayo ngoo ina wallita kadi e ƴiye tokoose ɗe ƴiye ƴiye, tilapia e karte naatnaaɗe.

Nguurndam colli ina ɓeydoo heewde so neɗɗo ɓadtiima baraas Gaborone, ɗum ina jeyaa heen limre ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye laamɗo. Liɗɗi Afrik ina njiyee sahaa kala, wondude e ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye darter afrik. Verreaux's eagle-owl ina tawee e nokku hee kadi kite yellow-billed ko njilluuji keewɗi e ndunngu. Koɗorɗe boɗeeje fuɗnaange, koɗorɗe boɗeeje fuɗnaange e ƴiye jibinannde ina keewi yiyeede e laddeeji taariiɗi ɗii.

Monkey vervet ina heewi e saraaji maayo ɓurngo ɓadaade baraas Gaborone. Baon Chacma ina waawi kadi hawreede e mbaydiiji antelopeeji ko wayi no kudu e impala ina ngoodi, kono ina famɗi. Lesser bushbaby nest e nder ndeeɗoo nokku e jaak ɓaleejo ina nanaa sahaa e sahaa fof e kikiiɗe. Yimɓe seeɗa e mborosaaji niil ina nguuri e nder ŋoral les maayo saraaji baraas Gaborone. Monitor nile e monitor kaaƴe fof ina mbaɗa e nokku hee, gadanol ngol ɓuri yiyeede ko heewi. Leɗɗe maayo e leɗɗe taariiɗe ɗum kadi ina ndokka nokkuuji moƴƴi ngam hoɗde e ƴiye kaaƴe Afrik e kobraaji ɓuuɓɗi mosammbik.

Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo ngoo ko leɗɗe berry syringa, fijirde ndiyam e bauhinia daneejo. Berrytree syringa ko lekki ɓuuɓki, ummoriiɗo leydi Inndo. Leɗɗe maayo ina njokki e rokkude laawol leɗɗe akasiya. Ɗaɗi buubaaji, ɓiɗɓe paperback e knobthorn ina keewi e ndeeɗoo leɗɗe. Marula e wattle bojji ina tawee kadi e nokku hee.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Notwane''' (walla maayo Nggotwane) ko maayo wonngo fuɗnaange-rewo Bostwana. Won e taƴe e laawol maggal ina mbaɗi keeri hakkunde leyɗeele e Afrik worgo. Hunnduko mayre woni ko e hoore maayo Limpopo. Ina waɗi 18 053 ​​kiloomeeteer kaaree (6 970 miil kaaree).

== Yahde ==
[[File:Blue Train in Notwane Bridge.jpg|thumb|left|Train crossing bridge over Notwane River]]
Notwane ina ummoo fotde kilooji 11 (6,8 mi) to fuɗnaange Ramotswa, ina doga e keerol ngol to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange ngam naatde Limpopo e njuuteendi Mahalapye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Yadava 2003, p. 125&lt;/ref&gt; Notwane ina jogii iwdi mum e nder ladde, to bannge fuɗnaange jeereende Kalahari. Nde rewi ko ina wona fuɗnaange-rewo, nde rewi e nokku ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Bostwana, nde rewi fuɗnaange Lobatse, hakkunde wuro Gaborone e wuro Tlokweng, nde rewi wuro Mochudi. E joofnirde nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo nano to keerol Afrik worgo, ko 6 km tan woni ko woɗɗi e nokku ɗo Limpopo hawri e maayo Matlabas.&lt;ref&gt;Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko Notwane e hoore mum e ɓulli mum Taung, Segoditshane, Metsimotlhabe, Metsemaswaane e Nywane njippinta ndiyam ɗam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Waafiiji mayri ɓurɗi mawnude ko maayooji Taung, Peleng, Metsimotlhabe e Nywane. Maayooji gonɗi e nder weeyo Notwane ɗii fof ko juutɗi, ina keɓa ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓol juutngol, fawaade e toɓooli. Maayo Notwane e Taung ina yoori e nder yontaaji yooro e nder duuvi yooro ina waawi yoorde haa timma hitaande ndee fof. Ɗee maayooji fof ina mbaawi saabaade ilam ɓuuɓɗam.[3]

== Tariya ==
Daande maayo Notwane ina joginoo yimɓe gila e jamaanu kaaƴe hakkundeejo. Koɗorde adannde hannde ndee ko Moshaweng, nde mawɗo Gaborone mo Tlokwa sosi e darorɗe kitaale 1880, sara nokku ɗo laamorgo hannde ngoo woni ɗoo.[4] Wuro Gaborone, ko yaajde koɗki adanki, ƴellitaama e maayo Notwane e kitaale 1960 e nder heen ko sabu ɓadtaade laawol laana njoorndi, e nder heen ko ngam heɓde ndiyam ɗam maayo ngoo rokkata.[5]

== Baraasuuji ==
[[File:Gaborone 25.92305E 24.68895S.jpg|thumb|240px|[[NASA]] picture of the Notwane River with the Gaborone Dam]]
Baraas Gaborone, baawɗo rokkude ndiyam wuro Gaborone, ina jogii 144 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (5,1×109 cu ft). Ko adii fof, baraas Ngotwane to Lehurutshe, Afrik worgo ina jogii 18 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (640 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo). E nder nokku ɗo baraas Gaborone woni ɗoo ina waɗi baraasuuji goɗɗi keewɗi, ko ɓuri heewde heen ko tokoosi no feewi, ko baraas Nnywane tan sara Lobatse huutortee ngam heɓde ndiyam nder galleeji. Caggal wizto 1992 ko faati e batte mavve e tovo ngo, vursugol ngol wazaama e mahngo baraaji tokoosi e nder nokkuuji vursugol ngol.[6]

== Fauna e leɗɗe ==
Nde wonnoo doggol Notwane ngol ko juutngol; keewceeral nguurndam ko ɓurngal toowde ɗoon e ɗoon dow maayo Gaborone, to fuɗnaange ɗo maayo Taung hawri. Leɗɗe maayo e nder ndeeɗoo nokku ina keewi jogaade ɓulli ndiyam tokoosi, hay so tawii ko e sahaaji yooro juutɗi.

Liɗɗi Afriknaaɓe ɓuuɓɗi, anndiraaɗi e nokku hee barbel, ko ɗiin liɗɗi ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ndiyam. Maayo ngoo ina wallita kadi e ƴiye tokoose ɗe ƴiye ƴiye, tilapia e karte naatnaaɗe.

Nguurndam colli ina ɓeydoo heewde so neɗɗo ɓadtiima baraas Gaborone, ɗum ina jeyaa heen limre ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye laamɗo. Liɗɗi Afrik ina njiyee sahaa kala, wondude e ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye darter afrik. Verreaux's eagle-owl ina tawee e nokku hee kadi kite yellow-billed ko njilluuji keewɗi e ndunngu. Koɗorɗe boɗeeje fuɗnaange, koɗorɗe boɗeeje fuɗnaange e ƴiye jibinannde ina keewi yiyeede e laddeeji taariiɗi ɗii.

Monkey vervet ina heewi e saraaji maayo ɓurngo ɓadaade baraas Gaborone. Baon Chacma ina waawi kadi hawreede e mbaydiiji antelopeeji ko wayi no kudu e impala ina ngoodi, kono ina famɗi. Lesser bushbaby nest e nder ndeeɗoo nokku e jaak ɓaleejo ina nanaa sahaa e sahaa fof e kikiiɗe. Yimɓe seeɗa e mborosaaji niil ina nguuri e nder ŋoral les maayo saraaji baraas Gaborone. Monitor nile e monitor kaaƴe fof ina mbaɗa e nokku hee, gadanol ngol ɓuri yiyeede ko heewi. Leɗɗe maayo e leɗɗe taariiɗe ɗum kadi ina ndokka nokkuuji moƴƴi ngam hoɗde e ƴiye kaaƴe Afrik e kobraaji ɓuuɓɗi mosammbik.

Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo ngoo ko leɗɗe berry syringa, fijirde ndiyam e bauhinia daneejo. Berrytree syringa ko lekki ɓuuɓki, ummoriiɗo leydi Inndo. Leɗɗe maayo ina njokki e rokkude laawol leɗɗe akasiya. Ɗaɗi buubaaji, ɓiɗɓe paperback e knobthorn ina keewi e ndeeɗoo leɗɗe. Marula e wattle bojji ina tawee kadi e nokku hee.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Notwane''' (walla maayo Nggotwane) ko maayo wonngo fuɗnaange-rewo Bostwana. Won e taƴe e laawol maggal ina mbaɗi keeri hakkunde leyɗeele e Afrik worgo. Hunnduko mayre woni ko e hoore maayo Limpopo. Ina waɗi 18 053 ​​kiloomeeteer kaaree (6 970 miil kaaree).

== Yahde ==
[[File:Blue Train in Notwane Bridge.jpg|thumb|left|Train crossing bridge over Notwane River]]
Notwane ina ummoo fotde kilooji 11 (6,8 mi) to fuɗnaange Ramotswa, ina doga e keerol ngol to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange ngam naatde Limpopo e njuuteendi Mahalapye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Yadava 2003, p. 125&lt;/ref&gt; Notwane ina jogii iwdi mum e nder ladde, to bannge fuɗnaange jeereende Kalahari. Nde rewi ko ina wona fuɗnaange-rewo, nde rewi e nokku ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Bostwana, nde rewi fuɗnaange Lobatse, hakkunde wuro Gaborone e wuro Tlokweng, nde rewi wuro Mochudi. E joofnirde nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo nano to keerol Afrik worgo, ko 6 km tan woni ko woɗɗi e nokku ɗo Limpopo hawri e maayo Matlabas.&lt;ref&gt;Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko Notwane e hoore mum e ɓulli mum Taung, Segoditshane, Metsimotlhabe, Metsemaswaane e Nywane njippinta ndiyam ɗam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Waafiiji mayri ɓurɗi mawnude ko maayooji Taung, Peleng, Metsimotlhabe e Nywane. Maayooji gonɗi e nder weeyo Notwane ɗii fof ko juutɗi, ina keɓa ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓol juutngol, fawaade e toɓooli. Maayo Notwane e Taung ina yoori e nder yontaaji yooro e nder duuvi yooro ina waawi yoorde haa timma hitaande ndee fof. Ɗee maayooji fof ina mbaawi saabaade ilam ɓuuɓɗam.&lt;ref&gt;The South East District, Botswana Archived 2011-12-09 at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tariya ==
Daande maayo Notwane ina joginoo yimɓe gila e jamaanu kaaƴe hakkundeejo. Koɗorde adannde hannde ndee ko Moshaweng, nde mawɗo Gaborone mo Tlokwa sosi e darorɗe kitaale 1880, sara nokku ɗo laamorgo hannde ngoo woni ɗoo.[4] Wuro Gaborone, ko yaajde koɗki adanki, ƴellitaama e maayo Notwane e kitaale 1960 e nder heen ko sabu ɓadtaade laawol laana njoorndi, e nder heen ko ngam heɓde ndiyam ɗam maayo ngoo rokkata.[5]

== Baraasuuji ==
[[File:Gaborone 25.92305E 24.68895S.jpg|thumb|240px|[[NASA]] picture of the Notwane River with the Gaborone Dam]]
Baraas Gaborone, baawɗo rokkude ndiyam wuro Gaborone, ina jogii 144 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (5,1×109 cu ft). Ko adii fof, baraas Ngotwane to Lehurutshe, Afrik worgo ina jogii 18 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (640 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo). E nder nokku ɗo baraas Gaborone woni ɗoo ina waɗi baraasuuji goɗɗi keewɗi, ko ɓuri heewde heen ko tokoosi no feewi, ko baraas Nnywane tan sara Lobatse huutortee ngam heɓde ndiyam nder galleeji. Caggal wizto 1992 ko faati e batte mavve e tovo ngo, vursugol ngol wazaama e mahngo baraaji tokoosi e nder nokkuuji vursugol ngol.[6]

== Fauna e leɗɗe ==
Nde wonnoo doggol Notwane ngol ko juutngol; keewceeral nguurndam ko ɓurngal toowde ɗoon e ɗoon dow maayo Gaborone, to fuɗnaange ɗo maayo Taung hawri. Leɗɗe maayo e nder ndeeɗoo nokku ina keewi jogaade ɓulli ndiyam tokoosi, hay so tawii ko e sahaaji yooro juutɗi.

Liɗɗi Afriknaaɓe ɓuuɓɗi, anndiraaɗi e nokku hee barbel, ko ɗiin liɗɗi ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ndiyam. Maayo ngoo ina wallita kadi e ƴiye tokoose ɗe ƴiye ƴiye, tilapia e karte naatnaaɗe.

Nguurndam colli ina ɓeydoo heewde so neɗɗo ɓadtiima baraas Gaborone, ɗum ina jeyaa heen limre ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye laamɗo. Liɗɗi Afrik ina njiyee sahaa kala, wondude e ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye darter afrik. Verreaux's eagle-owl ina tawee e nokku hee kadi kite yellow-billed ko njilluuji keewɗi e ndunngu. Koɗorɗe boɗeeje fuɗnaange, koɗorɗe boɗeeje fuɗnaange e ƴiye jibinannde ina keewi yiyeede e laddeeji taariiɗi ɗii.

Monkey vervet ina heewi e saraaji maayo ɓurngo ɓadaade baraas Gaborone. Baon Chacma ina waawi kadi hawreede e mbaydiiji antelopeeji ko wayi no kudu e impala ina ngoodi, kono ina famɗi. Lesser bushbaby nest e nder ndeeɗoo nokku e jaak ɓaleejo ina nanaa sahaa e sahaa fof e kikiiɗe. Yimɓe seeɗa e mborosaaji niil ina nguuri e nder ŋoral les maayo saraaji baraas Gaborone. Monitor nile e monitor kaaƴe fof ina mbaɗa e nokku hee, gadanol ngol ɓuri yiyeede ko heewi. Leɗɗe maayo e leɗɗe taariiɗe ɗum kadi ina ndokka nokkuuji moƴƴi ngam hoɗde e ƴiye kaaƴe Afrik e kobraaji ɓuuɓɗi mosammbik.

Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo ngoo ko leɗɗe berry syringa, fijirde ndiyam e bauhinia daneejo. Berrytree syringa ko lekki ɓuuɓki, ummoriiɗo leydi Inndo. Leɗɗe maayo ina njokki e rokkude laawol leɗɗe akasiya. Ɗaɗi buubaaji, ɓiɗɓe paperback e knobthorn ina keewi e ndeeɗoo leɗɗe. Marula e wattle bojji ina tawee kadi e nokku hee.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Notwane''' (walla maayo Nggotwane) ko maayo wonngo fuɗnaange-rewo Bostwana. Won e taƴe e laawol maggal ina mbaɗi keeri hakkunde leyɗeele e Afrik worgo. Hunnduko mayre woni ko e hoore maayo Limpopo. Ina waɗi 18 053 ​​kiloomeeteer kaaree (6 970 miil kaaree).

== Yahde ==
[[File:Blue Train in Notwane Bridge.jpg|thumb|left|Train crossing bridge over Notwane River]]
Notwane ina ummoo fotde kilooji 11 (6,8 mi) to fuɗnaange Ramotswa, ina doga e keerol ngol to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange ngam naatde Limpopo e njuuteendi Mahalapye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Yadava 2003, p. 125&lt;/ref&gt; Notwane ina jogii iwdi mum e nder ladde, to bannge fuɗnaange jeereende Kalahari. Nde rewi ko ina wona fuɗnaange-rewo, nde rewi e nokku ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Bostwana, nde rewi fuɗnaange Lobatse, hakkunde wuro Gaborone e wuro Tlokweng, nde rewi wuro Mochudi. E joofnirde nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo nano to keerol Afrik worgo, ko 6 km tan woni ko woɗɗi e nokku ɗo Limpopo hawri e maayo Matlabas.&lt;ref&gt;Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko Notwane e hoore mum e ɓulli mum Taung, Segoditshane, Metsimotlhabe, Metsemaswaane e Nywane njippinta ndiyam ɗam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Waafiiji mayri ɓurɗi mawnude ko maayooji Taung, Peleng, Metsimotlhabe e Nywane. Maayooji gonɗi e nder weeyo Notwane ɗii fof ko juutɗi, ina keɓa ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓol juutngol, fawaade e toɓooli. Maayo Notwane e Taung ina yoori e nder yontaaji yooro e nder duuvi yooro ina waawi yoorde haa timma hitaande ndee fof. Ɗee maayooji fof ina mbaawi saabaade ilam ɓuuɓɗam.&lt;ref&gt;The South East District, Botswana Archived 2011-12-09 at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tariya ==
Daande maayo Notwane ina joginoo yimɓe gila e jamaanu kaaƴe hakkundeejo. Koɗorde adannde hannde ndee ko Moshaweng, nde mawɗo Gaborone mo Tlokwa sosi e darorɗe kitaale 1880, sara nokku ɗo laamorgo hannde ngoo woni ɗoo.&lt;ref&gt;Firestone &amp; Karlin 2010, p. 79&lt;/ref&gt; Wuro Gaborone, ko yaajde koɗki adanki, ƴellitaama e maayo Notwane e kitaale 1960 e nder heen ko sabu ɓadtaade laawol laana njoorndi, e nder heen ko ngam heɓde ndiyam ɗam maayo ngoo rokkata.[5]

== Baraasuuji ==
[[File:Gaborone 25.92305E 24.68895S.jpg|thumb|240px|[[NASA]] picture of the Notwane River with the Gaborone Dam]]
Baraas Gaborone, baawɗo rokkude ndiyam wuro Gaborone, ina jogii 144 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (5,1×109 cu ft). Ko adii fof, baraas Ngotwane to Lehurutshe, Afrik worgo ina jogii 18 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (640 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo). E nder nokku ɗo baraas Gaborone woni ɗoo ina waɗi baraasuuji goɗɗi keewɗi, ko ɓuri heewde heen ko tokoosi no feewi, ko baraas Nnywane tan sara Lobatse huutortee ngam heɓde ndiyam nder galleeji. Caggal wizto 1992 ko faati e batte mavve e tovo ngo, vursugol ngol wazaama e mahngo baraaji tokoosi e nder nokkuuji vursugol ngol.[6]

== Fauna e leɗɗe ==
Nde wonnoo doggol Notwane ngol ko juutngol; keewceeral nguurndam ko ɓurngal toowde ɗoon e ɗoon dow maayo Gaborone, to fuɗnaange ɗo maayo Taung hawri. Leɗɗe maayo e nder ndeeɗoo nokku ina keewi jogaade ɓulli ndiyam tokoosi, hay so tawii ko e sahaaji yooro juutɗi.

Liɗɗi Afriknaaɓe ɓuuɓɗi, anndiraaɗi e nokku hee barbel, ko ɗiin liɗɗi ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ndiyam. Maayo ngoo ina wallita kadi e ƴiye tokoose ɗe ƴiye ƴiye, tilapia e karte naatnaaɗe.

Nguurndam colli ina ɓeydoo heewde so neɗɗo ɓadtiima baraas Gaborone, ɗum ina jeyaa heen limre ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye laamɗo. Liɗɗi Afrik ina njiyee sahaa kala, wondude e ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye darter afrik. Verreaux's eagle-owl ina tawee e nokku hee kadi kite yellow-billed ko njilluuji keewɗi e ndunngu. Koɗorɗe boɗeeje fuɗnaange, koɗorɗe boɗeeje fuɗnaange e ƴiye jibinannde ina keewi yiyeede e laddeeji taariiɗi ɗii.

Monkey vervet ina heewi e saraaji maayo ɓurngo ɓadaade baraas Gaborone. Baon Chacma ina waawi kadi hawreede e mbaydiiji antelopeeji ko wayi no kudu e impala ina ngoodi, kono ina famɗi. Lesser bushbaby nest e nder ndeeɗoo nokku e jaak ɓaleejo ina nanaa sahaa e sahaa fof e kikiiɗe. Yimɓe seeɗa e mborosaaji niil ina nguuri e nder ŋoral les maayo saraaji baraas Gaborone. Monitor nile e monitor kaaƴe fof ina mbaɗa e nokku hee, gadanol ngol ɓuri yiyeede ko heewi. Leɗɗe maayo e leɗɗe taariiɗe ɗum kadi ina ndokka nokkuuji moƴƴi ngam hoɗde e ƴiye kaaƴe Afrik e kobraaji ɓuuɓɗi mosammbik.

Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo ngoo ko leɗɗe berry syringa, fijirde ndiyam e bauhinia daneejo. Berrytree syringa ko lekki ɓuuɓki, ummoriiɗo leydi Inndo. Leɗɗe maayo ina njokki e rokkude laawol leɗɗe akasiya. Ɗaɗi buubaaji, ɓiɗɓe paperback e knobthorn ina keewi e ndeeɗoo leɗɗe. Marula e wattle bojji ina tawee kadi e nokku hee.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Notwane''' (walla maayo Nggotwane) ko maayo wonngo fuɗnaange-rewo Bostwana. Won e taƴe e laawol maggal ina mbaɗi keeri hakkunde leyɗeele e Afrik worgo. Hunnduko mayre woni ko e hoore maayo Limpopo. Ina waɗi 18 053 ​​kiloomeeteer kaaree (6 970 miil kaaree).

== Yahde ==
[[File:Blue Train in Notwane Bridge.jpg|thumb|left|Train crossing bridge over Notwane River]]
Notwane ina ummoo fotde kilooji 11 (6,8 mi) to fuɗnaange Ramotswa, ina doga e keerol ngol to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange ngam naatde Limpopo e njuuteendi Mahalapye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Yadava 2003, p. 125&lt;/ref&gt; Notwane ina jogii iwdi mum e nder ladde, to bannge fuɗnaange jeereende Kalahari. Nde rewi ko ina wona fuɗnaange-rewo, nde rewi e nokku ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Bostwana, nde rewi fuɗnaange Lobatse, hakkunde wuro Gaborone e wuro Tlokweng, nde rewi wuro Mochudi. E joofnirde nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo nano to keerol Afrik worgo, ko 6 km tan woni ko woɗɗi e nokku ɗo Limpopo hawri e maayo Matlabas.&lt;ref&gt;Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko Notwane e hoore mum e ɓulli mum Taung, Segoditshane, Metsimotlhabe, Metsemaswaane e Nywane njippinta ndiyam ɗam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Waafiiji mayri ɓurɗi mawnude ko maayooji Taung, Peleng, Metsimotlhabe e Nywane. Maayooji gonɗi e nder weeyo Notwane ɗii fof ko juutɗi, ina keɓa ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓol juutngol, fawaade e toɓooli. Maayo Notwane e Taung ina yoori e nder yontaaji yooro e nder duuvi yooro ina waawi yoorde haa timma hitaande ndee fof. Ɗee maayooji fof ina mbaawi saabaade ilam ɓuuɓɗam.&lt;ref&gt;The South East District, Botswana Archived 2011-12-09 at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tariya ==
Daande maayo Notwane ina joginoo yimɓe gila e jamaanu kaaƴe hakkundeejo. Koɗorde adannde hannde ndee ko Moshaweng, nde mawɗo Gaborone mo Tlokwa sosi e darorɗe kitaale 1880, sara nokku ɗo laamorgo hannde ngoo woni ɗoo.&lt;ref&gt;Firestone &amp; Karlin 2010, p. 79&lt;/ref&gt; Wuro Gaborone, ko yaajde koɗki adanki, ƴellitaama e maayo Notwane e kitaale 1960 e nder heen ko sabu ɓadtaade laawol laana njoorndi, e nder heen ko ngam heɓde ndiyam ɗam maayo ngoo rokkata.&lt;ref&gt;Mwakikagile 2009, p. 59.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraasuuji ==
[[File:Gaborone 25.92305E 24.68895S.jpg|thumb|240px|[[NASA]] picture of the Notwane River with the Gaborone Dam]]
Baraas Gaborone, baawɗo rokkude ndiyam wuro Gaborone, ina jogii 144 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (5,1×109 cu ft). Ko adii fof, baraas Ngotwane to Lehurutshe, Afrik worgo ina jogii 18 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (640 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo). E nder nokku ɗo baraas Gaborone woni ɗoo ina waɗi baraasuuji goɗɗi keewɗi, ko ɓuri heewde heen ko tokoosi no feewi, ko baraas Nnywane tan sara Lobatse huutortee ngam heɓde ndiyam nder galleeji. Caggal wizto 1992 ko faati e batte mavve e tovo ngo, vursugol ngol wazaama e mahngo baraaji tokoosi e nder nokkuuji vursugol ngol.[6]

== Fauna e leɗɗe ==
Nde wonnoo doggol Notwane ngol ko juutngol; keewceeral nguurndam ko ɓurngal toowde ɗoon e ɗoon dow maayo Gaborone, to fuɗnaange ɗo maayo Taung hawri. Leɗɗe maayo e nder ndeeɗoo nokku ina keewi jogaade ɓulli ndiyam tokoosi, hay so tawii ko e sahaaji yooro juutɗi.

Liɗɗi Afriknaaɓe ɓuuɓɗi, anndiraaɗi e nokku hee barbel, ko ɗiin liɗɗi ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ndiyam. Maayo ngoo ina wallita kadi e ƴiye tokoose ɗe ƴiye ƴiye, tilapia e karte naatnaaɗe.

Nguurndam colli ina ɓeydoo heewde so neɗɗo ɓadtiima baraas Gaborone, ɗum ina jeyaa heen limre ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye laamɗo. Liɗɗi Afrik ina njiyee sahaa kala, wondude e ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye darter afrik. Verreaux's eagle-owl ina tawee e nokku hee kadi kite yellow-billed ko njilluuji keewɗi e ndunngu. Koɗorɗe boɗeeje fuɗnaange, koɗorɗe boɗeeje fuɗnaange e ƴiye jibinannde ina keewi yiyeede e laddeeji taariiɗi ɗii.

Monkey vervet ina heewi e saraaji maayo ɓurngo ɓadaade baraas Gaborone. Baon Chacma ina waawi kadi hawreede e mbaydiiji antelopeeji ko wayi no kudu e impala ina ngoodi, kono ina famɗi. Lesser bushbaby nest e nder ndeeɗoo nokku e jaak ɓaleejo ina nanaa sahaa e sahaa fof e kikiiɗe. Yimɓe seeɗa e mborosaaji niil ina nguuri e nder ŋoral les maayo saraaji baraas Gaborone. Monitor nile e monitor kaaƴe fof ina mbaɗa e nokku hee, gadanol ngol ɓuri yiyeede ko heewi. Leɗɗe maayo e leɗɗe taariiɗe ɗum kadi ina ndokka nokkuuji moƴƴi ngam hoɗde e ƴiye kaaƴe Afrik e kobraaji ɓuuɓɗi mosammbik.

Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo ngoo ko leɗɗe berry syringa, fijirde ndiyam e bauhinia daneejo. Berrytree syringa ko lekki ɓuuɓki, ummoriiɗo leydi Inndo. Leɗɗe maayo ina njokki e rokkude laawol leɗɗe akasiya. Ɗaɗi buubaaji, ɓiɗɓe paperback e knobthorn ina keewi e ndeeɗoo leɗɗe. Marula e wattle bojji ina tawee kadi e nokku hee.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Notwane''' (walla maayo Nggotwane) ko maayo wonngo fuɗnaange-rewo Bostwana. Won e taƴe e laawol maggal ina mbaɗi keeri hakkunde leyɗeele e Afrik worgo. Hunnduko mayre woni ko e hoore maayo Limpopo. Ina waɗi 18 053 ​​kiloomeeteer kaaree (6 970 miil kaaree).

== Yahde ==
[[File:Blue Train in Notwane Bridge.jpg|thumb|left|Train crossing bridge over Notwane River]]
Notwane ina ummoo fotde kilooji 11 (6,8 mi) to fuɗnaange Ramotswa, ina doga e keerol ngol to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange ngam naatde Limpopo e njuuteendi Mahalapye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Yadava 2003, p. 125&lt;/ref&gt; Notwane ina jogii iwdi mum e nder ladde, to bannge fuɗnaange jeereende Kalahari. Nde rewi ko ina wona fuɗnaange-rewo, nde rewi e nokku ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Bostwana, nde rewi fuɗnaange Lobatse, hakkunde wuro Gaborone e wuro Tlokweng, nde rewi wuro Mochudi. E joofnirde nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo nano to keerol Afrik worgo, ko 6 km tan woni ko woɗɗi e nokku ɗo Limpopo hawri e maayo Matlabas.&lt;ref&gt;Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko Notwane e hoore mum e ɓulli mum Taung, Segoditshane, Metsimotlhabe, Metsemaswaane e Nywane njippinta ndiyam ɗam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Waafiiji mayri ɓurɗi mawnude ko maayooji Taung, Peleng, Metsimotlhabe e Nywane. Maayooji gonɗi e nder weeyo Notwane ɗii fof ko juutɗi, ina keɓa ko ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓol juutngol, fawaade e toɓooli. Maayo Notwane e Taung ina yoori e nder yontaaji yooro e nder duuvi yooro ina waawi yoorde haa timma hitaande ndee fof. Ɗee maayooji fof ina mbaawi saabaade ilam ɓuuɓɗam.&lt;ref&gt;The South East District, Botswana Archived 2011-12-09 at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tariya ==
Daande maayo Notwane ina joginoo yimɓe gila e jamaanu kaaƴe hakkundeejo. Koɗorde adannde hannde ndee ko Moshaweng, nde mawɗo Gaborone mo Tlokwa sosi e darorɗe kitaale 1880, sara nokku ɗo laamorgo hannde ngoo woni ɗoo.&lt;ref&gt;Firestone &amp; Karlin 2010, p. 79&lt;/ref&gt; Wuro Gaborone, ko yaajde koɗki adanki, ƴellitaama e maayo Notwane e kitaale 1960 e nder heen ko sabu ɓadtaade laawol laana njoorndi, e nder heen ko ngam heɓde ndiyam ɗam maayo ngoo rokkata.&lt;ref&gt;Mwakikagile 2009, p. 59.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraasuuji ==
[[File:Gaborone 25.92305E 24.68895S.jpg|thumb|240px|[[NASA]] picture of the Notwane River with the Gaborone Dam]]
Baraas Gaborone, baawɗo rokkude ndiyam wuro Gaborone, ina jogii 144 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (5,1×109 cu ft). Ko adii fof, baraas Ngotwane to Lehurutshe, Afrik worgo ina jogii 18 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (640 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo). E nder nokku ɗo baraas Gaborone woni ɗoo ina waɗi baraasuuji goɗɗi keewɗi, ko ɓuri heewde heen ko tokoosi no feewi, ko baraas Nnywane tan sara Lobatse huutortee ngam heɓde ndiyam nder galleeji. Caggal wizto 1992 ko faati e batte mavve e tovo ngo, vursugol ngol wazaama e mahngo baraaji tokoosi e nder nokkuuji vursugol ngol.&lt;ref&gt;Molaodi 2006&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fauna e leɗɗe ==
Nde wonnoo doggol Notwane ngol ko juutngol; keewceeral nguurndam ko ɓurngal toowde ɗoon e ɗoon dow maayo Gaborone, to fuɗnaange ɗo maayo Taung hawri. Leɗɗe maayo e nder ndeeɗoo nokku ina keewi jogaade ɓulli ndiyam tokoosi, hay so tawii ko e sahaaji yooro juutɗi.

Liɗɗi Afriknaaɓe ɓuuɓɗi, anndiraaɗi e nokku hee barbel, ko ɗiin liɗɗi ɓuri heewde e ɗeen ndiyam. Maayo ngoo ina wallita kadi e ƴiye tokoose ɗe ƴiye ƴiye, tilapia e karte naatnaaɗe.

Nguurndam colli ina ɓeydoo heewde so neɗɗo ɓadtiima baraas Gaborone, ɗum ina jeyaa heen limre ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye laamɗo. Liɗɗi Afrik ina njiyee sahaa kala, wondude e ƴiye ƴiye e ƴiye darter afrik. Verreaux's eagle-owl ina tawee e nokku hee kadi kite yellow-billed ko njilluuji keewɗi e ndunngu. Koɗorɗe boɗeeje fuɗnaange, koɗorɗe boɗeeje fuɗnaange e ƴiye jibinannde ina keewi yiyeede e laddeeji taariiɗi ɗii.

Monkey vervet ina heewi e saraaji maayo ɓurngo ɓadaade baraas Gaborone. Baon Chacma ina waawi kadi hawreede e mbaydiiji antelopeeji ko wayi no kudu e impala ina ngoodi, kono ina famɗi. Lesser bushbaby nest e nder ndeeɗoo nokku e jaak ɓaleejo ina nanaa sahaa e sahaa fof e kikiiɗe. Yimɓe seeɗa e mborosaaji niil ina nguuri e nder ŋoral les maayo saraaji baraas Gaborone. Monitor nile e monitor kaaƴe fof ina mbaɗa e nokku hee, gadanol ngol ɓuri yiyeede ko heewi. Leɗɗe maayo e leɗɗe taariiɗe ɗum kadi ina ndokka nokkuuji moƴƴi ngam hoɗde e ƴiye kaaƴe Afrik e kobraaji ɓuuɓɗi mosammbik.

Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo ngoo ko leɗɗe berry syringa, fijirde ndiyam e bauhinia daneejo. Berrytree syringa ko lekki ɓuuɓki, ummoriiɗo leydi Inndo. Leɗɗe maayo ina njokki e rokkude laawol leɗɗe akasiya. Ɗaɗi buubaaji, ɓiɗɓe paperback e knobthorn ina keewi e ndeeɗoo leɗɗe. Marula e wattle bojji ina tawee kadi e nokku hee.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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    <title>Nduese Essien</title>
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      <text bytes="3217" sha1="r21svez5amq5c0kec1a3un94sbd9non" xml:space="preserve">Nduese Essien listenR (jibinaa ko 2 lewru feebariyee 1944) ko wakiliijo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo e diiwaan Akwa Ibom tuggi 1999 haa 2007, darnde nde o joginoo e nder suudu sarɗiiji ina jeyaa heen hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya, hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya e hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii. Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Umaru Yar'Adua, e nder Goomu karallaagal to bannge diiwaan Niiseer, ɗo o gollodii e woɗɓe ngam safrude caɗeele diiwaan keewɗo petroŋ oo. O toɗɗaa kadi jaagorgal leydi ndii, koɗki e ƴellitaare gure ñalnde 6 abriil 2010, nde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Goodluck Jonathan habri kabine mum keso.

Nguurndam gadano
Essien jibinaa ko ñalnde 2 feebariyee 1944 e nder galle mawɗo Johnie Essien Etukudo mo Nta Isip-Ikot Ibiok, nokku laamu Eket to diiwaan Akwa Ibom.

Jaŋde leslesre e hakkundeere
O naati duɗal Eket Group, duɗal Ofriyo Group, e duɗal leslesal Egliis Qua Iboe, Usung Inyang, Eket, hakkunde 1949 e 1957, o heɓi seedantaagal makko gadanal yaltude duɗal e distinction e hitaande 1957. E nder hitaande ndee tan, o yahi to duɗal hakkundeewal Salvation Army, Akaing U6de makko ɗiɗaɓo Ɗiɗi njaltii e jaŋde seedantaagal duɗe Afrik hirnaange (WASCE).

Jaŋde toownde
Essien jokki jaŋde mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St Augustine’s Grammar School, Nkwerre, to Orlu hakkunde 1963 e 1964, ɗo o heɓi jaŋde seedantaagal duɗal toowngal (HSc), ko ɗum addani mo naatde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Jaɓde makko heɓde dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde taƴaa ko e caɗeele Najeriya e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele caggal ɗuum (1965–1970). E nder ooɗoo sahaa, o jannginii e duɗe hakkundeeje keewɗe, ina jeyaa heen duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Evangel, Old Umuahia ; Duɗal ɗemngal Okija, Okija; e Duɗal Jaŋde Siftorde Edoho, Ikot Usekong, Eket.

O heɓi naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello (ABU), Zaria, e lewru suwee 1969, ɗo o janngi haa o heɓi dipolom makko to bannge ganndal (BSc) e njuɓɓudi njulaagu, o heɓi heen seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1972.

Kugal
Nde o timmini jaŋde makko, Essien fuɗɗii golle mum ko e njuɓɓudi njulaagu, caggal ɗuum o wonti balloowo njuɓɓudi yeeyirde to fedde jaayndeeji diiwaan Cross River, bayyinoowo jaayndeeji Nigerian Chronicle.

E hitaande 1974, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal, Calabar (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cross River State), o woni jannginoowo. O woppi golle e hitaande 1979 ngam sosde gollorde makko to bannge njuɓɓudi.

Njulaagu e njulaagu
Essien sosi Studentscare Services Ltd, sosiyetee bayyinoowo e yeeyde defte, jogiiɗo birooji mum to Calabar e caɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Uyo e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Calabar. O waɗii kursuuji keewɗi e nder nguurndam makko, o woni ko e ƴellitde Marketing, Ƴellitaare e heblo njuɓɓudi, njuɓɓudi gollotooɓe e jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe, e njuɓɓudi fitinaaji, e nder leydi Najeriya e caggal leydi. O jeyaa ko e Duɗal Njuɓɓudi Naajeeriya (NIM).

Golle politik e golle laamu
Nduese Essien hawritii e golle mum njulaagu e darnde tiiɗnde e nder golle renndo e politik.

Naatgol politik e fuɗɗoode</text>
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      <text bytes="5663" sha1="7kizu4sgkpgymvg0gzos0envo6bhvx8" xml:space="preserve">Nduese Essien listenR (jibinaa ko 2 lewru feebariyee 1944) ko wakiliijo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo e diiwaan Akwa Ibom tuggi 1999 haa 2007, darnde nde o joginoo e nder suudu sarɗiiji ina jeyaa heen hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya, hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya e hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii. Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Umaru Yar'Adua, e nder Goomu karallaagal to bannge diiwaan Niiseer, ɗo o gollodii e woɗɓe ngam safrude caɗeele diiwaan keewɗo petroŋ oo. O toɗɗaa kadi jaagorgal leydi ndii, koɗki e ƴellitaare gure ñalnde 6 abriil 2010, nde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Goodluck Jonathan habri kabine mum keso.

Nguurndam gadano
Essien jibinaa ko ñalnde 2 feebariyee 1944 e nder galle mawɗo Johnie Essien Etukudo mo Nta Isip-Ikot Ibiok, nokku laamu Eket to diiwaan Akwa Ibom.

Jaŋde leslesre e hakkundeere
O naati duɗal Eket Group, duɗal Ofriyo Group, e duɗal leslesal Egliis Qua Iboe, Usung Inyang, Eket, hakkunde 1949 e 1957, o heɓi seedantaagal makko gadanal yaltude duɗal e distinction e hitaande 1957. E nder hitaande ndee tan, o yahi to duɗal hakkundeewal Salvation Army, Akaing U6de makko ɗiɗaɓo Ɗiɗi njaltii e jaŋde seedantaagal duɗe Afrik hirnaange (WASCE).

Jaŋde toownde
Essien jokki jaŋde mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St Augustine’s Grammar School, Nkwerre, to Orlu hakkunde 1963 e 1964, ɗo o heɓi jaŋde seedantaagal duɗal toowngal (HSc), ko ɗum addani mo naatde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Jaɓde makko heɓde dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde taƴaa ko e caɗeele Najeriya e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele caggal ɗuum (1965–1970). E nder ooɗoo sahaa, o jannginii e duɗe hakkundeeje keewɗe, ina jeyaa heen duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Evangel, Old Umuahia ; Duɗal ɗemngal Okija, Okija; e Duɗal Jaŋde Siftorde Edoho, Ikot Usekong, Eket.

O heɓi naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello (ABU), Zaria, e lewru suwee 1969, ɗo o janngi haa o heɓi dipolom makko to bannge ganndal (BSc) e njuɓɓudi njulaagu, o heɓi heen seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1972.

Kugal
Nde o timmini jaŋde makko, Essien fuɗɗii golle mum ko e njuɓɓudi njulaagu, caggal ɗuum o wonti balloowo njuɓɓudi yeeyirde to fedde jaayndeeji diiwaan Cross River, bayyinoowo jaayndeeji Nigerian Chronicle.

E hitaande 1974, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal, Calabar (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cross River State), o woni jannginoowo. O woppi golle e hitaande 1979 ngam sosde gollorde makko to bannge njuɓɓudi.

Njulaagu e njulaagu
Essien sosi Studentscare Services Ltd, sosiyetee bayyinoowo e yeeyde defte, jogiiɗo birooji mum to Calabar e caɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Uyo e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Calabar. O waɗii kursuuji keewɗi e nder nguurndam makko, o woni ko e ƴellitde Marketing, Ƴellitaare e heblo njuɓɓudi, njuɓɓudi gollotooɓe e jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe, e njuɓɓudi fitinaaji, e nder leydi Najeriya e caggal leydi. O jeyaa ko e Duɗal Njuɓɓudi Naajeeriya (NIM).

Golle politik e golle laamu
Nduese Essien hawritii e golle mum njulaagu e darnde tiiɗnde e nder golle renndo e politik.

Naatgol politik e fuɗɗoode


Tergal suudu sarɗiiji (1999–2007)

E hitaande 1999, Essien dañii nafoore, o suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji e dow laylaytol lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), lomtotooɗo diiwaan fedde Eket (ina heen nokkuuji laamuuji Eket, Esit Eket, Onna, e Ibeno). O fiiltaa kadi e manndaa ɗiɗmo e hitaande 2003, o woni haa 2007.

E hitaande 1979 Essien wonnoo ko gardiiɗo jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe e lannda ngenndiijo leydi Najeriya to Eket. O woni e golloraade politik nokku oo, e hitaande 1999 o suɓaama e nder diiwaan Eket, Onna, Esit Eket e Ibeno to leydi Najeriya. O toɗɗaa, e lewru abriil 2003 o toɗɗaa kadi, o woppi laamu e lewru mee 2007.

E nder laamu makko

Ndee feccere ko e mbaadi doggol kono ina waawi ɓurde janngeede no prose nii. Aɗa waawi wallude e waylude ndee feccere, so ina haani. Ballal waylude ina woodi. (Desammbar 2025)

Manndaa gadano (1999–2003) : O wonii hooreejo fedde parlemaa fuɗnaange-rewo, o woniino tergal e goomuuji suudu sarɗiiji ngam geɗe nder leydi, jawdi petroŋ, e geɗe rewɓe. Ko o hooreejo Caucus, o fuɗɗii batuuji teeŋtuɗi hakkunde Guwerneeruuji Fuɗnaange-rewo e terɗe Asaambele ngenndi, ɗi ngoni ko e wallitde hakkeeji e ƴellitaare diiwaan oo. Ɗee golle ina njeyaa e darnde mawnde e :

Sosde Goomu Ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer (NDDC).

Yoɓde 13% e ngalu derivation e dowlaaji peewnooji petroŋ.

Mumtugol dikotomi petroŋ e nder geec/leydi.

Anndinde ngenndiire huuɓtodinnde ko faati e bonnugol e nder renndooji peewnugol petroŋ.

Manndaa ɗiɗmo (2003–2007) : O toɗɗaa hooreejo, Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam haɓaade fenaande, etikaaji e nafooje ngenndiije. E nder winndere ndee, o woniino hooreejo fedde depiteeji Afrik ngam haɓaade fenaande (APNAC), o woniino kadi gardiiɗo gollordu Afrik worgo.

Toɗɗagol jaagorɗe

E hitaande 2010, mawɗo Essien toɗɗaama jaagorgal leydi, koɗki e ƴellitaare wuro[8], ko hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan, golloowo e nder Diiso doosɗe leydi ndii.

Koolol ngenndiwal e darnde mawɗo dowla

O suɓaama ngam wonde nominaasiyoŋ mawɗo dowlaaji e nder batu ngenndi 2014. O wonii hannde e darnde Ardiiɗo Siyaas e nder diiwaan Senator Eket to diiwaan Akwa Ibom.

Nguurndam neɗɗo

Nduese Essien ko debbo, ina jogii sukaaɓe e taaniraaɓe.

Tiitooɗe aadaaji

Omo jogii tiitooɗe laamɗo aadaaji keewɗe maantiniiɗe, ina jeyaa heen :

Atta mo Ekid

Ada Idaha ke Efik Ebrutu

Onwa to Amaise (Diiwaan Anambra)

Nturukpum Ekid Afid

Tuugnorgal</text>
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Nduese Essien listenR (jibinaa ko 2 lewru feebariyee 1944) ko wakiliijo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo e diiwaan Akwa Ibom tuggi 1999 haa 2007, darnde nde o joginoo e nder suudu sarɗiiji ina jeyaa heen hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya, hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya e hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii. Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Umaru Yar'Adua, e nder Goomu karallaagal to bannge diiwaan Niiseer, ɗo o gollodii e woɗɓe ngam safrude caɗeele diiwaan keewɗo petroŋ oo. O toɗɗaa kadi jaagorgal leydi ndii, koɗki e ƴellitaare gure ñalnde 6 abriil 2010, nde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Goodluck Jonathan habri kabine mum keso.

Nguurndam gadano
Essien jibinaa ko ñalnde 2 feebariyee 1944 e nder galle mawɗo Johnie Essien Etukudo mo Nta Isip-Ikot Ibiok, nokku laamu Eket to diiwaan Akwa Ibom.

Jaŋde leslesre e hakkundeere
O naati duɗal Eket Group, duɗal Ofriyo Group, e duɗal leslesal Egliis Qua Iboe, Usung Inyang, Eket, hakkunde 1949 e 1957, o heɓi seedantaagal makko gadanal yaltude duɗal e distinction e hitaande 1957. E nder hitaande ndee tan, o yahi to duɗal hakkundeewal Salvation Army, Akaing U6de makko ɗiɗaɓo Ɗiɗi njaltii e jaŋde seedantaagal duɗe Afrik hirnaange (WASCE).

Jaŋde toownde
Essien jokki jaŋde mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St Augustine’s Grammar School, Nkwerre, to Orlu hakkunde 1963 e 1964, ɗo o heɓi jaŋde seedantaagal duɗal toowngal (HSc), ko ɗum addani mo naatde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Jaɓde makko heɓde dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde taƴaa ko e caɗeele Najeriya e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele caggal ɗuum (1965–1970). E nder ooɗoo sahaa, o jannginii e duɗe hakkundeeje keewɗe, ina jeyaa heen duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Evangel, Old Umuahia ; Duɗal ɗemngal Okija, Okija; e Duɗal Jaŋde Siftorde Edoho, Ikot Usekong, Eket.

O heɓi naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello (ABU), Zaria, e lewru suwee 1969, ɗo o janngi haa o heɓi dipolom makko to bannge ganndal (BSc) e njuɓɓudi njulaagu, o heɓi heen seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1972.

Kugal
Nde o timmini jaŋde makko, Essien fuɗɗii golle mum ko e njuɓɓudi njulaagu, caggal ɗuum o wonti balloowo njuɓɓudi yeeyirde to fedde jaayndeeji diiwaan Cross River, bayyinoowo jaayndeeji Nigerian Chronicle.

E hitaande 1974, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal, Calabar (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cross River State), o woni jannginoowo. O woppi golle e hitaande 1979 ngam sosde gollorde makko to bannge njuɓɓudi.

Njulaagu e njulaagu
Essien sosi Studentscare Services Ltd, sosiyetee bayyinoowo e yeeyde defte, jogiiɗo birooji mum to Calabar e caɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Uyo e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Calabar. O waɗii kursuuji keewɗi e nder nguurndam makko, o woni ko e ƴellitde Marketing, Ƴellitaare e heblo njuɓɓudi, njuɓɓudi gollotooɓe e jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe, e njuɓɓudi fitinaaji, e nder leydi Najeriya e caggal leydi. O jeyaa ko e Duɗal Njuɓɓudi Naajeeriya (NIM).

Golle politik e golle laamu
Nduese Essien hawritii e golle mum njulaagu e darnde tiiɗnde e nder golle renndo e politik.

Naatgol politik e fuɗɗoode


Tergal suudu sarɗiiji (1999–2007)

E hitaande 1999, Essien dañii nafoore, o suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji e dow laylaytol lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), lomtotooɗo diiwaan fedde Eket (ina heen nokkuuji laamuuji Eket, Esit Eket, Onna, e Ibeno). O fiiltaa kadi e manndaa ɗiɗmo e hitaande 2003, o woni haa 2007.

E hitaande 1979 Essien wonnoo ko gardiiɗo jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe e lannda ngenndiijo leydi Najeriya to Eket. O woni e golloraade politik nokku oo, e hitaande 1999 o suɓaama e nder diiwaan Eket, Onna, Esit Eket e Ibeno to leydi Najeriya. O toɗɗaa, e lewru abriil 2003 o toɗɗaa kadi, o woppi laamu e lewru mee 2007.

E nder laamu makko

Ndee feccere ko e mbaadi doggol kono ina waawi ɓurde janngeede no prose nii. Aɗa waawi wallude e waylude ndee feccere, so ina haani. Ballal waylude ina woodi. (Desammbar 2025)

Manndaa gadano (1999–2003) : O wonii hooreejo fedde parlemaa fuɗnaange-rewo, o woniino tergal e goomuuji suudu sarɗiiji ngam geɗe nder leydi, jawdi petroŋ, e geɗe rewɓe. Ko o hooreejo Caucus, o fuɗɗii batuuji teeŋtuɗi hakkunde Guwerneeruuji Fuɗnaange-rewo e terɗe Asaambele ngenndi, ɗi ngoni ko e wallitde hakkeeji e ƴellitaare diiwaan oo. Ɗee golle ina njeyaa e darnde mawnde e :

Sosde Goomu Ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer (NDDC).

Yoɓde 13% e ngalu derivation e dowlaaji peewnooji petroŋ.

Mumtugol dikotomi petroŋ e nder geec/leydi.

Anndinde ngenndiire huuɓtodinnde ko faati e bonnugol e nder renndooji peewnugol petroŋ.

Manndaa ɗiɗmo (2003–2007) : O toɗɗaa hooreejo, Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam haɓaade fenaande, etikaaji e nafooje ngenndiije. E nder winndere ndee, o woniino hooreejo fedde depiteeji Afrik ngam haɓaade fenaande (APNAC), o woniino kadi gardiiɗo gollordu Afrik worgo.

Toɗɗagol jaagorɗe

E hitaande 2010, mawɗo Essien toɗɗaama jaagorgal leydi, koɗki e ƴellitaare wuro[8], ko hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan, golloowo e nder Diiso doosɗe leydi ndii.

Koolol ngenndiwal e darnde mawɗo dowla

O suɓaama ngam wonde nominaasiyoŋ mawɗo dowlaaji e nder batu ngenndi 2014. O wonii hannde e darnde Ardiiɗo Siyaas e nder diiwaan Senator Eket to diiwaan Akwa Ibom.

Nguurndam neɗɗo

Nduese Essien ko debbo, ina jogii sukaaɓe e taaniraaɓe.

Tiitooɗe aadaaji

Omo jogii tiitooɗe laamɗo aadaaji keewɗe maantiniiɗe, ina jeyaa heen :

Atta mo Ekid

Ada Idaha ke Efik Ebrutu

Onwa to Amaise (Diiwaan Anambra)

Nturukpum Ekid Afid

Tuugnorgal</text>
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'''Nduese Essien listenR''' (jibinaa ko 2 lewru feebariyee 1944) ko wakiliijo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo e diiwaan Akwa Ibom tuggi 1999 haa 2007, darnde nde o joginoo e nder suudu sarɗiiji ina jeyaa heen hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya, hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya e hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii. Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Umaru Yar'Adua, e nder Goomu karallaagal to bannge diiwaan Niiseer, ɗo o gollodii e woɗɓe ngam safrude caɗeele diiwaan keewɗo petroŋ oo. O toɗɗaa kadi jaagorgal leydi ndii, koɗki e ƴellitaare gure ñalnde 6 abriil 2010, nde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Goodluck Jonathan habri kabine mum keso.

== Nguurndam gadano ==
Essien jibinaa ko ñalnde 2 feebariyee 1944 e nder galle mawɗo Johnie Essien Etukudo mo Nta Isip-Ikot Ibiok, nokku laamu Eket to diiwaan Akwa Ibom.

== Jaŋde leslesre e hakkundeere ==
O naati duɗal Eket Group, duɗal Ofriyo Group, e duɗal leslesal Egliis Qua Iboe, Usung Inyang, Eket, hakkunde 1949 e 1957, o heɓi seedantaagal makko gadanal yaltude duɗal e distinction e hitaande 1957. E nder hitaande ndee tan, o yahi to duɗal hakkundeewal Salvation Army, Akaing U6de makko ɗiɗaɓo Ɗiɗi njaltii e jaŋde seedantaagal duɗe Afrik hirnaange (WASCE).

== Jaŋde toownde ==
Essien jokki jaŋde mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St Augustine’s Grammar School, Nkwerre, to Orlu hakkunde 1963 e 1964, ɗo o heɓi jaŋde seedantaagal duɗal toowngal (HSc), ko ɗum addani mo naatde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Jaɓde makko heɓde dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde taƴaa ko e caɗeele Najeriya e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele caggal ɗuum (1965–1970). E nder ooɗoo sahaa, o jannginii e duɗe hakkundeeje keewɗe, ina jeyaa heen duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Evangel, Old Umuahia ; Duɗal ɗemngal Okija, Okija; e Duɗal Jaŋde Siftorde Edoho, Ikot Usekong, Eket.

O heɓi naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello (ABU), Zaria, e lewru suwee 1969, ɗo o janngi haa o heɓi dipolom makko to bannge ganndal (BSc) e njuɓɓudi njulaagu, o heɓi heen seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1972.

== Kugal ==
Nde o timmini jaŋde makko, Essien fuɗɗii golle mum ko e njuɓɓudi njulaagu, caggal ɗuum o wonti balloowo njuɓɓudi yeeyirde to fedde jaayndeeji diiwaan Cross River, bayyinoowo jaayndeeji Nigerian Chronicle.

E hitaande 1974, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal, Calabar (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cross River State), o woni jannginoowo. O woppi golle e hitaande 1979 ngam sosde gollorde makko to bannge njuɓɓudi.

== Njulaagu e njulaagu ==
Essien sosi Studentscare Services Ltd, sosiyetee bayyinoowo e yeeyde defte, jogiiɗo birooji mum to Calabar e caɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Uyo e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Calabar. O waɗii kursuuji keewɗi e nder nguurndam makko, o woni ko e ƴellitde Marketing, Ƴellitaare e heblo njuɓɓudi, njuɓɓudi gollotooɓe e jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe, e njuɓɓudi fitinaaji, e nder leydi Najeriya e caggal leydi. O jeyaa ko e Duɗal Njuɓɓudi Naajeeriya (NIM).

Golle politik e golle laamu
Nduese Essien hawritii e golle mum njulaagu e darnde tiiɗnde e nder golle renndo e politik.

== Naatgol politik e fuɗɗoode ==


Tergal suudu sarɗiiji (1999–2007)

E hitaande 1999, Essien dañii nafoore, o suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji e dow laylaytol lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), lomtotooɗo diiwaan fedde Eket (ina heen nokkuuji laamuuji Eket, Esit Eket, Onna, e Ibeno). O fiiltaa kadi e manndaa ɗiɗmo e hitaande 2003, o woni haa 2007.

E hitaande 1979 Essien wonnoo ko gardiiɗo jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe e lannda ngenndiijo leydi Najeriya to Eket. O woni e golloraade politik nokku oo, e hitaande 1999 o suɓaama e nder diiwaan Eket, Onna, Esit Eket e Ibeno to leydi Najeriya. O toɗɗaa, e lewru abriil 2003 o toɗɗaa kadi, o woppi laamu e lewru mee 2007.

== E nder laamu makko ==
Ndee feccere ko e mbaadi doggol kono ina waawi ɓurde janngeede no prose nii. Aɗa waawi wallude e waylude ndee feccere, so ina haani. Ballal waylude ina woodi. (Desammbar 2025)

Manndaa gadano (1999–2003) : O wonii hooreejo fedde parlemaa fuɗnaange-rewo, o woniino tergal e goomuuji suudu sarɗiiji ngam geɗe nder leydi, jawdi petroŋ, e geɗe rewɓe. Ko o hooreejo Caucus, o fuɗɗii batuuji teeŋtuɗi hakkunde Guwerneeruuji Fuɗnaange-rewo e terɗe Asaambele ngenndi, ɗi ngoni ko e wallitde hakkeeji e ƴellitaare diiwaan oo. Ɗee golle ina njeyaa e darnde mawnde e :

Sosde Goomu Ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer (NDDC).

Yoɓde 13% e ngalu derivation e dowlaaji peewnooji petroŋ.

Mumtugol dikotomi petroŋ e nder geec/leydi.

Anndinde ngenndiire huuɓtodinnde ko faati e bonnugol e nder renndooji peewnugol petroŋ.

Manndaa ɗiɗmo (2003–2007) : O toɗɗaa hooreejo, Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam haɓaade fenaande, etikaaji e nafooje ngenndiije. E nder winndere ndee, o woniino hooreejo fedde depiteeji Afrik ngam haɓaade fenaande (APNAC), o woniino kadi gardiiɗo gollordu Afrik worgo.

== Toɗɗagol jaagorɗe ==
E hitaande 2010, mawɗo Essien toɗɗaama jaagorgal leydi, koɗki e ƴellitaare wuro[8], ko hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan, golloowo e nder Diiso doosɗe leydi ndii.

Koolol ngenndiwal e darnde mawɗo dowla

O suɓaama ngam wonde nominaasiyoŋ mawɗo dowlaaji e nder batu ngenndi 2014. O wonii hannde e darnde Ardiiɗo Siyaas e nder diiwaan Senator Eket to diiwaan Akwa Ibom.

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==
Nduese Essien ko debbo, ina jogii sukaaɓe e taaniraaɓe.

== Tiitooɗe aadaaji ==
Omo jogii tiitooɗe laamɗo aadaaji keewɗe maantiniiɗe, ina jeyaa heen :

== Atta mo Ekid ==
Ada Idaha ke Efik Ebrutu

Onwa to Amaise (Diiwaan Anambra)

== Nturukpum Ekid Afid ==

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>174714</id>
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        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
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      <comment>#1Lib1Ref</comment>
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'''Nduese Essien listenR''' (jibinaa ko 2 lewru feebariyee 1944) ko wakiliijo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo e diiwaan Akwa Ibom tuggi 1999 haa 2007, darnde nde o joginoo e nder suudu sarɗiiji ina jeyaa heen hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya, hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya e hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii. Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Umaru Yar'Adua, e nder Goomu karallaagal to bannge diiwaan Niiseer, ɗo o gollodii e woɗɓe ngam safrude caɗeele diiwaan keewɗo petroŋ oo. O toɗɗaa kadi jaagorgal leydi ndii, koɗki e ƴellitaare gure ñalnde 6 abriil 2010, nde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Goodluck Jonathan habri kabine mum keso.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=Golu Timothy|date=10 April 2010|title=New Ministers: Jonathan's Cabinet In Focus|url=http://www.leadershipnigeria.com/columns/views/politics/13675-new-ministers-jonathans-cabinet-in-focus|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413014057/http://www.leadershipnigeria.com/columns/views/politics/13675-new-ministers-jonathans-cabinet-in-focus|archivedate=13 April 2010|accessdate=2010-04-16|work=Leadership}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam gadano ==
Essien jibinaa ko ñalnde 2 feebariyee 1944 e nder galle mawɗo Johnie Essien Etukudo mo Nta Isip-Ikot Ibiok, nokku laamu Eket to diiwaan Akwa Ibom.

== Jaŋde leslesre e hakkundeere ==
O naati duɗal Eket Group, duɗal Ofriyo Group, e duɗal leslesal Egliis Qua Iboe, Usung Inyang, Eket, hakkunde 1949 e 1957, o heɓi seedantaagal makko gadanal yaltude duɗal e distinction e hitaande 1957. E nder hitaande ndee tan, o yahi to duɗal hakkundeewal Salvation Army, Akaing U6de makko ɗiɗaɓo Ɗiɗi njaltii e jaŋde seedantaagal duɗe Afrik hirnaange (WASCE).

== Jaŋde toownde ==
Essien jokki jaŋde mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St Augustine’s Grammar School, Nkwerre, to Orlu hakkunde 1963 e 1964, ɗo o heɓi jaŋde seedantaagal duɗal toowngal (HSc), ko ɗum addani mo naatde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Jaɓde makko heɓde dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde taƴaa ko e caɗeele Najeriya e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele caggal ɗuum (1965–1970). E nder ooɗoo sahaa, o jannginii e duɗe hakkundeeje keewɗe, ina jeyaa heen duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Evangel, Old Umuahia ; Duɗal ɗemngal Okija, Okija; e Duɗal Jaŋde Siftorde Edoho, Ikot Usekong, Eket.

O heɓi naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello (ABU), Zaria, e lewru suwee 1969, ɗo o janngi haa o heɓi dipolom makko to bannge ganndal (BSc) e njuɓɓudi njulaagu, o heɓi heen seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1972.

== Kugal ==
Nde o timmini jaŋde makko, Essien fuɗɗii golle mum ko e njuɓɓudi njulaagu, caggal ɗuum o wonti balloowo njuɓɓudi yeeyirde to fedde jaayndeeji diiwaan Cross River, bayyinoowo jaayndeeji Nigerian Chronicle.

E hitaande 1974, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal, Calabar (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cross River State), o woni jannginoowo. O woppi golle e hitaande 1979 ngam sosde gollorde makko to bannge njuɓɓudi.

== Njulaagu e njulaagu ==
Essien sosi Studentscare Services Ltd, sosiyetee bayyinoowo e yeeyde defte, jogiiɗo birooji mum to Calabar e caɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Uyo e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Calabar. O waɗii kursuuji keewɗi e nder nguurndam makko, o woni ko e ƴellitde Marketing, Ƴellitaare e heblo njuɓɓudi, njuɓɓudi gollotooɓe e jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe, e njuɓɓudi fitinaaji, e nder leydi Najeriya e caggal leydi. O jeyaa ko e Duɗal Njuɓɓudi Naajeeriya (NIM).

Golle politik e golle laamu
Nduese Essien hawritii e golle mum njulaagu e darnde tiiɗnde e nder golle renndo e politik.

== Naatgol politik e fuɗɗoode ==


Tergal suudu sarɗiiji (1999–2007)

E hitaande 1999, Essien dañii nafoore, o suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji e dow laylaytol lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), lomtotooɗo diiwaan fedde Eket (ina heen nokkuuji laamuuji Eket, Esit Eket, Onna, e Ibeno). O fiiltaa kadi e manndaa ɗiɗmo e hitaande 2003, o woni haa 2007.

E hitaande 1979 Essien wonnoo ko gardiiɗo jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe e lannda ngenndiijo leydi Najeriya to Eket. O woni e golloraade politik nokku oo, e hitaande 1999 o suɓaama e nder diiwaan Eket, Onna, Esit Eket e Ibeno to leydi Najeriya. O toɗɗaa, e lewru abriil 2003 o toɗɗaa kadi, o woppi laamu e lewru mee 2007.

== E nder laamu makko ==
Ndee feccere ko e mbaadi doggol kono ina waawi ɓurde janngeede no prose nii. Aɗa waawi wallude e waylude ndee feccere, so ina haani. Ballal waylude ina woodi. (Desammbar 2025)

Manndaa gadano (1999–2003) : O wonii hooreejo fedde parlemaa fuɗnaange-rewo, o woniino tergal e goomuuji suudu sarɗiiji ngam geɗe nder leydi, jawdi petroŋ, e geɗe rewɓe. Ko o hooreejo Caucus, o fuɗɗii batuuji teeŋtuɗi hakkunde Guwerneeruuji Fuɗnaange-rewo e terɗe Asaambele ngenndi, ɗi ngoni ko e wallitde hakkeeji e ƴellitaare diiwaan oo. Ɗee golle ina njeyaa e darnde mawnde e :

Sosde Goomu Ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer (NDDC).

Yoɓde 13% e ngalu derivation e dowlaaji peewnooji petroŋ.

Mumtugol dikotomi petroŋ e nder geec/leydi.

Anndinde ngenndiire huuɓtodinnde ko faati e bonnugol e nder renndooji peewnugol petroŋ.

Manndaa ɗiɗmo (2003–2007) : O toɗɗaa hooreejo, Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam haɓaade fenaande, etikaaji e nafooje ngenndiije. E nder winndere ndee, o woniino hooreejo fedde depiteeji Afrik ngam haɓaade fenaande (APNAC), o woniino kadi gardiiɗo gollordu Afrik worgo.

== Toɗɗagol jaagorɗe ==
E hitaande 2010, mawɗo Essien toɗɗaama jaagorgal leydi, koɗki e ƴellitaare wuro[8], ko hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan, golloowo e nder Diiso doosɗe leydi ndii.

Koolol ngenndiwal e darnde mawɗo dowla

O suɓaama ngam wonde nominaasiyoŋ mawɗo dowlaaji e nder batu ngenndi 2014. O wonii hannde e darnde Ardiiɗo Siyaas e nder diiwaan Senator Eket to diiwaan Akwa Ibom.

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==
Nduese Essien ko debbo, ina jogii sukaaɓe e taaniraaɓe.

== Tiitooɗe aadaaji ==
Omo jogii tiitooɗe laamɗo aadaaji keewɗe maantiniiɗe, ina jeyaa heen :

== Atta mo Ekid ==
Ada Idaha ke Efik Ebrutu

Onwa to Amaise (Diiwaan Anambra)

== Nturukpum Ekid Afid ==

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
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'''Nduese Essien listenR''' (jibinaa ko 2 lewru feebariyee 1944) ko wakiliijo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo e diiwaan Akwa Ibom tuggi 1999 haa 2007, darnde nde o joginoo e nder suudu sarɗiiji ina jeyaa heen hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya, hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya e hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii. Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Umaru Yar'Adua, e nder Goomu karallaagal to bannge diiwaan Niiseer, ɗo o gollodii e woɗɓe ngam safrude caɗeele diiwaan keewɗo petroŋ oo. O toɗɗaa kadi jaagorgal leydi ndii, koɗki e ƴellitaare gure ñalnde 6 abriil 2010, nde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Goodluck Jonathan habri kabine mum keso.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=Golu Timothy|date=10 April 2010|title=New Ministers: Jonathan's Cabinet In Focus|url=http://www.leadershipnigeria.com/columns/views/politics/13675-new-ministers-jonathans-cabinet-in-focus|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413014057/http://www.leadershipnigeria.com/columns/views/politics/13675-new-ministers-jonathans-cabinet-in-focus|archivedate=13 April 2010|accessdate=2010-04-16|work=Leadership}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam gadano ==
Essien jibinaa ko ñalnde 2 feebariyee 1944 e nder galle mawɗo Johnie Essien Etukudo mo Nta Isip-Ikot Ibiok, nokku laamu Eket to diiwaan Akwa Ibom.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Profile of Chief Nduese Essien|url=https://www.pointblanknews.com/os3118.html|access-date=2025-12-09|website=www.pointblanknews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jaŋde leslesre e hakkundeere ==
O naati duɗal Eket Group, duɗal Ofriyo Group, e duɗal leslesal Egliis Qua Iboe, Usung Inyang, Eket, hakkunde 1949 e 1957, o heɓi seedantaagal makko gadanal yaltude duɗal e distinction e hitaande 1957. E nder hitaande ndee tan, o yahi to duɗal hakkundeewal Salvation Army, Akaing U6de makko ɗiɗaɓo Ɗiɗi njaltii e jaŋde seedantaagal duɗe Afrik hirnaange (WASCE).

== Jaŋde toownde ==
Essien jokki jaŋde mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St Augustine’s Grammar School, Nkwerre, to Orlu hakkunde 1963 e 1964, ɗo o heɓi jaŋde seedantaagal duɗal toowngal (HSc), ko ɗum addani mo naatde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Jaɓde makko heɓde dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde taƴaa ko e caɗeele Najeriya e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele caggal ɗuum (1965–1970). E nder ooɗoo sahaa, o jannginii e duɗe hakkundeeje keewɗe, ina jeyaa heen duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Evangel, Old Umuahia ; Duɗal ɗemngal Okija, Okija; e Duɗal Jaŋde Siftorde Edoho, Ikot Usekong, Eket.

O heɓi naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello (ABU), Zaria, e lewru suwee 1969, ɗo o janngi haa o heɓi dipolom makko to bannge ganndal (BSc) e njuɓɓudi njulaagu, o heɓi heen seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1972.

== Kugal ==
Nde o timmini jaŋde makko, Essien fuɗɗii golle mum ko e njuɓɓudi njulaagu, caggal ɗuum o wonti balloowo njuɓɓudi yeeyirde to fedde jaayndeeji diiwaan Cross River, bayyinoowo jaayndeeji Nigerian Chronicle.

E hitaande 1974, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal, Calabar (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cross River State), o woni jannginoowo. O woppi golle e hitaande 1979 ngam sosde gollorde makko to bannge njuɓɓudi.

== Njulaagu e njulaagu ==
Essien sosi Studentscare Services Ltd, sosiyetee bayyinoowo e yeeyde defte, jogiiɗo birooji mum to Calabar e caɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Uyo e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Calabar. O waɗii kursuuji keewɗi e nder nguurndam makko, o woni ko e ƴellitde Marketing, Ƴellitaare e heblo njuɓɓudi, njuɓɓudi gollotooɓe e jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe, e njuɓɓudi fitinaaji, e nder leydi Najeriya e caggal leydi. O jeyaa ko e Duɗal Njuɓɓudi Naajeeriya (NIM).

Golle politik e golle laamu
Nduese Essien hawritii e golle mum njulaagu e darnde tiiɗnde e nder golle renndo e politik.

== Naatgol politik e fuɗɗoode ==


Tergal suudu sarɗiiji (1999–2007)

E hitaande 1999, Essien dañii nafoore, o suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji e dow laylaytol lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), lomtotooɗo diiwaan fedde Eket (ina heen nokkuuji laamuuji Eket, Esit Eket, Onna, e Ibeno). O fiiltaa kadi e manndaa ɗiɗmo e hitaande 2003, o woni haa 2007.

E hitaande 1979 Essien wonnoo ko gardiiɗo jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe e lannda ngenndiijo leydi Najeriya to Eket. O woni e golloraade politik nokku oo, e hitaande 1999 o suɓaama e nder diiwaan Eket, Onna, Esit Eket e Ibeno to leydi Najeriya. O toɗɗaa, e lewru abriil 2003 o toɗɗaa kadi, o woppi laamu e lewru mee 2007.

== E nder laamu makko ==
Ndee feccere ko e mbaadi doggol kono ina waawi ɓurde janngeede no prose nii. Aɗa waawi wallude e waylude ndee feccere, so ina haani. Ballal waylude ina woodi. (Desammbar 2025)

Manndaa gadano (1999–2003) : O wonii hooreejo fedde parlemaa fuɗnaange-rewo, o woniino tergal e goomuuji suudu sarɗiiji ngam geɗe nder leydi, jawdi petroŋ, e geɗe rewɓe. Ko o hooreejo Caucus, o fuɗɗii batuuji teeŋtuɗi hakkunde Guwerneeruuji Fuɗnaange-rewo e terɗe Asaambele ngenndi, ɗi ngoni ko e wallitde hakkeeji e ƴellitaare diiwaan oo. Ɗee golle ina njeyaa e darnde mawnde e :

Sosde Goomu Ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer (NDDC).

Yoɓde 13% e ngalu derivation e dowlaaji peewnooji petroŋ.

Mumtugol dikotomi petroŋ e nder geec/leydi.

Anndinde ngenndiire huuɓtodinnde ko faati e bonnugol e nder renndooji peewnugol petroŋ.

Manndaa ɗiɗmo (2003–2007) : O toɗɗaa hooreejo, Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam haɓaade fenaande, etikaaji e nafooje ngenndiije. E nder winndere ndee, o woniino hooreejo fedde depiteeji Afrik ngam haɓaade fenaande (APNAC), o woniino kadi gardiiɗo gollordu Afrik worgo.

== Toɗɗagol jaagorɗe ==
E hitaande 2010, mawɗo Essien toɗɗaama jaagorgal leydi, koɗki e ƴellitaare wuro[8], ko hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan, golloowo e nder Diiso doosɗe leydi ndii.

Koolol ngenndiwal e darnde mawɗo dowla

O suɓaama ngam wonde nominaasiyoŋ mawɗo dowlaaji e nder batu ngenndi 2014. O wonii hannde e darnde Ardiiɗo Siyaas e nder diiwaan Senator Eket to diiwaan Akwa Ibom.

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==
Nduese Essien ko debbo, ina jogii sukaaɓe e taaniraaɓe.

== Tiitooɗe aadaaji ==
Omo jogii tiitooɗe laamɗo aadaaji keewɗe maantiniiɗe, ina jeyaa heen :

== Atta mo Ekid ==
Ada Idaha ke Efik Ebrutu

Onwa to Amaise (Diiwaan Anambra)

== Nturukpum Ekid Afid ==

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>#1Lib1Ref</comment>
      <origin>174718</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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'''Nduese Essien listenR''' (jibinaa ko 2 lewru feebariyee 1944) ko wakiliijo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo e diiwaan Akwa Ibom tuggi 1999 haa 2007, darnde nde o joginoo e nder suudu sarɗiiji ina jeyaa heen hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya, hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya e hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii. Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Umaru Yar'Adua, e nder Goomu karallaagal to bannge diiwaan Niiseer, ɗo o gollodii e woɗɓe ngam safrude caɗeele diiwaan keewɗo petroŋ oo. O toɗɗaa kadi jaagorgal leydi ndii, koɗki e ƴellitaare gure ñalnde 6 abriil 2010, nde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Goodluck Jonathan habri kabine mum keso.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=Golu Timothy|date=10 April 2010|title=New Ministers: Jonathan's Cabinet In Focus|url=http://www.leadershipnigeria.com/columns/views/politics/13675-new-ministers-jonathans-cabinet-in-focus|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413014057/http://www.leadershipnigeria.com/columns/views/politics/13675-new-ministers-jonathans-cabinet-in-focus|archivedate=13 April 2010|accessdate=2010-04-16|work=Leadership}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam gadano ==
Essien jibinaa ko ñalnde 2 feebariyee 1944 e nder galle mawɗo Johnie Essien Etukudo mo Nta Isip-Ikot Ibiok, nokku laamu Eket to diiwaan Akwa Ibom.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Profile of Chief Nduese Essien|url=https://www.pointblanknews.com/os3118.html|access-date=2025-12-09|website=www.pointblanknews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jaŋde leslesre e hakkundeere ==
O naati duɗal Eket Group, duɗal Ofriyo Group, e duɗal leslesal Egliis Qua Iboe, Usung Inyang, Eket, hakkunde 1949 e 1957, o heɓi seedantaagal makko gadanal yaltude duɗal e distinction e hitaande 1957. E nder hitaande ndee tan, o yahi to duɗal hakkundeewal Salvation Army, Akaing U6de makko ɗiɗaɓo Ɗiɗi njaltii e jaŋde seedantaagal duɗe Afrik hirnaange (WASCE).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Etim|first=Etim|date=2024-02-05|title=Nduese Essien at 80|url=https://www.thecable.ng/nduese-essien-at-80/|access-date=2025-12-09|newspaper=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jaŋde toownde ==
Essien jokki jaŋde mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St Augustine’s Grammar School, Nkwerre, to Orlu hakkunde 1963 e 1964, ɗo o heɓi jaŋde seedantaagal duɗal toowngal (HSc), ko ɗum addani mo naatde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Jaɓde makko heɓde dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde taƴaa ko e caɗeele Najeriya e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele caggal ɗuum (1965–1970). E nder ooɗoo sahaa, o jannginii e duɗe hakkundeeje keewɗe, ina jeyaa heen duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Evangel, Old Umuahia ; Duɗal ɗemngal Okija, Okija; e Duɗal Jaŋde Siftorde Edoho, Ikot Usekong, Eket.

O heɓi naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello (ABU), Zaria, e lewru suwee 1969, ɗo o janngi haa o heɓi dipolom makko to bannge ganndal (BSc) e njuɓɓudi njulaagu, o heɓi heen seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1972.

== Kugal ==
Nde o timmini jaŋde makko, Essien fuɗɗii golle mum ko e njuɓɓudi njulaagu, caggal ɗuum o wonti balloowo njuɓɓudi yeeyirde to fedde jaayndeeji diiwaan Cross River, bayyinoowo jaayndeeji Nigerian Chronicle.

E hitaande 1974, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal, Calabar (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cross River State), o woni jannginoowo. O woppi golle e hitaande 1979 ngam sosde gollorde makko to bannge njuɓɓudi.

== Njulaagu e njulaagu ==
Essien sosi Studentscare Services Ltd, sosiyetee bayyinoowo e yeeyde defte, jogiiɗo birooji mum to Calabar e caɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Uyo e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Calabar. O waɗii kursuuji keewɗi e nder nguurndam makko, o woni ko e ƴellitde Marketing, Ƴellitaare e heblo njuɓɓudi, njuɓɓudi gollotooɓe e jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe, e njuɓɓudi fitinaaji, e nder leydi Najeriya e caggal leydi. O jeyaa ko e Duɗal Njuɓɓudi Naajeeriya (NIM).

Golle politik e golle laamu
Nduese Essien hawritii e golle mum njulaagu e darnde tiiɗnde e nder golle renndo e politik.

== Naatgol politik e fuɗɗoode ==


Tergal suudu sarɗiiji (1999–2007)

E hitaande 1999, Essien dañii nafoore, o suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji e dow laylaytol lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), lomtotooɗo diiwaan fedde Eket (ina heen nokkuuji laamuuji Eket, Esit Eket, Onna, e Ibeno). O fiiltaa kadi e manndaa ɗiɗmo e hitaande 2003, o woni haa 2007.

E hitaande 1979 Essien wonnoo ko gardiiɗo jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe e lannda ngenndiijo leydi Najeriya to Eket. O woni e golloraade politik nokku oo, e hitaande 1999 o suɓaama e nder diiwaan Eket, Onna, Esit Eket e Ibeno to leydi Najeriya. O toɗɗaa, e lewru abriil 2003 o toɗɗaa kadi, o woppi laamu e lewru mee 2007.

== E nder laamu makko ==
Ndee feccere ko e mbaadi doggol kono ina waawi ɓurde janngeede no prose nii. Aɗa waawi wallude e waylude ndee feccere, so ina haani. Ballal waylude ina woodi. (Desammbar 2025)

Manndaa gadano (1999–2003) : O wonii hooreejo fedde parlemaa fuɗnaange-rewo, o woniino tergal e goomuuji suudu sarɗiiji ngam geɗe nder leydi, jawdi petroŋ, e geɗe rewɓe. Ko o hooreejo Caucus, o fuɗɗii batuuji teeŋtuɗi hakkunde Guwerneeruuji Fuɗnaange-rewo e terɗe Asaambele ngenndi, ɗi ngoni ko e wallitde hakkeeji e ƴellitaare diiwaan oo. Ɗee golle ina njeyaa e darnde mawnde e :

Sosde Goomu Ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer (NDDC).

Yoɓde 13% e ngalu derivation e dowlaaji peewnooji petroŋ.

Mumtugol dikotomi petroŋ e nder geec/leydi.

Anndinde ngenndiire huuɓtodinnde ko faati e bonnugol e nder renndooji peewnugol petroŋ.

Manndaa ɗiɗmo (2003–2007) : O toɗɗaa hooreejo, Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam haɓaade fenaande, etikaaji e nafooje ngenndiije. E nder winndere ndee, o woniino hooreejo fedde depiteeji Afrik ngam haɓaade fenaande (APNAC), o woniino kadi gardiiɗo gollordu Afrik worgo.

== Toɗɗagol jaagorɗe ==
E hitaande 2010, mawɗo Essien toɗɗaama jaagorgal leydi, koɗki e ƴellitaare wuro[8], ko hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan, golloowo e nder Diiso doosɗe leydi ndii.

Koolol ngenndiwal e darnde mawɗo dowla

O suɓaama ngam wonde nominaasiyoŋ mawɗo dowlaaji e nder batu ngenndi 2014. O wonii hannde e darnde Ardiiɗo Siyaas e nder diiwaan Senator Eket to diiwaan Akwa Ibom.

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==
Nduese Essien ko debbo, ina jogii sukaaɓe e taaniraaɓe.

== Tiitooɗe aadaaji ==
Omo jogii tiitooɗe laamɗo aadaaji keewɗe maantiniiɗe, ina jeyaa heen :

== Atta mo Ekid ==
Ada Idaha ke Efik Ebrutu

Onwa to Amaise (Diiwaan Anambra)

== Nturukpum Ekid Afid ==

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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        <id>10103</id>
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      <comment>#1Lib1Ref</comment>
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'''Nduese Essien listenR''' (jibinaa ko 2 lewru feebariyee 1944) ko wakiliijo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya ummoriiɗo e diiwaan Akwa Ibom tuggi 1999 haa 2007, darnde nde o joginoo e nder suudu sarɗiiji ina jeyaa heen hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya, hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya e hooreejo suudu sarɗiiji leydi ndii. Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Umaru Yar'Adua, e nder Goomu karallaagal to bannge diiwaan Niiseer, ɗo o gollodii e woɗɓe ngam safrude caɗeele diiwaan keewɗo petroŋ oo. O toɗɗaa kadi jaagorgal leydi ndii, koɗki e ƴellitaare gure ñalnde 6 abriil 2010, nde hooreejo leydi ndii hono Goodluck Jonathan habri kabine mum keso.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=Golu Timothy|date=10 April 2010|title=New Ministers: Jonathan's Cabinet In Focus|url=http://www.leadershipnigeria.com/columns/views/politics/13675-new-ministers-jonathans-cabinet-in-focus|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413014057/http://www.leadershipnigeria.com/columns/views/politics/13675-new-ministers-jonathans-cabinet-in-focus|archivedate=13 April 2010|accessdate=2010-04-16|work=Leadership}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nguurndam gadano ==
Essien jibinaa ko ñalnde 2 feebariyee 1944 e nder galle mawɗo Johnie Essien Etukudo mo Nta Isip-Ikot Ibiok, nokku laamu Eket to diiwaan Akwa Ibom.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Profile of Chief Nduese Essien|url=https://www.pointblanknews.com/os3118.html|access-date=2025-12-09|website=www.pointblanknews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jaŋde leslesre e hakkundeere ==
O naati duɗal Eket Group, duɗal Ofriyo Group, e duɗal leslesal Egliis Qua Iboe, Usung Inyang, Eket, hakkunde 1949 e 1957, o heɓi seedantaagal makko gadanal yaltude duɗal e distinction e hitaande 1957. E nder hitaande ndee tan, o yahi to duɗal hakkundeewal Salvation Army, Akaing U6de makko ɗiɗaɓo Ɗiɗi njaltii e jaŋde seedantaagal duɗe Afrik hirnaange (WASCE).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Etim|first=Etim|date=2024-02-05|title=Nduese Essien at 80|url=https://www.thecable.ng/nduese-essien-at-80/|access-date=2025-12-09|newspaper=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jaŋde toownde ==
Essien jokki jaŋde mum to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St Augustine’s Grammar School, Nkwerre, to Orlu hakkunde 1963 e 1964, ɗo o heɓi jaŋde seedantaagal duɗal toowngal (HSc), ko ɗum addani mo naatde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde. Jaɓde makko heɓde dipolomaaji to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde taƴaa ko e caɗeele Najeriya e wolde hakkunde leyɗeele caggal ɗuum (1965–1970). E nder ooɗoo sahaa, o jannginii e duɗe hakkundeeje keewɗe, ina jeyaa heen duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Evangel, Old Umuahia ; Duɗal ɗemngal Okija, Okija; e Duɗal Jaŋde Siftorde Edoho, Ikot Usekong, Eket.

O heɓi naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ahmadu Bello (ABU), Zaria, e lewru suwee 1969, ɗo o janngi haa o heɓi dipolom makko to bannge ganndal (BSc) e njuɓɓudi njulaagu, o heɓi heen seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1972.

== Kugal ==
Nde o timmini jaŋde makko, Essien fuɗɗii golle mum ko e njuɓɓudi njulaagu, caggal ɗuum o wonti balloowo njuɓɓudi yeeyirde to fedde jaayndeeji diiwaan Cross River, bayyinoowo jaayndeeji Nigerian Chronicle.

E hitaande 1974, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde, o naati e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde karallaagal, Calabar (hannde ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Cross River State), o woni jannginoowo. O woppi golle e hitaande 1979 ngam sosde gollorde makko to bannge njuɓɓudi.

== Njulaagu e njulaagu ==
Essien sosi Studentscare Services Ltd, sosiyetee bayyinoowo e yeeyde defte, jogiiɗo birooji mum to Calabar e caɗeele to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Uyo e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Calabar. O waɗii kursuuji keewɗi e nder nguurndam makko, o woni ko e ƴellitde Marketing, Ƴellitaare e heblo njuɓɓudi, njuɓɓudi gollotooɓe e jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe, e njuɓɓudi fitinaaji, e nder leydi Najeriya e caggal leydi. O jeyaa ko e Duɗal Njuɓɓudi Naajeeriya (NIM).

Golle politik e golle laamu
Nduese Essien hawritii e golle mum njulaagu e darnde tiiɗnde e nder golle renndo e politik.

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Ukpong|first=Cletus|date=2021-04-30|title=Communities' participation in oil better than 13% derivation – former minister|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/458600-communities-participation-in-oil-better-than-13-derivation-former-minister.html|access-date=2025-12-09|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

** The abrogation of the offshore/onshore oil dichotomy.
** General national awareness regarding the devastation in oil-producing communities.
* '''Second Term (2003–2007):''' He was appointed Chairman, House Committee on Anti-Corruption, National Ethics and Values.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2014-03-17|title=PROFILE: Nduese Essien|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/national-conference/profile-nduese-essien/|access-date=2025-12-09|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naatgol politik e fuɗɗoode ==


Tergal suudu sarɗiiji (1999–2007)

E hitaande 1999, Essien dañii nafoore, o suɓaama tergal suudu sarɗiiji e dow laylaytol lannda Demokaraasi Leƴƴi (PDP), lomtotooɗo diiwaan fedde Eket (ina heen nokkuuji laamuuji Eket, Esit Eket, Onna, e Ibeno). O fiiltaa kadi e manndaa ɗiɗmo e hitaande 2003, o woni haa 2007.

E hitaande 1979 Essien wonnoo ko gardiiɗo jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe e lannda ngenndiijo leydi Najeriya to Eket. O woni e golloraade politik nokku oo, e hitaande 1999 o suɓaama e nder diiwaan Eket, Onna, Esit Eket e Ibeno to leydi Najeriya. O toɗɗaa, e lewru abriil 2003 o toɗɗaa kadi, o woppi laamu e lewru mee 2007.

== E nder laamu makko ==
Ndee feccere ko e mbaadi doggol kono ina waawi ɓurde janngeede no prose nii. Aɗa waawi wallude e waylude ndee feccere, so ina haani. Ballal waylude ina woodi. (Desammbar 2025)

Manndaa gadano (1999–2003) : O wonii hooreejo fedde parlemaa fuɗnaange-rewo, o woniino tergal e goomuuji suudu sarɗiiji ngam geɗe nder leydi, jawdi petroŋ, e geɗe rewɓe. Ko o hooreejo Caucus, o fuɗɗii batuuji teeŋtuɗi hakkunde Guwerneeruuji Fuɗnaange-rewo e terɗe Asaambele ngenndi, ɗi ngoni ko e wallitde hakkeeji e ƴellitaare diiwaan oo. Ɗee golle ina njeyaa e darnde mawnde e :

Sosde Goomu Ƴellitaare Delta Niiseer (NDDC).

Yoɓde 13% e ngalu derivation e dowlaaji peewnooji petroŋ.

Mumtugol dikotomi petroŋ e nder geec/leydi.

Anndinde ngenndiire huuɓtodinnde ko faati e bonnugol e nder renndooji peewnugol petroŋ.

Manndaa ɗiɗmo (2003–2007) : O toɗɗaa hooreejo, Goomu suudu sarɗiiji ngam haɓaade fenaande, etikaaji e nafooje ngenndiije. E nder winndere ndee, o woniino hooreejo fedde depiteeji Afrik ngam haɓaade fenaande (APNAC), o woniino kadi gardiiɗo gollordu Afrik worgo.

== Toɗɗagol jaagorɗe ==
E hitaande 2010, mawɗo Essien toɗɗaama jaagorgal leydi, koɗki e ƴellitaare wuro[8], ko hooreejo leydi Goodluck Jonathan, golloowo e nder Diiso doosɗe leydi ndii.

Koolol ngenndiwal e darnde mawɗo dowla

O suɓaama ngam wonde nominaasiyoŋ mawɗo dowlaaji e nder batu ngenndi 2014. O wonii hannde e darnde Ardiiɗo Siyaas e nder diiwaan Senator Eket to diiwaan Akwa Ibom.

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==
Nduese Essien ko debbo, ina jogii sukaaɓe e taaniraaɓe.

== Tiitooɗe aadaaji ==
Omo jogii tiitooɗe laamɗo aadaaji keewɗe maantiniiɗe, ina jeyaa heen :

== Atta mo Ekid ==
Ada Idaha ke Efik Ebrutu

Onwa to Amaise (Diiwaan Anambra)

== Nturukpum Ekid Afid ==

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
      <sha1>8ultqg4f89c7bj9dmdtds22ktowa1eg</sha1>
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    <title>Maayo Matlabas</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Maayo Matlabas''' ko maayo e nder diiwaan Limpopo, to Afrik worgo. Ko ɗum ɓuuɓol maayo Limpopo. Wertallo maayo ngoo ina waɗi 3 448 kiloomeeteer kaaree.[2] Nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo fof ina tawee e nder Municipaalitee diiwaan Waterberg.  == Yahde == Matlabas ina jogii iwdi mum to bannge hirnaange maayo Waterberg e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Marakele.[3] Caggal nde yalti e koɗli ɗii nde rewata ko no feewi to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, nde rewi e Lowveld haa nde hawr...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="680" sha1="7vfcvm39ge5ultkjtcu5a1jn458e2tf" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Matlabas''' ko maayo e nder diiwaan Limpopo, to Afrik worgo. Ko ɗum ɓuuɓol maayo Limpopo. Wertallo maayo ngoo ina waɗi 3 448 kiloomeeteer kaaree.[2] Nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo fof ina tawee e nder Municipaalitee diiwaan Waterberg.

== Yahde ==
Matlabas ina jogii iwdi mum to bannge hirnaange maayo Waterberg e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Marakele.[3] Caggal nde yalti e koɗli ɗii nde rewata ko no feewi to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, nde rewi e Lowveld haa nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo.

Hay so tawii ko maayo duumotooɗo, Matlabas ina heewi waylooji e sahaaji, ko ɗum waɗi ndiyam mum ina wayloo no feewi.[4] Maayo maggo mawngo ko maayo Mamba.[5]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Matlabas''' ko maayo e nder diiwaan Limpopo, to Afrik worgo. Ko ɗum ɓuuɓol maayo Limpopo. Wertallo maayo ngoo ina waɗi 3 448 kiloomeeteer kaaree.[2] Nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo fof ina tawee e nder Municipaalitee diiwaan Waterberg.

== Yahde ==
Matlabas ina jogii iwdi mum to bannge hirnaange maayo Waterberg e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Marakele.[3] Caggal nde yalti e koɗli ɗii nde rewata ko no feewi to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, nde rewi e Lowveld haa nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo.

Hay so tawii ko maayo duumotooɗo, Matlabas ina heewi waylooji e sahaaji, ko ɗum waɗi ndiyam mum ina wayloo no feewi.[4] Maayo maggo mawngo ko maayo Mamba.[5]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Matlabas''' ko maayo e nder diiwaan Limpopo, to Afrik worgo. Ko ɗum ɓuuɓol maayo Limpopo. Wertallo maayo ngoo ina waɗi 3 448 kiloomeeteer kaaree.&lt;ref&gt;Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin&lt;/ref&gt; Nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo fof ina tawee e nder Municipaalitee diiwaan Waterberg.

== Yahde ==
Matlabas ina jogii iwdi mum to bannge hirnaange maayo Waterberg e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Marakele.[3] Caggal nde yalti e koɗli ɗii nde rewata ko no feewi to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, nde rewi e Lowveld haa nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo.

Hay so tawii ko maayo duumotooɗo, Matlabas ina heewi waylooji e sahaaji, ko ɗum waɗi ndiyam mum ina wayloo no feewi.[4] Maayo maggo mawngo ko maayo Mamba.[5]

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'''Maayo Matlabas''' ko maayo e nder diiwaan Limpopo, to Afrik worgo. Ko ɗum ɓuuɓol maayo Limpopo. Wertallo maayo ngoo ina waɗi 3 448 kiloomeeteer kaaree.&lt;ref&gt;Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin&lt;/ref&gt; Nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo fof ina tawee e nder Municipaalitee diiwaan Waterberg.

== Yahde ==
Matlabas ina jogii iwdi mum to bannge hirnaange maayo Waterberg e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Marakele.&lt;ref&gt;The Marakele Contractual National Park Archived 2009-10-15 at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt; Caggal nde yalti e koɗli ɗii nde rewata ko no feewi to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, nde rewi e Lowveld haa nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo.

Hay so tawii ko maayo duumotooɗo, Matlabas ina heewi waylooji e sahaaji, ko ɗum waɗi ndiyam mum ina wayloo no feewi.[4] Maayo maggo mawngo ko maayo Mamba.[5]

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'''Maayo Matlabas''' ko maayo e nder diiwaan Limpopo, to Afrik worgo. Ko ɗum ɓuuɓol maayo Limpopo. Wertallo maayo ngoo ina waɗi 3 448 kiloomeeteer kaaree.&lt;ref&gt;Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin&lt;/ref&gt; Nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo fof ina tawee e nder Municipaalitee diiwaan Waterberg.

== Yahde ==
Matlabas ina jogii iwdi mum to bannge hirnaange maayo Waterberg e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Marakele.&lt;ref&gt;The Marakele Contractual National Park Archived 2009-10-15 at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt; Caggal nde yalti e koɗli ɗii nde rewata ko no feewi to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, nde rewi e Lowveld haa nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo.

Hay so tawii ko maayo duumotooɗo, Matlabas ina heewi waylooji e sahaaji, ko ɗum waɗi ndiyam mum ina wayloo no feewi.&lt;ref&gt;Waterberg District Environmental Management Network&lt;/ref&gt; Maayo maggo mawngo ko maayo Mamba.[5]

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'''Maayo Matlabas''' ko maayo e nder diiwaan Limpopo, to Afrik worgo. Ko ɗum ɓuuɓol maayo Limpopo. Wertallo maayo ngoo ina waɗi 3 448 kiloomeeteer kaaree.&lt;ref&gt;Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin&lt;/ref&gt; Nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo fof ina tawee e nder Municipaalitee diiwaan Waterberg.

== Yahde ==
Matlabas ina jogii iwdi mum to bannge hirnaange maayo Waterberg e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Marakele.&lt;ref&gt;The Marakele Contractual National Park Archived 2009-10-15 at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt; Caggal nde yalti e koɗli ɗii nde rewata ko no feewi to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, nde rewi e Lowveld haa nde hawri e daande maayo Limpopo.

Hay so tawii ko maayo duumotooɗo, Matlabas ina heewi waylooji e sahaaji, ko ɗum waɗi ndiyam mum ina wayloo no feewi.&lt;ref&gt;Waterberg District Environmental Management Network&lt;/ref&gt; Maayo maggo mawngo ko maayo Mamba.&lt;ref&gt;Limpopo WMA 1&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Maayo henndu</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Maayo Hennops''' ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude ɗi ɓuuɓnata Gauteng, to Afrik worgo. Ina waɗi ɓuuɓri mum sara Kempton Park, fuɗnaange Johannesburg, ina hawra e maayo Crocodile ko juuti hade baraas Hartbeespoort. Ko ɗum jeyi e maayooji ɓurɗi pollude e Gauteng.[1]  == Yahde == Maayo Hennops fuɗɗotoo ko Terenure, to Kempton Park, ina rewa bannge worgo feewde wuro Tembisa. Ndeen nde rewi ko e Olifantsfontein, nde hawri e maayo Sesmyl ngo yaltata e baraas...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2580" sha1="g0v4lrbg5iy5839j3u9r20z6b1pkjnq" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Hennops''' ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude ɗi ɓuuɓnata Gauteng, to Afrik worgo. Ina waɗi ɓuuɓri mum sara Kempton Park, fuɗnaange Johannesburg, ina hawra e maayo Crocodile ko juuti hade baraas Hartbeespoort. Ko ɗum jeyi e maayooji ɓurɗi pollude e Gauteng.[1]

== Yahde ==
Maayo Hennops fuɗɗotoo ko Terenure, to Kempton Park, ina rewa bannge worgo feewde wuro Tembisa. Ndeen nde rewi ko e Olifantsfontein, nde hawri e maayo Sesmyl ngo yaltata e baraas Rietvlei. Maayo ngoo noon ina wirna fuɗnaange-rewo ina rewa e hakkunde Centurion. Maayo ngoo ina jokki e ooɗoo bannge ina rewi e daande maayo Magaliesberg hade mum ruttaade e maayo Crocodile to bannge ñaamo mum sara baraas Hartbeespoort.

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraas Rietvlei, rokkata ndiyam wuro Tshwane, kam e baraasuuji gese keewɗi ina tawee e maayo Hennops. Lake Centurion kam e weiruuji keewɗi ina tawee e maayo ngoo.

== Cuuɗi ==
Maayo Hennops ina jeyaa e maayooji Gauteng ɓurɗi pollude. Koɗkiiji laaɓtuɗi ɗi ŋakkaani e ɗi moƴƴaani e nder Tembisa, e nder Park Ivoire, e nder Olifantsfontein e Erasmia, mbaɗti maayo ngoo ɓuuɓri udditiindi. AfriForum mooftii seedanteeje ndiyam ummoraade e maayo Hennops e fawaade e njeñtudi ndii, ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 100 mbuuɗu e mikroo-organisme kollitoowo biyeteeɗo Escherichia coli ina tawee e 100 ml ndiyam. Risk cellal ina mawni e yimɓe arooɓe e jokkondiral timmungal walla feccere e ndiyam jogiiɗam ko ɓuri 2000 koloñaal e nder 100 ml.[2]

Kosam ɗam laaɓaani walla ɗam laaɓaani seeɗa ina waɗi kadi fosfaat e nitrat keewɗo, ko ɗum addanta caɗeele eutrophication e nder baraas Hartbeespoort. E hitaande 2020, fedde FRESH ONG waɗii jolɗe e nder wuro Clayville to Tembisa, yimɓe nokku oo ina ngolloo ngam ittude mborosaaji ɗi ɓooyaani moofti.[3]

== Kewuuji ==
E lewru abriil 2025, konstaabeluuji tati majjuɗi njiytaa ko e maayo Hennops sara laawol N1 to Centurion.[4] Ɓe majjii ko ina wona yontere, ɓe mbiyi ɓe ngoni ko e yahde gila Bloemfontein to Free State haa diiwaan Limpopo, ɗo ɓe ndartinaa ɗoo.[5] Polis yiyti kadi ɓalli ɗiɗi goɗɗi, heen gooto ko polis Afrik worgo gonɗo e nokku polis Lyttleton, gooto ko siwil.[6][7]

== Nokkuuji turism ==
Falnde maayo ko nokku ñalɗi e ñalɗi teskinɗi wonande hoɗɓe e gure saraaji ɗii. Bannge Hennops ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe ngam yahde njilluuji,[8] liɗɗi, kammu,[9] e piknik. Nde taƴata ko ponti ɗiɗi tokoosi, heen gooto ko to Centurion Mall, goɗɗo oo ko to Hennops Pride [1]. Ina woodi kadi nokkuuji restoraaji e laawol 4x4.[10]

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'''Maayo Hennops''' ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude ɗi ɓuuɓnata Gauteng, to Afrik worgo. Ina waɗi ɓuuɓri mum sara Kempton Park, fuɗnaange Johannesburg, ina hawra e maayo Crocodile ko juuti hade baraas Hartbeespoort. Ko ɗum jeyi e maayooji ɓurɗi pollude e Gauteng.[1]

== Yahde ==
Maayo Hennops fuɗɗotoo ko Terenure, to Kempton Park, ina rewa bannge worgo feewde wuro Tembisa. Ndeen nde rewi ko e Olifantsfontein, nde hawri e maayo Sesmyl ngo yaltata e baraas Rietvlei. Maayo ngoo noon ina wirna fuɗnaange-rewo ina rewa e hakkunde Centurion. Maayo ngoo ina jokki e ooɗoo bannge ina rewi e daande maayo Magaliesberg hade mum ruttaade e maayo Crocodile to bannge ñaamo mum sara baraas Hartbeespoort.

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraas Rietvlei, rokkata ndiyam wuro Tshwane, kam e baraasuuji gese keewɗi ina tawee e maayo Hennops. Lake Centurion kam e weiruuji keewɗi ina tawee e maayo ngoo.

== Cuuɗi ==
Maayo Hennops ina jeyaa e maayooji Gauteng ɓurɗi pollude. Koɗkiiji laaɓtuɗi ɗi ŋakkaani e ɗi moƴƴaani e nder Tembisa, e nder Park Ivoire, e nder Olifantsfontein e Erasmia, mbaɗti maayo ngoo ɓuuɓri udditiindi. AfriForum mooftii seedanteeje ndiyam ummoraade e maayo Hennops e fawaade e njeñtudi ndii, ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 100 mbuuɗu e mikroo-organisme kollitoowo biyeteeɗo Escherichia coli ina tawee e 100 ml ndiyam. Risk cellal ina mawni e yimɓe arooɓe e jokkondiral timmungal walla feccere e ndiyam jogiiɗam ko ɓuri 2000 koloñaal e nder 100 ml.[2]

Kosam ɗam laaɓaani walla ɗam laaɓaani seeɗa ina waɗi kadi fosfaat e nitrat keewɗo, ko ɗum addanta caɗeele eutrophication e nder baraas Hartbeespoort. E hitaande 2020, fedde FRESH ONG waɗii jolɗe e nder wuro Clayville to Tembisa, yimɓe nokku oo ina ngolloo ngam ittude mborosaaji ɗi ɓooyaani moofti.[3]

== Kewuuji ==
E lewru abriil 2025, konstaabeluuji tati majjuɗi njiytaa ko e maayo Hennops sara laawol N1 to Centurion.[4] Ɓe majjii ko ina wona yontere, ɓe mbiyi ɓe ngoni ko e yahde gila Bloemfontein to Free State haa diiwaan Limpopo, ɗo ɓe ndartinaa ɗoo.[5] Polis yiyti kadi ɓalli ɗiɗi goɗɗi, heen gooto ko polis Afrik worgo gonɗo e nokku polis Lyttleton, gooto ko siwil.[6][7]

== Nokkuuji turism ==
Falnde maayo ko nokku ñalɗi e ñalɗi teskinɗi wonande hoɗɓe e gure saraaji ɗii. Bannge Hennops ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe ngam yahde njilluuji,[8] liɗɗi, kammu,[9] e piknik. Nde taƴata ko ponti ɗiɗi tokoosi, heen gooto ko to Centurion Mall, goɗɗo oo ko to Hennops Pride [1]. Ina woodi kadi nokkuuji restoraaji e laawol 4x4.[10]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Hennops''' ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude ɗi ɓuuɓnata Gauteng, to Afrik worgo. Ina waɗi ɓuuɓri mum sara Kempton Park, fuɗnaange Johannesburg, ina hawra e maayo Crocodile ko juuti hade baraas Hartbeespoort. Ko ɗum jeyi e maayooji ɓurɗi pollude e Gauteng.&lt;ref&gt;Crocodile/Marico WMA 3, dwaf.gov.za. Accessed 6 August 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Maayo Hennops fuɗɗotoo ko Terenure, to Kempton Park, ina rewa bannge worgo feewde wuro Tembisa. Ndeen nde rewi ko e Olifantsfontein, nde hawri e maayo Sesmyl ngo yaltata e baraas Rietvlei. Maayo ngoo noon ina wirna fuɗnaange-rewo ina rewa e hakkunde Centurion. Maayo ngoo ina jokki e ooɗoo bannge ina rewi e daande maayo Magaliesberg hade mum ruttaade e maayo Crocodile to bannge ñaamo mum sara baraas Hartbeespoort.

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraas Rietvlei, rokkata ndiyam wuro Tshwane, kam e baraasuuji gese keewɗi ina tawee e maayo Hennops. Lake Centurion kam e weiruuji keewɗi ina tawee e maayo ngoo.

== Cuuɗi ==
Maayo Hennops ina jeyaa e maayooji Gauteng ɓurɗi pollude. Koɗkiiji laaɓtuɗi ɗi ŋakkaani e ɗi moƴƴaani e nder Tembisa, e nder Park Ivoire, e nder Olifantsfontein e Erasmia, mbaɗti maayo ngoo ɓuuɓri udditiindi. AfriForum mooftii seedanteeje ndiyam ummoraade e maayo Hennops e fawaade e njeñtudi ndii, ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 100 mbuuɗu e mikroo-organisme kollitoowo biyeteeɗo Escherichia coli ina tawee e 100 ml ndiyam. Risk cellal ina mawni e yimɓe arooɓe e jokkondiral timmungal walla feccere e ndiyam jogiiɗam ko ɓuri 2000 koloñaal e nder 100 ml.[2]

Kosam ɗam laaɓaani walla ɗam laaɓaani seeɗa ina waɗi kadi fosfaat e nitrat keewɗo, ko ɗum addanta caɗeele eutrophication e nder baraas Hartbeespoort. E hitaande 2020, fedde FRESH ONG waɗii jolɗe e nder wuro Clayville to Tembisa, yimɓe nokku oo ina ngolloo ngam ittude mborosaaji ɗi ɓooyaani moofti.[3]

== Kewuuji ==
E lewru abriil 2025, konstaabeluuji tati majjuɗi njiytaa ko e maayo Hennops sara laawol N1 to Centurion.[4] Ɓe majjii ko ina wona yontere, ɓe mbiyi ɓe ngoni ko e yahde gila Bloemfontein to Free State haa diiwaan Limpopo, ɗo ɓe ndartinaa ɗoo.[5] Polis yiyti kadi ɓalli ɗiɗi goɗɗi, heen gooto ko polis Afrik worgo gonɗo e nokku polis Lyttleton, gooto ko siwil.[6][7]

== Nokkuuji turism ==
Falnde maayo ko nokku ñalɗi e ñalɗi teskinɗi wonande hoɗɓe e gure saraaji ɗii. Bannge Hennops ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe ngam yahde njilluuji,[8] liɗɗi, kammu,[9] e piknik. Nde taƴata ko ponti ɗiɗi tokoosi, heen gooto ko to Centurion Mall, goɗɗo oo ko to Hennops Pride [1]. Ina woodi kadi nokkuuji restoraaji e laawol 4x4.[10]

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'''Maayo Hennops''' ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude ɗi ɓuuɓnata Gauteng, to Afrik worgo. Ina waɗi ɓuuɓri mum sara Kempton Park, fuɗnaange Johannesburg, ina hawra e maayo Crocodile ko juuti hade baraas Hartbeespoort. Ko ɗum jeyi e maayooji ɓurɗi pollude e Gauteng.&lt;ref&gt;Crocodile/Marico WMA 3, dwaf.gov.za. Accessed 6 August 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Maayo Hennops fuɗɗotoo ko Terenure, to Kempton Park, ina rewa bannge worgo feewde wuro Tembisa. Ndeen nde rewi ko e Olifantsfontein, nde hawri e maayo Sesmyl ngo yaltata e baraas Rietvlei. Maayo ngoo noon ina wirna fuɗnaange-rewo ina rewa e hakkunde Centurion. Maayo ngoo ina jokki e ooɗoo bannge ina rewi e daande maayo Magaliesberg hade mum ruttaade e maayo Crocodile to bannge ñaamo mum sara baraas Hartbeespoort.

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraas Rietvlei, rokkata ndiyam wuro Tshwane, kam e baraasuuji gese keewɗi ina tawee e maayo Hennops. Lake Centurion kam e weiruuji keewɗi ina tawee e maayo ngoo.

== Cuuɗi ==
Maayo Hennops ina jeyaa e maayooji Gauteng ɓurɗi pollude. Koɗkiiji laaɓtuɗi ɗi ŋakkaani e ɗi moƴƴaani e nder Tembisa, e nder Park Ivoire, e nder Olifantsfontein e Erasmia, mbaɗti maayo ngoo ɓuuɓri udditiindi. AfriForum mooftii seedanteeje ndiyam ummoraade e maayo Hennops e fawaade e njeñtudi ndii, ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 100 mbuuɗu e mikroo-organisme kollitoowo biyeteeɗo Escherichia coli ina tawee e 100 ml ndiyam. Risk cellal ina mawni e yimɓe arooɓe e jokkondiral timmungal walla feccere e ndiyam jogiiɗam ko ɓuri 2000 koloñaal e nder 100 ml.&lt;ref&gt;Du Preez, Martella; Kühn, Anneli; Van Niekerk, Harold; Venter, S N. &quot;National Microbial Monitoring Programme for Surface Water (implementation manual)&quot; (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Retrieved 28 July 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kosam ɗam laaɓaani walla ɗam laaɓaani seeɗa ina waɗi kadi fosfaat e nitrat keewɗo, ko ɗum addanta caɗeele eutrophication e nder baraas Hartbeespoort. E hitaande 2020, fedde FRESH ONG waɗii jolɗe e nder wuro Clayville to Tembisa, yimɓe nokku oo ina ngolloo ngam ittude mborosaaji ɗi ɓooyaani moofti.[3]

== Kewuuji ==
E lewru abriil 2025, konstaabeluuji tati majjuɗi njiytaa ko e maayo Hennops sara laawol N1 to Centurion.[4] Ɓe majjii ko ina wona yontere, ɓe mbiyi ɓe ngoni ko e yahde gila Bloemfontein to Free State haa diiwaan Limpopo, ɗo ɓe ndartinaa ɗoo.[5] Polis yiyti kadi ɓalli ɗiɗi goɗɗi, heen gooto ko polis Afrik worgo gonɗo e nokku polis Lyttleton, gooto ko siwil.[6][7]

== Nokkuuji turism ==
Falnde maayo ko nokku ñalɗi e ñalɗi teskinɗi wonande hoɗɓe e gure saraaji ɗii. Bannge Hennops ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe ngam yahde njilluuji,[8] liɗɗi, kammu,[9] e piknik. Nde taƴata ko ponti ɗiɗi tokoosi, heen gooto ko to Centurion Mall, goɗɗo oo ko to Hennops Pride [1]. Ina woodi kadi nokkuuji restoraaji e laawol 4x4.[10]

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'''Maayo Hennops''' ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude ɗi ɓuuɓnata Gauteng, to Afrik worgo. Ina waɗi ɓuuɓri mum sara Kempton Park, fuɗnaange Johannesburg, ina hawra e maayo Crocodile ko juuti hade baraas Hartbeespoort. Ko ɗum jeyi e maayooji ɓurɗi pollude e Gauteng.&lt;ref&gt;Crocodile/Marico WMA 3, dwaf.gov.za. Accessed 6 August 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Maayo Hennops fuɗɗotoo ko Terenure, to Kempton Park, ina rewa bannge worgo feewde wuro Tembisa. Ndeen nde rewi ko e Olifantsfontein, nde hawri e maayo Sesmyl ngo yaltata e baraas Rietvlei. Maayo ngoo noon ina wirna fuɗnaange-rewo ina rewa e hakkunde Centurion. Maayo ngoo ina jokki e ooɗoo bannge ina rewi e daande maayo Magaliesberg hade mum ruttaade e maayo Crocodile to bannge ñaamo mum sara baraas Hartbeespoort.

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraas Rietvlei, rokkata ndiyam wuro Tshwane, kam e baraasuuji gese keewɗi ina tawee e maayo Hennops. Lake Centurion kam e weiruuji keewɗi ina tawee e maayo ngoo.

== Cuuɗi ==
Maayo Hennops ina jeyaa e maayooji Gauteng ɓurɗi pollude. Koɗkiiji laaɓtuɗi ɗi ŋakkaani e ɗi moƴƴaani e nder Tembisa, e nder Park Ivoire, e nder Olifantsfontein e Erasmia, mbaɗti maayo ngoo ɓuuɓri udditiindi. AfriForum mooftii seedanteeje ndiyam ummoraade e maayo Hennops e fawaade e njeñtudi ndii, ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 100 mbuuɗu e mikroo-organisme kollitoowo biyeteeɗo Escherichia coli ina tawee e 100 ml ndiyam. Risk cellal ina mawni e yimɓe arooɓe e jokkondiral timmungal walla feccere e ndiyam jogiiɗam ko ɓuri 2000 koloñaal e nder 100 ml.&lt;ref&gt;Du Preez, Martella; Kühn, Anneli; Van Niekerk, Harold; Venter, S N. &quot;National Microbial Monitoring Programme for Surface Water (implementation manual)&quot; (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Retrieved 28 July 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kosam ɗam laaɓaani walla ɗam laaɓaani seeɗa ina waɗi kadi fosfaat e nitrat keewɗo, ko ɗum addanta caɗeele eutrophication e nder baraas Hartbeespoort. E hitaande 2020, fedde FRESH ONG waɗii jolɗe e nder wuro Clayville to Tembisa, yimɓe nokku oo ina ngolloo ngam ittude mborosaaji ɗi ɓooyaani moofti.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;FRESH removing plastic waste from litter traps placed on the Hennops River&quot;. China Plus South Africa. YouTube. Retrieved 6 December 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kewuuji ==
E lewru abriil 2025, konstaabeluuji tati majjuɗi njiytaa ko e maayo Hennops sara laawol N1 to Centurion.[4] Ɓe majjii ko ina wona yontere, ɓe mbiyi ɓe ngoni ko e yahde gila Bloemfontein to Free State haa diiwaan Limpopo, ɗo ɓe ndartinaa ɗoo.[5] Polis yiyti kadi ɓalli ɗiɗi goɗɗi, heen gooto ko polis Afrik worgo gonɗo e nokku polis Lyttleton, gooto ko siwil.[6][7]

== Nokkuuji turism ==
Falnde maayo ko nokku ñalɗi e ñalɗi teskinɗi wonande hoɗɓe e gure saraaji ɗii. Bannge Hennops ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe ngam yahde njilluuji,[8] liɗɗi, kammu,[9] e piknik. Nde taƴata ko ponti ɗiɗi tokoosi, heen gooto ko to Centurion Mall, goɗɗo oo ko to Hennops Pride [1]. Ina woodi kadi nokkuuji restoraaji e laawol 4x4.[10]

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'''Maayo Hennops''' ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude ɗi ɓuuɓnata Gauteng, to Afrik worgo. Ina waɗi ɓuuɓri mum sara Kempton Park, fuɗnaange Johannesburg, ina hawra e maayo Crocodile ko juuti hade baraas Hartbeespoort. Ko ɗum jeyi e maayooji ɓurɗi pollude e Gauteng.&lt;ref&gt;Crocodile/Marico WMA 3, dwaf.gov.za. Accessed 6 August 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Maayo Hennops fuɗɗotoo ko Terenure, to Kempton Park, ina rewa bannge worgo feewde wuro Tembisa. Ndeen nde rewi ko e Olifantsfontein, nde hawri e maayo Sesmyl ngo yaltata e baraas Rietvlei. Maayo ngoo noon ina wirna fuɗnaange-rewo ina rewa e hakkunde Centurion. Maayo ngoo ina jokki e ooɗoo bannge ina rewi e daande maayo Magaliesberg hade mum ruttaade e maayo Crocodile to bannge ñaamo mum sara baraas Hartbeespoort.

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraas Rietvlei, rokkata ndiyam wuro Tshwane, kam e baraasuuji gese keewɗi ina tawee e maayo Hennops. Lake Centurion kam e weiruuji keewɗi ina tawee e maayo ngoo.

== Cuuɗi ==
Maayo Hennops ina jeyaa e maayooji Gauteng ɓurɗi pollude. Koɗkiiji laaɓtuɗi ɗi ŋakkaani e ɗi moƴƴaani e nder Tembisa, e nder Park Ivoire, e nder Olifantsfontein e Erasmia, mbaɗti maayo ngoo ɓuuɓri udditiindi. AfriForum mooftii seedanteeje ndiyam ummoraade e maayo Hennops e fawaade e njeñtudi ndii, ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 100 mbuuɗu e mikroo-organisme kollitoowo biyeteeɗo Escherichia coli ina tawee e 100 ml ndiyam. Risk cellal ina mawni e yimɓe arooɓe e jokkondiral timmungal walla feccere e ndiyam jogiiɗam ko ɓuri 2000 koloñaal e nder 100 ml.&lt;ref&gt;Du Preez, Martella; Kühn, Anneli; Van Niekerk, Harold; Venter, S N. &quot;National Microbial Monitoring Programme for Surface Water (implementation manual)&quot; (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Retrieved 28 July 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kosam ɗam laaɓaani walla ɗam laaɓaani seeɗa ina waɗi kadi fosfaat e nitrat keewɗo, ko ɗum addanta caɗeele eutrophication e nder baraas Hartbeespoort. E hitaande 2020, fedde FRESH ONG waɗii jolɗe e nder wuro Clayville to Tembisa, yimɓe nokku oo ina ngolloo ngam ittude mborosaaji ɗi ɓooyaani moofti.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;FRESH removing plastic waste from litter traps placed on the Hennops River&quot;. China Plus South Africa. YouTube. Retrieved 6 December 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kewuuji ==
E lewru abriil 2025, konstaabeluuji tati majjuɗi njiytaa ko e maayo Hennops sara laawol N1 to Centurion.&lt;ref&gt;Singh, Orrin. &quot;Five bodies recovered from Hennops River in search for missing Free State officers&quot;. EWN. Retrieved 30 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ɓe majjii ko ina wona yontere, ɓe mbiyi ɓe ngoni ko e yahde gila Bloemfontein to Free State haa diiwaan Limpopo, ɗo ɓe ndartinaa ɗoo.[5] Polis yiyti kadi ɓalli ɗiɗi goɗɗi, heen gooto ko polis Afrik worgo gonɗo e nokku polis Lyttleton, gooto ko siwil.[6][7]

== Nokkuuji turism ==
Falnde maayo ko nokku ñalɗi e ñalɗi teskinɗi wonande hoɗɓe e gure saraaji ɗii. Bannge Hennops ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe ngam yahde njilluuji,[8] liɗɗi, kammu,[9] e piknik. Nde taƴata ko ponti ɗiɗi tokoosi, heen gooto ko to Centurion Mall, goɗɗo oo ko to Hennops Pride [1]. Ina woodi kadi nokkuuji restoraaji e laawol 4x4.[10]

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'''Maayo Hennops''' ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude ɗi ɓuuɓnata Gauteng, to Afrik worgo. Ina waɗi ɓuuɓri mum sara Kempton Park, fuɗnaange Johannesburg, ina hawra e maayo Crocodile ko juuti hade baraas Hartbeespoort. Ko ɗum jeyi e maayooji ɓurɗi pollude e Gauteng.&lt;ref&gt;Crocodile/Marico WMA 3, dwaf.gov.za. Accessed 6 August 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Maayo Hennops fuɗɗotoo ko Terenure, to Kempton Park, ina rewa bannge worgo feewde wuro Tembisa. Ndeen nde rewi ko e Olifantsfontein, nde hawri e maayo Sesmyl ngo yaltata e baraas Rietvlei. Maayo ngoo noon ina wirna fuɗnaange-rewo ina rewa e hakkunde Centurion. Maayo ngoo ina jokki e ooɗoo bannge ina rewi e daande maayo Magaliesberg hade mum ruttaade e maayo Crocodile to bannge ñaamo mum sara baraas Hartbeespoort.

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraas Rietvlei, rokkata ndiyam wuro Tshwane, kam e baraasuuji gese keewɗi ina tawee e maayo Hennops. Lake Centurion kam e weiruuji keewɗi ina tawee e maayo ngoo.

== Cuuɗi ==
Maayo Hennops ina jeyaa e maayooji Gauteng ɓurɗi pollude. Koɗkiiji laaɓtuɗi ɗi ŋakkaani e ɗi moƴƴaani e nder Tembisa, e nder Park Ivoire, e nder Olifantsfontein e Erasmia, mbaɗti maayo ngoo ɓuuɓri udditiindi. AfriForum mooftii seedanteeje ndiyam ummoraade e maayo Hennops e fawaade e njeñtudi ndii, ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 100 mbuuɗu e mikroo-organisme kollitoowo biyeteeɗo Escherichia coli ina tawee e 100 ml ndiyam. Risk cellal ina mawni e yimɓe arooɓe e jokkondiral timmungal walla feccere e ndiyam jogiiɗam ko ɓuri 2000 koloñaal e nder 100 ml.&lt;ref&gt;Du Preez, Martella; Kühn, Anneli; Van Niekerk, Harold; Venter, S N. &quot;National Microbial Monitoring Programme for Surface Water (implementation manual)&quot; (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Retrieved 28 July 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kosam ɗam laaɓaani walla ɗam laaɓaani seeɗa ina waɗi kadi fosfaat e nitrat keewɗo, ko ɗum addanta caɗeele eutrophication e nder baraas Hartbeespoort. E hitaande 2020, fedde FRESH ONG waɗii jolɗe e nder wuro Clayville to Tembisa, yimɓe nokku oo ina ngolloo ngam ittude mborosaaji ɗi ɓooyaani moofti.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;FRESH removing plastic waste from litter traps placed on the Hennops River&quot;. China Plus South Africa. YouTube. Retrieved 6 December 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kewuuji ==
E lewru abriil 2025, konstaabeluuji tati majjuɗi njiytaa ko e maayo Hennops sara laawol N1 to Centurion.&lt;ref&gt;Singh, Orrin. &quot;Five bodies recovered from Hennops River in search for missing Free State officers&quot;. EWN. Retrieved 30 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ɓe majjii ko ina wona yontere, ɓe mbiyi ɓe ngoni ko e yahde gila Bloemfontein to Free State haa diiwaan Limpopo, ɗo ɓe ndartinaa ɗoo.&lt;ref&gt;Sibiya, Noxolo. &quot;Remains of 3 missing officers identified among 5 bodies retrieved from Hennops River&quot;. News24. Retrieved 30 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Polis yiyti kadi ɓalli ɗiɗi goɗɗi, heen gooto ko polis Afrik worgo gonɗo e nokku polis Lyttleton, gooto ko siwil.[6][7]

== Nokkuuji turism ==
Falnde maayo ko nokku ñalɗi e ñalɗi teskinɗi wonande hoɗɓe e gure saraaji ɗii. Bannge Hennops ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe ngam yahde njilluuji,[8] liɗɗi, kammu,[9] e piknik. Nde taƴata ko ponti ɗiɗi tokoosi, heen gooto ko to Centurion Mall, goɗɗo oo ko to Hennops Pride [1]. Ina woodi kadi nokkuuji restoraaji e laawol 4x4.[10]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Hennops''' ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude ɗi ɓuuɓnata Gauteng, to Afrik worgo. Ina waɗi ɓuuɓri mum sara Kempton Park, fuɗnaange Johannesburg, ina hawra e maayo Crocodile ko juuti hade baraas Hartbeespoort. Ko ɗum jeyi e maayooji ɓurɗi pollude e Gauteng.&lt;ref&gt;Crocodile/Marico WMA 3, dwaf.gov.za. Accessed 6 August 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Maayo Hennops fuɗɗotoo ko Terenure, to Kempton Park, ina rewa bannge worgo feewde wuro Tembisa. Ndeen nde rewi ko e Olifantsfontein, nde hawri e maayo Sesmyl ngo yaltata e baraas Rietvlei. Maayo ngoo noon ina wirna fuɗnaange-rewo ina rewa e hakkunde Centurion. Maayo ngoo ina jokki e ooɗoo bannge ina rewi e daande maayo Magaliesberg hade mum ruttaade e maayo Crocodile to bannge ñaamo mum sara baraas Hartbeespoort.

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraas Rietvlei, rokkata ndiyam wuro Tshwane, kam e baraasuuji gese keewɗi ina tawee e maayo Hennops. Lake Centurion kam e weiruuji keewɗi ina tawee e maayo ngoo.

== Cuuɗi ==
Maayo Hennops ina jeyaa e maayooji Gauteng ɓurɗi pollude. Koɗkiiji laaɓtuɗi ɗi ŋakkaani e ɗi moƴƴaani e nder Tembisa, e nder Park Ivoire, e nder Olifantsfontein e Erasmia, mbaɗti maayo ngoo ɓuuɓri udditiindi. AfriForum mooftii seedanteeje ndiyam ummoraade e maayo Hennops e fawaade e njeñtudi ndii, ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 100 mbuuɗu e mikroo-organisme kollitoowo biyeteeɗo Escherichia coli ina tawee e 100 ml ndiyam. Risk cellal ina mawni e yimɓe arooɓe e jokkondiral timmungal walla feccere e ndiyam jogiiɗam ko ɓuri 2000 koloñaal e nder 100 ml.&lt;ref&gt;Du Preez, Martella; Kühn, Anneli; Van Niekerk, Harold; Venter, S N. &quot;National Microbial Monitoring Programme for Surface Water (implementation manual)&quot; (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Retrieved 28 July 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kosam ɗam laaɓaani walla ɗam laaɓaani seeɗa ina waɗi kadi fosfaat e nitrat keewɗo, ko ɗum addanta caɗeele eutrophication e nder baraas Hartbeespoort. E hitaande 2020, fedde FRESH ONG waɗii jolɗe e nder wuro Clayville to Tembisa, yimɓe nokku oo ina ngolloo ngam ittude mborosaaji ɗi ɓooyaani moofti.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;FRESH removing plastic waste from litter traps placed on the Hennops River&quot;. China Plus South Africa. YouTube. Retrieved 6 December 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kewuuji ==
E lewru abriil 2025, konstaabeluuji tati majjuɗi njiytaa ko e maayo Hennops sara laawol N1 to Centurion.&lt;ref&gt;Singh, Orrin. &quot;Five bodies recovered from Hennops River in search for missing Free State officers&quot;. EWN. Retrieved 30 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ɓe majjii ko ina wona yontere, ɓe mbiyi ɓe ngoni ko e yahde gila Bloemfontein to Free State haa diiwaan Limpopo, ɗo ɓe ndartinaa ɗoo.&lt;ref&gt;Sibiya, Noxolo. &quot;Remains of 3 missing officers identified among 5 bodies retrieved from Hennops River&quot;. News24. Retrieved 30 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Polis yiyti kadi ɓalli ɗiɗi goɗɗi, heen gooto ko polis Afrik worgo gonɗo e nokku polis Lyttleton, gooto ko siwil.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;South African authorities find the bodies of 3 missing police officers in a river&quot;. AP News. 29 April 2025. Retrieved 30 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nokkuuji turism ==
Falnde maayo ko nokku ñalɗi e ñalɗi teskinɗi wonande hoɗɓe e gure saraaji ɗii. Bannge Hennops ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe ngam yahde njilluuji,[8] liɗɗi, kammu,[9] e piknik. Nde taƴata ko ponti ɗiɗi tokoosi, heen gooto ko to Centurion Mall, goɗɗo oo ko to Hennops Pride [1]. Ina woodi kadi nokkuuji restoraaji e laawol 4x4.[10]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Hennops''' ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude ɗi ɓuuɓnata Gauteng, to Afrik worgo. Ina waɗi ɓuuɓri mum sara Kempton Park, fuɗnaange Johannesburg, ina hawra e maayo Crocodile ko juuti hade baraas Hartbeespoort. Ko ɗum jeyi e maayooji ɓurɗi pollude e Gauteng.&lt;ref&gt;Crocodile/Marico WMA 3, dwaf.gov.za. Accessed 6 August 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Maayo Hennops fuɗɗotoo ko Terenure, to Kempton Park, ina rewa bannge worgo feewde wuro Tembisa. Ndeen nde rewi ko e Olifantsfontein, nde hawri e maayo Sesmyl ngo yaltata e baraas Rietvlei. Maayo ngoo noon ina wirna fuɗnaange-rewo ina rewa e hakkunde Centurion. Maayo ngoo ina jokki e ooɗoo bannge ina rewi e daande maayo Magaliesberg hade mum ruttaade e maayo Crocodile to bannge ñaamo mum sara baraas Hartbeespoort.

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraas Rietvlei, rokkata ndiyam wuro Tshwane, kam e baraasuuji gese keewɗi ina tawee e maayo Hennops. Lake Centurion kam e weiruuji keewɗi ina tawee e maayo ngoo.

== Cuuɗi ==
Maayo Hennops ina jeyaa e maayooji Gauteng ɓurɗi pollude. Koɗkiiji laaɓtuɗi ɗi ŋakkaani e ɗi moƴƴaani e nder Tembisa, e nder Park Ivoire, e nder Olifantsfontein e Erasmia, mbaɗti maayo ngoo ɓuuɓri udditiindi. AfriForum mooftii seedanteeje ndiyam ummoraade e maayo Hennops e fawaade e njeñtudi ndii, ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 100 mbuuɗu e mikroo-organisme kollitoowo biyeteeɗo Escherichia coli ina tawee e 100 ml ndiyam. Risk cellal ina mawni e yimɓe arooɓe e jokkondiral timmungal walla feccere e ndiyam jogiiɗam ko ɓuri 2000 koloñaal e nder 100 ml.&lt;ref&gt;Du Preez, Martella; Kühn, Anneli; Van Niekerk, Harold; Venter, S N. &quot;National Microbial Monitoring Programme for Surface Water (implementation manual)&quot; (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Retrieved 28 July 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kosam ɗam laaɓaani walla ɗam laaɓaani seeɗa ina waɗi kadi fosfaat e nitrat keewɗo, ko ɗum addanta caɗeele eutrophication e nder baraas Hartbeespoort. E hitaande 2020, fedde FRESH ONG waɗii jolɗe e nder wuro Clayville to Tembisa, yimɓe nokku oo ina ngolloo ngam ittude mborosaaji ɗi ɓooyaani moofti.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;FRESH removing plastic waste from litter traps placed on the Hennops River&quot;. China Plus South Africa. YouTube. Retrieved 6 December 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kewuuji ==
E lewru abriil 2025, konstaabeluuji tati majjuɗi njiytaa ko e maayo Hennops sara laawol N1 to Centurion.&lt;ref&gt;Singh, Orrin. &quot;Five bodies recovered from Hennops River in search for missing Free State officers&quot;. EWN. Retrieved 30 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ɓe majjii ko ina wona yontere, ɓe mbiyi ɓe ngoni ko e yahde gila Bloemfontein to Free State haa diiwaan Limpopo, ɗo ɓe ndartinaa ɗoo.&lt;ref&gt;Sibiya, Noxolo. &quot;Remains of 3 missing officers identified among 5 bodies retrieved from Hennops River&quot;. News24. Retrieved 30 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Polis yiyti kadi ɓalli ɗiɗi goɗɗi, heen gooto ko polis Afrik worgo gonɗo e nokku polis Lyttleton, gooto ko siwil.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;South African authorities find the bodies of 3 missing police officers in a river&quot;. AP News. 29 April 2025. Retrieved 30 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Sibiya, Noxolo. &quot;Remains of 3 missing officers identified among 5 bodies retrieved from Hennops River&quot;. News24. Retrieved 30 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nokkuuji turism ==
Falnde maayo ko nokku ñalɗi e ñalɗi teskinɗi wonande hoɗɓe e gure saraaji ɗii. Bannge Hennops ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe ngam yahde njilluuji,[8] liɗɗi, kammu,[9] e piknik. Nde taƴata ko ponti ɗiɗi tokoosi, heen gooto ko to Centurion Mall, goɗɗo oo ko to Hennops Pride [1]. Ina woodi kadi nokkuuji restoraaji e laawol 4x4.[10]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Hennops''' ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude ɗi ɓuuɓnata Gauteng, to Afrik worgo. Ina waɗi ɓuuɓri mum sara Kempton Park, fuɗnaange Johannesburg, ina hawra e maayo Crocodile ko juuti hade baraas Hartbeespoort. Ko ɗum jeyi e maayooji ɓurɗi pollude e Gauteng.&lt;ref&gt;Crocodile/Marico WMA 3, dwaf.gov.za. Accessed 6 August 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Maayo Hennops fuɗɗotoo ko Terenure, to Kempton Park, ina rewa bannge worgo feewde wuro Tembisa. Ndeen nde rewi ko e Olifantsfontein, nde hawri e maayo Sesmyl ngo yaltata e baraas Rietvlei. Maayo ngoo noon ina wirna fuɗnaange-rewo ina rewa e hakkunde Centurion. Maayo ngoo ina jokki e ooɗoo bannge ina rewi e daande maayo Magaliesberg hade mum ruttaade e maayo Crocodile to bannge ñaamo mum sara baraas Hartbeespoort.

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraas Rietvlei, rokkata ndiyam wuro Tshwane, kam e baraasuuji gese keewɗi ina tawee e maayo Hennops. Lake Centurion kam e weiruuji keewɗi ina tawee e maayo ngoo.

== Cuuɗi ==
Maayo Hennops ina jeyaa e maayooji Gauteng ɓurɗi pollude. Koɗkiiji laaɓtuɗi ɗi ŋakkaani e ɗi moƴƴaani e nder Tembisa, e nder Park Ivoire, e nder Olifantsfontein e Erasmia, mbaɗti maayo ngoo ɓuuɓri udditiindi. AfriForum mooftii seedanteeje ndiyam ummoraade e maayo Hennops e fawaade e njeñtudi ndii, ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 100 mbuuɗu e mikroo-organisme kollitoowo biyeteeɗo Escherichia coli ina tawee e 100 ml ndiyam. Risk cellal ina mawni e yimɓe arooɓe e jokkondiral timmungal walla feccere e ndiyam jogiiɗam ko ɓuri 2000 koloñaal e nder 100 ml.&lt;ref&gt;Du Preez, Martella; Kühn, Anneli; Van Niekerk, Harold; Venter, S N. &quot;National Microbial Monitoring Programme for Surface Water (implementation manual)&quot; (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Retrieved 28 July 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kosam ɗam laaɓaani walla ɗam laaɓaani seeɗa ina waɗi kadi fosfaat e nitrat keewɗo, ko ɗum addanta caɗeele eutrophication e nder baraas Hartbeespoort. E hitaande 2020, fedde FRESH ONG waɗii jolɗe e nder wuro Clayville to Tembisa, yimɓe nokku oo ina ngolloo ngam ittude mborosaaji ɗi ɓooyaani moofti.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;FRESH removing plastic waste from litter traps placed on the Hennops River&quot;. China Plus South Africa. YouTube. Retrieved 6 December 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kewuuji ==
E lewru abriil 2025, konstaabeluuji tati majjuɗi njiytaa ko e maayo Hennops sara laawol N1 to Centurion.&lt;ref&gt;Singh, Orrin. &quot;Five bodies recovered from Hennops River in search for missing Free State officers&quot;. EWN. Retrieved 30 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ɓe majjii ko ina wona yontere, ɓe mbiyi ɓe ngoni ko e yahde gila Bloemfontein to Free State haa diiwaan Limpopo, ɗo ɓe ndartinaa ɗoo.&lt;ref&gt;Sibiya, Noxolo. &quot;Remains of 3 missing officers identified among 5 bodies retrieved from Hennops River&quot;. News24. Retrieved 30 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Polis yiyti kadi ɓalli ɗiɗi goɗɗi, heen gooto ko polis Afrik worgo gonɗo e nokku polis Lyttleton, gooto ko siwil.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;South African authorities find the bodies of 3 missing police officers in a river&quot;. AP News. 29 April 2025. Retrieved 30 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Sibiya, Noxolo. &quot;Remains of 3 missing officers identified among 5 bodies retrieved from Hennops River&quot;. News24. Retrieved 30 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nokkuuji turism ==
Falnde maayo ko nokku ñalɗi e ñalɗi teskinɗi wonande hoɗɓe e gure saraaji ɗii. Bannge Hennops ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe ngam yahde njilluuji,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Hennops Pride Caravan Park&quot;. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; liɗɗi, kammu,[9] e piknik. Nde taƴata ko ponti ɗiɗi tokoosi, heen gooto ko to Centurion Mall, goɗɗo oo ko to Hennops Pride [1]. Ina woodi kadi nokkuuji restoraaji e laawol 4x4.[10]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Hennops''' ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude ɗi ɓuuɓnata Gauteng, to Afrik worgo. Ina waɗi ɓuuɓri mum sara Kempton Park, fuɗnaange Johannesburg, ina hawra e maayo Crocodile ko juuti hade baraas Hartbeespoort. Ko ɗum jeyi e maayooji ɓurɗi pollude e Gauteng.&lt;ref&gt;Crocodile/Marico WMA 3, dwaf.gov.za. Accessed 6 August 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Maayo Hennops fuɗɗotoo ko Terenure, to Kempton Park, ina rewa bannge worgo feewde wuro Tembisa. Ndeen nde rewi ko e Olifantsfontein, nde hawri e maayo Sesmyl ngo yaltata e baraas Rietvlei. Maayo ngoo noon ina wirna fuɗnaange-rewo ina rewa e hakkunde Centurion. Maayo ngoo ina jokki e ooɗoo bannge ina rewi e daande maayo Magaliesberg hade mum ruttaade e maayo Crocodile to bannge ñaamo mum sara baraas Hartbeespoort.

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraas Rietvlei, rokkata ndiyam wuro Tshwane, kam e baraasuuji gese keewɗi ina tawee e maayo Hennops. Lake Centurion kam e weiruuji keewɗi ina tawee e maayo ngoo.

== Cuuɗi ==
Maayo Hennops ina jeyaa e maayooji Gauteng ɓurɗi pollude. Koɗkiiji laaɓtuɗi ɗi ŋakkaani e ɗi moƴƴaani e nder Tembisa, e nder Park Ivoire, e nder Olifantsfontein e Erasmia, mbaɗti maayo ngoo ɓuuɓri udditiindi. AfriForum mooftii seedanteeje ndiyam ummoraade e maayo Hennops e fawaade e njeñtudi ndii, ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 100 mbuuɗu e mikroo-organisme kollitoowo biyeteeɗo Escherichia coli ina tawee e 100 ml ndiyam. Risk cellal ina mawni e yimɓe arooɓe e jokkondiral timmungal walla feccere e ndiyam jogiiɗam ko ɓuri 2000 koloñaal e nder 100 ml.&lt;ref&gt;Du Preez, Martella; Kühn, Anneli; Van Niekerk, Harold; Venter, S N. &quot;National Microbial Monitoring Programme for Surface Water (implementation manual)&quot; (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Retrieved 28 July 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kosam ɗam laaɓaani walla ɗam laaɓaani seeɗa ina waɗi kadi fosfaat e nitrat keewɗo, ko ɗum addanta caɗeele eutrophication e nder baraas Hartbeespoort. E hitaande 2020, fedde FRESH ONG waɗii jolɗe e nder wuro Clayville to Tembisa, yimɓe nokku oo ina ngolloo ngam ittude mborosaaji ɗi ɓooyaani moofti.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;FRESH removing plastic waste from litter traps placed on the Hennops River&quot;. China Plus South Africa. YouTube. Retrieved 6 December 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kewuuji ==
E lewru abriil 2025, konstaabeluuji tati majjuɗi njiytaa ko e maayo Hennops sara laawol N1 to Centurion.&lt;ref&gt;Singh, Orrin. &quot;Five bodies recovered from Hennops River in search for missing Free State officers&quot;. EWN. Retrieved 30 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ɓe majjii ko ina wona yontere, ɓe mbiyi ɓe ngoni ko e yahde gila Bloemfontein to Free State haa diiwaan Limpopo, ɗo ɓe ndartinaa ɗoo.&lt;ref&gt;Sibiya, Noxolo. &quot;Remains of 3 missing officers identified among 5 bodies retrieved from Hennops River&quot;. News24. Retrieved 30 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Polis yiyti kadi ɓalli ɗiɗi goɗɗi, heen gooto ko polis Afrik worgo gonɗo e nokku polis Lyttleton, gooto ko siwil.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;South African authorities find the bodies of 3 missing police officers in a river&quot;. AP News. 29 April 2025. Retrieved 30 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Sibiya, Noxolo. &quot;Remains of 3 missing officers identified among 5 bodies retrieved from Hennops River&quot;. News24. Retrieved 30 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nokkuuji turism ==
Falnde maayo ko nokku ñalɗi e ñalɗi teskinɗi wonande hoɗɓe e gure saraaji ɗii. Bannge Hennops ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe ngam yahde njilluuji,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Hennops Pride Caravan Park&quot;. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; liɗɗi, kammu,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Hennops Pride Caravan Park&quot;. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; e piknik. Nde taƴata ko ponti ɗiɗi tokoosi, heen gooto ko to Centurion Mall, goɗɗo oo ko to Hennops Pride [1]. Ina woodi kadi nokkuuji restoraaji e laawol 4x4.[10]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Hennops''' ina jeyaa e maayooji ɓurɗi mawnude ɗi ɓuuɓnata Gauteng, to Afrik worgo. Ina waɗi ɓuuɓri mum sara Kempton Park, fuɗnaange Johannesburg, ina hawra e maayo Crocodile ko juuti hade baraas Hartbeespoort. Ko ɗum jeyi e maayooji ɓurɗi pollude e Gauteng.&lt;ref&gt;Crocodile/Marico WMA 3, dwaf.gov.za. Accessed 6 August 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Maayo Hennops fuɗɗotoo ko Terenure, to Kempton Park, ina rewa bannge worgo feewde wuro Tembisa. Ndeen nde rewi ko e Olifantsfontein, nde hawri e maayo Sesmyl ngo yaltata e baraas Rietvlei. Maayo ngoo noon ina wirna fuɗnaange-rewo ina rewa e hakkunde Centurion. Maayo ngoo ina jokki e ooɗoo bannge ina rewi e daande maayo Magaliesberg hade mum ruttaade e maayo Crocodile to bannge ñaamo mum sara baraas Hartbeespoort.

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraas Rietvlei, rokkata ndiyam wuro Tshwane, kam e baraasuuji gese keewɗi ina tawee e maayo Hennops. Lake Centurion kam e weiruuji keewɗi ina tawee e maayo ngoo.

== Cuuɗi ==
Maayo Hennops ina jeyaa e maayooji Gauteng ɓurɗi pollude. Koɗkiiji laaɓtuɗi ɗi ŋakkaani e ɗi moƴƴaani e nder Tembisa, e nder Park Ivoire, e nder Olifantsfontein e Erasmia, mbaɗti maayo ngoo ɓuuɓri udditiindi. AfriForum mooftii seedanteeje ndiyam ummoraade e maayo Hennops e fawaade e njeñtudi ndii, ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 100 mbuuɗu e mikroo-organisme kollitoowo biyeteeɗo Escherichia coli ina tawee e 100 ml ndiyam. Risk cellal ina mawni e yimɓe arooɓe e jokkondiral timmungal walla feccere e ndiyam jogiiɗam ko ɓuri 2000 koloñaal e nder 100 ml.&lt;ref&gt;Du Preez, Martella; Kühn, Anneli; Van Niekerk, Harold; Venter, S N. &quot;National Microbial Monitoring Programme for Surface Water (implementation manual)&quot; (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Retrieved 28 July 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kosam ɗam laaɓaani walla ɗam laaɓaani seeɗa ina waɗi kadi fosfaat e nitrat keewɗo, ko ɗum addanta caɗeele eutrophication e nder baraas Hartbeespoort. E hitaande 2020, fedde FRESH ONG waɗii jolɗe e nder wuro Clayville to Tembisa, yimɓe nokku oo ina ngolloo ngam ittude mborosaaji ɗi ɓooyaani moofti.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;FRESH removing plastic waste from litter traps placed on the Hennops River&quot;. China Plus South Africa. YouTube. Retrieved 6 December 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kewuuji ==
E lewru abriil 2025, konstaabeluuji tati majjuɗi njiytaa ko e maayo Hennops sara laawol N1 to Centurion.&lt;ref&gt;Singh, Orrin. &quot;Five bodies recovered from Hennops River in search for missing Free State officers&quot;. EWN. Retrieved 30 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ɓe majjii ko ina wona yontere, ɓe mbiyi ɓe ngoni ko e yahde gila Bloemfontein to Free State haa diiwaan Limpopo, ɗo ɓe ndartinaa ɗoo.&lt;ref&gt;Sibiya, Noxolo. &quot;Remains of 3 missing officers identified among 5 bodies retrieved from Hennops River&quot;. News24. Retrieved 30 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Polis yiyti kadi ɓalli ɗiɗi goɗɗi, heen gooto ko polis Afrik worgo gonɗo e nokku polis Lyttleton, gooto ko siwil.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;South African authorities find the bodies of 3 missing police officers in a river&quot;. AP News. 29 April 2025. Retrieved 30 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Sibiya, Noxolo. &quot;Remains of 3 missing officers identified among 5 bodies retrieved from Hennops River&quot;. News24. Retrieved 30 April 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nokkuuji turism ==
Falnde maayo ko nokku ñalɗi e ñalɗi teskinɗi wonande hoɗɓe e gure saraaji ɗii. Bannge Hennops ko nokku keewɗo yimɓe ngam yahde njilluuji,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Hennops Pride Caravan Park&quot;. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; liɗɗi, kammu,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Hennops Pride Caravan Park&quot;. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; e piknik. Nde taƴata ko ponti ɗiɗi tokoosi, heen gooto ko to Centurion Mall, goɗɗo oo ko to Hennops Pride. Ina woodi kadi nokkuuji restoraaji e laawol 4x4.&lt;ref&gt;Hennops 4x4 trail&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>G.C. Nonyelu</title>
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      <id>174737</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-19T20:47:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MOIBARDE</username>
        <id>10068</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Databox}}'''Gilbert Chukwudike Nonyelu''' QC (1914-1972)[1] woni hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya (1960–1964) e gooto e ardinooɓe fedde awokaaji leydi Naajeeriya .[2] E hitaande 1961, Nonyelu toɗɗaa ko laamɗo leydi Nijeer. Ko o gardo ñaawoore laamu (DPP), ko kanko halfinaa sosde e yuɓɓinde ñaawoore walla salaade yahrude yeeso e ñaawoore. Ko kanko foti waɗde ñaawoore nuunɗunde fawaade e doosgal leydi.  ==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol== Nonyelu jibinaa ko to Aba,...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>174737</origin>
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      <text bytes="1874" sha1="6gmi3masqpbwrvm5hlgv97y351atcwx" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gilbert Chukwudike Nonyelu''' QC (1914-1972)[1] woni hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya (1960–1964) e gooto e ardinooɓe fedde awokaaji leydi Naajeeriya .[2] E hitaande 1961, Nonyelu toɗɗaa ko laamɗo leydi Nijeer. Ko o gardo ñaawoore laamu (DPP), ko kanko halfinaa sosde e yuɓɓinde ñaawoore walla salaade yahrude yeeso e ñaawoore. Ko kanko foti waɗde ñaawoore nuunɗunde fawaade e doosgal leydi.

==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol==
Nonyelu jibinaa ko to Aba, to diiwaan Abia. Ko kanko woni ɓiy gadano Yosiya Ezidinma (infirmiyee) e Sipora Nonyelu.

Nonyelu yahi to duɗal leslesal St Michael to Aba ɗo baawɗe makko tiiɗɗe e keertiiɗe ɗe o heɓi e jaŋde, o addani mo winnditaade to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell lollungal to Calabar. Caggal ɗuum, G.C. heɓi naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Igbobi, Lagos, o felliti jokkude golle Barrister.

O nani darnde nde'e ɗon mari haaje ngam o hebbina ko o yiɗi e o tokka koyɗe maako ngam lesdi Naajeeriya.[1]

E hitaande 1944, Nonyelu yahi Angalteer e wondude e mawɗo Obafemi Awolowo e mawɗo Akintola Williams. Nde o woni to Angalteer, Nonyelu janngi sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln’s Inn e Inns of Court e ñalnde 26 lewru Yarkomaa 1948, o noddiraa to Bar Angalteer e Wales. E hitaande 1961, Nonyelu toɗɗaa yo won awokaa laamɗo debbo. E hitaande 1964, Naajeeriya jeytaare mum itti jeytaare DPP, waɗi ɗum departemaa les njiimaandi Jaagorgal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e Jaagorgal Ñaawooje, ko ɗum woni birooji politik.[1] Nonyelu ina sikki ɗuum wonaa nafoore ngenndi ndii sabu seerndude laamu ko huunde maantiniinde e demokaraasi ndimaagu, nuunɗuɗo. O adii wiyde ɗum ina waawi addude jiiɓru, njulaagu e ŋakkeende renndo.[1] O woppi golle ngam salaade nde ngol waylo waɗaa nde tawnoo o nanaani waawde golloraade e nder sarɗiiji kesi ɗii.[3]

==Golle politik e sariya==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>174738</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-19T21:23:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MOIBARDE</username>
        <id>10068</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add links and references</comment>
      <origin>174738</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8837" sha1="bcrvutibqpw8erm9wp2m6qtw3wwqwlu" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gilbert Chukwudike Nonyelu''' QC (1914-1972)[1] woni hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] (1960–1964) e gooto e ardinooɓe fedde awokaaji leydi [[Naajeeriya]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's Legal Giant: The First Federal Director of Public Prosecutions, G.C. Nonyelu QC|publisher=Anna Stone Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9780995787605|location=England|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1961, Nonyelu toɗɗaa ko laamɗo leydi Nijeer.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nbaph.org.ng/history.php|title=Nigerian Bar Association Port Harcourt Branch}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko o gardo ñaawoore laamu (DPP), ko kanko halfinaa sosde e yuɓɓinde ñaawoore walla salaade yahrude yeeso e ñaawoore. Ko kanko foti waɗde ñaawoore nuunɗunde fawaade e doosgal leydi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's Legal Giant: The First Federal Director of Public Prosecutions, G.C. Nonyelu QC|publisher=Anna Stone Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9780995787605|location=England|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol==
Nonyelu jibinaa ko to Aba, to diiwaan Abia. Ko kanko woni ɓiy gadano Yosiya Ezidinma (infirmiyee) e Sipora Nonyelu.

Nonyelu yahi to duɗal leslesal St Michael to Aba ɗo baawɗe makko tiiɗɗe e keertiiɗe ɗe o heɓi e jaŋde, o addani mo winnditaade to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell lollungal to [[Calabar]]. Caggal ɗuum, G.C. heɓi naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Igbobi, [[Lagos]], o felliti jokkude golle ''Barrister''.

O nani darnde nde'e ɗon mari haaje ngam o hebbina ko o yiɗi e o tokka koyɗe maako ngam lesdi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's Legal Giant: The First Federal Director of Public Prosecutions, G.C. Nonyelu QC|publisher=Anna Stone Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9780995787605|location=England|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1944, Nonyelu yahi Angalteer e wondude e mawɗo [[Obafemi Awolowo]] e mawɗo Akintola Williams. Nde o woni to Angalteer, Nonyelu janngi sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln’s Inn e ''Inns of Court'' e ñalnde 26 lewru Yarkomaa 1948, o noddiraa to Bar Angalteer e Wales. E hitaande 1961, Nonyelu toɗɗaa yo won awokaa laamɗo debbo. E hitaande 1964, [[Naajeeriya]] jeytaare mum itti jeytaare DPP, waɗi ɗum departemaa les njiimaandi Jaagorgal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e Jaagorgal Ñaawooje, ko ɗum woni birooji politik.&lt;ref name=&quot;:04&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's Legal Giant: The First Federal Director of Public Prosecutions, G.C. Nonyelu QC|publisher=Anna Stone Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9780995787605|location=England|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nonyelu ina sikki ɗuum wonaa nafoore ngenndi ndii sabu seerndude laamu ko huunde maantiniinde e demokaraasi ndimaagu, nuunɗuɗo. O adii wiyde ɗum ina waawi addude jiiɓru, njulaagu e ŋakkeende renndo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:05&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's Legal Giant: The First Federal Director of Public Prosecutions, G.C. Nonyelu QC|publisher=Anna Stone Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9780995787605|location=England|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; O woppi golle ngam salaade nde ngol waylo waɗaa nde tawnoo o nanaani waawde golloraade e nder sarɗiiji kesi ɗii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Africa, political, social and cultural series|journal=Africa Research Bulletin|year=1964|volume=1|pages=32}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Golle politik e sariya==
Nonyelu sosi suudu sarɗiiji (Nwezidunma ''Chambers'') to [[Port Harcourt]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nbaph.org.ng/history.php|title=Nigerian Bar Association Port Harcourt Branch}}&lt;/ref&gt; nde o arti leydi [[Naajeeriya]] ummoraade leydi Angalteer.

E hitaande 1952, o noddaama e juuɗe mawɗo [[Obafemi Awolowo]], hooreejo fedde Action, ngam wonde jaagorgal sariya wonande fedde makko. O golliima e ngal ɗoon darnde e nder batu daartol ko fayti e doosɗe leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] waɗnoo to No 10 Carlton ''House Terrence'' [[London]] e hitaande 1953.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1953/jul/27/nigeria-constitution-london-conference|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]|date=27 July 1953|title=Hansard UK parliament record}}&lt;/ref&gt; Faandaare mawnde kawral ngal no hooreejo leydi ndi, hono Mr Oliver Lyttleton, holliri, ko naamnal laamu hoore mum leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1953/jul/27/nigeria-constitution-london-conference|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]|date=27 July 1953|title=Hansard UK parliament record}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Caggal batu 1953 to Londres e caggal peeje keewɗe, Nijeer heɓi ndimaagu mum ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1960 (duuɓi nay caggal hitaande 1956 nde ɓe ciifi e fuɗɗoode). Ndeen Nonyelu waɗaama gardiiɗo ñaawirdu renndo gadano e nder fedde leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Africa, political, social and cultural series|journal=Africa Research Bulletin|year=1964|volume=1|pages=32}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|journal=The Nigerian Bar Journal|volume=16|pages=115}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:06&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's Legal Giant: The First Federal Director of Public Prosecutions, G.C. Nonyelu QC|publisher=Anna Stone Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9780995787605|location=England|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Darnde makko ɓuri wonde ko sosde e yuɓɓinde ñaawoore, wallitde e wiɗtooji e naamne, rokkude wasiyaaji wiɗtooɓe walla addude haala e joofnirde. DPP yiytaa ko no jaagorde nde faandaare mum woni ko ñaawoore nuunɗunde e tabitinde goonga. E hitaande 1964, G.C. woppii darnde DPP nde tawnoo o miijii wonde darnde ndee huutoraaki faandaare nde o jaɓnoo e fuɗɗoode ndee. O miijii wonde waylo ngo laamu nguu suɓii waɗde ngoo, ina usta njiimaandi sariya nde tawnoo ina addana politik naatde e njuɓɓudi ñaawoore.&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Africa, political, social and cultural series|journal=Africa Research Bulletin|year=1964|volume=1|pages=32}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jaaynde Bar ''Journal Nigerian'' 1980 hollitii wonde o woppi laamu ko ngam salaade politikaaji keewɗi (ina heen mawɗo [[Obafemi Awolowo]]) nanngaaɓe e tuumeede janfa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|journal=The Nigerian Bar Journal|volume=16|pages=115}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caggal nde o woppi golle, o etiima jogaade lowre, o waɗta hakkille makko e golle makko hono ''Barrister''. O sankii ko e hitaande 1972 ko duuɓi ɗiɗi tan caggal nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele joofi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:07&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's Legal Giant: The First Federal Director of Public Prosecutions, G.C. Nonyelu QC|publisher=Anna Stone Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9780995787605|location=England|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nonyelu golliima e ñaawoore warngooji baɗnooɗi to Enugu (Falnde Iva) e bannge H.U Kaine, Rotimi Williams, H.O. Davies, Jaja Nwachukwu, M.O Ajegbo, G.C. Nkemena, C.D. Onyeama, G.C.M. Onyiuke, e M. Ogo Ibeziako. Semmbe G.C ɗon yaaji haa diiwal Fuunaange nde o sosi suudu deerɗiraawo haa [[Lagos]].

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==
Nonyelu resii Emily (Emilia) Aguta, debbo infirmiyee mo fedde misiyoŋaaji kerecee en (CMS) janngini. Emily ko jeyaaɗo Mbieri, diiwaan Imo, taaniiko mawɗo Ibraahiima Aguta, laamɗo aadaaji Ubaku Mbieri to Ikeduru, diiwaan Imo. Nonyelu ina joginoo ɓiɓɓe njoyo, sukaaɓe rewɓe tato e sukaaɓe worɓe ɗiɗo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:08&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's Legal Giant: The First Federal Director of Public Prosecutions, G.C. Nonyelu QC|publisher=Anna Stone Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9780995787605|location=England|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Filantropi ===
Nonyelu e debbo mum cosi Iruka ''Clinic'' ko kañum toppitii toppitagol ko adii e caggal jibineede. G.C. kadi o wallitii e ɓamtaare feccere Fuɗnaange leydi [[Naajeeriya]] e jannginde e jannginde yoga e sukaaɓe nokku oo, o rokki kaɓirɗe jimɗi e ekkolaaji, teeŋti noon e Egliis St Peter to Port Harcourt e rokkude wasiyaaji sariyaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi wonande ɓeen ɓe mbaawaano yoɓde njoɓdi sariyaaji makko.

== Njeenaaje ==
E hitaande 2017, ballal G.C e darnde mum mawnde ngam ɓamtaare Amawbia e [[Naajeeriya]], anndiraama (caggal maayde) e fedde wuro Amawbia to [[Diiwal Aanambaara|diiwaan Anambra]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:09&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's Legal Giant: The First Federal Director of Public Prosecutions, G.C. Nonyelu QC|publisher=Anna Stone Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9780995787605|location=England|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ñalnde 9 marse 2022, guwerneer [[Diiwal Anambra|diiwaan Anambra]], mawɗo leydi ndii, hono [[Willie obiano|Willie Obiano]], anndini Nonyelu (caggal maayde mum) e rokki galle Nonyelu njeenaari ngam teddinde G.C.

== Wade ==
Nonyelu maayi ko e hitaande 1972, duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Najeriya. O wirnaa ko e nder galle Nonyelu to Amawbia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:010&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's Legal Giant: The First Federal Director of Public Prosecutions, G.C. Nonyelu QC|publisher=Anna Stone Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9780995787605|location=England|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-19T21:24:41Z</timestamp>
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        <username>MOIBARDE</username>
        <id>10068</id>
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      <comment>i add category</comment>
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      <text bytes="8891" sha1="d5c6bziqxtef4cjy3hgh5te0n33dn33" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Gilbert Chukwudike Nonyelu''' QC (1914-1972)[1] woni hooreejo leydi [[Naajeeriya]] (1960–1964) e gooto e ardinooɓe fedde awokaaji leydi [[Naajeeriya]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's Legal Giant: The First Federal Director of Public Prosecutions, G.C. Nonyelu QC|publisher=Anna Stone Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9780995787605|location=England|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; E hitaande 1961, Nonyelu toɗɗaa ko laamɗo leydi Nijeer.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nbaph.org.ng/history.php|title=Nigerian Bar Association Port Harcourt Branch}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko o gardo ñaawoore laamu (DPP), ko kanko halfinaa sosde e yuɓɓinde ñaawoore walla salaade yahrude yeeso e ñaawoore. Ko kanko foti waɗde ñaawoore nuunɗunde fawaade e doosgal leydi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's Legal Giant: The First Federal Director of Public Prosecutions, G.C. Nonyelu QC|publisher=Anna Stone Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9780995787605|location=England|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol==
Nonyelu jibinaa ko to Aba, to diiwaan Abia. Ko kanko woni ɓiy gadano Yosiya Ezidinma (infirmiyee) e Sipora Nonyelu.

Nonyelu yahi to duɗal leslesal St Michael to Aba ɗo baawɗe makko tiiɗɗe e keertiiɗe ɗe o heɓi e jaŋde, o addani mo winnditaade to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Hope Waddell lollungal to [[Calabar]]. Caggal ɗuum, G.C. heɓi naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Igbobi, [[Lagos]], o felliti jokkude golle ''Barrister''.

O nani darnde nde'e ɗon mari haaje ngam o hebbina ko o yiɗi e o tokka koyɗe maako ngam lesdi [[Naajeeriya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's Legal Giant: The First Federal Director of Public Prosecutions, G.C. Nonyelu QC|publisher=Anna Stone Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9780995787605|location=England|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E hitaande 1944, Nonyelu yahi Angalteer e wondude e mawɗo [[Obafemi Awolowo]] e mawɗo Akintola Williams. Nde o woni to Angalteer, Nonyelu janngi sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Lincoln’s Inn e ''Inns of Court'' e ñalnde 26 lewru Yarkomaa 1948, o noddiraa to Bar Angalteer e Wales. E hitaande 1961, Nonyelu toɗɗaa yo won awokaa laamɗo debbo. E hitaande 1964, [[Naajeeriya]] jeytaare mum itti jeytaare DPP, waɗi ɗum departemaa les njiimaandi Jaagorgal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e Jaagorgal Ñaawooje, ko ɗum woni birooji politik.&lt;ref name=&quot;:04&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's Legal Giant: The First Federal Director of Public Prosecutions, G.C. Nonyelu QC|publisher=Anna Stone Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9780995787605|location=England|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nonyelu ina sikki ɗuum wonaa nafoore ngenndi ndii sabu seerndude laamu ko huunde maantiniinde e demokaraasi ndimaagu, nuunɗuɗo. O adii wiyde ɗum ina waawi addude jiiɓru, njulaagu e ŋakkeende renndo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:05&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's Legal Giant: The First Federal Director of Public Prosecutions, G.C. Nonyelu QC|publisher=Anna Stone Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9780995787605|location=England|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; O woppi golle ngam salaade nde ngol waylo waɗaa nde tawnoo o nanaani waawde golloraade e nder sarɗiiji kesi ɗii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Africa, political, social and cultural series|journal=Africa Research Bulletin|year=1964|volume=1|pages=32}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Golle politik e sariya==
Nonyelu sosi suudu sarɗiiji (Nwezidunma ''Chambers'') to [[Port Harcourt]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nbaph.org.ng/history.php|title=Nigerian Bar Association Port Harcourt Branch}}&lt;/ref&gt; nde o arti leydi [[Naajeeriya]] ummoraade leydi Angalteer.

E hitaande 1952, o noddaama e juuɗe mawɗo [[Obafemi Awolowo]], hooreejo fedde Action, ngam wonde jaagorgal sariya wonande fedde makko. O golliima e ngal ɗoon darnde e nder batu daartol ko fayti e doosɗe leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] waɗnoo to No 10 Carlton ''House Terrence'' [[London]] e hitaande 1953.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1953/jul/27/nigeria-constitution-london-conference|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]|date=27 July 1953|title=Hansard UK parliament record}}&lt;/ref&gt; Faandaare mawnde kawral ngal no hooreejo leydi ndi, hono Mr Oliver Lyttleton, holliri, ko naamnal laamu hoore mum leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1953/jul/27/nigeria-constitution-london-conference|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]|date=27 July 1953|title=Hansard UK parliament record}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Caggal batu 1953 to Londres e caggal peeje keewɗe, Nijeer heɓi ndimaagu mum ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1960 (duuɓi nay caggal hitaande 1956 nde ɓe ciifi e fuɗɗoode). Ndeen Nonyelu waɗaama gardiiɗo ñaawirdu renndo gadano e nder fedde leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Africa, political, social and cultural series|journal=Africa Research Bulletin|year=1964|volume=1|pages=32}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|journal=The Nigerian Bar Journal|volume=16|pages=115}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:06&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's Legal Giant: The First Federal Director of Public Prosecutions, G.C. Nonyelu QC|publisher=Anna Stone Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9780995787605|location=England|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Darnde makko ɓuri wonde ko sosde e yuɓɓinde ñaawoore, wallitde e wiɗtooji e naamne, rokkude wasiyaaji wiɗtooɓe walla addude haala e joofnirde. DPP yiytaa ko no jaagorde nde faandaare mum woni ko ñaawoore nuunɗunde e tabitinde goonga. E hitaande 1964, G.C. woppii darnde DPP nde tawnoo o miijii wonde darnde ndee huutoraaki faandaare nde o jaɓnoo e fuɗɗoode ndee. O miijii wonde waylo ngo laamu nguu suɓii waɗde ngoo, ina usta njiimaandi sariya nde tawnoo ina addana politik naatde e njuɓɓudi ñaawoore.&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Africa, political, social and cultural series|journal=Africa Research Bulletin|year=1964|volume=1|pages=32}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jaaynde Bar ''Journal Nigerian'' 1980 hollitii wonde o woppi laamu ko ngam salaade politikaaji keewɗi (ina heen mawɗo [[Obafemi Awolowo]]) nanngaaɓe e tuumeede janfa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|journal=The Nigerian Bar Journal|volume=16|pages=115}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caggal nde o woppi golle, o etiima jogaade lowre, o waɗta hakkille makko e golle makko hono ''Barrister''. O sankii ko e hitaande 1972 ko duuɓi ɗiɗi tan caggal nde wolde hakkunde leyɗeele joofi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:07&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's Legal Giant: The First Federal Director of Public Prosecutions, G.C. Nonyelu QC|publisher=Anna Stone Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9780995787605|location=England|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nonyelu golliima e ñaawoore warngooji baɗnooɗi to Enugu (Falnde Iva) e bannge H.U Kaine, Rotimi Williams, H.O. Davies, Jaja Nwachukwu, M.O Ajegbo, G.C. Nkemena, C.D. Onyeama, G.C.M. Onyiuke, e M. Ogo Ibeziako. Semmbe G.C ɗon yaaji haa diiwal Fuunaange nde o sosi suudu deerɗiraawo haa [[Lagos]].

== Nguurndam neɗɗo ==
Nonyelu resii Emily (Emilia) Aguta, debbo infirmiyee mo fedde misiyoŋaaji kerecee en (CMS) janngini. Emily ko jeyaaɗo Mbieri, diiwaan Imo, taaniiko mawɗo Ibraahiima Aguta, laamɗo aadaaji Ubaku Mbieri to Ikeduru, diiwaan Imo. Nonyelu ina joginoo ɓiɓɓe njoyo, sukaaɓe rewɓe tato e sukaaɓe worɓe ɗiɗo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:08&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's Legal Giant: The First Federal Director of Public Prosecutions, G.C. Nonyelu QC|publisher=Anna Stone Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9780995787605|location=England|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Filantropi ===
Nonyelu e debbo mum cosi Iruka ''Clinic'' ko kañum toppitii toppitagol ko adii e caggal jibineede. G.C. kadi o wallitii e ɓamtaare feccere Fuɗnaange leydi [[Naajeeriya]] e jannginde e jannginde yoga e sukaaɓe nokku oo, o rokki kaɓirɗe jimɗi e ekkolaaji, teeŋti noon e Egliis St Peter to Port Harcourt e rokkude wasiyaaji sariyaaji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi wonande ɓeen ɓe mbaawaano yoɓde njoɓdi sariyaaji makko.

== Njeenaaje ==
E hitaande 2017, ballal G.C e darnde mum mawnde ngam ɓamtaare Amawbia e [[Naajeeriya]], anndiraama (caggal maayde) e fedde wuro Amawbia to [[Diiwal Aanambaara|diiwaan Anambra]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:09&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's Legal Giant: The First Federal Director of Public Prosecutions, G.C. Nonyelu QC|publisher=Anna Stone Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9780995787605|location=England|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ñalnde 9 marse 2022, guwerneer [[Diiwal Anambra|diiwaan Anambra]], mawɗo leydi ndii, hono [[Willie obiano|Willie Obiano]], anndini Nonyelu (caggal maayde mum) e rokki galle Nonyelu njeenaari ngam teddinde G.C.

== Wade ==
Nonyelu maayi ko e hitaande 1972, duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal wolde hakkunde leyɗeele [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. O wirnaa ko e nder galle Nonyelu to Amawbia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:010&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Nigeria's Legal Giant: The First Federal Director of Public Prosecutions, G.C. Nonyelu QC|publisher=Anna Stone Publishing|year=2017|isbn=9780995787605|location=England|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Naajeeriya]]</text>
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      <comment>#1Lib1Ref</comment>
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      <text bytes="2575" sha1="9nyt8jol0t7q7j1m0jh60pmv81tbykh" xml:space="preserve">Hafsat Abdullahi Ganduje (anndiraaɗo Gwaggo; jibinaa ko ñalnde 28 lewru Duujal hitaande 1960) ko jannginoowo, dawriyanke, tergal fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ƴellitaare (APC).

Nguurndam gadano
Hafsat Ganduje jibinaa ko to diiwaan Kano. O janngii duɗal leslesal Malam Madori, duɗal leslesal Shekara Boarding, e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe rewɓe. O heɓi bakkaa makko e jaŋde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero e hitaande 1981, o yahi haa o heɓi Master makko e jaŋde hakkille e hitaande 1992 e Master makko e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hitaande 2004, o heɓi Doktoraa makko e filosofi e njuɓɓudi e peewnugol e hitaande 2015.

Kugal
Ganduje fuɗɗii golle mum ko jannginoowo, caggal ɗuum o wonti hooreejo duɗal. O jannginii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero. O artiraa ko e hitaande 2019 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Maryam Abacha to Niiseer.

O wonii fedde nde e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 2019 o hokkaama njeenaari mawndi Matron ndi fedde Naajeeriya ngam hukuumaaji e taskaramji hokki mo.

Laamɗo gadano
Ganduje resi guwerneer lesdi Kano Abdullahi Umar Ganduje.Koo ngam walaa biro debbo arandeejo, o ɗon waɗa kampaañ dow innde maako nden o ɗon sosda kampaañji ngam semmbiɗinki rewɓe ko laarani hokkugo kuuje janngirde, masiŋaaji sewnde, e dokkalji filu pamari.

Daily Trust hollitii wonde Ganduje ina haala wonde ina jogori huutoraade guwerneer oo ko feewti e toɗɗagol politik, e rokkude konte, e geɗe laamu goɗɗe. Ina wiyee kadi ko kanko woni caggal ko ɓuri heewde e toɗɗagol e waylude kabine gila 2015.

E nder ciimtol ngol Legit.ng yaltini, guwerneer Ganduje jaɓaani haalaaji ɗi mbiyata ko debbo makko ina jokkondiri e golle laamu makko.

Tuumeede fenaande
Hono no gorko makko nii, Ganduje ina wondi e tuumeede fenaande, teeŋti noon e ciimtol EFCC ngol ɓiyiiko biyeteeɗo Abdulazeez Ganduje waɗi, ko fayti e naatgol Hafsat e fenaande e fenaande leydi. E wiyde jaaynde Premium Times, Abdulazeez heɓiino njoɓdi e juuɗe jom jawdi en ngam rokkude leydi ; Abdulazeez wi'i o hokki ceede ɗen haa yumma maako amma lesdi man ɓaawo man soodaama haa developer'en feere-feere. Caggal nde developer asliijo oo naamndii kaalis oo, Abdulazeez yahi to Komiseer toppitiiɗo ko fayti e bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis ngam humpitaade haala kaa hade mum wiyde ina doga caggal leydi e EFCC caggal ɗuum o noddi Hafsat ngam yeewtidde e makko e lewru suwee 2021. Hafsat teddinaani noddaango ngo, e EFCC ta021 to Galle EFCC.

Ƴeew kadi
Doggol rewɓe arandeeji e nder diiwanuuji Naajeeriya
Tuugnorgal</text>
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      <text bytes="2586" sha1="ki7kd79eujuaxzmyq1suqn3v0mgrd7z" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Hafsat Abdullahi Ganduje (anndiraaɗo Gwaggo; jibinaa ko ñalnde 28 lewru Duujal hitaande 1960) ko jannginoowo, dawriyanke, tergal fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ƴellitaare (APC).

Nguurndam gadano
Hafsat Ganduje jibinaa ko to diiwaan Kano. O janngii duɗal leslesal Malam Madori, duɗal leslesal Shekara Boarding, e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe rewɓe. O heɓi bakkaa makko e jaŋde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero e hitaande 1981, o yahi haa o heɓi Master makko e jaŋde hakkille e hitaande 1992 e Master makko e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hitaande 2004, o heɓi Doktoraa makko e filosofi e njuɓɓudi e peewnugol e hitaande 2015.

Kugal
Ganduje fuɗɗii golle mum ko jannginoowo, caggal ɗuum o wonti hooreejo duɗal. O jannginii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero. O artiraa ko e hitaande 2019 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Maryam Abacha to Niiseer.

O wonii fedde nde e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 2019 o hokkaama njeenaari mawndi Matron ndi fedde Naajeeriya ngam hukuumaaji e taskaramji hokki mo.

Laamɗo gadano
Ganduje resi guwerneer lesdi Kano Abdullahi Umar Ganduje.Koo ngam walaa biro debbo arandeejo, o ɗon waɗa kampaañ dow innde maako nden o ɗon sosda kampaañji ngam semmbiɗinki rewɓe ko laarani hokkugo kuuje janngirde, masiŋaaji sewnde, e dokkalji filu pamari.

Daily Trust hollitii wonde Ganduje ina haala wonde ina jogori huutoraade guwerneer oo ko feewti e toɗɗagol politik, e rokkude konte, e geɗe laamu goɗɗe. Ina wiyee kadi ko kanko woni caggal ko ɓuri heewde e toɗɗagol e waylude kabine gila 2015.

E nder ciimtol ngol Legit.ng yaltini, guwerneer Ganduje jaɓaani haalaaji ɗi mbiyata ko debbo makko ina jokkondiri e golle laamu makko.

Tuumeede fenaande
Hono no gorko makko nii, Ganduje ina wondi e tuumeede fenaande, teeŋti noon e ciimtol EFCC ngol ɓiyiiko biyeteeɗo Abdulazeez Ganduje waɗi, ko fayti e naatgol Hafsat e fenaande e fenaande leydi. E wiyde jaaynde Premium Times, Abdulazeez heɓiino njoɓdi e juuɗe jom jawdi en ngam rokkude leydi ; Abdulazeez wi'i o hokki ceede ɗen haa yumma maako amma lesdi man ɓaawo man soodaama haa developer'en feere-feere. Caggal nde developer asliijo oo naamndii kaalis oo, Abdulazeez yahi to Komiseer toppitiiɗo ko fayti e bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis ngam humpitaade haala kaa hade mum wiyde ina doga caggal leydi e EFCC caggal ɗuum o noddi Hafsat ngam yeewtidde e makko e lewru suwee 2021. Hafsat teddinaani noddaango ngo, e EFCC ta021 to Galle EFCC.

Ƴeew kadi
Doggol rewɓe arandeeji e nder diiwanuuji Naajeeriya
Tuugnorgal</text>
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      <text bytes="2612" sha1="fipdrpkb3d8daoifwf9w81gn028m49j" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Hafsat Abdullahi Ganduje''' (anndiraaɗo Gwaggo; jibinaa ko ñalnde 28 lewru Duujal hitaande 1960) ko jannginoowo, dawriyanke, tergal fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ƴellitaare (APC).

== Nguurndam gadano ==
Hafsat Ganduje jibinaa ko to diiwaan Kano. O janngii duɗal leslesal Malam Madori, duɗal leslesal Shekara Boarding, e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe rewɓe. O heɓi bakkaa makko e jaŋde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero e hitaande 1981, o yahi haa o heɓi Master makko e jaŋde hakkille e hitaande 1992 e Master makko e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hitaande 2004, o heɓi Doktoraa makko e filosofi e njuɓɓudi e peewnugol e hitaande 2015.

== Kugal ==
Ganduje fuɗɗii golle mum ko jannginoowo, caggal ɗuum o wonti hooreejo duɗal. O jannginii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero. O artiraa ko e hitaande 2019 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Maryam Abacha to Niiseer.

O wonii fedde nde e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 2019 o hokkaama njeenaari mawndi Matron ndi fedde Naajeeriya ngam hukuumaaji e taskaramji hokki mo.

Laamɗo gadano
Ganduje resi guwerneer lesdi Kano Abdullahi Umar Ganduje.Koo ngam walaa biro debbo arandeejo, o ɗon waɗa kampaañ dow innde maako nden o ɗon sosda kampaañji ngam semmbiɗinki rewɓe ko laarani hokkugo kuuje janngirde, masiŋaaji sewnde, e dokkalji filu pamari.

Daily Trust hollitii wonde Ganduje ina haala wonde ina jogori huutoraade guwerneer oo ko feewti e toɗɗagol politik, e rokkude konte, e geɗe laamu goɗɗe. Ina wiyee kadi ko kanko woni caggal ko ɓuri heewde e toɗɗagol e waylude kabine gila 2015.

E nder ciimtol ngol Legit.ng yaltini, guwerneer Ganduje jaɓaani haalaaji ɗi mbiyata ko debbo makko ina jokkondiri e golle laamu makko.

== Tuumeede fenaande ==
Hono no gorko makko nii, Ganduje ina wondi e tuumeede fenaande, teeŋti noon e ciimtol EFCC ngol ɓiyiiko biyeteeɗo Abdulazeez Ganduje waɗi, ko fayti e naatgol Hafsat e fenaande e fenaande leydi. E wiyde jaaynde Premium Times, Abdulazeez heɓiino njoɓdi e juuɗe jom jawdi en ngam rokkude leydi ; Abdulazeez wi'i o hokki ceede ɗen haa yumma maako amma lesdi man ɓaawo man soodaama haa developer'en feere-feere. Caggal nde developer asliijo oo naamndii kaalis oo, Abdulazeez yahi to Komiseer toppitiiɗo ko fayti e bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis ngam humpitaade haala kaa hade mum wiyde ina doga caggal leydi e EFCC caggal ɗuum o noddi Hafsat ngam yeewtidde e makko e lewru suwee 2021. Hafsat teddinaani noddaango ngo, e EFCC ta021 to Galle EFCC.

Ƴeew kadi

Doggol rewɓe arandeeji e nder diiwanuuji Naajeeriya

Tuugnorgal</text>
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      <text bytes="2623" sha1="28706lc81tjy7krra7j55t3b2npkx48" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Hafsat Abdullahi Ganduje''' (anndiraaɗo Gwaggo; jibinaa ko ñalnde 28 lewru Duujal hitaande 1960) ko jannginoowo, dawriyanke, tergal fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e ƴellitaare (APC).

== Nguurndam gadano ==
Hafsat Ganduje jibinaa ko to diiwaan Kano. O janngii duɗal leslesal Malam Madori, duɗal leslesal Shekara Boarding, e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe rewɓe. O heɓi bakkaa makko e jaŋde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero e hitaande 1981, o yahi haa o heɓi Master makko e jaŋde hakkille e hitaande 1992 e Master makko e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hitaande 2004, o heɓi Doktoraa makko e filosofi e njuɓɓudi e peewnugol e hitaande 2015.

== Kugal ==
Ganduje fuɗɗii golle mum ko jannginoowo, caggal ɗuum o wonti hooreejo duɗal. O jannginii to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero. O artiraa ko e hitaande 2019 to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Maryam Abacha to Niiseer.

O wonii fedde nde e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde leydi Najeriya. E hitaande 2019 o hokkaama njeenaari mawndi Matron ndi fedde Naajeeriya ngam hukuumaaji e taskaramji hokki mo.

Laamɗo gadano
Ganduje resi guwerneer lesdi Kano Abdullahi Umar Ganduje.Koo ngam walaa biro debbo arandeejo, o ɗon waɗa kampaañ dow innde maako nden o ɗon sosda kampaañji ngam semmbiɗinki rewɓe ko laarani hokkugo kuuje janngirde, masiŋaaji sewnde, e dokkalji filu pamari.

Daily Trust hollitii wonde Ganduje ina haala wonde ina jogori huutoraade guwerneer oo ko feewti e toɗɗagol politik, e rokkude konte, e geɗe laamu goɗɗe. Ina wiyee kadi ko kanko woni caggal ko ɓuri heewde e toɗɗagol e waylude kabine gila 2015.

E nder ciimtol ngol Legit.ng yaltini, guwerneer Ganduje jaɓaani haalaaji ɗi mbiyata ko debbo makko ina jokkondiri e golle laamu makko.

== Tuumeede fenaande ==
Hono no gorko makko nii, Ganduje ina wondi e tuumeede fenaande, teeŋti noon e ciimtol EFCC ngol ɓiyiiko biyeteeɗo Abdulazeez Ganduje waɗi, ko fayti e naatgol Hafsat e fenaande e fenaande leydi. E wiyde jaaynde Premium Times, Abdulazeez heɓiino njoɓdi e juuɗe jom jawdi en ngam rokkude leydi ; Abdulazeez wi'i o hokki ceede ɗen haa yumma maako amma lesdi man ɓaawo man soodaama haa developer'en feere-feere. Caggal nde developer asliijo oo naamndii kaalis oo, Abdulazeez yahi to Komiseer toppitiiɗo ko fayti e bonanndeeji faggudu e kaalis ngam humpitaade haala kaa hade mum wiyde ina doga caggal leydi e EFCC caggal ɗuum o noddi Hafsat ngam yeewtidde e makko e lewru suwee 2021. Hafsat teddinaani noddaango ngo, e EFCC ta021 to Galle EFCC.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggol rewɓe arandeeji e nder diiwanuuji Naajeeriya

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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Databox}}Mawɗo '''Arthur Edward Perst''' (10 feebariyee 1906 – 26 suwee 1976) ko politikaajo Naajeeriya mo ndonu leƴƴi ɗiɗi ummoriiɗo e diiwaan Warri to fuɗnaange Naajeeriya.  ==Ngendam== Perst jibinaa ko e lewru feebariyee 1906, baaba mum ko Engeleejo daneejo ummoriiɗo Liverpool, ko kapiteen laana ndiwoowa, ko njulaagu njulaagu, e yumma mum ko laamɗo Itsekiri, laamɗo Najeriya, laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mami Ogbe, ko ɓiy Olu mo Warri. E hitaande 1946, Perst...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2931" sha1="2vqephecnm6e2971vkaj2yexom53y3w" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Mawɗo '''Arthur Edward Perst''' (10 feebariyee 1906 – 26 suwee 1976) ko politikaajo Naajeeriya mo ndonu leƴƴi ɗiɗi ummoriiɗo e diiwaan Warri to fuɗnaange Naajeeriya.

==Ngendam==
Perst jibinaa ko e lewru feebariyee 1906, baaba mum ko Engeleejo daneejo ummoriiɗo Liverpool, ko kapiteen laana ndiwoowa, ko njulaagu njulaagu, e yumma mum ko laamɗo Itsekiri, laamɗo Najeriya, laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mami Ogbe, ko ɓiy Olu mo Warri. E hitaande 1946, Perst rokkaama tiitoonde laamɗo Olorogun Warri, ko Olu Warri, banndiiko.

Perst ko ofisee e nder polis Naajeeriya, kadi ko kanko woni ofisee gadano e nder leydi Naajeeriya. O janngi sariya haa lesdi Angalteer, o winnditi haa suudu kiita mawndu lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1947, ko adi o suɓaama ngam o laato wakiiliijo diiwal Warri haa suudu joonde diidaaɗi hirnaange.[1] Caggal ɗuum o wonti Ñaawirde Toownde to diiwaan hakkundeejo hirnaange e oon sahaa.

E hitaande 1950 Perst e Antoni Enahoro cosi lannda hakkundeejo hirnaange. Enahoro fuɗɗiima jaaynde Mid-West Press, o yaltinii jaaynde Naajeeriya gila 1950 haa 1953. E hitaande 1951, lannda Mid-West naati e fedde Action Group.[2]

Perst ɓaawo man laati ministaajo diiwal haa Ibadan, nden o laati cukko hooreejo Obafemi Awolowo. Yanti heen, o toɗɗaama jaagorgal jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele e hitaande 1952. Prest, Awolowo, Sir Ahmadu Bello, Anthony Enahoro e woɗɓe kaɓaama ngam heɓde ndimaagu leydi Najeriya, ɓe tawtoraama jeewte Lancaster House ɗe kaaldi ngam heɓde ndimaagu leydi Najeriya. O ummii e fedde Action Group e hitaande 1957. Caggal ɗuum, Perst wonti Komisinaajo mawɗo fedde Najeriya to leydi Angalteer.

E hitaande 1971, Perst naati e ñaawoore mawnde. O luulndii Itsekiri Communal Lands Trust yiɗde huutoraade hakkeeji jom en jawɗeele en mbiyateeɗi Olu Warri dow leyɗeele to Warri. Hakkeeji jeyi leydi ina ndokka amaana oo jeyi leydi ndii fof, tawa ina jeyaa heen jeyi leydi ndi jeyi leydi. Kono tan, hoolaare leyɗeele renndo ndee dañii ñaawoore ndee.[3]


Arthur Perst e laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II e laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Filip
Perst ina joginoo nguurndam galle keewɗam, keewɗam. O dañi ɓiɓɓe ɗuuɗɓe, ɓurɓe anndugo woni ɓiyiiko arandeejo mawɗo Michael Godwin Prest, mo laati awokaajo, siyaasaaku e hooreejo kuuɗe hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya Shehu Shagari nder hitaande 1979. Mawɗo Michael Perst dañi ɓiɓɓe 4. Ɓiɗɗo makko mawɗo e taaniiko debbo biyeteeɗo Arthur Perst ko Helen Prest-Ajayi, gonnooɗo Miss Nijeer e hitaande 1979, awokaa, binndoowo e daraniiɗo jaŋde. Ɓiyiiko gorko e taaniiko Arthur Prest, Michael J. Perst woni njulaagu petroŋ gadano e nder leydi Najeriya, jom jawdi petroŋ e balloowo yimɓe.[4] Ko kanko woni mahoowo ñaawoore sariya sosiyetee Perst v Petrodel Resources Ltd nde janngaa e duɗe sariya, nde siifi no sariya sosiyetee yahrata.

Mawɗo Artur Perst maayi ko e hitaande 1976.

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      <text bytes="4219" sha1="6051lw4y7tjxhky3bju3e1n2f168wsa" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Mawɗo '''Arthur Edward Perst''' (10 feebariyee 1906 – 26 suwee 1976) ko politikaajo [[Naajeeriya]] mo ndonu leƴƴi ɗiɗi ummoriiɗo e diiwaan Warri to fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]].
[[File:Arthur Prest at institute.jpg|thumb|To duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Commonwealth e Mr. Kenneth Bradley, C. M. G., (caka) hooreejo duɗal ngal, e mawɗo Arthur Perst (nyaamo), gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Naajeeriya]]

==Ngendam==
Perst jibinaa ko e [[lewru]] feebariyee 1906, baaba mum ko Engeleejo daneejo ummoriiɗo [[Liverpool]], ko kapiteen laana ndiwoowa, ko njulaagu njulaagu, e yumma mum ko laamɗo Itsekiri, laamɗo [[Najeriya]], laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mami Ogbe, ko ɓiy Olu mo Warri. E hitaande 1946, Perst rokkaama tiitoonde laamɗo Olorogun Warri, ko Olu Warri, banndiiko.

Perst ko ofisee e nder polis [[Naajeeriya]], kadi ko kanko woni ofisee gadano e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya]]. O janngi sariya haa lesdi Angalteer, o winnditi haa suudu kiita mawndu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nder hitaande 1947, ko adi o suɓaama ngam o laato wakiiliijo diiwal Warri haa suudu joonde diidaaɗi hirnaange.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Cohen|first1=Abner|title=Urban Ethnicity|publisher=Routledge, 2004|isbn=0-415-32982-5|page=302}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caggal ɗuum o wonti Ñaawirde Toownde to diiwaan hakkundeejo hirnaange e oon sahaa.

E hitaande 1950 Perst e [[Anthony Enahoro|Antoni Enahoro]] cosi lannda hakkundeejo hirnaange. Enahoro fuɗɗiima jaaynde ''Mid-West Press'', o yaltinii jaaynde [[Naajeeriya]] gila 1950 haa 1953. E hitaande 1951, lannda ''Mid-West'' naati e fedde ''Action Group''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jr.Akyeampong2012&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Gates, Akyeampong, &amp; Niven|title=Dictionary of African Biography|date=2 February 2012|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA302|accessdate=2 February 2012|publisher=OUP USA|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|page=302}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Perst ɓaawo man laati ministaajo diiwal haa [[Ibadan]], nden o laati cukko hooreejo [[Obafemi Awolowo]]. Yanti heen, o toɗɗaama jaagorgal jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele e hitaande 1952. Prest, Awolowo, ''Sir'' [[Ahmadu Bello]], [[Anthony Enahoro]] e woɗɓe kaɓaama ngam heɓde ndimaagu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ɓe tawtoraama jeewte Lancaster House ɗe kaaldi ngam heɓde ndimaagu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. O ummii e fedde Action Group e hitaande 1957. Caggal ɗuum, Perst wonti Komisinaajo mawɗo fedde [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] to leydi Angalteer.

E hitaande 1971, Perst naati e ñaawoore mawnde. O luulndii Itsekiri ''Communal Lands Trust'' yiɗde huutoraade hakkeeji jom en jawɗeele en mbiyateeɗi Olu Warri dow leyɗeele to Warri. Hakkeeji jeyi leydi ina ndokka amaana oo jeyi leydi ndii fof, tawa ina jeyaa heen jeyi leydi ndi jeyi leydi. Kono tan, hoolaare leyɗeele renndo ndee dañii ñaawoore ndee.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Ekeh|first1=Peter Palmer|title=Warri City and British Colonial Rule in Western Niger Delta'|publisher=Urhobo Historical Society. 2005|isbn=978-064-924-7|page=290}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Arthur Prest with Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip.jpg|thumb|Arthur Perst e laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II e laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Filip]]


Perst ina joginoo nguurndam galle keewɗam, keewɗam. O dañi ɓiɓɓe ɗuuɗɓe, ɓurɓe anndugo woni ɓiyiiko arandeejo mawɗo Michael Godwin Prest, mo laati awokaajo, siyaasaaku e hooreejo kuuɗe hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] [[Shehu Shagari]] nder hitaande 1979. Mawɗo Michael Perst dañi ɓiɓɓe 4. Ɓiɗɗo makko mawɗo e taaniiko debbo biyeteeɗo Arthur Perst ko Helen Prest-Ajayi, gonnooɗo Miss Nijeer e hitaande 1979, awokaa, binndoowo e daraniiɗo jaŋde. Ɓiyiiko gorko e taaniiko Arthur Prest, Michael J. Perst woni njulaagu petroŋ gadano e nder leydi Najeriya, jom jawdi petroŋ e balloowo yimɓe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Again, Oil Tycoon, Michael Prest, Sings Another Song of Victory|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2023/03/05/again-oil-tycoon-michael-prest-sings-another-song-of-victory/|access-date=2025-12-20|language=en-US|newspaper=[[This Day]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko kanko woni mahoowo ñaawoore sariya sosiyetee Perst v Petrodel ''Resources Ltd'' nde janngaa e duɗe sariya, nde siifi no sariya sosiyetee yahrata.

Mawɗo Artur Perst maayi ko e hitaande 1976.

==Tuugnorgal==</text>
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      <id>174746</id>
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        <username>MOIBARDE</username>
        <id>10068</id>
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      <comment>i add category</comment>
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      <text bytes="4258" sha1="axmcs621r8jolids36xji5y5l8n03wm" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Mawɗo '''Arthur Edward Perst''' (10 feebariyee 1906 – 26 suwee 1976) ko politikaajo [[Naajeeriya]] mo ndonu leƴƴi ɗiɗi ummoriiɗo e diiwaan Warri to fuɗnaange [[Naajeeriya]].
[[File:Arthur Prest at institute.jpg|thumb|To duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Commonwealth e Mr. Kenneth Bradley, C. M. G., (caka) hooreejo duɗal ngal, e mawɗo Arthur Perst (nyaamo), gardiiɗo jaagorɗe leydi Naajeeriya]]

==Ngendam==
Perst jibinaa ko e [[lewru]] feebariyee 1906, baaba mum ko Engeleejo daneejo ummoriiɗo [[Liverpool]], ko kapiteen laana ndiwoowa, ko njulaagu njulaagu, e yumma mum ko laamɗo Itsekiri, laamɗo [[Najeriya]], laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mami Ogbe, ko ɓiy Olu mo Warri. E hitaande 1946, Perst rokkaama tiitoonde laamɗo Olorogun Warri, ko Olu Warri, banndiiko.

Perst ko ofisee e nder polis [[Naajeeriya]], kadi ko kanko woni ofisee gadano e nder leydi [[Naajeeriya]]. O janngi sariya haa lesdi Angalteer, o winnditi haa suudu kiita mawndu lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nder hitaande 1947, ko adi o suɓaama ngam o laato wakiiliijo diiwal Warri haa suudu joonde diidaaɗi hirnaange.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Cohen|first1=Abner|title=Urban Ethnicity|publisher=Routledge, 2004|isbn=0-415-32982-5|page=302}}&lt;/ref&gt; Caggal ɗuum o wonti Ñaawirde Toownde to diiwaan hakkundeejo hirnaange e oon sahaa.

E hitaande 1950 Perst e [[Anthony Enahoro|Antoni Enahoro]] cosi lannda hakkundeejo hirnaange. Enahoro fuɗɗiima jaaynde ''Mid-West Press'', o yaltinii jaaynde [[Naajeeriya]] gila 1950 haa 1953. E hitaande 1951, lannda ''Mid-West'' naati e fedde ''Action Group''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jr.Akyeampong2012&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Gates, Akyeampong, &amp; Niven|title=Dictionary of African Biography|date=2 February 2012|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA302|accessdate=2 February 2012|publisher=OUP USA|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5|page=302}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Perst ɓaawo man laati ministaajo diiwal haa [[Ibadan]], nden o laati cukko hooreejo [[Obafemi Awolowo]]. Yanti heen, o toɗɗaama jaagorgal jokkondiral hakkunde leyɗeele e hitaande 1952. Prest, Awolowo, ''Sir'' [[Ahmadu Bello]], [[Anthony Enahoro]] e woɗɓe kaɓaama ngam heɓde ndimaagu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], ɓe tawtoraama jeewte Lancaster House ɗe kaaldi ngam heɓde ndimaagu leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]]. O ummii e fedde Action Group e hitaande 1957. Caggal ɗuum, Perst wonti Komisinaajo mawɗo fedde [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]] to leydi Angalteer.

E hitaande 1971, Perst naati e ñaawoore mawnde. O luulndii Itsekiri ''Communal Lands Trust'' yiɗde huutoraade hakkeeji jom en jawɗeele en mbiyateeɗi Olu Warri dow leyɗeele to Warri. Hakkeeji jeyi leydi ina ndokka amaana oo jeyi leydi ndii fof, tawa ina jeyaa heen jeyi leydi ndi jeyi leydi. Kono tan, hoolaare leyɗeele renndo ndee dañii ñaawoore ndee.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Ekeh|first1=Peter Palmer|title=Warri City and British Colonial Rule in Western Niger Delta'|publisher=Urhobo Historical Society. 2005|isbn=978-064-924-7|page=290}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Arthur Prest with Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip.jpg|thumb|Arthur Perst e laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Elizabeth II e laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Filip]]


Perst ina joginoo nguurndam galle keewɗam, keewɗam. O dañi ɓiɓɓe ɗuuɗɓe, ɓurɓe anndugo woni ɓiyiiko arandeejo mawɗo Michael Godwin Prest, mo laati awokaajo, siyaasaaku e hooreejo kuuɗe hooreejo lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] [[Shehu Shagari]] nder hitaande 1979. Mawɗo Michael Perst dañi ɓiɓɓe 4. Ɓiɗɗo makko mawɗo e taaniiko debbo biyeteeɗo Arthur Perst ko Helen Prest-Ajayi, gonnooɗo Miss Nijeer e hitaande 1979, awokaa, binndoowo e daraniiɗo jaŋde. Ɓiyiiko gorko e taaniiko Arthur Prest, Michael J. Perst woni njulaagu petroŋ gadano e nder leydi Najeriya, jom jawdi petroŋ e balloowo yimɓe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Again, Oil Tycoon, Michael Prest, Sings Another Song of Victory|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2023/03/05/again-oil-tycoon-michael-prest-sings-another-song-of-victory/|access-date=2025-12-20|language=en-US|newspaper=[[This Day]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko kanko woni mahoowo ñaawoore sariya sosiyetee Perst v Petrodel ''Resources Ltd'' nde janngaa e duɗe sariya, nde siifi no sariya sosiyetee yahrata.

Mawɗo Artur Perst maayi ko e hitaande 1976.

==Tuugnorgal==
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[[Category:Naajeeriya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Alfred Rewane</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>174747</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T05:32:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MOIBARDE</username>
        <id>10068</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Databox}}Mawɗo '''Alfred Rewane''' (24 ut 1916 – 6 ut 1995)[1] ko jom njulaagu Nijeer. O waraa ko ñalnde 6 oktoobar 1995 to galle makko to Ikeja, Lagos.[2] O woniino kaalis NADECO, o wonnoo ko sehil Obafemi Awolowo.[3]  ==Ngendam== Innde Rewane timmunde nde o jibinaa ko Ogbeyiwa Erewarone, o jibinaa ko Warri e galle Jemide Erewarone. Baaba makko ko njulaagu nguu jooɗinoo to Agbor, nde baaba makko woɗɗi Warri, Rewane jooɗii e kaaw makko diineyanke e oon sahaa ka...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2035" sha1="j0a14gdjrld9vok4phioydg4xm65rt8" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Mawɗo '''Alfred Rewane''' (24 ut 1916 – 6 ut 1995)[1] ko jom njulaagu Nijeer. O waraa ko ñalnde 6 oktoobar 1995 to galle makko to Ikeja, Lagos.[2] O woniino kaalis NADECO, o wonnoo ko sehil Obafemi Awolowo.[3]

==Ngendam==
Innde Rewane timmunde nde o jibinaa ko Ogbeyiwa Erewarone, o jibinaa ko Warri e galle Jemide Erewarone. Baaba makko ko njulaagu nguu jooɗinoo to Agbor, nde baaba makko woɗɗi Warri, Rewane jooɗii e kaaw makko diineyanke e oon sahaa kadi ko kanko rokki Rewane innde adannde Alfred.[4] O janngi ko e Duɗal Afrik, caggal ɗuum Duɗal Laamu, ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ko e wuro Warri. Hay so o naatii e duɗal Dennis Memorial Grammar ngam jaŋde hakkundeere, Rewane yahraani yeeso e jaŋde makko. O fuɗɗi kuugal maako bana ardiiɗo janngirde haa UAC nden o laati ardiiɗo beach, Lagos Customs Wharf ngam firm man. E kitaale 1940 o yalti UAC o woni e naatde e marsandiis, haa teeŋti e ƴiye nagge e pepper ɓaleejo caggal ɗuum e kitaale 1950, o naati kadi e njulaagu leɗɗe kadi o jeyi Rex club to Yaba, Lagos ɗo Bobby Benson wonnoo jimoowo keso. E jamaanu ko adii jeytaare leydi Najeriya, Rewane ina jokkondiri e fedde Action Group,[5] o wonti hooreejo Sosiyetee ƴellitaare diiwaan hirnaange mo fedde Action Group ardii laamu diiwaan oo.[6]

E kitaale 1970, Rewane ƴettii golle keewɗe e nder gollondiral Sapele e fedde wiyeteende Seaboard Corporation to Amerik. Sosiyeteeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen : « Miiluuji Life Flour », « Crevettes d'Afrique de l'Ouest e Top Feeds ».

E kitaale 1990, hoɗorde Rewane to Lagos ko nokku ɗo batuuji politik mbaɗnoo, ko ɗum addani ɗum sosde fedde wiyeteende « Coalition Nationale Démocratique » (NADECO).[7] O anndiranoo ko kaalis mawɗo fedde nde, nde wonnoo ko kañum wonnoo daande luulndiinde laamu konu Sani Abacha. Polis'en lesdi Naajeeriya nanngi yimɓe 7 ngam ɓe mbari mo ammaa 5 nder ɓe tuumaama ɓe maayi nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi, ɗiɗo luttuɓe ɓe ɗon mari haaje hokkugo hujjaaji ɗin ɗon mari bawɗe hukuumaaji pamari.

==Tuugnorgal==</text>
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      <id>174748</id>
      <parentid>174747</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T05:42:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MOIBARDE</username>
        <id>10068</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add links and references</comment>
      <origin>174748</origin>
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      <text bytes="3990" sha1="fjnk81n6g7gagn7q3b8fapegry5ts0y" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Mawɗo '''Alfred Rewane''' (24 ut 1916 – 6 ut 1995)&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/08/obafemi-awolowo-alfred-rewane/ Between Obafemi Awolowo and Alfred Rewane]&lt;/ref&gt; ko jom njulaagu Nijeer. O waraa ko ñalnde 6 oktoobar 1995 to galle makko to [[Ikeja]], [[Lagos]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/10/assassination-of-pa-rewane-when-will-justice-be-done/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Assassination of Pa Rewane: When will Justice be done? - Vanguard News|date=2009-10-17|access-date=2018-06-11|language=en-US|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; O woniino kaalis [[NADECO]], o wonnoo ko sehil [[Obafemi Awolowo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/remembering-rewane-nadeco-chieftain/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210010353/http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/remembering-rewane-nadeco-chieftain/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=February 10, 2015|title=Remembering Rewane, NADECO chieftain|date=October 6, 2014|first=Francis|last=Famoroti|newspaper=[[National Mirror]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ngendam==
Innde Rewane timmunde nde o jibinaa ko Ogbeyiwa Erewarone, o jibinaa ko Warri e galle Jemide Erewarone. Baaba makko ko njulaagu nguu jooɗinoo to Agbor, nde baaba makko woɗɗi Warri, Rewane jooɗii e kaaw makko diineyanke e oon sahaa kadi ko kanko rokki Rewane innde adannde Alfred.&lt;ref name=&quot;Link with the Past&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Link with the past|year=2000|publisher=Aike Books|isbn=9782197963|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u6UuAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=alfred+rewane}}&lt;/ref&gt; O janngi ko e Duɗal [[Afrik]], caggal ɗuum Duɗal Laamu, ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ko e wuro Warri. Hay so o naatii e duɗal Dennis ''Memorial Grammar'' ngam jaŋde hakkundeere, Rewane yahraani yeeso e jaŋde makko. O fuɗɗi kuugal maako bana ardiiɗo janngirde haa UAC nden o laati ardiiɗo beach, [[Lagos]] ''Customs Wharf'' ngam firm man. E kitaale 1940 o yalti UAC o woni e naatde e marsandiis, haa teeŋti e ƴiye nagge e ''pepper'' ɓaleejo caggal ɗuum e kitaale 1950, o naati kadi e njulaagu leɗɗe kadi o jeyi ''Rex club to'' Yaba, [[Lagos]] ɗo [[Bobby Benson]] wonnoo jimoowo keso. E jamaanu ko adii jeytaare leydi [[Najeriya]], Rewane ina jokkondiri e fedde ''Action Group'',&lt;ref name=&quot;Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|year=2004|publisher=African World Press|isbn=1592212093|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;dq=+rewane&amp;pg=PA576}}&lt;/ref&gt; o wonti hooreejo Sosiyetee ƴellitaare diiwaan hirnaange mo fedde Action Group ardii laamu diiwaan oo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Schler|first=Lynn|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Decolonizing_Independence/IyTqzgEACAAJ|title=Decolonizing Independence: Statecraft in Nigeria's First Republic and Israeli Interventions|date=2022-10-01|publisher=MSU Press|isbn=978-1-62895-478-4|pages=43|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E kitaale 1970, Rewane ƴettii golle keewɗe e nder gollondiral Sapele e fedde wiyeteende ''Seaboard Corporation to'' [[Amerik]]. Sosiyeteeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen : « Miiluuji ''Life Flour'' », « Crevettes d'Afrique de l'Ouest e ''Top Feeds'' ».

E kitaale 1990, hoɗorde Rewane to Lagos ko nokku ɗo batuuji politik mbaɗnoo, ko ɗum addani ɗum sosde fedde wiyeteende « ''Coalition Nationale Démocratique'' » (NADECO).&lt;ref name=&quot;Yorùbá Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Yorùbá Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria|year=2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107054226|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q8EdAwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=+rewane&amp;pg=PA120}}&lt;/ref&gt; O anndiranoo ko kaalis mawɗo fedde nde, nde wonnoo ko kañum wonnoo daande luulndiinde laamu konu [[Sani Abacha]]. Polis'en lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nanngi yimɓe 7 ngam ɓe mbari mo ammaa 5 nder ɓe tuumaama ɓe maayi nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi, ɗiɗo luttuɓe ɓe ɗon mari haaje hokkugo hujjaaji ɗin ɗon mari bawɗe hukuumaaji pamari.

==Tuugnorgal==</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-20T05:45:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MOIBARDE</username>
        <id>10068</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>i add category</comment>
      <origin>174749</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4029" sha1="7mwwesn4ts6b44bfov10nixp6x2fe1t" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Mawɗo '''Alfred Rewane''' (24 ut 1916 – 6 ut 1995)&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/08/obafemi-awolowo-alfred-rewane/ Between Obafemi Awolowo and Alfred Rewane]&lt;/ref&gt; ko jom njulaagu Nijeer. O waraa ko ñalnde 6 oktoobar 1995 to galle makko to [[Ikeja]], [[Lagos]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/10/assassination-of-pa-rewane-when-will-justice-be-done/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Assassination of Pa Rewane: When will Justice be done? - Vanguard News|date=2009-10-17|access-date=2018-06-11|language=en-US|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; O woniino kaalis [[NADECO]], o wonnoo ko sehil [[Obafemi Awolowo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/remembering-rewane-nadeco-chieftain/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210010353/http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/remembering-rewane-nadeco-chieftain/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=February 10, 2015|title=Remembering Rewane, NADECO chieftain|date=October 6, 2014|first=Francis|last=Famoroti|newspaper=[[National Mirror]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ngendam==
Innde Rewane timmunde nde o jibinaa ko Ogbeyiwa Erewarone, o jibinaa ko Warri e galle Jemide Erewarone. Baaba makko ko njulaagu nguu jooɗinoo to Agbor, nde baaba makko woɗɗi Warri, Rewane jooɗii e kaaw makko diineyanke e oon sahaa kadi ko kanko rokki Rewane innde adannde Alfred.&lt;ref name=&quot;Link with the Past&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Link with the past|year=2000|publisher=Aike Books|isbn=9782197963|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u6UuAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=alfred+rewane}}&lt;/ref&gt; O janngi ko e Duɗal [[Afrik]], caggal ɗuum Duɗal Laamu, ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ko e wuro Warri. Hay so o naatii e duɗal Dennis ''Memorial Grammar'' ngam jaŋde hakkundeere, Rewane yahraani yeeso e jaŋde makko. O fuɗɗi kuugal maako bana ardiiɗo janngirde haa UAC nden o laati ardiiɗo beach, [[Lagos]] ''Customs Wharf'' ngam firm man. E kitaale 1940 o yalti UAC o woni e naatde e marsandiis, haa teeŋti e ƴiye nagge e ''pepper'' ɓaleejo caggal ɗuum e kitaale 1950, o naati kadi e njulaagu leɗɗe kadi o jeyi ''Rex club to'' Yaba, [[Lagos]] ɗo [[Bobby Benson]] wonnoo jimoowo keso. E jamaanu ko adii jeytaare leydi [[Najeriya]], Rewane ina jokkondiri e fedde ''Action Group'',&lt;ref name=&quot;Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|year=2004|publisher=African World Press|isbn=1592212093|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&amp;dq=+rewane&amp;pg=PA576}}&lt;/ref&gt; o wonti hooreejo Sosiyetee ƴellitaare diiwaan hirnaange mo fedde Action Group ardii laamu diiwaan oo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Schler|first=Lynn|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Decolonizing_Independence/IyTqzgEACAAJ|title=Decolonizing Independence: Statecraft in Nigeria's First Republic and Israeli Interventions|date=2022-10-01|publisher=MSU Press|isbn=978-1-62895-478-4|pages=43|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E kitaale 1970, Rewane ƴettii golle keewɗe e nder gollondiral Sapele e fedde wiyeteende ''Seaboard Corporation to'' [[Amerik]]. Sosiyeteeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen : « Miiluuji ''Life Flour'' », « Crevettes d'Afrique de l'Ouest e ''Top Feeds'' ».

E kitaale 1990, hoɗorde Rewane to Lagos ko nokku ɗo batuuji politik mbaɗnoo, ko ɗum addani ɗum sosde fedde wiyeteende « ''Coalition Nationale Démocratique'' » (NADECO).&lt;ref name=&quot;Yorùbá Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Yorùbá Elites and Ethnic Politics in Nigeria|year=2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107054226|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q8EdAwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=+rewane&amp;pg=PA120}}&lt;/ref&gt; O anndiranoo ko kaalis mawɗo fedde nde, nde wonnoo ko kañum wonnoo daande luulndiinde laamu konu [[Sani Abacha]]. Polis'en lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] nanngi yimɓe 7 ngam ɓe mbari mo ammaa 5 nder ɓe tuumaama ɓe maayi nder suudu joonde diidaaɗi, ɗiɗo luttuɓe ɓe ɗon mari haaje hokkugo hujjaaji ɗin ɗon mari bawɗe hukuumaaji pamari.

==Tuugnorgal==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Naajeeriya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Maayo Palala</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Maayo Palala''' walla Lephalala, ngo Thomas Baines inniri kadi maayo Rhooebok[3] ko maayo wonngo e Afrik worgo. Ooɗoo nokku ɓuuɓɗo maayo ko ɓuuɓol les maayo Limpopo.  Ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam maantiniindi e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Waterberg e nder diiwaan Limpopo. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓna ko heewi e nokkuuji ladde Lapalala e leyɗeele keewɗe ɓeydaaɗe, ɗe ngonaa hoɗorde teeŋtunde wonande kullon ladde e nder nokkuuji ɗo restoraaji laddeeji keewɗi njokki. Renndo lad...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1863" sha1="437dzb8pdjy1taq8gyqa1qzyjdpxjk8" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Palala''' walla Lephalala, ngo Thomas Baines inniri kadi maayo Rhooebok[3] ko maayo wonngo e Afrik worgo. Ooɗoo nokku ɓuuɓɗo maayo ko ɓuuɓol les maayo Limpopo.

Ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam maantiniindi e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Waterberg e nder diiwaan Limpopo. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓna ko heewi e nokkuuji ladde Lapalala e leyɗeele keewɗe ɓeydaaɗe, ɗe ngonaa hoɗorde teeŋtunde wonande kullon ladde e nder nokkuuji ɗo restoraaji laddeeji keewɗi njokki. Renndo laddeeji joorɗi ɓurɗi heewde e feccere dowri maayo Palala ina hoɗi e kullon ladde mawkon Afrik keewkon ina jeyaa heen Gnu, Giraffe, Rhino White e bovids keewɗi.

Maayo Palala hollitaama ina hollira mbaadi ndiyam toowndi e ndiyam laaɓɗam no feewi, haa teeŋti noon e diiwanuuji ɓurɗi toowde ɗii ; ko nanndi heen cellal biyotik ƴeewtaama ko cellal huutoraade liɗɗi Afrik worgo ngam wonde bio-marker. Nate kaaƴe teskinɗe ko adii taariindi ina ngoodi e dow ŋoral maayo to nokku ladde Lapalala.

== Biota maayo ==
Ina waɗi kullon ladde keewkon hoɗɓe e maayo Palala ina heen liɗɗi, mborosaaji Niil, mborosaaji kaaƴe Afrik e mborosaaji hippopotamus. E nder wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2004 ko faati e cellal maayo ngoo, kollirooji liɗɗi Afrik worgo, Clarias gariepinus, nanngaama e nder nokkuuji ladde Lapalala.[4] Liɗɗi celluɗi worɓe e rewɓe tawaama e nder ŋoral maayo e nder ladde Lapalala, ina hollita teddeendi ɓalli no feewi ko ina tolnoo e 1,1 kiloo ; yanti heen, ndeeɗoo limre liɗɗi ummoriinde e nokkuuji toowɗi maayo Palala tawaama ina woodi mborosaaji, kadi ina woodi bonnugol heeñere.[5] Cellal toowngal ngal ko noon, Lapala toowngal huutoraa e wiztooji garooji zi, hono fedde toppitiinde cellal ngam yerondirde e maayooji Afrik worgo gozzi zi, zi vuri heewde ko vuri heewde e vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol ndema e nder tovo ngo.

== Geoloji e ndiyam ==</text>
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      <text bytes="3203" sha1="3x0zep9x5kvpqpeffjac5q08adth9va" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Palala''' walla Lephalala, ngo Thomas Baines inniri kadi maayo Rhooebok[3] ko maayo wonngo e Afrik worgo. Ooɗoo nokku ɓuuɓɗo maayo ko ɓuuɓol les maayo Limpopo.

Ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam maantiniindi e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Waterberg e nder diiwaan Limpopo. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓna ko heewi e nokkuuji ladde Lapalala e leyɗeele keewɗe ɓeydaaɗe, ɗe ngonaa hoɗorde teeŋtunde wonande kullon ladde e nder nokkuuji ɗo restoraaji laddeeji keewɗi njokki. Renndo laddeeji joorɗi ɓurɗi heewde e feccere dowri maayo Palala ina hoɗi e kullon ladde mawkon Afrik keewkon ina jeyaa heen Gnu, Giraffe, Rhino White e bovids keewɗi.

Maayo Palala hollitaama ina hollira mbaadi ndiyam toowndi e ndiyam laaɓɗam no feewi, haa teeŋti noon e diiwanuuji ɓurɗi toowde ɗii ; ko nanndi heen cellal biyotik ƴeewtaama ko cellal huutoraade liɗɗi Afrik worgo ngam wonde bio-marker. Nate kaaƴe teskinɗe ko adii taariindi ina ngoodi e dow ŋoral maayo to nokku ladde Lapalala.

== Biota maayo ==
Ina waɗi kullon ladde keewkon hoɗɓe e maayo Palala ina heen liɗɗi, mborosaaji Niil, mborosaaji kaaƴe Afrik e mborosaaji hippopotamus. E nder wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2004 ko faati e cellal maayo ngoo, kollirooji liɗɗi Afrik worgo, Clarias gariepinus, nanngaama e nder nokkuuji ladde Lapalala.[4] Liɗɗi celluɗi worɓe e rewɓe tawaama e nder ŋoral maayo e nder ladde Lapalala, ina hollita teddeendi ɓalli no feewi ko ina tolnoo e 1,1 kiloo ; yanti heen, ndeeɗoo limre liɗɗi ummoriinde e nokkuuji toowɗi maayo Palala tawaama ina woodi mborosaaji, kadi ina woodi bonnugol heeñere.[5] Cellal toowngal ngal ko noon, Lapala toowngal huutoraa e wiztooji garooji zi, hono fedde toppitiinde cellal ngam yerondirde e maayooji Afrik worgo gozzi zi, zi vuri heewde ko vuri heewde e vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol ndema e nder tovo ngo.

== Geoloji e ndiyam ==
Laabi kaaƴe ɗi maayo Palala taƴi ɗii ina mbaɗi jokkondire mawɗe, haa 3 000 meeteer e nder nokkuuji, e ɓuuɓri gonndi e nokkuuji toowɗi, ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji toowɗi ɓooyɗi, teemedde keewɗe kiloomeeteeruuji to fuɗnaange-rewo, tawa ina njuɓɓina e nder weeyo juutngo, duuɓi duuɓi duuɓi hakkunde duuɓi110 salqi. Hisnude ɗeen ɗoon ɓulli ceene ɗi mbaylaaka, tawi ina waɗi seedeeji gadani ɗi oksijen ɓuuɓɗo feeñi e weeyo Leydi adanngo, ko sabu ɗi lelnaama e dow heddiiɓe e ŋoral Kaapvaal gonngal e ŋoral, ngal addani ngal heddaade ko famɗi fof ko aldaa e waylo-waylo (little) e nokku mum (metamorte) mawɗo. Caggal ɗuum, ƴellitaare ɗeen ɓulli, ɗe kawri ko e innde Waterberg Group, addani ɗe waɗde hannde ko ɓuuɓri, toowndi to bannge worgo ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje meeteruuji dow ŋoral taariindi. So tawii won kaaƴe ɓurɗe famɗude meeɗnooɗe jolneede e dow ŋoral Waterberg e nder ndeeɗoo diiwaan, alaa ko heddii e ɗuum. Les ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol ngol ina waɗi kaaƴe ɓuuɓɗe e ɓuuɓɗe duuɓi 2 100 miliyoŋ ɗe nokkuuji goɗɗi ina mbaawi taweede ina njaɓɓoo ɓuuɓol faggudu ko wayi no platinum, nikel, njamndi mboɗeeri e tin ; kono alaa fof ɗo miniraaluuji baɗɗi nafoore faggudu njiytaa, walla ina gasa tawa ina njiytee e nder ɓulli Waterberg ɗi njahrata ko no feewi, ɗi winndunoo.</text>
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      <text bytes="4208" sha1="4nb2rhkwbsjderiy1vq4jy8wiw1t9h9" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Palala''' walla Lephalala, ngo Thomas Baines inniri kadi maayo Rhooebok[3] ko maayo wonngo e Afrik worgo. Ooɗoo nokku ɓuuɓɗo maayo ko ɓuuɓol les maayo Limpopo.

Ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam maantiniindi e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Waterberg e nder diiwaan Limpopo. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓna ko heewi e nokkuuji ladde Lapalala e leyɗeele keewɗe ɓeydaaɗe, ɗe ngonaa hoɗorde teeŋtunde wonande kullon ladde e nder nokkuuji ɗo restoraaji laddeeji keewɗi njokki. Renndo laddeeji joorɗi ɓurɗi heewde e feccere dowri maayo Palala ina hoɗi e kullon ladde mawkon Afrik keewkon ina jeyaa heen Gnu, Giraffe, Rhino White e bovids keewɗi.

Maayo Palala hollitaama ina hollira mbaadi ndiyam toowndi e ndiyam laaɓɗam no feewi, haa teeŋti noon e diiwanuuji ɓurɗi toowde ɗii ; ko nanndi heen cellal biyotik ƴeewtaama ko cellal huutoraade liɗɗi Afrik worgo ngam wonde bio-marker. Nate kaaƴe teskinɗe ko adii taariindi ina ngoodi e dow ŋoral maayo to nokku ladde Lapalala.

== Biota maayo ==
Ina waɗi kullon ladde keewkon hoɗɓe e maayo Palala ina heen liɗɗi, mborosaaji Niil, mborosaaji kaaƴe Afrik e mborosaaji hippopotamus. E nder wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2004 ko faati e cellal maayo ngoo, kollirooji liɗɗi Afrik worgo, Clarias gariepinus, nanngaama e nder nokkuuji ladde Lapalala.[4] Liɗɗi celluɗi worɓe e rewɓe tawaama e nder ŋoral maayo e nder ladde Lapalala, ina hollita teddeendi ɓalli no feewi ko ina tolnoo e 1,1 kiloo ; yanti heen, ndeeɗoo limre liɗɗi ummoriinde e nokkuuji toowɗi maayo Palala tawaama ina woodi mborosaaji, kadi ina woodi bonnugol heeñere.[5] Cellal toowngal ngal ko noon, Lapala toowngal huutoraa e wiztooji garooji zi, hono fedde toppitiinde cellal ngam yerondirde e maayooji Afrik worgo gozzi zi, zi vuri heewde ko vuri heewde e vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol ndema e nder tovo ngo.

== Geoloji e ndiyam ==
Laabi kaaƴe ɗi maayo Palala taƴi ɗii ina mbaɗi jokkondire mawɗe, haa 3 000 meeteer e nder nokkuuji, e ɓuuɓri gonndi e nokkuuji toowɗi, ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji toowɗi ɓooyɗi, teemedde keewɗe kiloomeeteeruuji to fuɗnaange-rewo, tawa ina njuɓɓina e nder weeyo juutngo, duuɓi duuɓi duuɓi hakkunde duuɓi110 salqi. Hisnude ɗeen ɗoon ɓulli ceene ɗi mbaylaaka, tawi ina waɗi seedeeji gadani ɗi oksijen ɓuuɓɗo feeñi e weeyo Leydi adanngo, ko sabu ɗi lelnaama e dow heddiiɓe e ŋoral Kaapvaal gonngal e ŋoral, ngal addani ngal heddaade ko famɗi fof ko aldaa e waylo-waylo (little) e nokku mum (metamorte) mawɗo. Caggal ɗuum, ƴellitaare ɗeen ɓulli, ɗe kawri ko e innde Waterberg Group, addani ɗe waɗde hannde ko ɓuuɓri, toowndi to bannge worgo ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje meeteruuji dow ŋoral taariindi. So tawii won kaaƴe ɓurɗe famɗude meeɗnooɗe jolneede e dow ŋoral Waterberg e nder ndeeɗoo diiwaan, alaa ko heddii e ɗuum. Les ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol ngol ina waɗi kaaƴe ɓuuɓɗe e ɓuuɓɗe duuɓi 2 100 miliyoŋ ɗe nokkuuji goɗɗi ina mbaawi taweede ina njaɓɓoo ɓuuɓol faggudu ko wayi no platinum, nikel, njamndi mboɗeeri e tin ; kono alaa fof ɗo miniraaluuji baɗɗi nafoore faggudu njiytaa, walla ina gasa tawa ina njiytee e nder ɓulli Waterberg ɗi njahrata ko no feewi, ɗi winndunoo.

Ko ɓuri heewde e toɓooli Waterberg ina njogii toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e leydi ndii fof, gila e ko ɓuri 1000mm to bannge worgo haa les 400mm to bannge worgo. Sifaa ɓuuɓɗo mo ɓuuɓol ngol ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓol ngol, e sifaa mum ŋakkeende ɓuuɓol mawngol e nder leydi, firti ko ko ɓuri heewde e toɓooli keɓaaɗi e nder wertallo ngoo, ko ɓooyaani koo, ina ɓuuɓta, tawa ina wallita e ngalu ndiyam les leydi. Nii woni ko Waterberg woni ɓuuɓri maayooji nay mawɗi duumotooɗi, ɗi Palala ɓuri mawnude e maayooji ɗii, ɗiin fof ina njillondiri haa laaɓi to bannge worgo haa e nder Limpopo. Maaje mawɗe goɗɗe ɗee ko Mogalakwena e Mokolo e Matlabas. Sifaa asid kaaƴe ɗee ina addana ndiyam ɗam asid ɓuuɓde e nder leydi hee, ko ɗum waɗi ko ɓuri heewde e majji ina famɗi no feewi, ina famɗi kadi mbaawka nawde. Ina gasa tawa ko luutndii ɗum, ko ndeeɗoo ŋakkere nguura, distrofik e nder leydi, ɓuri saabaade keewal nguurndam toowngal no feewi, ko ɗum sifaa e ŋoral Waterberg.</text>
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      <text bytes="4661" sha1="qa7wcx1ngk7ckg6qb0g4wgziwghvlcf" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Palala''' walla Lephalala, ngo Thomas Baines inniri kadi maayo Rhooebok[3] ko maayo wonngo e Afrik worgo. Ooɗoo nokku ɓuuɓɗo maayo ko ɓuuɓol les maayo Limpopo.

Ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam maantiniindi e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Waterberg e nder diiwaan Limpopo. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓna ko heewi e nokkuuji ladde Lapalala e leyɗeele keewɗe ɓeydaaɗe, ɗe ngonaa hoɗorde teeŋtunde wonande kullon ladde e nder nokkuuji ɗo restoraaji laddeeji keewɗi njokki. Renndo laddeeji joorɗi ɓurɗi heewde e feccere dowri maayo Palala ina hoɗi e kullon ladde mawkon Afrik keewkon ina jeyaa heen Gnu, Giraffe, Rhino White e bovids keewɗi.

Maayo Palala hollitaama ina hollira mbaadi ndiyam toowndi e ndiyam laaɓɗam no feewi, haa teeŋti noon e diiwanuuji ɓurɗi toowde ɗii ; ko nanndi heen cellal biyotik ƴeewtaama ko cellal huutoraade liɗɗi Afrik worgo ngam wonde bio-marker. Nate kaaƴe teskinɗe ko adii taariindi ina ngoodi e dow ŋoral maayo to nokku ladde Lapalala.

== Biota maayo ==
Ina waɗi kullon ladde keewkon hoɗɓe e maayo Palala ina heen liɗɗi, mborosaaji Niil, mborosaaji kaaƴe Afrik e mborosaaji hippopotamus. E nder wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2004 ko faati e cellal maayo ngoo, kollirooji liɗɗi Afrik worgo, Clarias gariepinus, nanngaama e nder nokkuuji ladde Lapalala.[4] Liɗɗi celluɗi worɓe e rewɓe tawaama e nder ŋoral maayo e nder ladde Lapalala, ina hollita teddeendi ɓalli no feewi ko ina tolnoo e 1,1 kiloo ; yanti heen, ndeeɗoo limre liɗɗi ummoriinde e nokkuuji toowɗi maayo Palala tawaama ina woodi mborosaaji, kadi ina woodi bonnugol heeñere.[5] Cellal toowngal ngal ko noon, Lapala toowngal huutoraa e wiztooji garooji zi, hono fedde toppitiinde cellal ngam yerondirde e maayooji Afrik worgo gozzi zi, zi vuri heewde ko vuri heewde e vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol ndema e nder tovo ngo.

== Geoloji e ndiyam ==
Laabi kaaƴe ɗi maayo Palala taƴi ɗii ina mbaɗi jokkondire mawɗe, haa 3 000 meeteer e nder nokkuuji, e ɓuuɓri gonndi e nokkuuji toowɗi, ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji toowɗi ɓooyɗi, teemedde keewɗe kiloomeeteeruuji to fuɗnaange-rewo, tawa ina njuɓɓina e nder weeyo juutngo, duuɓi duuɓi duuɓi hakkunde duuɓi110 salqi. Hisnude ɗeen ɗoon ɓulli ceene ɗi mbaylaaka, tawi ina waɗi seedeeji gadani ɗi oksijen ɓuuɓɗo feeñi e weeyo Leydi adanngo, ko sabu ɗi lelnaama e dow heddiiɓe e ŋoral Kaapvaal gonngal e ŋoral, ngal addani ngal heddaade ko famɗi fof ko aldaa e waylo-waylo (little) e nokku mum (metamorte) mawɗo. Caggal ɗuum, ƴellitaare ɗeen ɓulli, ɗe kawri ko e innde Waterberg Group, addani ɗe waɗde hannde ko ɓuuɓri, toowndi to bannge worgo ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje meeteruuji dow ŋoral taariindi. So tawii won kaaƴe ɓurɗe famɗude meeɗnooɗe jolneede e dow ŋoral Waterberg e nder ndeeɗoo diiwaan, alaa ko heddii e ɗuum. Les ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol ngol ina waɗi kaaƴe ɓuuɓɗe e ɓuuɓɗe duuɓi 2 100 miliyoŋ ɗe nokkuuji goɗɗi ina mbaawi taweede ina njaɓɓoo ɓuuɓol faggudu ko wayi no platinum, nikel, njamndi mboɗeeri e tin ; kono alaa fof ɗo miniraaluuji baɗɗi nafoore faggudu njiytaa, walla ina gasa tawa ina njiytee e nder ɓulli Waterberg ɗi njahrata ko no feewi, ɗi winndunoo.

Ko ɓuri heewde e toɓooli Waterberg ina njogii toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e leydi ndii fof, gila e ko ɓuri 1000mm to bannge worgo haa les 400mm to bannge worgo. Sifaa ɓuuɓɗo mo ɓuuɓol ngol ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓol ngol, e sifaa mum ŋakkeende ɓuuɓol mawngol e nder leydi, firti ko ko ɓuri heewde e toɓooli keɓaaɗi e nder wertallo ngoo, ko ɓooyaani koo, ina ɓuuɓta, tawa ina wallita e ngalu ndiyam les leydi. Nii woni ko Waterberg woni ɓuuɓri maayooji nay mawɗi duumotooɗi, ɗi Palala ɓuri mawnude e maayooji ɗii, ɗiin fof ina njillondiri haa laaɓi to bannge worgo haa e nder Limpopo. Maaje mawɗe goɗɗe ɗee ko Mogalakwena e Mokolo e Matlabas. Sifaa asid kaaƴe ɗee ina addana ndiyam ɗam asid ɓuuɓde e nder leydi hee, ko ɗum waɗi ko ɓuri heewde e majji ina famɗi no feewi, ina famɗi kadi mbaawka nawde. Ina gasa tawa ko luutndii ɗum, ko ndeeɗoo ŋakkere nguura, distrofik e nder leydi, ɓuri saabaade keewal nguurndam toowngal no feewi, ko ɗum sifaa e ŋoral Waterberg.

== Nate kaaƴe ko adii daartol ==
Lapalala ina jogii nokkuuji naalankaagal kaaƴe sappo e tati anndaaɗi, won heen ina ɓadii maayo Lephalala, won heen ina ɓadii maayo Blocklands. Nokkuuji keewɗi pentiraaɗi ɗii ko e nder cuuɗi kaaƴe tokoosi, woɗɓe ina ngoni e dow kaaƴe dime ɗe ɓuuɓɗe. Pelle ɗiɗi ceertuɗe ina nguurnoo e Waterberg e nder duuɓi 1000 jawtuɗi ɗii, pelle ɗiɗi ɗee kala ina njogii naalankaagal e nder rezerw Lapalala.</text>
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      <id>174755</id>
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      <text bytes="5742" sha1="hso5y5sibtn697d7e7wleo3r5bd3l4s" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Palala''' walla Lephalala, ngo Thomas Baines inniri kadi maayo Rhooebok[3] ko maayo wonngo e Afrik worgo. Ooɗoo nokku ɓuuɓɗo maayo ko ɓuuɓol les maayo Limpopo.

Ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam maantiniindi e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Waterberg e nder diiwaan Limpopo. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓna ko heewi e nokkuuji ladde Lapalala e leyɗeele keewɗe ɓeydaaɗe, ɗe ngonaa hoɗorde teeŋtunde wonande kullon ladde e nder nokkuuji ɗo restoraaji laddeeji keewɗi njokki. Renndo laddeeji joorɗi ɓurɗi heewde e feccere dowri maayo Palala ina hoɗi e kullon ladde mawkon Afrik keewkon ina jeyaa heen Gnu, Giraffe, Rhino White e bovids keewɗi.

Maayo Palala hollitaama ina hollira mbaadi ndiyam toowndi e ndiyam laaɓɗam no feewi, haa teeŋti noon e diiwanuuji ɓurɗi toowde ɗii ; ko nanndi heen cellal biyotik ƴeewtaama ko cellal huutoraade liɗɗi Afrik worgo ngam wonde bio-marker. Nate kaaƴe teskinɗe ko adii taariindi ina ngoodi e dow ŋoral maayo to nokku ladde Lapalala.

== Biota maayo ==
Ina waɗi kullon ladde keewkon hoɗɓe e maayo Palala ina heen liɗɗi, mborosaaji Niil, mborosaaji kaaƴe Afrik e mborosaaji hippopotamus. E nder wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2004 ko faati e cellal maayo ngoo, kollirooji liɗɗi Afrik worgo, Clarias gariepinus, nanngaama e nder nokkuuji ladde Lapalala.[4] Liɗɗi celluɗi worɓe e rewɓe tawaama e nder ŋoral maayo e nder ladde Lapalala, ina hollita teddeendi ɓalli no feewi ko ina tolnoo e 1,1 kiloo ; yanti heen, ndeeɗoo limre liɗɗi ummoriinde e nokkuuji toowɗi maayo Palala tawaama ina woodi mborosaaji, kadi ina woodi bonnugol heeñere.[5] Cellal toowngal ngal ko noon, Lapala toowngal huutoraa e wiztooji garooji zi, hono fedde toppitiinde cellal ngam yerondirde e maayooji Afrik worgo gozzi zi, zi vuri heewde ko vuri heewde e vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol ndema e nder tovo ngo.

== Geoloji e ndiyam ==
Laabi kaaƴe ɗi maayo Palala taƴi ɗii ina mbaɗi jokkondire mawɗe, haa 3 000 meeteer e nder nokkuuji, e ɓuuɓri gonndi e nokkuuji toowɗi, ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji toowɗi ɓooyɗi, teemedde keewɗe kiloomeeteeruuji to fuɗnaange-rewo, tawa ina njuɓɓina e nder weeyo juutngo, duuɓi duuɓi duuɓi hakkunde duuɓi110 salqi. Hisnude ɗeen ɗoon ɓulli ceene ɗi mbaylaaka, tawi ina waɗi seedeeji gadani ɗi oksijen ɓuuɓɗo feeñi e weeyo Leydi adanngo, ko sabu ɗi lelnaama e dow heddiiɓe e ŋoral Kaapvaal gonngal e ŋoral, ngal addani ngal heddaade ko famɗi fof ko aldaa e waylo-waylo (little) e nokku mum (metamorte) mawɗo. Caggal ɗuum, ƴellitaare ɗeen ɓulli, ɗe kawri ko e innde Waterberg Group, addani ɗe waɗde hannde ko ɓuuɓri, toowndi to bannge worgo ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje meeteruuji dow ŋoral taariindi. So tawii won kaaƴe ɓurɗe famɗude meeɗnooɗe jolneede e dow ŋoral Waterberg e nder ndeeɗoo diiwaan, alaa ko heddii e ɗuum. Les ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol ngol ina waɗi kaaƴe ɓuuɓɗe e ɓuuɓɗe duuɓi 2 100 miliyoŋ ɗe nokkuuji goɗɗi ina mbaawi taweede ina njaɓɓoo ɓuuɓol faggudu ko wayi no platinum, nikel, njamndi mboɗeeri e tin ; kono alaa fof ɗo miniraaluuji baɗɗi nafoore faggudu njiytaa, walla ina gasa tawa ina njiytee e nder ɓulli Waterberg ɗi njahrata ko no feewi, ɗi winndunoo.

Ko ɓuri heewde e toɓooli Waterberg ina njogii toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e leydi ndii fof, gila e ko ɓuri 1000mm to bannge worgo haa les 400mm to bannge worgo. Sifaa ɓuuɓɗo mo ɓuuɓol ngol ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓol ngol, e sifaa mum ŋakkeende ɓuuɓol mawngol e nder leydi, firti ko ko ɓuri heewde e toɓooli keɓaaɗi e nder wertallo ngoo, ko ɓooyaani koo, ina ɓuuɓta, tawa ina wallita e ngalu ndiyam les leydi. Nii woni ko Waterberg woni ɓuuɓri maayooji nay mawɗi duumotooɗi, ɗi Palala ɓuri mawnude e maayooji ɗii, ɗiin fof ina njillondiri haa laaɓi to bannge worgo haa e nder Limpopo. Maaje mawɗe goɗɗe ɗee ko Mogalakwena e Mokolo e Matlabas. Sifaa asid kaaƴe ɗee ina addana ndiyam ɗam asid ɓuuɓde e nder leydi hee, ko ɗum waɗi ko ɓuri heewde e majji ina famɗi no feewi, ina famɗi kadi mbaawka nawde. Ina gasa tawa ko luutndii ɗum, ko ndeeɗoo ŋakkere nguura, distrofik e nder leydi, ɓuri saabaade keewal nguurndam toowngal no feewi, ko ɗum sifaa e ŋoral Waterberg.

== Nate kaaƴe ko adii daartol ==
Lapalala ina jogii nokkuuji naalankaagal kaaƴe sappo e tati anndaaɗi, won heen ina ɓadii maayo Lephalala, won heen ina ɓadii maayo Blocklands. Nokkuuji keewɗi pentiraaɗi ɗii ko e nder cuuɗi kaaƴe tokoosi, woɗɓe ina ngoni e dow kaaƴe dime ɗe ɓuuɓɗe. Pelle ɗiɗi ceertuɗe ina nguurnoo e Waterberg e nder duuɓi 1000 jawtuɗi ɗii, pelle ɗiɗi ɗee kala ina njogii naalankaagal e nder rezerw Lapalala.

Bushmen, wuurnooɓe e nguurndam dogooɓe-mooftuɓe, ina peewna ‘fine-line’, naalankaagal diisnondirngal no feewi, kuutortoongal broosuuji baɗaaɗi e gaasa daabaaji, e pentiir boɗeejo e boɗeejo ummoraade e kaaƴe ɓuuɓɗe, keewɗe njamndi (okre) jillondirɗe e ndiyam ko wayi no ndiyam, ƴiiƴam walla ƴiiƴam. Pentol danewol ummoriingol e ndoondi walla e loope, tee ngolɗoo laawol ina reena no feewi so yerondiraama e pentol boɗewol ngol ɓuuɓnata e nder haayre. Naalankaagal Bushman ina hollita mbaydiiji keewɗi, haa teeŋti noon e hartebeest e kudu. Daabaaji ɗii ina mbaɗee sahaa e sahaa fof ko goonga e sahaaji goɗɗi tagoore nde hollirtee ko jillondiral miijo hartebeest walla kudu sifaaji e sifaaji aadee. Ko ɗum waɗi naalankaagal Bushman ko haala diine kadi naalanke oo ina etonoo hollirde geɗe goongɗinɗe ko fayti e aduna ruuhu, e geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder ngonkaaji hakkillaaji baylaaɗi e ‘sellinooɓe’ e nder renndo. Limlebbi aadee juutɗi e nder naalankaagal, yeru, ko ngam faamninde jikku juutɗo mo sellinoowo waawi heɓde e nder ŋoral.</text>
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      <text bytes="7004" sha1="ma0nva29kd5pjloo5idnoq02rdl8avn" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Palala''' walla Lephalala, ngo Thomas Baines inniri kadi maayo Rhooebok[3] ko maayo wonngo e Afrik worgo. Ooɗoo nokku ɓuuɓɗo maayo ko ɓuuɓol les maayo Limpopo.

Ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam maantiniindi e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Waterberg e nder diiwaan Limpopo. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓna ko heewi e nokkuuji ladde Lapalala e leyɗeele keewɗe ɓeydaaɗe, ɗe ngonaa hoɗorde teeŋtunde wonande kullon ladde e nder nokkuuji ɗo restoraaji laddeeji keewɗi njokki. Renndo laddeeji joorɗi ɓurɗi heewde e feccere dowri maayo Palala ina hoɗi e kullon ladde mawkon Afrik keewkon ina jeyaa heen Gnu, Giraffe, Rhino White e bovids keewɗi.

Maayo Palala hollitaama ina hollira mbaadi ndiyam toowndi e ndiyam laaɓɗam no feewi, haa teeŋti noon e diiwanuuji ɓurɗi toowde ɗii ; ko nanndi heen cellal biyotik ƴeewtaama ko cellal huutoraade liɗɗi Afrik worgo ngam wonde bio-marker. Nate kaaƴe teskinɗe ko adii taariindi ina ngoodi e dow ŋoral maayo to nokku ladde Lapalala.

== Biota maayo ==
Ina waɗi kullon ladde keewkon hoɗɓe e maayo Palala ina heen liɗɗi, mborosaaji Niil, mborosaaji kaaƴe Afrik e mborosaaji hippopotamus. E nder wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2004 ko faati e cellal maayo ngoo, kollirooji liɗɗi Afrik worgo, Clarias gariepinus, nanngaama e nder nokkuuji ladde Lapalala.[4] Liɗɗi celluɗi worɓe e rewɓe tawaama e nder ŋoral maayo e nder ladde Lapalala, ina hollita teddeendi ɓalli no feewi ko ina tolnoo e 1,1 kiloo ; yanti heen, ndeeɗoo limre liɗɗi ummoriinde e nokkuuji toowɗi maayo Palala tawaama ina woodi mborosaaji, kadi ina woodi bonnugol heeñere.[5] Cellal toowngal ngal ko noon, Lapala toowngal huutoraa e wiztooji garooji zi, hono fedde toppitiinde cellal ngam yerondirde e maayooji Afrik worgo gozzi zi, zi vuri heewde ko vuri heewde e vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol ndema e nder tovo ngo.

== Geoloji e ndiyam ==
Laabi kaaƴe ɗi maayo Palala taƴi ɗii ina mbaɗi jokkondire mawɗe, haa 3 000 meeteer e nder nokkuuji, e ɓuuɓri gonndi e nokkuuji toowɗi, ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji toowɗi ɓooyɗi, teemedde keewɗe kiloomeeteeruuji to fuɗnaange-rewo, tawa ina njuɓɓina e nder weeyo juutngo, duuɓi duuɓi duuɓi hakkunde duuɓi110 salqi. Hisnude ɗeen ɗoon ɓulli ceene ɗi mbaylaaka, tawi ina waɗi seedeeji gadani ɗi oksijen ɓuuɓɗo feeñi e weeyo Leydi adanngo, ko sabu ɗi lelnaama e dow heddiiɓe e ŋoral Kaapvaal gonngal e ŋoral, ngal addani ngal heddaade ko famɗi fof ko aldaa e waylo-waylo (little) e nokku mum (metamorte) mawɗo. Caggal ɗuum, ƴellitaare ɗeen ɓulli, ɗe kawri ko e innde Waterberg Group, addani ɗe waɗde hannde ko ɓuuɓri, toowndi to bannge worgo ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje meeteruuji dow ŋoral taariindi. So tawii won kaaƴe ɓurɗe famɗude meeɗnooɗe jolneede e dow ŋoral Waterberg e nder ndeeɗoo diiwaan, alaa ko heddii e ɗuum. Les ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol ngol ina waɗi kaaƴe ɓuuɓɗe e ɓuuɓɗe duuɓi 2 100 miliyoŋ ɗe nokkuuji goɗɗi ina mbaawi taweede ina njaɓɓoo ɓuuɓol faggudu ko wayi no platinum, nikel, njamndi mboɗeeri e tin ; kono alaa fof ɗo miniraaluuji baɗɗi nafoore faggudu njiytaa, walla ina gasa tawa ina njiytee e nder ɓulli Waterberg ɗi njahrata ko no feewi, ɗi winndunoo.

Ko ɓuri heewde e toɓooli Waterberg ina njogii toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e leydi ndii fof, gila e ko ɓuri 1000mm to bannge worgo haa les 400mm to bannge worgo. Sifaa ɓuuɓɗo mo ɓuuɓol ngol ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓol ngol, e sifaa mum ŋakkeende ɓuuɓol mawngol e nder leydi, firti ko ko ɓuri heewde e toɓooli keɓaaɗi e nder wertallo ngoo, ko ɓooyaani koo, ina ɓuuɓta, tawa ina wallita e ngalu ndiyam les leydi. Nii woni ko Waterberg woni ɓuuɓri maayooji nay mawɗi duumotooɗi, ɗi Palala ɓuri mawnude e maayooji ɗii, ɗiin fof ina njillondiri haa laaɓi to bannge worgo haa e nder Limpopo. Maaje mawɗe goɗɗe ɗee ko Mogalakwena e Mokolo e Matlabas. Sifaa asid kaaƴe ɗee ina addana ndiyam ɗam asid ɓuuɓde e nder leydi hee, ko ɗum waɗi ko ɓuri heewde e majji ina famɗi no feewi, ina famɗi kadi mbaawka nawde. Ina gasa tawa ko luutndii ɗum, ko ndeeɗoo ŋakkere nguura, distrofik e nder leydi, ɓuri saabaade keewal nguurndam toowngal no feewi, ko ɗum sifaa e ŋoral Waterberg.

== Nate kaaƴe ko adii daartol ==
Lapalala ina jogii nokkuuji naalankaagal kaaƴe sappo e tati anndaaɗi, won heen ina ɓadii maayo Lephalala, won heen ina ɓadii maayo Blocklands. Nokkuuji keewɗi pentiraaɗi ɗii ko e nder cuuɗi kaaƴe tokoosi, woɗɓe ina ngoni e dow kaaƴe dime ɗe ɓuuɓɗe. Pelle ɗiɗi ceertuɗe ina nguurnoo e Waterberg e nder duuɓi 1000 jawtuɗi ɗii, pelle ɗiɗi ɗee kala ina njogii naalankaagal e nder rezerw Lapalala.

Bushmen, wuurnooɓe e nguurndam dogooɓe-mooftuɓe, ina peewna ‘fine-line’, naalankaagal diisnondirngal no feewi, kuutortoongal broosuuji baɗaaɗi e gaasa daabaaji, e pentiir boɗeejo e boɗeejo ummoraade e kaaƴe ɓuuɓɗe, keewɗe njamndi (okre) jillondirɗe e ndiyam ko wayi no ndiyam, ƴiiƴam walla ƴiiƴam. Pentol danewol ummoriingol e ndoondi walla e loope, tee ngolɗoo laawol ina reena no feewi so yerondiraama e pentol boɗewol ngol ɓuuɓnata e nder haayre. Naalankaagal Bushman ina hollita mbaydiiji keewɗi, haa teeŋti noon e hartebeest e kudu. Daabaaji ɗii ina mbaɗee sahaa e sahaa fof ko goonga e sahaaji goɗɗi tagoore nde hollirtee ko jillondiral miijo hartebeest walla kudu sifaaji e sifaaji aadee. Ko ɗum waɗi naalankaagal Bushman ko haala diine kadi naalanke oo ina etonoo hollirde geɗe goongɗinɗe ko fayti e aduna ruuhu, e geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder ngonkaaji hakkillaaji baylaaɗi e ‘sellinooɓe’ e nder renndo. Limlebbi aadee juutɗi e nder naalankaagal, yeru, ko ngam faamninde jikku juutɗo mo sellinoowo waawi heɓde e nder ŋoral.

Fedde ɗiɗmere yimɓe hoɗɓe e Lapalala ko remooɓe haalooɓe ɗemngal Bantu, remooɓe yontaaji njamndi, hoɗɓe e falndeeji ɗo dolerite rokkata leydi ɓuuɓndi ngam ndema mum en sorgo e millet, e ɗo durngol e ndiyam ina heewi ngam jawdi, baali e be’i. Ɓeen yimɓe mahii gure semi-permanent e gila hedde teeminannde 17ɓiire, kraals kaaƴe ngonti sifaaji maantiniiɗi e dow Lapalala. Remooɓe jamaanu njamndi ina njoginoo golle puɗɗagol sukaaɓe worɓe e nder puberté e pelle sukaaɓe worɓe ina njuɓɓinee e nokkuuji toowɗi, hono no cuuɗi kaaƴe nii, fotde lewru. E nder oon sahaa ɓe taƴata, ɓe njanngina geɗe pinal. E nder ɗeen, maa ɓe njanngu ko fayti e daabaaji lomtiiɓe regimeeji keertiiɗi. Sukaaɓe ɓee noon ina penta ɗeen daabaaji e dow kaaƴe. Ɓe kuutoriima koppi maɓɓe ɓuuɓɗi e loope daneeje, ko ɗum waɗi nate maɓɓe ko ɓadtaade daabaaji tan, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en mbaawaa anndeede. Ngal naalankaagal ‘demoowo’ ina reena ko boni.

Yimɓe ina nguurnoo e Lapalala e jamaanu kaaƴe hakkundeeje sabu kuutorɗe kaaƴe ko adii duuɓi 30 000 ina tawee e cuuɗi keewɗi. Caggal ɗuum ina wayi no wonno ko juuti e golle e jooni jooni alaa ko holliti wonde yimɓe ngartii e Lapalala ko adii ko ina wona duuɓi 1000 jooni.</text>
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      <text bytes="7614" sha1="k94cdfx1bwnzd6ep9jhdolbxb8vsqgo" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Palala''' walla Lephalala, ngo Thomas Baines inniri kadi maayo Rhooebok[3] ko maayo wonngo e Afrik worgo. Ooɗoo nokku ɓuuɓɗo maayo ko ɓuuɓol les maayo Limpopo.

Ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam maantiniindi e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Waterberg e nder diiwaan Limpopo. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓna ko heewi e nokkuuji ladde Lapalala e leyɗeele keewɗe ɓeydaaɗe, ɗe ngonaa hoɗorde teeŋtunde wonande kullon ladde e nder nokkuuji ɗo restoraaji laddeeji keewɗi njokki. Renndo laddeeji joorɗi ɓurɗi heewde e feccere dowri maayo Palala ina hoɗi e kullon ladde mawkon Afrik keewkon ina jeyaa heen Gnu, Giraffe, Rhino White e bovids keewɗi.

Maayo Palala hollitaama ina hollira mbaadi ndiyam toowndi e ndiyam laaɓɗam no feewi, haa teeŋti noon e diiwanuuji ɓurɗi toowde ɗii ; ko nanndi heen cellal biyotik ƴeewtaama ko cellal huutoraade liɗɗi Afrik worgo ngam wonde bio-marker. Nate kaaƴe teskinɗe ko adii taariindi ina ngoodi e dow ŋoral maayo to nokku ladde Lapalala.

== Biota maayo ==
Ina waɗi kullon ladde keewkon hoɗɓe e maayo Palala ina heen liɗɗi, mborosaaji Niil, mborosaaji kaaƴe Afrik e mborosaaji hippopotamus. E nder wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2004 ko faati e cellal maayo ngoo, kollirooji liɗɗi Afrik worgo, Clarias gariepinus, nanngaama e nder nokkuuji ladde Lapalala.[4] Liɗɗi celluɗi worɓe e rewɓe tawaama e nder ŋoral maayo e nder ladde Lapalala, ina hollita teddeendi ɓalli no feewi ko ina tolnoo e 1,1 kiloo ; yanti heen, ndeeɗoo limre liɗɗi ummoriinde e nokkuuji toowɗi maayo Palala tawaama ina woodi mborosaaji, kadi ina woodi bonnugol heeñere.[5] Cellal toowngal ngal ko noon, Lapala toowngal huutoraa e wiztooji garooji zi, hono fedde toppitiinde cellal ngam yerondirde e maayooji Afrik worgo gozzi zi, zi vuri heewde ko vuri heewde e vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol ndema e nder tovo ngo.

== Geoloji e ndiyam ==
Laabi kaaƴe ɗi maayo Palala taƴi ɗii ina mbaɗi jokkondire mawɗe, haa 3 000 meeteer e nder nokkuuji, e ɓuuɓri gonndi e nokkuuji toowɗi, ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji toowɗi ɓooyɗi, teemedde keewɗe kiloomeeteeruuji to fuɗnaange-rewo, tawa ina njuɓɓina e nder weeyo juutngo, duuɓi duuɓi duuɓi hakkunde duuɓi110 salqi. Hisnude ɗeen ɗoon ɓulli ceene ɗi mbaylaaka, tawi ina waɗi seedeeji gadani ɗi oksijen ɓuuɓɗo feeñi e weeyo Leydi adanngo, ko sabu ɗi lelnaama e dow heddiiɓe e ŋoral Kaapvaal gonngal e ŋoral, ngal addani ngal heddaade ko famɗi fof ko aldaa e waylo-waylo (little) e nokku mum (metamorte) mawɗo. Caggal ɗuum, ƴellitaare ɗeen ɓulli, ɗe kawri ko e innde Waterberg Group, addani ɗe waɗde hannde ko ɓuuɓri, toowndi to bannge worgo ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje meeteruuji dow ŋoral taariindi. So tawii won kaaƴe ɓurɗe famɗude meeɗnooɗe jolneede e dow ŋoral Waterberg e nder ndeeɗoo diiwaan, alaa ko heddii e ɗuum. Les ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol ngol ina waɗi kaaƴe ɓuuɓɗe e ɓuuɓɗe duuɓi 2 100 miliyoŋ ɗe nokkuuji goɗɗi ina mbaawi taweede ina njaɓɓoo ɓuuɓol faggudu ko wayi no platinum, nikel, njamndi mboɗeeri e tin ; kono alaa fof ɗo miniraaluuji baɗɗi nafoore faggudu njiytaa, walla ina gasa tawa ina njiytee e nder ɓulli Waterberg ɗi njahrata ko no feewi, ɗi winndunoo.

Ko ɓuri heewde e toɓooli Waterberg ina njogii toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e leydi ndii fof, gila e ko ɓuri 1000mm to bannge worgo haa les 400mm to bannge worgo. Sifaa ɓuuɓɗo mo ɓuuɓol ngol ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓol ngol, e sifaa mum ŋakkeende ɓuuɓol mawngol e nder leydi, firti ko ko ɓuri heewde e toɓooli keɓaaɗi e nder wertallo ngoo, ko ɓooyaani koo, ina ɓuuɓta, tawa ina wallita e ngalu ndiyam les leydi. Nii woni ko Waterberg woni ɓuuɓri maayooji nay mawɗi duumotooɗi, ɗi Palala ɓuri mawnude e maayooji ɗii, ɗiin fof ina njillondiri haa laaɓi to bannge worgo haa e nder Limpopo. Maaje mawɗe goɗɗe ɗee ko Mogalakwena e Mokolo e Matlabas. Sifaa asid kaaƴe ɗee ina addana ndiyam ɗam asid ɓuuɓde e nder leydi hee, ko ɗum waɗi ko ɓuri heewde e majji ina famɗi no feewi, ina famɗi kadi mbaawka nawde. Ina gasa tawa ko luutndii ɗum, ko ndeeɗoo ŋakkere nguura, distrofik e nder leydi, ɓuri saabaade keewal nguurndam toowngal no feewi, ko ɗum sifaa e ŋoral Waterberg.

== Nate kaaƴe ko adii daartol ==
Lapalala ina jogii nokkuuji naalankaagal kaaƴe sappo e tati anndaaɗi, won heen ina ɓadii maayo Lephalala, won heen ina ɓadii maayo Blocklands. Nokkuuji keewɗi pentiraaɗi ɗii ko e nder cuuɗi kaaƴe tokoosi, woɗɓe ina ngoni e dow kaaƴe dime ɗe ɓuuɓɗe. Pelle ɗiɗi ceertuɗe ina nguurnoo e Waterberg e nder duuɓi 1000 jawtuɗi ɗii, pelle ɗiɗi ɗee kala ina njogii naalankaagal e nder rezerw Lapalala.

Bushmen, wuurnooɓe e nguurndam dogooɓe-mooftuɓe, ina peewna ‘fine-line’, naalankaagal diisnondirngal no feewi, kuutortoongal broosuuji baɗaaɗi e gaasa daabaaji, e pentiir boɗeejo e boɗeejo ummoraade e kaaƴe ɓuuɓɗe, keewɗe njamndi (okre) jillondirɗe e ndiyam ko wayi no ndiyam, ƴiiƴam walla ƴiiƴam. Pentol danewol ummoriingol e ndoondi walla e loope, tee ngolɗoo laawol ina reena no feewi so yerondiraama e pentol boɗewol ngol ɓuuɓnata e nder haayre. Naalankaagal Bushman ina hollita mbaydiiji keewɗi, haa teeŋti noon e hartebeest e kudu. Daabaaji ɗii ina mbaɗee sahaa e sahaa fof ko goonga e sahaaji goɗɗi tagoore nde hollirtee ko jillondiral miijo hartebeest walla kudu sifaaji e sifaaji aadee. Ko ɗum waɗi naalankaagal Bushman ko haala diine kadi naalanke oo ina etonoo hollirde geɗe goongɗinɗe ko fayti e aduna ruuhu, e geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder ngonkaaji hakkillaaji baylaaɗi e ‘sellinooɓe’ e nder renndo. Limlebbi aadee juutɗi e nder naalankaagal, yeru, ko ngam faamninde jikku juutɗo mo sellinoowo waawi heɓde e nder ŋoral.

Fedde ɗiɗmere yimɓe hoɗɓe e Lapalala ko remooɓe haalooɓe ɗemngal Bantu, remooɓe yontaaji njamndi, hoɗɓe e falndeeji ɗo dolerite rokkata leydi ɓuuɓndi ngam ndema mum en sorgo e millet, e ɗo durngol e ndiyam ina heewi ngam jawdi, baali e be’i. Ɓeen yimɓe mahii gure semi-permanent e gila hedde teeminannde 17ɓiire, kraals kaaƴe ngonti sifaaji maantiniiɗi e dow Lapalala. Remooɓe jamaanu njamndi ina njoginoo golle puɗɗagol sukaaɓe worɓe e nder puberté e pelle sukaaɓe worɓe ina njuɓɓinee e nokkuuji toowɗi, hono no cuuɗi kaaƴe nii, fotde lewru. E nder oon sahaa ɓe taƴata, ɓe njanngina geɗe pinal. E nder ɗeen, maa ɓe njanngu ko fayti e daabaaji lomtiiɓe regimeeji keertiiɗi. Sukaaɓe ɓee noon ina penta ɗeen daabaaji e dow kaaƴe. Ɓe kuutoriima koppi maɓɓe ɓuuɓɗi e loope daneeje, ko ɗum waɗi nate maɓɓe ko ɓadtaade daabaaji tan, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en mbaawaa anndeede. Ngal naalankaagal ‘demoowo’ ina reena ko boni.

Yimɓe ina nguurnoo e Lapalala e jamaanu kaaƴe hakkundeeje sabu kuutorɗe kaaƴe ko adii duuɓi 30 000 ina tawee e cuuɗi keewɗi. Caggal ɗuum ina wayi no wonno ko juuti e golle e jooni jooni alaa ko holliti wonde yimɓe ngartii e Lapalala ko adii ko ina wona duuɓi 1000 jooni.

== Masiif ndiyam ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo Palala ina rewi e Biosfeer Waterberg, woni ko ina tolnoo e 15 000 kiloomeeteer kaaree. Waterberg woni diiwaan gadano e nder bannge worgo Afrik worgo, mo UNESCO innitiri ɗum « Reserve Biosphère ». Haaƴe mawɗe ɗee mbayliima e teemedde miliyoŋaaji duuɓi ɓuuɓɗi maayo ngam heɓde mbaydiiji keewɗi bluff e butte.[6] Ekosistem oo ina waawi siforeede no ladde ɓuuɓnde walla Bushveld nii. E nder Waterberg ina woodi ko yiytaa e arkewolosi ko fayti e jamaanu kaaƴe, e saraaji mum ko ko yiytaa e ƴellitaare adannde jowitiinde e iwdi aadee.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="7740" sha1="gxw0p2hs3fa66i8tavbbduy4w1hop18" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Palala''' walla Lephalala, ngo Thomas Baines inniri kadi maayo Rhooebok&lt;ref&gt;Kennedy, R.F. (1964) [1961]. Journal of Residence in Africa by Thomas Baines. Van Riebeeck Society, Cape Town. p. 162.&lt;/ref&gt; ko maayo wonngo e Afrik worgo. Ooɗoo nokku ɓuuɓɗo maayo ko ɓuuɓol les maayo Limpopo.

Ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam maantiniindi e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Waterberg e nder diiwaan Limpopo. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓna ko heewi e nokkuuji ladde Lapalala e leyɗeele keewɗe ɓeydaaɗe, ɗe ngonaa hoɗorde teeŋtunde wonande kullon ladde e nder nokkuuji ɗo restoraaji laddeeji keewɗi njokki. Renndo laddeeji joorɗi ɓurɗi heewde e feccere dowri maayo Palala ina hoɗi e kullon ladde mawkon Afrik keewkon ina jeyaa heen Gnu, Giraffe, Rhino White e bovids keewɗi.

Maayo Palala hollitaama ina hollira mbaadi ndiyam toowndi e ndiyam laaɓɗam no feewi, haa teeŋti noon e diiwanuuji ɓurɗi toowde ɗii ; ko nanndi heen cellal biyotik ƴeewtaama ko cellal huutoraade liɗɗi Afrik worgo ngam wonde bio-marker. Nate kaaƴe teskinɗe ko adii taariindi ina ngoodi e dow ŋoral maayo to nokku ladde Lapalala.

== Biota maayo ==
Ina waɗi kullon ladde keewkon hoɗɓe e maayo Palala ina heen liɗɗi, mborosaaji Niil, mborosaaji kaaƴe Afrik e mborosaaji hippopotamus. E nder wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2004 ko faati e cellal maayo ngoo, kollirooji liɗɗi Afrik worgo, Clarias gariepinus, nanngaama e nder nokkuuji ladde Lapalala.[4] Liɗɗi celluɗi worɓe e rewɓe tawaama e nder ŋoral maayo e nder ladde Lapalala, ina hollita teddeendi ɓalli no feewi ko ina tolnoo e 1,1 kiloo ; yanti heen, ndeeɗoo limre liɗɗi ummoriinde e nokkuuji toowɗi maayo Palala tawaama ina woodi mborosaaji, kadi ina woodi bonnugol heeñere.[5] Cellal toowngal ngal ko noon, Lapala toowngal huutoraa e wiztooji garooji zi, hono fedde toppitiinde cellal ngam yerondirde e maayooji Afrik worgo gozzi zi, zi vuri heewde ko vuri heewde e vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol ndema e nder tovo ngo.

== Geoloji e ndiyam ==
Laabi kaaƴe ɗi maayo Palala taƴi ɗii ina mbaɗi jokkondire mawɗe, haa 3 000 meeteer e nder nokkuuji, e ɓuuɓri gonndi e nokkuuji toowɗi, ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji toowɗi ɓooyɗi, teemedde keewɗe kiloomeeteeruuji to fuɗnaange-rewo, tawa ina njuɓɓina e nder weeyo juutngo, duuɓi duuɓi duuɓi hakkunde duuɓi110 salqi. Hisnude ɗeen ɗoon ɓulli ceene ɗi mbaylaaka, tawi ina waɗi seedeeji gadani ɗi oksijen ɓuuɓɗo feeñi e weeyo Leydi adanngo, ko sabu ɗi lelnaama e dow heddiiɓe e ŋoral Kaapvaal gonngal e ŋoral, ngal addani ngal heddaade ko famɗi fof ko aldaa e waylo-waylo (little) e nokku mum (metamorte) mawɗo. Caggal ɗuum, ƴellitaare ɗeen ɓulli, ɗe kawri ko e innde Waterberg Group, addani ɗe waɗde hannde ko ɓuuɓri, toowndi to bannge worgo ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje meeteruuji dow ŋoral taariindi. So tawii won kaaƴe ɓurɗe famɗude meeɗnooɗe jolneede e dow ŋoral Waterberg e nder ndeeɗoo diiwaan, alaa ko heddii e ɗuum. Les ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol ngol ina waɗi kaaƴe ɓuuɓɗe e ɓuuɓɗe duuɓi 2 100 miliyoŋ ɗe nokkuuji goɗɗi ina mbaawi taweede ina njaɓɓoo ɓuuɓol faggudu ko wayi no platinum, nikel, njamndi mboɗeeri e tin ; kono alaa fof ɗo miniraaluuji baɗɗi nafoore faggudu njiytaa, walla ina gasa tawa ina njiytee e nder ɓulli Waterberg ɗi njahrata ko no feewi, ɗi winndunoo.

Ko ɓuri heewde e toɓooli Waterberg ina njogii toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e leydi ndii fof, gila e ko ɓuri 1000mm to bannge worgo haa les 400mm to bannge worgo. Sifaa ɓuuɓɗo mo ɓuuɓol ngol ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓol ngol, e sifaa mum ŋakkeende ɓuuɓol mawngol e nder leydi, firti ko ko ɓuri heewde e toɓooli keɓaaɗi e nder wertallo ngoo, ko ɓooyaani koo, ina ɓuuɓta, tawa ina wallita e ngalu ndiyam les leydi. Nii woni ko Waterberg woni ɓuuɓri maayooji nay mawɗi duumotooɗi, ɗi Palala ɓuri mawnude e maayooji ɗii, ɗiin fof ina njillondiri haa laaɓi to bannge worgo haa e nder Limpopo. Maaje mawɗe goɗɗe ɗee ko Mogalakwena e Mokolo e Matlabas. Sifaa asid kaaƴe ɗee ina addana ndiyam ɗam asid ɓuuɓde e nder leydi hee, ko ɗum waɗi ko ɓuri heewde e majji ina famɗi no feewi, ina famɗi kadi mbaawka nawde. Ina gasa tawa ko luutndii ɗum, ko ndeeɗoo ŋakkere nguura, distrofik e nder leydi, ɓuri saabaade keewal nguurndam toowngal no feewi, ko ɗum sifaa e ŋoral Waterberg.

== Nate kaaƴe ko adii daartol ==
Lapalala ina jogii nokkuuji naalankaagal kaaƴe sappo e tati anndaaɗi, won heen ina ɓadii maayo Lephalala, won heen ina ɓadii maayo Blocklands. Nokkuuji keewɗi pentiraaɗi ɗii ko e nder cuuɗi kaaƴe tokoosi, woɗɓe ina ngoni e dow kaaƴe dime ɗe ɓuuɓɗe. Pelle ɗiɗi ceertuɗe ina nguurnoo e Waterberg e nder duuɓi 1000 jawtuɗi ɗii, pelle ɗiɗi ɗee kala ina njogii naalankaagal e nder rezerw Lapalala.

Bushmen, wuurnooɓe e nguurndam dogooɓe-mooftuɓe, ina peewna ‘fine-line’, naalankaagal diisnondirngal no feewi, kuutortoongal broosuuji baɗaaɗi e gaasa daabaaji, e pentiir boɗeejo e boɗeejo ummoraade e kaaƴe ɓuuɓɗe, keewɗe njamndi (okre) jillondirɗe e ndiyam ko wayi no ndiyam, ƴiiƴam walla ƴiiƴam. Pentol danewol ummoriingol e ndoondi walla e loope, tee ngolɗoo laawol ina reena no feewi so yerondiraama e pentol boɗewol ngol ɓuuɓnata e nder haayre. Naalankaagal Bushman ina hollita mbaydiiji keewɗi, haa teeŋti noon e hartebeest e kudu. Daabaaji ɗii ina mbaɗee sahaa e sahaa fof ko goonga e sahaaji goɗɗi tagoore nde hollirtee ko jillondiral miijo hartebeest walla kudu sifaaji e sifaaji aadee. Ko ɗum waɗi naalankaagal Bushman ko haala diine kadi naalanke oo ina etonoo hollirde geɗe goongɗinɗe ko fayti e aduna ruuhu, e geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder ngonkaaji hakkillaaji baylaaɗi e ‘sellinooɓe’ e nder renndo. Limlebbi aadee juutɗi e nder naalankaagal, yeru, ko ngam faamninde jikku juutɗo mo sellinoowo waawi heɓde e nder ŋoral.

Fedde ɗiɗmere yimɓe hoɗɓe e Lapalala ko remooɓe haalooɓe ɗemngal Bantu, remooɓe yontaaji njamndi, hoɗɓe e falndeeji ɗo dolerite rokkata leydi ɓuuɓndi ngam ndema mum en sorgo e millet, e ɗo durngol e ndiyam ina heewi ngam jawdi, baali e be’i. Ɓeen yimɓe mahii gure semi-permanent e gila hedde teeminannde 17ɓiire, kraals kaaƴe ngonti sifaaji maantiniiɗi e dow Lapalala. Remooɓe jamaanu njamndi ina njoginoo golle puɗɗagol sukaaɓe worɓe e nder puberté e pelle sukaaɓe worɓe ina njuɓɓinee e nokkuuji toowɗi, hono no cuuɗi kaaƴe nii, fotde lewru. E nder oon sahaa ɓe taƴata, ɓe njanngina geɗe pinal. E nder ɗeen, maa ɓe njanngu ko fayti e daabaaji lomtiiɓe regimeeji keertiiɗi. Sukaaɓe ɓee noon ina penta ɗeen daabaaji e dow kaaƴe. Ɓe kuutoriima koppi maɓɓe ɓuuɓɗi e loope daneeje, ko ɗum waɗi nate maɓɓe ko ɓadtaade daabaaji tan, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en mbaawaa anndeede. Ngal naalankaagal ‘demoowo’ ina reena ko boni.

Yimɓe ina nguurnoo e Lapalala e jamaanu kaaƴe hakkundeeje sabu kuutorɗe kaaƴe ko adii duuɓi 30 000 ina tawee e cuuɗi keewɗi. Caggal ɗuum ina wayi no wonno ko juuti e golle e jooni jooni alaa ko holliti wonde yimɓe ngartii e Lapalala ko adii ko ina wona duuɓi 1000 jooni.

== Masiif ndiyam ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo Palala ina rewi e Biosfeer Waterberg, woni ko ina tolnoo e 15 000 kiloomeeteer kaaree. Waterberg woni diiwaan gadano e nder bannge worgo Afrik worgo, mo UNESCO innitiri ɗum « Reserve Biosphère ». Haaƴe mawɗe ɗee mbayliima e teemedde miliyoŋaaji duuɓi ɓuuɓɗi maayo ngam heɓde mbaydiiji keewɗi bluff e butte.[6] Ekosistem oo ina waawi siforeede no ladde ɓuuɓnde walla Bushveld nii. E nder Waterberg ina woodi ko yiytaa e arkewolosi ko fayti e jamaanu kaaƴe, e saraaji mum ko ko yiytaa e ƴellitaare adannde jowitiinde e iwdi aadee.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="7945" sha1="hyu78je5oheuibbz98ltg9hl292vzly" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Palala''' walla Lephalala, ngo Thomas Baines inniri kadi maayo Rhooebok&lt;ref&gt;Kennedy, R.F. (1964) [1961]. Journal of Residence in Africa by Thomas Baines. Van Riebeeck Society, Cape Town. p. 162.&lt;/ref&gt; ko maayo wonngo e Afrik worgo. Ooɗoo nokku ɓuuɓɗo maayo ko ɓuuɓol les maayo Limpopo.

Ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam maantiniindi e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Waterberg e nder diiwaan Limpopo. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓna ko heewi e nokkuuji ladde Lapalala e leyɗeele keewɗe ɓeydaaɗe, ɗe ngonaa hoɗorde teeŋtunde wonande kullon ladde e nder nokkuuji ɗo restoraaji laddeeji keewɗi njokki. Renndo laddeeji joorɗi ɓurɗi heewde e feccere dowri maayo Palala ina hoɗi e kullon ladde mawkon Afrik keewkon ina jeyaa heen Gnu, Giraffe, Rhino White e bovids keewɗi.

Maayo Palala hollitaama ina hollira mbaadi ndiyam toowndi e ndiyam laaɓɗam no feewi, haa teeŋti noon e diiwanuuji ɓurɗi toowde ɗii ; ko nanndi heen cellal biyotik ƴeewtaama ko cellal huutoraade liɗɗi Afrik worgo ngam wonde bio-marker. Nate kaaƴe teskinɗe ko adii taariindi ina ngoodi e dow ŋoral maayo to nokku ladde Lapalala.

== Biota maayo ==
Ina waɗi kullon ladde keewkon hoɗɓe e maayo Palala ina heen liɗɗi, mborosaaji Niil, mborosaaji kaaƴe Afrik e mborosaaji hippopotamus. E nder wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2004 ko faati e cellal maayo ngoo, kollirooji liɗɗi Afrik worgo, Clarias gariepinus, nanngaama e nder nokkuuji ladde Lapalala.&lt;ref&gt;Maxwell Barson, Endoparasites of the sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), from the Rietvlei Dam, Sesmyl Spruit system, South Africa., Masters thesis, University of Johannesburg (2004)&lt;/ref&gt; Liɗɗi celluɗi worɓe e rewɓe tawaama e nder ŋoral maayo e nder ladde Lapalala, ina hollita teddeendi ɓalli no feewi ko ina tolnoo e 1,1 kiloo ; yanti heen, ndeeɗoo limre liɗɗi ummoriinde e nokkuuji toowɗi maayo Palala tawaama ina woodi mborosaaji, kadi ina woodi bonnugol heeñere.[5] Cellal toowngal ngal ko noon, Lapala toowngal huutoraa e wiztooji garooji zi, hono fedde toppitiinde cellal ngam yerondirde e maayooji Afrik worgo gozzi zi, zi vuri heewde ko vuri heewde e vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol ndema e nder tovo ngo.

== Geoloji e ndiyam ==
Laabi kaaƴe ɗi maayo Palala taƴi ɗii ina mbaɗi jokkondire mawɗe, haa 3 000 meeteer e nder nokkuuji, e ɓuuɓri gonndi e nokkuuji toowɗi, ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji toowɗi ɓooyɗi, teemedde keewɗe kiloomeeteeruuji to fuɗnaange-rewo, tawa ina njuɓɓina e nder weeyo juutngo, duuɓi duuɓi duuɓi hakkunde duuɓi110 salqi. Hisnude ɗeen ɗoon ɓulli ceene ɗi mbaylaaka, tawi ina waɗi seedeeji gadani ɗi oksijen ɓuuɓɗo feeñi e weeyo Leydi adanngo, ko sabu ɗi lelnaama e dow heddiiɓe e ŋoral Kaapvaal gonngal e ŋoral, ngal addani ngal heddaade ko famɗi fof ko aldaa e waylo-waylo (little) e nokku mum (metamorte) mawɗo. Caggal ɗuum, ƴellitaare ɗeen ɓulli, ɗe kawri ko e innde Waterberg Group, addani ɗe waɗde hannde ko ɓuuɓri, toowndi to bannge worgo ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje meeteruuji dow ŋoral taariindi. So tawii won kaaƴe ɓurɗe famɗude meeɗnooɗe jolneede e dow ŋoral Waterberg e nder ndeeɗoo diiwaan, alaa ko heddii e ɗuum. Les ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol ngol ina waɗi kaaƴe ɓuuɓɗe e ɓuuɓɗe duuɓi 2 100 miliyoŋ ɗe nokkuuji goɗɗi ina mbaawi taweede ina njaɓɓoo ɓuuɓol faggudu ko wayi no platinum, nikel, njamndi mboɗeeri e tin ; kono alaa fof ɗo miniraaluuji baɗɗi nafoore faggudu njiytaa, walla ina gasa tawa ina njiytee e nder ɓulli Waterberg ɗi njahrata ko no feewi, ɗi winndunoo.

Ko ɓuri heewde e toɓooli Waterberg ina njogii toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e leydi ndii fof, gila e ko ɓuri 1000mm to bannge worgo haa les 400mm to bannge worgo. Sifaa ɓuuɓɗo mo ɓuuɓol ngol ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓol ngol, e sifaa mum ŋakkeende ɓuuɓol mawngol e nder leydi, firti ko ko ɓuri heewde e toɓooli keɓaaɗi e nder wertallo ngoo, ko ɓooyaani koo, ina ɓuuɓta, tawa ina wallita e ngalu ndiyam les leydi. Nii woni ko Waterberg woni ɓuuɓri maayooji nay mawɗi duumotooɗi, ɗi Palala ɓuri mawnude e maayooji ɗii, ɗiin fof ina njillondiri haa laaɓi to bannge worgo haa e nder Limpopo. Maaje mawɗe goɗɗe ɗee ko Mogalakwena e Mokolo e Matlabas. Sifaa asid kaaƴe ɗee ina addana ndiyam ɗam asid ɓuuɓde e nder leydi hee, ko ɗum waɗi ko ɓuri heewde e majji ina famɗi no feewi, ina famɗi kadi mbaawka nawde. Ina gasa tawa ko luutndii ɗum, ko ndeeɗoo ŋakkere nguura, distrofik e nder leydi, ɓuri saabaade keewal nguurndam toowngal no feewi, ko ɗum sifaa e ŋoral Waterberg.

== Nate kaaƴe ko adii daartol ==
Lapalala ina jogii nokkuuji naalankaagal kaaƴe sappo e tati anndaaɗi, won heen ina ɓadii maayo Lephalala, won heen ina ɓadii maayo Blocklands. Nokkuuji keewɗi pentiraaɗi ɗii ko e nder cuuɗi kaaƴe tokoosi, woɗɓe ina ngoni e dow kaaƴe dime ɗe ɓuuɓɗe. Pelle ɗiɗi ceertuɗe ina nguurnoo e Waterberg e nder duuɓi 1000 jawtuɗi ɗii, pelle ɗiɗi ɗee kala ina njogii naalankaagal e nder rezerw Lapalala.

Bushmen, wuurnooɓe e nguurndam dogooɓe-mooftuɓe, ina peewna ‘fine-line’, naalankaagal diisnondirngal no feewi, kuutortoongal broosuuji baɗaaɗi e gaasa daabaaji, e pentiir boɗeejo e boɗeejo ummoraade e kaaƴe ɓuuɓɗe, keewɗe njamndi (okre) jillondirɗe e ndiyam ko wayi no ndiyam, ƴiiƴam walla ƴiiƴam. Pentol danewol ummoriingol e ndoondi walla e loope, tee ngolɗoo laawol ina reena no feewi so yerondiraama e pentol boɗewol ngol ɓuuɓnata e nder haayre. Naalankaagal Bushman ina hollita mbaydiiji keewɗi, haa teeŋti noon e hartebeest e kudu. Daabaaji ɗii ina mbaɗee sahaa e sahaa fof ko goonga e sahaaji goɗɗi tagoore nde hollirtee ko jillondiral miijo hartebeest walla kudu sifaaji e sifaaji aadee. Ko ɗum waɗi naalankaagal Bushman ko haala diine kadi naalanke oo ina etonoo hollirde geɗe goongɗinɗe ko fayti e aduna ruuhu, e geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder ngonkaaji hakkillaaji baylaaɗi e ‘sellinooɓe’ e nder renndo. Limlebbi aadee juutɗi e nder naalankaagal, yeru, ko ngam faamninde jikku juutɗo mo sellinoowo waawi heɓde e nder ŋoral.

Fedde ɗiɗmere yimɓe hoɗɓe e Lapalala ko remooɓe haalooɓe ɗemngal Bantu, remooɓe yontaaji njamndi, hoɗɓe e falndeeji ɗo dolerite rokkata leydi ɓuuɓndi ngam ndema mum en sorgo e millet, e ɗo durngol e ndiyam ina heewi ngam jawdi, baali e be’i. Ɓeen yimɓe mahii gure semi-permanent e gila hedde teeminannde 17ɓiire, kraals kaaƴe ngonti sifaaji maantiniiɗi e dow Lapalala. Remooɓe jamaanu njamndi ina njoginoo golle puɗɗagol sukaaɓe worɓe e nder puberté e pelle sukaaɓe worɓe ina njuɓɓinee e nokkuuji toowɗi, hono no cuuɗi kaaƴe nii, fotde lewru. E nder oon sahaa ɓe taƴata, ɓe njanngina geɗe pinal. E nder ɗeen, maa ɓe njanngu ko fayti e daabaaji lomtiiɓe regimeeji keertiiɗi. Sukaaɓe ɓee noon ina penta ɗeen daabaaji e dow kaaƴe. Ɓe kuutoriima koppi maɓɓe ɓuuɓɗi e loope daneeje, ko ɗum waɗi nate maɓɓe ko ɓadtaade daabaaji tan, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en mbaawaa anndeede. Ngal naalankaagal ‘demoowo’ ina reena ko boni.

Yimɓe ina nguurnoo e Lapalala e jamaanu kaaƴe hakkundeeje sabu kuutorɗe kaaƴe ko adii duuɓi 30 000 ina tawee e cuuɗi keewɗi. Caggal ɗuum ina wayi no wonno ko juuti e golle e jooni jooni alaa ko holliti wonde yimɓe ngartii e Lapalala ko adii ko ina wona duuɓi 1000 jooni.

== Masiif ndiyam ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo Palala ina rewi e Biosfeer Waterberg, woni ko ina tolnoo e 15 000 kiloomeeteer kaaree. Waterberg woni diiwaan gadano e nder bannge worgo Afrik worgo, mo UNESCO innitiri ɗum « Reserve Biosphère ». Haaƴe mawɗe ɗee mbayliima e teemedde miliyoŋaaji duuɓi ɓuuɓɗi maayo ngam heɓde mbaydiiji keewɗi bluff e butte.[6] Ekosistem oo ina waawi siforeede no ladde ɓuuɓnde walla Bushveld nii. E nder Waterberg ina woodi ko yiytaa e arkewolosi ko fayti e jamaanu kaaƴe, e saraaji mum ko ko yiytaa e ƴellitaare adannde jowitiinde e iwdi aadee.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="8018" sha1="cp3s7ij9w4l87elfsjyt4kxy3d8nxb2" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Palala''' walla Lephalala, ngo Thomas Baines inniri kadi maayo Rhooebok&lt;ref&gt;Kennedy, R.F. (1964) [1961]. Journal of Residence in Africa by Thomas Baines. Van Riebeeck Society, Cape Town. p. 162.&lt;/ref&gt; ko maayo wonngo e Afrik worgo. Ooɗoo nokku ɓuuɓɗo maayo ko ɓuuɓol les maayo Limpopo.

Ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam maantiniindi e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Waterberg e nder diiwaan Limpopo. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓna ko heewi e nokkuuji ladde Lapalala e leyɗeele keewɗe ɓeydaaɗe, ɗe ngonaa hoɗorde teeŋtunde wonande kullon ladde e nder nokkuuji ɗo restoraaji laddeeji keewɗi njokki. Renndo laddeeji joorɗi ɓurɗi heewde e feccere dowri maayo Palala ina hoɗi e kullon ladde mawkon Afrik keewkon ina jeyaa heen Gnu, Giraffe, Rhino White e bovids keewɗi.

Maayo Palala hollitaama ina hollira mbaadi ndiyam toowndi e ndiyam laaɓɗam no feewi, haa teeŋti noon e diiwanuuji ɓurɗi toowde ɗii ; ko nanndi heen cellal biyotik ƴeewtaama ko cellal huutoraade liɗɗi Afrik worgo ngam wonde bio-marker. Nate kaaƴe teskinɗe ko adii taariindi ina ngoodi e dow ŋoral maayo to nokku ladde Lapalala.

== Biota maayo ==
Ina waɗi kullon ladde keewkon hoɗɓe e maayo Palala ina heen liɗɗi, mborosaaji Niil, mborosaaji kaaƴe Afrik e mborosaaji hippopotamus. E nder wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2004 ko faati e cellal maayo ngoo, kollirooji liɗɗi Afrik worgo, Clarias gariepinus, nanngaama e nder nokkuuji ladde Lapalala.&lt;ref&gt;Maxwell Barson, Endoparasites of the sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), from the Rietvlei Dam, Sesmyl Spruit system, South Africa., Masters thesis, University of Johannesburg (2004)&lt;/ref&gt; Liɗɗi celluɗi worɓe e rewɓe tawaama e nder ŋoral maayo e nder ladde Lapalala, ina hollita teddeendi ɓalli no feewi ko ina tolnoo e 1,1 kiloo ; yanti heen, ndeeɗoo limre liɗɗi ummoriinde e nokkuuji toowɗi maayo Palala tawaama ina woodi mborosaaji, kadi ina woodi bonnugol heeñere.&lt;ref&gt;University of Johannesburg Palala River analysis of C. Gariepinus&lt;/ref&gt; Cellal toowngal ngal ko noon, Lapala toowngal huutoraa e wiztooji garooji zi, hono fedde toppitiinde cellal ngam yerondirde e maayooji Afrik worgo gozzi zi, zi vuri heewde ko vuri heewde e vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol ndema e nder tovo ngo.

== Geoloji e ndiyam ==
Laabi kaaƴe ɗi maayo Palala taƴi ɗii ina mbaɗi jokkondire mawɗe, haa 3 000 meeteer e nder nokkuuji, e ɓuuɓri gonndi e nokkuuji toowɗi, ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji toowɗi ɓooyɗi, teemedde keewɗe kiloomeeteeruuji to fuɗnaange-rewo, tawa ina njuɓɓina e nder weeyo juutngo, duuɓi duuɓi duuɓi hakkunde duuɓi110 salqi. Hisnude ɗeen ɗoon ɓulli ceene ɗi mbaylaaka, tawi ina waɗi seedeeji gadani ɗi oksijen ɓuuɓɗo feeñi e weeyo Leydi adanngo, ko sabu ɗi lelnaama e dow heddiiɓe e ŋoral Kaapvaal gonngal e ŋoral, ngal addani ngal heddaade ko famɗi fof ko aldaa e waylo-waylo (little) e nokku mum (metamorte) mawɗo. Caggal ɗuum, ƴellitaare ɗeen ɓulli, ɗe kawri ko e innde Waterberg Group, addani ɗe waɗde hannde ko ɓuuɓri, toowndi to bannge worgo ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje meeteruuji dow ŋoral taariindi. So tawii won kaaƴe ɓurɗe famɗude meeɗnooɗe jolneede e dow ŋoral Waterberg e nder ndeeɗoo diiwaan, alaa ko heddii e ɗuum. Les ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol ngol ina waɗi kaaƴe ɓuuɓɗe e ɓuuɓɗe duuɓi 2 100 miliyoŋ ɗe nokkuuji goɗɗi ina mbaawi taweede ina njaɓɓoo ɓuuɓol faggudu ko wayi no platinum, nikel, njamndi mboɗeeri e tin ; kono alaa fof ɗo miniraaluuji baɗɗi nafoore faggudu njiytaa, walla ina gasa tawa ina njiytee e nder ɓulli Waterberg ɗi njahrata ko no feewi, ɗi winndunoo.

Ko ɓuri heewde e toɓooli Waterberg ina njogii toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e leydi ndii fof, gila e ko ɓuri 1000mm to bannge worgo haa les 400mm to bannge worgo. Sifaa ɓuuɓɗo mo ɓuuɓol ngol ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓol ngol, e sifaa mum ŋakkeende ɓuuɓol mawngol e nder leydi, firti ko ko ɓuri heewde e toɓooli keɓaaɗi e nder wertallo ngoo, ko ɓooyaani koo, ina ɓuuɓta, tawa ina wallita e ngalu ndiyam les leydi. Nii woni ko Waterberg woni ɓuuɓri maayooji nay mawɗi duumotooɗi, ɗi Palala ɓuri mawnude e maayooji ɗii, ɗiin fof ina njillondiri haa laaɓi to bannge worgo haa e nder Limpopo. Maaje mawɗe goɗɗe ɗee ko Mogalakwena e Mokolo e Matlabas. Sifaa asid kaaƴe ɗee ina addana ndiyam ɗam asid ɓuuɓde e nder leydi hee, ko ɗum waɗi ko ɓuri heewde e majji ina famɗi no feewi, ina famɗi kadi mbaawka nawde. Ina gasa tawa ko luutndii ɗum, ko ndeeɗoo ŋakkere nguura, distrofik e nder leydi, ɓuri saabaade keewal nguurndam toowngal no feewi, ko ɗum sifaa e ŋoral Waterberg.

== Nate kaaƴe ko adii daartol ==
Lapalala ina jogii nokkuuji naalankaagal kaaƴe sappo e tati anndaaɗi, won heen ina ɓadii maayo Lephalala, won heen ina ɓadii maayo Blocklands. Nokkuuji keewɗi pentiraaɗi ɗii ko e nder cuuɗi kaaƴe tokoosi, woɗɓe ina ngoni e dow kaaƴe dime ɗe ɓuuɓɗe. Pelle ɗiɗi ceertuɗe ina nguurnoo e Waterberg e nder duuɓi 1000 jawtuɗi ɗii, pelle ɗiɗi ɗee kala ina njogii naalankaagal e nder rezerw Lapalala.

Bushmen, wuurnooɓe e nguurndam dogooɓe-mooftuɓe, ina peewna ‘fine-line’, naalankaagal diisnondirngal no feewi, kuutortoongal broosuuji baɗaaɗi e gaasa daabaaji, e pentiir boɗeejo e boɗeejo ummoraade e kaaƴe ɓuuɓɗe, keewɗe njamndi (okre) jillondirɗe e ndiyam ko wayi no ndiyam, ƴiiƴam walla ƴiiƴam. Pentol danewol ummoriingol e ndoondi walla e loope, tee ngolɗoo laawol ina reena no feewi so yerondiraama e pentol boɗewol ngol ɓuuɓnata e nder haayre. Naalankaagal Bushman ina hollita mbaydiiji keewɗi, haa teeŋti noon e hartebeest e kudu. Daabaaji ɗii ina mbaɗee sahaa e sahaa fof ko goonga e sahaaji goɗɗi tagoore nde hollirtee ko jillondiral miijo hartebeest walla kudu sifaaji e sifaaji aadee. Ko ɗum waɗi naalankaagal Bushman ko haala diine kadi naalanke oo ina etonoo hollirde geɗe goongɗinɗe ko fayti e aduna ruuhu, e geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder ngonkaaji hakkillaaji baylaaɗi e ‘sellinooɓe’ e nder renndo. Limlebbi aadee juutɗi e nder naalankaagal, yeru, ko ngam faamninde jikku juutɗo mo sellinoowo waawi heɓde e nder ŋoral.

Fedde ɗiɗmere yimɓe hoɗɓe e Lapalala ko remooɓe haalooɓe ɗemngal Bantu, remooɓe yontaaji njamndi, hoɗɓe e falndeeji ɗo dolerite rokkata leydi ɓuuɓndi ngam ndema mum en sorgo e millet, e ɗo durngol e ndiyam ina heewi ngam jawdi, baali e be’i. Ɓeen yimɓe mahii gure semi-permanent e gila hedde teeminannde 17ɓiire, kraals kaaƴe ngonti sifaaji maantiniiɗi e dow Lapalala. Remooɓe jamaanu njamndi ina njoginoo golle puɗɗagol sukaaɓe worɓe e nder puberté e pelle sukaaɓe worɓe ina njuɓɓinee e nokkuuji toowɗi, hono no cuuɗi kaaƴe nii, fotde lewru. E nder oon sahaa ɓe taƴata, ɓe njanngina geɗe pinal. E nder ɗeen, maa ɓe njanngu ko fayti e daabaaji lomtiiɓe regimeeji keertiiɗi. Sukaaɓe ɓee noon ina penta ɗeen daabaaji e dow kaaƴe. Ɓe kuutoriima koppi maɓɓe ɓuuɓɗi e loope daneeje, ko ɗum waɗi nate maɓɓe ko ɓadtaade daabaaji tan, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en mbaawaa anndeede. Ngal naalankaagal ‘demoowo’ ina reena ko boni.

Yimɓe ina nguurnoo e Lapalala e jamaanu kaaƴe hakkundeeje sabu kuutorɗe kaaƴe ko adii duuɓi 30 000 ina tawee e cuuɗi keewɗi. Caggal ɗuum ina wayi no wonno ko juuti e golle e jooni jooni alaa ko holliti wonde yimɓe ngartii e Lapalala ko adii ko ina wona duuɓi 1000 jooni.

== Masiif ndiyam ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo Palala ina rewi e Biosfeer Waterberg, woni ko ina tolnoo e 15 000 kiloomeeteer kaaree. Waterberg woni diiwaan gadano e nder bannge worgo Afrik worgo, mo UNESCO innitiri ɗum « Reserve Biosphère ». Haaƴe mawɗe ɗee mbayliima e teemedde miliyoŋaaji duuɓi ɓuuɓɗi maayo ngam heɓde mbaydiiji keewɗi bluff e butte.[6] Ekosistem oo ina waawi siforeede no ladde ɓuuɓnde walla Bushveld nii. E nder Waterberg ina woodi ko yiytaa e arkewolosi ko fayti e jamaanu kaaƴe, e saraaji mum ko ko yiytaa e ƴellitaare adannde jowitiinde e iwdi aadee.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="8191" sha1="fljeubqou3pt2770nohq26e1nx4kkih" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Palala''' walla Lephalala, ngo Thomas Baines inniri kadi maayo Rhooebok&lt;ref&gt;Kennedy, R.F. (1964) [1961]. Journal of Residence in Africa by Thomas Baines. Van Riebeeck Society, Cape Town. p. 162.&lt;/ref&gt; ko maayo wonngo e Afrik worgo. Ooɗoo nokku ɓuuɓɗo maayo ko ɓuuɓol les maayo Limpopo.

Ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam maantiniindi e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Waterberg e nder diiwaan Limpopo. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓna ko heewi e nokkuuji ladde Lapalala e leyɗeele keewɗe ɓeydaaɗe, ɗe ngonaa hoɗorde teeŋtunde wonande kullon ladde e nder nokkuuji ɗo restoraaji laddeeji keewɗi njokki. Renndo laddeeji joorɗi ɓurɗi heewde e feccere dowri maayo Palala ina hoɗi e kullon ladde mawkon Afrik keewkon ina jeyaa heen Gnu, Giraffe, Rhino White e bovids keewɗi.

Maayo Palala hollitaama ina hollira mbaadi ndiyam toowndi e ndiyam laaɓɗam no feewi, haa teeŋti noon e diiwanuuji ɓurɗi toowde ɗii ; ko nanndi heen cellal biyotik ƴeewtaama ko cellal huutoraade liɗɗi Afrik worgo ngam wonde bio-marker. Nate kaaƴe teskinɗe ko adii taariindi ina ngoodi e dow ŋoral maayo to nokku ladde Lapalala.

== Biota maayo ==
Ina waɗi kullon ladde keewkon hoɗɓe e maayo Palala ina heen liɗɗi, mborosaaji Niil, mborosaaji kaaƴe Afrik e mborosaaji hippopotamus. E nder wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2004 ko faati e cellal maayo ngoo, kollirooji liɗɗi Afrik worgo, Clarias gariepinus, nanngaama e nder nokkuuji ladde Lapalala.&lt;ref&gt;Maxwell Barson, Endoparasites of the sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), from the Rietvlei Dam, Sesmyl Spruit system, South Africa., Masters thesis, University of Johannesburg (2004)&lt;/ref&gt; Liɗɗi celluɗi worɓe e rewɓe tawaama e nder ŋoral maayo e nder ladde Lapalala, ina hollita teddeendi ɓalli no feewi ko ina tolnoo e 1,1 kiloo ; yanti heen, ndeeɗoo limre liɗɗi ummoriinde e nokkuuji toowɗi maayo Palala tawaama ina woodi mborosaaji, kadi ina woodi bonnugol heeñere.&lt;ref&gt;University of Johannesburg Palala River analysis of C. Gariepinus&lt;/ref&gt; Cellal toowngal ngal ko noon, Lapala toowngal huutoraa e wiztooji garooji zi, hono fedde toppitiinde cellal ngam yerondirde e maayooji Afrik worgo gozzi zi, zi vuri heewde ko vuri heewde e vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol ndema e nder tovo ngo.

== Geoloji e ndiyam ==
Laabi kaaƴe ɗi maayo Palala taƴi ɗii ina mbaɗi jokkondire mawɗe, haa 3 000 meeteer e nder nokkuuji, e ɓuuɓri gonndi e nokkuuji toowɗi, ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji toowɗi ɓooyɗi, teemedde keewɗe kiloomeeteeruuji to fuɗnaange-rewo, tawa ina njuɓɓina e nder weeyo juutngo, duuɓi duuɓi duuɓi hakkunde duuɓi110 salqi. Hisnude ɗeen ɗoon ɓulli ceene ɗi mbaylaaka, tawi ina waɗi seedeeji gadani ɗi oksijen ɓuuɓɗo feeñi e weeyo Leydi adanngo, ko sabu ɗi lelnaama e dow heddiiɓe e ŋoral Kaapvaal gonngal e ŋoral, ngal addani ngal heddaade ko famɗi fof ko aldaa e waylo-waylo (little) e nokku mum (metamorte) mawɗo. Caggal ɗuum, ƴellitaare ɗeen ɓulli, ɗe kawri ko e innde Waterberg Group, addani ɗe waɗde hannde ko ɓuuɓri, toowndi to bannge worgo ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje meeteruuji dow ŋoral taariindi. So tawii won kaaƴe ɓurɗe famɗude meeɗnooɗe jolneede e dow ŋoral Waterberg e nder ndeeɗoo diiwaan, alaa ko heddii e ɗuum. Les ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol ngol ina waɗi kaaƴe ɓuuɓɗe e ɓuuɓɗe duuɓi 2 100 miliyoŋ ɗe nokkuuji goɗɗi ina mbaawi taweede ina njaɓɓoo ɓuuɓol faggudu ko wayi no platinum, nikel, njamndi mboɗeeri e tin ; kono alaa fof ɗo miniraaluuji baɗɗi nafoore faggudu njiytaa, walla ina gasa tawa ina njiytee e nder ɓulli Waterberg ɗi njahrata ko no feewi, ɗi winndunoo.

Ko ɓuri heewde e toɓooli Waterberg ina njogii toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e leydi ndii fof, gila e ko ɓuri 1000mm to bannge worgo haa les 400mm to bannge worgo. Sifaa ɓuuɓɗo mo ɓuuɓol ngol ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓol ngol, e sifaa mum ŋakkeende ɓuuɓol mawngol e nder leydi, firti ko ko ɓuri heewde e toɓooli keɓaaɗi e nder wertallo ngoo, ko ɓooyaani koo, ina ɓuuɓta, tawa ina wallita e ngalu ndiyam les leydi. Nii woni ko Waterberg woni ɓuuɓri maayooji nay mawɗi duumotooɗi, ɗi Palala ɓuri mawnude e maayooji ɗii, ɗiin fof ina njillondiri haa laaɓi to bannge worgo haa e nder Limpopo. Maaje mawɗe goɗɗe ɗee ko Mogalakwena e Mokolo e Matlabas. Sifaa asid kaaƴe ɗee ina addana ndiyam ɗam asid ɓuuɓde e nder leydi hee, ko ɗum waɗi ko ɓuri heewde e majji ina famɗi no feewi, ina famɗi kadi mbaawka nawde. Ina gasa tawa ko luutndii ɗum, ko ndeeɗoo ŋakkere nguura, distrofik e nder leydi, ɓuri saabaade keewal nguurndam toowngal no feewi, ko ɗum sifaa e ŋoral Waterberg.

== Nate kaaƴe ko adii daartol ==
Lapalala ina jogii nokkuuji naalankaagal kaaƴe sappo e tati anndaaɗi, won heen ina ɓadii maayo Lephalala, won heen ina ɓadii maayo Blocklands. Nokkuuji keewɗi pentiraaɗi ɗii ko e nder cuuɗi kaaƴe tokoosi, woɗɓe ina ngoni e dow kaaƴe dime ɗe ɓuuɓɗe. Pelle ɗiɗi ceertuɗe ina nguurnoo e Waterberg e nder duuɓi 1000 jawtuɗi ɗii, pelle ɗiɗi ɗee kala ina njogii naalankaagal e nder rezerw Lapalala.

[[File:Lapalala farmer art.jpg|alt=&quot;Lapalala farmer art&quot; at Lapalala Wilderness in South Africa.|&quot;Lapalala farmer art&quot; at Lapalala Wilderness in South Africa.|left|thumb]]

Bushmen, wuurnooɓe e nguurndam dogooɓe-mooftuɓe, ina peewna ‘fine-line’, naalankaagal diisnondirngal no feewi, kuutortoongal broosuuji baɗaaɗi e gaasa daabaaji, e pentiir boɗeejo e boɗeejo ummoraade e kaaƴe ɓuuɓɗe, keewɗe njamndi (okre) jillondirɗe e ndiyam ko wayi no ndiyam, ƴiiƴam walla ƴiiƴam. Pentol danewol ummoriingol e ndoondi walla e loope, tee ngolɗoo laawol ina reena no feewi so yerondiraama e pentol boɗewol ngol ɓuuɓnata e nder haayre. Naalankaagal Bushman ina hollita mbaydiiji keewɗi, haa teeŋti noon e hartebeest e kudu. Daabaaji ɗii ina mbaɗee sahaa e sahaa fof ko goonga e sahaaji goɗɗi tagoore nde hollirtee ko jillondiral miijo hartebeest walla kudu sifaaji e sifaaji aadee. Ko ɗum waɗi naalankaagal Bushman ko haala diine kadi naalanke oo ina etonoo hollirde geɗe goongɗinɗe ko fayti e aduna ruuhu, e geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder ngonkaaji hakkillaaji baylaaɗi e ‘sellinooɓe’ e nder renndo. Limlebbi aadee juutɗi e nder naalankaagal, yeru, ko ngam faamninde jikku juutɗo mo sellinoowo waawi heɓde e nder ŋoral.

Fedde ɗiɗmere yimɓe hoɗɓe e Lapalala ko remooɓe haalooɓe ɗemngal Bantu, remooɓe yontaaji njamndi, hoɗɓe e falndeeji ɗo dolerite rokkata leydi ɓuuɓndi ngam ndema mum en sorgo e millet, e ɗo durngol e ndiyam ina heewi ngam jawdi, baali e be’i. Ɓeen yimɓe mahii gure semi-permanent e gila hedde teeminannde 17ɓiire, kraals kaaƴe ngonti sifaaji maantiniiɗi e dow Lapalala. Remooɓe jamaanu njamndi ina njoginoo golle puɗɗagol sukaaɓe worɓe e nder puberté e pelle sukaaɓe worɓe ina njuɓɓinee e nokkuuji toowɗi, hono no cuuɗi kaaƴe nii, fotde lewru. E nder oon sahaa ɓe taƴata, ɓe njanngina geɗe pinal. E nder ɗeen, maa ɓe njanngu ko fayti e daabaaji lomtiiɓe regimeeji keertiiɗi. Sukaaɓe ɓee noon ina penta ɗeen daabaaji e dow kaaƴe. Ɓe kuutoriima koppi maɓɓe ɓuuɓɗi e loope daneeje, ko ɗum waɗi nate maɓɓe ko ɓadtaade daabaaji tan, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en mbaawaa anndeede. Ngal naalankaagal ‘demoowo’ ina reena ko boni.

Yimɓe ina nguurnoo e Lapalala e jamaanu kaaƴe hakkundeeje sabu kuutorɗe kaaƴe ko adii duuɓi 30 000 ina tawee e cuuɗi keewɗi. Caggal ɗuum ina wayi no wonno ko juuti e golle e jooni jooni alaa ko holliti wonde yimɓe ngartii e Lapalala ko adii ko ina wona duuɓi 1000 jooni.

== Masiif ndiyam ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo Palala ina rewi e Biosfeer Waterberg, woni ko ina tolnoo e 15 000 kiloomeeteer kaaree. Waterberg woni diiwaan gadano e nder bannge worgo Afrik worgo, mo UNESCO innitiri ɗum « Reserve Biosphère ». Haaƴe mawɗe ɗee mbayliima e teemedde miliyoŋaaji duuɓi ɓuuɓɗi maayo ngam heɓde mbaydiiji keewɗi bluff e butte.[6] Ekosistem oo ina waawi siforeede no ladde ɓuuɓnde walla Bushveld nii. E nder Waterberg ina woodi ko yiytaa e arkewolosi ko fayti e jamaanu kaaƴe, e saraaji mum ko ko yiytaa e ƴellitaare adannde jowitiinde e iwdi aadee.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="8424" sha1="dc6f94wgn6f9dzdddt3yfdlvtr1cvrv" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Palala''' walla Lephalala, ngo Thomas Baines inniri kadi maayo Rhooebok&lt;ref&gt;Kennedy, R.F. (1964) [1961]. Journal of Residence in Africa by Thomas Baines. Van Riebeeck Society, Cape Town. p. 162.&lt;/ref&gt; ko maayo wonngo e Afrik worgo. Ooɗoo nokku ɓuuɓɗo maayo ko ɓuuɓol les maayo Limpopo.

Ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam maantiniindi e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Waterberg e nder diiwaan Limpopo. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓna ko heewi e nokkuuji ladde Lapalala e leyɗeele keewɗe ɓeydaaɗe, ɗe ngonaa hoɗorde teeŋtunde wonande kullon ladde e nder nokkuuji ɗo restoraaji laddeeji keewɗi njokki. Renndo laddeeji joorɗi ɓurɗi heewde e feccere dowri maayo Palala ina hoɗi e kullon ladde mawkon Afrik keewkon ina jeyaa heen Gnu, Giraffe, Rhino White e bovids keewɗi.

Maayo Palala hollitaama ina hollira mbaadi ndiyam toowndi e ndiyam laaɓɗam no feewi, haa teeŋti noon e diiwanuuji ɓurɗi toowde ɗii ; ko nanndi heen cellal biyotik ƴeewtaama ko cellal huutoraade liɗɗi Afrik worgo ngam wonde bio-marker. Nate kaaƴe teskinɗe ko adii taariindi ina ngoodi e dow ŋoral maayo to nokku ladde Lapalala.

== Biota maayo ==
Ina waɗi kullon ladde keewkon hoɗɓe e maayo Palala ina heen liɗɗi, mborosaaji Niil, mborosaaji kaaƴe Afrik e mborosaaji hippopotamus. E nder wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2004 ko faati e cellal maayo ngoo, kollirooji liɗɗi Afrik worgo, Clarias gariepinus, nanngaama e nder nokkuuji ladde Lapalala.&lt;ref&gt;Maxwell Barson, Endoparasites of the sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), from the Rietvlei Dam, Sesmyl Spruit system, South Africa., Masters thesis, University of Johannesburg (2004)&lt;/ref&gt; Liɗɗi celluɗi worɓe e rewɓe tawaama e nder ŋoral maayo e nder ladde Lapalala, ina hollita teddeendi ɓalli no feewi ko ina tolnoo e 1,1 kiloo ; yanti heen, ndeeɗoo limre liɗɗi ummoriinde e nokkuuji toowɗi maayo Palala tawaama ina woodi mborosaaji, kadi ina woodi bonnugol heeñere.&lt;ref&gt;University of Johannesburg Palala River analysis of C. Gariepinus&lt;/ref&gt; Cellal toowngal ngal ko noon, Lapala toowngal huutoraa e wiztooji garooji zi, hono fedde toppitiinde cellal ngam yerondirde e maayooji Afrik worgo gozzi zi, zi vuri heewde ko vuri heewde e vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol ndema e nder tovo ngo.

== Geoloji e ndiyam ==
Laabi kaaƴe ɗi maayo Palala taƴi ɗii ina mbaɗi jokkondire mawɗe, haa 3 000 meeteer e nder nokkuuji, e ɓuuɓri gonndi e nokkuuji toowɗi, ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji toowɗi ɓooyɗi, teemedde keewɗe kiloomeeteeruuji to fuɗnaange-rewo, tawa ina njuɓɓina e nder weeyo juutngo, duuɓi duuɓi duuɓi hakkunde duuɓi110 salqi. Hisnude ɗeen ɗoon ɓulli ceene ɗi mbaylaaka, tawi ina waɗi seedeeji gadani ɗi oksijen ɓuuɓɗo feeñi e weeyo Leydi adanngo, ko sabu ɗi lelnaama e dow heddiiɓe e ŋoral Kaapvaal gonngal e ŋoral, ngal addani ngal heddaade ko famɗi fof ko aldaa e waylo-waylo (little) e nokku mum (metamorte) mawɗo. Caggal ɗuum, ƴellitaare ɗeen ɓulli, ɗe kawri ko e innde Waterberg Group, addani ɗe waɗde hannde ko ɓuuɓri, toowndi to bannge worgo ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje meeteruuji dow ŋoral taariindi. So tawii won kaaƴe ɓurɗe famɗude meeɗnooɗe jolneede e dow ŋoral Waterberg e nder ndeeɗoo diiwaan, alaa ko heddii e ɗuum. Les ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol ngol ina waɗi kaaƴe ɓuuɓɗe e ɓuuɓɗe duuɓi 2 100 miliyoŋ ɗe nokkuuji goɗɗi ina mbaawi taweede ina njaɓɓoo ɓuuɓol faggudu ko wayi no platinum, nikel, njamndi mboɗeeri e tin ; kono alaa fof ɗo miniraaluuji baɗɗi nafoore faggudu njiytaa, walla ina gasa tawa ina njiytee e nder ɓulli Waterberg ɗi njahrata ko no feewi, ɗi winndunoo.

Ko ɓuri heewde e toɓooli Waterberg ina njogii toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e leydi ndii fof, gila e ko ɓuri 1000mm to bannge worgo haa les 400mm to bannge worgo. Sifaa ɓuuɓɗo mo ɓuuɓol ngol ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓol ngol, e sifaa mum ŋakkeende ɓuuɓol mawngol e nder leydi, firti ko ko ɓuri heewde e toɓooli keɓaaɗi e nder wertallo ngoo, ko ɓooyaani koo, ina ɓuuɓta, tawa ina wallita e ngalu ndiyam les leydi. Nii woni ko Waterberg woni ɓuuɓri maayooji nay mawɗi duumotooɗi, ɗi Palala ɓuri mawnude e maayooji ɗii, ɗiin fof ina njillondiri haa laaɓi to bannge worgo haa e nder Limpopo. Maaje mawɗe goɗɗe ɗee ko Mogalakwena e Mokolo e Matlabas. Sifaa asid kaaƴe ɗee ina addana ndiyam ɗam asid ɓuuɓde e nder leydi hee, ko ɗum waɗi ko ɓuri heewde e majji ina famɗi no feewi, ina famɗi kadi mbaawka nawde. Ina gasa tawa ko luutndii ɗum, ko ndeeɗoo ŋakkere nguura, distrofik e nder leydi, ɓuri saabaade keewal nguurndam toowngal no feewi, ko ɗum sifaa e ŋoral Waterberg.

== Nate kaaƴe ko adii daartol ==
Lapalala ina jogii nokkuuji naalankaagal kaaƴe sappo e tati anndaaɗi, won heen ina ɓadii maayo Lephalala, won heen ina ɓadii maayo Blocklands. Nokkuuji keewɗi pentiraaɗi ɗii ko e nder cuuɗi kaaƴe tokoosi, woɗɓe ina ngoni e dow kaaƴe dime ɗe ɓuuɓɗe. Pelle ɗiɗi ceertuɗe ina nguurnoo e Waterberg e nder duuɓi 1000 jawtuɗi ɗii, pelle ɗiɗi ɗee kala ina njogii naalankaagal e nder rezerw Lapalala.

[[File:Lapalala farmer art.jpg|alt=&quot;Lapalala farmer art&quot; at Lapalala Wilderness in South Africa.|&quot;Lapalala farmer art&quot; at Lapalala Wilderness in South Africa.|left|thumb]]

Bushmen, wuurnooɓe e nguurndam dogooɓe-mooftuɓe, ina peewna ‘fine-line’, naalankaagal diisnondirngal no feewi, kuutortoongal broosuuji baɗaaɗi e gaasa daabaaji, e pentiir boɗeejo e boɗeejo ummoraade e kaaƴe ɓuuɓɗe, keewɗe njamndi (okre) jillondirɗe e ndiyam ko wayi no ndiyam, ƴiiƴam walla ƴiiƴam. Pentol danewol ummoriingol e ndoondi walla e loope, tee ngolɗoo laawol ina reena no feewi so yerondiraama e pentol boɗewol ngol ɓuuɓnata e nder haayre. Naalankaagal Bushman ina hollita mbaydiiji keewɗi, haa teeŋti noon e hartebeest e kudu. Daabaaji ɗii ina mbaɗee sahaa e sahaa fof ko goonga e sahaaji goɗɗi tagoore nde hollirtee ko jillondiral miijo hartebeest walla kudu sifaaji e sifaaji aadee. Ko ɗum waɗi naalankaagal Bushman ko haala diine kadi naalanke oo ina etonoo hollirde geɗe goongɗinɗe ko fayti e aduna ruuhu, e geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder ngonkaaji hakkillaaji baylaaɗi e ‘sellinooɓe’ e nder renndo. Limlebbi aadee juutɗi e nder naalankaagal, yeru, ko ngam faamninde jikku juutɗo mo sellinoowo waawi heɓde e nder ŋoral.
[[File:&quot;Lapalala hartebeest&quot; at Lapalala Wilderness in South Africa. Photo credit- Lyne Wadley.jpg|alt=&quot;Lapalala hartebeest&quot; at Lapalala Wilderness in South Africa|thumb|&quot;Lapalala hartebeest&quot; at Lapalala Wilderness in South Africa]]

Fedde ɗiɗmere yimɓe hoɗɓe e Lapalala ko remooɓe haalooɓe ɗemngal Bantu, remooɓe yontaaji njamndi, hoɗɓe e falndeeji ɗo dolerite rokkata leydi ɓuuɓndi ngam ndema mum en sorgo e millet, e ɗo durngol e ndiyam ina heewi ngam jawdi, baali e be’i. Ɓeen yimɓe mahii gure semi-permanent e gila hedde teeminannde 17ɓiire, kraals kaaƴe ngonti sifaaji maantiniiɗi e dow Lapalala. Remooɓe jamaanu njamndi ina njoginoo golle puɗɗagol sukaaɓe worɓe e nder puberté e pelle sukaaɓe worɓe ina njuɓɓinee e nokkuuji toowɗi, hono no cuuɗi kaaƴe nii, fotde lewru. E nder oon sahaa ɓe taƴata, ɓe njanngina geɗe pinal. E nder ɗeen, maa ɓe njanngu ko fayti e daabaaji lomtiiɓe regimeeji keertiiɗi. Sukaaɓe ɓee noon ina penta ɗeen daabaaji e dow kaaƴe. Ɓe kuutoriima koppi maɓɓe ɓuuɓɗi e loope daneeje, ko ɗum waɗi nate maɓɓe ko ɓadtaade daabaaji tan, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en mbaawaa anndeede. Ngal naalankaagal ‘demoowo’ ina reena ko boni.

Yimɓe ina nguurnoo e Lapalala e jamaanu kaaƴe hakkundeeje sabu kuutorɗe kaaƴe ko adii duuɓi 30 000 ina tawee e cuuɗi keewɗi. Caggal ɗuum ina wayi no wonno ko juuti e golle e jooni jooni alaa ko holliti wonde yimɓe ngartii e Lapalala ko adii ko ina wona duuɓi 1000 jooni.

== Masiif ndiyam ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo Palala ina rewi e Biosfeer Waterberg, woni ko ina tolnoo e 15 000 kiloomeeteer kaaree. Waterberg woni diiwaan gadano e nder bannge worgo Afrik worgo, mo UNESCO innitiri ɗum « Reserve Biosphère ». Haaƴe mawɗe ɗee mbayliima e teemedde miliyoŋaaji duuɓi ɓuuɓɗi maayo ngam heɓde mbaydiiji keewɗi bluff e butte.[6] Ekosistem oo ina waawi siforeede no ladde ɓuuɓnde walla Bushveld nii. E nder Waterberg ina woodi ko yiytaa e arkewolosi ko fayti e jamaanu kaaƴe, e saraaji mum ko ko yiytaa e ƴellitaare adannde jowitiinde e iwdi aadee.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="8437" sha1="46fxjtt1cw37oi7ogz4nozjazx9kqs1" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Maayo Palala''' walla Lephalala, ngo Thomas Baines inniri kadi maayo Rhooebok&lt;ref&gt;Kennedy, R.F. (1964) [1961]. Journal of Residence in Africa by Thomas Baines. Van Riebeeck Society, Cape Town. p. 162.&lt;/ref&gt; ko maayo wonngo e Afrik worgo. Ooɗoo nokku ɓuuɓɗo maayo ko ɓuuɓol les maayo Limpopo.

Ko ɓuuɓri ndiyam maantiniindi e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Waterberg e nder diiwaan Limpopo. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓna ko heewi e nokkuuji ladde Lapalala e leyɗeele keewɗe ɓeydaaɗe, ɗe ngonaa hoɗorde teeŋtunde wonande kullon ladde e nder nokkuuji ɗo restoraaji laddeeji keewɗi njokki. Renndo laddeeji joorɗi ɓurɗi heewde e feccere dowri maayo Palala ina hoɗi e kullon ladde mawkon Afrik keewkon ina jeyaa heen Gnu, Giraffe, Rhino White e bovids keewɗi.

Maayo Palala hollitaama ina hollira mbaadi ndiyam toowndi e ndiyam laaɓɗam no feewi, haa teeŋti noon e diiwanuuji ɓurɗi toowde ɗii ; ko nanndi heen cellal biyotik ƴeewtaama ko cellal huutoraade liɗɗi Afrik worgo ngam wonde bio-marker. Nate kaaƴe teskinɗe ko adii taariindi ina ngoodi e dow ŋoral maayo to nokku ladde Lapalala.

== Biota maayo ==
Ina waɗi kullon ladde keewkon hoɗɓe e maayo Palala ina heen liɗɗi, mborosaaji Niil, mborosaaji kaaƴe Afrik e mborosaaji hippopotamus. E nder wiɗto waɗaango e hitaande 2004 ko faati e cellal maayo ngoo, kollirooji liɗɗi Afrik worgo, Clarias gariepinus, nanngaama e nder nokkuuji ladde Lapalala.&lt;ref&gt;Maxwell Barson, Endoparasites of the sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), from the Rietvlei Dam, Sesmyl Spruit system, South Africa., Masters thesis, University of Johannesburg (2004)&lt;/ref&gt; Liɗɗi celluɗi worɓe e rewɓe tawaama e nder ŋoral maayo e nder ladde Lapalala, ina hollita teddeendi ɓalli no feewi ko ina tolnoo e 1,1 kiloo ; yanti heen, ndeeɗoo limre liɗɗi ummoriinde e nokkuuji toowɗi maayo Palala tawaama ina woodi mborosaaji, kadi ina woodi bonnugol heeñere.&lt;ref&gt;University of Johannesburg Palala River analysis of C. Gariepinus&lt;/ref&gt; Cellal toowngal ngal ko noon, Lapala toowngal huutoraa e wiztooji garooji zi, hono fedde toppitiinde cellal ngam yerondirde e maayooji Afrik worgo gozzi zi, zi vuri heewde ko vuri heewde e vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol ndema e nder tovo ngo.

== Geoloji e ndiyam ==
Laabi kaaƴe ɗi maayo Palala taƴi ɗii ina mbaɗi jokkondire mawɗe, haa 3 000 meeteer e nder nokkuuji, e ɓuuɓri gonndi e nokkuuji toowɗi, ummoriiɗi e nokkuuji toowɗi ɓooyɗi, teemedde keewɗe kiloomeeteeruuji to fuɗnaange-rewo, tawa ina njuɓɓina e nder weeyo juutngo, duuɓi duuɓi duuɓi hakkunde duuɓi110 salqi. Hisnude ɗeen ɗoon ɓulli ceene ɗi mbaylaaka, tawi ina waɗi seedeeji gadani ɗi oksijen ɓuuɓɗo feeñi e weeyo Leydi adanngo, ko sabu ɗi lelnaama e dow heddiiɓe e ŋoral Kaapvaal gonngal e ŋoral, ngal addani ngal heddaade ko famɗi fof ko aldaa e waylo-waylo (little) e nokku mum (metamorte) mawɗo. Caggal ɗuum, ƴellitaare ɗeen ɓulli, ɗe kawri ko e innde Waterberg Group, addani ɗe waɗde hannde ko ɓuuɓri, toowndi to bannge worgo ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje meeteruuji dow ŋoral taariindi. So tawii won kaaƴe ɓurɗe famɗude meeɗnooɗe jolneede e dow ŋoral Waterberg e nder ndeeɗoo diiwaan, alaa ko heddii e ɗuum. Les ɓuuɓol ɓuuɓngol ngol ina waɗi kaaƴe ɓuuɓɗe e ɓuuɓɗe duuɓi 2 100 miliyoŋ ɗe nokkuuji goɗɗi ina mbaawi taweede ina njaɓɓoo ɓuuɓol faggudu ko wayi no platinum, nikel, njamndi mboɗeeri e tin ; kono alaa fof ɗo miniraaluuji baɗɗi nafoore faggudu njiytaa, walla ina gasa tawa ina njiytee e nder ɓulli Waterberg ɗi njahrata ko no feewi, ɗi winndunoo.

Ko ɓuri heewde e toɓooli Waterberg ina njogii toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e leydi ndii fof, gila e ko ɓuri 1000mm to bannge worgo haa les 400mm to bannge worgo. Sifaa ɓuuɓɗo mo ɓuuɓol ngol ɓuri heewde e ɓuuɓol ngol, e sifaa mum ŋakkeende ɓuuɓol mawngol e nder leydi, firti ko ko ɓuri heewde e toɓooli keɓaaɗi e nder wertallo ngoo, ko ɓooyaani koo, ina ɓuuɓta, tawa ina wallita e ngalu ndiyam les leydi. Nii woni ko Waterberg woni ɓuuɓri maayooji nay mawɗi duumotooɗi, ɗi Palala ɓuri mawnude e maayooji ɗii, ɗiin fof ina njillondiri haa laaɓi to bannge worgo haa e nder Limpopo. Maaje mawɗe goɗɗe ɗee ko Mogalakwena e Mokolo e Matlabas. Sifaa asid kaaƴe ɗee ina addana ndiyam ɗam asid ɓuuɓde e nder leydi hee, ko ɗum waɗi ko ɓuri heewde e majji ina famɗi no feewi, ina famɗi kadi mbaawka nawde. Ina gasa tawa ko luutndii ɗum, ko ndeeɗoo ŋakkere nguura, distrofik e nder leydi, ɓuri saabaade keewal nguurndam toowngal no feewi, ko ɗum sifaa e ŋoral Waterberg.

== Nate kaaƴe ko adii daartol ==
Lapalala ina jogii nokkuuji naalankaagal kaaƴe sappo e tati anndaaɗi, won heen ina ɓadii maayo Lephalala, won heen ina ɓadii maayo Blocklands. Nokkuuji keewɗi pentiraaɗi ɗii ko e nder cuuɗi kaaƴe tokoosi, woɗɓe ina ngoni e dow kaaƴe dime ɗe ɓuuɓɗe. Pelle ɗiɗi ceertuɗe ina nguurnoo e Waterberg e nder duuɓi 1000 jawtuɗi ɗii, pelle ɗiɗi ɗee kala ina njogii naalankaagal e nder rezerw Lapalala.

[[File:Lapalala farmer art.jpg|alt=&quot;Lapalala farmer art&quot; at Lapalala Wilderness in South Africa.|&quot;Lapalala farmer art&quot; at Lapalala Wilderness in South Africa.|left|thumb]]

Bushmen, wuurnooɓe e nguurndam dogooɓe-mooftuɓe, ina peewna ‘fine-line’, naalankaagal diisnondirngal no feewi, kuutortoongal broosuuji baɗaaɗi e gaasa daabaaji, e pentiir boɗeejo e boɗeejo ummoraade e kaaƴe ɓuuɓɗe, keewɗe njamndi (okre) jillondirɗe e ndiyam ko wayi no ndiyam, ƴiiƴam walla ƴiiƴam. Pentol danewol ummoriingol e ndoondi walla e loope, tee ngolɗoo laawol ina reena no feewi so yerondiraama e pentol boɗewol ngol ɓuuɓnata e nder haayre. Naalankaagal Bushman ina hollita mbaydiiji keewɗi, haa teeŋti noon e hartebeest e kudu. Daabaaji ɗii ina mbaɗee sahaa e sahaa fof ko goonga e sahaaji goɗɗi tagoore nde hollirtee ko jillondiral miijo hartebeest walla kudu sifaaji e sifaaji aadee. Ko ɗum waɗi naalankaagal Bushman ko haala diine kadi naalanke oo ina etonoo hollirde geɗe goongɗinɗe ko fayti e aduna ruuhu, e geɗe baɗɗe faayiida e nder ngonkaaji hakkillaaji baylaaɗi e ‘sellinooɓe’ e nder renndo. Limlebbi aadee juutɗi e nder naalankaagal, yeru, ko ngam faamninde jikku juutɗo mo sellinoowo waawi heɓde e nder ŋoral.
[[File:&quot;Lapalala hartebeest&quot; at Lapalala Wilderness in South Africa. Photo credit- Lyne Wadley.jpg|alt=&quot;Lapalala hartebeest&quot; at Lapalala Wilderness in South Africa|thumb|&quot;Lapalala hartebeest&quot; at Lapalala Wilderness in South Africa]]

Fedde ɗiɗmere yimɓe hoɗɓe e Lapalala ko remooɓe haalooɓe ɗemngal Bantu, remooɓe yontaaji njamndi, hoɗɓe e falndeeji ɗo dolerite rokkata leydi ɓuuɓndi ngam ndema mum en sorgo e millet, e ɗo durngol e ndiyam ina heewi ngam jawdi, baali e be’i. Ɓeen yimɓe mahii gure semi-permanent e gila hedde teeminannde 17ɓiire, kraals kaaƴe ngonti sifaaji maantiniiɗi e dow Lapalala. Remooɓe jamaanu njamndi ina njoginoo golle puɗɗagol sukaaɓe worɓe e nder puberté e pelle sukaaɓe worɓe ina njuɓɓinee e nokkuuji toowɗi, hono no cuuɗi kaaƴe nii, fotde lewru. E nder oon sahaa ɓe taƴata, ɓe njanngina geɗe pinal. E nder ɗeen, maa ɓe njanngu ko fayti e daabaaji lomtiiɓe regimeeji keertiiɗi. Sukaaɓe ɓee noon ina penta ɗeen daabaaji e dow kaaƴe. Ɓe kuutoriima koppi maɓɓe ɓuuɓɗi e loope daneeje, ko ɗum waɗi nate maɓɓe ko ɓadtaade daabaaji tan, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en mbaawaa anndeede. Ngal naalankaagal ‘demoowo’ ina reena ko boni.

Yimɓe ina nguurnoo e Lapalala e jamaanu kaaƴe hakkundeeje sabu kuutorɗe kaaƴe ko adii duuɓi 30 000 ina tawee e cuuɗi keewɗi. Caggal ɗuum ina wayi no wonno ko juuti e golle e jooni jooni alaa ko holliti wonde yimɓe ngartii e Lapalala ko adii ko ina wona duuɓi 1000 jooni.

== Masiif ndiyam ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo Palala ina rewi e Biosfeer Waterberg, woni ko ina tolnoo e 15 000 kiloomeeteer kaaree. Waterberg woni diiwaan gadano e nder bannge worgo Afrik worgo, mo UNESCO innitiri ɗum « Reserve Biosphère ». Haaƴe mawɗe ɗee mbayliima e teemedde miliyoŋaaji duuɓi ɓuuɓɗi maayo ngam heɓde mbaydiiji keewɗi bluff e butte.[6] Ekosistem oo ina waawi siforeede no ladde ɓuuɓnde walla Bushveld nii. E nder Waterberg ina woodi ko yiytaa e arkewolosi ko fayti e jamaanu kaaƴe, e saraaji mum ko ko yiytaa e ƴellitaare adannde jowitiinde e iwdi aadee.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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    <title>Ayo Rosiji</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Databox}}Mawɗo '''Ayotunde Rosiji''' (24 feebariyee 1917 – 31 sulyee 2000) ko politikaajo leydi Najeriya, o woniino jaagorgal cellal e jaagorgal humpito.  ==Nguurndam== O jibinaa ko to Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun, ñalnde 24 feebariyee 1917, e nder galle polis Egba. Rosiji janngi haa janngirde lesdi Christ Church, Abeokuta, nden boo janngirde grammar Ibadan e janngirde laamu, Ibadan, ngam jangirde hakkundeere. O janngi kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Yaba, o heɓi ɗ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="893" sha1="awnhvb4qve80nk7mwtyp86wh43c4611" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Mawɗo '''Ayotunde Rosiji''' (24 feebariyee 1917 – 31 sulyee 2000) ko politikaajo leydi Najeriya, o woniino jaagorgal cellal e jaagorgal humpito.

==Nguurndam==
O jibinaa ko to Abeokuta, to diiwaan Ogun, ñalnde 24 feebariyee 1917, e nder galle polis Egba. Rosiji janngi haa janngirde lesdi Christ Church, Abeokuta, nden boo janngirde grammar Ibadan e janngirde laamu, Ibadan, ngam jangirde hakkundeere. O janngi kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Yaba, o heɓi ɗoon seedantaagal injenieer siwil. Caggal ɗuum o yahi caggal leydi ngam janngude dipolomaaji sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde London to Londres, Angalteer caggal nde o golli to Shell Nigeria, o woni injenieer. Nde o arti leydi Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e sosɓe fedde Action Group.
==Nguurndam neɗɗo===
Oloye Rosiji maayi ko ñalnde 31 lewru juko hitaande 2000. O resii Gbemisola Rosiji (nee Mann).[1]

==Tuugnorgal==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>174763</id>
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        <username>MOIBARDE</username>
        <id>10068</id>
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      <comment>Add link and references</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1233" sha1="efjp70l4sc92x0zu98xhpvsr4wwu3qx" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Mawɗo '''Ayotunde Rosiji''' (24 feebariyee 1917 – 31 sulyee 2000) ko politikaajo leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], o woniino jaagorgal cellal e jaagorgal humpito.

==Nguurndam==
O jibinaa ko to [[Abeokuta]], to [[diiwaan Ogun]], ñalnde 24 feebariyee 1917, e nder galle polis Egba. Rosiji janngi haa janngirde lesdi ''Christ Church'', [[Abeokuta]], nden boo janngirde grammar [[Ibadan]] e janngirde laamu, [[Ibadan]], ngam jangirde hakkundeere. O janngi kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Yaba]], o heɓi ɗoon seedantaagal injenieer siwil. Caggal ɗuum o yahi caggal leydi ngam janngude dipolomaaji sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[London]] to Londres, Angalteer caggal nde o golli to ''Shell Nigeria'', o woni injenieer. Nde o arti leydi [[Naajeeriya]], o jeyaa ko e sosɓe fedde ''Action Group''.
==Nguurndam neɗɗo==
Oloye Rosiji maayi ko ñalnde 31 lewru juko hitaande 2000. O resii Gbemisola Rosiji (nee Mann).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2015-05-15|title=A Tribute To Gbemisola Rosiji (1926–2015)|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/a-tribute-to-gbemisola-rosiji-1926-2015/|access-date=2023-12-14|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|location=Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tuugnorgal==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>174765</id>
      <parentid>174763</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-20T06:05:08Z</timestamp>
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        <username>MOIBARDE</username>
        <id>10068</id>
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      <comment>i add category</comment>
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      <text bytes="1276" sha1="mrak8pfb2rk1pmtvfsbumwmho6r2oiy" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Mawɗo '''Ayotunde Rosiji''' (24 feebariyee 1917 – 31 sulyee 2000) ko politikaajo leydi [[Naajeeriya|Najeriya]], o woniino jaagorgal cellal e jaagorgal humpito.

==Nguurndam==
O jibinaa ko to [[Abeokuta]], to [[diiwaan Ogun]], ñalnde 24 feebariyee 1917, e nder galle polis Egba. Rosiji janngi haa janngirde lesdi ''Christ Church'', [[Abeokuta]], nden boo janngirde grammar [[Ibadan]] e janngirde laamu, [[Ibadan]], ngam jangirde hakkundeere. O janngi kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[Yaba]], o heɓi ɗoon seedantaagal injenieer siwil. Caggal ɗuum o yahi caggal leydi ngam janngude dipolomaaji sariya to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde [[London]] to Londres, Angalteer caggal nde o golli to ''Shell Nigeria'', o woni injenieer. Nde o arti leydi [[Naajeeriya]], o jeyaa ko e sosɓe fedde ''Action Group''.
==Nguurndam neɗɗo==
Oloye Rosiji maayi ko ñalnde 31 [[lewru]] juko hitaande 2000. O resii Gbemisola Rosiji (nee Mann).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2015-05-15|title=A Tribute To Gbemisola Rosiji (1926–2015)|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/a-tribute-to-gbemisola-rosiji-1926-2015/|access-date=2023-12-14|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|location=Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tuugnorgal==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Naajeeriya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Maayo Steenbras</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.[1] Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wur...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1170" sha1="cwxw3t8pywpushsq90atyrjnddn7hzc" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.[1] Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.[2] Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.[1] Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.[3]</text>
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      <text bytes="1949" sha1="dz8zcn1myh9al8wmkqwhpic9wa9javc" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.[1] Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.[2] Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.[1] Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.[3]

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.[3] Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.[4]

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.[3] Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.[5]</text>
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      <text bytes="2718" sha1="4s96hgyaggyuc7vi4ggkonviodwmffj" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.[1] Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.[2] Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.[1] Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.[3]

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.[3] Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.[4]

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.[3] Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.[5]

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.[3] Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.[3] Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.[6]

== Kalite ndiyam ==</text>
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      <text bytes="4153" sha1="9s9qnu02m2ucrvuiagbkriwynzux864" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.[1] Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.[2] Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.[1] Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.[3]

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.[3] Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.[4]

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.[3] Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.[5]

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.[3] Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.[3] Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.[6]

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.[1] Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.[3][7][1] Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.[8]

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.[9] Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.[7]

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5][10]</text>
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      <text bytes="5768" sha1="7y3isxuzarp30ghqozdxxpgphd9nfx0" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.[1] Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.[2] Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.[1] Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.[3]

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.[3] Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.[4]

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.[3] Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.[5]

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.[3] Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.[3] Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.[6]

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.[1] Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.[3][7][1] Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.[8]

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.[9] Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.[7]

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5][10]

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.[11] Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.[1] Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.[2] Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.[1] Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.[3]

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.[3] Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.[4]

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.[3] Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.[5]

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.[3] Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.[3] Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.[6]

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.[1] Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.[3][7][1] Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.[8]

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.[9] Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.[7]

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5][10]

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.[11] Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.[1] Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.[2] Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.[1] Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.[3]

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.[3] Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.[4]

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.[3] Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.[5]

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.[3] Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.[3] Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.[6]

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.[1] Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.[3][7][1] Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.[8]

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.[9] Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.[7]

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5][10]

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.[11] Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.[2] Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.[1] Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.[3]

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.[3] Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.[4]

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.[3] Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.[5]

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.[3] Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.[3] Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.[6]

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.[1] Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.[3][7][1] Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.[8]

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.[9] Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.[7]

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5][10]

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.[11] Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.[1] Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.[3]

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.[3] Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.[4]

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.[3] Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.[5]

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.[3] Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.[3] Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.[6]

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.[1] Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.[3][7][1] Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.[8]

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.[9] Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.[7]

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5][10]

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.[11] Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.[3]

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.[3] Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.[4]

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.[3] Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.[5]

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.[3] Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.[3] Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.[6]

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.[1] Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.[3][7][1] Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.[8]

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.[9] Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.[7]

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5][10]

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.[11] Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.[3] Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.[4]

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.[3] Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.[5]

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.[3] Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.[3] Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.[6]

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.[1] Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.[3][7][1] Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.[8]

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.[9] Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.[7]

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5][10]

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.[11] Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.[4]

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.[3] Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.[5]

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.[3] Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.[3] Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.[6]

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.[1] Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.[3][7][1] Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.[8]

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.[9] Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.[7]

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5][10]

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.[11] Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.[4]

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.[3] Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.[5]

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.[3] Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.[3] Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.[6]

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.[3][7][1] Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.[8]

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.[9] Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.[7]

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5][10]

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.[11] Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.[4]

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.[3] Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.[5]

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.[3] Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.[3] Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.[6]

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.[3][7]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.[8]

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.[9] Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.[7]

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5][10]

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.[11] Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.[4]

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.[3] Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.[5]

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.[3] Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.[3] Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.[6]

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;[7]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.[8]

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.[9] Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.[7]

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5][10]

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.[11] Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.[4]

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.[3] Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.[5]

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.[3] Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.[6]

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;[7]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.[8]

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.[9] Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.[7]

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5][10]

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.[11] Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.[4]

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.[5]

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.[3] Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.[6]

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;[7]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.[8]

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.[9] Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.[7]

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5][10]

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.[11] Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.&lt;ref&gt;Macknick, J. (18 September 2018). &quot;Thirsty Cities Drill for Water&quot;. Circle of Blue. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.[5]

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.[3] Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.[6]

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;[7]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.[8]

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.[9] Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.[7]

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5][10]

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.[11] Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.&lt;ref&gt;Macknick, J. (18 September 2018). &quot;Thirsty Cities Drill for Water&quot;. Circle of Blue. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Rapid Reserves: Steenbras, Pombers, and Kromme Rivers&quot; (PDF). Feasibility Study into the Potential Development of Further Surface Water Supply Schemes for the Western Cape. Department of Water and Sanitation. 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.[3] Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.[6]

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;[7]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.[8]

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.[9] Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.[7]

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5][10]

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.[11] Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.&lt;ref&gt;Macknick, J. (18 September 2018). &quot;Thirsty Cities Drill for Water&quot;. Circle of Blue. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Rapid Reserves: Steenbras, Pombers, and Kromme Rivers&quot; (PDF). Feasibility Study into the Potential Development of Further Surface Water Supply Schemes for the Western Cape. Department of Water and Sanitation. 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.[3] Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras&quot;. South African Estuary Information System. South African Environmental Observation Network. 2025. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;[7]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.[8]

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.[9] Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.[7]

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5][10]

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.[11] Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.&lt;ref&gt;Macknick, J. (18 September 2018). &quot;Thirsty Cities Drill for Water&quot;. Circle of Blue. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Rapid Reserves: Steenbras, Pombers, and Kromme Rivers&quot; (PDF). Feasibility Study into the Potential Development of Further Surface Water Supply Schemes for the Western Cape. Department of Water and Sanitation. 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras&quot;. South African Estuary Information System. South African Environmental Observation Network. 2025. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;[7]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.[8]

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.[9] Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.[7]

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5][10]

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.[11] Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.&lt;ref&gt;Macknick, J. (18 September 2018). &quot;Thirsty Cities Drill for Water&quot;. Circle of Blue. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Rapid Reserves: Steenbras, Pombers, and Kromme Rivers&quot; (PDF). Feasibility Study into the Potential Development of Further Surface Water Supply Schemes for the Western Cape. Department of Water and Sanitation. 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras&quot;. South African Estuary Information System. South African Environmental Observation Network. 2025. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Murray, Tony; Brown, Cate; Dollar, Evan; Day, Jenny; Beuster, Hans; Haskins, Candice; Boucher, Charlie; Turpie, Jane; Wood, Julia; Thompson, Martin; Lamberth, Steve; van Niekerk, Lara; Impson, Dean; Magoba, Rembu; Petersen, Chantel; Davey, Denis; Noffke, Mandy; Hay, Rowena; Hartnady, Chris; Ewart-Smith, Justine; Burger, Marius; Fairburn, Emily; Ractliffe, Geordie; Day, Liz; Luger, Mike; Lannas, Katy; Ndiitwani-Nyamande, Tovhowani (2009). Brown, Cate; Magoba, Rembu (eds.). Rivers and Wetlands of Cape Town (Part 1) (PDF). Project No: K5/1691 (Report). Water Research Commission. pp. 1–178&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.[8]

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.[9] Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.[7]

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5][10]

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.[11] Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.&lt;ref&gt;Macknick, J. (18 September 2018). &quot;Thirsty Cities Drill for Water&quot;. Circle of Blue. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Rapid Reserves: Steenbras, Pombers, and Kromme Rivers&quot; (PDF). Feasibility Study into the Potential Development of Further Surface Water Supply Schemes for the Western Cape. Department of Water and Sanitation. 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras&quot;. South African Estuary Information System. South African Environmental Observation Network. 2025. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Murray, Tony; Brown, Cate; Dollar, Evan; Day, Jenny; Beuster, Hans; Haskins, Candice; Boucher, Charlie; Turpie, Jane; Wood, Julia; Thompson, Martin; Lamberth, Steve; van Niekerk, Lara; Impson, Dean; Magoba, Rembu; Petersen, Chantel; Davey, Denis; Noffke, Mandy; Hay, Rowena; Hartnady, Chris; Ewart-Smith, Justine; Burger, Marius; Fairburn, Emily; Ractliffe, Geordie; Day, Liz; Luger, Mike; Lannas, Katy; Ndiitwani-Nyamande, Tovhowani (2009). Brown, Cate; Magoba, Rembu (eds.). Rivers and Wetlands of Cape Town (Part 1) (PDF). Project No: K5/1691 (Report). Water Research Commission. pp. 1–178&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ecological monitoring at Steenbras&quot;. Umvoto Africa. 13 September 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.[9] Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.[7]

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5][10]

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.[11] Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.&lt;ref&gt;Macknick, J. (18 September 2018). &quot;Thirsty Cities Drill for Water&quot;. Circle of Blue. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Rapid Reserves: Steenbras, Pombers, and Kromme Rivers&quot; (PDF). Feasibility Study into the Potential Development of Further Surface Water Supply Schemes for the Western Cape. Department of Water and Sanitation. 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras&quot;. South African Estuary Information System. South African Environmental Observation Network. 2025. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Murray, Tony; Brown, Cate; Dollar, Evan; Day, Jenny; Beuster, Hans; Haskins, Candice; Boucher, Charlie; Turpie, Jane; Wood, Julia; Thompson, Martin; Lamberth, Steve; van Niekerk, Lara; Impson, Dean; Magoba, Rembu; Petersen, Chantel; Davey, Denis; Noffke, Mandy; Hay, Rowena; Hartnady, Chris; Ewart-Smith, Justine; Burger, Marius; Fairburn, Emily; Ractliffe, Geordie; Day, Liz; Luger, Mike; Lannas, Katy; Ndiitwani-Nyamande, Tovhowani (2009). Brown, Cate; Magoba, Rembu (eds.). Rivers and Wetlands of Cape Town (Part 1) (PDF). Project No: K5/1691 (Report). Water Research Commission. pp. 1–178&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ecological monitoring at Steenbras&quot;. Umvoto Africa. 13 September 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot;. capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.[7]

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5][10]

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.[11] Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.&lt;ref&gt;Macknick, J. (18 September 2018). &quot;Thirsty Cities Drill for Water&quot;. Circle of Blue. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Rapid Reserves: Steenbras, Pombers, and Kromme Rivers&quot; (PDF). Feasibility Study into the Potential Development of Further Surface Water Supply Schemes for the Western Cape. Department of Water and Sanitation. 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras&quot;. South African Estuary Information System. South African Environmental Observation Network. 2025. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Murray, Tony; Brown, Cate; Dollar, Evan; Day, Jenny; Beuster, Hans; Haskins, Candice; Boucher, Charlie; Turpie, Jane; Wood, Julia; Thompson, Martin; Lamberth, Steve; van Niekerk, Lara; Impson, Dean; Magoba, Rembu; Petersen, Chantel; Davey, Denis; Noffke, Mandy; Hay, Rowena; Hartnady, Chris; Ewart-Smith, Justine; Burger, Marius; Fairburn, Emily; Ractliffe, Geordie; Day, Liz; Luger, Mike; Lannas, Katy; Ndiitwani-Nyamande, Tovhowani (2009). Brown, Cate; Magoba, Rembu (eds.). Rivers and Wetlands of Cape Town (Part 1) (PDF). Project No: K5/1691 (Report). Water Research Commission. pp. 1–178&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ecological monitoring at Steenbras&quot;. Umvoto Africa. 13 September 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot;. capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.[7]

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Gorge Check List&quot;. iNaturalist. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.[11] Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.&lt;ref&gt;Macknick, J. (18 September 2018). &quot;Thirsty Cities Drill for Water&quot;. Circle of Blue. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Rapid Reserves: Steenbras, Pombers, and Kromme Rivers&quot; (PDF). Feasibility Study into the Potential Development of Further Surface Water Supply Schemes for the Western Cape. Department of Water and Sanitation. 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras&quot;. South African Estuary Information System. South African Environmental Observation Network. 2025. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Murray, Tony; Brown, Cate; Dollar, Evan; Day, Jenny; Beuster, Hans; Haskins, Candice; Boucher, Charlie; Turpie, Jane; Wood, Julia; Thompson, Martin; Lamberth, Steve; van Niekerk, Lara; Impson, Dean; Magoba, Rembu; Petersen, Chantel; Davey, Denis; Noffke, Mandy; Hay, Rowena; Hartnady, Chris; Ewart-Smith, Justine; Burger, Marius; Fairburn, Emily; Ractliffe, Geordie; Day, Liz; Luger, Mike; Lannas, Katy; Ndiitwani-Nyamande, Tovhowani (2009). Brown, Cate; Magoba, Rembu (eds.). Rivers and Wetlands of Cape Town (Part 1) (PDF). Project No: K5/1691 (Report). Water Research Commission. pp. 1–178&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ecological monitoring at Steenbras&quot;. Umvoto Africa. 13 September 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot;. capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Gorge Check List&quot;. iNaturalist. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.[11] Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.&lt;ref&gt;Macknick, J. (18 September 2018). &quot;Thirsty Cities Drill for Water&quot;. Circle of Blue. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Rapid Reserves: Steenbras, Pombers, and Kromme Rivers&quot; (PDF). Feasibility Study into the Potential Development of Further Surface Water Supply Schemes for the Western Cape. Department of Water and Sanitation. 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras&quot;. South African Estuary Information System. South African Environmental Observation Network. 2025. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Murray, Tony; Brown, Cate; Dollar, Evan; Day, Jenny; Beuster, Hans; Haskins, Candice; Boucher, Charlie; Turpie, Jane; Wood, Julia; Thompson, Martin; Lamberth, Steve; van Niekerk, Lara; Impson, Dean; Magoba, Rembu; Petersen, Chantel; Davey, Denis; Noffke, Mandy; Hay, Rowena; Hartnady, Chris; Ewart-Smith, Justine; Burger, Marius; Fairburn, Emily; Ractliffe, Geordie; Day, Liz; Luger, Mike; Lannas, Katy; Ndiitwani-Nyamande, Tovhowani (2009). Brown, Cate; Magoba, Rembu (eds.). Rivers and Wetlands of Cape Town (Part 1) (PDF). Project No: K5/1691 (Report). Water Research Commission. pp. 1–178&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ecological monitoring at Steenbras&quot;. Umvoto Africa. 13 September 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot;. capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Gorge Check List&quot;. iNaturalist. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Dam – Faithful supplier of water &amp; power&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. Water Research Commission. November 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.[12]

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.&lt;ref&gt;Macknick, J. (18 September 2018). &quot;Thirsty Cities Drill for Water&quot;. Circle of Blue. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Rapid Reserves: Steenbras, Pombers, and Kromme Rivers&quot; (PDF). Feasibility Study into the Potential Development of Further Surface Water Supply Schemes for the Western Cape. Department of Water and Sanitation. 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras&quot;. South African Estuary Information System. South African Environmental Observation Network. 2025. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Murray, Tony; Brown, Cate; Dollar, Evan; Day, Jenny; Beuster, Hans; Haskins, Candice; Boucher, Charlie; Turpie, Jane; Wood, Julia; Thompson, Martin; Lamberth, Steve; van Niekerk, Lara; Impson, Dean; Magoba, Rembu; Petersen, Chantel; Davey, Denis; Noffke, Mandy; Hay, Rowena; Hartnady, Chris; Ewart-Smith, Justine; Burger, Marius; Fairburn, Emily; Ractliffe, Geordie; Day, Liz; Luger, Mike; Lannas, Katy; Ndiitwani-Nyamande, Tovhowani (2009). Brown, Cate; Magoba, Rembu (eds.). Rivers and Wetlands of Cape Town (Part 1) (PDF). Project No: K5/1691 (Report). Water Research Commission. pp. 1–178&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ecological monitoring at Steenbras&quot;. Umvoto Africa. 13 September 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot;. capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Gorge Check List&quot;. iNaturalist. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Dam – Faithful supplier of water &amp; power&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. Water Research Commission. November 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Dams&quot;. www.capetown.gov.za. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 2015-09-27.&lt;/ref&gt;

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.[13]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.&lt;ref&gt;Macknick, J. (18 September 2018). &quot;Thirsty Cities Drill for Water&quot;. Circle of Blue. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Rapid Reserves: Steenbras, Pombers, and Kromme Rivers&quot; (PDF). Feasibility Study into the Potential Development of Further Surface Water Supply Schemes for the Western Cape. Department of Water and Sanitation. 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras&quot;. South African Estuary Information System. South African Environmental Observation Network. 2025. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Murray, Tony; Brown, Cate; Dollar, Evan; Day, Jenny; Beuster, Hans; Haskins, Candice; Boucher, Charlie; Turpie, Jane; Wood, Julia; Thompson, Martin; Lamberth, Steve; van Niekerk, Lara; Impson, Dean; Magoba, Rembu; Petersen, Chantel; Davey, Denis; Noffke, Mandy; Hay, Rowena; Hartnady, Chris; Ewart-Smith, Justine; Burger, Marius; Fairburn, Emily; Ractliffe, Geordie; Day, Liz; Luger, Mike; Lannas, Katy; Ndiitwani-Nyamande, Tovhowani (2009). Brown, Cate; Magoba, Rembu (eds.). Rivers and Wetlands of Cape Town (Part 1) (PDF). Project No: K5/1691 (Report). Water Research Commission. pp. 1–178&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ecological monitoring at Steenbras&quot;. Umvoto Africa. 13 September 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot;. capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Gorge Check List&quot;. iNaturalist. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Dam – Faithful supplier of water &amp; power&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. Water Research Commission. November 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.[3]

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Dams&quot;. www.capetown.gov.za. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 2015-09-27.&lt;/ref&gt;

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.&lt;ref&gt;Address by Ronnie Kasrils, MP, minister of Water Affairs and Forestry, at the Berg Water Project signing ceremony on 15 April 2003, in Cape Town, accessed on 11 December 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.&lt;ref&gt;Macknick, J. (18 September 2018). &quot;Thirsty Cities Drill for Water&quot;. Circle of Blue. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Rapid Reserves: Steenbras, Pombers, and Kromme Rivers&quot; (PDF). Feasibility Study into the Potential Development of Further Surface Water Supply Schemes for the Western Cape. Department of Water and Sanitation. 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras&quot;. South African Estuary Information System. South African Environmental Observation Network. 2025. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Murray, Tony; Brown, Cate; Dollar, Evan; Day, Jenny; Beuster, Hans; Haskins, Candice; Boucher, Charlie; Turpie, Jane; Wood, Julia; Thompson, Martin; Lamberth, Steve; van Niekerk, Lara; Impson, Dean; Magoba, Rembu; Petersen, Chantel; Davey, Denis; Noffke, Mandy; Hay, Rowena; Hartnady, Chris; Ewart-Smith, Justine; Burger, Marius; Fairburn, Emily; Ractliffe, Geordie; Day, Liz; Luger, Mike; Lannas, Katy; Ndiitwani-Nyamande, Tovhowani (2009). Brown, Cate; Magoba, Rembu (eds.). Rivers and Wetlands of Cape Town (Part 1) (PDF). Project No: K5/1691 (Report). Water Research Commission. pp. 1–178&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ecological monitoring at Steenbras&quot;. Umvoto Africa. 13 September 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot;. capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.[3] Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Gorge Check List&quot;. iNaturalist. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Dam – Faithful supplier of water &amp; power&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. Water Research Commission. November 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Dams&quot;. www.capetown.gov.za. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 2015-09-27.&lt;/ref&gt;

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.&lt;ref&gt;Address by Ronnie Kasrils, MP, minister of Water Affairs and Forestry, at the Berg Water Project signing ceremony on 15 April 2003, in Cape Town, accessed on 11 December 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.&lt;ref&gt;Macknick, J. (18 September 2018). &quot;Thirsty Cities Drill for Water&quot;. Circle of Blue. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Rapid Reserves: Steenbras, Pombers, and Kromme Rivers&quot; (PDF). Feasibility Study into the Potential Development of Further Surface Water Supply Schemes for the Western Cape. Department of Water and Sanitation. 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras&quot;. South African Estuary Information System. South African Environmental Observation Network. 2025. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Murray, Tony; Brown, Cate; Dollar, Evan; Day, Jenny; Beuster, Hans; Haskins, Candice; Boucher, Charlie; Turpie, Jane; Wood, Julia; Thompson, Martin; Lamberth, Steve; van Niekerk, Lara; Impson, Dean; Magoba, Rembu; Petersen, Chantel; Davey, Denis; Noffke, Mandy; Hay, Rowena; Hartnady, Chris; Ewart-Smith, Justine; Burger, Marius; Fairburn, Emily; Ractliffe, Geordie; Day, Liz; Luger, Mike; Lannas, Katy; Ndiitwani-Nyamande, Tovhowani (2009). Brown, Cate; Magoba, Rembu (eds.). Rivers and Wetlands of Cape Town (Part 1) (PDF). Project No: K5/1691 (Report). Water Research Commission. pp. 1–178&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ecological monitoring at Steenbras&quot;. Umvoto Africa. 13 September 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot;. capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.[5]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Gorge Check List&quot;. iNaturalist. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Dam – Faithful supplier of water &amp; power&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. Water Research Commission. November 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Dams&quot;. www.capetown.gov.za. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 2015-09-27.&lt;/ref&gt;

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.&lt;ref&gt;Address by Ronnie Kasrils, MP, minister of Water Affairs and Forestry, at the Berg Water Project signing ceremony on 15 April 2003, in Cape Town, accessed on 11 December 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.&lt;ref&gt;Macknick, J. (18 September 2018). &quot;Thirsty Cities Drill for Water&quot;. Circle of Blue. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&quot;Rapid Reserves: Steenbras, Pombers, and Kromme Rivers&quot; (PDF). Feasibility Study into the Potential Development of Further Surface Water Supply Schemes for the Western Cape. Department of Water and Sanitation. 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras&quot;. South African Estuary Information System. South African Environmental Observation Network. 2025. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Murray, Tony; Brown, Cate; Dollar, Evan; Day, Jenny; Beuster, Hans; Haskins, Candice; Boucher, Charlie; Turpie, Jane; Wood, Julia; Thompson, Martin; Lamberth, Steve; van Niekerk, Lara; Impson, Dean; Magoba, Rembu; Petersen, Chantel; Davey, Denis; Noffke, Mandy; Hay, Rowena; Hartnady, Chris; Ewart-Smith, Justine; Burger, Marius; Fairburn, Emily; Ractliffe, Geordie; Day, Liz; Luger, Mike; Lannas, Katy; Ndiitwani-Nyamande, Tovhowani (2009). Brown, Cate; Magoba, Rembu (eds.). Rivers and Wetlands of Cape Town (Part 1) (PDF). Project No: K5/1691 (Report). Water Research Commission. pp. 1–178&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ecological monitoring at Steenbras&quot;. Umvoto Africa. 13 September 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot;. capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Gorge Check List&quot;. iNaturalist. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.[3] Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Dam – Faithful supplier of water &amp; power&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. Water Research Commission. November 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Dams&quot;. www.capetown.gov.za. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 2015-09-27.&lt;/ref&gt;

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.&lt;ref&gt;Address by Ronnie Kasrils, MP, minister of Water Affairs and Forestry, at the Berg Water Project signing ceremony on 15 April 2003, in Cape Town, accessed on 11 December 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.&lt;ref&gt;Macknick, J. (18 September 2018). &quot;Thirsty Cities Drill for Water&quot;. Circle of Blue. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&quot;Rapid Reserves: Steenbras, Pombers, and Kromme Rivers&quot; (PDF). Feasibility Study into the Potential Development of Further Surface Water Supply Schemes for the Western Cape. Department of Water and Sanitation. 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras&quot;. South African Estuary Information System. South African Environmental Observation Network. 2025. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Murray, Tony; Brown, Cate; Dollar, Evan; Day, Jenny; Beuster, Hans; Haskins, Candice; Boucher, Charlie; Turpie, Jane; Wood, Julia; Thompson, Martin; Lamberth, Steve; van Niekerk, Lara; Impson, Dean; Magoba, Rembu; Petersen, Chantel; Davey, Denis; Noffke, Mandy; Hay, Rowena; Hartnady, Chris; Ewart-Smith, Justine; Burger, Marius; Fairburn, Emily; Ractliffe, Geordie; Day, Liz; Luger, Mike; Lannas, Katy; Ndiitwani-Nyamande, Tovhowani (2009). Brown, Cate; Magoba, Rembu (eds.). Rivers and Wetlands of Cape Town (Part 1) (PDF). Project No: K5/1691 (Report). Water Research Commission. pp. 1–178&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ecological monitoring at Steenbras&quot;. Umvoto Africa. 13 September 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot;. capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Gorge Check List&quot;. iNaturalist. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Dam – Faithful supplier of water &amp; power&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. Water Research Commission. November 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.[3][11]

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Dams&quot;. www.capetown.gov.za. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 2015-09-27.&lt;/ref&gt;

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.&lt;ref&gt;Address by Ronnie Kasrils, MP, minister of Water Affairs and Forestry, at the Berg Water Project signing ceremony on 15 April 2003, in Cape Town, accessed on 11 December 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.&lt;ref&gt;Macknick, J. (18 September 2018). &quot;Thirsty Cities Drill for Water&quot;. Circle of Blue. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&quot;Rapid Reserves: Steenbras, Pombers, and Kromme Rivers&quot; (PDF). Feasibility Study into the Potential Development of Further Surface Water Supply Schemes for the Western Cape. Department of Water and Sanitation. 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras&quot;. South African Estuary Information System. South African Environmental Observation Network. 2025. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Murray, Tony; Brown, Cate; Dollar, Evan; Day, Jenny; Beuster, Hans; Haskins, Candice; Boucher, Charlie; Turpie, Jane; Wood, Julia; Thompson, Martin; Lamberth, Steve; van Niekerk, Lara; Impson, Dean; Magoba, Rembu; Petersen, Chantel; Davey, Denis; Noffke, Mandy; Hay, Rowena; Hartnady, Chris; Ewart-Smith, Justine; Burger, Marius; Fairburn, Emily; Ractliffe, Geordie; Day, Liz; Luger, Mike; Lannas, Katy; Ndiitwani-Nyamande, Tovhowani (2009). Brown, Cate; Magoba, Rembu (eds.). Rivers and Wetlands of Cape Town (Part 1) (PDF). Project No: K5/1691 (Report). Water Research Commission. pp. 1–178&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ecological monitoring at Steenbras&quot;. Umvoto Africa. 13 September 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot;. capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Gorge Check List&quot;. iNaturalist. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Dam – Faithful supplier of water &amp; power&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. Water Research Commission. November 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Dams&quot;. www.capetown.gov.za. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 2015-09-27.&lt;/ref&gt;

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.&lt;ref&gt;Address by Ronnie Kasrils, MP, minister of Water Affairs and Forestry, at the Berg Water Project signing ceremony on 15 April 2003, in Cape Town, accessed on 11 December 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Steenbras''' ko maayo tokooso e nder diiwaan Kap hirnaange Afrik worgo, ɗo iwdi mum woni sara Grabouw.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;Integrated Reserve Management Plan: Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot; (PDF). City of Cape Town. June 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Nde woni ko hakkunde koɗli Hollande Hottentots e koɗli Kogelberg, nde ɓuuɓtoo ko e maayo False to fuɗnaange maayo Gordon. Maayo ngoo ina ɓuuɓnaa e nokkuuji ɗiɗi — Steenbras Upper e Lower — ngam rokkude ndiyam wuro Kap. Baraas toowɗo oo kadi ina waɗi restoraaji ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee Steenbras, ko ɗum ɓeydata kuuraa e nder wuro Kap Town e sahaaji nde ɗaɓɓaande ndee ɓuri heewde.

[[File:Steenbras river bridge R44.jpg|thumb|Bridge ([[R44 (South Africa)|R44]]) over the Steenbras River]]

== Koɗki e Hidrolooji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 70 km2, tawi ina heen baraasuuji ɗii, ina woni hakkunde koɗli Hottentots Holland to worgo-fuɗnaange e Kogelberg to fuɗnaange-rewo, e nder ŋoral Cape Fold. Falnde dow damal les ngal ko falnde yaajnde no feewi, udditiinde. Dow dammbugal ngal, maayo ngoo ina rewi e falnde ɓuuɓnde, kaaƴe, haa e ŋoral ɓuuɓngal to bannge fuɗnaange False Bay.&lt;ref&gt;SAN 1016 - Valsbaai (Map). Cape Town: SA Navy Hydrographic Office. 1978.&lt;/ref&gt; Baraaji ɗii ina ñamlee maayo mawngo ngoo kam e maayooji keewɗi ɗi inɗe mum en limtaaka e laabi ɓuuɓɗi ɗi sahaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Njuuteeki maayo mawngo ngo, haa arti noon e baraasuuji ɗii, ko hedde 17 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Heinecken, T.J.E.; Bickerton, I.B.; Morant, P.D. (1982). Heydorn, A.E.F.; Grindley, J.R. (eds.). Buffels (Wes), Elsies, Sir Lowry's Pass, Steenbras and Buffels (Oos). Report 12 of the Estuaries of the Cape. Part 2: Synopses of available information on individual systems series. CSIR Research report 411 (Report). Stellenbosch: CSIR.: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research – via saeis.saeon.ac.za.&lt;/ref&gt;

Geologie nokku oo ko ɓuri heewde ko kaaƴe dime kuuraaɗe ɗe laabi ɓuuɓɗi e konglomeraat kaaƴe dime Table Mountain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ndeeɗoo geologie ina waɗi ɓuuɓri Table Mountain Group, ɓuuɓri kaaƴe ɓuuɓndi, jogiindi laabi ndiyam les leydi caɗtuɗi, ko ɗum waɗi recharge artificiel kuutorteeɗo e wuro ina waawi waɗde e nokku hee.&lt;ref&gt;Macknick, J. (18 September 2018). &quot;Thirsty Cities Drill for Water&quot;. Circle of Blue. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hakindo ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder weeyo ngo ina hiisa ko 50 × 106m3 hitaande kala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kono tan, doggol ngol wayliima no feewi e baraasuuji ɗii. E wiyde wizto Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaasiyoŋ e hitaande 2009, vursugol ngol e nokku vursugol ndiyam ekolosii (EWR) e lewru sulyee 2009 ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko 0,42 m3/s, zum wonnoo ko vursugol hannde ngol e oon lewru (0,41 m3/s) kono ko ina wona 200 m32dam ina ɗaminaa sarɗiiji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&quot;Rapid Reserves: Steenbras, Pombers, and Kromme Rivers&quot; (PDF). Feasibility Study into the Potential Development of Further Surface Water Supply Schemes for the Western Cape. Department of Water and Sanitation. 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko ɓuri heewde e ɓulli ɗii ko e nder keeri wuro Kap.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hakindo tovve hitaande kala limtaaze e baraas oo hakkunde 1963 e 1981 ko 984 mm, kono zum ina vuri toowde e tovo ngo, zum wonnoo ko 2 000 mm hitaande kala.

=== Estuari ===
Hunduko maayo ngoo ko falnde tokosere taƴnde e nder ŋoral daande maayo, ina waɗi ŋoral kaaƴe ŋoral e ŋoral kaaƴe gonngal e ŋoral ŋoral. Waɗi noon ko ɓuuɓol ngol ina yettoo dow feccere maayo ngoo, ngo fawii ko e ɓuuɓol ɓurngol heewde to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, ɗum noon ko ngol woni daande maayo toowngo semmbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Reso ƴeewndo taariindi Afrik worgo hollitii wonde maayo Steenbras ina hollita tolno ŋakkeende ekolosii, ina jogii sifaaji ɓurɗi yahdude e fjord tokooso ko ɓuri maayo tippudi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras&quot;. South African Estuary Information System. South African Environmental Observation Network. 2025. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kalite ndiyam ==
Ndiyam ɗam ina heewi asid seeɗa, ina waɗi kadi tanninuuji ummoriiɗi e leɗɗe fynbos.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ina waɗi ɗaɗi moƴƴi e ɓuuɓri ɓuuɓndi kono ina safree ngam ustude pH e ittude mbaydi, heen geɗal ko sabu kosmetik e heen geɗal ngam ustude ɓuuɓri e nder tuubaaji.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Murray, Tony; Brown, Cate; Dollar, Evan; Day, Jenny; Beuster, Hans; Haskins, Candice; Boucher, Charlie; Turpie, Jane; Wood, Julia; Thompson, Martin; Lamberth, Steve; van Niekerk, Lara; Impson, Dean; Magoba, Rembu; Petersen, Chantel; Davey, Denis; Noffke, Mandy; Hay, Rowena; Hartnady, Chris; Ewart-Smith, Justine; Burger, Marius; Fairburn, Emily; Ractliffe, Geordie; Day, Liz; Luger, Mike; Lannas, Katy; Ndiitwani-Nyamande, Tovhowani (2009). Brown, Cate; Magoba, Rembu (eds.). Rivers and Wetlands of Cape Town (Part 1) (PDF). Project No: K5/1691 (Report). Water Research Commission. pp. 1–178&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Hay so asid e colour naftowal ina woodi, vurzo moxxude oo ina jogii tolno cellal maayo toowngo (Classe A). Moƴƴinde ekolosii hollitii wonde ina woodi taksonaji sensitive, ko wayi no mborosaaji gonɗi e baagal (Blephariceridae), jogiiɗi tolno ɓurɗo mawnude e 15 toɓɓere (SASS) e nder Afrik worgo, ko ɗum hollirta wonde ndiyam ina toowi no feewi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ecological monitoring at Steenbras&quot;. Umvoto Africa. 13 September 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ekoloji ==
Reservoir naturel Steenbras ina waɗi feccere mawnde e ɓuuɓri ndii.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Nature Reserve&quot;. capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; Nokkuuji leɗɗe leydi mbinndaaɗi gila e les ina mbaɗi ladde maayo, fynbos koɗli ɓuuɓɗi, ɓuuɓri maayo, e fynbos koɗli ɓurɗi yoorde.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hayre Kogelberg Fynbos ina tawee kadi e nder ɓuuɓri ndii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Nokku gonɗo e maayo ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe ko wayi no palmiit (Prionium serratum), Pennisetum makrorum, Junkus effusus, Junkus lomatofillus, Erika kaffra, Kalopsis panikulata, Elejiya kapensis, Blechnum kapens, e Todea barbara. Ɓuri maantinde e leɗɗe ɗe ngonaa marseeji ko ƴiye Kap (Metrosideros angustifolia). Ciimtol 2009 hollitii wonde, so tawii nokku oo ina jogii keewal kullon ladde moƴƴal, ɓuuɓri mum e keewal mum ina usta, tawi heen geɗal ko batte dammugol e waylude laabi ilam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Steenbras Gorge Check List&quot;. iNaturalist. Retrieved 24 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Laabi ==
Laawol mawngol R44 ngol diiwaan oo, ummoraade Gordon's Bay haa Hermanus, ina taƴa maayo ngoo fotde 200 m to daande maayo ngoo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Laawol ngenndiwal N2 ina taƴa maayo ngoo kilooji seeɗa fuɗnaange Sir Lowry's Pass.

== Tariya ==
Injenieer konsulteer Thomas Stewart adii wiɗtude nokkuuji potɗi wonde baraasuuji e maayo Steenbras e darorɗe kitaale 1890 ngam wonde nokku ɗo ndiyam waawi wonde e nder gure Mowbray e Rondebosch.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;&quot;Steenbras Dam – Faithful supplier of water &amp; power&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. Water Research Commission. November 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Maayo ngoo adii taƴde ko wiɗtooɓe Oropnaaɓe ummoriiɓe koɗki Kap hedde cagataagal teeminannde 17ɓiire. Innde maggal asliire e ɗemngal Holanndee en ko Steenbrazans rivier, ina sikkaa ko innde steenbras boɗeere (Petrus rupestris), nde waawi nanngeede e daande maayo kaaƴe sara hunduko maayo ngoo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Maayo ngoo darnaama e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire ngam waɗde ndiyam e wuro Kap. Baraas Steenbras timminaama hitaande 1921 e mbaadi mum adanndi ko 2,9 × 106m3. Koɗorɗe baraas oo caggal ɗuum ƴettaa e hitaande 1928 e hitaande 1952, ɓeydi heen 34,3 × 106m3.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

E hitaande 1977, baraas toowɗo Steenbras mahaa ko to dow maayo. Nde huutortee ko e peeje Steenbras ngam ƴellitde kuuraa ndiyam pompiyee, ko ɗum ɓeydata e kuuraa Cape Town e sahaaji ɓurɗi heewde ɗaɓɓaande.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Dams&quot;. www.capetown.gov.za. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 2015-09-27.&lt;/ref&gt;

Baraaji ɗii ina njeyaa e Siistem Ƴellitaare Ndiyam Kap Hirnaange (WCWSS), woni njuɓɓudi jokkondirndi e baraasuuji jeegom mawɗi, tuubaaji, tunnel, resooji peccitagol, e baraasuuji tokoosi keewɗi e nder Kap Hirnaange. Won heen ko Departemaa Ndiyam e Sanitaare jeyi ɗum en, won heen kadi ko wuro Kap Town jeyi ɗum en, ina kuutoroo ɗum en.&lt;ref&gt;Address by Ronnie Kasrils, MP, minister of Water Affairs and Forestry, at the Berg Water Project signing ceremony on 15 April 2003, in Cape Town, accessed on 11 December 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mudi Sipikin</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Databox}}Alhaji '''Mudi Sipikin''' (1930–19 feebariyee 2013) ko yimoowo Naajeeriya, kadi ko tergal sosngal Dental Jaɓɓungal Leyɗeele Fuɗnaange (NEPU), lannda politik radikal laatinooɗo luulndo mawngo e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange e jamaanu Republique gadano Naajeeriya. O heɓi innde makko 'Sipikin' gila nde o woni binndoowo NEPU, sabu aada makko wiyde &quot;Ɗum ko Mudi haaloowo&quot; e nokku jaabtaade &quot;Ɗum ko Mudi sipikin&quot;. So tawii ko ɓuri heewde e golle makko mbinndaa ko...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4095" sha1="b4yj2045uief1ln6v1xzam36v34tmaj" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Alhaji '''Mudi Sipikin''' (1930–19 feebariyee 2013) ko yimoowo Naajeeriya, kadi ko tergal sosngal Dental Jaɓɓungal Leyɗeele Fuɗnaange (NEPU), lannda politik radikal laatinooɗo luulndo mawngo e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange e jamaanu Republique gadano Naajeeriya. O heɓi innde makko 'Sipikin' gila nde o woni binndoowo NEPU, sabu aada makko wiyde &quot;Ɗum ko Mudi haaloowo&quot; e nokku jaabtaade &quot;Ɗum ko Mudi sipikin&quot;. So tawii ko ɓuri heewde e golle makko mbinndaa ko e ɗemngal Hausa, e les njiimaandi Richard Ali, eɓɓooje ina mbaɗee e nokku firo yimre ngam hisnude e firtude ɗeen golle binndol e ɗemngal Engele.[1]

==Ngendam==
Mudi Sipikin jibinaa ko e nokkuuji Darma to wuro Kano e hitaande 1930. E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, mawniiko gorko ummiima Auyo to Hadejia (e nder diiwaan Jigawa hannde) fayde Kano. Ina jeyaa e jannginooɓe makko adanɓe ko baaba makko, hono Muhammadu Buwa, janngini mo ɗemngal Arab e binndol Islaam gila omo famɗi. Ngam ɓeydude jaŋde makko e diine Lislaam, o naati duɗal Qur’aana ngal Mallam Umaru Badamagare mo Damagaram toppitii. Sipikin meeɗaa yahde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hirnaange kono, caggal nguurndam makko, o janngi e les sehilaaɓe makko ɓurɓe janngude hono Sa’adu Zungur e Maitama Sule e Aminu Kano. E kitaale 1960, o janngi ko e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Angalteer, caggal ɗuum o naati e duɗe janngirɗe mawɓe e binndol to Kano.[2]: 246–247 [3]

Hedde duuɓi 18, Spikin yaltini jimɗi mum gadani, ɗi « hollirii mettere mum e wellitaare miskineeɓe ». E nder kitaale 1950, o dañii darnde e jimɗi makko ɗi o yaltini e Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo.[4] Yimre makko ɓurnde anndeede gila e balɗe makko hade jeytaare makko ko Arewa Jumhuriya Kawai (« Fuɗnaange, Republiik laaɓɗo e hoyre mum »), jaabawol Sa'adu Zungur Arewa Jumhuniya ko Mulkiya (« Fuɗnaange: Republique walla Laamu ? »). Yimre Zungur ɗon ƴama Emir'en lesdi Naajeeriya ngam ɓe ɗon jokki bee lesdi Naajeeriya ngam ɓe ɗon resa limngal Islaamiyanko'en. Sipikin salii ndee ɗoo darnde no hollirnoo e jaabawol mum, o wiyi yo njuɓɓudi emiraaji ndii woppe ngam jaɓde miijooji repibilik en to Fuɗnaange.[5][6][7] O yaltinii fotde 300 yimre, tawi ko toɓɓe keewɗe ko wayi no diine, politik, nguurndam faggudu, ganndal e &quot;sarɗiiji nguurndam ɓesngu&quot;. E hitaande 1964, o sosi fedde wiyeteende Hikima Kulob (‘Fedde hakkille’), fedde yimooɓe, jooɗnde to Kano e Kaduna. Kippu oo ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e sosde, declamation, e saaktude jimɗi e kewuuji jooni ɗii. Yimre fedde ndee ina yaltinee e rajooji ngam humpitaade yimɓe fof. Hay so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e terɗe mayre ko worɓe, yoga e yimooɓe rewɓe Hawsa en ɓurɓe lollude e oo sahaa ko terɗe fedde nde, hono Hauwa Gwaram e Hajiya 'Yar Shehu.[8][9]

E nder darorɗe kitaale 1940 e puɗal kitaale 1950, Sipikin wallitii sosde Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi (NEPU). E lewru marse 1951, o sosi Diɗɗal Askianist ngal, haa ngal yani e hitaande 1955 sabu ŋakkeende kaalis, ngal woni ko e NEPU. Innde mayre ummorii ko e Muhammad Askia, ƴettuɗo jappeere laamu Songhai e yontaaji hakkundeeji, o artiri ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina cikka ko yonta kaŋŋe laamu nguu. Rewɓe dillere ndee njaɓɓiima Aminu Kano, hooreejo NEPU, hono Askia hannde oo ; mo ardinoo lannda kaa ngam lomtaade laamu nguu–Native Authority, koloñaal en Angalteer, e Kongres yimɓe worgo laamu nguu–e, hono Muhammadu Askia, udditde yonta kaŋŋe. E hitaande 1954, terɗe fedde ndee kawri kaalis ngam mahde duɗal kono caggal ɗuum ɓe njiyti ŋakkeende e hiisaaji kaalis oo. Ɗum noon, Sipikin ittaa e jappeere laamu, riiwaa e dillere ndee. Diisnondiral hakkunde terɗe ngal sabu ndeeɗoo feere addani lannda kaa fusde hitaande caggal ɗuum.[10][11]

Ko adii nde o sosata Diɗɗal Askianist, o tawtoraama batu doosgal leydi Londres e hitaande 1953, o woni nulaaɗo fedde Action Group.[12] Hakkunde 1980 e 1983, o woni hooreejo fedde hesere sosaande e nder leydi Kano ngam moƴƴinde jaŋde e ittude majjere e nder diiwaan hee. E hitaande 1981, fedde nde heɓi njeenaari UNESCO ngam heɓde golle mum.[13]

==Tuugnorgal==</text>
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        <username>MOIBARDE</username>
        <id>10068</id>
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      <comment>Add links and references</comment>
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      <text bytes="7886" sha1="fwuf5kluz76van27h9wimsq0hl8am6t" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Alhaji '''Mudi Sipikin''' (1930–19 feebariyee 2013) ko yimoowo [[Naajeeriya]], kadi ko tergal sosngal Dental Jaɓɓungal Leyɗeele Fuɗnaange (NEPU), lannda politik radikal laatinooɗo luulndo mawngo e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange e jamaanu Republique gadano [[Naajeeriya]]. O heɓi innde makko 'Sipikin' gila nde o woni binndoowo NEPU, sabu aada makko wiyde &quot;Ɗum ko Mudi haaloowo&quot; e nokku jaabtaade &quot;Ɗum ko Mudi sipikin&quot;. So tawii ko ɓuri heewde e golle makko mbinndaa ko e ɗemngal Hausa, e les njiimaandi Richard Ali, eɓɓooje ina mbaɗee e nokku firo yimre ngam hisnude e firtude ɗeen golle binndol e ɗemngal Engele.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-04-20|title=PTC Online Workshops: Nigerian Hausa poet Mudi Sipikin|url=https://www.poetrytranslation.org/workshops/ptc-online-workshops-nigerian-hausa-poet-mudi-sipikin|access-date=2024-02-04|website=Poetry Translation Centre}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ngendam==
Mudi Sipikin jibinaa ko e nokkuuji Darma to wuro [[Kano]] e hitaande 1930. E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, mawniiko gorko ummiima [[Auyo]] to [[Hadejia]] (e nder diiwaan Jigawa hannde) fayde [[Kano]]. Ina jeyaa e jannginooɓe makko adanɓe ko baaba makko, hono Muhammadu Buwa, janngini mo ɗemngal Arab e binndol [[Islaam]] gila omo famɗi. Ngam ɓeydude jaŋde makko e diine [[Lislaamu|Lislaam]], o naati duɗal Qur’aana ngal Mallam Umaru Badamagare mo [[Damagaram]] toppitii. Sipikin meeɗaa yahde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hirnaange kono, caggal nguurndam makko, o janngi e les sehilaaɓe makko ɓurɓe janngude hono [[Sa’adu Zungur]] e [[Maitama Sule]] e [[Aminu kano|Aminu Kano]]. E kitaale 1960, o janngi ko e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Angalteer, caggal ɗuum o naati e duɗe janngirɗe mawɓe e binndol to [[Kano]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|location=Cambridge; New York|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;: 246–247 &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Garba|first=Ismail Bala|title=Complexly Intertwined': Poetry and Politics|date=2006|work=IFRA Special Research Issue Vol. 2|pages=103–113|url=https://books.openedition.org/ifra/922|access-date=2024-02-04|series=African Dynamics|place=Ibadan|publisher=IFRA-Nigeria|language=en|isbn=979-10-92312-21-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hedde duuɓi 18, Spikin yaltini jimɗi mum gadani, ɗi « hollirii mettere mum e wellitaare miskineeɓe ». E nder kitaale 1950, o dañii darnde e jimɗi makko ɗi o yaltini e ''[[Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Klíma|first=Vladimír|url=http://archive.org/details/blackafricaliter0000klim|title=Black Africa : literature and language|date=1976|location=Dordrecht, Holland; Boston|publisher=D. Reidel Pub. Co.|isbn=978-90-277-0531-0|pages=173–174}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yimre makko ɓurnde anndeede gila e balɗe makko hade jeytaare makko ko Arewa Jumhuriya Kawai (« Fuɗnaange, Republiik laaɓɗo e hoyre mum »), jaabawol [[Sa'adu Zungur]] [[Arewa]] Jumhuniya ko Mulkiya (« Fuɗnaange: Republique walla Laamu ? »). Yimre Zungur ɗon ƴama Emir'en lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] ngam ɓe ɗon jokki bee lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] ngam ɓe ɗon resa limngal Islaamiyanko'en. Sipikin salii ndee ɗoo darnde no hollirnoo e jaabawol mum, o wiyi yo njuɓɓudi emiraaji ndii woppe ngam jaɓde miijooji repibilik en to Fuɗnaange.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Irele|first=Abiola|url=http://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory0000irel|title=The Cambridge history of African and Caribbean literature|date=2004|location=Cambridge; New York|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-59434-9|pages=354}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/beyond-timbuktu-an-intellectual-history-of-muslim-west-africa|title=Beyond Timbuktu An Intellectual History Of Muslim West Africa|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2016|editor-last=Kane|editor-first=Ousmane Oumar|pages=36|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sullivan|first=Joanna|date=2009|title=From Poetry to Prose: The Modern Hausa Novel|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25659718|journal=Comparative Literature Studies|volume=46|issue=2|pages=311–337|doi=10.2307/25659718|jstor=25659718|issn=0010-4132|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; O yaltinii fotde 300 yimre, tawi ko toɓɓe keewɗe ko wayi no diine, politik, nguurndam faggudu, ganndal e &quot;sarɗiiji nguurndam ɓesngu&quot;. E hitaande 1964, o sosi fedde wiyeteende Hikima Kulob (‘Fedde hakkille’), fedde yimooɓe, jooɗnde to [[Kano]] e [[Kaduna]]. Kippu oo ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e sosde, ''declamation'', e saaktude jimɗi e kewuuji jooni ɗii. Yimre fedde ndee ina yaltinee e rajooji ngam humpitaade yimɓe fof. Hay so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e terɗe mayre ko worɓe, yoga e yimooɓe rewɓe Hawsa en ɓurɓe lollude e oo sahaa ko terɗe fedde nde, hono Hauwa Gwaram e Hajiya 'Yar Shehu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Mack|first=Beverly B.|title=Women in Muslim Northern Nigeria|date=2022-12-21|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-1353|access-date=2024-02-04|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.1353|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mack|first=Beverly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WPy6EAAAQBAJ|title=Equals in Learning and Piety: Muslim Women Scholars in Nigeria and North America|date=2023-07-11|publisher=University of Wisconsin Pres|isbn=978-0-299-34260-9|pages=89|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E nder darorɗe kitaale 1940 e puɗal kitaale 1950, Sipikin wallitii sosde Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi (NEPU). E lewru marse 1951, o sosi Diɗɗal Askianist ngal, haa ngal yani e hitaande 1955 sabu ŋakkeende kaalis, ngal woni ko e NEPU. Innde mayre ummorii ko e [[Muhammad Askia]], ƴettuɗo jappeere laamu Songhai e yontaaji hakkundeeji, o artiri ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina cikka ko yonta kaŋŋe laamu nguu. Rewɓe dillere ndee njaɓɓiima [[Aminu kano|Aminu Kano]], hooreejo NEPU, hono Askia hannde oo ; mo ardinoo lannda kaa ngam lomtaade laamu nguu–''Native Authority'', koloñaal en Angalteer, e Kongres yimɓe worgo laamu nguu–e, hono [[Muhammadu Askia]], udditde yonta kaŋŋe. E hitaande 1954, terɗe fedde ndee kawri kaalis ngam mahde duɗal kono caggal ɗuum ɓe njiyti ŋakkeende e hiisaaji kaalis oo. Ɗum noon, Sipikin ittaa e jappeere laamu, riiwaa e dillere ndee. Diisnondiral hakkunde terɗe ngal sabu ndeeɗoo feere addani lannda kaa fusde hitaande caggal ɗuum.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|location=Princeton, N.J.|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1|pages=394}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Richard L Sklar|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000rich|title=Nigerian political parties;: Power in an emergent African nation|date=1963-01-01|publisher=Princeton University Press|pages=420}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko adii nde o sosata Diɗɗal Askianist, o tawtoraama batu doosgal leydi Londres e hitaande 1953, o woni nulaaɗo fedde ''Action Group''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Dambatta|first=Salisu Na'inna|date=28 February 2013|title=Mudi Sipikin - the Poet Goes Silent|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201302280812.html|access-date=4 February 2024|work=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hakkunde 1980 e 1983, o woni hooreejo fedde hesere sosaande e nder leydi [[Kano]] ngam moƴƴinde jaŋde e ittude majjere e nder diiwaan hee. E hitaande 1981, fedde nde heɓi njeenaari UNESCO ngam heɓde golle mum.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Adamu|first=Adamu|date=15 March 2013|title=On Sipikin On Chavez|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201303150587.html|archive-date=|access-date=4 February 2024|work=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tuugnorgal==</text>
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      <comment>i add category</comment>
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      <text bytes="7925" sha1="g6hqlqdtl8poq4y3o57bk9mkmb5hc01" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Alhaji '''Mudi Sipikin''' (1930–19 feebariyee 2013) ko yimoowo [[Naajeeriya]], kadi ko tergal sosngal Dental Jaɓɓungal Leyɗeele Fuɗnaange (NEPU), lannda politik radikal laatinooɗo luulndo mawngo e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange e jamaanu Republique gadano [[Naajeeriya]]. O heɓi innde makko 'Sipikin' gila nde o woni binndoowo NEPU, sabu aada makko wiyde &quot;Ɗum ko Mudi haaloowo&quot; e nokku jaabtaade &quot;Ɗum ko Mudi sipikin&quot;. So tawii ko ɓuri heewde e golle makko mbinndaa ko e ɗemngal Hausa, e les njiimaandi Richard Ali, eɓɓooje ina mbaɗee e nokku firo yimre ngam hisnude e firtude ɗeen golle binndol e ɗemngal Engele.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-04-20|title=PTC Online Workshops: Nigerian Hausa poet Mudi Sipikin|url=https://www.poetrytranslation.org/workshops/ptc-online-workshops-nigerian-hausa-poet-mudi-sipikin|access-date=2024-02-04|website=Poetry Translation Centre}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ngendam==
Mudi Sipikin jibinaa ko e nokkuuji Darma to wuro [[Kano]] e hitaande 1930. E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, mawniiko gorko ummiima [[Auyo]] to [[Hadejia]] (e nder diiwaan Jigawa hannde) fayde [[Kano]]. Ina jeyaa e jannginooɓe makko adanɓe ko baaba makko, hono Muhammadu Buwa, janngini mo ɗemngal Arab e binndol [[Islaam]] gila omo famɗi. Ngam ɓeydude jaŋde makko e diine [[Lislaamu|Lislaam]], o naati duɗal Qur’aana ngal Mallam Umaru Badamagare mo [[Damagaram]] toppitii. Sipikin meeɗaa yahde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde hirnaange kono, caggal nguurndam makko, o janngi e les sehilaaɓe makko ɓurɓe janngude hono [[Sa’adu Zungur]] e [[Maitama Sule]] e [[Aminu kano|Aminu Kano]]. E kitaale 1960, o janngi ko e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Angalteer, caggal ɗuum o naati e duɗe janngirɗe mawɓe e binndol to [[Kano]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/literaturesinafr0000unse|title=Literatures in African languages : theoretical issues and sample surveys|date=1985|location=Cambridge; New York|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-25646-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;: 246–247 &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Garba|first=Ismail Bala|title=Complexly Intertwined': Poetry and Politics|date=2006|work=IFRA Special Research Issue Vol. 2|pages=103–113|url=https://books.openedition.org/ifra/922|access-date=2024-02-04|series=African Dynamics|place=Ibadan|publisher=IFRA-Nigeria|language=en|isbn=979-10-92312-21-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hedde duuɓi 18, Spikin yaltini jimɗi mum gadani, ɗi « hollirii mettere mum e wellitaare miskineeɓe ». E nder kitaale 1950, o dañii darnde e jimɗi makko ɗi o yaltini e ''[[Gaskiya Ta Fi Kwabo]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Klíma|first=Vladimír|url=http://archive.org/details/blackafricaliter0000klim|title=Black Africa : literature and language|date=1976|location=Dordrecht, Holland; Boston|publisher=D. Reidel Pub. Co.|isbn=978-90-277-0531-0|pages=173–174}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yimre makko ɓurnde anndeede gila e balɗe makko hade jeytaare makko ko Arewa Jumhuriya Kawai (« Fuɗnaange, Republiik laaɓɗo e hoyre mum »), jaabawol [[Sa'adu Zungur]] [[Arewa]] Jumhuniya ko Mulkiya (« Fuɗnaange: Republique walla Laamu ? »). Yimre Zungur ɗon ƴama Emir'en lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] ngam ɓe ɗon jokki bee lesdi [[Naajeeriya]] ngam ɓe ɗon resa limngal Islaamiyanko'en. Sipikin salii ndee ɗoo darnde no hollirnoo e jaabawol mum, o wiyi yo njuɓɓudi emiraaji ndii woppe ngam jaɓde miijooji repibilik en to Fuɗnaange.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Irele|first=Abiola|url=http://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory0000irel|title=The Cambridge history of African and Caribbean literature|date=2004|location=Cambridge; New York|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-59434-9|pages=354}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/beyond-timbuktu-an-intellectual-history-of-muslim-west-africa|title=Beyond Timbuktu An Intellectual History Of Muslim West Africa|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2016|editor-last=Kane|editor-first=Ousmane Oumar|pages=36|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sullivan|first=Joanna|date=2009|title=From Poetry to Prose: The Modern Hausa Novel|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25659718|journal=Comparative Literature Studies|volume=46|issue=2|pages=311–337|doi=10.2307/25659718|jstor=25659718|issn=0010-4132|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; O yaltinii fotde 300 yimre, tawi ko toɓɓe keewɗe ko wayi no diine, politik, nguurndam faggudu, ganndal e &quot;sarɗiiji nguurndam ɓesngu&quot;. E hitaande 1964, o sosi fedde wiyeteende Hikima Kulob (‘Fedde hakkille’), fedde yimooɓe, jooɗnde to [[Kano]] e [[Kaduna]]. Kippu oo ɓuri tiiɗnaade ko e sosde, ''declamation'', e saaktude jimɗi e kewuuji jooni ɗii. Yimre fedde ndee ina yaltinee e rajooji ngam humpitaade yimɓe fof. Hay so tawii ko ɓuri heewde e terɗe mayre ko worɓe, yoga e yimooɓe rewɓe Hawsa en ɓurɓe lollude e oo sahaa ko terɗe fedde nde, hono Hauwa Gwaram e Hajiya 'Yar Shehu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Mack|first=Beverly B.|title=Women in Muslim Northern Nigeria|date=2022-12-21|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-1353|access-date=2024-02-04|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.1353|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mack|first=Beverly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WPy6EAAAQBAJ|title=Equals in Learning and Piety: Muslim Women Scholars in Nigeria and North America|date=2023-07-11|publisher=University of Wisconsin Pres|isbn=978-0-299-34260-9|pages=89|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E nder darorɗe kitaale 1940 e puɗal kitaale 1950, Sipikin wallitii sosde Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi (NEPU). E lewru marse 1951, o sosi Diɗɗal Askianist ngal, haa ngal yani e hitaande 1955 sabu ŋakkeende kaalis, ngal woni ko e NEPU. Innde mayre ummorii ko e [[Muhammad Askia]], ƴettuɗo jappeere laamu Songhai e yontaaji hakkundeeji, o artiri ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina cikka ko yonta kaŋŋe laamu nguu. Rewɓe dillere ndee njaɓɓiima [[Aminu kano|Aminu Kano]], hooreejo NEPU, hono Askia hannde oo ; mo ardinoo lannda kaa ngam lomtaade laamu nguu–''Native Authority'', koloñaal en Angalteer, e Kongres yimɓe worgo laamu nguu–e, hono [[Muhammadu Askia]], udditde yonta kaŋŋe. E hitaande 1954, terɗe fedde ndee kawri kaalis ngam mahde duɗal kono caggal ɗuum ɓe njiyti ŋakkeende e hiisaaji kaalis oo. Ɗum noon, Sipikin ittaa e jappeere laamu, riiwaa e dillere ndee. Diisnondiral hakkunde terɗe ngal sabu ndeeɗoo feere addani lannda kaa fusde hitaande caggal ɗuum.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=C. S. (C Sylvester)|url=http://archive.org/details/politicsoftradit0000whit|title=The politics of tradition continuity and change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966|date=1970|location=Princeton, N.J.|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-03079-1|pages=394}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Richard L Sklar|url=http://archive.org/details/nigerianpolitica0000rich|title=Nigerian political parties;: Power in an emergent African nation|date=1963-01-01|publisher=Princeton University Press|pages=420}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko adii nde o sosata Diɗɗal Askianist, o tawtoraama batu doosgal leydi Londres e hitaande 1953, o woni nulaaɗo fedde ''Action Group''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Dambatta|first=Salisu Na'inna|date=28 February 2013|title=Mudi Sipikin - the Poet Goes Silent|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201302280812.html|access-date=4 February 2024|work=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hakkunde 1980 e 1983, o woni hooreejo fedde hesere sosaande e nder leydi [[Kano]] ngam moƴƴinde jaŋde e ittude majjere e nder diiwaan hee. E hitaande 1981, fedde nde heɓi njeenaari UNESCO ngam heɓde golle mum.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Adamu|first=Adamu|date=15 March 2013|title=On Sipikin On Chavez|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201303150587.html|archive-date=|access-date=4 February 2024|work=[[Media Trust|Daily Trust]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tuugnorgal==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Naajeeriya]]</text>
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    <title>Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)[1] ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="777" sha1="njtersel9r6gva7y14ewwhs70eip1d8" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)[1] ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.[2]

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,[3] ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==</text>
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      <text bytes="1836" sha1="rgqbu5aooxyv1iqy29m1jbizpdvfzx0" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)[1] ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.[2]

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,[3] ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.[4]

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.[3]

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.[5]

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift</text>
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      <text bytes="3029" sha1="bt6w7lk94ijzlkok2c39doouecxtano" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)[1] ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.[2]

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,[3] ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.[4]

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.[3]

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.[5]

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.[6]</text>
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      <text bytes="3882" sha1="5ce5clhdui5agi5vkutxvr10zf0uiih" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)[1] ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.[2]

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,[3] ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.[4]

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.[3]

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.[5]

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.[6]

=== Daabaaji ===
Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.[7]

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

== Tariya ==</text>
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      <text bytes="5039" sha1="miqckexk7ds2s3qv6u2kagwo3buvkai" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)[1] ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.[2]

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,[3] ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.[4]

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.[3]

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.[5]

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.[6]

=== Daabaaji ===
Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.[7]

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

== Tariya ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, maayo ngoo waɗii keeri Koloni Kap[8], ngo waɗii luural mawngal e nder hareeji Xhosa 1779 haa 1878 hakkunde leñol Xhosa bannge gooto e koloñaal en Afrikaner e Laamaandi Angalteer bannge goɗɗo,[9] e nder hitaande 1835, leñol Fingover ngol wonnoo ko e daande maayo. E jamaanu apartaayd, leslese ɗee ngoni ko e keeri hirnaange leydi Ciskei ndi innde mum jeytaare. Hakkunde 1846 e 1847, nokku hunduko maayo Fish wonti nokku ɗo golle keewɗe mbaɗata e nder wolde Axe, gooto e woldeeji keeri keewɗi e oon sahaa hakkunde leñol Xhosa e Angalteer. Laana ndiwoowa feewnaama to maayo Fish ngam jokkondirde e Koloni Kap (bannge hirnaange maayo ngoo) e Waterloo Bay (bay tokooso sara hunduko maayo Old Woman ngo jooni rewata ko e nokku resort Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, inniraa ko laana gadana jippinooka kaɓirɗe e nder maayo ngoo, ko nokku ɗo soldateeɓe e kaɓirɗe njippii e wolde ndee. Laanaaji keewɗi njippiima e daande maayo Liɗɗi e nder ɗii duuɓi.[10] Ko ɗeeɗoo nokkuuji daartol teskini e daande maayo Fish, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nder nokkuuji Fish River Sun Resort ɗi sosiyetee oo etinooma reende :</text>
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      <text bytes="6243" sha1="kxsd9jnmqb38rmkuddj3r3jexf4bn8d" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)[1] ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.[2]

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,[3] ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.[4]

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.[3]

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.[5]

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.[6]

=== Daabaaji ===
Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.[7]

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

== Tariya ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, maayo ngoo waɗii keeri Koloni Kap[8], ngo waɗii luural mawngal e nder hareeji Xhosa 1779 haa 1878 hakkunde leñol Xhosa bannge gooto e koloñaal en Afrikaner e Laamaandi Angalteer bannge goɗɗo,[9] e nder hitaande 1835, leñol Fingover ngol wonnoo ko e daande maayo. E jamaanu apartaayd, leslese ɗee ngoni ko e keeri hirnaange leydi Ciskei ndi innde mum jeytaare. Hakkunde 1846 e 1847, nokku hunduko maayo Fish wonti nokku ɗo golle keewɗe mbaɗata e nder wolde Axe, gooto e woldeeji keeri keewɗi e oon sahaa hakkunde leñol Xhosa e Angalteer. Laana ndiwoowa feewnaama to maayo Fish ngam jokkondirde e Koloni Kap (bannge hirnaange maayo ngoo) e Waterloo Bay (bay tokooso sara hunduko maayo Old Woman ngo jooni rewata ko e nokku resort Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, inniraa ko laana gadana jippinooka kaɓirɗe e nder maayo ngoo, ko nokku ɗo soldateeɓe e kaɓirɗe njippii e wolde ndee. Laanaaji keewɗi njippiima e daande maayo Liɗɗi e nder ɗii duuɓi.[10] Ko ɗeeɗoo nokkuuji daartol teskini e daande maayo Fish, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nder nokkuuji Fish River Sun Resort ɗi sosiyetee oo etinooma reende:

=== Kampaañ konu Maitland ===
Kampaañ konu mawɗo oo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo debbo mawɗo, ina wiyee Kap Maitland, ngam teddinde Sir Peregrine Maitland, guwerneer Koloni Kap. Innde ndee waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti Fort Albert ngam teddinde jom suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria. Kampaañ oo ina waɗi cuuɗi e laylayti taariiɗi leydi, ɗi ngoppitaa ko e joofnirde wolde ndee. Nokku kampaañ oo ‘yiytaa’ nde geɗe keewɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo nokku golf Fish River Sun.[10]

=== Koɗorɗe Broxholm ===
Won Sergeant C. Broxholm ina wiyee ko kañum mahi tan mbaydi ndi wuuri e wolde ndee, woni bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo. Mahaaɗo e hitaande 1846, o soodi suudu nduu hitaande caggal ɗuum, o soodi ɗum Mr. J. Kidd mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Wesleyan, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina ɗaminii waɗde golle misiyoŋaaji to Waterloo Bay.

=== Ceerno Konunkooɓe ===
Won e soldateeɓe maayɓe e njiimaandi Waterloo Bay, mbaraama e nder yanaande tokosere saraaji fuɗnaange maayo Old Woman. Yannge ɗee maandetaaka kono ina sikkaa ko toon terɗe konu 6 e 45 e Cape Levy mbaraa. Laɓɓingol hakkunde ɓulli dunli ina maantiniri nokku oo e dow jeyi Fish River Sun Resort.[10]

=== Kampaañ siwil en ===</text>
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      <text bytes="7572" sha1="70jenflnhhr2a4uzv28my6o5u8pcx1g" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)[1] ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.[2]

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,[3] ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.[4]

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.[3]

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.[5]

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.[6]

=== Daabaaji ===
Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.[7]

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

== Tariya ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, maayo ngoo waɗii keeri Koloni Kap[8], ngo waɗii luural mawngal e nder hareeji Xhosa 1779 haa 1878 hakkunde leñol Xhosa bannge gooto e koloñaal en Afrikaner e Laamaandi Angalteer bannge goɗɗo,[9] e nder hitaande 1835, leñol Fingover ngol wonnoo ko e daande maayo. E jamaanu apartaayd, leslese ɗee ngoni ko e keeri hirnaange leydi Ciskei ndi innde mum jeytaare. Hakkunde 1846 e 1847, nokku hunduko maayo Fish wonti nokku ɗo golle keewɗe mbaɗata e nder wolde Axe, gooto e woldeeji keeri keewɗi e oon sahaa hakkunde leñol Xhosa e Angalteer. Laana ndiwoowa feewnaama to maayo Fish ngam jokkondirde e Koloni Kap (bannge hirnaange maayo ngoo) e Waterloo Bay (bay tokooso sara hunduko maayo Old Woman ngo jooni rewata ko e nokku resort Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, inniraa ko laana gadana jippinooka kaɓirɗe e nder maayo ngoo, ko nokku ɗo soldateeɓe e kaɓirɗe njippii e wolde ndee. Laanaaji keewɗi njippiima e daande maayo Liɗɗi e nder ɗii duuɓi.[10] Ko ɗeeɗoo nokkuuji daartol teskini e daande maayo Fish, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nder nokkuuji Fish River Sun Resort ɗi sosiyetee oo etinooma reende:

=== Kampaañ konu Maitland ===
Kampaañ konu mawɗo oo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo debbo mawɗo, ina wiyee Kap Maitland, ngam teddinde Sir Peregrine Maitland, guwerneer Koloni Kap. Innde ndee waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti Fort Albert ngam teddinde jom suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria. Kampaañ oo ina waɗi cuuɗi e laylayti taariiɗi leydi, ɗi ngoppitaa ko e joofnirde wolde ndee. Nokku kampaañ oo ‘yiytaa’ nde geɗe keewɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo nokku golf Fish River Sun.[10]

=== Koɗorɗe Broxholm ===
Won Sergeant C. Broxholm ina wiyee ko kañum mahi tan mbaydi ndi wuuri e wolde ndee, woni bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo. Mahaaɗo e hitaande 1846, o soodi suudu nduu hitaande caggal ɗuum, o soodi ɗum Mr. J. Kidd mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Wesleyan, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina ɗaminii waɗde golle misiyoŋaaji to Waterloo Bay.

=== Ceerno Konunkooɓe ===
Won e soldateeɓe maayɓe e njiimaandi Waterloo Bay, mbaraama e nder yanaande tokosere saraaji fuɗnaange maayo Old Woman. Yannge ɗee maandetaaka kono ina sikkaa ko toon terɗe konu 6 e 45 e Cape Levy mbaraa. Laɓɓingol hakkunde ɓulli dunli ina maantiniri nokku oo e dow jeyi Fish River Sun Resort.[10]

=== Kampaañ siwil en ===
Kampaañ siwil mawɗo e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hoɗorde jokkondirnde e golle konu ina wayi no woni ko e bannge hirnaange maayo debbo mawɗo. Heddiiɓe e daartol fof hannde ina njuɓɓinaa e nokku ɗo golf fijirtee ɗoo.[10]

=== Laanaaji ɓuuɓɗi ===
Heddiiɓe e laanaaji Catherine e Justina ina mbaawi yiyeede haa jooni e diƴƴe. Laanaaji ɗii njippiima e kitaale 1840, ɗi ngoni ko e 1 km e daande maayo Liɗɗi.[10]

== Sigga ==

=== Fijooji ===

* Innde maggal fof e wonde, liɗɗi baɗeteeɗi e saraaji maggal (ko ɓuri heewde e les) ko adii fof ko ngam wellitaare.
* Hitaande kala, maraton laana ndiwoowa maayo liɗɗi, ko kewu laana ndiwoowa keewngu waɗeede e nder balɗe ɗiɗi tuggi baraas Grassridge haa Cradock.
* Diwde e nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo, ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, sabu laanaaji diwooje keewɗi ɗi mbaawi taweede : SS Cariboo, SS Kilbrennan e Waterloo, ngam siftinde heen seeɗa.

=== Otel Naange maayo liɗɗi e nokku njulaagu leydi ===
Otel Fish River Sun e Country Club Resort ko nokku njulaagu Sun International to hunduko maayo Fish to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik worgo. Naange maayo liɗɗi udditi dame mum ko e lewru marse 1989, ko otel e kasino. Jeyi 184 000 ektaar to bannge fuɗnaange maayo Liɗɗi, fawii ko e diiwaan Ciskei e oon sahaa, leydi Bantustan ɓooyndi e laamu apartaayd.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>174811</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-20T09:47:54Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="9368" sha1="4z1k8yd1gfncrpo1yih8kdygg9bott1" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)[1] ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.[2]

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,[3] ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.[4]

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.[3]

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.[5]

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.[6]

=== Daabaaji ===
Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.[7]

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

== Tariya ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, maayo ngoo waɗii keeri Koloni Kap[8], ngo waɗii luural mawngal e nder hareeji Xhosa 1779 haa 1878 hakkunde leñol Xhosa bannge gooto e koloñaal en Afrikaner e Laamaandi Angalteer bannge goɗɗo,[9] e nder hitaande 1835, leñol Fingover ngol wonnoo ko e daande maayo. E jamaanu apartaayd, leslese ɗee ngoni ko e keeri hirnaange leydi Ciskei ndi innde mum jeytaare. Hakkunde 1846 e 1847, nokku hunduko maayo Fish wonti nokku ɗo golle keewɗe mbaɗata e nder wolde Axe, gooto e woldeeji keeri keewɗi e oon sahaa hakkunde leñol Xhosa e Angalteer. Laana ndiwoowa feewnaama to maayo Fish ngam jokkondirde e Koloni Kap (bannge hirnaange maayo ngoo) e Waterloo Bay (bay tokooso sara hunduko maayo Old Woman ngo jooni rewata ko e nokku resort Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, inniraa ko laana gadana jippinooka kaɓirɗe e nder maayo ngoo, ko nokku ɗo soldateeɓe e kaɓirɗe njippii e wolde ndee. Laanaaji keewɗi njippiima e daande maayo Liɗɗi e nder ɗii duuɓi.[10] Ko ɗeeɗoo nokkuuji daartol teskini e daande maayo Fish, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nder nokkuuji Fish River Sun Resort ɗi sosiyetee oo etinooma reende:

=== Kampaañ konu Maitland ===
Kampaañ konu mawɗo oo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo debbo mawɗo, ina wiyee Kap Maitland, ngam teddinde Sir Peregrine Maitland, guwerneer Koloni Kap. Innde ndee waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti Fort Albert ngam teddinde jom suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria. Kampaañ oo ina waɗi cuuɗi e laylayti taariiɗi leydi, ɗi ngoppitaa ko e joofnirde wolde ndee. Nokku kampaañ oo ‘yiytaa’ nde geɗe keewɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo nokku golf Fish River Sun.[10]

=== Koɗorɗe Broxholm ===
Won Sergeant C. Broxholm ina wiyee ko kañum mahi tan mbaydi ndi wuuri e wolde ndee, woni bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo. Mahaaɗo e hitaande 1846, o soodi suudu nduu hitaande caggal ɗuum, o soodi ɗum Mr. J. Kidd mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Wesleyan, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina ɗaminii waɗde golle misiyoŋaaji to Waterloo Bay.

=== Ceerno Konunkooɓe ===
Won e soldateeɓe maayɓe e njiimaandi Waterloo Bay, mbaraama e nder yanaande tokosere saraaji fuɗnaange maayo Old Woman. Yannge ɗee maandetaaka kono ina sikkaa ko toon terɗe konu 6 e 45 e Cape Levy mbaraa. Laɓɓingol hakkunde ɓulli dunli ina maantiniri nokku oo e dow jeyi Fish River Sun Resort.[10]

=== Kampaañ siwil en ===
Kampaañ siwil mawɗo e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hoɗorde jokkondirnde e golle konu ina wayi no woni ko e bannge hirnaange maayo debbo mawɗo. Heddiiɓe e daartol fof hannde ina njuɓɓinaa e nokku ɗo golf fijirtee ɗoo.[10]

=== Laanaaji ɓuuɓɗi ===
Heddiiɓe e laanaaji Catherine e Justina ina mbaawi yiyeede haa jooni e diƴƴe. Laanaaji ɗii njippiima e kitaale 1840, ɗi ngoni ko e 1 km e daande maayo Liɗɗi.[10]

== Sigga ==

=== Fijooji ===

* Innde maggal fof e wonde, liɗɗi baɗeteeɗi e saraaji maggal (ko ɓuri heewde e les) ko adii fof ko ngam wellitaare.
* Hitaande kala, maraton laana ndiwoowa maayo liɗɗi, ko kewu laana ndiwoowa keewngu waɗeede e nder balɗe ɗiɗi tuggi baraas Grassridge haa Cradock.
* Diwde e nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo, ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, sabu laanaaji diwooje keewɗi ɗi mbaawi taweede : SS Cariboo, SS Kilbrennan e Waterloo, ngam siftinde heen seeɗa.

=== Otel Naange maayo liɗɗi e nokku njulaagu leydi ===
Otel Fish River Sun e Country Club Resort ko nokku njulaagu Sun International to hunduko maayo Fish to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik worgo. Naange maayo liɗɗi udditi dame mum ko e lewru marse 1989, ko otel e kasino. Jeyi 184 000 ektaar to bannge fuɗnaange maayo Liɗɗi, fawii ko e diiwaan Ciskei e oon sahaa, leydi Bantustan ɓooyndi e laamu apartaayd. Otel oo, kasino oo e nokku golf oo ina njokki wonde nokku turisma ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede e nder diiwaan hee, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu kasino oo, sibu lisaas ina rokketee seeɗa e nder Afrik worgo. Sosiyetee resort oo dañii caɗeele mawɗe nde laylaytol mum kasino ngol ɓeydaaka caggal duuɓi sappo, haa joofni e hitaande 1999. Fotde hoɗorde ndee wayliima gila e otel, wonti nokku njulaagu (club de vacation) golloowo e dow ballal waktuuji (timeshare). Yiilirde njulaagu to Kap fuɗnaange rokkii yamiroore njulaagu goɗɗo to Port Elizabeth, saraaji mum, Sun International kadi ina gollina ɗum, e nder nokku njulaagu Boardwalk e nokku njulaagu winndere. E nder bidsee laylaytol ngol, Boardwalk jaɓii ɓeydude njoɓdi toppitagol Naange maayo Liɗɗi e nder golle mum e ƴellitaare teeru e nder diiwaan hee. Golle ɗee ina mbaɗi njulaagu, yah-ngartaa e tagoodi, golf, yahde e duunde, yahde e laana, liɗɗi, mini-golf, e safaaraaji spa.

Won nokku golf mo Gary Player waɗi, mo limtaa e nder 30 nokku golf ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo.[11] Maayo debbo mawɗo ina doga e laawol ngol. Kursuum oo yuɓɓinii won e kewuuji mawɗi ina jeyaa heen Africa Open e hitaande 2008.

== Toɓɓere Liɗɗi Mawnde ==
Great Fish Point ko nokku lampa gonɗo sara hunduko maayo Great Fish, fotde 25 km e nokku njulaagu daande maayo biyeteeɗo Port Alfred.

Ko adii nde fitirla kaa mahaa e hitaande 1898, lampaaji ɗiɗi laana ndiwoowa kollitooji fitirlaaji daneeji tabitɗi ina mbaɗaa e dow ŋoral to Port Alfred, kono ɗiin fitirlaaji caggal ɗuum kollitii wonde ɗi ŋakkaani. Siistem waktuuji meeɗnooɗo diwde lenyol ngol ina heddii haa jooni, ina hollira.

Hay so tawii fitirla kaa e hoore mum ina toowi tan ko meeteruuji 9 (30 ft), ina woni e 76 meeter (249 ft) dow koye maayo.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)[1] ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.[2]

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,[3] ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.[4]

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.[3]

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.[5]

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.[6]

=== Daabaaji ===
Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.[7]

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

== Tariya ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, maayo ngoo waɗii keeri Koloni Kap[8], ngo waɗii luural mawngal e nder hareeji Xhosa 1779 haa 1878 hakkunde leñol Xhosa bannge gooto e koloñaal en Afrikaner e Laamaandi Angalteer bannge goɗɗo,[9] e nder hitaande 1835, leñol Fingover ngol wonnoo ko e daande maayo. E jamaanu apartaayd, leslese ɗee ngoni ko e keeri hirnaange leydi Ciskei ndi innde mum jeytaare. Hakkunde 1846 e 1847, nokku hunduko maayo Fish wonti nokku ɗo golle keewɗe mbaɗata e nder wolde Axe, gooto e woldeeji keeri keewɗi e oon sahaa hakkunde leñol Xhosa e Angalteer. Laana ndiwoowa feewnaama to maayo Fish ngam jokkondirde e Koloni Kap (bannge hirnaange maayo ngoo) e Waterloo Bay (bay tokooso sara hunduko maayo Old Woman ngo jooni rewata ko e nokku resort Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, inniraa ko laana gadana jippinooka kaɓirɗe e nder maayo ngoo, ko nokku ɗo soldateeɓe e kaɓirɗe njippii e wolde ndee. Laanaaji keewɗi njippiima e daande maayo Liɗɗi e nder ɗii duuɓi.[10] Ko ɗeeɗoo nokkuuji daartol teskini e daande maayo Fish, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nder nokkuuji Fish River Sun Resort ɗi sosiyetee oo etinooma reende:

=== Kampaañ konu Maitland ===
Kampaañ konu mawɗo oo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo debbo mawɗo, ina wiyee Kap Maitland, ngam teddinde Sir Peregrine Maitland, guwerneer Koloni Kap. Innde ndee waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti Fort Albert ngam teddinde jom suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria. Kampaañ oo ina waɗi cuuɗi e laylayti taariiɗi leydi, ɗi ngoppitaa ko e joofnirde wolde ndee. Nokku kampaañ oo ‘yiytaa’ nde geɗe keewɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo nokku golf Fish River Sun.[10]

=== Koɗorɗe Broxholm ===
Won Sergeant C. Broxholm ina wiyee ko kañum mahi tan mbaydi ndi wuuri e wolde ndee, woni bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo. Mahaaɗo e hitaande 1846, o soodi suudu nduu hitaande caggal ɗuum, o soodi ɗum Mr. J. Kidd mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Wesleyan, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina ɗaminii waɗde golle misiyoŋaaji to Waterloo Bay.

=== Ceerno Konunkooɓe ===
Won e soldateeɓe maayɓe e njiimaandi Waterloo Bay, mbaraama e nder yanaande tokosere saraaji fuɗnaange maayo Old Woman. Yannge ɗee maandetaaka kono ina sikkaa ko toon terɗe konu 6 e 45 e Cape Levy mbaraa. Laɓɓingol hakkunde ɓulli dunli ina maantiniri nokku oo e dow jeyi Fish River Sun Resort.[10]

=== Kampaañ siwil en ===
Kampaañ siwil mawɗo e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hoɗorde jokkondirnde e golle konu ina wayi no woni ko e bannge hirnaange maayo debbo mawɗo. Heddiiɓe e daartol fof hannde ina njuɓɓinaa e nokku ɗo golf fijirtee ɗoo.[10]

=== Laanaaji ɓuuɓɗi ===
Heddiiɓe e laanaaji Catherine e Justina ina mbaawi yiyeede haa jooni e diƴƴe. Laanaaji ɗii njippiima e kitaale 1840, ɗi ngoni ko e 1 km e daande maayo Liɗɗi.[10]

== Sigga ==

=== Fijooji ===

* Innde maggal fof e wonde, liɗɗi baɗeteeɗi e saraaji maggal (ko ɓuri heewde e les) ko adii fof ko ngam wellitaare.
* Hitaande kala, maraton laana ndiwoowa maayo liɗɗi, ko kewu laana ndiwoowa keewngu waɗeede e nder balɗe ɗiɗi tuggi baraas Grassridge haa Cradock.
* Diwde e nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo, ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, sabu laanaaji diwooje keewɗi ɗi mbaawi taweede : SS Cariboo, SS Kilbrennan e Waterloo, ngam siftinde heen seeɗa.

=== Otel Naange maayo liɗɗi e nokku njulaagu leydi ===
Otel Fish River Sun e Country Club Resort ko nokku njulaagu Sun International to hunduko maayo Fish to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik worgo. Naange maayo liɗɗi udditi dame mum ko e lewru marse 1989, ko otel e kasino. Jeyi 184 000 ektaar to bannge fuɗnaange maayo Liɗɗi, fawii ko e diiwaan Ciskei e oon sahaa, leydi Bantustan ɓooyndi e laamu apartaayd. Otel oo, kasino oo e nokku golf oo ina njokki wonde nokku turisma ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede e nder diiwaan hee, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu kasino oo, sibu lisaas ina rokketee seeɗa e nder Afrik worgo. Sosiyetee resort oo dañii caɗeele mawɗe nde laylaytol mum kasino ngol ɓeydaaka caggal duuɓi sappo, haa joofni e hitaande 1999. Fotde hoɗorde ndee wayliima gila e otel, wonti nokku njulaagu (club de vacation) golloowo e dow ballal waktuuji (timeshare). Yiilirde njulaagu to Kap fuɗnaange rokkii yamiroore njulaagu goɗɗo to Port Elizabeth, saraaji mum, Sun International kadi ina gollina ɗum, e nder nokku njulaagu Boardwalk e nokku njulaagu winndere. E nder bidsee laylaytol ngol, Boardwalk jaɓii ɓeydude njoɓdi toppitagol Naange maayo Liɗɗi e nder golle mum e ƴellitaare teeru e nder diiwaan hee. Golle ɗee ina mbaɗi njulaagu, yah-ngartaa e tagoodi, golf, yahde e duunde, yahde e laana, liɗɗi, mini-golf, e safaaraaji spa.

Won nokku golf mo Gary Player waɗi, mo limtaa e nder 30 nokku golf ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo.[11] Maayo debbo mawɗo ina doga e laawol ngol. Kursuum oo yuɓɓinii won e kewuuji mawɗi ina jeyaa heen Africa Open e hitaande 2008.

== Toɓɓere Liɗɗi Mawnde ==
Great Fish Point ko nokku lampa gonɗo sara hunduko maayo Great Fish, fotde 25 km e nokku njulaagu daande maayo biyeteeɗo Port Alfred.

Ko adii nde fitirla kaa mahaa e hitaande 1898, lampaaji ɗiɗi laana ndiwoowa kollitooji fitirlaaji daneeji tabitɗi ina mbaɗaa e dow ŋoral to Port Alfred, kono ɗiin fitirlaaji caggal ɗuum kollitii wonde ɗi ŋakkaani. Siistem waktuuji meeɗnooɗo diwde lenyol ngol ina heddii haa jooni, ina hollira.

Hay so tawii fitirla kaa e hoore mum ina toowi tan ko meeteruuji 9 (30 ft), ina woni e 76 meeter (249 ft) dow koye maayo.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Riviere van Suid-Afrika&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.[2]

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,[3] ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.[4]

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.[3]

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.[5]

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.[6]

=== Daabaaji ===
Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.[7]

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

== Tariya ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, maayo ngoo waɗii keeri Koloni Kap[8], ngo waɗii luural mawngal e nder hareeji Xhosa 1779 haa 1878 hakkunde leñol Xhosa bannge gooto e koloñaal en Afrikaner e Laamaandi Angalteer bannge goɗɗo,[9] e nder hitaande 1835, leñol Fingover ngol wonnoo ko e daande maayo. E jamaanu apartaayd, leslese ɗee ngoni ko e keeri hirnaange leydi Ciskei ndi innde mum jeytaare. Hakkunde 1846 e 1847, nokku hunduko maayo Fish wonti nokku ɗo golle keewɗe mbaɗata e nder wolde Axe, gooto e woldeeji keeri keewɗi e oon sahaa hakkunde leñol Xhosa e Angalteer. Laana ndiwoowa feewnaama to maayo Fish ngam jokkondirde e Koloni Kap (bannge hirnaange maayo ngoo) e Waterloo Bay (bay tokooso sara hunduko maayo Old Woman ngo jooni rewata ko e nokku resort Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, inniraa ko laana gadana jippinooka kaɓirɗe e nder maayo ngoo, ko nokku ɗo soldateeɓe e kaɓirɗe njippii e wolde ndee. Laanaaji keewɗi njippiima e daande maayo Liɗɗi e nder ɗii duuɓi.[10] Ko ɗeeɗoo nokkuuji daartol teskini e daande maayo Fish, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nder nokkuuji Fish River Sun Resort ɗi sosiyetee oo etinooma reende:

=== Kampaañ konu Maitland ===
Kampaañ konu mawɗo oo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo debbo mawɗo, ina wiyee Kap Maitland, ngam teddinde Sir Peregrine Maitland, guwerneer Koloni Kap. Innde ndee waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti Fort Albert ngam teddinde jom suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria. Kampaañ oo ina waɗi cuuɗi e laylayti taariiɗi leydi, ɗi ngoppitaa ko e joofnirde wolde ndee. Nokku kampaañ oo ‘yiytaa’ nde geɗe keewɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo nokku golf Fish River Sun.[10]

=== Koɗorɗe Broxholm ===
Won Sergeant C. Broxholm ina wiyee ko kañum mahi tan mbaydi ndi wuuri e wolde ndee, woni bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo. Mahaaɗo e hitaande 1846, o soodi suudu nduu hitaande caggal ɗuum, o soodi ɗum Mr. J. Kidd mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Wesleyan, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina ɗaminii waɗde golle misiyoŋaaji to Waterloo Bay.

=== Ceerno Konunkooɓe ===
Won e soldateeɓe maayɓe e njiimaandi Waterloo Bay, mbaraama e nder yanaande tokosere saraaji fuɗnaange maayo Old Woman. Yannge ɗee maandetaaka kono ina sikkaa ko toon terɗe konu 6 e 45 e Cape Levy mbaraa. Laɓɓingol hakkunde ɓulli dunli ina maantiniri nokku oo e dow jeyi Fish River Sun Resort.[10]

=== Kampaañ siwil en ===
Kampaañ siwil mawɗo e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hoɗorde jokkondirnde e golle konu ina wayi no woni ko e bannge hirnaange maayo debbo mawɗo. Heddiiɓe e daartol fof hannde ina njuɓɓinaa e nokku ɗo golf fijirtee ɗoo.[10]

=== Laanaaji ɓuuɓɗi ===
Heddiiɓe e laanaaji Catherine e Justina ina mbaawi yiyeede haa jooni e diƴƴe. Laanaaji ɗii njippiima e kitaale 1840, ɗi ngoni ko e 1 km e daande maayo Liɗɗi.[10]

== Sigga ==

=== Fijooji ===

* Innde maggal fof e wonde, liɗɗi baɗeteeɗi e saraaji maggal (ko ɓuri heewde e les) ko adii fof ko ngam wellitaare.
* Hitaande kala, maraton laana ndiwoowa maayo liɗɗi, ko kewu laana ndiwoowa keewngu waɗeede e nder balɗe ɗiɗi tuggi baraas Grassridge haa Cradock.
* Diwde e nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo, ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, sabu laanaaji diwooje keewɗi ɗi mbaawi taweede : SS Cariboo, SS Kilbrennan e Waterloo, ngam siftinde heen seeɗa.

=== Otel Naange maayo liɗɗi e nokku njulaagu leydi ===
Otel Fish River Sun e Country Club Resort ko nokku njulaagu Sun International to hunduko maayo Fish to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik worgo. Naange maayo liɗɗi udditi dame mum ko e lewru marse 1989, ko otel e kasino. Jeyi 184 000 ektaar to bannge fuɗnaange maayo Liɗɗi, fawii ko e diiwaan Ciskei e oon sahaa, leydi Bantustan ɓooyndi e laamu apartaayd. Otel oo, kasino oo e nokku golf oo ina njokki wonde nokku turisma ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede e nder diiwaan hee, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu kasino oo, sibu lisaas ina rokketee seeɗa e nder Afrik worgo. Sosiyetee resort oo dañii caɗeele mawɗe nde laylaytol mum kasino ngol ɓeydaaka caggal duuɓi sappo, haa joofni e hitaande 1999. Fotde hoɗorde ndee wayliima gila e otel, wonti nokku njulaagu (club de vacation) golloowo e dow ballal waktuuji (timeshare). Yiilirde njulaagu to Kap fuɗnaange rokkii yamiroore njulaagu goɗɗo to Port Elizabeth, saraaji mum, Sun International kadi ina gollina ɗum, e nder nokku njulaagu Boardwalk e nokku njulaagu winndere. E nder bidsee laylaytol ngol, Boardwalk jaɓii ɓeydude njoɓdi toppitagol Naange maayo Liɗɗi e nder golle mum e ƴellitaare teeru e nder diiwaan hee. Golle ɗee ina mbaɗi njulaagu, yah-ngartaa e tagoodi, golf, yahde e duunde, yahde e laana, liɗɗi, mini-golf, e safaaraaji spa.

Won nokku golf mo Gary Player waɗi, mo limtaa e nder 30 nokku golf ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo.[11] Maayo debbo mawɗo ina doga e laawol ngol. Kursuum oo yuɓɓinii won e kewuuji mawɗi ina jeyaa heen Africa Open e hitaande 2008.

== Toɓɓere Liɗɗi Mawnde ==
Great Fish Point ko nokku lampa gonɗo sara hunduko maayo Great Fish, fotde 25 km e nokku njulaagu daande maayo biyeteeɗo Port Alfred.

Ko adii nde fitirla kaa mahaa e hitaande 1898, lampaaji ɗiɗi laana ndiwoowa kollitooji fitirlaaji daneeji tabitɗi ina mbaɗaa e dow ŋoral to Port Alfred, kono ɗiin fitirlaaji caggal ɗuum kollitii wonde ɗi ŋakkaani. Siistem waktuuji meeɗnooɗo diwde lenyol ngol ina heddii haa jooni, ina hollira.

Hay so tawii fitirla kaa e hoore mum ina toowi tan ko meeteruuji 9 (30 ft), ina woni e 76 meeter (249 ft) dow koye maayo.

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'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Riviere van Suid-Afrika&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.&lt;ref&gt;Raper, Peter Edmund (1987). Dictionary of Southern African Place Names. Johannesburg: Human Science Research Council. (public domain)&lt;/ref&gt;

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,[3] ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.[4]

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.[3]

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.[5]

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.[6]

=== Daabaaji ===
Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.[7]

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

== Tariya ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, maayo ngoo waɗii keeri Koloni Kap[8], ngo waɗii luural mawngal e nder hareeji Xhosa 1779 haa 1878 hakkunde leñol Xhosa bannge gooto e koloñaal en Afrikaner e Laamaandi Angalteer bannge goɗɗo,[9] e nder hitaande 1835, leñol Fingover ngol wonnoo ko e daande maayo. E jamaanu apartaayd, leslese ɗee ngoni ko e keeri hirnaange leydi Ciskei ndi innde mum jeytaare. Hakkunde 1846 e 1847, nokku hunduko maayo Fish wonti nokku ɗo golle keewɗe mbaɗata e nder wolde Axe, gooto e woldeeji keeri keewɗi e oon sahaa hakkunde leñol Xhosa e Angalteer. Laana ndiwoowa feewnaama to maayo Fish ngam jokkondirde e Koloni Kap (bannge hirnaange maayo ngoo) e Waterloo Bay (bay tokooso sara hunduko maayo Old Woman ngo jooni rewata ko e nokku resort Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, inniraa ko laana gadana jippinooka kaɓirɗe e nder maayo ngoo, ko nokku ɗo soldateeɓe e kaɓirɗe njippii e wolde ndee. Laanaaji keewɗi njippiima e daande maayo Liɗɗi e nder ɗii duuɓi.[10] Ko ɗeeɗoo nokkuuji daartol teskini e daande maayo Fish, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nder nokkuuji Fish River Sun Resort ɗi sosiyetee oo etinooma reende:

=== Kampaañ konu Maitland ===
Kampaañ konu mawɗo oo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo debbo mawɗo, ina wiyee Kap Maitland, ngam teddinde Sir Peregrine Maitland, guwerneer Koloni Kap. Innde ndee waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti Fort Albert ngam teddinde jom suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria. Kampaañ oo ina waɗi cuuɗi e laylayti taariiɗi leydi, ɗi ngoppitaa ko e joofnirde wolde ndee. Nokku kampaañ oo ‘yiytaa’ nde geɗe keewɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo nokku golf Fish River Sun.[10]

=== Koɗorɗe Broxholm ===
Won Sergeant C. Broxholm ina wiyee ko kañum mahi tan mbaydi ndi wuuri e wolde ndee, woni bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo. Mahaaɗo e hitaande 1846, o soodi suudu nduu hitaande caggal ɗuum, o soodi ɗum Mr. J. Kidd mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Wesleyan, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina ɗaminii waɗde golle misiyoŋaaji to Waterloo Bay.

=== Ceerno Konunkooɓe ===
Won e soldateeɓe maayɓe e njiimaandi Waterloo Bay, mbaraama e nder yanaande tokosere saraaji fuɗnaange maayo Old Woman. Yannge ɗee maandetaaka kono ina sikkaa ko toon terɗe konu 6 e 45 e Cape Levy mbaraa. Laɓɓingol hakkunde ɓulli dunli ina maantiniri nokku oo e dow jeyi Fish River Sun Resort.[10]

=== Kampaañ siwil en ===
Kampaañ siwil mawɗo e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hoɗorde jokkondirnde e golle konu ina wayi no woni ko e bannge hirnaange maayo debbo mawɗo. Heddiiɓe e daartol fof hannde ina njuɓɓinaa e nokku ɗo golf fijirtee ɗoo.[10]

=== Laanaaji ɓuuɓɗi ===
Heddiiɓe e laanaaji Catherine e Justina ina mbaawi yiyeede haa jooni e diƴƴe. Laanaaji ɗii njippiima e kitaale 1840, ɗi ngoni ko e 1 km e daande maayo Liɗɗi.[10]

== Sigga ==

=== Fijooji ===

* Innde maggal fof e wonde, liɗɗi baɗeteeɗi e saraaji maggal (ko ɓuri heewde e les) ko adii fof ko ngam wellitaare.
* Hitaande kala, maraton laana ndiwoowa maayo liɗɗi, ko kewu laana ndiwoowa keewngu waɗeede e nder balɗe ɗiɗi tuggi baraas Grassridge haa Cradock.
* Diwde e nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo, ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, sabu laanaaji diwooje keewɗi ɗi mbaawi taweede : SS Cariboo, SS Kilbrennan e Waterloo, ngam siftinde heen seeɗa.

=== Otel Naange maayo liɗɗi e nokku njulaagu leydi ===
Otel Fish River Sun e Country Club Resort ko nokku njulaagu Sun International to hunduko maayo Fish to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik worgo. Naange maayo liɗɗi udditi dame mum ko e lewru marse 1989, ko otel e kasino. Jeyi 184 000 ektaar to bannge fuɗnaange maayo Liɗɗi, fawii ko e diiwaan Ciskei e oon sahaa, leydi Bantustan ɓooyndi e laamu apartaayd. Otel oo, kasino oo e nokku golf oo ina njokki wonde nokku turisma ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede e nder diiwaan hee, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu kasino oo, sibu lisaas ina rokketee seeɗa e nder Afrik worgo. Sosiyetee resort oo dañii caɗeele mawɗe nde laylaytol mum kasino ngol ɓeydaaka caggal duuɓi sappo, haa joofni e hitaande 1999. Fotde hoɗorde ndee wayliima gila e otel, wonti nokku njulaagu (club de vacation) golloowo e dow ballal waktuuji (timeshare). Yiilirde njulaagu to Kap fuɗnaange rokkii yamiroore njulaagu goɗɗo to Port Elizabeth, saraaji mum, Sun International kadi ina gollina ɗum, e nder nokku njulaagu Boardwalk e nokku njulaagu winndere. E nder bidsee laylaytol ngol, Boardwalk jaɓii ɓeydude njoɓdi toppitagol Naange maayo Liɗɗi e nder golle mum e ƴellitaare teeru e nder diiwaan hee. Golle ɗee ina mbaɗi njulaagu, yah-ngartaa e tagoodi, golf, yahde e duunde, yahde e laana, liɗɗi, mini-golf, e safaaraaji spa.

Won nokku golf mo Gary Player waɗi, mo limtaa e nder 30 nokku golf ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo.[11] Maayo debbo mawɗo ina doga e laawol ngol. Kursuum oo yuɓɓinii won e kewuuji mawɗi ina jeyaa heen Africa Open e hitaande 2008.

== Toɓɓere Liɗɗi Mawnde ==
Great Fish Point ko nokku lampa gonɗo sara hunduko maayo Great Fish, fotde 25 km e nokku njulaagu daande maayo biyeteeɗo Port Alfred.

Ko adii nde fitirla kaa mahaa e hitaande 1898, lampaaji ɗiɗi laana ndiwoowa kollitooji fitirlaaji daneeji tabitɗi ina mbaɗaa e dow ŋoral to Port Alfred, kono ɗiin fitirlaaji caggal ɗuum kollitii wonde ɗi ŋakkaani. Siistem waktuuji meeɗnooɗo diwde lenyol ngol ina heddii haa jooni, ina hollira.

Hay so tawii fitirla kaa e hoore mum ina toowi tan ko meeteruuji 9 (30 ft), ina woni e 76 meeter (249 ft) dow koye maayo.

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'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Riviere van Suid-Afrika&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.&lt;ref&gt;Raper, Peter Edmund (1987). Dictionary of Southern African Place Names. Johannesburg: Human Science Research Council. (public domain)&lt;/ref&gt;

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,&lt;ref&gt;Toit, Chris Marais and Julienne du (11 October 2023). &quot;Cradock II: The Fish, the Show, the Ghosts &amp; the Trekbokke&quot;. Daily Maverick. Retrieved 31 January 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.[4]

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.[3]

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.[5]

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.[6]

=== Daabaaji ===
Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.[7]

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

== Tariya ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, maayo ngoo waɗii keeri Koloni Kap[8], ngo waɗii luural mawngal e nder hareeji Xhosa 1779 haa 1878 hakkunde leñol Xhosa bannge gooto e koloñaal en Afrikaner e Laamaandi Angalteer bannge goɗɗo,[9] e nder hitaande 1835, leñol Fingover ngol wonnoo ko e daande maayo. E jamaanu apartaayd, leslese ɗee ngoni ko e keeri hirnaange leydi Ciskei ndi innde mum jeytaare. Hakkunde 1846 e 1847, nokku hunduko maayo Fish wonti nokku ɗo golle keewɗe mbaɗata e nder wolde Axe, gooto e woldeeji keeri keewɗi e oon sahaa hakkunde leñol Xhosa e Angalteer. Laana ndiwoowa feewnaama to maayo Fish ngam jokkondirde e Koloni Kap (bannge hirnaange maayo ngoo) e Waterloo Bay (bay tokooso sara hunduko maayo Old Woman ngo jooni rewata ko e nokku resort Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, inniraa ko laana gadana jippinooka kaɓirɗe e nder maayo ngoo, ko nokku ɗo soldateeɓe e kaɓirɗe njippii e wolde ndee. Laanaaji keewɗi njippiima e daande maayo Liɗɗi e nder ɗii duuɓi.[10] Ko ɗeeɗoo nokkuuji daartol teskini e daande maayo Fish, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nder nokkuuji Fish River Sun Resort ɗi sosiyetee oo etinooma reende:

=== Kampaañ konu Maitland ===
Kampaañ konu mawɗo oo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo debbo mawɗo, ina wiyee Kap Maitland, ngam teddinde Sir Peregrine Maitland, guwerneer Koloni Kap. Innde ndee waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti Fort Albert ngam teddinde jom suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria. Kampaañ oo ina waɗi cuuɗi e laylayti taariiɗi leydi, ɗi ngoppitaa ko e joofnirde wolde ndee. Nokku kampaañ oo ‘yiytaa’ nde geɗe keewɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo nokku golf Fish River Sun.[10]

=== Koɗorɗe Broxholm ===
Won Sergeant C. Broxholm ina wiyee ko kañum mahi tan mbaydi ndi wuuri e wolde ndee, woni bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo. Mahaaɗo e hitaande 1846, o soodi suudu nduu hitaande caggal ɗuum, o soodi ɗum Mr. J. Kidd mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Wesleyan, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina ɗaminii waɗde golle misiyoŋaaji to Waterloo Bay.

=== Ceerno Konunkooɓe ===
Won e soldateeɓe maayɓe e njiimaandi Waterloo Bay, mbaraama e nder yanaande tokosere saraaji fuɗnaange maayo Old Woman. Yannge ɗee maandetaaka kono ina sikkaa ko toon terɗe konu 6 e 45 e Cape Levy mbaraa. Laɓɓingol hakkunde ɓulli dunli ina maantiniri nokku oo e dow jeyi Fish River Sun Resort.[10]

=== Kampaañ siwil en ===
Kampaañ siwil mawɗo e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hoɗorde jokkondirnde e golle konu ina wayi no woni ko e bannge hirnaange maayo debbo mawɗo. Heddiiɓe e daartol fof hannde ina njuɓɓinaa e nokku ɗo golf fijirtee ɗoo.[10]

=== Laanaaji ɓuuɓɗi ===
Heddiiɓe e laanaaji Catherine e Justina ina mbaawi yiyeede haa jooni e diƴƴe. Laanaaji ɗii njippiima e kitaale 1840, ɗi ngoni ko e 1 km e daande maayo Liɗɗi.[10]

== Sigga ==

=== Fijooji ===

* Innde maggal fof e wonde, liɗɗi baɗeteeɗi e saraaji maggal (ko ɓuri heewde e les) ko adii fof ko ngam wellitaare.
* Hitaande kala, maraton laana ndiwoowa maayo liɗɗi, ko kewu laana ndiwoowa keewngu waɗeede e nder balɗe ɗiɗi tuggi baraas Grassridge haa Cradock.
* Diwde e nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo, ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, sabu laanaaji diwooje keewɗi ɗi mbaawi taweede : SS Cariboo, SS Kilbrennan e Waterloo, ngam siftinde heen seeɗa.

=== Otel Naange maayo liɗɗi e nokku njulaagu leydi ===
Otel Fish River Sun e Country Club Resort ko nokku njulaagu Sun International to hunduko maayo Fish to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik worgo. Naange maayo liɗɗi udditi dame mum ko e lewru marse 1989, ko otel e kasino. Jeyi 184 000 ektaar to bannge fuɗnaange maayo Liɗɗi, fawii ko e diiwaan Ciskei e oon sahaa, leydi Bantustan ɓooyndi e laamu apartaayd. Otel oo, kasino oo e nokku golf oo ina njokki wonde nokku turisma ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede e nder diiwaan hee, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu kasino oo, sibu lisaas ina rokketee seeɗa e nder Afrik worgo. Sosiyetee resort oo dañii caɗeele mawɗe nde laylaytol mum kasino ngol ɓeydaaka caggal duuɓi sappo, haa joofni e hitaande 1999. Fotde hoɗorde ndee wayliima gila e otel, wonti nokku njulaagu (club de vacation) golloowo e dow ballal waktuuji (timeshare). Yiilirde njulaagu to Kap fuɗnaange rokkii yamiroore njulaagu goɗɗo to Port Elizabeth, saraaji mum, Sun International kadi ina gollina ɗum, e nder nokku njulaagu Boardwalk e nokku njulaagu winndere. E nder bidsee laylaytol ngol, Boardwalk jaɓii ɓeydude njoɓdi toppitagol Naange maayo Liɗɗi e nder golle mum e ƴellitaare teeru e nder diiwaan hee. Golle ɗee ina mbaɗi njulaagu, yah-ngartaa e tagoodi, golf, yahde e duunde, yahde e laana, liɗɗi, mini-golf, e safaaraaji spa.

Won nokku golf mo Gary Player waɗi, mo limtaa e nder 30 nokku golf ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo.[11] Maayo debbo mawɗo ina doga e laawol ngol. Kursuum oo yuɓɓinii won e kewuuji mawɗi ina jeyaa heen Africa Open e hitaande 2008.

== Toɓɓere Liɗɗi Mawnde ==
Great Fish Point ko nokku lampa gonɗo sara hunduko maayo Great Fish, fotde 25 km e nokku njulaagu daande maayo biyeteeɗo Port Alfred.

Ko adii nde fitirla kaa mahaa e hitaande 1898, lampaaji ɗiɗi laana ndiwoowa kollitooji fitirlaaji daneeji tabitɗi ina mbaɗaa e dow ŋoral to Port Alfred, kono ɗiin fitirlaaji caggal ɗuum kollitii wonde ɗi ŋakkaani. Siistem waktuuji meeɗnooɗo diwde lenyol ngol ina heddii haa jooni, ina hollira.

Hay so tawii fitirla kaa e hoore mum ina toowi tan ko meeteruuji 9 (30 ft), ina woni e 76 meeter (249 ft) dow koye maayo.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Riviere van Suid-Afrika&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.&lt;ref&gt;Raper, Peter Edmund (1987). Dictionary of Southern African Place Names. Johannesburg: Human Science Research Council. (public domain)&lt;/ref&gt;

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,&lt;ref&gt;Toit, Chris Marais and Julienne du (11 October 2023). &quot;Cradock II: The Fish, the Show, the Ghosts &amp; the Trekbokke&quot;. Daily Maverick. Retrieved 31 January 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.&lt;ref&gt;O'Keeffe, J. H.; De Moor, F. C. (January 1988). &quot;Changes in the physico-chemistry and benthic invertebrates of the great fish river, South Africa, following an interbasin transfer of water&quot;. Regulated Rivers: Research &amp; Management. 2 (1): 39–55. doi:10.1002/rrr.3450020105. ISSN 0886-9375.&lt;/ref&gt;

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.[3]

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.[5]

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.[6]

=== Daabaaji ===
Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.[7]

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

== Tariya ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, maayo ngoo waɗii keeri Koloni Kap[8], ngo waɗii luural mawngal e nder hareeji Xhosa 1779 haa 1878 hakkunde leñol Xhosa bannge gooto e koloñaal en Afrikaner e Laamaandi Angalteer bannge goɗɗo,[9] e nder hitaande 1835, leñol Fingover ngol wonnoo ko e daande maayo. E jamaanu apartaayd, leslese ɗee ngoni ko e keeri hirnaange leydi Ciskei ndi innde mum jeytaare. Hakkunde 1846 e 1847, nokku hunduko maayo Fish wonti nokku ɗo golle keewɗe mbaɗata e nder wolde Axe, gooto e woldeeji keeri keewɗi e oon sahaa hakkunde leñol Xhosa e Angalteer. Laana ndiwoowa feewnaama to maayo Fish ngam jokkondirde e Koloni Kap (bannge hirnaange maayo ngoo) e Waterloo Bay (bay tokooso sara hunduko maayo Old Woman ngo jooni rewata ko e nokku resort Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, inniraa ko laana gadana jippinooka kaɓirɗe e nder maayo ngoo, ko nokku ɗo soldateeɓe e kaɓirɗe njippii e wolde ndee. Laanaaji keewɗi njippiima e daande maayo Liɗɗi e nder ɗii duuɓi.[10] Ko ɗeeɗoo nokkuuji daartol teskini e daande maayo Fish, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nder nokkuuji Fish River Sun Resort ɗi sosiyetee oo etinooma reende:

=== Kampaañ konu Maitland ===
Kampaañ konu mawɗo oo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo debbo mawɗo, ina wiyee Kap Maitland, ngam teddinde Sir Peregrine Maitland, guwerneer Koloni Kap. Innde ndee waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti Fort Albert ngam teddinde jom suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria. Kampaañ oo ina waɗi cuuɗi e laylayti taariiɗi leydi, ɗi ngoppitaa ko e joofnirde wolde ndee. Nokku kampaañ oo ‘yiytaa’ nde geɗe keewɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo nokku golf Fish River Sun.[10]

=== Koɗorɗe Broxholm ===
Won Sergeant C. Broxholm ina wiyee ko kañum mahi tan mbaydi ndi wuuri e wolde ndee, woni bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo. Mahaaɗo e hitaande 1846, o soodi suudu nduu hitaande caggal ɗuum, o soodi ɗum Mr. J. Kidd mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Wesleyan, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina ɗaminii waɗde golle misiyoŋaaji to Waterloo Bay.

=== Ceerno Konunkooɓe ===
Won e soldateeɓe maayɓe e njiimaandi Waterloo Bay, mbaraama e nder yanaande tokosere saraaji fuɗnaange maayo Old Woman. Yannge ɗee maandetaaka kono ina sikkaa ko toon terɗe konu 6 e 45 e Cape Levy mbaraa. Laɓɓingol hakkunde ɓulli dunli ina maantiniri nokku oo e dow jeyi Fish River Sun Resort.[10]

=== Kampaañ siwil en ===
Kampaañ siwil mawɗo e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hoɗorde jokkondirnde e golle konu ina wayi no woni ko e bannge hirnaange maayo debbo mawɗo. Heddiiɓe e daartol fof hannde ina njuɓɓinaa e nokku ɗo golf fijirtee ɗoo.[10]

=== Laanaaji ɓuuɓɗi ===
Heddiiɓe e laanaaji Catherine e Justina ina mbaawi yiyeede haa jooni e diƴƴe. Laanaaji ɗii njippiima e kitaale 1840, ɗi ngoni ko e 1 km e daande maayo Liɗɗi.[10]

== Sigga ==

=== Fijooji ===

* Innde maggal fof e wonde, liɗɗi baɗeteeɗi e saraaji maggal (ko ɓuri heewde e les) ko adii fof ko ngam wellitaare.
* Hitaande kala, maraton laana ndiwoowa maayo liɗɗi, ko kewu laana ndiwoowa keewngu waɗeede e nder balɗe ɗiɗi tuggi baraas Grassridge haa Cradock.
* Diwde e nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo, ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, sabu laanaaji diwooje keewɗi ɗi mbaawi taweede : SS Cariboo, SS Kilbrennan e Waterloo, ngam siftinde heen seeɗa.

=== Otel Naange maayo liɗɗi e nokku njulaagu leydi ===
Otel Fish River Sun e Country Club Resort ko nokku njulaagu Sun International to hunduko maayo Fish to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik worgo. Naange maayo liɗɗi udditi dame mum ko e lewru marse 1989, ko otel e kasino. Jeyi 184 000 ektaar to bannge fuɗnaange maayo Liɗɗi, fawii ko e diiwaan Ciskei e oon sahaa, leydi Bantustan ɓooyndi e laamu apartaayd. Otel oo, kasino oo e nokku golf oo ina njokki wonde nokku turisma ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede e nder diiwaan hee, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu kasino oo, sibu lisaas ina rokketee seeɗa e nder Afrik worgo. Sosiyetee resort oo dañii caɗeele mawɗe nde laylaytol mum kasino ngol ɓeydaaka caggal duuɓi sappo, haa joofni e hitaande 1999. Fotde hoɗorde ndee wayliima gila e otel, wonti nokku njulaagu (club de vacation) golloowo e dow ballal waktuuji (timeshare). Yiilirde njulaagu to Kap fuɗnaange rokkii yamiroore njulaagu goɗɗo to Port Elizabeth, saraaji mum, Sun International kadi ina gollina ɗum, e nder nokku njulaagu Boardwalk e nokku njulaagu winndere. E nder bidsee laylaytol ngol, Boardwalk jaɓii ɓeydude njoɓdi toppitagol Naange maayo Liɗɗi e nder golle mum e ƴellitaare teeru e nder diiwaan hee. Golle ɗee ina mbaɗi njulaagu, yah-ngartaa e tagoodi, golf, yahde e duunde, yahde e laana, liɗɗi, mini-golf, e safaaraaji spa.

Won nokku golf mo Gary Player waɗi, mo limtaa e nder 30 nokku golf ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo.[11] Maayo debbo mawɗo ina doga e laawol ngol. Kursuum oo yuɓɓinii won e kewuuji mawɗi ina jeyaa heen Africa Open e hitaande 2008.

== Toɓɓere Liɗɗi Mawnde ==
Great Fish Point ko nokku lampa gonɗo sara hunduko maayo Great Fish, fotde 25 km e nokku njulaagu daande maayo biyeteeɗo Port Alfred.

Ko adii nde fitirla kaa mahaa e hitaande 1898, lampaaji ɗiɗi laana ndiwoowa kollitooji fitirlaaji daneeji tabitɗi ina mbaɗaa e dow ŋoral to Port Alfred, kono ɗiin fitirlaaji caggal ɗuum kollitii wonde ɗi ŋakkaani. Siistem waktuuji meeɗnooɗo diwde lenyol ngol ina heddii haa jooni, ina hollira.

Hay so tawii fitirla kaa e hoore mum ina toowi tan ko meeteruuji 9 (30 ft), ina woni e 76 meeter (249 ft) dow koye maayo.

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'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Riviere van Suid-Afrika&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.&lt;ref&gt;Raper, Peter Edmund (1987). Dictionary of Southern African Place Names. Johannesburg: Human Science Research Council. (public domain)&lt;/ref&gt;

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Toit, Chris Marais and Julienne du (11 October 2023). &quot;Cradock II: The Fish, the Show, the Ghosts &amp; the Trekbokke&quot;. Daily Maverick. Retrieved 31 January 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.&lt;ref&gt;O'Keeffe, J. H.; De Moor, F. C. (January 1988). &quot;Changes in the physico-chemistry and benthic invertebrates of the great fish river, South Africa, following an interbasin transfer of water&quot;. Regulated Rivers: Research &amp; Management. 2 (1): 39–55. doi:10.1002/rrr.3450020105. ISSN 0886-9375.&lt;/ref&gt;

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.[5]

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.[6]

=== Daabaaji ===
Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.[7]

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

== Tariya ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, maayo ngoo waɗii keeri Koloni Kap[8], ngo waɗii luural mawngal e nder hareeji Xhosa 1779 haa 1878 hakkunde leñol Xhosa bannge gooto e koloñaal en Afrikaner e Laamaandi Angalteer bannge goɗɗo,[9] e nder hitaande 1835, leñol Fingover ngol wonnoo ko e daande maayo. E jamaanu apartaayd, leslese ɗee ngoni ko e keeri hirnaange leydi Ciskei ndi innde mum jeytaare. Hakkunde 1846 e 1847, nokku hunduko maayo Fish wonti nokku ɗo golle keewɗe mbaɗata e nder wolde Axe, gooto e woldeeji keeri keewɗi e oon sahaa hakkunde leñol Xhosa e Angalteer. Laana ndiwoowa feewnaama to maayo Fish ngam jokkondirde e Koloni Kap (bannge hirnaange maayo ngoo) e Waterloo Bay (bay tokooso sara hunduko maayo Old Woman ngo jooni rewata ko e nokku resort Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, inniraa ko laana gadana jippinooka kaɓirɗe e nder maayo ngoo, ko nokku ɗo soldateeɓe e kaɓirɗe njippii e wolde ndee. Laanaaji keewɗi njippiima e daande maayo Liɗɗi e nder ɗii duuɓi.[10] Ko ɗeeɗoo nokkuuji daartol teskini e daande maayo Fish, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nder nokkuuji Fish River Sun Resort ɗi sosiyetee oo etinooma reende:

=== Kampaañ konu Maitland ===
Kampaañ konu mawɗo oo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo debbo mawɗo, ina wiyee Kap Maitland, ngam teddinde Sir Peregrine Maitland, guwerneer Koloni Kap. Innde ndee waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti Fort Albert ngam teddinde jom suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria. Kampaañ oo ina waɗi cuuɗi e laylayti taariiɗi leydi, ɗi ngoppitaa ko e joofnirde wolde ndee. Nokku kampaañ oo ‘yiytaa’ nde geɗe keewɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo nokku golf Fish River Sun.[10]

=== Koɗorɗe Broxholm ===
Won Sergeant C. Broxholm ina wiyee ko kañum mahi tan mbaydi ndi wuuri e wolde ndee, woni bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo. Mahaaɗo e hitaande 1846, o soodi suudu nduu hitaande caggal ɗuum, o soodi ɗum Mr. J. Kidd mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Wesleyan, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina ɗaminii waɗde golle misiyoŋaaji to Waterloo Bay.

=== Ceerno Konunkooɓe ===
Won e soldateeɓe maayɓe e njiimaandi Waterloo Bay, mbaraama e nder yanaande tokosere saraaji fuɗnaange maayo Old Woman. Yannge ɗee maandetaaka kono ina sikkaa ko toon terɗe konu 6 e 45 e Cape Levy mbaraa. Laɓɓingol hakkunde ɓulli dunli ina maantiniri nokku oo e dow jeyi Fish River Sun Resort.[10]

=== Kampaañ siwil en ===
Kampaañ siwil mawɗo e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hoɗorde jokkondirnde e golle konu ina wayi no woni ko e bannge hirnaange maayo debbo mawɗo. Heddiiɓe e daartol fof hannde ina njuɓɓinaa e nokku ɗo golf fijirtee ɗoo.[10]

=== Laanaaji ɓuuɓɗi ===
Heddiiɓe e laanaaji Catherine e Justina ina mbaawi yiyeede haa jooni e diƴƴe. Laanaaji ɗii njippiima e kitaale 1840, ɗi ngoni ko e 1 km e daande maayo Liɗɗi.[10]

== Sigga ==

=== Fijooji ===

* Innde maggal fof e wonde, liɗɗi baɗeteeɗi e saraaji maggal (ko ɓuri heewde e les) ko adii fof ko ngam wellitaare.
* Hitaande kala, maraton laana ndiwoowa maayo liɗɗi, ko kewu laana ndiwoowa keewngu waɗeede e nder balɗe ɗiɗi tuggi baraas Grassridge haa Cradock.
* Diwde e nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo, ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, sabu laanaaji diwooje keewɗi ɗi mbaawi taweede : SS Cariboo, SS Kilbrennan e Waterloo, ngam siftinde heen seeɗa.

=== Otel Naange maayo liɗɗi e nokku njulaagu leydi ===
Otel Fish River Sun e Country Club Resort ko nokku njulaagu Sun International to hunduko maayo Fish to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik worgo. Naange maayo liɗɗi udditi dame mum ko e lewru marse 1989, ko otel e kasino. Jeyi 184 000 ektaar to bannge fuɗnaange maayo Liɗɗi, fawii ko e diiwaan Ciskei e oon sahaa, leydi Bantustan ɓooyndi e laamu apartaayd. Otel oo, kasino oo e nokku golf oo ina njokki wonde nokku turisma ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede e nder diiwaan hee, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu kasino oo, sibu lisaas ina rokketee seeɗa e nder Afrik worgo. Sosiyetee resort oo dañii caɗeele mawɗe nde laylaytol mum kasino ngol ɓeydaaka caggal duuɓi sappo, haa joofni e hitaande 1999. Fotde hoɗorde ndee wayliima gila e otel, wonti nokku njulaagu (club de vacation) golloowo e dow ballal waktuuji (timeshare). Yiilirde njulaagu to Kap fuɗnaange rokkii yamiroore njulaagu goɗɗo to Port Elizabeth, saraaji mum, Sun International kadi ina gollina ɗum, e nder nokku njulaagu Boardwalk e nokku njulaagu winndere. E nder bidsee laylaytol ngol, Boardwalk jaɓii ɓeydude njoɓdi toppitagol Naange maayo Liɗɗi e nder golle mum e ƴellitaare teeru e nder diiwaan hee. Golle ɗee ina mbaɗi njulaagu, yah-ngartaa e tagoodi, golf, yahde e duunde, yahde e laana, liɗɗi, mini-golf, e safaaraaji spa.

Won nokku golf mo Gary Player waɗi, mo limtaa e nder 30 nokku golf ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo.[11] Maayo debbo mawɗo ina doga e laawol ngol. Kursuum oo yuɓɓinii won e kewuuji mawɗi ina jeyaa heen Africa Open e hitaande 2008.

== Toɓɓere Liɗɗi Mawnde ==
Great Fish Point ko nokku lampa gonɗo sara hunduko maayo Great Fish, fotde 25 km e nokku njulaagu daande maayo biyeteeɗo Port Alfred.

Ko adii nde fitirla kaa mahaa e hitaande 1898, lampaaji ɗiɗi laana ndiwoowa kollitooji fitirlaaji daneeji tabitɗi ina mbaɗaa e dow ŋoral to Port Alfred, kono ɗiin fitirlaaji caggal ɗuum kollitii wonde ɗi ŋakkaani. Siistem waktuuji meeɗnooɗo diwde lenyol ngol ina heddii haa jooni, ina hollira.

Hay so tawii fitirla kaa e hoore mum ina toowi tan ko meeteruuji 9 (30 ft), ina woni e 76 meeter (249 ft) dow koye maayo.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Riviere van Suid-Afrika&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.&lt;ref&gt;Raper, Peter Edmund (1987). Dictionary of Southern African Place Names. Johannesburg: Human Science Research Council. (public domain)&lt;/ref&gt;

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Toit, Chris Marais and Julienne du (11 October 2023). &quot;Cradock II: The Fish, the Show, the Ghosts &amp; the Trekbokke&quot;. Daily Maverick. Retrieved 31 January 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.&lt;ref&gt;O'Keeffe, J. H.; De Moor, F. C. (January 1988). &quot;Changes in the physico-chemistry and benthic invertebrates of the great fish river, South Africa, following an interbasin transfer of water&quot;. Regulated Rivers: Research &amp; Management. 2 (1): 39–55. doi:10.1002/rrr.3450020105. ISSN 0886-9375.&lt;/ref&gt;

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fish to Tsitsikama WMA 15&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.[6]

=== Daabaaji ===
Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.[7]

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

== Tariya ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, maayo ngoo waɗii keeri Koloni Kap[8], ngo waɗii luural mawngal e nder hareeji Xhosa 1779 haa 1878 hakkunde leñol Xhosa bannge gooto e koloñaal en Afrikaner e Laamaandi Angalteer bannge goɗɗo,[9] e nder hitaande 1835, leñol Fingover ngol wonnoo ko e daande maayo. E jamaanu apartaayd, leslese ɗee ngoni ko e keeri hirnaange leydi Ciskei ndi innde mum jeytaare. Hakkunde 1846 e 1847, nokku hunduko maayo Fish wonti nokku ɗo golle keewɗe mbaɗata e nder wolde Axe, gooto e woldeeji keeri keewɗi e oon sahaa hakkunde leñol Xhosa e Angalteer. Laana ndiwoowa feewnaama to maayo Fish ngam jokkondirde e Koloni Kap (bannge hirnaange maayo ngoo) e Waterloo Bay (bay tokooso sara hunduko maayo Old Woman ngo jooni rewata ko e nokku resort Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, inniraa ko laana gadana jippinooka kaɓirɗe e nder maayo ngoo, ko nokku ɗo soldateeɓe e kaɓirɗe njippii e wolde ndee. Laanaaji keewɗi njippiima e daande maayo Liɗɗi e nder ɗii duuɓi.[10] Ko ɗeeɗoo nokkuuji daartol teskini e daande maayo Fish, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nder nokkuuji Fish River Sun Resort ɗi sosiyetee oo etinooma reende:

=== Kampaañ konu Maitland ===
Kampaañ konu mawɗo oo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo debbo mawɗo, ina wiyee Kap Maitland, ngam teddinde Sir Peregrine Maitland, guwerneer Koloni Kap. Innde ndee waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti Fort Albert ngam teddinde jom suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria. Kampaañ oo ina waɗi cuuɗi e laylayti taariiɗi leydi, ɗi ngoppitaa ko e joofnirde wolde ndee. Nokku kampaañ oo ‘yiytaa’ nde geɗe keewɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo nokku golf Fish River Sun.[10]

=== Koɗorɗe Broxholm ===
Won Sergeant C. Broxholm ina wiyee ko kañum mahi tan mbaydi ndi wuuri e wolde ndee, woni bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo. Mahaaɗo e hitaande 1846, o soodi suudu nduu hitaande caggal ɗuum, o soodi ɗum Mr. J. Kidd mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Wesleyan, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina ɗaminii waɗde golle misiyoŋaaji to Waterloo Bay.

=== Ceerno Konunkooɓe ===
Won e soldateeɓe maayɓe e njiimaandi Waterloo Bay, mbaraama e nder yanaande tokosere saraaji fuɗnaange maayo Old Woman. Yannge ɗee maandetaaka kono ina sikkaa ko toon terɗe konu 6 e 45 e Cape Levy mbaraa. Laɓɓingol hakkunde ɓulli dunli ina maantiniri nokku oo e dow jeyi Fish River Sun Resort.[10]

=== Kampaañ siwil en ===
Kampaañ siwil mawɗo e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hoɗorde jokkondirnde e golle konu ina wayi no woni ko e bannge hirnaange maayo debbo mawɗo. Heddiiɓe e daartol fof hannde ina njuɓɓinaa e nokku ɗo golf fijirtee ɗoo.[10]

=== Laanaaji ɓuuɓɗi ===
Heddiiɓe e laanaaji Catherine e Justina ina mbaawi yiyeede haa jooni e diƴƴe. Laanaaji ɗii njippiima e kitaale 1840, ɗi ngoni ko e 1 km e daande maayo Liɗɗi.[10]

== Sigga ==

=== Fijooji ===

* Innde maggal fof e wonde, liɗɗi baɗeteeɗi e saraaji maggal (ko ɓuri heewde e les) ko adii fof ko ngam wellitaare.
* Hitaande kala, maraton laana ndiwoowa maayo liɗɗi, ko kewu laana ndiwoowa keewngu waɗeede e nder balɗe ɗiɗi tuggi baraas Grassridge haa Cradock.
* Diwde e nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo, ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, sabu laanaaji diwooje keewɗi ɗi mbaawi taweede : SS Cariboo, SS Kilbrennan e Waterloo, ngam siftinde heen seeɗa.

=== Otel Naange maayo liɗɗi e nokku njulaagu leydi ===
Otel Fish River Sun e Country Club Resort ko nokku njulaagu Sun International to hunduko maayo Fish to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik worgo. Naange maayo liɗɗi udditi dame mum ko e lewru marse 1989, ko otel e kasino. Jeyi 184 000 ektaar to bannge fuɗnaange maayo Liɗɗi, fawii ko e diiwaan Ciskei e oon sahaa, leydi Bantustan ɓooyndi e laamu apartaayd. Otel oo, kasino oo e nokku golf oo ina njokki wonde nokku turisma ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede e nder diiwaan hee, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu kasino oo, sibu lisaas ina rokketee seeɗa e nder Afrik worgo. Sosiyetee resort oo dañii caɗeele mawɗe nde laylaytol mum kasino ngol ɓeydaaka caggal duuɓi sappo, haa joofni e hitaande 1999. Fotde hoɗorde ndee wayliima gila e otel, wonti nokku njulaagu (club de vacation) golloowo e dow ballal waktuuji (timeshare). Yiilirde njulaagu to Kap fuɗnaange rokkii yamiroore njulaagu goɗɗo to Port Elizabeth, saraaji mum, Sun International kadi ina gollina ɗum, e nder nokku njulaagu Boardwalk e nokku njulaagu winndere. E nder bidsee laylaytol ngol, Boardwalk jaɓii ɓeydude njoɓdi toppitagol Naange maayo Liɗɗi e nder golle mum e ƴellitaare teeru e nder diiwaan hee. Golle ɗee ina mbaɗi njulaagu, yah-ngartaa e tagoodi, golf, yahde e duunde, yahde e laana, liɗɗi, mini-golf, e safaaraaji spa.

Won nokku golf mo Gary Player waɗi, mo limtaa e nder 30 nokku golf ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo.[11] Maayo debbo mawɗo ina doga e laawol ngol. Kursuum oo yuɓɓinii won e kewuuji mawɗi ina jeyaa heen Africa Open e hitaande 2008.

== Toɓɓere Liɗɗi Mawnde ==
Great Fish Point ko nokku lampa gonɗo sara hunduko maayo Great Fish, fotde 25 km e nokku njulaagu daande maayo biyeteeɗo Port Alfred.

Ko adii nde fitirla kaa mahaa e hitaande 1898, lampaaji ɗiɗi laana ndiwoowa kollitooji fitirlaaji daneeji tabitɗi ina mbaɗaa e dow ŋoral to Port Alfred, kono ɗiin fitirlaaji caggal ɗuum kollitii wonde ɗi ŋakkaani. Siistem waktuuji meeɗnooɗo diwde lenyol ngol ina heddii haa jooni, ina hollira.

Hay so tawii fitirla kaa e hoore mum ina toowi tan ko meeteruuji 9 (30 ft), ina woni e 76 meeter (249 ft) dow koye maayo.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Riviere van Suid-Afrika&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.&lt;ref&gt;Raper, Peter Edmund (1987). Dictionary of Southern African Place Names. Johannesburg: Human Science Research Council. (public domain)&lt;/ref&gt;

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Toit, Chris Marais and Julienne du (11 October 2023). &quot;Cradock II: The Fish, the Show, the Ghosts &amp; the Trekbokke&quot;. Daily Maverick. Retrieved 31 January 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.&lt;ref&gt;O'Keeffe, J. H.; De Moor, F. C. (January 1988). &quot;Changes in the physico-chemistry and benthic invertebrates of the great fish river, South Africa, following an interbasin transfer of water&quot;. Regulated Rivers: Research &amp; Management. 2 (1): 39–55. doi:10.1002/rrr.3450020105. ISSN 0886-9375.&lt;/ref&gt;

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fish to Tsitsikama WMA 15&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Landscape of the Great Fish River, South Africa&quot;. www.nature-reserve.co.za. Retrieved 20 October 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Daabaaji ===
Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.[7]

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

== Tariya ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, maayo ngoo waɗii keeri Koloni Kap[8], ngo waɗii luural mawngal e nder hareeji Xhosa 1779 haa 1878 hakkunde leñol Xhosa bannge gooto e koloñaal en Afrikaner e Laamaandi Angalteer bannge goɗɗo,[9] e nder hitaande 1835, leñol Fingover ngol wonnoo ko e daande maayo. E jamaanu apartaayd, leslese ɗee ngoni ko e keeri hirnaange leydi Ciskei ndi innde mum jeytaare. Hakkunde 1846 e 1847, nokku hunduko maayo Fish wonti nokku ɗo golle keewɗe mbaɗata e nder wolde Axe, gooto e woldeeji keeri keewɗi e oon sahaa hakkunde leñol Xhosa e Angalteer. Laana ndiwoowa feewnaama to maayo Fish ngam jokkondirde e Koloni Kap (bannge hirnaange maayo ngoo) e Waterloo Bay (bay tokooso sara hunduko maayo Old Woman ngo jooni rewata ko e nokku resort Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, inniraa ko laana gadana jippinooka kaɓirɗe e nder maayo ngoo, ko nokku ɗo soldateeɓe e kaɓirɗe njippii e wolde ndee. Laanaaji keewɗi njippiima e daande maayo Liɗɗi e nder ɗii duuɓi.[10] Ko ɗeeɗoo nokkuuji daartol teskini e daande maayo Fish, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nder nokkuuji Fish River Sun Resort ɗi sosiyetee oo etinooma reende:

=== Kampaañ konu Maitland ===
Kampaañ konu mawɗo oo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo debbo mawɗo, ina wiyee Kap Maitland, ngam teddinde Sir Peregrine Maitland, guwerneer Koloni Kap. Innde ndee waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti Fort Albert ngam teddinde jom suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria. Kampaañ oo ina waɗi cuuɗi e laylayti taariiɗi leydi, ɗi ngoppitaa ko e joofnirde wolde ndee. Nokku kampaañ oo ‘yiytaa’ nde geɗe keewɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo nokku golf Fish River Sun.[10]

=== Koɗorɗe Broxholm ===
Won Sergeant C. Broxholm ina wiyee ko kañum mahi tan mbaydi ndi wuuri e wolde ndee, woni bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo. Mahaaɗo e hitaande 1846, o soodi suudu nduu hitaande caggal ɗuum, o soodi ɗum Mr. J. Kidd mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Wesleyan, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina ɗaminii waɗde golle misiyoŋaaji to Waterloo Bay.

=== Ceerno Konunkooɓe ===
Won e soldateeɓe maayɓe e njiimaandi Waterloo Bay, mbaraama e nder yanaande tokosere saraaji fuɗnaange maayo Old Woman. Yannge ɗee maandetaaka kono ina sikkaa ko toon terɗe konu 6 e 45 e Cape Levy mbaraa. Laɓɓingol hakkunde ɓulli dunli ina maantiniri nokku oo e dow jeyi Fish River Sun Resort.[10]

=== Kampaañ siwil en ===
Kampaañ siwil mawɗo e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hoɗorde jokkondirnde e golle konu ina wayi no woni ko e bannge hirnaange maayo debbo mawɗo. Heddiiɓe e daartol fof hannde ina njuɓɓinaa e nokku ɗo golf fijirtee ɗoo.[10]

=== Laanaaji ɓuuɓɗi ===
Heddiiɓe e laanaaji Catherine e Justina ina mbaawi yiyeede haa jooni e diƴƴe. Laanaaji ɗii njippiima e kitaale 1840, ɗi ngoni ko e 1 km e daande maayo Liɗɗi.[10]

== Sigga ==

=== Fijooji ===

* Innde maggal fof e wonde, liɗɗi baɗeteeɗi e saraaji maggal (ko ɓuri heewde e les) ko adii fof ko ngam wellitaare.
* Hitaande kala, maraton laana ndiwoowa maayo liɗɗi, ko kewu laana ndiwoowa keewngu waɗeede e nder balɗe ɗiɗi tuggi baraas Grassridge haa Cradock.
* Diwde e nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo, ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, sabu laanaaji diwooje keewɗi ɗi mbaawi taweede : SS Cariboo, SS Kilbrennan e Waterloo, ngam siftinde heen seeɗa.

=== Otel Naange maayo liɗɗi e nokku njulaagu leydi ===
Otel Fish River Sun e Country Club Resort ko nokku njulaagu Sun International to hunduko maayo Fish to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik worgo. Naange maayo liɗɗi udditi dame mum ko e lewru marse 1989, ko otel e kasino. Jeyi 184 000 ektaar to bannge fuɗnaange maayo Liɗɗi, fawii ko e diiwaan Ciskei e oon sahaa, leydi Bantustan ɓooyndi e laamu apartaayd. Otel oo, kasino oo e nokku golf oo ina njokki wonde nokku turisma ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede e nder diiwaan hee, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu kasino oo, sibu lisaas ina rokketee seeɗa e nder Afrik worgo. Sosiyetee resort oo dañii caɗeele mawɗe nde laylaytol mum kasino ngol ɓeydaaka caggal duuɓi sappo, haa joofni e hitaande 1999. Fotde hoɗorde ndee wayliima gila e otel, wonti nokku njulaagu (club de vacation) golloowo e dow ballal waktuuji (timeshare). Yiilirde njulaagu to Kap fuɗnaange rokkii yamiroore njulaagu goɗɗo to Port Elizabeth, saraaji mum, Sun International kadi ina gollina ɗum, e nder nokku njulaagu Boardwalk e nokku njulaagu winndere. E nder bidsee laylaytol ngol, Boardwalk jaɓii ɓeydude njoɓdi toppitagol Naange maayo Liɗɗi e nder golle mum e ƴellitaare teeru e nder diiwaan hee. Golle ɗee ina mbaɗi njulaagu, yah-ngartaa e tagoodi, golf, yahde e duunde, yahde e laana, liɗɗi, mini-golf, e safaaraaji spa.

Won nokku golf mo Gary Player waɗi, mo limtaa e nder 30 nokku golf ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo.[11] Maayo debbo mawɗo ina doga e laawol ngol. Kursuum oo yuɓɓinii won e kewuuji mawɗi ina jeyaa heen Africa Open e hitaande 2008.

== Toɓɓere Liɗɗi Mawnde ==
Great Fish Point ko nokku lampa gonɗo sara hunduko maayo Great Fish, fotde 25 km e nokku njulaagu daande maayo biyeteeɗo Port Alfred.

Ko adii nde fitirla kaa mahaa e hitaande 1898, lampaaji ɗiɗi laana ndiwoowa kollitooji fitirlaaji daneeji tabitɗi ina mbaɗaa e dow ŋoral to Port Alfred, kono ɗiin fitirlaaji caggal ɗuum kollitii wonde ɗi ŋakkaani. Siistem waktuuji meeɗnooɗo diwde lenyol ngol ina heddii haa jooni, ina hollira.

Hay so tawii fitirla kaa e hoore mum ina toowi tan ko meeteruuji 9 (30 ft), ina woni e 76 meeter (249 ft) dow koye maayo.

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'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Riviere van Suid-Afrika&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.&lt;ref&gt;Raper, Peter Edmund (1987). Dictionary of Southern African Place Names. Johannesburg: Human Science Research Council. (public domain)&lt;/ref&gt;

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Toit, Chris Marais and Julienne du (11 October 2023). &quot;Cradock II: The Fish, the Show, the Ghosts &amp; the Trekbokke&quot;. Daily Maverick. Retrieved 31 January 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.&lt;ref&gt;O'Keeffe, J. H.; De Moor, F. C. (January 1988). &quot;Changes in the physico-chemistry and benthic invertebrates of the great fish river, South Africa, following an interbasin transfer of water&quot;. Regulated Rivers: Research &amp; Management. 2 (1): 39–55. doi:10.1002/rrr.3450020105. ISSN 0886-9375.&lt;/ref&gt;

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fish to Tsitsikama WMA 15&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Landscape of the Great Fish River, South Africa&quot;. www.nature-reserve.co.za. Retrieved 20 October 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Daabaaji ===
Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Sandelia bainsii&lt;/ref&gt;

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

== Tariya ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, maayo ngoo waɗii keeri Koloni Kap[8], ngo waɗii luural mawngal e nder hareeji Xhosa 1779 haa 1878 hakkunde leñol Xhosa bannge gooto e koloñaal en Afrikaner e Laamaandi Angalteer bannge goɗɗo,[9] e nder hitaande 1835, leñol Fingover ngol wonnoo ko e daande maayo. E jamaanu apartaayd, leslese ɗee ngoni ko e keeri hirnaange leydi Ciskei ndi innde mum jeytaare. Hakkunde 1846 e 1847, nokku hunduko maayo Fish wonti nokku ɗo golle keewɗe mbaɗata e nder wolde Axe, gooto e woldeeji keeri keewɗi e oon sahaa hakkunde leñol Xhosa e Angalteer. Laana ndiwoowa feewnaama to maayo Fish ngam jokkondirde e Koloni Kap (bannge hirnaange maayo ngoo) e Waterloo Bay (bay tokooso sara hunduko maayo Old Woman ngo jooni rewata ko e nokku resort Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, inniraa ko laana gadana jippinooka kaɓirɗe e nder maayo ngoo, ko nokku ɗo soldateeɓe e kaɓirɗe njippii e wolde ndee. Laanaaji keewɗi njippiima e daande maayo Liɗɗi e nder ɗii duuɓi.[10] Ko ɗeeɗoo nokkuuji daartol teskini e daande maayo Fish, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nder nokkuuji Fish River Sun Resort ɗi sosiyetee oo etinooma reende:

=== Kampaañ konu Maitland ===
Kampaañ konu mawɗo oo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo debbo mawɗo, ina wiyee Kap Maitland, ngam teddinde Sir Peregrine Maitland, guwerneer Koloni Kap. Innde ndee waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti Fort Albert ngam teddinde jom suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria. Kampaañ oo ina waɗi cuuɗi e laylayti taariiɗi leydi, ɗi ngoppitaa ko e joofnirde wolde ndee. Nokku kampaañ oo ‘yiytaa’ nde geɗe keewɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo nokku golf Fish River Sun.[10]

=== Koɗorɗe Broxholm ===
Won Sergeant C. Broxholm ina wiyee ko kañum mahi tan mbaydi ndi wuuri e wolde ndee, woni bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo. Mahaaɗo e hitaande 1846, o soodi suudu nduu hitaande caggal ɗuum, o soodi ɗum Mr. J. Kidd mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Wesleyan, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina ɗaminii waɗde golle misiyoŋaaji to Waterloo Bay.

=== Ceerno Konunkooɓe ===
Won e soldateeɓe maayɓe e njiimaandi Waterloo Bay, mbaraama e nder yanaande tokosere saraaji fuɗnaange maayo Old Woman. Yannge ɗee maandetaaka kono ina sikkaa ko toon terɗe konu 6 e 45 e Cape Levy mbaraa. Laɓɓingol hakkunde ɓulli dunli ina maantiniri nokku oo e dow jeyi Fish River Sun Resort.[10]

=== Kampaañ siwil en ===
Kampaañ siwil mawɗo e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hoɗorde jokkondirnde e golle konu ina wayi no woni ko e bannge hirnaange maayo debbo mawɗo. Heddiiɓe e daartol fof hannde ina njuɓɓinaa e nokku ɗo golf fijirtee ɗoo.[10]

=== Laanaaji ɓuuɓɗi ===
Heddiiɓe e laanaaji Catherine e Justina ina mbaawi yiyeede haa jooni e diƴƴe. Laanaaji ɗii njippiima e kitaale 1840, ɗi ngoni ko e 1 km e daande maayo Liɗɗi.[10]

== Sigga ==

=== Fijooji ===

* Innde maggal fof e wonde, liɗɗi baɗeteeɗi e saraaji maggal (ko ɓuri heewde e les) ko adii fof ko ngam wellitaare.
* Hitaande kala, maraton laana ndiwoowa maayo liɗɗi, ko kewu laana ndiwoowa keewngu waɗeede e nder balɗe ɗiɗi tuggi baraas Grassridge haa Cradock.
* Diwde e nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo, ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, sabu laanaaji diwooje keewɗi ɗi mbaawi taweede : SS Cariboo, SS Kilbrennan e Waterloo, ngam siftinde heen seeɗa.

=== Otel Naange maayo liɗɗi e nokku njulaagu leydi ===
Otel Fish River Sun e Country Club Resort ko nokku njulaagu Sun International to hunduko maayo Fish to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik worgo. Naange maayo liɗɗi udditi dame mum ko e lewru marse 1989, ko otel e kasino. Jeyi 184 000 ektaar to bannge fuɗnaange maayo Liɗɗi, fawii ko e diiwaan Ciskei e oon sahaa, leydi Bantustan ɓooyndi e laamu apartaayd. Otel oo, kasino oo e nokku golf oo ina njokki wonde nokku turisma ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede e nder diiwaan hee, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu kasino oo, sibu lisaas ina rokketee seeɗa e nder Afrik worgo. Sosiyetee resort oo dañii caɗeele mawɗe nde laylaytol mum kasino ngol ɓeydaaka caggal duuɓi sappo, haa joofni e hitaande 1999. Fotde hoɗorde ndee wayliima gila e otel, wonti nokku njulaagu (club de vacation) golloowo e dow ballal waktuuji (timeshare). Yiilirde njulaagu to Kap fuɗnaange rokkii yamiroore njulaagu goɗɗo to Port Elizabeth, saraaji mum, Sun International kadi ina gollina ɗum, e nder nokku njulaagu Boardwalk e nokku njulaagu winndere. E nder bidsee laylaytol ngol, Boardwalk jaɓii ɓeydude njoɓdi toppitagol Naange maayo Liɗɗi e nder golle mum e ƴellitaare teeru e nder diiwaan hee. Golle ɗee ina mbaɗi njulaagu, yah-ngartaa e tagoodi, golf, yahde e duunde, yahde e laana, liɗɗi, mini-golf, e safaaraaji spa.

Won nokku golf mo Gary Player waɗi, mo limtaa e nder 30 nokku golf ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo.[11] Maayo debbo mawɗo ina doga e laawol ngol. Kursuum oo yuɓɓinii won e kewuuji mawɗi ina jeyaa heen Africa Open e hitaande 2008.

== Toɓɓere Liɗɗi Mawnde ==
Great Fish Point ko nokku lampa gonɗo sara hunduko maayo Great Fish, fotde 25 km e nokku njulaagu daande maayo biyeteeɗo Port Alfred.

Ko adii nde fitirla kaa mahaa e hitaande 1898, lampaaji ɗiɗi laana ndiwoowa kollitooji fitirlaaji daneeji tabitɗi ina mbaɗaa e dow ŋoral to Port Alfred, kono ɗiin fitirlaaji caggal ɗuum kollitii wonde ɗi ŋakkaani. Siistem waktuuji meeɗnooɗo diwde lenyol ngol ina heddii haa jooni, ina hollira.

Hay so tawii fitirla kaa e hoore mum ina toowi tan ko meeteruuji 9 (30 ft), ina woni e 76 meeter (249 ft) dow koye maayo.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Riviere van Suid-Afrika&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.&lt;ref&gt;Raper, Peter Edmund (1987). Dictionary of Southern African Place Names. Johannesburg: Human Science Research Council. (public domain)&lt;/ref&gt;

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Toit, Chris Marais and Julienne du (11 October 2023). &quot;Cradock II: The Fish, the Show, the Ghosts &amp; the Trekbokke&quot;. Daily Maverick. Retrieved 31 January 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.&lt;ref&gt;O'Keeffe, J. H.; De Moor, F. C. (January 1988). &quot;Changes in the physico-chemistry and benthic invertebrates of the great fish river, South Africa, following an interbasin transfer of water&quot;. Regulated Rivers: Research &amp; Management. 2 (1): 39–55. doi:10.1002/rrr.3450020105. ISSN 0886-9375.&lt;/ref&gt;

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fish to Tsitsikama WMA 15&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Landscape of the Great Fish River, South Africa&quot;. www.nature-reserve.co.za. Retrieved 20 October 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Daabaaji ===
Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Sandelia bainsii&lt;/ref&gt;

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

== Tariya ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, maayo ngoo waɗii keeri Koloni Kap&lt;ref&gt;Theal, George McCall (1894). South Africa (the Cape Colony, Natal, Orange Free State, South African Republic, and all other territories south of the Zambesi). London: Unwin. pp. 87–88. Retrieved 7 February 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;, ngo waɗii luural mawngal e nder hareeji Xhosa 1779 haa 1878 hakkunde leñol Xhosa bannge gooto e koloñaal en Afrikaner e Laamaandi Angalteer bannge goɗɗo,[9] e nder hitaande 1835, leñol Fingover ngol wonnoo ko e daande maayo. E jamaanu apartaayd, leslese ɗee ngoni ko e keeri hirnaange leydi Ciskei ndi innde mum jeytaare. Hakkunde 1846 e 1847, nokku hunduko maayo Fish wonti nokku ɗo golle keewɗe mbaɗata e nder wolde Axe, gooto e woldeeji keeri keewɗi e oon sahaa hakkunde leñol Xhosa e Angalteer. Laana ndiwoowa feewnaama to maayo Fish ngam jokkondirde e Koloni Kap (bannge hirnaange maayo ngoo) e Waterloo Bay (bay tokooso sara hunduko maayo Old Woman ngo jooni rewata ko e nokku resort Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, inniraa ko laana gadana jippinooka kaɓirɗe e nder maayo ngoo, ko nokku ɗo soldateeɓe e kaɓirɗe njippii e wolde ndee. Laanaaji keewɗi njippiima e daande maayo Liɗɗi e nder ɗii duuɓi.[10] Ko ɗeeɗoo nokkuuji daartol teskini e daande maayo Fish, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nder nokkuuji Fish River Sun Resort ɗi sosiyetee oo etinooma reende:

=== Kampaañ konu Maitland ===
Kampaañ konu mawɗo oo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo debbo mawɗo, ina wiyee Kap Maitland, ngam teddinde Sir Peregrine Maitland, guwerneer Koloni Kap. Innde ndee waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti Fort Albert ngam teddinde jom suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria. Kampaañ oo ina waɗi cuuɗi e laylayti taariiɗi leydi, ɗi ngoppitaa ko e joofnirde wolde ndee. Nokku kampaañ oo ‘yiytaa’ nde geɗe keewɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo nokku golf Fish River Sun.[10]

=== Koɗorɗe Broxholm ===
Won Sergeant C. Broxholm ina wiyee ko kañum mahi tan mbaydi ndi wuuri e wolde ndee, woni bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo. Mahaaɗo e hitaande 1846, o soodi suudu nduu hitaande caggal ɗuum, o soodi ɗum Mr. J. Kidd mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Wesleyan, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina ɗaminii waɗde golle misiyoŋaaji to Waterloo Bay.

=== Ceerno Konunkooɓe ===
Won e soldateeɓe maayɓe e njiimaandi Waterloo Bay, mbaraama e nder yanaande tokosere saraaji fuɗnaange maayo Old Woman. Yannge ɗee maandetaaka kono ina sikkaa ko toon terɗe konu 6 e 45 e Cape Levy mbaraa. Laɓɓingol hakkunde ɓulli dunli ina maantiniri nokku oo e dow jeyi Fish River Sun Resort.[10]

=== Kampaañ siwil en ===
Kampaañ siwil mawɗo e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hoɗorde jokkondirnde e golle konu ina wayi no woni ko e bannge hirnaange maayo debbo mawɗo. Heddiiɓe e daartol fof hannde ina njuɓɓinaa e nokku ɗo golf fijirtee ɗoo.[10]

=== Laanaaji ɓuuɓɗi ===
Heddiiɓe e laanaaji Catherine e Justina ina mbaawi yiyeede haa jooni e diƴƴe. Laanaaji ɗii njippiima e kitaale 1840, ɗi ngoni ko e 1 km e daande maayo Liɗɗi.[10]

== Sigga ==

=== Fijooji ===

* Innde maggal fof e wonde, liɗɗi baɗeteeɗi e saraaji maggal (ko ɓuri heewde e les) ko adii fof ko ngam wellitaare.
* Hitaande kala, maraton laana ndiwoowa maayo liɗɗi, ko kewu laana ndiwoowa keewngu waɗeede e nder balɗe ɗiɗi tuggi baraas Grassridge haa Cradock.
* Diwde e nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo, ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, sabu laanaaji diwooje keewɗi ɗi mbaawi taweede : SS Cariboo, SS Kilbrennan e Waterloo, ngam siftinde heen seeɗa.

=== Otel Naange maayo liɗɗi e nokku njulaagu leydi ===
Otel Fish River Sun e Country Club Resort ko nokku njulaagu Sun International to hunduko maayo Fish to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik worgo. Naange maayo liɗɗi udditi dame mum ko e lewru marse 1989, ko otel e kasino. Jeyi 184 000 ektaar to bannge fuɗnaange maayo Liɗɗi, fawii ko e diiwaan Ciskei e oon sahaa, leydi Bantustan ɓooyndi e laamu apartaayd. Otel oo, kasino oo e nokku golf oo ina njokki wonde nokku turisma ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede e nder diiwaan hee, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu kasino oo, sibu lisaas ina rokketee seeɗa e nder Afrik worgo. Sosiyetee resort oo dañii caɗeele mawɗe nde laylaytol mum kasino ngol ɓeydaaka caggal duuɓi sappo, haa joofni e hitaande 1999. Fotde hoɗorde ndee wayliima gila e otel, wonti nokku njulaagu (club de vacation) golloowo e dow ballal waktuuji (timeshare). Yiilirde njulaagu to Kap fuɗnaange rokkii yamiroore njulaagu goɗɗo to Port Elizabeth, saraaji mum, Sun International kadi ina gollina ɗum, e nder nokku njulaagu Boardwalk e nokku njulaagu winndere. E nder bidsee laylaytol ngol, Boardwalk jaɓii ɓeydude njoɓdi toppitagol Naange maayo Liɗɗi e nder golle mum e ƴellitaare teeru e nder diiwaan hee. Golle ɗee ina mbaɗi njulaagu, yah-ngartaa e tagoodi, golf, yahde e duunde, yahde e laana, liɗɗi, mini-golf, e safaaraaji spa.

Won nokku golf mo Gary Player waɗi, mo limtaa e nder 30 nokku golf ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo.[11] Maayo debbo mawɗo ina doga e laawol ngol. Kursuum oo yuɓɓinii won e kewuuji mawɗi ina jeyaa heen Africa Open e hitaande 2008.

== Toɓɓere Liɗɗi Mawnde ==
Great Fish Point ko nokku lampa gonɗo sara hunduko maayo Great Fish, fotde 25 km e nokku njulaagu daande maayo biyeteeɗo Port Alfred.

Ko adii nde fitirla kaa mahaa e hitaande 1898, lampaaji ɗiɗi laana ndiwoowa kollitooji fitirlaaji daneeji tabitɗi ina mbaɗaa e dow ŋoral to Port Alfred, kono ɗiin fitirlaaji caggal ɗuum kollitii wonde ɗi ŋakkaani. Siistem waktuuji meeɗnooɗo diwde lenyol ngol ina heddii haa jooni, ina hollira.

Hay so tawii fitirla kaa e hoore mum ina toowi tan ko meeteruuji 9 (30 ft), ina woni e 76 meeter (249 ft) dow koye maayo.

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'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Riviere van Suid-Afrika&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.&lt;ref&gt;Raper, Peter Edmund (1987). Dictionary of Southern African Place Names. Johannesburg: Human Science Research Council. (public domain)&lt;/ref&gt;

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Toit, Chris Marais and Julienne du (11 October 2023). &quot;Cradock II: The Fish, the Show, the Ghosts &amp; the Trekbokke&quot;. Daily Maverick. Retrieved 31 January 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.&lt;ref&gt;O'Keeffe, J. H.; De Moor, F. C. (January 1988). &quot;Changes in the physico-chemistry and benthic invertebrates of the great fish river, South Africa, following an interbasin transfer of water&quot;. Regulated Rivers: Research &amp; Management. 2 (1): 39–55. doi:10.1002/rrr.3450020105. ISSN 0886-9375.&lt;/ref&gt;

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fish to Tsitsikama WMA 15&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Landscape of the Great Fish River, South Africa&quot;. www.nature-reserve.co.za. Retrieved 20 October 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Daabaaji ===
Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Sandelia bainsii&lt;/ref&gt;

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

== Tariya ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, maayo ngoo waɗii keeri Koloni Kap&lt;ref&gt;Theal, George McCall (1894). South Africa (the Cape Colony, Natal, Orange Free State, South African Republic, and all other territories south of the Zambesi). London: Unwin. pp. 87–88. Retrieved 7 February 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;, ngo waɗii luural mawngal e nder hareeji Xhosa 1779 haa 1878 hakkunde leñol Xhosa bannge gooto e koloñaal en Afrikaner e Laamaandi Angalteer bannge goɗɗo,&lt;ref&gt;Doke, Clement M.; Dart, Raymond A.; Goodwin, A.J.H.; Marais, J.S.; Eiselen, W.M. (1962). The Bantu Speaking Tribes Of South Africa. Routledge And Kegan Paul Limited. pp. 333–334.&lt;/ref&gt; e nder hitaande 1835, leñol Fingover ngol wonnoo ko e daande maayo. E jamaanu apartaayd, leslese ɗee ngoni ko e keeri hirnaange leydi Ciskei ndi innde mum jeytaare. Hakkunde 1846 e 1847, nokku hunduko maayo Fish wonti nokku ɗo golle keewɗe mbaɗata e nder wolde Axe, gooto e woldeeji keeri keewɗi e oon sahaa hakkunde leñol Xhosa e Angalteer. Laana ndiwoowa feewnaama to maayo Fish ngam jokkondirde e Koloni Kap (bannge hirnaange maayo ngoo) e Waterloo Bay (bay tokooso sara hunduko maayo Old Woman ngo jooni rewata ko e nokku resort Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, inniraa ko laana gadana jippinooka kaɓirɗe e nder maayo ngoo, ko nokku ɗo soldateeɓe e kaɓirɗe njippii e wolde ndee. Laanaaji keewɗi njippiima e daande maayo Liɗɗi e nder ɗii duuɓi.[10] Ko ɗeeɗoo nokkuuji daartol teskini e daande maayo Fish, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nder nokkuuji Fish River Sun Resort ɗi sosiyetee oo etinooma reende:

=== Kampaañ konu Maitland ===
Kampaañ konu mawɗo oo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo debbo mawɗo, ina wiyee Kap Maitland, ngam teddinde Sir Peregrine Maitland, guwerneer Koloni Kap. Innde ndee waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti Fort Albert ngam teddinde jom suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria. Kampaañ oo ina waɗi cuuɗi e laylayti taariiɗi leydi, ɗi ngoppitaa ko e joofnirde wolde ndee. Nokku kampaañ oo ‘yiytaa’ nde geɗe keewɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo nokku golf Fish River Sun.[10]

=== Koɗorɗe Broxholm ===
Won Sergeant C. Broxholm ina wiyee ko kañum mahi tan mbaydi ndi wuuri e wolde ndee, woni bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo. Mahaaɗo e hitaande 1846, o soodi suudu nduu hitaande caggal ɗuum, o soodi ɗum Mr. J. Kidd mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Wesleyan, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina ɗaminii waɗde golle misiyoŋaaji to Waterloo Bay.

=== Ceerno Konunkooɓe ===
Won e soldateeɓe maayɓe e njiimaandi Waterloo Bay, mbaraama e nder yanaande tokosere saraaji fuɗnaange maayo Old Woman. Yannge ɗee maandetaaka kono ina sikkaa ko toon terɗe konu 6 e 45 e Cape Levy mbaraa. Laɓɓingol hakkunde ɓulli dunli ina maantiniri nokku oo e dow jeyi Fish River Sun Resort.[10]

=== Kampaañ siwil en ===
Kampaañ siwil mawɗo e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hoɗorde jokkondirnde e golle konu ina wayi no woni ko e bannge hirnaange maayo debbo mawɗo. Heddiiɓe e daartol fof hannde ina njuɓɓinaa e nokku ɗo golf fijirtee ɗoo.[10]

=== Laanaaji ɓuuɓɗi ===
Heddiiɓe e laanaaji Catherine e Justina ina mbaawi yiyeede haa jooni e diƴƴe. Laanaaji ɗii njippiima e kitaale 1840, ɗi ngoni ko e 1 km e daande maayo Liɗɗi.[10]

== Sigga ==

=== Fijooji ===

* Innde maggal fof e wonde, liɗɗi baɗeteeɗi e saraaji maggal (ko ɓuri heewde e les) ko adii fof ko ngam wellitaare.
* Hitaande kala, maraton laana ndiwoowa maayo liɗɗi, ko kewu laana ndiwoowa keewngu waɗeede e nder balɗe ɗiɗi tuggi baraas Grassridge haa Cradock.
* Diwde e nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo, ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, sabu laanaaji diwooje keewɗi ɗi mbaawi taweede : SS Cariboo, SS Kilbrennan e Waterloo, ngam siftinde heen seeɗa.

=== Otel Naange maayo liɗɗi e nokku njulaagu leydi ===
Otel Fish River Sun e Country Club Resort ko nokku njulaagu Sun International to hunduko maayo Fish to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik worgo. Naange maayo liɗɗi udditi dame mum ko e lewru marse 1989, ko otel e kasino. Jeyi 184 000 ektaar to bannge fuɗnaange maayo Liɗɗi, fawii ko e diiwaan Ciskei e oon sahaa, leydi Bantustan ɓooyndi e laamu apartaayd. Otel oo, kasino oo e nokku golf oo ina njokki wonde nokku turisma ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede e nder diiwaan hee, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu kasino oo, sibu lisaas ina rokketee seeɗa e nder Afrik worgo. Sosiyetee resort oo dañii caɗeele mawɗe nde laylaytol mum kasino ngol ɓeydaaka caggal duuɓi sappo, haa joofni e hitaande 1999. Fotde hoɗorde ndee wayliima gila e otel, wonti nokku njulaagu (club de vacation) golloowo e dow ballal waktuuji (timeshare). Yiilirde njulaagu to Kap fuɗnaange rokkii yamiroore njulaagu goɗɗo to Port Elizabeth, saraaji mum, Sun International kadi ina gollina ɗum, e nder nokku njulaagu Boardwalk e nokku njulaagu winndere. E nder bidsee laylaytol ngol, Boardwalk jaɓii ɓeydude njoɓdi toppitagol Naange maayo Liɗɗi e nder golle mum e ƴellitaare teeru e nder diiwaan hee. Golle ɗee ina mbaɗi njulaagu, yah-ngartaa e tagoodi, golf, yahde e duunde, yahde e laana, liɗɗi, mini-golf, e safaaraaji spa.

Won nokku golf mo Gary Player waɗi, mo limtaa e nder 30 nokku golf ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo.[11] Maayo debbo mawɗo ina doga e laawol ngol. Kursuum oo yuɓɓinii won e kewuuji mawɗi ina jeyaa heen Africa Open e hitaande 2008.

== Toɓɓere Liɗɗi Mawnde ==
Great Fish Point ko nokku lampa gonɗo sara hunduko maayo Great Fish, fotde 25 km e nokku njulaagu daande maayo biyeteeɗo Port Alfred.

Ko adii nde fitirla kaa mahaa e hitaande 1898, lampaaji ɗiɗi laana ndiwoowa kollitooji fitirlaaji daneeji tabitɗi ina mbaɗaa e dow ŋoral to Port Alfred, kono ɗiin fitirlaaji caggal ɗuum kollitii wonde ɗi ŋakkaani. Siistem waktuuji meeɗnooɗo diwde lenyol ngol ina heddii haa jooni, ina hollira.

Hay so tawii fitirla kaa e hoore mum ina toowi tan ko meeteruuji 9 (30 ft), ina woni e 76 meeter (249 ft) dow koye maayo.

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'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Riviere van Suid-Afrika&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.&lt;ref&gt;Raper, Peter Edmund (1987). Dictionary of Southern African Place Names. Johannesburg: Human Science Research Council. (public domain)&lt;/ref&gt;

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Toit, Chris Marais and Julienne du (11 October 2023). &quot;Cradock II: The Fish, the Show, the Ghosts &amp; the Trekbokke&quot;. Daily Maverick. Retrieved 31 January 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.&lt;ref&gt;O'Keeffe, J. H.; De Moor, F. C. (January 1988). &quot;Changes in the physico-chemistry and benthic invertebrates of the great fish river, South Africa, following an interbasin transfer of water&quot;. Regulated Rivers: Research &amp; Management. 2 (1): 39–55. doi:10.1002/rrr.3450020105. ISSN 0886-9375.&lt;/ref&gt;

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fish to Tsitsikama WMA 15&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Landscape of the Great Fish River, South Africa&quot;. www.nature-reserve.co.za. Retrieved 20 October 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Daabaaji ===
Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Sandelia bainsii&lt;/ref&gt;

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

== Tariya ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, maayo ngoo waɗii keeri Koloni Kap&lt;ref&gt;Theal, George McCall (1894). South Africa (the Cape Colony, Natal, Orange Free State, South African Republic, and all other territories south of the Zambesi). London: Unwin. pp. 87–88. Retrieved 7 February 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;, ngo waɗii luural mawngal e nder hareeji Xhosa 1779 haa 1878 hakkunde leñol Xhosa bannge gooto e koloñaal en Afrikaner e Laamaandi Angalteer bannge goɗɗo,&lt;ref&gt;Doke, Clement M.; Dart, Raymond A.; Goodwin, A.J.H.; Marais, J.S.; Eiselen, W.M. (1962). The Bantu Speaking Tribes Of South Africa. Routledge And Kegan Paul Limited. pp. 333–334.&lt;/ref&gt; e nder hitaande 1835, leñol Fingover ngol wonnoo ko e daande maayo. E jamaanu apartaayd, leslese ɗee ngoni ko e keeri hirnaange leydi Ciskei ndi innde mum jeytaare. Hakkunde 1846 e 1847, nokku hunduko maayo Fish wonti nokku ɗo golle keewɗe mbaɗata e nder wolde Axe, gooto e woldeeji keeri keewɗi e oon sahaa hakkunde leñol Xhosa e Angalteer. Laana ndiwoowa feewnaama to maayo Fish ngam jokkondirde e Koloni Kap (bannge hirnaange maayo ngoo) e Waterloo Bay (bay tokooso sara hunduko maayo Old Woman ngo jooni rewata ko e nokku resort Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, inniraa ko laana gadana jippinooka kaɓirɗe e nder maayo ngoo, ko nokku ɗo soldateeɓe e kaɓirɗe njippii e wolde ndee. Laanaaji keewɗi njippiima e daande maayo Liɗɗi e nder ɗii duuɓi.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;WATERLOO BAY AND THE FISH RIVER MOUTH - South African Military History Society - Journal&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Ko ɗeeɗoo nokkuuji daartol teskini e daande maayo Fish, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nder nokkuuji Fish River Sun Resort ɗi sosiyetee oo etinooma reende:

=== Kampaañ konu Maitland ===
Kampaañ konu mawɗo oo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo debbo mawɗo, ina wiyee Kap Maitland, ngam teddinde Sir Peregrine Maitland, guwerneer Koloni Kap. Innde ndee waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti Fort Albert ngam teddinde jom suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria. Kampaañ oo ina waɗi cuuɗi e laylayti taariiɗi leydi, ɗi ngoppitaa ko e joofnirde wolde ndee. Nokku kampaañ oo ‘yiytaa’ nde geɗe keewɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo nokku golf Fish River Sun.[10]

=== Koɗorɗe Broxholm ===
Won Sergeant C. Broxholm ina wiyee ko kañum mahi tan mbaydi ndi wuuri e wolde ndee, woni bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo. Mahaaɗo e hitaande 1846, o soodi suudu nduu hitaande caggal ɗuum, o soodi ɗum Mr. J. Kidd mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Wesleyan, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina ɗaminii waɗde golle misiyoŋaaji to Waterloo Bay.

=== Ceerno Konunkooɓe ===
Won e soldateeɓe maayɓe e njiimaandi Waterloo Bay, mbaraama e nder yanaande tokosere saraaji fuɗnaange maayo Old Woman. Yannge ɗee maandetaaka kono ina sikkaa ko toon terɗe konu 6 e 45 e Cape Levy mbaraa. Laɓɓingol hakkunde ɓulli dunli ina maantiniri nokku oo e dow jeyi Fish River Sun Resort.[10]

=== Kampaañ siwil en ===
Kampaañ siwil mawɗo e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hoɗorde jokkondirnde e golle konu ina wayi no woni ko e bannge hirnaange maayo debbo mawɗo. Heddiiɓe e daartol fof hannde ina njuɓɓinaa e nokku ɗo golf fijirtee ɗoo.[10]

=== Laanaaji ɓuuɓɗi ===
Heddiiɓe e laanaaji Catherine e Justina ina mbaawi yiyeede haa jooni e diƴƴe. Laanaaji ɗii njippiima e kitaale 1840, ɗi ngoni ko e 1 km e daande maayo Liɗɗi.[10]

== Sigga ==

=== Fijooji ===

* Innde maggal fof e wonde, liɗɗi baɗeteeɗi e saraaji maggal (ko ɓuri heewde e les) ko adii fof ko ngam wellitaare.
* Hitaande kala, maraton laana ndiwoowa maayo liɗɗi, ko kewu laana ndiwoowa keewngu waɗeede e nder balɗe ɗiɗi tuggi baraas Grassridge haa Cradock.
* Diwde e nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo, ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, sabu laanaaji diwooje keewɗi ɗi mbaawi taweede : SS Cariboo, SS Kilbrennan e Waterloo, ngam siftinde heen seeɗa.

=== Otel Naange maayo liɗɗi e nokku njulaagu leydi ===
Otel Fish River Sun e Country Club Resort ko nokku njulaagu Sun International to hunduko maayo Fish to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik worgo. Naange maayo liɗɗi udditi dame mum ko e lewru marse 1989, ko otel e kasino. Jeyi 184 000 ektaar to bannge fuɗnaange maayo Liɗɗi, fawii ko e diiwaan Ciskei e oon sahaa, leydi Bantustan ɓooyndi e laamu apartaayd. Otel oo, kasino oo e nokku golf oo ina njokki wonde nokku turisma ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede e nder diiwaan hee, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu kasino oo, sibu lisaas ina rokketee seeɗa e nder Afrik worgo. Sosiyetee resort oo dañii caɗeele mawɗe nde laylaytol mum kasino ngol ɓeydaaka caggal duuɓi sappo, haa joofni e hitaande 1999. Fotde hoɗorde ndee wayliima gila e otel, wonti nokku njulaagu (club de vacation) golloowo e dow ballal waktuuji (timeshare). Yiilirde njulaagu to Kap fuɗnaange rokkii yamiroore njulaagu goɗɗo to Port Elizabeth, saraaji mum, Sun International kadi ina gollina ɗum, e nder nokku njulaagu Boardwalk e nokku njulaagu winndere. E nder bidsee laylaytol ngol, Boardwalk jaɓii ɓeydude njoɓdi toppitagol Naange maayo Liɗɗi e nder golle mum e ƴellitaare teeru e nder diiwaan hee. Golle ɗee ina mbaɗi njulaagu, yah-ngartaa e tagoodi, golf, yahde e duunde, yahde e laana, liɗɗi, mini-golf, e safaaraaji spa.

Won nokku golf mo Gary Player waɗi, mo limtaa e nder 30 nokku golf ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo.[11] Maayo debbo mawɗo ina doga e laawol ngol. Kursuum oo yuɓɓinii won e kewuuji mawɗi ina jeyaa heen Africa Open e hitaande 2008.

== Toɓɓere Liɗɗi Mawnde ==
Great Fish Point ko nokku lampa gonɗo sara hunduko maayo Great Fish, fotde 25 km e nokku njulaagu daande maayo biyeteeɗo Port Alfred.

Ko adii nde fitirla kaa mahaa e hitaande 1898, lampaaji ɗiɗi laana ndiwoowa kollitooji fitirlaaji daneeji tabitɗi ina mbaɗaa e dow ŋoral to Port Alfred, kono ɗiin fitirlaaji caggal ɗuum kollitii wonde ɗi ŋakkaani. Siistem waktuuji meeɗnooɗo diwde lenyol ngol ina heddii haa jooni, ina hollira.

Hay so tawii fitirla kaa e hoore mum ina toowi tan ko meeteruuji 9 (30 ft), ina woni e 76 meeter (249 ft) dow koye maayo.

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'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Riviere van Suid-Afrika&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.&lt;ref&gt;Raper, Peter Edmund (1987). Dictionary of Southern African Place Names. Johannesburg: Human Science Research Council. (public domain)&lt;/ref&gt;

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Toit, Chris Marais and Julienne du (11 October 2023). &quot;Cradock II: The Fish, the Show, the Ghosts &amp; the Trekbokke&quot;. Daily Maverick. Retrieved 31 January 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.&lt;ref&gt;O'Keeffe, J. H.; De Moor, F. C. (January 1988). &quot;Changes in the physico-chemistry and benthic invertebrates of the great fish river, South Africa, following an interbasin transfer of water&quot;. Regulated Rivers: Research &amp; Management. 2 (1): 39–55. doi:10.1002/rrr.3450020105. ISSN 0886-9375.&lt;/ref&gt;

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fish to Tsitsikama WMA 15&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Landscape of the Great Fish River, South Africa&quot;. www.nature-reserve.co.za. Retrieved 20 October 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Daabaaji ===
Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Sandelia bainsii&lt;/ref&gt;

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

== Tariya ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, maayo ngoo waɗii keeri Koloni Kap&lt;ref&gt;Theal, George McCall (1894). South Africa (the Cape Colony, Natal, Orange Free State, South African Republic, and all other territories south of the Zambesi). London: Unwin. pp. 87–88. Retrieved 7 February 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;, ngo waɗii luural mawngal e nder hareeji Xhosa 1779 haa 1878 hakkunde leñol Xhosa bannge gooto e koloñaal en Afrikaner e Laamaandi Angalteer bannge goɗɗo,&lt;ref&gt;Doke, Clement M.; Dart, Raymond A.; Goodwin, A.J.H.; Marais, J.S.; Eiselen, W.M. (1962). The Bantu Speaking Tribes Of South Africa. Routledge And Kegan Paul Limited. pp. 333–334.&lt;/ref&gt; e nder hitaande 1835, leñol Fingover ngol wonnoo ko e daande maayo. E jamaanu apartaayd, leslese ɗee ngoni ko e keeri hirnaange leydi Ciskei ndi innde mum jeytaare. Hakkunde 1846 e 1847, nokku hunduko maayo Fish wonti nokku ɗo golle keewɗe mbaɗata e nder wolde Axe, gooto e woldeeji keeri keewɗi e oon sahaa hakkunde leñol Xhosa e Angalteer. Laana ndiwoowa feewnaama to maayo Fish ngam jokkondirde e Koloni Kap (bannge hirnaange maayo ngoo) e Waterloo Bay (bay tokooso sara hunduko maayo Old Woman ngo jooni rewata ko e nokku resort Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, inniraa ko laana gadana jippinooka kaɓirɗe e nder maayo ngoo, ko nokku ɗo soldateeɓe e kaɓirɗe njippii e wolde ndee. Laanaaji keewɗi njippiima e daande maayo Liɗɗi e nder ɗii duuɓi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&quot;WATERLOO BAY AND THE FISH RIVER MOUTH - South African Military History Society - Journal&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Ko ɗeeɗoo nokkuuji daartol teskini e daande maayo Fish, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nder nokkuuji Fish River Sun Resort ɗi sosiyetee oo etinooma reende:

=== Kampaañ konu Maitland ===
Kampaañ konu mawɗo oo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo debbo mawɗo, ina wiyee Kap Maitland, ngam teddinde Sir Peregrine Maitland, guwerneer Koloni Kap. Innde ndee waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti Fort Albert ngam teddinde jom suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria. Kampaañ oo ina waɗi cuuɗi e laylayti taariiɗi leydi, ɗi ngoppitaa ko e joofnirde wolde ndee. Nokku kampaañ oo ‘yiytaa’ nde geɗe keewɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo nokku golf Fish River Sun.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Koɗorɗe Broxholm ===
Won Sergeant C. Broxholm ina wiyee ko kañum mahi tan mbaydi ndi wuuri e wolde ndee, woni bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo. Mahaaɗo e hitaande 1846, o soodi suudu nduu hitaande caggal ɗuum, o soodi ɗum Mr. J. Kidd mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Wesleyan, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina ɗaminii waɗde golle misiyoŋaaji to Waterloo Bay.

=== Ceerno Konunkooɓe ===
Won e soldateeɓe maayɓe e njiimaandi Waterloo Bay, mbaraama e nder yanaande tokosere saraaji fuɗnaange maayo Old Woman. Yannge ɗee maandetaaka kono ina sikkaa ko toon terɗe konu 6 e 45 e Cape Levy mbaraa. Laɓɓingol hakkunde ɓulli dunli ina maantiniri nokku oo e dow jeyi Fish River Sun Resort.[10]

=== Kampaañ siwil en ===
Kampaañ siwil mawɗo e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hoɗorde jokkondirnde e golle konu ina wayi no woni ko e bannge hirnaange maayo debbo mawɗo. Heddiiɓe e daartol fof hannde ina njuɓɓinaa e nokku ɗo golf fijirtee ɗoo.[10]

=== Laanaaji ɓuuɓɗi ===
Heddiiɓe e laanaaji Catherine e Justina ina mbaawi yiyeede haa jooni e diƴƴe. Laanaaji ɗii njippiima e kitaale 1840, ɗi ngoni ko e 1 km e daande maayo Liɗɗi.[10]

== Sigga ==

=== Fijooji ===

* Innde maggal fof e wonde, liɗɗi baɗeteeɗi e saraaji maggal (ko ɓuri heewde e les) ko adii fof ko ngam wellitaare.
* Hitaande kala, maraton laana ndiwoowa maayo liɗɗi, ko kewu laana ndiwoowa keewngu waɗeede e nder balɗe ɗiɗi tuggi baraas Grassridge haa Cradock.
* Diwde e nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo, ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, sabu laanaaji diwooje keewɗi ɗi mbaawi taweede : SS Cariboo, SS Kilbrennan e Waterloo, ngam siftinde heen seeɗa.

=== Otel Naange maayo liɗɗi e nokku njulaagu leydi ===
Otel Fish River Sun e Country Club Resort ko nokku njulaagu Sun International to hunduko maayo Fish to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik worgo. Naange maayo liɗɗi udditi dame mum ko e lewru marse 1989, ko otel e kasino. Jeyi 184 000 ektaar to bannge fuɗnaange maayo Liɗɗi, fawii ko e diiwaan Ciskei e oon sahaa, leydi Bantustan ɓooyndi e laamu apartaayd. Otel oo, kasino oo e nokku golf oo ina njokki wonde nokku turisma ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede e nder diiwaan hee, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu kasino oo, sibu lisaas ina rokketee seeɗa e nder Afrik worgo. Sosiyetee resort oo dañii caɗeele mawɗe nde laylaytol mum kasino ngol ɓeydaaka caggal duuɓi sappo, haa joofni e hitaande 1999. Fotde hoɗorde ndee wayliima gila e otel, wonti nokku njulaagu (club de vacation) golloowo e dow ballal waktuuji (timeshare). Yiilirde njulaagu to Kap fuɗnaange rokkii yamiroore njulaagu goɗɗo to Port Elizabeth, saraaji mum, Sun International kadi ina gollina ɗum, e nder nokku njulaagu Boardwalk e nokku njulaagu winndere. E nder bidsee laylaytol ngol, Boardwalk jaɓii ɓeydude njoɓdi toppitagol Naange maayo Liɗɗi e nder golle mum e ƴellitaare teeru e nder diiwaan hee. Golle ɗee ina mbaɗi njulaagu, yah-ngartaa e tagoodi, golf, yahde e duunde, yahde e laana, liɗɗi, mini-golf, e safaaraaji spa.

Won nokku golf mo Gary Player waɗi, mo limtaa e nder 30 nokku golf ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo.[11] Maayo debbo mawɗo ina doga e laawol ngol. Kursuum oo yuɓɓinii won e kewuuji mawɗi ina jeyaa heen Africa Open e hitaande 2008.

== Toɓɓere Liɗɗi Mawnde ==
Great Fish Point ko nokku lampa gonɗo sara hunduko maayo Great Fish, fotde 25 km e nokku njulaagu daande maayo biyeteeɗo Port Alfred.

Ko adii nde fitirla kaa mahaa e hitaande 1898, lampaaji ɗiɗi laana ndiwoowa kollitooji fitirlaaji daneeji tabitɗi ina mbaɗaa e dow ŋoral to Port Alfred, kono ɗiin fitirlaaji caggal ɗuum kollitii wonde ɗi ŋakkaani. Siistem waktuuji meeɗnooɗo diwde lenyol ngol ina heddii haa jooni, ina hollira.

Hay so tawii fitirla kaa e hoore mum ina toowi tan ko meeteruuji 9 (30 ft), ina woni e 76 meeter (249 ft) dow koye maayo.

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'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Riviere van Suid-Afrika&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.&lt;ref&gt;Raper, Peter Edmund (1987). Dictionary of Southern African Place Names. Johannesburg: Human Science Research Council. (public domain)&lt;/ref&gt;

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Toit, Chris Marais and Julienne du (11 October 2023). &quot;Cradock II: The Fish, the Show, the Ghosts &amp; the Trekbokke&quot;. Daily Maverick. Retrieved 31 January 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.&lt;ref&gt;O'Keeffe, J. H.; De Moor, F. C. (January 1988). &quot;Changes in the physico-chemistry and benthic invertebrates of the great fish river, South Africa, following an interbasin transfer of water&quot;. Regulated Rivers: Research &amp; Management. 2 (1): 39–55. doi:10.1002/rrr.3450020105. ISSN 0886-9375.&lt;/ref&gt;

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fish to Tsitsikama WMA 15&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Landscape of the Great Fish River, South Africa&quot;. www.nature-reserve.co.za. Retrieved 20 October 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Daabaaji ===
Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Sandelia bainsii&lt;/ref&gt;

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

== Tariya ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, maayo ngoo waɗii keeri Koloni Kap&lt;ref&gt;Theal, George McCall (1894). South Africa (the Cape Colony, Natal, Orange Free State, South African Republic, and all other territories south of the Zambesi). London: Unwin. pp. 87–88. Retrieved 7 February 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;, ngo waɗii luural mawngal e nder hareeji Xhosa 1779 haa 1878 hakkunde leñol Xhosa bannge gooto e koloñaal en Afrikaner e Laamaandi Angalteer bannge goɗɗo,&lt;ref&gt;Doke, Clement M.; Dart, Raymond A.; Goodwin, A.J.H.; Marais, J.S.; Eiselen, W.M. (1962). The Bantu Speaking Tribes Of South Africa. Routledge And Kegan Paul Limited. pp. 333–334.&lt;/ref&gt; e nder hitaande 1835, leñol Fingover ngol wonnoo ko e daande maayo. E jamaanu apartaayd, leslese ɗee ngoni ko e keeri hirnaange leydi Ciskei ndi innde mum jeytaare. Hakkunde 1846 e 1847, nokku hunduko maayo Fish wonti nokku ɗo golle keewɗe mbaɗata e nder wolde Axe, gooto e woldeeji keeri keewɗi e oon sahaa hakkunde leñol Xhosa e Angalteer. Laana ndiwoowa feewnaama to maayo Fish ngam jokkondirde e Koloni Kap (bannge hirnaange maayo ngoo) e Waterloo Bay (bay tokooso sara hunduko maayo Old Woman ngo jooni rewata ko e nokku resort Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, inniraa ko laana gadana jippinooka kaɓirɗe e nder maayo ngoo, ko nokku ɗo soldateeɓe e kaɓirɗe njippii e wolde ndee. Laanaaji keewɗi njippiima e daande maayo Liɗɗi e nder ɗii duuɓi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&quot;WATERLOO BAY AND THE FISH RIVER MOUTH - South African Military History Society - Journal&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Ko ɗeeɗoo nokkuuji daartol teskini e daande maayo Fish, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nder nokkuuji Fish River Sun Resort ɗi sosiyetee oo etinooma reende:

=== Kampaañ konu Maitland ===
Kampaañ konu mawɗo oo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo debbo mawɗo, ina wiyee Kap Maitland, ngam teddinde Sir Peregrine Maitland, guwerneer Koloni Kap. Innde ndee waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti Fort Albert ngam teddinde jom suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria. Kampaañ oo ina waɗi cuuɗi e laylayti taariiɗi leydi, ɗi ngoppitaa ko e joofnirde wolde ndee. Nokku kampaañ oo ‘yiytaa’ nde geɗe keewɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo nokku golf Fish River Sun.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Koɗorɗe Broxholm ===
Won Sergeant C. Broxholm ina wiyee ko kañum mahi tan mbaydi ndi wuuri e wolde ndee, woni bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo. Mahaaɗo e hitaande 1846, o soodi suudu nduu hitaande caggal ɗuum, o soodi ɗum Mr. J. Kidd mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Wesleyan, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina ɗaminii waɗde golle misiyoŋaaji to Waterloo Bay.

=== Ceerno Konunkooɓe ===
Won e soldateeɓe maayɓe e njiimaandi Waterloo Bay, mbaraama e nder yanaande tokosere saraaji fuɗnaange maayo Old Woman. Yannge ɗee maandetaaka kono ina sikkaa ko toon terɗe konu 6 e 45 e Cape Levy mbaraa. Laɓɓingol hakkunde ɓulli dunli ina maantiniri nokku oo e dow jeyi Fish River Sun Resort.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Kampaañ siwil en ===
Kampaañ siwil mawɗo e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hoɗorde jokkondirnde e golle konu ina wayi no woni ko e bannge hirnaange maayo debbo mawɗo. Heddiiɓe e daartol fof hannde ina njuɓɓinaa e nokku ɗo golf fijirtee ɗoo.[10]

=== Laanaaji ɓuuɓɗi ===
Heddiiɓe e laanaaji Catherine e Justina ina mbaawi yiyeede haa jooni e diƴƴe. Laanaaji ɗii njippiima e kitaale 1840, ɗi ngoni ko e 1 km e daande maayo Liɗɗi.[10]

== Sigga ==

=== Fijooji ===

* Innde maggal fof e wonde, liɗɗi baɗeteeɗi e saraaji maggal (ko ɓuri heewde e les) ko adii fof ko ngam wellitaare.
* Hitaande kala, maraton laana ndiwoowa maayo liɗɗi, ko kewu laana ndiwoowa keewngu waɗeede e nder balɗe ɗiɗi tuggi baraas Grassridge haa Cradock.
* Diwde e nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo, ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, sabu laanaaji diwooje keewɗi ɗi mbaawi taweede : SS Cariboo, SS Kilbrennan e Waterloo, ngam siftinde heen seeɗa.

=== Otel Naange maayo liɗɗi e nokku njulaagu leydi ===
Otel Fish River Sun e Country Club Resort ko nokku njulaagu Sun International to hunduko maayo Fish to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik worgo. Naange maayo liɗɗi udditi dame mum ko e lewru marse 1989, ko otel e kasino. Jeyi 184 000 ektaar to bannge fuɗnaange maayo Liɗɗi, fawii ko e diiwaan Ciskei e oon sahaa, leydi Bantustan ɓooyndi e laamu apartaayd. Otel oo, kasino oo e nokku golf oo ina njokki wonde nokku turisma ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede e nder diiwaan hee, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu kasino oo, sibu lisaas ina rokketee seeɗa e nder Afrik worgo. Sosiyetee resort oo dañii caɗeele mawɗe nde laylaytol mum kasino ngol ɓeydaaka caggal duuɓi sappo, haa joofni e hitaande 1999. Fotde hoɗorde ndee wayliima gila e otel, wonti nokku njulaagu (club de vacation) golloowo e dow ballal waktuuji (timeshare). Yiilirde njulaagu to Kap fuɗnaange rokkii yamiroore njulaagu goɗɗo to Port Elizabeth, saraaji mum, Sun International kadi ina gollina ɗum, e nder nokku njulaagu Boardwalk e nokku njulaagu winndere. E nder bidsee laylaytol ngol, Boardwalk jaɓii ɓeydude njoɓdi toppitagol Naange maayo Liɗɗi e nder golle mum e ƴellitaare teeru e nder diiwaan hee. Golle ɗee ina mbaɗi njulaagu, yah-ngartaa e tagoodi, golf, yahde e duunde, yahde e laana, liɗɗi, mini-golf, e safaaraaji spa.

Won nokku golf mo Gary Player waɗi, mo limtaa e nder 30 nokku golf ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo.[11] Maayo debbo mawɗo ina doga e laawol ngol. Kursuum oo yuɓɓinii won e kewuuji mawɗi ina jeyaa heen Africa Open e hitaande 2008.

== Toɓɓere Liɗɗi Mawnde ==
Great Fish Point ko nokku lampa gonɗo sara hunduko maayo Great Fish, fotde 25 km e nokku njulaagu daande maayo biyeteeɗo Port Alfred.

Ko adii nde fitirla kaa mahaa e hitaande 1898, lampaaji ɗiɗi laana ndiwoowa kollitooji fitirlaaji daneeji tabitɗi ina mbaɗaa e dow ŋoral to Port Alfred, kono ɗiin fitirlaaji caggal ɗuum kollitii wonde ɗi ŋakkaani. Siistem waktuuji meeɗnooɗo diwde lenyol ngol ina heddii haa jooni, ina hollira.

Hay so tawii fitirla kaa e hoore mum ina toowi tan ko meeteruuji 9 (30 ft), ina woni e 76 meeter (249 ft) dow koye maayo.

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'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Riviere van Suid-Afrika&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.&lt;ref&gt;Raper, Peter Edmund (1987). Dictionary of Southern African Place Names. Johannesburg: Human Science Research Council. (public domain)&lt;/ref&gt;

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Toit, Chris Marais and Julienne du (11 October 2023). &quot;Cradock II: The Fish, the Show, the Ghosts &amp; the Trekbokke&quot;. Daily Maverick. Retrieved 31 January 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.&lt;ref&gt;O'Keeffe, J. H.; De Moor, F. C. (January 1988). &quot;Changes in the physico-chemistry and benthic invertebrates of the great fish river, South Africa, following an interbasin transfer of water&quot;. Regulated Rivers: Research &amp; Management. 2 (1): 39–55. doi:10.1002/rrr.3450020105. ISSN 0886-9375.&lt;/ref&gt;

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fish to Tsitsikama WMA 15&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Landscape of the Great Fish River, South Africa&quot;. www.nature-reserve.co.za. Retrieved 20 October 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Daabaaji ===
Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Sandelia bainsii&lt;/ref&gt;

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

== Tariya ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, maayo ngoo waɗii keeri Koloni Kap&lt;ref&gt;Theal, George McCall (1894). South Africa (the Cape Colony, Natal, Orange Free State, South African Republic, and all other territories south of the Zambesi). London: Unwin. pp. 87–88. Retrieved 7 February 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;, ngo waɗii luural mawngal e nder hareeji Xhosa 1779 haa 1878 hakkunde leñol Xhosa bannge gooto e koloñaal en Afrikaner e Laamaandi Angalteer bannge goɗɗo,&lt;ref&gt;Doke, Clement M.; Dart, Raymond A.; Goodwin, A.J.H.; Marais, J.S.; Eiselen, W.M. (1962). The Bantu Speaking Tribes Of South Africa. Routledge And Kegan Paul Limited. pp. 333–334.&lt;/ref&gt; e nder hitaande 1835, leñol Fingover ngol wonnoo ko e daande maayo. E jamaanu apartaayd, leslese ɗee ngoni ko e keeri hirnaange leydi Ciskei ndi innde mum jeytaare. Hakkunde 1846 e 1847, nokku hunduko maayo Fish wonti nokku ɗo golle keewɗe mbaɗata e nder wolde Axe, gooto e woldeeji keeri keewɗi e oon sahaa hakkunde leñol Xhosa e Angalteer. Laana ndiwoowa feewnaama to maayo Fish ngam jokkondirde e Koloni Kap (bannge hirnaange maayo ngoo) e Waterloo Bay (bay tokooso sara hunduko maayo Old Woman ngo jooni rewata ko e nokku resort Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, inniraa ko laana gadana jippinooka kaɓirɗe e nder maayo ngoo, ko nokku ɗo soldateeɓe e kaɓirɗe njippii e wolde ndee. Laanaaji keewɗi njippiima e daande maayo Liɗɗi e nder ɗii duuɓi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&quot;WATERLOO BAY AND THE FISH RIVER MOUTH - South African Military History Society - Journal&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Ko ɗeeɗoo nokkuuji daartol teskini e daande maayo Fish, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nder nokkuuji Fish River Sun Resort ɗi sosiyetee oo etinooma reende:

=== Kampaañ konu Maitland ===
Kampaañ konu mawɗo oo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo debbo mawɗo, ina wiyee Kap Maitland, ngam teddinde Sir Peregrine Maitland, guwerneer Koloni Kap. Innde ndee waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti Fort Albert ngam teddinde jom suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria. Kampaañ oo ina waɗi cuuɗi e laylayti taariiɗi leydi, ɗi ngoppitaa ko e joofnirde wolde ndee. Nokku kampaañ oo ‘yiytaa’ nde geɗe keewɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo nokku golf Fish River Sun.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Koɗorɗe Broxholm ===
Won Sergeant C. Broxholm ina wiyee ko kañum mahi tan mbaydi ndi wuuri e wolde ndee, woni bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo. Mahaaɗo e hitaande 1846, o soodi suudu nduu hitaande caggal ɗuum, o soodi ɗum Mr. J. Kidd mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Wesleyan, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina ɗaminii waɗde golle misiyoŋaaji to Waterloo Bay.

=== Ceerno Konunkooɓe ===
Won e soldateeɓe maayɓe e njiimaandi Waterloo Bay, mbaraama e nder yanaande tokosere saraaji fuɗnaange maayo Old Woman. Yannge ɗee maandetaaka kono ina sikkaa ko toon terɗe konu 6 e 45 e Cape Levy mbaraa. Laɓɓingol hakkunde ɓulli dunli ina maantiniri nokku oo e dow jeyi Fish River Sun Resort.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Kampaañ siwil en ===
Kampaañ siwil mawɗo e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hoɗorde jokkondirnde e golle konu ina wayi no woni ko e bannge hirnaange maayo debbo mawɗo. Heddiiɓe e daartol fof hannde ina njuɓɓinaa e nokku ɗo golf fijirtee ɗoo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Laanaaji ɓuuɓɗi ===
Heddiiɓe e laanaaji Catherine e Justina ina mbaawi yiyeede haa jooni e diƴƴe. Laanaaji ɗii njippiima e kitaale 1840, ɗi ngoni ko e 1 km e daande maayo Liɗɗi.[10]

== Sigga ==

=== Fijooji ===

* Innde maggal fof e wonde, liɗɗi baɗeteeɗi e saraaji maggal (ko ɓuri heewde e les) ko adii fof ko ngam wellitaare.
* Hitaande kala, maraton laana ndiwoowa maayo liɗɗi, ko kewu laana ndiwoowa keewngu waɗeede e nder balɗe ɗiɗi tuggi baraas Grassridge haa Cradock.
* Diwde e nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo, ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, sabu laanaaji diwooje keewɗi ɗi mbaawi taweede : SS Cariboo, SS Kilbrennan e Waterloo, ngam siftinde heen seeɗa.

=== Otel Naange maayo liɗɗi e nokku njulaagu leydi ===
Otel Fish River Sun e Country Club Resort ko nokku njulaagu Sun International to hunduko maayo Fish to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik worgo. Naange maayo liɗɗi udditi dame mum ko e lewru marse 1989, ko otel e kasino. Jeyi 184 000 ektaar to bannge fuɗnaange maayo Liɗɗi, fawii ko e diiwaan Ciskei e oon sahaa, leydi Bantustan ɓooyndi e laamu apartaayd. Otel oo, kasino oo e nokku golf oo ina njokki wonde nokku turisma ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede e nder diiwaan hee, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu kasino oo, sibu lisaas ina rokketee seeɗa e nder Afrik worgo. Sosiyetee resort oo dañii caɗeele mawɗe nde laylaytol mum kasino ngol ɓeydaaka caggal duuɓi sappo, haa joofni e hitaande 1999. Fotde hoɗorde ndee wayliima gila e otel, wonti nokku njulaagu (club de vacation) golloowo e dow ballal waktuuji (timeshare). Yiilirde njulaagu to Kap fuɗnaange rokkii yamiroore njulaagu goɗɗo to Port Elizabeth, saraaji mum, Sun International kadi ina gollina ɗum, e nder nokku njulaagu Boardwalk e nokku njulaagu winndere. E nder bidsee laylaytol ngol, Boardwalk jaɓii ɓeydude njoɓdi toppitagol Naange maayo Liɗɗi e nder golle mum e ƴellitaare teeru e nder diiwaan hee. Golle ɗee ina mbaɗi njulaagu, yah-ngartaa e tagoodi, golf, yahde e duunde, yahde e laana, liɗɗi, mini-golf, e safaaraaji spa.

Won nokku golf mo Gary Player waɗi, mo limtaa e nder 30 nokku golf ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo.[11] Maayo debbo mawɗo ina doga e laawol ngol. Kursuum oo yuɓɓinii won e kewuuji mawɗi ina jeyaa heen Africa Open e hitaande 2008.

== Toɓɓere Liɗɗi Mawnde ==
Great Fish Point ko nokku lampa gonɗo sara hunduko maayo Great Fish, fotde 25 km e nokku njulaagu daande maayo biyeteeɗo Port Alfred.

Ko adii nde fitirla kaa mahaa e hitaande 1898, lampaaji ɗiɗi laana ndiwoowa kollitooji fitirlaaji daneeji tabitɗi ina mbaɗaa e dow ŋoral to Port Alfred, kono ɗiin fitirlaaji caggal ɗuum kollitii wonde ɗi ŋakkaani. Siistem waktuuji meeɗnooɗo diwde lenyol ngol ina heddii haa jooni, ina hollira.

Hay so tawii fitirla kaa e hoore mum ina toowi tan ko meeteruuji 9 (30 ft), ina woni e 76 meeter (249 ft) dow koye maayo.

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'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Riviere van Suid-Afrika&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.&lt;ref&gt;Raper, Peter Edmund (1987). Dictionary of Southern African Place Names. Johannesburg: Human Science Research Council. (public domain)&lt;/ref&gt;

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Toit, Chris Marais and Julienne du (11 October 2023). &quot;Cradock II: The Fish, the Show, the Ghosts &amp; the Trekbokke&quot;. Daily Maverick. Retrieved 31 January 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.&lt;ref&gt;O'Keeffe, J. H.; De Moor, F. C. (January 1988). &quot;Changes in the physico-chemistry and benthic invertebrates of the great fish river, South Africa, following an interbasin transfer of water&quot;. Regulated Rivers: Research &amp; Management. 2 (1): 39–55. doi:10.1002/rrr.3450020105. ISSN 0886-9375.&lt;/ref&gt;

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fish to Tsitsikama WMA 15&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Landscape of the Great Fish River, South Africa&quot;. www.nature-reserve.co.za. Retrieved 20 October 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Daabaaji ===
Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Sandelia bainsii&lt;/ref&gt;

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

== Tariya ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, maayo ngoo waɗii keeri Koloni Kap&lt;ref&gt;Theal, George McCall (1894). South Africa (the Cape Colony, Natal, Orange Free State, South African Republic, and all other territories south of the Zambesi). London: Unwin. pp. 87–88. Retrieved 7 February 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;, ngo waɗii luural mawngal e nder hareeji Xhosa 1779 haa 1878 hakkunde leñol Xhosa bannge gooto e koloñaal en Afrikaner e Laamaandi Angalteer bannge goɗɗo,&lt;ref&gt;Doke, Clement M.; Dart, Raymond A.; Goodwin, A.J.H.; Marais, J.S.; Eiselen, W.M. (1962). The Bantu Speaking Tribes Of South Africa. Routledge And Kegan Paul Limited. pp. 333–334.&lt;/ref&gt; e nder hitaande 1835, leñol Fingover ngol wonnoo ko e daande maayo. E jamaanu apartaayd, leslese ɗee ngoni ko e keeri hirnaange leydi Ciskei ndi innde mum jeytaare. Hakkunde 1846 e 1847, nokku hunduko maayo Fish wonti nokku ɗo golle keewɗe mbaɗata e nder wolde Axe, gooto e woldeeji keeri keewɗi e oon sahaa hakkunde leñol Xhosa e Angalteer. Laana ndiwoowa feewnaama to maayo Fish ngam jokkondirde e Koloni Kap (bannge hirnaange maayo ngoo) e Waterloo Bay (bay tokooso sara hunduko maayo Old Woman ngo jooni rewata ko e nokku resort Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, inniraa ko laana gadana jippinooka kaɓirɗe e nder maayo ngoo, ko nokku ɗo soldateeɓe e kaɓirɗe njippii e wolde ndee. Laanaaji keewɗi njippiima e daande maayo Liɗɗi e nder ɗii duuɓi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&quot;WATERLOO BAY AND THE FISH RIVER MOUTH - South African Military History Society - Journal&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Ko ɗeeɗoo nokkuuji daartol teskini e daande maayo Fish, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nder nokkuuji Fish River Sun Resort ɗi sosiyetee oo etinooma reende:

=== Kampaañ konu Maitland ===
Kampaañ konu mawɗo oo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo debbo mawɗo, ina wiyee Kap Maitland, ngam teddinde Sir Peregrine Maitland, guwerneer Koloni Kap. Innde ndee waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti Fort Albert ngam teddinde jom suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria. Kampaañ oo ina waɗi cuuɗi e laylayti taariiɗi leydi, ɗi ngoppitaa ko e joofnirde wolde ndee. Nokku kampaañ oo ‘yiytaa’ nde geɗe keewɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo nokku golf Fish River Sun.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Koɗorɗe Broxholm ===
Won Sergeant C. Broxholm ina wiyee ko kañum mahi tan mbaydi ndi wuuri e wolde ndee, woni bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo. Mahaaɗo e hitaande 1846, o soodi suudu nduu hitaande caggal ɗuum, o soodi ɗum Mr. J. Kidd mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Wesleyan, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina ɗaminii waɗde golle misiyoŋaaji to Waterloo Bay.

=== Ceerno Konunkooɓe ===
Won e soldateeɓe maayɓe e njiimaandi Waterloo Bay, mbaraama e nder yanaande tokosere saraaji fuɗnaange maayo Old Woman. Yannge ɗee maandetaaka kono ina sikkaa ko toon terɗe konu 6 e 45 e Cape Levy mbaraa. Laɓɓingol hakkunde ɓulli dunli ina maantiniri nokku oo e dow jeyi Fish River Sun Resort.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Kampaañ siwil en ===
Kampaañ siwil mawɗo e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hoɗorde jokkondirnde e golle konu ina wayi no woni ko e bannge hirnaange maayo debbo mawɗo. Heddiiɓe e daartol fof hannde ina njuɓɓinaa e nokku ɗo golf fijirtee ɗoo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Laanaaji ɓuuɓɗi ===
Heddiiɓe e laanaaji Catherine e Justina ina mbaawi yiyeede haa jooni e diƴƴe. Laanaaji ɗii njippiima e kitaale 1840, ɗi ngoni ko e 1 km e daande maayo Liɗɗi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Sigga ==

=== Fijooji ===

* Innde maggal fof e wonde, liɗɗi baɗeteeɗi e saraaji maggal (ko ɓuri heewde e les) ko adii fof ko ngam wellitaare.
* Hitaande kala, maraton laana ndiwoowa maayo liɗɗi, ko kewu laana ndiwoowa keewngu waɗeede e nder balɗe ɗiɗi tuggi baraas Grassridge haa Cradock.
* Diwde e nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo, ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, sabu laanaaji diwooje keewɗi ɗi mbaawi taweede : SS Cariboo, SS Kilbrennan e Waterloo, ngam siftinde heen seeɗa.

=== Otel Naange maayo liɗɗi e nokku njulaagu leydi ===
Otel Fish River Sun e Country Club Resort ko nokku njulaagu Sun International to hunduko maayo Fish to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik worgo. Naange maayo liɗɗi udditi dame mum ko e lewru marse 1989, ko otel e kasino. Jeyi 184 000 ektaar to bannge fuɗnaange maayo Liɗɗi, fawii ko e diiwaan Ciskei e oon sahaa, leydi Bantustan ɓooyndi e laamu apartaayd. Otel oo, kasino oo e nokku golf oo ina njokki wonde nokku turisma ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede e nder diiwaan hee, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu kasino oo, sibu lisaas ina rokketee seeɗa e nder Afrik worgo. Sosiyetee resort oo dañii caɗeele mawɗe nde laylaytol mum kasino ngol ɓeydaaka caggal duuɓi sappo, haa joofni e hitaande 1999. Fotde hoɗorde ndee wayliima gila e otel, wonti nokku njulaagu (club de vacation) golloowo e dow ballal waktuuji (timeshare). Yiilirde njulaagu to Kap fuɗnaange rokkii yamiroore njulaagu goɗɗo to Port Elizabeth, saraaji mum, Sun International kadi ina gollina ɗum, e nder nokku njulaagu Boardwalk e nokku njulaagu winndere. E nder bidsee laylaytol ngol, Boardwalk jaɓii ɓeydude njoɓdi toppitagol Naange maayo Liɗɗi e nder golle mum e ƴellitaare teeru e nder diiwaan hee. Golle ɗee ina mbaɗi njulaagu, yah-ngartaa e tagoodi, golf, yahde e duunde, yahde e laana, liɗɗi, mini-golf, e safaaraaji spa.

Won nokku golf mo Gary Player waɗi, mo limtaa e nder 30 nokku golf ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo.[11] Maayo debbo mawɗo ina doga e laawol ngol. Kursuum oo yuɓɓinii won e kewuuji mawɗi ina jeyaa heen Africa Open e hitaande 2008.

== Toɓɓere Liɗɗi Mawnde ==
Great Fish Point ko nokku lampa gonɗo sara hunduko maayo Great Fish, fotde 25 km e nokku njulaagu daande maayo biyeteeɗo Port Alfred.

Ko adii nde fitirla kaa mahaa e hitaande 1898, lampaaji ɗiɗi laana ndiwoowa kollitooji fitirlaaji daneeji tabitɗi ina mbaɗaa e dow ŋoral to Port Alfred, kono ɗiin fitirlaaji caggal ɗuum kollitii wonde ɗi ŋakkaani. Siistem waktuuji meeɗnooɗo diwde lenyol ngol ina heddii haa jooni, ina hollira.

Hay so tawii fitirla kaa e hoore mum ina toowi tan ko meeteruuji 9 (30 ft), ina woni e 76 meeter (249 ft) dow koye maayo.

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'''Maayo Liɗɗi Mawngo''' (ina wiyee mawngo ngam seerndude ngo e Maayo Liɗɗi Namibi) (Afrikaaɓe: Groot-Visrivier)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Riviere van Suid-Afrika&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 April 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; ko maayo dogngo 644 kiloomeeteer (400 mi) rewrude e diiwaan Afrik worgo biyeteeɗo Kap Fuɗnaange. Nokku daande maayo hakkunde Port Elizabeth e daande maayo Fish ina wiyee daande maayo Naange. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ngoo, ko adii fof ko Rio do Infante, innde João Infante, gardinooɗo gooto e laaɗe diwooje Bartolomeu Dias. Infante yilliima maayo ngoo e darorɗe kitaale 1480.&lt;ref&gt;Raper, Peter Edmund (1987). Dictionary of Southern African Place Names. Johannesburg: Human Science Research Council. (public domain)&lt;/ref&gt;

Innde Liɗɗi mawɗi ɗii ko innde fenaande, sibu ko firo hollande Groot Visch Rivier, wonnoo ko innde maayo wonngo e saraaji Cradock,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Toit, Chris Marais and Julienne du (11 October 2023). &quot;Cradock II: The Fish, the Show, the Ghosts &amp; the Trekbokke&quot;. Daily Maverick. Retrieved 31 January 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; ngo e jokkondiral mum e Liɗɗi tokoosi (Klein Visch Rivier) ina waɗa ko wiyetee no haanirta nii (Maayo Capesh Fuɗnaange).

== Yahde ==
Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ummorii ko fuɗnaange Graaff-Reinet, rewi ko e Cradock. To bannge worgo maayo Tarka ina jokkondiri e daande maggo nano. Ndeen nde waɗii njillu zig-zag haa Cookhouse, nde ummotoo ɗoon nde jippii e dow ŋoral fuɗnaange Grahamstown hade mayre dogde haa yettii ŋoral mayre 8 km fuɗnaange-rewo Seafield, nde naati e maayo Inndo.&lt;ref&gt;O'Keeffe, J. H.; De Moor, F. C. (January 1988). &quot;Changes in the physico-chemistry and benthic invertebrates of the great fish river, South Africa, following an interbasin transfer of water&quot;. Regulated Rivers: Research &amp; Management. 2 (1): 39–55. doi:10.1002/rrr.3450020105. ISSN 0886-9375.&lt;/ref&gt;

Maayo ngoo ina heewi wonde duumotooɗo, ina jogii ndiyam hitaande kala, hay so tawii noon koye maggo ina ummoo e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi, tee ɓuuɓol maggol ina waawi ustaade e nder yontaaji yooro haa caggal ɓuuɓol e ɓuuɓol nokkuuji ɗo ndiyam ɗam yettotoo ; jooni noon, ndiyam ummortooɗam e maayo Orange ina waawi huutoreede ngam jokkude ɓuuɓde e sahaaji yooro. Maayo ngo ina ɓuuɓna fotde 20 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Koyɗe maggo mawɗe ko maayo Groot Brak, maayo Tarka e maayo Kap bannge nano, e maayo Liɗɗi tokoosi (Afrikaaɓe: Klein-Visrivier) bannge ñaamo. Maayo Liɗɗi mawngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fish to Tsitsikama WMA 15&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraaji dow maayo ==

* Baraas Egerton
* Baraas Elandsdrift

== Wakati ==
To daande maayo ngoo, weeyo ngo ina ɓuuɓi fotde 650 mm (26 in) toɓo ngo ɓuri heewde ko e ndunngu e ndunngu. Tampere hakkundeere ina ummoo e 12 haa 24 °C (54 haa 75 °F) tawi ɓurnde toowde ina tolnoo e 2 °C (36 °F) walla ina tolnoo e 40 °C (104 °F).

== Ekoloji ==
E kitaale 1970, eɓɓaande ndiyam mawnde addi ndiyam maayo Orange, rewrude e maayo Liɗɗi, ngam huutoraade ndema e gollorɗe. Tunnel ngam ɗuum ko golle inndeeji mawɗe, tawi ko Oviston (akronim, e ɗemngal Afrik, ko Tunnel Orange-Fish). Oviston woni ko e daande maayo Gariep. Laana ndiwoowa ina waɗee e nder wertallo maayo Liɗɗi, kono nde alaa faggudu, nde huutoraaka.

Jillondirde ndiyam ummoraade e ɓulli ɗiɗi waɗii musiiba e weeyo—ko heewi e ekosistem maayo Liɗɗi ko hannde leɗɗe e kullon ladde Orange River ƴetti ɗum.

=== Leɗɗe ===
To hunduko maayo, ina woodi ɓuuɓri Falnde, ɓuuɓri duunde, leɗɗe riparian e fynbos. Sikaad mawɗo fuɗnaange Kap, leɗɗe boɗeeje e daneeje ko leɗɗe reentorteeɗe. Muuñal goɗngal maantinngal ina jeyaa heen akasiya, peer daneejo, Karoo boer-bean, banaana ladde, buubaaji tooke dunli, plum ladde, lekki koraay e leɗɗe knobwood tokoose.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Landscape of the Great Fish River, South Africa&quot;. www.nature-reserve.co.za. Retrieved 20 October 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Daabaaji ===
Won yimɓe seeɗa e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange kaaƴe (Sandelia bainsii) gonɗo e baasal e nder maayo Kat, jeyaaɗo e maayo Liɗɗi mawɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Sandelia bainsii&lt;/ref&gt;

Nokku hunduko maayo Liɗɗi ina wallita e mbaydiiji keewɗi e kullon ladde mawkon e tokoosi ina heen leƴƴi joy antelope, bushpigs, leƴƴi mborosaaji keewɗi ina heen mongoose, hyrax, hares, rats e mice, batte, e ƴiye ladde Afrik worgo semmbinɗe, genet tokooso spotted, polecat striped e Cape porcu. Ko ɓuri heewde yiyeede e daabaaji ladde ko mboros biyeteeɗo vervet, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina nannga nguura e les nofru hoɗɓe ɓe nganndaa koye mum en to nokku biyeteeɗo Fish River Sun Resort. Ko ina ɓura 135 sifaa colli maayo e leydi tawaaɗi e maayo hee ina heen : lourie Knysna colourful, kingfisher mawɗo e ƴiye liɗɗi. Mbooy ina waɗi 26 sifaa, heen joy tan ko tooke.

== Tariya ==
E nder teeminannde 19ɓiire, maayo ngoo waɗii keeri Koloni Kap&lt;ref&gt;Theal, George McCall (1894). South Africa (the Cape Colony, Natal, Orange Free State, South African Republic, and all other territories south of the Zambesi). London: Unwin. pp. 87–88. Retrieved 7 February 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;, ngo waɗii luural mawngal e nder hareeji Xhosa 1779 haa 1878 hakkunde leñol Xhosa bannge gooto e koloñaal en Afrikaner e Laamaandi Angalteer bannge goɗɗo,&lt;ref&gt;Doke, Clement M.; Dart, Raymond A.; Goodwin, A.J.H.; Marais, J.S.; Eiselen, W.M. (1962). The Bantu Speaking Tribes Of South Africa. Routledge And Kegan Paul Limited. pp. 333–334.&lt;/ref&gt; e nder hitaande 1835, leñol Fingover ngol wonnoo ko e daande maayo. E jamaanu apartaayd, leslese ɗee ngoni ko e keeri hirnaange leydi Ciskei ndi innde mum jeytaare. Hakkunde 1846 e 1847, nokku hunduko maayo Fish wonti nokku ɗo golle keewɗe mbaɗata e nder wolde Axe, gooto e woldeeji keeri keewɗi e oon sahaa hakkunde leñol Xhosa e Angalteer. Laana ndiwoowa feewnaama to maayo Fish ngam jokkondirde e Koloni Kap (bannge hirnaange maayo ngoo) e Waterloo Bay (bay tokooso sara hunduko maayo Old Woman ngo jooni rewata ko e nokku resort Fish River Sun). Waterloo Bay, inniraa ko laana gadana jippinooka kaɓirɗe e nder maayo ngoo, ko nokku ɗo soldateeɓe e kaɓirɗe njippii e wolde ndee. Laanaaji keewɗi njippiima e daande maayo Liɗɗi e nder ɗii duuɓi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;&quot;WATERLOO BAY AND THE FISH RIVER MOUTH - South African Military History Society - Journal&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Ko ɗeeɗoo nokkuuji daartol teskini e daande maayo Fish, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko e nder nokkuuji Fish River Sun Resort ɗi sosiyetee oo etinooma reende:

=== Kampaañ konu Maitland ===
Kampaañ konu mawɗo oo woni ko e bannge fuɗnaange maayo debbo mawɗo, ina wiyee Kap Maitland, ngam teddinde Sir Peregrine Maitland, guwerneer Koloni Kap. Innde ndee waylaama caggal ɗuum, wonti Fort Albert ngam teddinde jom suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Victoria. Kampaañ oo ina waɗi cuuɗi e laylayti taariiɗi leydi, ɗi ngoppitaa ko e joofnirde wolde ndee. Nokku kampaañ oo ‘yiytaa’ nde geɗe keewɗe njiytaa e nder mahngo nokku golf Fish River Sun.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Koɗorɗe Broxholm ===
Won Sergeant C. Broxholm ina wiyee ko kañum mahi tan mbaydi ndi wuuri e wolde ndee, woni bannge fuɗnaange maayo ngoo. Mahaaɗo e hitaande 1846, o soodi suudu nduu hitaande caggal ɗuum, o soodi ɗum Mr. J. Kidd mo fedde misiyoŋaaji Wesleyan, mo nganndu-ɗaa ina ɗaminii waɗde golle misiyoŋaaji to Waterloo Bay.

=== Ceerno Konunkooɓe ===
Won e soldateeɓe maayɓe e njiimaandi Waterloo Bay, mbaraama e nder yanaande tokosere saraaji fuɗnaange maayo Old Woman. Yannge ɗee maandetaaka kono ina sikkaa ko toon terɗe konu 6 e 45 e Cape Levy mbaraa. Laɓɓingol hakkunde ɓulli dunli ina maantiniri nokku oo e dow jeyi Fish River Sun Resort.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Kampaañ siwil en ===
Kampaañ siwil mawɗo e njuɓɓudi njulaagu e hoɗorde jokkondirnde e golle konu ina wayi no woni ko e bannge hirnaange maayo debbo mawɗo. Heddiiɓe e daartol fof hannde ina njuɓɓinaa e nokku ɗo golf fijirtee ɗoo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Laanaaji ɓuuɓɗi ===
Heddiiɓe e laanaaji Catherine e Justina ina mbaawi yiyeede haa jooni e diƴƴe. Laanaaji ɗii njippiima e kitaale 1840, ɗi ngoni ko e 1 km e daande maayo Liɗɗi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Sigga ==

=== Fijooji ===

* Innde maggal fof e wonde, liɗɗi baɗeteeɗi e saraaji maggal (ko ɓuri heewde e les) ko adii fof ko ngam wellitaare.
* Hitaande kala, maraton laana ndiwoowa maayo liɗɗi, ko kewu laana ndiwoowa keewngu waɗeede e nder balɗe ɗiɗi tuggi baraas Grassridge haa Cradock.
* Diwde e nokku ɗo maayo ngoo woni ɗoo, ko huunde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, sabu laanaaji diwooje keewɗi ɗi mbaawi taweede : SS Cariboo, SS Kilbrennan e Waterloo, ngam siftinde heen seeɗa.

=== Otel Naange maayo liɗɗi e nokku njulaagu leydi ===
Otel Fish River Sun e Country Club Resort ko nokku njulaagu Sun International to hunduko maayo Fish to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange Afrik worgo. Naange maayo liɗɗi udditi dame mum ko e lewru marse 1989, ko otel e kasino. Jeyi 184 000 ektaar to bannge fuɗnaange maayo Liɗɗi, fawii ko e diiwaan Ciskei e oon sahaa, leydi Bantustan ɓooyndi e laamu apartaayd. Otel oo, kasino oo e nokku golf oo ina njokki wonde nokku turisma ɓurɗo waawde huutoreede e nder diiwaan hee, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu kasino oo, sibu lisaas ina rokketee seeɗa e nder Afrik worgo. Sosiyetee resort oo dañii caɗeele mawɗe nde laylaytol mum kasino ngol ɓeydaaka caggal duuɓi sappo, haa joofni e hitaande 1999. Fotde hoɗorde ndee wayliima gila e otel, wonti nokku njulaagu (club de vacation) golloowo e dow ballal waktuuji (timeshare). Yiilirde njulaagu to Kap fuɗnaange rokkii yamiroore njulaagu goɗɗo to Port Elizabeth, saraaji mum, Sun International kadi ina gollina ɗum, e nder nokku njulaagu Boardwalk e nokku njulaagu winndere. E nder bidsee laylaytol ngol, Boardwalk jaɓii ɓeydude njoɓdi toppitagol Naange maayo Liɗɗi e nder golle mum e ƴellitaare teeru e nder diiwaan hee. Golle ɗee ina mbaɗi njulaagu, yah-ngartaa e tagoodi, golf, yahde e duunde, yahde e laana, liɗɗi, mini-golf, e safaaraaji spa.

Won nokku golf mo Gary Player waɗi, mo limtaa e nder 30 nokku golf ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Afrik worgo.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Top 100 Golf Courses in South Africa&quot;. Archived from the original on 29 May 2010. Retrieved 20 September 2010.&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Maayo debbo mawɗo ina doga e laawol ngol. Kursuum oo yuɓɓinii won e kewuuji mawɗi ina jeyaa heen Africa Open e hitaande 2008.

== Toɓɓere Liɗɗi Mawnde ==
Great Fish Point ko nokku lampa gonɗo sara hunduko maayo Great Fish, fotde 25 km e nokku njulaagu daande maayo biyeteeɗo Port Alfred.

Ko adii nde fitirla kaa mahaa e hitaande 1898, lampaaji ɗiɗi laana ndiwoowa kollitooji fitirlaaji daneeji tabitɗi ina mbaɗaa e dow ŋoral to Port Alfred, kono ɗiin fitirlaaji caggal ɗuum kollitii wonde ɗi ŋakkaani. Siistem waktuuji meeɗnooɗo diwde lenyol ngol ina heddii haa jooni, ina hollira.

Hay so tawii fitirla kaa e hoore mum ina toowi tan ko meeteruuji 9 (30 ft), ina woni e 76 meeter (249 ft) dow koye maayo.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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    <title>Dam ndiyam ɗam</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.[1] Baraas...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1444" sha1="a6egicl89i1x5yloh6alo3y6qlx6khw" xml:space="preserve">'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.[1] Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).[2]

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.[2] Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).[3] Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.[3] Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==</text>
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      <text bytes="2746" sha1="phlpgm1bnzuu7cux62v25pvs6dhob6n" xml:space="preserve">'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.[1] Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).[2]

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.[2] Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).[3] Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.[3] Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9 %, tawi 10 % cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.[5] Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==</text>
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      <text bytes="3874" sha1="qyobeo2za762axx26qutmn6k3gwl3sb" xml:space="preserve">'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.[1] Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).[2]

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.[2] Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).[3] Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.[3] Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9 %, tawi 10 % cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.[5] Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9 %, tawi 10 % cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.[5] Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e ==</text>
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      <text bytes="4869" sha1="pk1aozmazeoqpeo36v0a7w4jw52ymv6" xml:space="preserve">'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.[1] Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).[2]

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.[2] Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).[3] Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.[3] Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9 %, tawi 10 % cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.[5] Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9 %, tawi 10 % cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.[5] Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Baraas Theewaterskloof ina jogii 480 406 megaliter (16 965,4×106 cu ft) ndiyam, so tawii ko heewi, ko ina tolnoo e 5 059 ektaar (12 500 ektaar).[2] Nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo, ko 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (190 miil kaaree) ina huutoree e maayooji ummortooɗi e koɗli Hottentots Holland. Oo nokku ina jogii balɗe 69 e toɓooli e hitaande kala.[8] Daartol[9] binndanɗe kollitii wonde eɗen ngondi e yonta yooro[10] 1mm toɓo e kala meeteer kaaree ina fota e 500 000 000 liiteer ina fadi e ndeeɗoo nokku. Ndeen noon ina ɗaɓɓi meeteer toɓo timmuɗo e 100% ngam hebbinde baraas oo gila e weeyo ngo alaa ko woni e mum, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa waɗataa e hitaande wootere. Ina ɗaɓɓi balɗe seeɗa haa ndiyam ɗam fof yettoo baraas oo. Ɓooygol e no leydi ndii heewiri ina addana ndiyam ɗam yettaade baraas oo. Hakindo hakkunde 9 % e 15 % ina huutoree ngam ustude nafooje ze e vursugol leydi. Baraas ɓurɗo luggiɗde ina famɗi ɓuuɓol sabu ŋakkeende nokku e dow kala volume.</text>
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      <text bytes="5170" sha1="0aqf4lccn6ocjiddq9l2dp2wizoo28l" xml:space="preserve">'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.[1] Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).[2]

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.[2] Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).[3] Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.[3] Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9 %, tawi 10 % cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.[5] Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9 %, tawi 10 % cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.[5] Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Baraas Theewaterskloof ina jogii 480 406 megaliter (16 965,4×106 cu ft) ndiyam, so tawii ko heewi, ko ina tolnoo e 5 059 ektaar (12 500 ektaar).[2] Nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo, ko 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (190 miil kaaree) ina huutoree e maayooji ummortooɗi e koɗli Hottentots Holland. Oo nokku ina jogii balɗe 69 e toɓooli e hitaande kala.[8] Daartol[9] binndanɗe kollitii wonde eɗen ngondi e yonta yooro[10] 1mm toɓo e kala meeteer kaaree ina fota e 500 000 000 liiteer ina fadi e ndeeɗoo nokku. Ndeen noon ina ɗaɓɓi meeteer toɓo timmuɗo e 100% ngam hebbinde baraas oo gila e weeyo ngo alaa ko woni e mum, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa waɗataa e hitaande wootere. Ina ɗaɓɓi balɗe seeɗa haa ndiyam ɗam fof yettoo baraas oo. Ɓooygol e no leydi ndii heewiri ina addana ndiyam ɗam yettaade baraas oo. Hakindo hakkunde 9 % e 15 % ina huutoree ngam ustude nafooje ze e vursugol leydi. Baraas ɓurɗo luggiɗde ina famɗi ɓuuɓol sabu ŋakkeende nokku e dow kala volume.

== Kewuuji renndo ==
Dam Theewaterskloof kadi ko galle ñalɗi jimɗi Synergy Live ɗi hitaande kala mbaɗata, gooto e ñalɗi jimɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo, ɗi keewi waɗeede ko e ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru noowammbar walla ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru desaambar.[11]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.[1] Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).[2]

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.[2] Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).[3] Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.[3] Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9 %, tawi 10 % cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.[5] Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9 %, tawi 10 % cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.[5] Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Baraas Theewaterskloof ina jogii 480 406 megaliter (16 965,4×106 cu ft) ndiyam, so tawii ko heewi, ko ina tolnoo e 5 059 ektaar (12 500 ektaar).[2] Nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo, ko 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (190 miil kaaree) ina huutoree e maayooji ummortooɗi e koɗli Hottentots Holland. Oo nokku ina jogii balɗe 69 e toɓooli e hitaande kala.[8] Daartol[9] binndanɗe kollitii wonde eɗen ngondi e yonta yooro[10] 1mm toɓo e kala meeteer kaaree ina fota e 500 000 000 liiteer ina fadi e ndeeɗoo nokku. Ndeen noon ina ɗaɓɓi meeteer toɓo timmuɗo e 100% ngam hebbinde baraas oo gila e weeyo ngo alaa ko woni e mum, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa waɗataa e hitaande wootere. Ina ɗaɓɓi balɗe seeɗa haa ndiyam ɗam fof yettoo baraas oo. Ɓooygol e no leydi ndii heewiri ina addana ndiyam ɗam yettaade baraas oo. Hakindo hakkunde 9 % e 15 % ina huutoree ngam ustude nafooje ze e vursugol leydi. Baraas ɓurɗo luggiɗde ina famɗi ɓuuɓol sabu ŋakkeende nokku e dow kala volume.

== Kewuuji renndo ==
Dam Theewaterskloof kadi ko galle ñalɗi jimɗi Synergy Live ɗi hitaande kala mbaɗata, gooto e ñalɗi jimɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo, ɗi keewi waɗeede ko e ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru noowammbar walla ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru desaambar.[11]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.&lt;ref&gt;List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs&lt;/ref&gt; Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).[2]

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.[2] Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).[3] Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.[3] Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9 %, tawi 10 % cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.[5] Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9 %, tawi 10 % cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.[5] Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Baraas Theewaterskloof ina jogii 480 406 megaliter (16 965,4×106 cu ft) ndiyam, so tawii ko heewi, ko ina tolnoo e 5 059 ektaar (12 500 ektaar).[2] Nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo, ko 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (190 miil kaaree) ina huutoree e maayooji ummortooɗi e koɗli Hottentots Holland. Oo nokku ina jogii balɗe 69 e toɓooli e hitaande kala.[8] Daartol[9] binndanɗe kollitii wonde eɗen ngondi e yonta yooro[10] 1mm toɓo e kala meeteer kaaree ina fota e 500 000 000 liiteer ina fadi e ndeeɗoo nokku. Ndeen noon ina ɗaɓɓi meeteer toɓo timmuɗo e 100% ngam hebbinde baraas oo gila e weeyo ngo alaa ko woni e mum, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa waɗataa e hitaande wootere. Ina ɗaɓɓi balɗe seeɗa haa ndiyam ɗam fof yettoo baraas oo. Ɓooygol e no leydi ndii heewiri ina addana ndiyam ɗam yettaade baraas oo. Hakindo hakkunde 9 % e 15 % ina huutoree ngam ustude nafooje ze e vursugol leydi. Baraas ɓurɗo luggiɗde ina famɗi ɓuuɓol sabu ŋakkeende nokku e dow kala volume.

== Kewuuji renndo ==
Dam Theewaterskloof kadi ko galle ñalɗi jimɗi Synergy Live ɗi hitaande kala mbaɗata, gooto e ñalɗi jimɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo, ɗi keewi waɗeede ko e ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru noowammbar walla ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru desaambar.[11]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.&lt;ref&gt;List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs&lt;/ref&gt; Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;List of Registered Dams&quot;. Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation. November 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.[2] Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).[3] Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.[3] Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9 %, tawi 10 % cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.[5] Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9 %, tawi 10 % cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.[5] Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Baraas Theewaterskloof ina jogii 480 406 megaliter (16 965,4×106 cu ft) ndiyam, so tawii ko heewi, ko ina tolnoo e 5 059 ektaar (12 500 ektaar).[2] Nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo, ko 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (190 miil kaaree) ina huutoree e maayooji ummortooɗi e koɗli Hottentots Holland. Oo nokku ina jogii balɗe 69 e toɓooli e hitaande kala.[8] Daartol[9] binndanɗe kollitii wonde eɗen ngondi e yonta yooro[10] 1mm toɓo e kala meeteer kaaree ina fota e 500 000 000 liiteer ina fadi e ndeeɗoo nokku. Ndeen noon ina ɗaɓɓi meeteer toɓo timmuɗo e 100% ngam hebbinde baraas oo gila e weeyo ngo alaa ko woni e mum, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa waɗataa e hitaande wootere. Ina ɗaɓɓi balɗe seeɗa haa ndiyam ɗam fof yettoo baraas oo. Ɓooygol e no leydi ndii heewiri ina addana ndiyam ɗam yettaade baraas oo. Hakindo hakkunde 9 % e 15 % ina huutoree ngam ustude nafooje ze e vursugol leydi. Baraas ɓurɗo luggiɗde ina famɗi ɓuuɓol sabu ŋakkeende nokku e dow kala volume.

== Kewuuji renndo ==
Dam Theewaterskloof kadi ko galle ñalɗi jimɗi Synergy Live ɗi hitaande kala mbaɗata, gooto e ñalɗi jimɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo, ɗi keewi waɗeede ko e ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru noowammbar walla ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru desaambar.[11]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.&lt;ref&gt;List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs&lt;/ref&gt; Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;List of Registered Dams&quot;. Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation. November 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).[3] Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.[3] Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9 %, tawi 10 % cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.[5] Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9 %, tawi 10 % cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.[5] Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Baraas Theewaterskloof ina jogii 480 406 megaliter (16 965,4×106 cu ft) ndiyam, so tawii ko heewi, ko ina tolnoo e 5 059 ektaar (12 500 ektaar).[2] Nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo, ko 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (190 miil kaaree) ina huutoree e maayooji ummortooɗi e koɗli Hottentots Holland. Oo nokku ina jogii balɗe 69 e toɓooli e hitaande kala.[8] Daartol[9] binndanɗe kollitii wonde eɗen ngondi e yonta yooro[10] 1mm toɓo e kala meeteer kaaree ina fota e 500 000 000 liiteer ina fadi e ndeeɗoo nokku. Ndeen noon ina ɗaɓɓi meeteer toɓo timmuɗo e 100% ngam hebbinde baraas oo gila e weeyo ngo alaa ko woni e mum, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa waɗataa e hitaande wootere. Ina ɗaɓɓi balɗe seeɗa haa ndiyam ɗam fof yettoo baraas oo. Ɓooygol e no leydi ndii heewiri ina addana ndiyam ɗam yettaade baraas oo. Hakindo hakkunde 9 % e 15 % ina huutoree ngam ustude nafooje ze e vursugol leydi. Baraas ɓurɗo luggiɗde ina famɗi ɓuuɓol sabu ŋakkeende nokku e dow kala volume.

== Kewuuji renndo ==
Dam Theewaterskloof kadi ko galle ñalɗi jimɗi Synergy Live ɗi hitaande kala mbaɗata, gooto e ñalɗi jimɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo, ɗi keewi waɗeede ko e ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru noowammbar walla ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru desaambar.[11]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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    <revision>
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'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.&lt;ref&gt;List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs&lt;/ref&gt; Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;List of Registered Dams&quot;. Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation. November 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).[3] Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.&lt;ref&gt;van Vuuren, Lani (May 2011). &quot;Blood, sweat and tears at Riviersonderend&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. 10 (3). Water Research Commission: 22–25. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9 %, tawi 10 % cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.[5] Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9 %, tawi 10 % cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.[5] Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Baraas Theewaterskloof ina jogii 480 406 megaliter (16 965,4×106 cu ft) ndiyam, so tawii ko heewi, ko ina tolnoo e 5 059 ektaar (12 500 ektaar).[2] Nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo, ko 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (190 miil kaaree) ina huutoree e maayooji ummortooɗi e koɗli Hottentots Holland. Oo nokku ina jogii balɗe 69 e toɓooli e hitaande kala.[8] Daartol[9] binndanɗe kollitii wonde eɗen ngondi e yonta yooro[10] 1mm toɓo e kala meeteer kaaree ina fota e 500 000 000 liiteer ina fadi e ndeeɗoo nokku. Ndeen noon ina ɗaɓɓi meeteer toɓo timmuɗo e 100% ngam hebbinde baraas oo gila e weeyo ngo alaa ko woni e mum, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa waɗataa e hitaande wootere. Ina ɗaɓɓi balɗe seeɗa haa ndiyam ɗam fof yettoo baraas oo. Ɓooygol e no leydi ndii heewiri ina addana ndiyam ɗam yettaade baraas oo. Hakindo hakkunde 9 % e 15 % ina huutoree ngam ustude nafooje ze e vursugol leydi. Baraas ɓurɗo luggiɗde ina famɗi ɓuuɓol sabu ŋakkeende nokku e dow kala volume.

== Kewuuji renndo ==
Dam Theewaterskloof kadi ko galle ñalɗi jimɗi Synergy Live ɗi hitaande kala mbaɗata, gooto e ñalɗi jimɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo, ɗi keewi waɗeede ko e ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru noowammbar walla ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru desaambar.[11]

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'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.&lt;ref&gt;List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs&lt;/ref&gt; Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;List of Registered Dams&quot;. Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation. November 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;van Vuuren, Lani (May 2011). &quot;Blood, sweat and tears at Riviersonderend&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. 10 (3). Water Research Commission: 22–25. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9 %, tawi 10 % cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.[5] Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9 %, tawi 10 % cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.[5] Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Baraas Theewaterskloof ina jogii 480 406 megaliter (16 965,4×106 cu ft) ndiyam, so tawii ko heewi, ko ina tolnoo e 5 059 ektaar (12 500 ektaar).[2] Nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo, ko 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (190 miil kaaree) ina huutoree e maayooji ummortooɗi e koɗli Hottentots Holland. Oo nokku ina jogii balɗe 69 e toɓooli e hitaande kala.[8] Daartol[9] binndanɗe kollitii wonde eɗen ngondi e yonta yooro[10] 1mm toɓo e kala meeteer kaaree ina fota e 500 000 000 liiteer ina fadi e ndeeɗoo nokku. Ndeen noon ina ɗaɓɓi meeteer toɓo timmuɗo e 100% ngam hebbinde baraas oo gila e weeyo ngo alaa ko woni e mum, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa waɗataa e hitaande wootere. Ina ɗaɓɓi balɗe seeɗa haa ndiyam ɗam fof yettoo baraas oo. Ɓooygol e no leydi ndii heewiri ina addana ndiyam ɗam yettaade baraas oo. Hakindo hakkunde 9 % e 15 % ina huutoree ngam ustude nafooje ze e vursugol leydi. Baraas ɓurɗo luggiɗde ina famɗi ɓuuɓol sabu ŋakkeende nokku e dow kala volume.

== Kewuuji renndo ==
Dam Theewaterskloof kadi ko galle ñalɗi jimɗi Synergy Live ɗi hitaande kala mbaɗata, gooto e ñalɗi jimɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo, ɗi keewi waɗeede ko e ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru noowammbar walla ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru desaambar.[11]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.&lt;ref&gt;List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs&lt;/ref&gt; Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;List of Registered Dams&quot;. Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation. November 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;van Vuuren, Lani (May 2011). &quot;Blood, sweat and tears at Riviersonderend&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. 10 (3). Water Research Commission: 22–25. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Western Cape dam levels up only 1.5% after storms&quot;. www.enca.com. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9 %, tawi 10 % cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.[5] Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Baraas Theewaterskloof ina jogii 480 406 megaliter (16 965,4×106 cu ft) ndiyam, so tawii ko heewi, ko ina tolnoo e 5 059 ektaar (12 500 ektaar).[2] Nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo, ko 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (190 miil kaaree) ina huutoree e maayooji ummortooɗi e koɗli Hottentots Holland. Oo nokku ina jogii balɗe 69 e toɓooli e hitaande kala.[8] Daartol[9] binndanɗe kollitii wonde eɗen ngondi e yonta yooro[10] 1mm toɓo e kala meeteer kaaree ina fota e 500 000 000 liiteer ina fadi e ndeeɗoo nokku. Ndeen noon ina ɗaɓɓi meeteer toɓo timmuɗo e 100% ngam hebbinde baraas oo gila e weeyo ngo alaa ko woni e mum, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa waɗataa e hitaande wootere. Ina ɗaɓɓi balɗe seeɗa haa ndiyam ɗam fof yettoo baraas oo. Ɓooygol e no leydi ndii heewiri ina addana ndiyam ɗam yettaade baraas oo. Hakindo hakkunde 9 % e 15 % ina huutoree ngam ustude nafooje ze e vursugol leydi. Baraas ɓurɗo luggiɗde ina famɗi ɓuuɓol sabu ŋakkeende nokku e dow kala volume.

== Kewuuji renndo ==
Dam Theewaterskloof kadi ko galle ñalɗi jimɗi Synergy Live ɗi hitaande kala mbaɗata, gooto e ñalɗi jimɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo, ɗi keewi waɗeede ko e ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru noowammbar walla ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru desaambar.[11]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.&lt;ref&gt;List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs&lt;/ref&gt; Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;List of Registered Dams&quot;. Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation. November 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;van Vuuren, Lani (May 2011). &quot;Blood, sweat and tears at Riviersonderend&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. 10 (3). Water Research Commission: 22–25. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Residential water restrictions explained&quot;. www.capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Western Cape dam levels up only 1.5% after storms&quot;. www.enca.com. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9 %, tawi 10 % cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.[5] Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Baraas Theewaterskloof ina jogii 480 406 megaliter (16 965,4×106 cu ft) ndiyam, so tawii ko heewi, ko ina tolnoo e 5 059 ektaar (12 500 ektaar).[2] Nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo, ko 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (190 miil kaaree) ina huutoree e maayooji ummortooɗi e koɗli Hottentots Holland. Oo nokku ina jogii balɗe 69 e toɓooli e hitaande kala.[8] Daartol[9] binndanɗe kollitii wonde eɗen ngondi e yonta yooro[10] 1mm toɓo e kala meeteer kaaree ina fota e 500 000 000 liiteer ina fadi e ndeeɗoo nokku. Ndeen noon ina ɗaɓɓi meeteer toɓo timmuɗo e 100% ngam hebbinde baraas oo gila e weeyo ngo alaa ko woni e mum, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa waɗataa e hitaande wootere. Ina ɗaɓɓi balɗe seeɗa haa ndiyam ɗam fof yettoo baraas oo. Ɓooygol e no leydi ndii heewiri ina addana ndiyam ɗam yettaade baraas oo. Hakindo hakkunde 9 % e 15 % ina huutoree ngam ustude nafooje ze e vursugol leydi. Baraas ɓurɗo luggiɗde ina famɗi ɓuuɓol sabu ŋakkeende nokku e dow kala volume.

== Kewuuji renndo ==
Dam Theewaterskloof kadi ko galle ñalɗi jimɗi Synergy Live ɗi hitaande kala mbaɗata, gooto e ñalɗi jimɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo, ɗi keewi waɗeede ko e ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru noowammbar walla ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru desaambar.[11]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.&lt;ref&gt;List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs&lt;/ref&gt; Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;List of Registered Dams&quot;. Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation. November 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;van Vuuren, Lani (May 2011). &quot;Blood, sweat and tears at Riviersonderend&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. 10 (3). Water Research Commission: 22–25. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Residential water restrictions explained&quot;. www.capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&quot;Western Cape dam levels up only 1.5% after storms&quot;. www.enca.com. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9 %, tawi 10 % cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Baraas Theewaterskloof ina jogii 480 406 megaliter (16 965,4×106 cu ft) ndiyam, so tawii ko heewi, ko ina tolnoo e 5 059 ektaar (12 500 ektaar).[2] Nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo, ko 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (190 miil kaaree) ina huutoree e maayooji ummortooɗi e koɗli Hottentots Holland. Oo nokku ina jogii balɗe 69 e toɓooli e hitaande kala.[8] Daartol[9] binndanɗe kollitii wonde eɗen ngondi e yonta yooro[10] 1mm toɓo e kala meeteer kaaree ina fota e 500 000 000 liiteer ina fadi e ndeeɗoo nokku. Ndeen noon ina ɗaɓɓi meeteer toɓo timmuɗo e 100% ngam hebbinde baraas oo gila e weeyo ngo alaa ko woni e mum, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa waɗataa e hitaande wootere. Ina ɗaɓɓi balɗe seeɗa haa ndiyam ɗam fof yettoo baraas oo. Ɓooygol e no leydi ndii heewiri ina addana ndiyam ɗam yettaade baraas oo. Hakindo hakkunde 9 % e 15 % ina huutoree ngam ustude nafooje ze e vursugol leydi. Baraas ɓurɗo luggiɗde ina famɗi ɓuuɓol sabu ŋakkeende nokku e dow kala volume.

== Kewuuji renndo ==
Dam Theewaterskloof kadi ko galle ñalɗi jimɗi Synergy Live ɗi hitaande kala mbaɗata, gooto e ñalɗi jimɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo, ɗi keewi waɗeede ko e ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru noowammbar walla ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru desaambar.[11]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.&lt;ref&gt;List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs&lt;/ref&gt; Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;List of Registered Dams&quot;. Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation. November 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;van Vuuren, Lani (May 2011). &quot;Blood, sweat and tears at Riviersonderend&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. 10 (3). Water Research Commission: 22–25. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Residential water restrictions explained&quot;. www.capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&quot;Western Cape dam levels up only 1.5% after storms&quot;. www.enca.com. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.&lt;ref&gt;Bhengu, Lwandile (4 October 2020). &quot;Western Cape's largest dam overflows for the first time in six years&quot;. Sowetan. Retrieved 26 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Baraas Theewaterskloof ina jogii 480 406 megaliter (16 965,4×106 cu ft) ndiyam, so tawii ko heewi, ko ina tolnoo e 5 059 ektaar (12 500 ektaar).[2] Nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo, ko 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (190 miil kaaree) ina huutoree e maayooji ummortooɗi e koɗli Hottentots Holland. Oo nokku ina jogii balɗe 69 e toɓooli e hitaande kala.[8] Daartol[9] binndanɗe kollitii wonde eɗen ngondi e yonta yooro[10] 1mm toɓo e kala meeteer kaaree ina fota e 500 000 000 liiteer ina fadi e ndeeɗoo nokku. Ndeen noon ina ɗaɓɓi meeteer toɓo timmuɗo e 100% ngam hebbinde baraas oo gila e weeyo ngo alaa ko woni e mum, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa waɗataa e hitaande wootere. Ina ɗaɓɓi balɗe seeɗa haa ndiyam ɗam fof yettoo baraas oo. Ɓooygol e no leydi ndii heewiri ina addana ndiyam ɗam yettaade baraas oo. Hakindo hakkunde 9 % e 15 % ina huutoree ngam ustude nafooje ze e vursugol leydi. Baraas ɓurɗo luggiɗde ina famɗi ɓuuɓol sabu ŋakkeende nokku e dow kala volume.

== Kewuuji renndo ==
Dam Theewaterskloof kadi ko galle ñalɗi jimɗi Synergy Live ɗi hitaande kala mbaɗata, gooto e ñalɗi jimɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo, ɗi keewi waɗeede ko e ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru noowammbar walla ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru desaambar.[11]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.&lt;ref&gt;List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs&lt;/ref&gt; Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;List of Registered Dams&quot;. Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation. November 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;van Vuuren, Lani (May 2011). &quot;Blood, sweat and tears at Riviersonderend&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. 10 (3). Water Research Commission: 22–25. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Residential water restrictions explained&quot;. www.capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&quot;Western Cape dam levels up only 1.5% after storms&quot;. www.enca.com. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,[4] tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni&lt;ref&gt;Watts, Jonathan (2018-02-03). &quot;Cape Town faces Day Zero: what happens when the city turns off the taps?&quot;. The Guardian. Retrieved 2021-03-29.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.&lt;ref&gt;Bhengu, Lwandile (4 October 2020). &quot;Western Cape's largest dam overflows for the first time in six years&quot;. Sowetan. Retrieved 26 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Baraas Theewaterskloof ina jogii 480 406 megaliter (16 965,4×106 cu ft) ndiyam, so tawii ko heewi, ko ina tolnoo e 5 059 ektaar (12 500 ektaar).[2] Nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo, ko 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (190 miil kaaree) ina huutoree e maayooji ummortooɗi e koɗli Hottentots Holland. Oo nokku ina jogii balɗe 69 e toɓooli e hitaande kala.[8] Daartol[9] binndanɗe kollitii wonde eɗen ngondi e yonta yooro[10] 1mm toɓo e kala meeteer kaaree ina fota e 500 000 000 liiteer ina fadi e ndeeɗoo nokku. Ndeen noon ina ɗaɓɓi meeteer toɓo timmuɗo e 100% ngam hebbinde baraas oo gila e weeyo ngo alaa ko woni e mum, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa waɗataa e hitaande wootere. Ina ɗaɓɓi balɗe seeɗa haa ndiyam ɗam fof yettoo baraas oo. Ɓooygol e no leydi ndii heewiri ina addana ndiyam ɗam yettaade baraas oo. Hakindo hakkunde 9 % e 15 % ina huutoree ngam ustude nafooje ze e vursugol leydi. Baraas ɓurɗo luggiɗde ina famɗi ɓuuɓol sabu ŋakkeende nokku e dow kala volume.

== Kewuuji renndo ==
Dam Theewaterskloof kadi ko galle ñalɗi jimɗi Synergy Live ɗi hitaande kala mbaɗata, gooto e ñalɗi jimɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo, ɗi keewi waɗeede ko e ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru noowammbar walla ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru desaambar.[11]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.&lt;ref&gt;List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs&lt;/ref&gt; Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;List of Registered Dams&quot;. Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation. November 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;van Vuuren, Lani (May 2011). &quot;Blood, sweat and tears at Riviersonderend&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. 10 (3). Water Research Commission: 22–25. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&quot;Residential water restrictions explained&quot;. www.capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&quot;Western Cape dam levels up only 1.5% after storms&quot;. www.enca.com. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni&lt;ref&gt;Watts, Jonathan (2018-02-03). &quot;Cape Town faces Day Zero: what happens when the city turns off the taps?&quot;. The Guardian. Retrieved 2021-03-29.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.&lt;ref&gt;Bhengu, Lwandile (4 October 2020). &quot;Western Cape's largest dam overflows for the first time in six years&quot;. Sowetan. Retrieved 26 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Baraas Theewaterskloof ina jogii 480 406 megaliter (16 965,4×106 cu ft) ndiyam, so tawii ko heewi, ko ina tolnoo e 5 059 ektaar (12 500 ektaar).[2] Nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo, ko 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (190 miil kaaree) ina huutoree e maayooji ummortooɗi e koɗli Hottentots Holland. Oo nokku ina jogii balɗe 69 e toɓooli e hitaande kala.[8] Daartol[9] binndanɗe kollitii wonde eɗen ngondi e yonta yooro[10] 1mm toɓo e kala meeteer kaaree ina fota e 500 000 000 liiteer ina fadi e ndeeɗoo nokku. Ndeen noon ina ɗaɓɓi meeteer toɓo timmuɗo e 100% ngam hebbinde baraas oo gila e weeyo ngo alaa ko woni e mum, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa waɗataa e hitaande wootere. Ina ɗaɓɓi balɗe seeɗa haa ndiyam ɗam fof yettoo baraas oo. Ɓooygol e no leydi ndii heewiri ina addana ndiyam ɗam yettaade baraas oo. Hakindo hakkunde 9 % e 15 % ina huutoree ngam ustude nafooje ze e vursugol leydi. Baraas ɓurɗo luggiɗde ina famɗi ɓuuɓol sabu ŋakkeende nokku e dow kala volume.

== Kewuuji renndo ==
Dam Theewaterskloof kadi ko galle ñalɗi jimɗi Synergy Live ɗi hitaande kala mbaɗata, gooto e ñalɗi jimɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo, ɗi keewi waɗeede ko e ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru noowammbar walla ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru desaambar.[11]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.&lt;ref&gt;List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs&lt;/ref&gt; Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;List of Registered Dams&quot;. Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation. November 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;van Vuuren, Lani (May 2011). &quot;Blood, sweat and tears at Riviersonderend&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. 10 (3). Water Research Commission: 22–25. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&quot;Residential water restrictions explained&quot;. www.capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&quot;Western Cape dam levels up only 1.5% after storms&quot;. www.enca.com. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni&lt;ref&gt;Watts, Jonathan (2018-02-03). &quot;Cape Town faces Day Zero: what happens when the city turns off the taps?&quot;. The Guardian. Retrieved 2021-03-29.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.&lt;ref&gt;Bhengu, Lwandile (4 October 2020). &quot;Western Cape's largest dam overflows for the first time in six years&quot;. Sowetan. Retrieved 26 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Baraas Theewaterskloof ina jogii 480 406 megaliter (16 965,4×106 cu ft) ndiyam, so tawii ko heewi, ko ina tolnoo e 5 059 ektaar (12 500 ektaar).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo, ko 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (190 miil kaaree) ina huutoree e maayooji ummortooɗi e koɗli Hottentots Holland. Oo nokku ina jogii balɗe 69 e toɓooli e hitaande kala.[8] Daartol[9] binndanɗe kollitii wonde eɗen ngondi e yonta yooro[10] 1mm toɓo e kala meeteer kaaree ina fota e 500 000 000 liiteer ina fadi e ndeeɗoo nokku. Ndeen noon ina ɗaɓɓi meeteer toɓo timmuɗo e 100% ngam hebbinde baraas oo gila e weeyo ngo alaa ko woni e mum, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa waɗataa e hitaande wootere. Ina ɗaɓɓi balɗe seeɗa haa ndiyam ɗam fof yettoo baraas oo. Ɓooygol e no leydi ndii heewiri ina addana ndiyam ɗam yettaade baraas oo. Hakindo hakkunde 9 % e 15 % ina huutoree ngam ustude nafooje ze e vursugol leydi. Baraas ɓurɗo luggiɗde ina famɗi ɓuuɓol sabu ŋakkeende nokku e dow kala volume.

== Kewuuji renndo ==
Dam Theewaterskloof kadi ko galle ñalɗi jimɗi Synergy Live ɗi hitaande kala mbaɗata, gooto e ñalɗi jimɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo, ɗi keewi waɗeede ko e ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru noowammbar walla ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru desaambar.[11]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.&lt;ref&gt;List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs&lt;/ref&gt; Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;List of Registered Dams&quot;. Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation. November 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;van Vuuren, Lani (May 2011). &quot;Blood, sweat and tears at Riviersonderend&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. 10 (3). Water Research Commission: 22–25. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&quot;Residential water restrictions explained&quot;. www.capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&quot;Western Cape dam levels up only 1.5% after storms&quot;. www.enca.com. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.[7]

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni&lt;ref&gt;Watts, Jonathan (2018-02-03). &quot;Cape Town faces Day Zero: what happens when the city turns off the taps?&quot;. The Guardian. Retrieved 2021-03-29.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.&lt;ref&gt;Bhengu, Lwandile (4 October 2020). &quot;Western Cape's largest dam overflows for the first time in six years&quot;. Sowetan. Retrieved 26 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Baraas Theewaterskloof ina jogii 480 406 megaliter (16 965,4×106 cu ft) ndiyam, so tawii ko heewi, ko ina tolnoo e 5 059 ektaar (12 500 ektaar).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo, ko 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (190 miil kaaree) ina huutoree e maayooji ummortooɗi e koɗli Hottentots Holland. Oo nokku ina jogii balɗe 69 e toɓooli e hitaande kala.&lt;ref&gt;institutt, NRK og Meteorologisk. &quot;Weather statistics for Theewaterskloofdam&quot;. yr.no. Archived from the original on 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2017-07-10.&lt;/ref&gt; Daartol[9] binndanɗe kollitii wonde eɗen ngondi e yonta yooro[10] 1mm toɓo e kala meeteer kaaree ina fota e 500 000 000 liiteer ina fadi e ndeeɗoo nokku. Ndeen noon ina ɗaɓɓi meeteer toɓo timmuɗo e 100% ngam hebbinde baraas oo gila e weeyo ngo alaa ko woni e mum, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa waɗataa e hitaande wootere. Ina ɗaɓɓi balɗe seeɗa haa ndiyam ɗam fof yettoo baraas oo. Ɓooygol e no leydi ndii heewiri ina addana ndiyam ɗam yettaade baraas oo. Hakindo hakkunde 9 % e 15 % ina huutoree ngam ustude nafooje ze e vursugol leydi. Baraas ɓurɗo luggiɗde ina famɗi ɓuuɓol sabu ŋakkeende nokku e dow kala volume.

== Kewuuji renndo ==
Dam Theewaterskloof kadi ko galle ñalɗi jimɗi Synergy Live ɗi hitaande kala mbaɗata, gooto e ñalɗi jimɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo, ɗi keewi waɗeede ko e ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru noowammbar walla ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru desaambar.[11]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.&lt;ref&gt;List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs&lt;/ref&gt; Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;List of Registered Dams&quot;. Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation. November 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;van Vuuren, Lani (May 2011). &quot;Blood, sweat and tears at Riviersonderend&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. 10 (3). Water Research Commission: 22–25. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&quot;Residential water restrictions explained&quot;. www.capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&quot;Western Cape dam levels up only 1.5% after storms&quot;. www.enca.com. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni&lt;ref&gt;Watts, Jonathan (2018-02-03). &quot;Cape Town faces Day Zero: what happens when the city turns off the taps?&quot;. The Guardian. Retrieved 2021-03-29.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Bhengu, Lwandile (4 October 2020). &quot;Western Cape's largest dam overflows for the first time in six years&quot;. Sowetan. Retrieved 26 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Baraas Theewaterskloof ina jogii 480 406 megaliter (16 965,4×106 cu ft) ndiyam, so tawii ko heewi, ko ina tolnoo e 5 059 ektaar (12 500 ektaar).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo, ko 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (190 miil kaaree) ina huutoree e maayooji ummortooɗi e koɗli Hottentots Holland. Oo nokku ina jogii balɗe 69 e toɓooli e hitaande kala.&lt;ref&gt;institutt, NRK og Meteorologisk. &quot;Weather statistics for Theewaterskloofdam&quot;. yr.no. Archived from the original on 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2017-07-10.&lt;/ref&gt; Daartol[9] binndanɗe kollitii wonde eɗen ngondi e yonta yooro[10] 1mm toɓo e kala meeteer kaaree ina fota e 500 000 000 liiteer ina fadi e ndeeɗoo nokku. Ndeen noon ina ɗaɓɓi meeteer toɓo timmuɗo e 100% ngam hebbinde baraas oo gila e weeyo ngo alaa ko woni e mum, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa waɗataa e hitaande wootere. Ina ɗaɓɓi balɗe seeɗa haa ndiyam ɗam fof yettoo baraas oo. Ɓooygol e no leydi ndii heewiri ina addana ndiyam ɗam yettaade baraas oo. Hakindo hakkunde 9 % e 15 % ina huutoree ngam ustude nafooje ze e vursugol leydi. Baraas ɓurɗo luggiɗde ina famɗi ɓuuɓol sabu ŋakkeende nokku e dow kala volume.

== Kewuuji renndo ==
Dam Theewaterskloof kadi ko galle ñalɗi jimɗi Synergy Live ɗi hitaande kala mbaɗata, gooto e ñalɗi jimɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo, ɗi keewi waɗeede ko e ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru noowammbar walla ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru desaambar.[11]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.&lt;ref&gt;List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs&lt;/ref&gt; Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;List of Registered Dams&quot;. Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation. November 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;van Vuuren, Lani (May 2011). &quot;Blood, sweat and tears at Riviersonderend&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. 10 (3). Water Research Commission: 22–25. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&quot;Residential water restrictions explained&quot;. www.capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&quot;Western Cape dam levels up only 1.5% after storms&quot;. www.enca.com. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni&lt;ref&gt;Watts, Jonathan (2018-02-03). &quot;Cape Town faces Day Zero: what happens when the city turns off the taps?&quot;. The Guardian. Retrieved 2021-03-29.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Bhengu, Lwandile (4 October 2020). &quot;Western Cape's largest dam overflows for the first time in six years&quot;. Sowetan. Retrieved 26 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Baraas Theewaterskloof ina jogii 480 406 megaliter (16 965,4×106 cu ft) ndiyam, so tawii ko heewi, ko ina tolnoo e 5 059 ektaar (12 500 ektaar).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo, ko 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (190 miil kaaree) ina huutoree e maayooji ummortooɗi e koɗli Hottentots Holland. Oo nokku ina jogii balɗe 69 e toɓooli e hitaande kala.&lt;ref&gt;institutt, NRK og Meteorologisk. &quot;Weather statistics for Theewaterskloofdam&quot;. yr.no. Archived from the original on 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2017-07-10.&lt;/ref&gt; Daartol&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Rainfall History&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; binndanɗe kollitii wonde eɗen ngondi e yonta yooro[10] 1mm toɓo e kala meeteer kaaree ina fota e 500 000 000 liiteer ina fadi e ndeeɗoo nokku. Ndeen noon ina ɗaɓɓi meeteer toɓo timmuɗo e 100% ngam hebbinde baraas oo gila e weeyo ngo alaa ko woni e mum, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa waɗataa e hitaande wootere. Ina ɗaɓɓi balɗe seeɗa haa ndiyam ɗam fof yettoo baraas oo. Ɓooygol e no leydi ndii heewiri ina addana ndiyam ɗam yettaade baraas oo. Hakindo hakkunde 9 % e 15 % ina huutoree ngam ustude nafooje ze e vursugol leydi. Baraas ɓurɗo luggiɗde ina famɗi ɓuuɓol sabu ŋakkeende nokku e dow kala volume.

== Kewuuji renndo ==
Dam Theewaterskloof kadi ko galle ñalɗi jimɗi Synergy Live ɗi hitaande kala mbaɗata, gooto e ñalɗi jimɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo, ɗi keewi waɗeede ko e ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru noowammbar walla ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru desaambar.[11]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.&lt;ref&gt;List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs&lt;/ref&gt; Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;List of Registered Dams&quot;. Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation. November 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;van Vuuren, Lani (May 2011). &quot;Blood, sweat and tears at Riviersonderend&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. 10 (3). Water Research Commission: 22–25. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&quot;Residential water restrictions explained&quot;. www.capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&quot;Western Cape dam levels up only 1.5% after storms&quot;. www.enca.com. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni&lt;ref&gt;Watts, Jonathan (2018-02-03). &quot;Cape Town faces Day Zero: what happens when the city turns off the taps?&quot;. The Guardian. Retrieved 2021-03-29.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Bhengu, Lwandile (4 October 2020). &quot;Western Cape's largest dam overflows for the first time in six years&quot;. Sowetan. Retrieved 26 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Baraas Theewaterskloof ina jogii 480 406 megaliter (16 965,4×106 cu ft) ndiyam, so tawii ko heewi, ko ina tolnoo e 5 059 ektaar (12 500 ektaar).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo, ko 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (190 miil kaaree) ina huutoree e maayooji ummortooɗi e koɗli Hottentots Holland. Oo nokku ina jogii balɗe 69 e toɓooli e hitaande kala.&lt;ref&gt;institutt, NRK og Meteorologisk. &quot;Weather statistics for Theewaterskloofdam&quot;. yr.no. Archived from the original on 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2017-07-10.&lt;/ref&gt; Daartol&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Rainfall History&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; binndanɗe kollitii wonde eɗen ngondi e yonta yooro&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Western Cape rainfall&quot;. Archived from the original on 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2017-07-30.&lt;/ref&gt; 1mm toɓo e kala meeteer kaaree ina fota e 500 000 000 liiteer ina fadi e ndeeɗoo nokku. Ndeen noon ina ɗaɓɓi meeteer toɓo timmuɗo e 100% ngam hebbinde baraas oo gila e weeyo ngo alaa ko woni e mum, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa waɗataa e hitaande wootere. Ina ɗaɓɓi balɗe seeɗa haa ndiyam ɗam fof yettoo baraas oo. Ɓooygol e no leydi ndii heewiri ina addana ndiyam ɗam yettaade baraas oo. Hakindo hakkunde 9 % e 15 % ina huutoree ngam ustude nafooje ze e vursugol leydi. Baraas ɓurɗo luggiɗde ina famɗi ɓuuɓol sabu ŋakkeende nokku e dow kala volume.

== Kewuuji renndo ==
Dam Theewaterskloof kadi ko galle ñalɗi jimɗi Synergy Live ɗi hitaande kala mbaɗata, gooto e ñalɗi jimɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo, ɗi keewi waɗeede ko e ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru noowammbar walla ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru desaambar.[11]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.&lt;ref&gt;List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs&lt;/ref&gt; Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;List of Registered Dams&quot;. Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation. November 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sifaa dam ==
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;van Vuuren, Lani (May 2011). &quot;Blood, sweat and tears at Riviersonderend&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. 10 (3). Water Research Commission: 22–25. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&quot;Residential water restrictions explained&quot;. www.capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&quot;Western Cape dam levels up only 1.5% after storms&quot;. www.enca.com. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni&lt;ref&gt;Watts, Jonathan (2018-02-03). &quot;Cape Town faces Day Zero: what happens when the city turns off the taps?&quot;. The Guardian. Retrieved 2021-03-29.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Bhengu, Lwandile (4 October 2020). &quot;Western Cape's largest dam overflows for the first time in six years&quot;. Sowetan. Retrieved 26 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Baraas Theewaterskloof ina jogii 480 406 megaliter (16 965,4×106 cu ft) ndiyam, so tawii ko heewi, ko ina tolnoo e 5 059 ektaar (12 500 ektaar).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo, ko 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (190 miil kaaree) ina huutoree e maayooji ummortooɗi e koɗli Hottentots Holland. Oo nokku ina jogii balɗe 69 e toɓooli e hitaande kala.&lt;ref&gt;institutt, NRK og Meteorologisk. &quot;Weather statistics for Theewaterskloofdam&quot;. yr.no. Archived from the original on 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2017-07-10.&lt;/ref&gt; Daartol&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Rainfall History&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; binndanɗe kollitii wonde eɗen ngondi e yonta yooro&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Western Cape rainfall&quot;. Archived from the original on 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2017-07-30.&lt;/ref&gt; 1mm toɓo e kala meeteer kaaree ina fota e 500 000 000 liiteer ina fadi e ndeeɗoo nokku. Ndeen noon ina ɗaɓɓi meeteer toɓo timmuɗo e 100% ngam hebbinde baraas oo gila e weeyo ngo alaa ko woni e mum, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa waɗataa e hitaande wootere. Ina ɗaɓɓi balɗe seeɗa haa ndiyam ɗam fof yettoo baraas oo. Ɓooygol e no leydi ndii heewiri ina addana ndiyam ɗam yettaade baraas oo. Hakindo hakkunde 9 % e 15 % ina huutoree ngam ustude nafooje ze e vursugol leydi. Baraas ɓurɗo luggiɗde ina famɗi ɓuuɓol sabu ŋakkeende nokku e dow kala volume.

== Kewuuji renndo ==
Dam Theewaterskloof kadi ko galle ñalɗi jimɗi Synergy Live ɗi hitaande kala mbaɗata, gooto e ñalɗi jimɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo, ɗi keewi waɗeede ko e ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru noowammbar walla ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru desaambar.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Synergy&quot;. Synergy. 2015. Archived from the original on 15 May 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.&lt;ref&gt;List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs&lt;/ref&gt; Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;List of Registered Dams&quot;. Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation. November 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sifaa dam ==
[[File:Theewaterskloof Dam water extraction point.jpg|thumb]]
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;van Vuuren, Lani (May 2011). &quot;Blood, sweat and tears at Riviersonderend&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. 10 (3). Water Research Commission: 22–25. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&quot;Residential water restrictions explained&quot;. www.capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&quot;Western Cape dam levels up only 1.5% after storms&quot;. www.enca.com. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni&lt;ref&gt;Watts, Jonathan (2018-02-03). &quot;Cape Town faces Day Zero: what happens when the city turns off the taps?&quot;. The Guardian. Retrieved 2021-03-29.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Bhengu, Lwandile (4 October 2020). &quot;Western Cape's largest dam overflows for the first time in six years&quot;. Sowetan. Retrieved 26 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Baraas Theewaterskloof ina jogii 480 406 megaliter (16 965,4×106 cu ft) ndiyam, so tawii ko heewi, ko ina tolnoo e 5 059 ektaar (12 500 ektaar).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo, ko 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (190 miil kaaree) ina huutoree e maayooji ummortooɗi e koɗli Hottentots Holland. Oo nokku ina jogii balɗe 69 e toɓooli e hitaande kala.&lt;ref&gt;institutt, NRK og Meteorologisk. &quot;Weather statistics for Theewaterskloofdam&quot;. yr.no. Archived from the original on 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2017-07-10.&lt;/ref&gt; Daartol&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Rainfall History&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; binndanɗe kollitii wonde eɗen ngondi e yonta yooro&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Western Cape rainfall&quot;. Archived from the original on 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2017-07-30.&lt;/ref&gt; 1mm toɓo e kala meeteer kaaree ina fota e 500 000 000 liiteer ina fadi e ndeeɗoo nokku. Ndeen noon ina ɗaɓɓi meeteer toɓo timmuɗo e 100% ngam hebbinde baraas oo gila e weeyo ngo alaa ko woni e mum, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa waɗataa e hitaande wootere. Ina ɗaɓɓi balɗe seeɗa haa ndiyam ɗam fof yettoo baraas oo. Ɓooygol e no leydi ndii heewiri ina addana ndiyam ɗam yettaade baraas oo. Hakindo hakkunde 9 % e 15 % ina huutoree ngam ustude nafooje ze e vursugol leydi. Baraas ɓurɗo luggiɗde ina famɗi ɓuuɓol sabu ŋakkeende nokku e dow kala volume.

== Kewuuji renndo ==
Dam Theewaterskloof kadi ko galle ñalɗi jimɗi Synergy Live ɗi hitaande kala mbaɗata, gooto e ñalɗi jimɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo, ɗi keewi waɗeede ko e ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru noowammbar walla ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru desaambar.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Synergy&quot;. Synergy. 2015. Archived from the original on 15 May 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Baraas Theewaterskloof''' ko baraas mo leydi heewi, woni ko e maayo Sonderend sara Villiersdorp, to bannge hirnaange Kap, to Afrik worgo. To bannge njuɓɓudi ko e nder wuro Theewaterskloof. Nde sosaa ko e hitaande 1978, ko nde baraas ɓurɗo mawnude e nder Siistem ndiyam Kap Hirnaange, nde mbaawka mum tolnii e 480 miliyoŋ meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo, ko ina wona 41% e mbaawka mooftude ndiyam e nder wuro Kap, tawi ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji 4 neɗɗo.&lt;ref&gt;List of South African Dams from the Department of Water Affairs&lt;/ref&gt; Baraas oo ɓuri huutoreede ko e kuutoragol kominaaji e gollorɗe kam e kuutoragol ndiyam. Pottital haɗeede baraas oo ina limtaa to bannge toowɗo (3).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;&quot;List of Registered Dams&quot;. Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation. November 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sifaa dam ==
[[File:Theewaterskloof Dam water extraction point.jpg|thumb]]
Koɗol leydi ngol dam Theewaterskloof ina waɗi 646 meeter (2 119 ft) njuuteendi e 35 meeter (115 ft) toowgol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tower naatoowo e jolngo rewrude e mahol ina addana ndiyam yaltude e maayo Sonderend. Ko ɓuuɓri ndii ina waawi jogaade ilam ɓurɗam heewde 394 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo e leƴƴannde kala (13 900 cu ft/s).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Tower ƴettugol ndiyam Charmaine ina ƴetta ndiyam e nder weendu nduu, ina naata e nder ŋoral Franschhoek, ngal nawta ɗum les koɗli Franschhoek e nder ŋoral maayo Berg, haa joofna e nder ŋoral ndiyam Cape Town. E nder ndunngu, tunnel ngel ina waawi golloraade no feewi, ina nawta ndiyam keewɗam ummoraade e maayo Berg haa e Theewaterskloof.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;van Vuuren, Lani (May 2011). &quot;Blood, sweat and tears at Riviersonderend&quot; (PDF). The Water Wheel. 10 (3). Water Research Commission: 22–25. Retrieved 12 August 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Tower ƴettugol ɓeydaare ina rokka ndiyam e njuɓɓudi ndiyam Vyeboom ngam ndiyam e nokkuuji saraaji baraas oo.

== Keeri ndiyam ==
[[File:Theewaterskloof Dam 2018 02 10 (28425520089).jpg|thumb|right|Theewaterskloof at approximately 12% capacity on 10 February 2018]]
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 njiyri ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii tolnooji caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ndiyam ko wuro Kap Town fawi ɗum e hitaande 2016 ngam heɓde 600 miliyoŋ liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&quot;Residential water restrictions explained&quot;. www.capetown.gov.za. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; tawi hoɗɓe heen ɓee ina njogii 100 liiteer ndiyam ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde otooji, ndiyam gese e ɓeydude ndiyam municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe yontere 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitiiɗe ɗee ko ɓuri heewde ko ɗe mbaawaa yettaade. Henndu e lewru suwee 2017 addii toɓooli mawɗi, ɓeydi tolno haa 15%, kono toɓooli keewɗi e hitaande 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare damaaji ɗon holla nafuuda reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&quot;Western Cape dam levels up only 1.5% after storms&quot;. www.enca.com. Retrieved 2017-06-13.&lt;/ref&gt; Keeri ndiyam e nder wuro Kap ɓeydaama gila e tolno 4 haa e tolno 4b ñalnde 1 sulyee 2017, tawi ko 87 liiteer ndiyam e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma. Toɓooji e hitaande 2017 ina keddii no feewi les tolno, e fuɗɗoode hitaande 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi toɓɓere leslesre, ɗum addani ndiyam ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e neɗɗo gooto e ñalawma gooto, e peeje ngam waawde waɗde &quot;Day Zero&quot; e lewru abriil 2018 nde Cape Town's municipal supply off to6.

Sabu toɓooli moƴƴi e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, ndiyam Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e lewru oktoobar 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Toɓooli lesɗi gila 2015 mbayli ndiyam Theewaterskloof ina ustoo haa yettii caggal caɗtuɗi. Kuutoragol ko caggal wuro Kap Town fawii caggal 2016 ngam heɓde60 miliyoŋ liiteer caggal ñalawma kala,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; tawi hoɗ heenɓe keɓii 100 liiteer caggal ñalawma kala e haɗde lootde caggal otooji, gese e caggal municipaal e nder ɓulli.

E darorɗe ƴetteteeɗe 2017, Theewaterskloof ustii haa yettii 12,9%, tawi 10% cakkitɗi keɓal ko ɓe keɓata. Henndu e nder suwee 2017 addiii toɓooli mawɗi, caggal mum haa 15%, kono toɓolii 2017 ina keddii ina pamɗi no feewi. Footage media dow ustaare bonnaama ina holla haa nde reenugo ndiyam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Keeri ndiyam nder wuro Kapeedeama gila e caggal 4 haa e caggal 4b1 sulyee 2017, ta ko 87 liiteer caggal e caggal eñalawma. Toɓooji e 2017 ina keddii alaa ko waawi heen, e toɓo 2018 baraas oo ina ɓadii kadi to kure leslesre, addani addani ɗam ustaade tan ko 50 liiteer e waɗi e ñalawmaa, e heɓde ngam heɓdecipal &quot;Day Zero&quot; e abriil to off 2018 nde Cape Town's mu suppni&lt;ref&gt;Watts, Jonathan (2018-02-03). &quot;Cape Town faces Day Zero: what happens when the city turns off the taps?&quot;. The Guardian. Retrieved 2021-03-29.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sabu toɓooli e ndunngu 2019 e 2020, Theewaterskloof yettiima 100% e ndiyam oktoobar 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Bhengu, Lwandile (4 October 2020). &quot;Western Cape's largest dam overflows for the first time in six years&quot;. Sowetan. Retrieved 26 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Toɓo e mbaawka ==
Baraas Theewaterskloof ina jogii 480 406 megaliter (16 965,4×106 cu ft) ndiyam, so tawii ko heewi, ko ina tolnoo e 5 059 ektaar (12 500 ektaar).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Nokku ɗo ndiyam ɗam woni ɗoo, ko 500 kiloomeeteer kaaree (190 miil kaaree) ina huutoree e maayooji ummortooɗi e koɗli Hottentots Holland. Oo nokku ina jogii balɗe 69 e toɓooli e hitaande kala.&lt;ref&gt;institutt, NRK og Meteorologisk. &quot;Weather statistics for Theewaterskloofdam&quot;. yr.no. Archived from the original on 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2017-07-10.&lt;/ref&gt; Daartol&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Rainfall History&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; binndanɗe kollitii wonde eɗen ngondi e yonta yooro&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Western Cape rainfall&quot;. Archived from the original on 2018-01-15. Retrieved 2017-07-30.&lt;/ref&gt; 1mm toɓo e kala meeteer kaaree ina fota e 500 000 000 liiteer ina fadi e ndeeɗoo nokku. Ndeen noon ina ɗaɓɓi meeteer toɓo timmuɗo e 100% ngam hebbinde baraas oo gila e weeyo ngo alaa ko woni e mum, ɗum noon ina gasa tawa waɗataa e hitaande wootere. Ina ɗaɓɓi balɗe seeɗa haa ndiyam ɗam fof yettoo baraas oo. Ɓooygol e no leydi ndii heewiri ina addana ndiyam ɗam yettaade baraas oo. Hakindo hakkunde 9 % e 15 % ina huutoree ngam ustude nafooje ze e vursugol leydi. Baraas ɓurɗo luggiɗde ina famɗi ɓuuɓol sabu ŋakkeende nokku e dow kala volume.

== Kewuuji renndo ==
Dam Theewaterskloof kadi ko galle ñalɗi jimɗi Synergy Live ɗi hitaande kala mbaɗata, gooto e ñalɗi jimɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik worgo, ɗi keewi waɗeede ko e ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru noowammbar walla ñalɗi cakkitiiɗi e lewru desaambar.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Synergy&quot;. Synergy. 2015. Archived from the original on 15 May 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Maayo Alet</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Maayo !Khukaǁgamma''' walla Sundays (e Afriknaaɓe: Sondagsrivier) ko maayo e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange Kap to Afrik worgo. Ine wiyee ko kañum ɓuri yaawde ilnude e maayo leydi ndii fof. Leñol Inqua Khoi, ngol taariindi mum woni fedde ɓurnde alɗude e Afrik worgo, inniri ngol maayo ko !Khukaǁgamma, ‘ndiyam ɗam ruuhu keewceeral’ sabu daande maayo ngoo ina heewi leɗɗe e huɗo hay so tawii ko nokku joorɗo mo ngo rewata.  Hannde oo maayo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji nj...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1557" sha1="83x1ynmtdty8asn1v0kxvfp8w4aclog" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo !Khukaǁgamma''' walla Sundays (e Afriknaaɓe: Sondagsrivier) ko maayo e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange Kap to Afrik worgo. Ine wiyee ko kañum ɓuri yaawde ilnude e maayo leydi ndii fof. Leñol Inqua Khoi, ngol taariindi mum woni fedde ɓurnde alɗude e Afrik worgo, inniri ngol maayo ko !Khukaǁgamma, ‘ndiyam ɗam ruuhu keewceeral’ sabu daande maayo ngoo ina heewi leɗɗe e huɗo hay so tawii ko nokku joorɗo mo ngo rewata.

Hannde oo maayo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikamma.

== Yahde ==
Iwdi maayo Sundays ngo njuuteendi mum tolnii e 250 kiloomeeteer (160 miil) woni ko e maayo Sneeuberge (tufnde ɓurnde toowde e nder diiwaan Kap ɓooyɗo) sara Nieu-Bethesda. Ndeen maayo ngoo ina ilna e bannge Fuɗnaange/Fuɗnaange-rewo, ina rewi wuro Graaff-Reinet e nder Karoo hade mum wirnude laawol mum e nder koye Zuurberg, caggal ɗuum rewi Kirkwood e Addo e nder falnde maayo Sundays ɓuuɓngo.[1] Nde ummotoo ko e maayo Indiya to Algoa Bay caggal nde nde rewi e wuro Colchester, 40 km fuɗnaange wuro Gqeberha.[2]

== Baraasuuji ==

* Dam Darlington e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Addo
* Baraas Nqweba e nder nokkuure ngenndiire Camdeboo to Graaff-Reinet

== Sifaa Kanal Maayo Liɗɗi-Alet ==
Sifaa Kanal maayo Liɗɗi-Maayo Alet ina waɗi njuɓɓudi kanaal e tunnel ina rokka ndiyam gila e maayo Orange haa e falnde maayo liɗɗi mawngo, caggal ɗuum haa e falnde maayo Sundays ngam ɓeydude ndiyam gonɗam e Kap fuɗnaange. Gila hitaande 1992 ndiyam ummortooɗam e falnde maayo Sundays ina rokka Gqeberha.[3]

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'''Maayo !Khukaǁgamma''' walla Sundays (e Afriknaaɓe: Sondagsrivier) ko maayo e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange Kap to Afrik worgo. Ine wiyee ko kañum ɓuri yaawde ilnude e maayo leydi ndii fof. Leñol Inqua Khoi, ngol taariindi mum woni fedde ɓurnde alɗude e Afrik worgo, inniri ngol maayo ko !Khukaǁgamma, ‘ndiyam ɗam ruuhu keewceeral’ sabu daande maayo ngoo ina heewi leɗɗe e huɗo hay so tawii ko nokku joorɗo mo ngo rewata.

Hannde oo maayo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikamma.

== Yahde ==
Iwdi maayo Sundays ngo njuuteendi mum tolnii e 250 kiloomeeteer (160 miil) woni ko e maayo Sneeuberge (tufnde ɓurnde toowde e nder diiwaan Kap ɓooyɗo) sara Nieu-Bethesda. Ndeen maayo ngoo ina ilna e bannge Fuɗnaange/Fuɗnaange-rewo, ina rewi wuro Graaff-Reinet e nder Karoo hade mum wirnude laawol mum e nder koye Zuurberg, caggal ɗuum rewi Kirkwood e Addo e nder falnde maayo Sundays ɓuuɓngo.[1] Nde ummotoo ko e maayo Indiya to Algoa Bay caggal nde nde rewi e wuro Colchester, 40 km fuɗnaange wuro Gqeberha.[2]

== Baraasuuji ==

* Dam Darlington e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Addo
* Baraas Nqweba e nder nokkuure ngenndiire Camdeboo to Graaff-Reinet

== Sifaa Kanal Maayo Liɗɗi-Alet ==
Sifaa Kanal maayo Liɗɗi-Maayo Alet ina waɗi njuɓɓudi kanaal e tunnel ina rokka ndiyam gila e maayo Orange haa e falnde maayo liɗɗi mawngo, caggal ɗuum haa e falnde maayo Sundays ngam ɓeydude ndiyam gonɗam e Kap fuɗnaange. Gila hitaande 1992 ndiyam ummortooɗam e falnde maayo Sundays ina rokka Gqeberha.[3]

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'''Maayo !Khukaǁgamma''' walla Sundays (e Afriknaaɓe: Sondagsrivier) ko maayo e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange Kap to Afrik worgo. Ine wiyee ko kañum ɓuri yaawde ilnude e maayo leydi ndii fof. Leñol Inqua Khoi, ngol taariindi mum woni fedde ɓurnde alɗude e Afrik worgo, inniri ngol maayo ko !Khukaǁgamma, ‘ndiyam ɗam ruuhu keewceeral’ sabu daande maayo ngoo ina heewi leɗɗe e huɗo hay so tawii ko nokku joorɗo mo ngo rewata.

Hannde oo maayo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikamma.

== Yahde ==
Iwdi maayo Sundays ngo njuuteendi mum tolnii e 250 kiloomeeteer (160 miil) woni ko e maayo Sneeuberge (tufnde ɓurnde toowde e nder diiwaan Kap ɓooyɗo) sara Nieu-Bethesda. Ndeen maayo ngoo ina ilna e bannge Fuɗnaange/Fuɗnaange-rewo, ina rewi wuro Graaff-Reinet e nder Karoo hade mum wirnude laawol mum e nder koye Zuurberg, caggal ɗuum rewi Kirkwood e Addo e nder falnde maayo Sundays ɓuuɓngo.&lt;ref&gt;Fish to Tsitsikamma WMA 15&lt;/ref&gt; Nde ummotoo ko e maayo Indiya to Algoa Bay caggal nde nde rewi e wuro Colchester, 40 km fuɗnaange wuro Gqeberha.[2]

== Baraasuuji ==

* Dam Darlington e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Addo
* Baraas Nqweba e nder nokkuure ngenndiire Camdeboo to Graaff-Reinet

== Sifaa Kanal Maayo Liɗɗi-Alet ==
Sifaa Kanal maayo Liɗɗi-Maayo Alet ina waɗi njuɓɓudi kanaal e tunnel ina rokka ndiyam gila e maayo Orange haa e falnde maayo liɗɗi mawngo, caggal ɗuum haa e falnde maayo Sundays ngam ɓeydude ndiyam gonɗam e Kap fuɗnaange. Gila hitaande 1992 ndiyam ummortooɗam e falnde maayo Sundays ina rokka Gqeberha.[3]

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'''Maayo !Khukaǁgamma''' walla Sundays (e Afriknaaɓe: Sondagsrivier) ko maayo e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange Kap to Afrik worgo. Ine wiyee ko kañum ɓuri yaawde ilnude e maayo leydi ndii fof. Leñol Inqua Khoi, ngol taariindi mum woni fedde ɓurnde alɗude e Afrik worgo, inniri ngol maayo ko !Khukaǁgamma, ‘ndiyam ɗam ruuhu keewceeral’ sabu daande maayo ngoo ina heewi leɗɗe e huɗo hay so tawii ko nokku joorɗo mo ngo rewata.

Hannde oo maayo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikamma.

== Yahde ==
Iwdi maayo Sundays ngo njuuteendi mum tolnii e 250 kiloomeeteer (160 miil) woni ko e maayo Sneeuberge (tufnde ɓurnde toowde e nder diiwaan Kap ɓooyɗo) sara Nieu-Bethesda. Ndeen maayo ngoo ina ilna e bannge Fuɗnaange/Fuɗnaange-rewo, ina rewi wuro Graaff-Reinet e nder Karoo hade mum wirnude laawol mum e nder koye Zuurberg, caggal ɗuum rewi Kirkwood e Addo e nder falnde maayo Sundays ɓuuɓngo.&lt;ref&gt;Fish to Tsitsikamma WMA 15&lt;/ref&gt; Nde ummotoo ko e maayo Indiya to Algoa Bay caggal nde nde rewi e wuro Colchester, 40 km fuɗnaange wuro Gqeberha.&lt;ref&gt;Sondagsrivier, Eastern Cape, South Africa&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraasuuji ==

* Dam Darlington e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Addo
* Baraas Nqweba e nder nokkuure ngenndiire Camdeboo to Graaff-Reinet

== Sifaa Kanal Maayo Liɗɗi-Alet ==
Sifaa Kanal maayo Liɗɗi-Maayo Alet ina waɗi njuɓɓudi kanaal e tunnel ina rokka ndiyam gila e maayo Orange haa e falnde maayo liɗɗi mawngo, caggal ɗuum haa e falnde maayo Sundays ngam ɓeydude ndiyam gonɗam e Kap fuɗnaange. Gila hitaande 1992 ndiyam ummortooɗam e falnde maayo Sundays ina rokka Gqeberha.[3]

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'''Maayo !Khukaǁgamma''' walla Sundays (e Afriknaaɓe: Sondagsrivier) ko maayo e nder diiwaan Fuɗnaange Kap to Afrik worgo. Ine wiyee ko kañum ɓuri yaawde ilnude e maayo leydi ndii fof. Leñol Inqua Khoi, ngol taariindi mum woni fedde ɓurnde alɗude e Afrik worgo, inniri ngol maayo ko !Khukaǁgamma, ‘ndiyam ɗam ruuhu keewceeral’ sabu daande maayo ngoo ina heewi leɗɗe e huɗo hay so tawii ko nokku joorɗo mo ngo rewata.

Hannde oo maayo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikamma.

== Yahde ==
Iwdi maayo Sundays ngo njuuteendi mum tolnii e 250 kiloomeeteer (160 miil) woni ko e maayo Sneeuberge (tufnde ɓurnde toowde e nder diiwaan Kap ɓooyɗo) sara Nieu-Bethesda. Ndeen maayo ngoo ina ilna e bannge Fuɗnaange/Fuɗnaange-rewo, ina rewi wuro Graaff-Reinet e nder Karoo hade mum wirnude laawol mum e nder koye Zuurberg, caggal ɗuum rewi Kirkwood e Addo e nder falnde maayo Sundays ɓuuɓngo.&lt;ref&gt;Fish to Tsitsikamma WMA 15&lt;/ref&gt; Nde ummotoo ko e maayo Indiya to Algoa Bay caggal nde nde rewi e wuro Colchester, 40 km fuɗnaange wuro Gqeberha.&lt;ref&gt;Sondagsrivier, Eastern Cape, South Africa&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraasuuji ==

* Dam Darlington e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Addo
* Baraas Nqweba e nder nokkuure ngenndiire Camdeboo to Graaff-Reinet

== Sifaa Kanal Maayo Liɗɗi-Alet ==
Sifaa Kanal maayo Liɗɗi-Maayo Alet ina waɗi njuɓɓudi kanaal e tunnel ina rokka ndiyam gila e maayo Orange haa e falnde maayo liɗɗi mawngo, caggal ɗuum haa e falnde maayo Sundays ngam ɓeydude ndiyam gonɗam e Kap fuɗnaange. Gila hitaande 1992 ndiyam ummortooɗam e falnde maayo Sundays ina rokka Gqeberha.&lt;ref&gt;Department of Water - Fish-Sundays&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Maayo Gamtoos</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Maayo Gamtoos''' walla Maayo Gamptoos ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kap Fuɗnaange, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e kawral maayo Kouga e maayo Groot, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 645 kiloomeeteer (401 mi) njuuteendi[citation needed] e nokku ɗo nde ɓuuɓnata ko 34 635 kiloomeeteer kaaree (13 373 mi kaaree).[1]  == Yahde == Ko maayooji Groot, Kouga e Baviaanskloof peeñi e mbaydi maayo Gamtoos. Ko sakkitii koo ko ɓuuɓri Kouga.[2]  Hay so tawii toɓooli e nder nokkuuji vurɗi fam...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2415" sha1="l6vpcfmyyksc4a42viw9j02dlj5gdek" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Gamtoos''' walla Maayo Gamptoos ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kap Fuɗnaange, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e kawral maayo Kouga e maayo Groot, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 645 kiloomeeteer (401 mi) njuuteendi[citation needed] e nokku ɗo nde ɓuuɓnata ko 34 635 kiloomeeteer kaaree (13 373 mi kaaree).[1]

== Yahde ==
Ko maayooji Groot, Kouga e Baviaanskloof peeñi e mbaydi maayo Gamtoos. Ko sakkitii koo ko ɓuuɓri Kouga.[2]

Hay so tawii toɓooli e nder nokkuuji vurɗi famzude ɗii ina pamɗi, ina mballita e ndema njulaagu njulaagu e nder nokkuuji vurɗi famɗude ɗii, ina ndema oraas, tuuba, ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e leɗɗe. Fuɗnaange ɗo maayo Gamtoos naatirta e maayo Indiya woni hakkunde Jeffreys Bay e Port Elizabeth ɗo nokku keeriiɗo mo maayo Gamtoos woni ɗoo. Wurooji Hankey, wuro ɓurngo ɓooyde tawaango e nder falnde maayo Gamtoos, e Patensie ina tawee e nokkuuji lesɗi. Ko ɓuri yaawde e nder leydi ndii ko gure Steytlerviil, Jubertina, Yuniyondal, Wilomor e Murraysburg.

Ko wayi no maayo Loerie, maayo Klein, maayo Hol, ko jiidaa e Groot e Kouga baɗooji Gamtoos.

== Tariya ==
Saartjie Baartman - &quot;Wenus Hottentot&quot; - jibinaa ko hedde hitaande 1789 saraaji maayo Gamtoos.

E hitaande 1877 e nder yooro mawngo e nder diiwaan hee, maayo Gamtoos yoori haa laaɓi.[3] E nder ilam lewru oktoobar 1867, e wiyde John Croumbie Brown, tolno ndiyam e won e nokkuuji maayo ngoo ɓeydiima fotde 21 m (70 ft).[4]

Pontooji ɗiɗi ina taƴa Gamtoos ɓadiiɗo hunduko mum e nder Kouga. Pont gadano oo, mo 180 meeter (600 ft) e dow laawol R102, udditaa ko e hitaande 1895 ngam lomtaade laana ndiwoowa ka huutortenoo haa oon sahaa.[5] Pont beton jamaanu mahaa ko e mahngo N2 e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1970.

== Baraaji e nder maayo ==

* Hannde oo maayo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.
* Baraas Kouga to Maayo Kouga

== Ekoloji ==
E hitaande 1995, ƴiye galaksiiji Kap (Galaxias zebratus), liɗɗi Afrik worgo, gonɗi e nder diiwaan Kap Floristic, tawaama e maayo Krom, caggal ɗuum kadi tawaama e nder njuɓɓudi maayo Gamtoos. Haa e oon sahaa ina sikkaa wonde peccitagol maggol ina fawii e nokkuuji hakkunde Keurbooms e maayo Olifants.[6] Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina limtee tan ko ina ɓadii hulɓinaade, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en e leƴƴi liɗɗi goɗɗi naatnaaɗi ɗii ngaddata ɗum en majjude.[7]

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'''Maayo Gamtoos''' walla Maayo Gamptoos ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kap Fuɗnaange, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e kawral maayo Kouga e maayo Groot, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 645 kiloomeeteer (401 mi) njuuteendi[citation needed] e nokku ɗo nde ɓuuɓnata ko 34 635 kiloomeeteer kaaree (13 373 mi kaaree).[1]

== Yahde ==
Ko maayooji Groot, Kouga e Baviaanskloof peeñi e mbaydi maayo Gamtoos. Ko sakkitii koo ko ɓuuɓri Kouga.[2]

Hay so tawii toɓooli e nder nokkuuji vurɗi famzude ɗii ina pamɗi, ina mballita e ndema njulaagu njulaagu e nder nokkuuji vurɗi famɗude ɗii, ina ndema oraas, tuuba, ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e leɗɗe. Fuɗnaange ɗo maayo Gamtoos naatirta e maayo Indiya woni hakkunde Jeffreys Bay e Port Elizabeth ɗo nokku keeriiɗo mo maayo Gamtoos woni ɗoo. Wurooji Hankey, wuro ɓurngo ɓooyde tawaango e nder falnde maayo Gamtoos, e Patensie ina tawee e nokkuuji lesɗi. Ko ɓuri yaawde e nder leydi ndii ko gure Steytlerviil, Jubertina, Yuniyondal, Wilomor e Murraysburg.

Ko wayi no maayo Loerie, maayo Klein, maayo Hol, ko jiidaa e Groot e Kouga baɗooji Gamtoos.

== Tariya ==
Saartjie Baartman - &quot;Wenus Hottentot&quot; - jibinaa ko hedde hitaande 1789 saraaji maayo Gamtoos.

E hitaande 1877 e nder yooro mawngo e nder diiwaan hee, maayo Gamtoos yoori haa laaɓi.[3] E nder ilam lewru oktoobar 1867, e wiyde John Croumbie Brown, tolno ndiyam e won e nokkuuji maayo ngoo ɓeydiima fotde 21 m (70 ft).[4]

Pontooji ɗiɗi ina taƴa Gamtoos ɓadiiɗo hunduko mum e nder Kouga. Pont gadano oo, mo 180 meeter (600 ft) e dow laawol R102, udditaa ko e hitaande 1895 ngam lomtaade laana ndiwoowa ka huutortenoo haa oon sahaa.[5] Pont beton jamaanu mahaa ko e mahngo N2 e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1970.

== Baraaji e nder maayo ==

* Hannde oo maayo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.
* Baraas Kouga to Maayo Kouga

== Ekoloji ==
E hitaande 1995, ƴiye galaksiiji Kap (Galaxias zebratus), liɗɗi Afrik worgo, gonɗi e nder diiwaan Kap Floristic, tawaama e maayo Krom, caggal ɗuum kadi tawaama e nder njuɓɓudi maayo Gamtoos. Haa e oon sahaa ina sikkaa wonde peccitagol maggol ina fawii e nokkuuji hakkunde Keurbooms e maayo Olifants.[6] Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina limtee tan ko ina ɓadii hulɓinaade, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en e leƴƴi liɗɗi goɗɗi naatnaaɗi ɗii ngaddata ɗum en majjude.[7]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Gamtoos''' walla Maayo Gamptoos ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kap Fuɗnaange, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e kawral maayo Kouga e maayo Groot, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 645 kiloomeeteer (401 mi) njuuteendi[citation needed] e nokku ɗo nde ɓuuɓnata ko 34 635 kiloomeeteer kaaree (13 373 mi kaaree).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fish to Tsitsikamma WMA 15&quot;. Archived from the original on 2017-06-30. Retrieved 2012-03-28.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Ko maayooji Groot, Kouga e Baviaanskloof peeñi e mbaydi maayo Gamtoos. Ko sakkitii koo ko ɓuuɓri Kouga.[2]

Hay so tawii toɓooli e nder nokkuuji vurɗi famzude ɗii ina pamɗi, ina mballita e ndema njulaagu njulaagu e nder nokkuuji vurɗi famɗude ɗii, ina ndema oraas, tuuba, ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e leɗɗe. Fuɗnaange ɗo maayo Gamtoos naatirta e maayo Indiya woni hakkunde Jeffreys Bay e Port Elizabeth ɗo nokku keeriiɗo mo maayo Gamtoos woni ɗoo. Wurooji Hankey, wuro ɓurngo ɓooyde tawaango e nder falnde maayo Gamtoos, e Patensie ina tawee e nokkuuji lesɗi. Ko ɓuri yaawde e nder leydi ndii ko gure Steytlerviil, Jubertina, Yuniyondal, Wilomor e Murraysburg.

Ko wayi no maayo Loerie, maayo Klein, maayo Hol, ko jiidaa e Groot e Kouga baɗooji Gamtoos.

== Tariya ==
Saartjie Baartman - &quot;Wenus Hottentot&quot; - jibinaa ko hedde hitaande 1789 saraaji maayo Gamtoos.

E hitaande 1877 e nder yooro mawngo e nder diiwaan hee, maayo Gamtoos yoori haa laaɓi.[3] E nder ilam lewru oktoobar 1867, e wiyde John Croumbie Brown, tolno ndiyam e won e nokkuuji maayo ngoo ɓeydiima fotde 21 m (70 ft).[4]

Pontooji ɗiɗi ina taƴa Gamtoos ɓadiiɗo hunduko mum e nder Kouga. Pont gadano oo, mo 180 meeter (600 ft) e dow laawol R102, udditaa ko e hitaande 1895 ngam lomtaade laana ndiwoowa ka huutortenoo haa oon sahaa.[5] Pont beton jamaanu mahaa ko e mahngo N2 e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1970.

== Baraaji e nder maayo ==

* Hannde oo maayo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.
* Baraas Kouga to Maayo Kouga

== Ekoloji ==
E hitaande 1995, ƴiye galaksiiji Kap (Galaxias zebratus), liɗɗi Afrik worgo, gonɗi e nder diiwaan Kap Floristic, tawaama e maayo Krom, caggal ɗuum kadi tawaama e nder njuɓɓudi maayo Gamtoos. Haa e oon sahaa ina sikkaa wonde peccitagol maggol ina fawii e nokkuuji hakkunde Keurbooms e maayo Olifants.[6] Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina limtee tan ko ina ɓadii hulɓinaade, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en e leƴƴi liɗɗi goɗɗi naatnaaɗi ɗii ngaddata ɗum en majjude.[7]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Gamtoos''' walla Maayo Gamptoos ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kap Fuɗnaange, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e kawral maayo Kouga e maayo Groot, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 645 kiloomeeteer (401 mi) njuuteendi[citation needed] e nokku ɗo nde ɓuuɓnata ko 34 635 kiloomeeteer kaaree (13 373 mi kaaree).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fish to Tsitsikamma WMA 15&quot;. Archived from the original on 2017-06-30. Retrieved 2012-03-28.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Ko maayooji Groot, Kouga e Baviaanskloof peeñi e mbaydi maayo Gamtoos. Ko sakkitii koo ko ɓuuɓri Kouga.&lt;ref&gt;Catchment L, the Gamtoos River System Archived 2014-12-22 at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt;

Hay so tawii toɓooli e nder nokkuuji vurɗi famzude ɗii ina pamɗi, ina mballita e ndema njulaagu njulaagu e nder nokkuuji vurɗi famɗude ɗii, ina ndema oraas, tuuba, ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e leɗɗe. Fuɗnaange ɗo maayo Gamtoos naatirta e maayo Indiya woni hakkunde Jeffreys Bay e Port Elizabeth ɗo nokku keeriiɗo mo maayo Gamtoos woni ɗoo. Wurooji Hankey, wuro ɓurngo ɓooyde tawaango e nder falnde maayo Gamtoos, e Patensie ina tawee e nokkuuji lesɗi. Ko ɓuri yaawde e nder leydi ndii ko gure Steytlerviil, Jubertina, Yuniyondal, Wilomor e Murraysburg.

Ko wayi no maayo Loerie, maayo Klein, maayo Hol, ko jiidaa e Groot e Kouga baɗooji Gamtoos.

== Tariya ==
Saartjie Baartman - &quot;Wenus Hottentot&quot; - jibinaa ko hedde hitaande 1789 saraaji maayo Gamtoos.

E hitaande 1877 e nder yooro mawngo e nder diiwaan hee, maayo Gamtoos yoori haa laaɓi.[3] E nder ilam lewru oktoobar 1867, e wiyde John Croumbie Brown, tolno ndiyam e won e nokkuuji maayo ngoo ɓeydiima fotde 21 m (70 ft).[4]

Pontooji ɗiɗi ina taƴa Gamtoos ɓadiiɗo hunduko mum e nder Kouga. Pont gadano oo, mo 180 meeter (600 ft) e dow laawol R102, udditaa ko e hitaande 1895 ngam lomtaade laana ndiwoowa ka huutortenoo haa oon sahaa.[5] Pont beton jamaanu mahaa ko e mahngo N2 e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1970.

== Baraaji e nder maayo ==

* Hannde oo maayo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.
* Baraas Kouga to Maayo Kouga

== Ekoloji ==
E hitaande 1995, ƴiye galaksiiji Kap (Galaxias zebratus), liɗɗi Afrik worgo, gonɗi e nder diiwaan Kap Floristic, tawaama e maayo Krom, caggal ɗuum kadi tawaama e nder njuɓɓudi maayo Gamtoos. Haa e oon sahaa ina sikkaa wonde peccitagol maggol ina fawii e nokkuuji hakkunde Keurbooms e maayo Olifants.[6] Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina limtee tan ko ina ɓadii hulɓinaade, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en e leƴƴi liɗɗi goɗɗi naatnaaɗi ɗii ngaddata ɗum en majjude.[7]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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    <revision>
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'''Maayo Gamtoos''' walla Maayo Gamptoos ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kap Fuɗnaange, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e kawral maayo Kouga e maayo Groot, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 645 kiloomeeteer (401 mi) njuuteendi[citation needed] e nokku ɗo nde ɓuuɓnata ko 34 635 kiloomeeteer kaaree (13 373 mi kaaree).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fish to Tsitsikamma WMA 15&quot;. Archived from the original on 2017-06-30. Retrieved 2012-03-28.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Ko maayooji Groot, Kouga e Baviaanskloof peeñi e mbaydi maayo Gamtoos. Ko sakkitii koo ko ɓuuɓri Kouga.&lt;ref&gt;Catchment L, the Gamtoos River System Archived 2014-12-22 at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt;

Hay so tawii toɓooli e nder nokkuuji vurɗi famzude ɗii ina pamɗi, ina mballita e ndema njulaagu njulaagu e nder nokkuuji vurɗi famɗude ɗii, ina ndema oraas, tuuba, ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e leɗɗe. Fuɗnaange ɗo maayo Gamtoos naatirta e maayo Indiya woni hakkunde Jeffreys Bay e Port Elizabeth ɗo nokku keeriiɗo mo maayo Gamtoos woni ɗoo. Wurooji Hankey, wuro ɓurngo ɓooyde tawaango e nder falnde maayo Gamtoos, e Patensie ina tawee e nokkuuji lesɗi. Ko ɓuri yaawde e nder leydi ndii ko gure Steytlerviil, Jubertina, Yuniyondal, Wilomor e Murraysburg.

Ko wayi no maayo Loerie, maayo Klein, maayo Hol, ko jiidaa e Groot e Kouga baɗooji Gamtoos.

== Tariya ==
Saartjie Baartman - &quot;Wenus Hottentot&quot; - jibinaa ko hedde hitaande 1789 saraaji maayo Gamtoos.

E hitaande 1877 e nder yooro mawngo e nder diiwaan hee, maayo Gamtoos yoori haa laaɓi.&lt;ref&gt;Sellick, W.S.J. (1904). Uitenhage, past and present : souvenir of the Centenary, 1804-1904. p. 125.&lt;/ref&gt; E nder ilam lewru oktoobar 1867, e wiyde John Croumbie Brown, tolno ndiyam e won e nokkuuji maayo ngoo ɓeydiima fotde 21 m (70 ft).[4]

Pontooji ɗiɗi ina taƴa Gamtoos ɓadiiɗo hunduko mum e nder Kouga. Pont gadano oo, mo 180 meeter (600 ft) e dow laawol R102, udditaa ko e hitaande 1895 ngam lomtaade laana ndiwoowa ka huutortenoo haa oon sahaa.[5] Pont beton jamaanu mahaa ko e mahngo N2 e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1970.

== Baraaji e nder maayo ==

* Hannde oo maayo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.
* Baraas Kouga to Maayo Kouga

== Ekoloji ==
E hitaande 1995, ƴiye galaksiiji Kap (Galaxias zebratus), liɗɗi Afrik worgo, gonɗi e nder diiwaan Kap Floristic, tawaama e maayo Krom, caggal ɗuum kadi tawaama e nder njuɓɓudi maayo Gamtoos. Haa e oon sahaa ina sikkaa wonde peccitagol maggol ina fawii e nokkuuji hakkunde Keurbooms e maayo Olifants.[6] Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina limtee tan ko ina ɓadii hulɓinaade, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en e leƴƴi liɗɗi goɗɗi naatnaaɗi ɗii ngaddata ɗum en majjude.[7]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Gamtoos''' walla Maayo Gamptoos ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kap Fuɗnaange, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e kawral maayo Kouga e maayo Groot, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 645 kiloomeeteer (401 mi) njuuteendi[citation needed] e nokku ɗo nde ɓuuɓnata ko 34 635 kiloomeeteer kaaree (13 373 mi kaaree).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fish to Tsitsikamma WMA 15&quot;. Archived from the original on 2017-06-30. Retrieved 2012-03-28.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Ko maayooji Groot, Kouga e Baviaanskloof peeñi e mbaydi maayo Gamtoos. Ko sakkitii koo ko ɓuuɓri Kouga.&lt;ref&gt;Catchment L, the Gamtoos River System Archived 2014-12-22 at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt;

Hay so tawii toɓooli e nder nokkuuji vurɗi famzude ɗii ina pamɗi, ina mballita e ndema njulaagu njulaagu e nder nokkuuji vurɗi famɗude ɗii, ina ndema oraas, tuuba, ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e leɗɗe. Fuɗnaange ɗo maayo Gamtoos naatirta e maayo Indiya woni hakkunde Jeffreys Bay e Port Elizabeth ɗo nokku keeriiɗo mo maayo Gamtoos woni ɗoo. Wurooji Hankey, wuro ɓurngo ɓooyde tawaango e nder falnde maayo Gamtoos, e Patensie ina tawee e nokkuuji lesɗi. Ko ɓuri yaawde e nder leydi ndii ko gure Steytlerviil, Jubertina, Yuniyondal, Wilomor e Murraysburg.

Ko wayi no maayo Loerie, maayo Klein, maayo Hol, ko jiidaa e Groot e Kouga baɗooji Gamtoos.

== Tariya ==
Saartjie Baartman - &quot;Wenus Hottentot&quot; - jibinaa ko hedde hitaande 1789 saraaji maayo Gamtoos.

E hitaande 1877 e nder yooro mawngo e nder diiwaan hee, maayo Gamtoos yoori haa laaɓi.&lt;ref&gt;Sellick, W.S.J. (1904). Uitenhage, past and present : souvenir of the Centenary, 1804-1904. p. 125.&lt;/ref&gt; E nder ilam lewru oktoobar 1867, e wiyde John Croumbie Brown, tolno ndiyam e won e nokkuuji maayo ngoo ɓeydiima fotde 21 m (70 ft).&lt;ref&gt;Brown, John Croumbie (1877). &quot;III - Supply of water as affected by rivers&quot;. Water supply of South Africa, and facilities for the storage of it. Edinburgh, Oliver &amp; Boyd. p. 125. Retrieved 2009-11-23.&lt;/ref&gt;

Pontooji ɗiɗi ina taƴa Gamtoos ɓadiiɗo hunduko mum e nder Kouga. Pont gadano oo, mo 180 meeter (600 ft) e dow laawol R102, udditaa ko e hitaande 1895 ngam lomtaade laana ndiwoowa ka huutortenoo haa oon sahaa.[5] Pont beton jamaanu mahaa ko e mahngo N2 e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1970.

== Baraaji e nder maayo ==

* Hannde oo maayo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.
* Baraas Kouga to Maayo Kouga

== Ekoloji ==
E hitaande 1995, ƴiye galaksiiji Kap (Galaxias zebratus), liɗɗi Afrik worgo, gonɗi e nder diiwaan Kap Floristic, tawaama e maayo Krom, caggal ɗuum kadi tawaama e nder njuɓɓudi maayo Gamtoos. Haa e oon sahaa ina sikkaa wonde peccitagol maggol ina fawii e nokkuuji hakkunde Keurbooms e maayo Olifants.[6] Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina limtee tan ko ina ɓadii hulɓinaade, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en e leƴƴi liɗɗi goɗɗi naatnaaɗi ɗii ngaddata ɗum en majjude.[7]

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'''Maayo Gamtoos''' walla Maayo Gamptoos ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kap Fuɗnaange, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e kawral maayo Kouga e maayo Groot, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 645 kiloomeeteer (401 mi) njuuteendi[citation needed] e nokku ɗo nde ɓuuɓnata ko 34 635 kiloomeeteer kaaree (13 373 mi kaaree).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fish to Tsitsikamma WMA 15&quot;. Archived from the original on 2017-06-30. Retrieved 2012-03-28.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Ko maayooji Groot, Kouga e Baviaanskloof peeñi e mbaydi maayo Gamtoos. Ko sakkitii koo ko ɓuuɓri Kouga.&lt;ref&gt;Catchment L, the Gamtoos River System Archived 2014-12-22 at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt;

Hay so tawii toɓooli e nder nokkuuji vurɗi famzude ɗii ina pamɗi, ina mballita e ndema njulaagu njulaagu e nder nokkuuji vurɗi famɗude ɗii, ina ndema oraas, tuuba, ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e leɗɗe. Fuɗnaange ɗo maayo Gamtoos naatirta e maayo Indiya woni hakkunde Jeffreys Bay e Port Elizabeth ɗo nokku keeriiɗo mo maayo Gamtoos woni ɗoo. Wurooji Hankey, wuro ɓurngo ɓooyde tawaango e nder falnde maayo Gamtoos, e Patensie ina tawee e nokkuuji lesɗi. Ko ɓuri yaawde e nder leydi ndii ko gure Steytlerviil, Jubertina, Yuniyondal, Wilomor e Murraysburg.

Ko wayi no maayo Loerie, maayo Klein, maayo Hol, ko jiidaa e Groot e Kouga baɗooji Gamtoos.

== Tariya ==
Saartjie Baartman - &quot;Wenus Hottentot&quot; - jibinaa ko hedde hitaande 1789 saraaji maayo Gamtoos.

E hitaande 1877 e nder yooro mawngo e nder diiwaan hee, maayo Gamtoos yoori haa laaɓi.&lt;ref&gt;Sellick, W.S.J. (1904). Uitenhage, past and present : souvenir of the Centenary, 1804-1904. p. 125.&lt;/ref&gt; E nder ilam lewru oktoobar 1867, e wiyde John Croumbie Brown, tolno ndiyam e won e nokkuuji maayo ngoo ɓeydiima fotde 21 m (70 ft).&lt;ref&gt;Brown, John Croumbie (1877). &quot;III - Supply of water as affected by rivers&quot;. Water supply of South Africa, and facilities for the storage of it. Edinburgh, Oliver &amp; Boyd. p. 125. Retrieved 2009-11-23.&lt;/ref&gt;

Pontooji ɗiɗi ina taƴa Gamtoos ɓadiiɗo hunduko mum e nder Kouga. Pont gadano oo, mo 180 meeter (600 ft) e dow laawol R102, udditaa ko e hitaande 1895 ngam lomtaade laana ndiwoowa ka huutortenoo haa oon sahaa.&lt;ref&gt;Sellick, W.S.J. (1904). Uitenhage, past and present : souvenir of the Centenary, 1804-1904. pp. 186, 187.&lt;/ref&gt; Pont beton jamaanu mahaa ko e mahngo N2 e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1970.

== Baraaji e nder maayo ==

* Hannde oo maayo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.
* Baraas Kouga to Maayo Kouga

== Ekoloji ==
E hitaande 1995, ƴiye galaksiiji Kap (Galaxias zebratus), liɗɗi Afrik worgo, gonɗi e nder diiwaan Kap Floristic, tawaama e maayo Krom, caggal ɗuum kadi tawaama e nder njuɓɓudi maayo Gamtoos. Haa e oon sahaa ina sikkaa wonde peccitagol maggol ina fawii e nokkuuji hakkunde Keurbooms e maayo Olifants.[6] Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina limtee tan ko ina ɓadii hulɓinaade, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en e leƴƴi liɗɗi goɗɗi naatnaaɗi ɗii ngaddata ɗum en majjude.[7]

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'''Maayo Gamtoos''' walla Maayo Gamptoos ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kap Fuɗnaange, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e kawral maayo Kouga e maayo Groot, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 645 kiloomeeteer (401 mi) njuuteendi[citation needed] e nokku ɗo nde ɓuuɓnata ko 34 635 kiloomeeteer kaaree (13 373 mi kaaree).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fish to Tsitsikamma WMA 15&quot;. Archived from the original on 2017-06-30. Retrieved 2012-03-28.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Ko maayooji Groot, Kouga e Baviaanskloof peeñi e mbaydi maayo Gamtoos. Ko sakkitii koo ko ɓuuɓri Kouga.&lt;ref&gt;Catchment L, the Gamtoos River System Archived 2014-12-22 at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt;

Hay so tawii toɓooli e nder nokkuuji vurɗi famzude ɗii ina pamɗi, ina mballita e ndema njulaagu njulaagu e nder nokkuuji vurɗi famɗude ɗii, ina ndema oraas, tuuba, ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e leɗɗe. Fuɗnaange ɗo maayo Gamtoos naatirta e maayo Indiya woni hakkunde Jeffreys Bay e Port Elizabeth ɗo nokku keeriiɗo mo maayo Gamtoos woni ɗoo. Wurooji Hankey, wuro ɓurngo ɓooyde tawaango e nder falnde maayo Gamtoos, e Patensie ina tawee e nokkuuji lesɗi. Ko ɓuri yaawde e nder leydi ndii ko gure Steytlerviil, Jubertina, Yuniyondal, Wilomor e Murraysburg.

Ko wayi no maayo Loerie, maayo Klein, maayo Hol, ko jiidaa e Groot e Kouga baɗooji Gamtoos.

== Tariya ==
Saartjie Baartman - &quot;Wenus Hottentot&quot; - jibinaa ko hedde hitaande 1789 saraaji maayo Gamtoos.

E hitaande 1877 e nder yooro mawngo e nder diiwaan hee, maayo Gamtoos yoori haa laaɓi.&lt;ref&gt;Sellick, W.S.J. (1904). Uitenhage, past and present : souvenir of the Centenary, 1804-1904. p. 125.&lt;/ref&gt; E nder ilam lewru oktoobar 1867, e wiyde John Croumbie Brown, tolno ndiyam e won e nokkuuji maayo ngoo ɓeydiima fotde 21 m (70 ft).&lt;ref&gt;Brown, John Croumbie (1877). &quot;III - Supply of water as affected by rivers&quot;. Water supply of South Africa, and facilities for the storage of it. Edinburgh, Oliver &amp; Boyd. p. 125. Retrieved 2009-11-23.&lt;/ref&gt;

Pontooji ɗiɗi ina taƴa Gamtoos ɓadiiɗo hunduko mum e nder Kouga. Pont gadano oo, mo 180 meeter (600 ft) e dow laawol R102, udditaa ko e hitaande 1895 ngam lomtaade laana ndiwoowa ka huutortenoo haa oon sahaa.&lt;ref&gt;Sellick, W.S.J. (1904). Uitenhage, past and present : souvenir of the Centenary, 1804-1904. pp. 186, 187.&lt;/ref&gt; Pont beton jamaanu mahaa ko e mahngo N2 e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1970.

== Baraaji e nder maayo ==
Hannde oo maayo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.
* Baraas Kouga to Maayo Kouga

== Ekoloji ==
E hitaande 1995, ƴiye galaksiiji Kap (Galaxias zebratus), liɗɗi Afrik worgo, gonɗi e nder diiwaan Kap Floristic, tawaama e maayo Krom, caggal ɗuum kadi tawaama e nder njuɓɓudi maayo Gamtoos. Haa e oon sahaa ina sikkaa wonde peccitagol maggol ina fawii e nokkuuji hakkunde Keurbooms e maayo Olifants.&lt;ref&gt;Freshwater Ichthyology - The Cape galaxias Galaxias zebratus&lt;/ref&gt; Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina limtee tan ko ina ɓadii hulɓinaade, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en e leƴƴi liɗɗi goɗɗi naatnaaɗi ɗii ngaddata ɗum en majjude.[7]

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'''Maayo Gamtoos''' walla Maayo Gamptoos ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kap Fuɗnaange, Afrik worgo. Nde sosaa ko e kawral maayo Kouga e maayo Groot, nde waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 645 kiloomeeteer (401 mi) njuuteendi[citation needed] e nokku ɗo nde ɓuuɓnata ko 34 635 kiloomeeteer kaaree (13 373 mi kaaree).&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fish to Tsitsikamma WMA 15&quot;. Archived from the original on 2017-06-30. Retrieved 2012-03-28.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yahde ==
Ko maayooji Groot, Kouga e Baviaanskloof peeñi e mbaydi maayo Gamtoos. Ko sakkitii koo ko ɓuuɓri Kouga.&lt;ref&gt;Catchment L, the Gamtoos River System Archived 2014-12-22 at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt;

Hay so tawii toɓooli e nder nokkuuji vurɗi famzude ɗii ina pamɗi, ina mballita e ndema njulaagu njulaagu e nder nokkuuji vurɗi famɗude ɗii, ina ndema oraas, tuuba, ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e leɗɗe. Fuɗnaange ɗo maayo Gamtoos naatirta e maayo Indiya woni hakkunde Jeffreys Bay e Port Elizabeth ɗo nokku keeriiɗo mo maayo Gamtoos woni ɗoo. Wurooji Hankey, wuro ɓurngo ɓooyde tawaango e nder falnde maayo Gamtoos, e Patensie ina tawee e nokkuuji lesɗi. Ko ɓuri yaawde e nder leydi ndii ko gure Steytlerviil, Jubertina, Yuniyondal, Wilomor e Murraysburg.

Ko wayi no maayo Loerie, maayo Klein, maayo Hol, ko jiidaa e Groot e Kouga baɗooji Gamtoos.

== Tariya ==
Saartjie Baartman - &quot;Wenus Hottentot&quot; - jibinaa ko hedde hitaande 1789 saraaji maayo Gamtoos.

E hitaande 1877 e nder yooro mawngo e nder diiwaan hee, maayo Gamtoos yoori haa laaɓi.&lt;ref&gt;Sellick, W.S.J. (1904). Uitenhage, past and present : souvenir of the Centenary, 1804-1904. p. 125.&lt;/ref&gt; E nder ilam lewru oktoobar 1867, e wiyde John Croumbie Brown, tolno ndiyam e won e nokkuuji maayo ngoo ɓeydiima fotde 21 m (70 ft).&lt;ref&gt;Brown, John Croumbie (1877). &quot;III - Supply of water as affected by rivers&quot;. Water supply of South Africa, and facilities for the storage of it. Edinburgh, Oliver &amp; Boyd. p. 125. Retrieved 2009-11-23.&lt;/ref&gt;

Pontooji ɗiɗi ina taƴa Gamtoos ɓadiiɗo hunduko mum e nder Kouga. Pont gadano oo, mo 180 meeter (600 ft) e dow laawol R102, udditaa ko e hitaande 1895 ngam lomtaade laana ndiwoowa ka huutortenoo haa oon sahaa.&lt;ref&gt;Sellick, W.S.J. (1904). Uitenhage, past and present : souvenir of the Centenary, 1804-1904. pp. 186, 187.&lt;/ref&gt; Pont beton jamaanu mahaa ko e mahngo N2 e fuɗɗoode kitaale 1970.

== Baraaji e nder maayo ==
Hannde oo maayo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.
* Baraas Kouga to Maayo Kouga

== Ekoloji ==
E hitaande 1995, ƴiye galaksiiji Kap (Galaxias zebratus), liɗɗi Afrik worgo, gonɗi e nder diiwaan Kap Floristic, tawaama e maayo Krom, caggal ɗuum kadi tawaama e nder njuɓɓudi maayo Gamtoos. Haa e oon sahaa ina sikkaa wonde peccitagol maggol ina fawii e nokkuuji hakkunde Keurbooms e maayo Olifants.&lt;ref&gt;Freshwater Ichthyology - The Cape galaxias Galaxias zebratus&lt;/ref&gt; Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina limtee tan ko ina ɓadii hulɓinaade, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en e leƴƴi liɗɗi goɗɗi naatnaaɗi ɗii ngaddata ɗum en majjude.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Biodiversity, Alien trout, and the So what attitude&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Maayo Krom''' walla Maayo Kromme ( Afriknaaɓe : Krommerivier ) ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kap Fuɗnaange to Afrik worgo. Maayo ngoo ina rewi e maayo Indiya rewrude e ŋoral to bannge worgo maayo St Francis, bannge worgo Port Elizabeth. Maayo Krom ina rewa e bannge ESE, njuuteendi mum ko hedde 109 km, tawi ko 1 085 km2.[1]  Baraas Churchill e baraas Impofu ko baraasuuji dow maayo Krom. Ko sakkitii koo woni ko sara Humansdorp. Hannde oo maayo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓu...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1068" sha1="25z4c85mzzjiyn56xfvr08uwnxyj3aq" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Krom''' walla Maayo Kromme ( Afriknaaɓe : Krommerivier ) ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kap Fuɗnaange to Afrik worgo. Maayo ngoo ina rewi e maayo Indiya rewrude e ŋoral to bannge worgo maayo St Francis, bannge worgo Port Elizabeth. Maayo Krom ina rewa e bannge ESE, njuuteendi mum ko hedde 109 km, tawi ko 1 085 km2.[1]

Baraas Churchill e baraas Impofu ko baraasuuji dow maayo Krom. Ko sakkitii koo woni ko sara Humansdorp. Hannde oo maayo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.

== Ekoloji ==
E hitaande 1995, e nder maayo Krom, ko wayi no liɗɗi Afrik worgo, tawi ko e nder diiwaan Kap Floristik. Haa e oon sahaa ina sikkaa wonde peccitagol maggol ina fawii e nokkuuji hakkunde Keurbooms e maayo Olifants.[2] Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina limtee tan ko ina ɓadii hulɓinaade, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en e leƴƴi liɗɗi goɗɗi naatnaaɗi ɗii ngaddata ɗum en majjude.[3] Gila fuɗɗoode hitaande 2021 ina waɗi mborosaaji keewɗi gonɗi e maayo ngo.

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      <text bytes="1173" sha1="kgk8saml9p2m2hk82dayxqxoo20kalc" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Krom''' walla Maayo Kromme ( Afriknaaɓe : Krommerivier ) ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kap Fuɗnaange to Afrik worgo. Maayo ngoo ina rewi e maayo Indiya rewrude e ŋoral to bannge worgo maayo St Francis, bannge worgo Port Elizabeth. Maayo Krom ina rewa e bannge ESE, njuuteendi mum ko hedde 109 km, tawi ko 1 085 km2.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fish to Tsitsikamma WMA 15&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Baraas Churchill e baraas Impofu ko baraasuuji dow maayo Krom. Ko sakkitii koo woni ko sara Humansdorp. Hannde oo maayo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.

== Ekoloji ==
E hitaande 1995, e nder maayo Krom, ko wayi no liɗɗi Afrik worgo, tawi ko e nder diiwaan Kap Floristik. Haa e oon sahaa ina sikkaa wonde peccitagol maggol ina fawii e nokkuuji hakkunde Keurbooms e maayo Olifants.[2] Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina limtee tan ko ina ɓadii hulɓinaade, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en e leƴƴi liɗɗi goɗɗi naatnaaɗi ɗii ngaddata ɗum en majjude.[3] Gila fuɗɗoode hitaande 2021 ina waɗi mborosaaji keewɗi gonɗi e maayo ngo.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="1241" sha1="qdmi10tbgh6q9sgg9psqga7h4xyi4d8" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Krom''' walla Maayo Kromme ( Afriknaaɓe : Krommerivier ) ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kap Fuɗnaange to Afrik worgo. Maayo ngoo ina rewi e maayo Indiya rewrude e ŋoral to bannge worgo maayo St Francis, bannge worgo Port Elizabeth. Maayo Krom ina rewa e bannge ESE, njuuteendi mum ko hedde 109 km, tawi ko 1 085 km2.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fish to Tsitsikamma WMA 15&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Baraas Churchill e baraas Impofu ko baraasuuji dow maayo Krom. Ko sakkitii koo woni ko sara Humansdorp. Hannde oo maayo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.

== Ekoloji ==
E hitaande 1995, e nder maayo Krom, ko wayi no liɗɗi Afrik worgo, tawi ko e nder diiwaan Kap Floristik. Haa e oon sahaa ina sikkaa wonde peccitagol maggol ina fawii e nokkuuji hakkunde Keurbooms e maayo Olifants.&lt;ref&gt;Freshwater Ichthyology - The Cape galaxias Galaxias zebratus&lt;/ref&gt; Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina limtee tan ko ina ɓadii hulɓinaade, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en e leƴƴi liɗɗi goɗɗi naatnaaɗi ɗii ngaddata ɗum en majjude.[3] Gila fuɗɗoode hitaande 2021 ina waɗi mborosaaji keewɗi gonɗi e maayo ngo.

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      <text bytes="1355" sha1="loaeawr3uikyoxzhoqxld1z6m219dwz" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Krom''' walla Maayo Kromme ( Afriknaaɓe : Krommerivier ) ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kap Fuɗnaange to Afrik worgo. Maayo ngoo ina rewi e maayo Indiya rewrude e ŋoral to bannge worgo maayo St Francis, bannge worgo Port Elizabeth. Maayo Krom ina rewa e bannge ESE, njuuteendi mum ko hedde 109 km, tawi ko 1 085 km2.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fish to Tsitsikamma WMA 15&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Baraas Churchill e baraas Impofu ko baraasuuji dow maayo Krom. Ko sakkitii koo woni ko sara Humansdorp. Hannde oo maayo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.

== Ekoloji ==
E hitaande 1995, e nder maayo Krom, ko wayi no liɗɗi Afrik worgo, tawi ko e nder diiwaan Kap Floristik. Haa e oon sahaa ina sikkaa wonde peccitagol maggol ina fawii e nokkuuji hakkunde Keurbooms e maayo Olifants.&lt;ref&gt;Freshwater Ichthyology - The Cape galaxias Galaxias zebratus&lt;/ref&gt; Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina limtee tan ko ina ɓadii hulɓinaade, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en e leƴƴi liɗɗi goɗɗi naatnaaɗi ɗii ngaddata ɗum en majjude.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Biodiversity, Alien trout, and the So what attitude&quot; Deprecated link archived 2012-12-25 at archive.today&lt;/ref&gt; Gila fuɗɗoode hitaande 2021 ina waɗi mborosaaji keewɗi gonɗi e maayo ngo.

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'''Maayo Krom''' walla Maayo Kromme ( Afriknaaɓe : Krommerivier ) ko maayo e nder diiwaan Kap Fuɗnaange to Afrik worgo. Maayo ngoo ina rewi e maayo Indiya rewrude e ŋoral to bannge worgo maayo St Francis, bannge worgo Port Elizabeth. Maayo Krom ina rewa e bannge ESE, njuuteendi mum ko hedde 109 km, tawi ko 1 085 km2.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Fish to Tsitsikamma WMA 15&quot;. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Baraas Churchill e baraas Impofu ko baraasuuji dow maayo Krom. Ko sakkitii koo woni ko sara Humansdorp. Hannde oo maayo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji njuɓɓudi ndiyam Liɗɗi haa Tsitsikama.

== Ekoloji ==
E hitaande 1995, e nder maayo Krom, ko wayi no liɗɗi Afrik worgo, tawi ko e nder diiwaan Kap Floristik. Haa e oon sahaa ina sikkaa wonde peccitagol maggol ina fawii e nokkuuji hakkunde Keurbooms e maayo Olifants.&lt;ref&gt;Freshwater Ichthyology - The Cape galaxias Galaxias zebratus&lt;/ref&gt; Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina limtee tan ko ina ɓadii hulɓinaade, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en e leƴƴi liɗɗi goɗɗi naatnaaɗi ɗii ngaddata ɗum en majjude.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Biodiversity, Alien trout, and the So what attitude&quot; Deprecated link archived 2012-12-25 at archive.today&lt;/ref&gt; Gila fuɗɗoode hitaande 2021 ina waɗi mborosaaji keewɗi gonɗi e maayo ngo.

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    <title>Maayo Olifants (Kap hirnaange)</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Maayo Olifants''' (e Afriknaaɓe: Olifantsrivier) ko maayo wonngo e nokku hirnaange worgo leydi Afrik worgo. Nokku toowɗo e mawɗo maayo Olifants woni ko e saraaji Ceres e koɗli Cederberg. Baraaji Clanwilliam e Bulshoek ina tawee e maayo ngoo, ina ndokka ndiyam gure e gese saraaji maayo ngoo. Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e 285 km, njaajeendi mum ko 46 220 km2. Nde ummotoo ko e maayo Atlantik to Papendorp, 250 km to fuɗnaange wuro Kap.  == Koɗorɗe ndiyam == Maayo Olifant...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1386" sha1="1yk5mw5thmpg8ok2d6synfgebkhbu5z" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Olifants''' (e Afriknaaɓe: Olifantsrivier) ko maayo wonngo e nokku hirnaange worgo leydi Afrik worgo. Nokku toowɗo e mawɗo maayo Olifants woni ko e saraaji Ceres e koɗli Cederberg. Baraaji Clanwilliam e Bulshoek ina tawee e maayo ngoo, ina ndokka ndiyam gure e gese saraaji maayo ngoo. Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e 285 km, njaajeendi mum ko 46 220 km2. Nde ummotoo ko e maayo Atlantik to Papendorp, 250 km to fuɗnaange wuro Kap.

== Koɗorɗe ndiyam ==
Maayo Olifants ina ummoo e koɗli Winterhoek to fuɗnaange Ceres. Njuuteeki ɓoggol mawngol ngol ko hedde 265 km. Maayo ngoo ina ilna bannge worgo-fuɗnaange rewrude e falnde luggiɗnde, ɓuuɓnde, nde yaaji, nde ɓuuɓtoo, nde wonta weendu jaajndu les Clanwilliam.

Maayo ngoo haa jooni ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec Atlantik sara Papendorp. To hunnduko maayo Olifants feccii ko e duunde ina hollira mbaydiiji kaaƴe teskinɗi.[1]

== Tributeeruuji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo maggo ko maayo Doring, ngo wayli innde makko e Melkboom/Oudrif hade maggo naatde e Olifant en. Laabi gonɗi e fuɗnaange ɗii, ko wayi no maayo Thee, maayo Noordhoek, maayo Boontjies, maayo Rondegat e maayo Jan Dissels, ina keewi wonde ko duumotooɗo, so wonaa maayo Sout. Ɗeen ummotooɗe bannge worgo, ko wayi no maayo Ratel, maayo Elandskloof e maayo Seekoeivlei ɓuri famɗude e yontaaji, ɗe mballaani no feewi e doggol e nder njuɓɓudi ndii.[2]</text>
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      <text bytes="3282" sha1="3ldabmcpcmbpekr6k3wx3almll9ixid" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Olifants''' (e Afriknaaɓe: Olifantsrivier) ko maayo wonngo e nokku hirnaange worgo leydi Afrik worgo. Nokku toowɗo e mawɗo maayo Olifants woni ko e saraaji Ceres e koɗli Cederberg. Baraaji Clanwilliam e Bulshoek ina tawee e maayo ngoo, ina ndokka ndiyam gure e gese saraaji maayo ngoo. Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e 285 km, njaajeendi mum ko 46 220 km2. Nde ummotoo ko e maayo Atlantik to Papendorp, 250 km to fuɗnaange wuro Kap.

== Koɗorɗe ndiyam ==
Maayo Olifants ina ummoo e koɗli Winterhoek to fuɗnaange Ceres. Njuuteeki ɓoggol mawngol ngol ko hedde 265 km. Maayo ngoo ina ilna bannge worgo-fuɗnaange rewrude e falnde luggiɗnde, ɓuuɓnde, nde yaaji, nde ɓuuɓtoo, nde wonta weendu jaajndu les Clanwilliam.

Maayo ngoo haa jooni ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec Atlantik sara Papendorp. To hunnduko maayo Olifants feccii ko e duunde ina hollira mbaydiiji kaaƴe teskinɗi.[1]

== Tributeeruuji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo maggo ko maayo Doring, ngo wayli innde makko e Melkboom/Oudrif hade maggo naatde e Olifant en. Laabi gonɗi e fuɗnaange ɗii, ko wayi no maayo Thee, maayo Noordhoek, maayo Boontjies, maayo Rondegat e maayo Jan Dissels, ina keewi wonde ko duumotooɗo, so wonaa maayo Sout. Ɗeen ummotooɗe bannge worgo, ko wayi no maayo Ratel, maayo Elandskloof e maayo Seekoeivlei ɓuri famɗude e yontaaji, ɗe mballaani no feewi e doggol e nder njuɓɓudi ndii.[2]

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraaji e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi maayo Olifants :

* Baraas Clanwilliam, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 127 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,5×109 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)
* Baraas Bulshoek, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 7 500 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (260 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)

Wurooji mawɗi les ɓuuɓol maayo Olifants/Doring ina mbaɗi Lutzville, Vredendal e Vanrhynsdorp tawaaɗi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi les ɗii e Clanwilliam e Citrusdal e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi hakkundeeji ɗii.

== Ekoloji ==
Endemism e nder maayooji Olifants/Doring ina heewi no feewi wonande Afrik worgo, ina waɗi leƴƴi jeetati e nder njuɓɓudi ndii. Maayo Olifants toowngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi teeŋtude ɗi ƴiye mawɗe (Pseudobarbus serra) hoɗi.[3] Ooɗoo ñawu nokkuyankeewu, IUCN renndini ɗum ko e « Endangered ». E oo sahaa ina famɗi no feewi haa nde waawataa warde walla nanngeede ; ko leñol juutngol nguurndam, leelngol, ina sokli duuɓi keewɗi ngam mawnude tawa ustaani kono ina yettoo mawɗo fotde 40 cm caggal duuɓi sappo. CapeNature waɗii jarribooji ngam huutoraade ɗum ngam ndema ndiyam walla liɗɗi, kono ɗuum ina ɗaɓɓi reende ekosistem maayo ɓurngo moƴƴude. Ɓoornugol Clanwilliam (&quot;P.&quot; calidus)[4] ko leñol goɗngol kulɓiniingol, ngol sariya reeni, tawaangol e maayo Olifants ; ko ɗum ɓuri[5].

Liɗɗi daneeji (Labeobarbus seeberi) ko sippirin mawɗo goɗɗo e nder ndeeɗoo weeyo, gonɗo e diiwaan Kap hirnaange. Nde waɗii won e golle jibinannde cappanɗe tati, tee restoraaji mayre ina ɓuri moƴƴude. Kono ina gasa tawa nde majjii e maayo Olifants, ko famɗi fof nde majjii ko hakkunde maayo Olifants e baraas Clanwilliam.[6] So tawii ko ɗum naatnetee, laaɓaani, sibu mawɓe sawfin e Clanwilliam yellowfish ina gasa tawa ko ƴaañooɓe ekolosii, kadi haa nde maayo Olifants artiri no feewi ekolosii kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe mbaawataa ƴellitaade e sahaa gooto.[7]</text>
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      <text bytes="4645" sha1="9xctzi4hhql4jv85r0oahrn5327vgdn" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Olifants''' (e Afriknaaɓe: Olifantsrivier) ko maayo wonngo e nokku hirnaange worgo leydi Afrik worgo. Nokku toowɗo e mawɗo maayo Olifants woni ko e saraaji Ceres e koɗli Cederberg. Baraaji Clanwilliam e Bulshoek ina tawee e maayo ngoo, ina ndokka ndiyam gure e gese saraaji maayo ngoo. Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e 285 km, njaajeendi mum ko 46 220 km2. Nde ummotoo ko e maayo Atlantik to Papendorp, 250 km to fuɗnaange wuro Kap.

== Koɗorɗe ndiyam ==
Maayo Olifants ina ummoo e koɗli Winterhoek to fuɗnaange Ceres. Njuuteeki ɓoggol mawngol ngol ko hedde 265 km. Maayo ngoo ina ilna bannge worgo-fuɗnaange rewrude e falnde luggiɗnde, ɓuuɓnde, nde yaaji, nde ɓuuɓtoo, nde wonta weendu jaajndu les Clanwilliam.

Maayo ngoo haa jooni ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec Atlantik sara Papendorp. To hunnduko maayo Olifants feccii ko e duunde ina hollira mbaydiiji kaaƴe teskinɗi.[1]

== Tributeeruuji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo maggo ko maayo Doring, ngo wayli innde makko e Melkboom/Oudrif hade maggo naatde e Olifant en. Laabi gonɗi e fuɗnaange ɗii, ko wayi no maayo Thee, maayo Noordhoek, maayo Boontjies, maayo Rondegat e maayo Jan Dissels, ina keewi wonde ko duumotooɗo, so wonaa maayo Sout. Ɗeen ummotooɗe bannge worgo, ko wayi no maayo Ratel, maayo Elandskloof e maayo Seekoeivlei ɓuri famɗude e yontaaji, ɗe mballaani no feewi e doggol e nder njuɓɓudi ndii.[2]

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraaji e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi maayo Olifants :

* Baraas Clanwilliam, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 127 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,5×109 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)
* Baraas Bulshoek, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 7 500 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (260 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)

Wurooji mawɗi les ɓuuɓol maayo Olifants/Doring ina mbaɗi Lutzville, Vredendal e Vanrhynsdorp tawaaɗi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi les ɗii e Clanwilliam e Citrusdal e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi hakkundeeji ɗii.

== Ekoloji ==
Endemism e nder maayooji Olifants/Doring ina heewi no feewi wonande Afrik worgo, ina waɗi leƴƴi jeetati e nder njuɓɓudi ndii. Maayo Olifants toowngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi teeŋtude ɗi ƴiye mawɗe (Pseudobarbus serra) hoɗi.[3] Ooɗoo ñawu nokkuyankeewu, IUCN renndini ɗum ko e « Endangered ». E oo sahaa ina famɗi no feewi haa nde waawataa warde walla nanngeede ; ko leñol juutngol nguurndam, leelngol, ina sokli duuɓi keewɗi ngam mawnude tawa ustaani kono ina yettoo mawɗo fotde 40 cm caggal duuɓi sappo. CapeNature waɗii jarribooji ngam huutoraade ɗum ngam ndema ndiyam walla liɗɗi, kono ɗuum ina ɗaɓɓi reende ekosistem maayo ɓurngo moƴƴude. Ɓoornugol Clanwilliam (&quot;P.&quot; calidus)[4] ko leñol goɗngol kulɓiniingol, ngol sariya reeni, tawaangol e maayo Olifants ; ko ɗum ɓuri[5].

Liɗɗi daneeji (Labeobarbus seeberi) ko sippirin mawɗo goɗɗo e nder ndeeɗoo weeyo, gonɗo e diiwaan Kap hirnaange. Nde waɗii won e golle jibinannde cappanɗe tati, tee restoraaji mayre ina ɓuri moƴƴude. Kono ina gasa tawa nde majjii e maayo Olifants, ko famɗi fof nde majjii ko hakkunde maayo Olifants e baraas Clanwilliam.[6] So tawii ko ɗum naatnetee, laaɓaani, sibu mawɓe sawfin e Clanwilliam yellowfish ina gasa tawa ko ƴaañooɓe ekolosii, kadi haa nde maayo Olifants artiri no feewi ekolosii kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe mbaawataa ƴellitaade e sahaa gooto.[7]

Maayo Olifants ina maantiniri keerol worgo galaksiiji Kap (Galaxias zebratus), ko liɗɗi Afrik worgo renndini nokkuuji gooti e liɗɗi mborosaaji naatnaaɗi, ina nguuri e nokku hakkunde Olifants e maayo Keurbooms. Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina keewi no feewi, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en potɗi haɓaade ɗii ngaddani ɗum en majjude.[8] Leƴƴi goɗɗi keɓaaɗi e nder maayo Olifants ina mbaɗi ƴiye boɗeeje maayo Twee, (Pseudobarbus erubescens), ƴiye boɗeeje yiite (Pseudobarbus phlegethon), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye ƴiye kaaƴe (Austroglanis gilli), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye (Clanwilliam see Clanwilliam).

Ko ɓuri bonde e kulhuli nguurndam e nder weeyo maayo ngoo, ina gasa tawa ko ƴiye tokoose (Micropterus dolomieu). Ko adii fof ko ngam liggaade dingiral, nde wonti huunde bonnde e ustude keɓe liɗɗi goɗɗi. Mumtugol maggol ina hirjinee e nder porogaraam « Cape Action pour les peuples et l'environnement ».

Kuutoragol ngol wonaa biyoloji ko ɓuri heewde ko ittugol ndiyam maayo ngam ustude, e ɓuuɓri tookeeri ummoraade e ndema (haa teeŋti e agrumes). Ɗee ina keewi aawde haa e daande maayo, tawa ɗe ngoppaani leɗɗe keewɗe ngam filtinde mborosaaji e mborosaaji e dartinde mborosaaji, ɗum noon ina addana maayo ngoo e leydi ndema saraaji mum fof ustaade.[9]

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'''Maayo Olifants''' (e Afriknaaɓe: Olifantsrivier) ko maayo wonngo e nokku hirnaange worgo leydi Afrik worgo. Nokku toowɗo e mawɗo maayo Olifants woni ko e saraaji Ceres e koɗli Cederberg. Baraaji Clanwilliam e Bulshoek ina tawee e maayo ngoo, ina ndokka ndiyam gure e gese saraaji maayo ngoo. Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e 285 km, njaajeendi mum ko 46 220 km2. Nde ummotoo ko e maayo Atlantik to Papendorp, 250 km to fuɗnaange wuro Kap.

== Koɗorɗe ndiyam ==
Maayo Olifants ina ummoo e koɗli Winterhoek to fuɗnaange Ceres. Njuuteeki ɓoggol mawngol ngol ko hedde 265 km. Maayo ngoo ina ilna bannge worgo-fuɗnaange rewrude e falnde luggiɗnde, ɓuuɓnde, nde yaaji, nde ɓuuɓtoo, nde wonta weendu jaajndu les Clanwilliam.

Maayo ngoo haa jooni ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec Atlantik sara Papendorp. To hunnduko maayo Olifants feccii ko e duunde ina hollira mbaydiiji kaaƴe teskinɗi.[1]

== Tributeeruuji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo maggo ko maayo Doring, ngo wayli innde makko e Melkboom/Oudrif hade maggo naatde e Olifant en. Laabi gonɗi e fuɗnaange ɗii, ko wayi no maayo Thee, maayo Noordhoek, maayo Boontjies, maayo Rondegat e maayo Jan Dissels, ina keewi wonde ko duumotooɗo, so wonaa maayo Sout. Ɗeen ummotooɗe bannge worgo, ko wayi no maayo Ratel, maayo Elandskloof e maayo Seekoeivlei ɓuri famɗude e yontaaji, ɗe mballaani no feewi e doggol e nder njuɓɓudi ndii.[2]

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraaji e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi maayo Olifants :

* Baraas Clanwilliam, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 127 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,5×109 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)
* Baraas Bulshoek, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 7 500 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (260 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)

Wurooji mawɗi les ɓuuɓol maayo Olifants/Doring ina mbaɗi Lutzville, Vredendal e Vanrhynsdorp tawaaɗi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi les ɗii e Clanwilliam e Citrusdal e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi hakkundeeji ɗii.

== Ekoloji ==
Endemism e nder maayooji Olifants/Doring ina heewi no feewi wonande Afrik worgo, ina waɗi leƴƴi jeetati e nder njuɓɓudi ndii. Maayo Olifants toowngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi teeŋtude ɗi ƴiye mawɗe (Pseudobarbus serra) hoɗi.[3] Ooɗoo ñawu nokkuyankeewu, IUCN renndini ɗum ko e « Endangered ». E oo sahaa ina famɗi no feewi haa nde waawataa warde walla nanngeede ; ko leñol juutngol nguurndam, leelngol, ina sokli duuɓi keewɗi ngam mawnude tawa ustaani kono ina yettoo mawɗo fotde 40 cm caggal duuɓi sappo. CapeNature waɗii jarribooji ngam huutoraade ɗum ngam ndema ndiyam walla liɗɗi, kono ɗuum ina ɗaɓɓi reende ekosistem maayo ɓurngo moƴƴude. Ɓoornugol Clanwilliam (&quot;P.&quot; calidus)[4] ko leñol goɗngol kulɓiniingol, ngol sariya reeni, tawaangol e maayo Olifants ; ko ɗum ɓuri[5].

Liɗɗi daneeji (Labeobarbus seeberi) ko sippirin mawɗo goɗɗo e nder ndeeɗoo weeyo, gonɗo e diiwaan Kap hirnaange. Nde waɗii won e golle jibinannde cappanɗe tati, tee restoraaji mayre ina ɓuri moƴƴude. Kono ina gasa tawa nde majjii e maayo Olifants, ko famɗi fof nde majjii ko hakkunde maayo Olifants e baraas Clanwilliam.[6] So tawii ko ɗum naatnetee, laaɓaani, sibu mawɓe sawfin e Clanwilliam yellowfish ina gasa tawa ko ƴaañooɓe ekolosii, kadi haa nde maayo Olifants artiri no feewi ekolosii kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe mbaawataa ƴellitaade e sahaa gooto.[7]

Maayo Olifants ina maantiniri keerol worgo galaksiiji Kap (Galaxias zebratus), ko liɗɗi Afrik worgo renndini nokkuuji gooti e liɗɗi mborosaaji naatnaaɗi, ina nguuri e nokku hakkunde Olifants e maayo Keurbooms. Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina keewi no feewi, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en potɗi haɓaade ɗii ngaddani ɗum en majjude.[8] Leƴƴi goɗɗi keɓaaɗi e nder maayo Olifants ina mbaɗi ƴiye boɗeeje maayo Twee, (Pseudobarbus erubescens), ƴiye boɗeeje yiite (Pseudobarbus phlegethon), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye ƴiye kaaƴe (Austroglanis gilli), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye (Clanwilliam see Clanwilliam).

Ko ɓuri bonde e kulhuli nguurndam e nder weeyo maayo ngoo, ina gasa tawa ko ƴiye tokoose (Micropterus dolomieu). Ko adii fof ko ngam liggaade dingiral, nde wonti huunde bonnde e ustude keɓe liɗɗi goɗɗi. Mumtugol maggol ina hirjinee e nder porogaraam « Cape Action pour les peuples et l'environnement ».

Kuutoragol ngol wonaa biyoloji ko ɓuri heewde ko ittugol ndiyam maayo ngam ustude, e ɓuuɓri tookeeri ummoraade e ndema (haa teeŋti e agrumes). Ɗee ina keewi aawde haa e daande maayo, tawa ɗe ngoppaani leɗɗe keewɗe ngam filtinde mborosaaji e mborosaaji e dartinde mborosaaji, ɗum noon ina addana maayo ngoo e leydi ndema saraaji mum fof ustaade.[9]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Olifants''' (e Afriknaaɓe: Olifantsrivier) ko maayo wonngo e nokku hirnaange worgo leydi Afrik worgo. Nokku toowɗo e mawɗo maayo Olifants woni ko e saraaji Ceres e koɗli Cederberg. Baraaji Clanwilliam e Bulshoek ina tawee e maayo ngoo, ina ndokka ndiyam gure e gese saraaji maayo ngoo. Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e 285 km, njaajeendi mum ko 46 220 km2. Nde ummotoo ko e maayo Atlantik to Papendorp, 250 km to fuɗnaange wuro Kap.

== Koɗorɗe ndiyam ==
Maayo Olifants ina ummoo e koɗli Winterhoek to fuɗnaange Ceres. Njuuteeki ɓoggol mawngol ngol ko hedde 265 km. Maayo ngoo ina ilna bannge worgo-fuɗnaange rewrude e falnde luggiɗnde, ɓuuɓnde, nde yaaji, nde ɓuuɓtoo, nde wonta weendu jaajndu les Clanwilliam.

Maayo ngoo haa jooni ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec Atlantik sara Papendorp. To hunnduko maayo Olifants feccii ko e duunde ina hollira mbaydiiji kaaƴe teskinɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Cornel Truter, West Coast tourist guide, University of Cape Town Press, ISBN 9781919713243&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tributeeruuji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo maggo ko maayo Doring, ngo wayli innde makko e Melkboom/Oudrif hade maggo naatde e Olifant en. Laabi gonɗi e fuɗnaange ɗii, ko wayi no maayo Thee, maayo Noordhoek, maayo Boontjies, maayo Rondegat e maayo Jan Dissels, ina keewi wonde ko duumotooɗo, so wonaa maayo Sout. Ɗeen ummotooɗe bannge worgo, ko wayi no maayo Ratel, maayo Elandskloof e maayo Seekoeivlei ɓuri famɗude e yontaaji, ɗe mballaani no feewi e doggol e nder njuɓɓudi ndii.[2]

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraaji e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi maayo Olifants :

* Baraas Clanwilliam, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 127 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,5×109 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)
* Baraas Bulshoek, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 7 500 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (260 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)

Wurooji mawɗi les ɓuuɓol maayo Olifants/Doring ina mbaɗi Lutzville, Vredendal e Vanrhynsdorp tawaaɗi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi les ɗii e Clanwilliam e Citrusdal e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi hakkundeeji ɗii.

== Ekoloji ==
Endemism e nder maayooji Olifants/Doring ina heewi no feewi wonande Afrik worgo, ina waɗi leƴƴi jeetati e nder njuɓɓudi ndii. Maayo Olifants toowngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi teeŋtude ɗi ƴiye mawɗe (Pseudobarbus serra) hoɗi.[3] Ooɗoo ñawu nokkuyankeewu, IUCN renndini ɗum ko e « Endangered ». E oo sahaa ina famɗi no feewi haa nde waawataa warde walla nanngeede ; ko leñol juutngol nguurndam, leelngol, ina sokli duuɓi keewɗi ngam mawnude tawa ustaani kono ina yettoo mawɗo fotde 40 cm caggal duuɓi sappo. CapeNature waɗii jarribooji ngam huutoraade ɗum ngam ndema ndiyam walla liɗɗi, kono ɗuum ina ɗaɓɓi reende ekosistem maayo ɓurngo moƴƴude. Ɓoornugol Clanwilliam (&quot;P.&quot; calidus)[4] ko leñol goɗngol kulɓiniingol, ngol sariya reeni, tawaangol e maayo Olifants ; ko ɗum ɓuri[5].

Liɗɗi daneeji (Labeobarbus seeberi) ko sippirin mawɗo goɗɗo e nder ndeeɗoo weeyo, gonɗo e diiwaan Kap hirnaange. Nde waɗii won e golle jibinannde cappanɗe tati, tee restoraaji mayre ina ɓuri moƴƴude. Kono ina gasa tawa nde majjii e maayo Olifants, ko famɗi fof nde majjii ko hakkunde maayo Olifants e baraas Clanwilliam.[6] So tawii ko ɗum naatnetee, laaɓaani, sibu mawɓe sawfin e Clanwilliam yellowfish ina gasa tawa ko ƴaañooɓe ekolosii, kadi haa nde maayo Olifants artiri no feewi ekolosii kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe mbaawataa ƴellitaade e sahaa gooto.[7]

Maayo Olifants ina maantiniri keerol worgo galaksiiji Kap (Galaxias zebratus), ko liɗɗi Afrik worgo renndini nokkuuji gooti e liɗɗi mborosaaji naatnaaɗi, ina nguuri e nokku hakkunde Olifants e maayo Keurbooms. Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina keewi no feewi, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en potɗi haɓaade ɗii ngaddani ɗum en majjude.[8] Leƴƴi goɗɗi keɓaaɗi e nder maayo Olifants ina mbaɗi ƴiye boɗeeje maayo Twee, (Pseudobarbus erubescens), ƴiye boɗeeje yiite (Pseudobarbus phlegethon), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye ƴiye kaaƴe (Austroglanis gilli), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye (Clanwilliam see Clanwilliam).

Ko ɓuri bonde e kulhuli nguurndam e nder weeyo maayo ngoo, ina gasa tawa ko ƴiye tokoose (Micropterus dolomieu). Ko adii fof ko ngam liggaade dingiral, nde wonti huunde bonnde e ustude keɓe liɗɗi goɗɗi. Mumtugol maggol ina hirjinee e nder porogaraam « Cape Action pour les peuples et l'environnement ».

Kuutoragol ngol wonaa biyoloji ko ɓuri heewde ko ittugol ndiyam maayo ngam ustude, e ɓuuɓri tookeeri ummoraade e ndema (haa teeŋti e agrumes). Ɗee ina keewi aawde haa e daande maayo, tawa ɗe ngoppaani leɗɗe keewɗe ngam filtinde mborosaaji e mborosaaji e dartinde mborosaaji, ɗum noon ina addana maayo ngoo e leydi ndema saraaji mum fof ustaade.[9]

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'''Maayo Olifants''' (e Afriknaaɓe: Olifantsrivier) ko maayo wonngo e nokku hirnaange worgo leydi Afrik worgo. Nokku toowɗo e mawɗo maayo Olifants woni ko e saraaji Ceres e koɗli Cederberg. Baraaji Clanwilliam e Bulshoek ina tawee e maayo ngoo, ina ndokka ndiyam gure e gese saraaji maayo ngoo. Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e 285 km, njaajeendi mum ko 46 220 km2. Nde ummotoo ko e maayo Atlantik to Papendorp, 250 km to fuɗnaange wuro Kap.

== Koɗorɗe ndiyam ==
Maayo Olifants ina ummoo e koɗli Winterhoek to fuɗnaange Ceres. Njuuteeki ɓoggol mawngol ngol ko hedde 265 km. Maayo ngoo ina ilna bannge worgo-fuɗnaange rewrude e falnde luggiɗnde, ɓuuɓnde, nde yaaji, nde ɓuuɓtoo, nde wonta weendu jaajndu les Clanwilliam.

Maayo ngoo haa jooni ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec Atlantik sara Papendorp. To hunnduko maayo Olifants feccii ko e duunde ina hollira mbaydiiji kaaƴe teskinɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Cornel Truter, West Coast tourist guide, University of Cape Town Press, ISBN 9781919713243&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tributeeruuji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo maggo ko maayo Doring, ngo wayli innde makko e Melkboom/Oudrif hade maggo naatde e Olifant en. Laabi gonɗi e fuɗnaange ɗii, ko wayi no maayo Thee, maayo Noordhoek, maayo Boontjies, maayo Rondegat e maayo Jan Dissels, ina keewi wonde ko duumotooɗo, so wonaa maayo Sout. Ɗeen ummotooɗe bannge worgo, ko wayi no maayo Ratel, maayo Elandskloof e maayo Seekoeivlei ɓuri famɗude e yontaaji, ɗe mballaani no feewi e doggol e nder njuɓɓudi ndii.&lt;ref&gt;Olifants/Doorn WMA 17&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraaji e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi maayo Olifants :

* Baraas Clanwilliam, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 127 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,5×109 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)
* Baraas Bulshoek, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 7 500 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (260 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)

Wurooji mawɗi les ɓuuɓol maayo Olifants/Doring ina mbaɗi Lutzville, Vredendal e Vanrhynsdorp tawaaɗi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi les ɗii e Clanwilliam e Citrusdal e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi hakkundeeji ɗii.

== Ekoloji ==
Endemism e nder maayooji Olifants/Doring ina heewi no feewi wonande Afrik worgo, ina waɗi leƴƴi jeetati e nder njuɓɓudi ndii. Maayo Olifants toowngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi teeŋtude ɗi ƴiye mawɗe (Pseudobarbus serra) hoɗi.[3] Ooɗoo ñawu nokkuyankeewu, IUCN renndini ɗum ko e « Endangered ». E oo sahaa ina famɗi no feewi haa nde waawataa warde walla nanngeede ; ko leñol juutngol nguurndam, leelngol, ina sokli duuɓi keewɗi ngam mawnude tawa ustaani kono ina yettoo mawɗo fotde 40 cm caggal duuɓi sappo. CapeNature waɗii jarribooji ngam huutoraade ɗum ngam ndema ndiyam walla liɗɗi, kono ɗuum ina ɗaɓɓi reende ekosistem maayo ɓurngo moƴƴude. Ɓoornugol Clanwilliam (&quot;P.&quot; calidus)[4] ko leñol goɗngol kulɓiniingol, ngol sariya reeni, tawaangol e maayo Olifants ; ko ɗum ɓuri[5].

Liɗɗi daneeji (Labeobarbus seeberi) ko sippirin mawɗo goɗɗo e nder ndeeɗoo weeyo, gonɗo e diiwaan Kap hirnaange. Nde waɗii won e golle jibinannde cappanɗe tati, tee restoraaji mayre ina ɓuri moƴƴude. Kono ina gasa tawa nde majjii e maayo Olifants, ko famɗi fof nde majjii ko hakkunde maayo Olifants e baraas Clanwilliam.[6] So tawii ko ɗum naatnetee, laaɓaani, sibu mawɓe sawfin e Clanwilliam yellowfish ina gasa tawa ko ƴaañooɓe ekolosii, kadi haa nde maayo Olifants artiri no feewi ekolosii kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe mbaawataa ƴellitaade e sahaa gooto.[7]

Maayo Olifants ina maantiniri keerol worgo galaksiiji Kap (Galaxias zebratus), ko liɗɗi Afrik worgo renndini nokkuuji gooti e liɗɗi mborosaaji naatnaaɗi, ina nguuri e nokku hakkunde Olifants e maayo Keurbooms. Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina keewi no feewi, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en potɗi haɓaade ɗii ngaddani ɗum en majjude.[8] Leƴƴi goɗɗi keɓaaɗi e nder maayo Olifants ina mbaɗi ƴiye boɗeeje maayo Twee, (Pseudobarbus erubescens), ƴiye boɗeeje yiite (Pseudobarbus phlegethon), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye ƴiye kaaƴe (Austroglanis gilli), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye (Clanwilliam see Clanwilliam).

Ko ɓuri bonde e kulhuli nguurndam e nder weeyo maayo ngoo, ina gasa tawa ko ƴiye tokoose (Micropterus dolomieu). Ko adii fof ko ngam liggaade dingiral, nde wonti huunde bonnde e ustude keɓe liɗɗi goɗɗi. Mumtugol maggol ina hirjinee e nder porogaraam « Cape Action pour les peuples et l'environnement ».

Kuutoragol ngol wonaa biyoloji ko ɓuri heewde ko ittugol ndiyam maayo ngam ustude, e ɓuuɓri tookeeri ummoraade e ndema (haa teeŋti e agrumes). Ɗee ina keewi aawde haa e daande maayo, tawa ɗe ngoppaani leɗɗe keewɗe ngam filtinde mborosaaji e mborosaaji e dartinde mborosaaji, ɗum noon ina addana maayo ngoo e leydi ndema saraaji mum fof ustaade.[9]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Olifants''' (e Afriknaaɓe: Olifantsrivier) ko maayo wonngo e nokku hirnaange worgo leydi Afrik worgo. Nokku toowɗo e mawɗo maayo Olifants woni ko e saraaji Ceres e koɗli Cederberg. Baraaji Clanwilliam e Bulshoek ina tawee e maayo ngoo, ina ndokka ndiyam gure e gese saraaji maayo ngoo. Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e 285 km, njaajeendi mum ko 46 220 km2. Nde ummotoo ko e maayo Atlantik to Papendorp, 250 km to fuɗnaange wuro Kap.

== Koɗorɗe ndiyam ==
Maayo Olifants ina ummoo e koɗli Winterhoek to fuɗnaange Ceres. Njuuteeki ɓoggol mawngol ngol ko hedde 265 km. Maayo ngoo ina ilna bannge worgo-fuɗnaange rewrude e falnde luggiɗnde, ɓuuɓnde, nde yaaji, nde ɓuuɓtoo, nde wonta weendu jaajndu les Clanwilliam.

Maayo ngoo haa jooni ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec Atlantik sara Papendorp. To hunnduko maayo Olifants feccii ko e duunde ina hollira mbaydiiji kaaƴe teskinɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Cornel Truter, West Coast tourist guide, University of Cape Town Press, ISBN 9781919713243&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tributeeruuji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo maggo ko maayo Doring, ngo wayli innde makko e Melkboom/Oudrif hade maggo naatde e Olifant en. Laabi gonɗi e fuɗnaange ɗii, ko wayi no maayo Thee, maayo Noordhoek, maayo Boontjies, maayo Rondegat e maayo Jan Dissels, ina keewi wonde ko duumotooɗo, so wonaa maayo Sout. Ɗeen ummotooɗe bannge worgo, ko wayi no maayo Ratel, maayo Elandskloof e maayo Seekoeivlei ɓuri famɗude e yontaaji, ɗe mballaani no feewi e doggol e nder njuɓɓudi ndii.&lt;ref&gt;Olifants/Doorn WMA 17&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraaji e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi maayo Olifants :

* Baraas Clanwilliam, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 127 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,5×109 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)
* Baraas Bulshoek, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 7 500 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (260 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)

Wurooji mawɗi les ɓuuɓol maayo Olifants/Doring ina mbaɗi Lutzville, Vredendal e Vanrhynsdorp tawaaɗi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi les ɗii e Clanwilliam e Citrusdal e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi hakkundeeji ɗii.

== Ekoloji ==
Endemism e nder maayooji Olifants/Doring ina heewi no feewi wonande Afrik worgo, ina waɗi leƴƴi jeetati e nder njuɓɓudi ndii. Maayo Olifants toowngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi teeŋtude ɗi ƴiye mawɗe (Pseudobarbus serra) hoɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Impson, D.; Van der Walt, R.; Jordaan, M. (2017). &quot;Pseudobarbus serra&quot;. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T2569A100148283. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T2569A100148283.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Ooɗoo ñawu nokkuyankeewu, IUCN renndini ɗum ko e « Endangered ». E oo sahaa ina famɗi no feewi haa nde waawataa warde walla nanngeede ; ko leñol juutngol nguurndam, leelngol, ina sokli duuɓi keewɗi ngam mawnude tawa ustaani kono ina yettoo mawɗo fotde 40 cm caggal duuɓi sappo. CapeNature waɗii jarribooji ngam huutoraade ɗum ngam ndema ndiyam walla liɗɗi, kono ɗuum ina ɗaɓɓi reende ekosistem maayo ɓurngo moƴƴude. Ɓoornugol Clanwilliam (&quot;P.&quot; calidus)[4] ko leñol goɗngol kulɓiniingol, ngol sariya reeni, tawaangol e maayo Olifants ; ko ɗum ɓuri[5].

Liɗɗi daneeji (Labeobarbus seeberi) ko sippirin mawɗo goɗɗo e nder ndeeɗoo weeyo, gonɗo e diiwaan Kap hirnaange. Nde waɗii won e golle jibinannde cappanɗe tati, tee restoraaji mayre ina ɓuri moƴƴude. Kono ina gasa tawa nde majjii e maayo Olifants, ko famɗi fof nde majjii ko hakkunde maayo Olifants e baraas Clanwilliam.[6] So tawii ko ɗum naatnetee, laaɓaani, sibu mawɓe sawfin e Clanwilliam yellowfish ina gasa tawa ko ƴaañooɓe ekolosii, kadi haa nde maayo Olifants artiri no feewi ekolosii kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe mbaawataa ƴellitaade e sahaa gooto.[7]

Maayo Olifants ina maantiniri keerol worgo galaksiiji Kap (Galaxias zebratus), ko liɗɗi Afrik worgo renndini nokkuuji gooti e liɗɗi mborosaaji naatnaaɗi, ina nguuri e nokku hakkunde Olifants e maayo Keurbooms. Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina keewi no feewi, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en potɗi haɓaade ɗii ngaddani ɗum en majjude.[8] Leƴƴi goɗɗi keɓaaɗi e nder maayo Olifants ina mbaɗi ƴiye boɗeeje maayo Twee, (Pseudobarbus erubescens), ƴiye boɗeeje yiite (Pseudobarbus phlegethon), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye ƴiye kaaƴe (Austroglanis gilli), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye (Clanwilliam see Clanwilliam).

Ko ɓuri bonde e kulhuli nguurndam e nder weeyo maayo ngoo, ina gasa tawa ko ƴiye tokoose (Micropterus dolomieu). Ko adii fof ko ngam liggaade dingiral, nde wonti huunde bonnde e ustude keɓe liɗɗi goɗɗi. Mumtugol maggol ina hirjinee e nder porogaraam « Cape Action pour les peuples et l'environnement ».

Kuutoragol ngol wonaa biyoloji ko ɓuri heewde ko ittugol ndiyam maayo ngam ustude, e ɓuuɓri tookeeri ummoraade e ndema (haa teeŋti e agrumes). Ɗee ina keewi aawde haa e daande maayo, tawa ɗe ngoppaani leɗɗe keewɗe ngam filtinde mborosaaji e mborosaaji e dartinde mborosaaji, ɗum noon ina addana maayo ngoo e leydi ndema saraaji mum fof ustaade.[9]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Olifants''' (e Afriknaaɓe: Olifantsrivier) ko maayo wonngo e nokku hirnaange worgo leydi Afrik worgo. Nokku toowɗo e mawɗo maayo Olifants woni ko e saraaji Ceres e koɗli Cederberg. Baraaji Clanwilliam e Bulshoek ina tawee e maayo ngoo, ina ndokka ndiyam gure e gese saraaji maayo ngoo. Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e 285 km, njaajeendi mum ko 46 220 km2. Nde ummotoo ko e maayo Atlantik to Papendorp, 250 km to fuɗnaange wuro Kap.

== Koɗorɗe ndiyam ==
Maayo Olifants ina ummoo e koɗli Winterhoek to fuɗnaange Ceres. Njuuteeki ɓoggol mawngol ngol ko hedde 265 km. Maayo ngoo ina ilna bannge worgo-fuɗnaange rewrude e falnde luggiɗnde, ɓuuɓnde, nde yaaji, nde ɓuuɓtoo, nde wonta weendu jaajndu les Clanwilliam.

Maayo ngoo haa jooni ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec Atlantik sara Papendorp. To hunnduko maayo Olifants feccii ko e duunde ina hollira mbaydiiji kaaƴe teskinɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Cornel Truter, West Coast tourist guide, University of Cape Town Press, ISBN 9781919713243&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tributeeruuji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo maggo ko maayo Doring, ngo wayli innde makko e Melkboom/Oudrif hade maggo naatde e Olifant en. Laabi gonɗi e fuɗnaange ɗii, ko wayi no maayo Thee, maayo Noordhoek, maayo Boontjies, maayo Rondegat e maayo Jan Dissels, ina keewi wonde ko duumotooɗo, so wonaa maayo Sout. Ɗeen ummotooɗe bannge worgo, ko wayi no maayo Ratel, maayo Elandskloof e maayo Seekoeivlei ɓuri famɗude e yontaaji, ɗe mballaani no feewi e doggol e nder njuɓɓudi ndii.&lt;ref&gt;Olifants/Doorn WMA 17&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraaji e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi maayo Olifants :

* Baraas Clanwilliam, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 127 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,5×109 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)
* Baraas Bulshoek, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 7 500 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (260 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)

Wurooji mawɗi les ɓuuɓol maayo Olifants/Doring ina mbaɗi Lutzville, Vredendal e Vanrhynsdorp tawaaɗi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi les ɗii e Clanwilliam e Citrusdal e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi hakkundeeji ɗii.

== Ekoloji ==
Endemism e nder maayooji Olifants/Doring ina heewi no feewi wonande Afrik worgo, ina waɗi leƴƴi jeetati e nder njuɓɓudi ndii. Maayo Olifants toowngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi teeŋtude ɗi ƴiye mawɗe (Pseudobarbus serra) hoɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Impson, D.; Van der Walt, R.; Jordaan, M. (2017). &quot;Pseudobarbus serra&quot;. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T2569A100148283. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T2569A100148283.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Ooɗoo ñawu nokkuyankeewu, IUCN renndini ɗum ko e «Endangered». E oo sahaa ina famɗi no feewi haa nde waawataa warde walla nanngeede ; ko leñol juutngol nguurndam, leelngol, ina sokli duuɓi keewɗi ngam mawnude tawa ustaani kono ina yettoo mawɗo fotde 40 cm caggal duuɓi sappo. CapeNature waɗii jarribooji ngam huutoraade ɗum ngam ndema ndiyam walla liɗɗi, kono ɗuum ina ɗaɓɓi reende ekosistem maayo ɓurngo moƴƴude. Ɓoornugol Clanwilliam (&quot;P.&quot; calidus)&lt;ref&gt;Van der Walt, R.; Jordaan, M.; Impson, D. (2017). &quot;Pseudobarbus calidus&quot;. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T2562A100139530. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T2562A100139530.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; ko leñol goɗngol kulɓiniingol, ngol sariya reeni, tawaangol e maayo Olifants; ko ɗum ɓuri[5].

Liɗɗi daneeji (Labeobarbus seeberi) ko sippirin mawɗo goɗɗo e nder ndeeɗoo weeyo, gonɗo e diiwaan Kap hirnaange. Nde waɗii won e golle jibinannde cappanɗe tati, tee restoraaji mayre ina ɓuri moƴƴude. Kono ina gasa tawa nde majjii e maayo Olifants, ko famɗi fof nde majjii ko hakkunde maayo Olifants e baraas Clanwilliam.[6] So tawii ko ɗum naatnetee, laaɓaani, sibu mawɓe sawfin e Clanwilliam yellowfish ina gasa tawa ko ƴaañooɓe ekolosii, kadi haa nde maayo Olifants artiri no feewi ekolosii kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe mbaawataa ƴellitaade e sahaa gooto.[7]

Maayo Olifants ina maantiniri keerol worgo galaksiiji Kap (Galaxias zebratus), ko liɗɗi Afrik worgo renndini nokkuuji gooti e liɗɗi mborosaaji naatnaaɗi, ina nguuri e nokku hakkunde Olifants e maayo Keurbooms. Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina keewi no feewi, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en potɗi haɓaade ɗii ngaddani ɗum en majjude.[8] Leƴƴi goɗɗi keɓaaɗi e nder maayo Olifants ina mbaɗi ƴiye boɗeeje maayo Twee, (Pseudobarbus erubescens), ƴiye boɗeeje yiite (Pseudobarbus phlegethon), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye ƴiye kaaƴe (Austroglanis gilli), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye (Clanwilliam see Clanwilliam).

Ko ɓuri bonde e kulhuli nguurndam e nder weeyo maayo ngoo, ina gasa tawa ko ƴiye tokoose (Micropterus dolomieu). Ko adii fof ko ngam liggaade dingiral, nde wonti huunde bonnde e ustude keɓe liɗɗi goɗɗi. Mumtugol maggol ina hirjinee e nder porogaraam « Cape Action pour les peuples et l'environnement ».

Kuutoragol ngol wonaa biyoloji ko ɓuri heewde ko ittugol ndiyam maayo ngam ustude, e ɓuuɓri tookeeri ummoraade e ndema (haa teeŋti e agrumes). Ɗee ina keewi aawde haa e daande maayo, tawa ɗe ngoppaani leɗɗe keewɗe ngam filtinde mborosaaji e mborosaaji e dartinde mborosaaji, ɗum noon ina addana maayo ngoo e leydi ndema saraaji mum fof ustaade.[9]

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'''Maayo Olifants''' (e Afriknaaɓe: Olifantsrivier) ko maayo wonngo e nokku hirnaange worgo leydi Afrik worgo. Nokku toowɗo e mawɗo maayo Olifants woni ko e saraaji Ceres e koɗli Cederberg. Baraaji Clanwilliam e Bulshoek ina tawee e maayo ngoo, ina ndokka ndiyam gure e gese saraaji maayo ngoo. Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e 285 km, njaajeendi mum ko 46 220 km2. Nde ummotoo ko e maayo Atlantik to Papendorp, 250 km to fuɗnaange wuro Kap.

== Koɗorɗe ndiyam ==
Maayo Olifants ina ummoo e koɗli Winterhoek to fuɗnaange Ceres. Njuuteeki ɓoggol mawngol ngol ko hedde 265 km. Maayo ngoo ina ilna bannge worgo-fuɗnaange rewrude e falnde luggiɗnde, ɓuuɓnde, nde yaaji, nde ɓuuɓtoo, nde wonta weendu jaajndu les Clanwilliam.

Maayo ngoo haa jooni ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec Atlantik sara Papendorp. To hunnduko maayo Olifants feccii ko e duunde ina hollira mbaydiiji kaaƴe teskinɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Cornel Truter, West Coast tourist guide, University of Cape Town Press, ISBN 9781919713243&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tributeeruuji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo maggo ko maayo Doring, ngo wayli innde makko e Melkboom/Oudrif hade maggo naatde e Olifant en. Laabi gonɗi e fuɗnaange ɗii, ko wayi no maayo Thee, maayo Noordhoek, maayo Boontjies, maayo Rondegat e maayo Jan Dissels, ina keewi wonde ko duumotooɗo, so wonaa maayo Sout. Ɗeen ummotooɗe bannge worgo, ko wayi no maayo Ratel, maayo Elandskloof e maayo Seekoeivlei ɓuri famɗude e yontaaji, ɗe mballaani no feewi e doggol e nder njuɓɓudi ndii.&lt;ref&gt;Olifants/Doorn WMA 17&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraaji e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi maayo Olifants :

* Baraas Clanwilliam, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 127 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,5×109 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)
* Baraas Bulshoek, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 7 500 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (260 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)

Wurooji mawɗi les ɓuuɓol maayo Olifants/Doring ina mbaɗi Lutzville, Vredendal e Vanrhynsdorp tawaaɗi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi les ɗii e Clanwilliam e Citrusdal e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi hakkundeeji ɗii.

== Ekoloji ==
Endemism e nder maayooji Olifants/Doring ina heewi no feewi wonande Afrik worgo, ina waɗi leƴƴi jeetati e nder njuɓɓudi ndii. Maayo Olifants toowngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi teeŋtude ɗi ƴiye mawɗe (Pseudobarbus serra) hoɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Impson, D.; Van der Walt, R.; Jordaan, M. (2017). &quot;Pseudobarbus serra&quot;. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T2569A100148283. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T2569A100148283.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Ooɗoo ñawu nokkuyankeewu, IUCN renndini ɗum ko e «Endangered». E oo sahaa ina famɗi no feewi haa nde waawataa warde walla nanngeede ; ko leñol juutngol nguurndam, leelngol, ina sokli duuɓi keewɗi ngam mawnude tawa ustaani kono ina yettoo mawɗo fotde 40 cm caggal duuɓi sappo. CapeNature waɗii jarribooji ngam huutoraade ɗum ngam ndema ndiyam walla liɗɗi, kono ɗuum ina ɗaɓɓi reende ekosistem maayo ɓurngo moƴƴude. Ɓoornugol Clanwilliam (&quot;P.&quot; calidus)&lt;ref&gt;Van der Walt, R.; Jordaan, M.; Impson, D. (2017). &quot;Pseudobarbus calidus&quot;. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T2562A100139530. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T2562A100139530.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; ko leñol goɗngol kulɓiniingol, ngol sariya reeni, tawaangol e maayo Olifants; ko ɗum ɓuri&lt;ref&gt;Impson &amp; Swartz (2007ab)&lt;/ref&gt;

Liɗɗi daneeji (Labeobarbus seeberi) ko sippirin mawɗo goɗɗo e nder ndeeɗoo weeyo, gonɗo e diiwaan Kap hirnaange. Nde waɗii won e golle jibinannde cappanɗe tati, tee restoraaji mayre ina ɓuri moƴƴude. Kono ina gasa tawa nde majjii e maayo Olifants, ko famɗi fof nde majjii ko hakkunde maayo Olifants e baraas Clanwilliam.[6] So tawii ko ɗum naatnetee, laaɓaani, sibu mawɓe sawfin e Clanwilliam yellowfish ina gasa tawa ko ƴaañooɓe ekolosii, kadi haa nde maayo Olifants artiri no feewi ekolosii kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe mbaawataa ƴellitaade e sahaa gooto.[7]

Maayo Olifants ina maantiniri keerol worgo galaksiiji Kap (Galaxias zebratus), ko liɗɗi Afrik worgo renndini nokkuuji gooti e liɗɗi mborosaaji naatnaaɗi, ina nguuri e nokku hakkunde Olifants e maayo Keurbooms. Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina keewi no feewi, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en potɗi haɓaade ɗii ngaddani ɗum en majjude.[8] Leƴƴi goɗɗi keɓaaɗi e nder maayo Olifants ina mbaɗi ƴiye boɗeeje maayo Twee, (Pseudobarbus erubescens), ƴiye boɗeeje yiite (Pseudobarbus phlegethon), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye ƴiye kaaƴe (Austroglanis gilli), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye (Clanwilliam see Clanwilliam).

Ko ɓuri bonde e kulhuli nguurndam e nder weeyo maayo ngoo, ina gasa tawa ko ƴiye tokoose (Micropterus dolomieu). Ko adii fof ko ngam liggaade dingiral, nde wonti huunde bonnde e ustude keɓe liɗɗi goɗɗi. Mumtugol maggol ina hirjinee e nder porogaraam « Cape Action pour les peuples et l'environnement ».

Kuutoragol ngol wonaa biyoloji ko ɓuri heewde ko ittugol ndiyam maayo ngam ustude, e ɓuuɓri tookeeri ummoraade e ndema (haa teeŋti e agrumes). Ɗee ina keewi aawde haa e daande maayo, tawa ɗe ngoppaani leɗɗe keewɗe ngam filtinde mborosaaji e mborosaaji e dartinde mborosaaji, ɗum noon ina addana maayo ngoo e leydi ndema saraaji mum fof ustaade.[9]

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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'''Maayo Olifants''' (e Afriknaaɓe: Olifantsrivier) ko maayo wonngo e nokku hirnaange worgo leydi Afrik worgo. Nokku toowɗo e mawɗo maayo Olifants woni ko e saraaji Ceres e koɗli Cederberg. Baraaji Clanwilliam e Bulshoek ina tawee e maayo ngoo, ina ndokka ndiyam gure e gese saraaji maayo ngoo. Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e 285 km, njaajeendi mum ko 46 220 km2. Nde ummotoo ko e maayo Atlantik to Papendorp, 250 km to fuɗnaange wuro Kap.

== Koɗorɗe ndiyam ==
Maayo Olifants ina ummoo e koɗli Winterhoek to fuɗnaange Ceres. Njuuteeki ɓoggol mawngol ngol ko hedde 265 km. Maayo ngoo ina ilna bannge worgo-fuɗnaange rewrude e falnde luggiɗnde, ɓuuɓnde, nde yaaji, nde ɓuuɓtoo, nde wonta weendu jaajndu les Clanwilliam.

Maayo ngoo haa jooni ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec Atlantik sara Papendorp. To hunnduko maayo Olifants feccii ko e duunde ina hollira mbaydiiji kaaƴe teskinɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Cornel Truter, West Coast tourist guide, University of Cape Town Press, ISBN 9781919713243&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tributeeruuji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo maggo ko maayo Doring, ngo wayli innde makko e Melkboom/Oudrif hade maggo naatde e Olifant en. Laabi gonɗi e fuɗnaange ɗii, ko wayi no maayo Thee, maayo Noordhoek, maayo Boontjies, maayo Rondegat e maayo Jan Dissels, ina keewi wonde ko duumotooɗo, so wonaa maayo Sout. Ɗeen ummotooɗe bannge worgo, ko wayi no maayo Ratel, maayo Elandskloof e maayo Seekoeivlei ɓuri famɗude e yontaaji, ɗe mballaani no feewi e doggol e nder njuɓɓudi ndii.&lt;ref&gt;Olifants/Doorn WMA 17&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraaji e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi maayo Olifants :

* Baraas Clanwilliam, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 127 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,5×109 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)
* Baraas Bulshoek, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 7 500 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (260 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)

Wurooji mawɗi les ɓuuɓol maayo Olifants/Doring ina mbaɗi Lutzville, Vredendal e Vanrhynsdorp tawaaɗi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi les ɗii e Clanwilliam e Citrusdal e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi hakkundeeji ɗii.

== Ekoloji ==
Endemism e nder maayooji Olifants/Doring ina heewi no feewi wonande Afrik worgo, ina waɗi leƴƴi jeetati e nder njuɓɓudi ndii. Maayo Olifants toowngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi teeŋtude ɗi ƴiye mawɗe (Pseudobarbus serra) hoɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Impson, D.; Van der Walt, R.; Jordaan, M. (2017). &quot;Pseudobarbus serra&quot;. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T2569A100148283. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T2569A100148283.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Ooɗoo ñawu nokkuyankeewu, IUCN renndini ɗum ko e «Endangered». E oo sahaa ina famɗi no feewi haa nde waawataa warde walla nanngeede ; ko leñol juutngol nguurndam, leelngol, ina sokli duuɓi keewɗi ngam mawnude tawa ustaani kono ina yettoo mawɗo fotde 40 cm caggal duuɓi sappo. CapeNature waɗii jarribooji ngam huutoraade ɗum ngam ndema ndiyam walla liɗɗi, kono ɗuum ina ɗaɓɓi reende ekosistem maayo ɓurngo moƴƴude. Ɓoornugol Clanwilliam (&quot;P.&quot; calidus)&lt;ref&gt;Van der Walt, R.; Jordaan, M.; Impson, D. (2017). &quot;Pseudobarbus calidus&quot;. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T2562A100139530. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T2562A100139530.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; ko leñol goɗngol kulɓiniingol, ngol sariya reeni, tawaangol e maayo Olifants; ko ɗum ɓuri&lt;ref&gt;Impson &amp; Swartz (2007ab)&lt;/ref&gt;

Liɗɗi daneeji (Labeobarbus seeberi) ko sippirin mawɗo goɗɗo e nder ndeeɗoo weeyo, gonɗo e diiwaan Kap hirnaange. Nde waɗii won e golle jibinannde cappanɗe tati, tee restoraaji mayre ina ɓuri moƴƴude. Kono ina gasa tawa nde majjii e maayo Olifants, ko famɗi fof nde majjii ko hakkunde maayo Olifants e baraas Clanwilliam.&lt;ref&gt;Impson &amp; Swartz (2007ab)&lt;/ref&gt; So tawii ko ɗum naatnetee, laaɓaani, sibu mawɓe sawfin e Clanwilliam yellowfish ina gasa tawa ko ƴaañooɓe ekolosii, kadi haa nde maayo Olifants artiri no feewi ekolosii kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe mbaawataa ƴellitaade e sahaa gooto.[7]

Maayo Olifants ina maantiniri keerol worgo galaksiiji Kap (Galaxias zebratus), ko liɗɗi Afrik worgo renndini nokkuuji gooti e liɗɗi mborosaaji naatnaaɗi, ina nguuri e nokku hakkunde Olifants e maayo Keurbooms. Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina keewi no feewi, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en potɗi haɓaade ɗii ngaddani ɗum en majjude.[8] Leƴƴi goɗɗi keɓaaɗi e nder maayo Olifants ina mbaɗi ƴiye boɗeeje maayo Twee, (Pseudobarbus erubescens), ƴiye boɗeeje yiite (Pseudobarbus phlegethon), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye ƴiye kaaƴe (Austroglanis gilli), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye (Clanwilliam see Clanwilliam).

Ko ɓuri bonde e kulhuli nguurndam e nder weeyo maayo ngoo, ina gasa tawa ko ƴiye tokoose (Micropterus dolomieu). Ko adii fof ko ngam liggaade dingiral, nde wonti huunde bonnde e ustude keɓe liɗɗi goɗɗi. Mumtugol maggol ina hirjinee e nder porogaraam « Cape Action pour les peuples et l'environnement ».

Kuutoragol ngol wonaa biyoloji ko ɓuri heewde ko ittugol ndiyam maayo ngam ustude, e ɓuuɓri tookeeri ummoraade e ndema (haa teeŋti e agrumes). Ɗee ina keewi aawde haa e daande maayo, tawa ɗe ngoppaani leɗɗe keewɗe ngam filtinde mborosaaji e mborosaaji e dartinde mborosaaji, ɗum noon ina addana maayo ngoo e leydi ndema saraaji mum fof ustaade.[9]

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'''Maayo Olifants''' (e Afriknaaɓe: Olifantsrivier) ko maayo wonngo e nokku hirnaange worgo leydi Afrik worgo. Nokku toowɗo e mawɗo maayo Olifants woni ko e saraaji Ceres e koɗli Cederberg. Baraaji Clanwilliam e Bulshoek ina tawee e maayo ngoo, ina ndokka ndiyam gure e gese saraaji maayo ngoo. Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e 285 km, njaajeendi mum ko 46 220 km2. Nde ummotoo ko e maayo Atlantik to Papendorp, 250 km to fuɗnaange wuro Kap.

== Koɗorɗe ndiyam ==
Maayo Olifants ina ummoo e koɗli Winterhoek to fuɗnaange Ceres. Njuuteeki ɓoggol mawngol ngol ko hedde 265 km. Maayo ngoo ina ilna bannge worgo-fuɗnaange rewrude e falnde luggiɗnde, ɓuuɓnde, nde yaaji, nde ɓuuɓtoo, nde wonta weendu jaajndu les Clanwilliam.

Maayo ngoo haa jooni ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec Atlantik sara Papendorp. To hunnduko maayo Olifants feccii ko e duunde ina hollira mbaydiiji kaaƴe teskinɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Cornel Truter, West Coast tourist guide, University of Cape Town Press, ISBN 9781919713243&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tributeeruuji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo maggo ko maayo Doring, ngo wayli innde makko e Melkboom/Oudrif hade maggo naatde e Olifant en. Laabi gonɗi e fuɗnaange ɗii, ko wayi no maayo Thee, maayo Noordhoek, maayo Boontjies, maayo Rondegat e maayo Jan Dissels, ina keewi wonde ko duumotooɗo, so wonaa maayo Sout. Ɗeen ummotooɗe bannge worgo, ko wayi no maayo Ratel, maayo Elandskloof e maayo Seekoeivlei ɓuri famɗude e yontaaji, ɗe mballaani no feewi e doggol e nder njuɓɓudi ndii.&lt;ref&gt;Olifants/Doorn WMA 17&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraaji e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi maayo Olifants :

* Baraas Clanwilliam, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 127 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,5×109 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)
* Baraas Bulshoek, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 7 500 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (260 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)

Wurooji mawɗi les ɓuuɓol maayo Olifants/Doring ina mbaɗi Lutzville, Vredendal e Vanrhynsdorp tawaaɗi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi les ɗii e Clanwilliam e Citrusdal e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi hakkundeeji ɗii.

== Ekoloji ==
Endemism e nder maayooji Olifants/Doring ina heewi no feewi wonande Afrik worgo, ina waɗi leƴƴi jeetati e nder njuɓɓudi ndii. Maayo Olifants toowngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi teeŋtude ɗi ƴiye mawɗe (Pseudobarbus serra) hoɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Impson, D.; Van der Walt, R.; Jordaan, M. (2017). &quot;Pseudobarbus serra&quot;. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T2569A100148283. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T2569A100148283.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Ooɗoo ñawu nokkuyankeewu, IUCN renndini ɗum ko e «Endangered». E oo sahaa ina famɗi no feewi haa nde waawataa warde walla nanngeede ; ko leñol juutngol nguurndam, leelngol, ina sokli duuɓi keewɗi ngam mawnude tawa ustaani kono ina yettoo mawɗo fotde 40 cm caggal duuɓi sappo. CapeNature waɗii jarribooji ngam huutoraade ɗum ngam ndema ndiyam walla liɗɗi, kono ɗuum ina ɗaɓɓi reende ekosistem maayo ɓurngo moƴƴude. Ɓoornugol Clanwilliam (&quot;P.&quot; calidus)&lt;ref&gt;Van der Walt, R.; Jordaan, M.; Impson, D. (2017). &quot;Pseudobarbus calidus&quot;. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T2562A100139530. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T2562A100139530.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; ko leñol goɗngol kulɓiniingol, ngol sariya reeni, tawaangol e maayo Olifants; ko ɗum ɓuri&lt;ref&gt;Impson &amp; Swartz (2007ab)&lt;/ref&gt;

Liɗɗi daneeji (Labeobarbus seeberi) ko sippirin mawɗo goɗɗo e nder ndeeɗoo weeyo, gonɗo e diiwaan Kap hirnaange. Nde waɗii won e golle jibinannde cappanɗe tati, tee restoraaji mayre ina ɓuri moƴƴude. Kono ina gasa tawa nde majjii e maayo Olifants, ko famɗi fof nde majjii ko hakkunde maayo Olifants e baraas Clanwilliam.&lt;ref&gt;Impson, D.; Van der Walt, R.; Jordaan, M. (2017). &quot;Labeobarbus seeberi&quot;. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T63290A100163027. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T63290A100163027.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; So tawii ko ɗum naatnetee, laaɓaani, sibu mawɓe sawfin e Clanwilliam yellowfish ina gasa tawa ko ƴaañooɓe ekolosii, kadi haa nde maayo Olifants artiri no feewi ekolosii kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe mbaawataa ƴellitaade e sahaa gooto.[7]

Maayo Olifants ina maantiniri keerol worgo galaksiiji Kap (Galaxias zebratus), ko liɗɗi Afrik worgo renndini nokkuuji gooti e liɗɗi mborosaaji naatnaaɗi, ina nguuri e nokku hakkunde Olifants e maayo Keurbooms. Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina keewi no feewi, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en potɗi haɓaade ɗii ngaddani ɗum en majjude.[8] Leƴƴi goɗɗi keɓaaɗi e nder maayo Olifants ina mbaɗi ƴiye boɗeeje maayo Twee, (Pseudobarbus erubescens), ƴiye boɗeeje yiite (Pseudobarbus phlegethon), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye ƴiye kaaƴe (Austroglanis gilli), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye (Clanwilliam see Clanwilliam).

Ko ɓuri bonde e kulhuli nguurndam e nder weeyo maayo ngoo, ina gasa tawa ko ƴiye tokoose (Micropterus dolomieu). Ko adii fof ko ngam liggaade dingiral, nde wonti huunde bonnde e ustude keɓe liɗɗi goɗɗi. Mumtugol maggol ina hirjinee e nder porogaraam « Cape Action pour les peuples et l'environnement ».

Kuutoragol ngol wonaa biyoloji ko ɓuri heewde ko ittugol ndiyam maayo ngam ustude, e ɓuuɓri tookeeri ummoraade e ndema (haa teeŋti e agrumes). Ɗee ina keewi aawde haa e daande maayo, tawa ɗe ngoppaani leɗɗe keewɗe ngam filtinde mborosaaji e mborosaaji e dartinde mborosaaji, ɗum noon ina addana maayo ngoo e leydi ndema saraaji mum fof ustaade.[9]

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'''Maayo Olifants''' (e Afriknaaɓe: Olifantsrivier) ko maayo wonngo e nokku hirnaange worgo leydi Afrik worgo. Nokku toowɗo e mawɗo maayo Olifants woni ko e saraaji Ceres e koɗli Cederberg. Baraaji Clanwilliam e Bulshoek ina tawee e maayo ngoo, ina ndokka ndiyam gure e gese saraaji maayo ngoo. Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e 285 km, njaajeendi mum ko 46 220 km2. Nde ummotoo ko e maayo Atlantik to Papendorp, 250 km to fuɗnaange wuro Kap.

== Koɗorɗe ndiyam ==
Maayo Olifants ina ummoo e koɗli Winterhoek to fuɗnaange Ceres. Njuuteeki ɓoggol mawngol ngol ko hedde 265 km. Maayo ngoo ina ilna bannge worgo-fuɗnaange rewrude e falnde luggiɗnde, ɓuuɓnde, nde yaaji, nde ɓuuɓtoo, nde wonta weendu jaajndu les Clanwilliam.

Maayo ngoo haa jooni ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec Atlantik sara Papendorp. To hunnduko maayo Olifants feccii ko e duunde ina hollira mbaydiiji kaaƴe teskinɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Cornel Truter, West Coast tourist guide, University of Cape Town Press, ISBN 9781919713243&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tributeeruuji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo maggo ko maayo Doring, ngo wayli innde makko e Melkboom/Oudrif hade maggo naatde e Olifant en. Laabi gonɗi e fuɗnaange ɗii, ko wayi no maayo Thee, maayo Noordhoek, maayo Boontjies, maayo Rondegat e maayo Jan Dissels, ina keewi wonde ko duumotooɗo, so wonaa maayo Sout. Ɗeen ummotooɗe bannge worgo, ko wayi no maayo Ratel, maayo Elandskloof e maayo Seekoeivlei ɓuri famɗude e yontaaji, ɗe mballaani no feewi e doggol e nder njuɓɓudi ndii.&lt;ref&gt;Olifants/Doorn WMA 17&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraaji e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi maayo Olifants :

* Baraas Clanwilliam, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 127 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,5×109 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)
* Baraas Bulshoek, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 7 500 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (260 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)

Wurooji mawɗi les ɓuuɓol maayo Olifants/Doring ina mbaɗi Lutzville, Vredendal e Vanrhynsdorp tawaaɗi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi les ɗii e Clanwilliam e Citrusdal e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi hakkundeeji ɗii.

== Ekoloji ==
Endemism e nder maayooji Olifants/Doring ina heewi no feewi wonande Afrik worgo, ina waɗi leƴƴi jeetati e nder njuɓɓudi ndii. Maayo Olifants toowngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi teeŋtude ɗi ƴiye mawɗe (Pseudobarbus serra) hoɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Impson, D.; Van der Walt, R.; Jordaan, M. (2017). &quot;Pseudobarbus serra&quot;. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T2569A100148283. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T2569A100148283.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Ooɗoo ñawu nokkuyankeewu, IUCN renndini ɗum ko e «Endangered». E oo sahaa ina famɗi no feewi haa nde waawataa warde walla nanngeede ; ko leñol juutngol nguurndam, leelngol, ina sokli duuɓi keewɗi ngam mawnude tawa ustaani kono ina yettoo mawɗo fotde 40 cm caggal duuɓi sappo. CapeNature waɗii jarribooji ngam huutoraade ɗum ngam ndema ndiyam walla liɗɗi, kono ɗuum ina ɗaɓɓi reende ekosistem maayo ɓurngo moƴƴude. Ɓoornugol Clanwilliam (&quot;P.&quot; calidus)&lt;ref&gt;Van der Walt, R.; Jordaan, M.; Impson, D. (2017). &quot;Pseudobarbus calidus&quot;. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T2562A100139530. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T2562A100139530.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; ko leñol goɗngol kulɓiniingol, ngol sariya reeni, tawaangol e maayo Olifants; ko ɗum ɓuri&lt;ref&gt;Impson &amp; Swartz (2007ab)&lt;/ref&gt;

Liɗɗi daneeji (Labeobarbus seeberi) ko sippirin mawɗo goɗɗo e nder ndeeɗoo weeyo, gonɗo e diiwaan Kap hirnaange. Nde waɗii won e golle jibinannde cappanɗe tati, tee restoraaji mayre ina ɓuri moƴƴude. Kono ina gasa tawa nde majjii e maayo Olifants, ko famɗi fof nde majjii ko hakkunde maayo Olifants e baraas Clanwilliam.&lt;ref&gt;Impson, D.; Van der Walt, R.; Jordaan, M. (2017). &quot;Labeobarbus seeberi&quot;. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T63290A100163027. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T63290A100163027.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; So tawii ko ɗum naatnetee, laaɓaani, sibu mawɓe sawfin e Clanwilliam yellowfish ina gasa tawa ko ƴaañooɓe ekolosii, kadi haa nde maayo Olifants artiri no feewi ekolosii kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe mbaawataa ƴellitaade e sahaa gooto.&lt;ref&gt;Impson &amp; Swartz (2007b)&lt;/ref&gt;

Maayo Olifants ina maantiniri keerol worgo galaksiiji Kap (Galaxias zebratus), ko liɗɗi Afrik worgo renndini nokkuuji gooti e liɗɗi mborosaaji naatnaaɗi, ina nguuri e nokku hakkunde Olifants e maayo Keurbooms. Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina keewi no feewi, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en potɗi haɓaade ɗii ngaddani ɗum en majjude.[8] Leƴƴi goɗɗi keɓaaɗi e nder maayo Olifants ina mbaɗi ƴiye boɗeeje maayo Twee, (Pseudobarbus erubescens), ƴiye boɗeeje yiite (Pseudobarbus phlegethon), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye ƴiye kaaƴe (Austroglanis gilli), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye (Clanwilliam see Clanwilliam).

Ko ɓuri bonde e kulhuli nguurndam e nder weeyo maayo ngoo, ina gasa tawa ko ƴiye tokoose (Micropterus dolomieu). Ko adii fof ko ngam liggaade dingiral, nde wonti huunde bonnde e ustude keɓe liɗɗi goɗɗi. Mumtugol maggol ina hirjinee e nder porogaraam « Cape Action pour les peuples et l'environnement ».

Kuutoragol ngol wonaa biyoloji ko ɓuri heewde ko ittugol ndiyam maayo ngam ustude, e ɓuuɓri tookeeri ummoraade e ndema (haa teeŋti e agrumes). Ɗee ina keewi aawde haa e daande maayo, tawa ɗe ngoppaani leɗɗe keewɗe ngam filtinde mborosaaji e mborosaaji e dartinde mborosaaji, ɗum noon ina addana maayo ngoo e leydi ndema saraaji mum fof ustaade.[9]

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'''Maayo Olifants''' (e Afriknaaɓe: Olifantsrivier) ko maayo wonngo e nokku hirnaange worgo leydi Afrik worgo. Nokku toowɗo e mawɗo maayo Olifants woni ko e saraaji Ceres e koɗli Cederberg. Baraaji Clanwilliam e Bulshoek ina tawee e maayo ngoo, ina ndokka ndiyam gure e gese saraaji maayo ngoo. Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e 285 km, njaajeendi mum ko 46 220 km2. Nde ummotoo ko e maayo Atlantik to Papendorp, 250 km to fuɗnaange wuro Kap.

== Koɗorɗe ndiyam ==
Maayo Olifants ina ummoo e koɗli Winterhoek to fuɗnaange Ceres. Njuuteeki ɓoggol mawngol ngol ko hedde 265 km. Maayo ngoo ina ilna bannge worgo-fuɗnaange rewrude e falnde luggiɗnde, ɓuuɓnde, nde yaaji, nde ɓuuɓtoo, nde wonta weendu jaajndu les Clanwilliam.

Maayo ngoo haa jooni ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec Atlantik sara Papendorp. To hunnduko maayo Olifants feccii ko e duunde ina hollira mbaydiiji kaaƴe teskinɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Cornel Truter, West Coast tourist guide, University of Cape Town Press, ISBN 9781919713243&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tributeeruuji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo maggo ko maayo Doring, ngo wayli innde makko e Melkboom/Oudrif hade maggo naatde e Olifant en. Laabi gonɗi e fuɗnaange ɗii, ko wayi no maayo Thee, maayo Noordhoek, maayo Boontjies, maayo Rondegat e maayo Jan Dissels, ina keewi wonde ko duumotooɗo, so wonaa maayo Sout. Ɗeen ummotooɗe bannge worgo, ko wayi no maayo Ratel, maayo Elandskloof e maayo Seekoeivlei ɓuri famɗude e yontaaji, ɗe mballaani no feewi e doggol e nder njuɓɓudi ndii.&lt;ref&gt;Olifants/Doorn WMA 17&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraaji e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi maayo Olifants :

* Baraas Clanwilliam, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 127 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,5×109 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)
* Baraas Bulshoek, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 7 500 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (260 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)

Wurooji mawɗi les ɓuuɓol maayo Olifants/Doring ina mbaɗi Lutzville, Vredendal e Vanrhynsdorp tawaaɗi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi les ɗii e Clanwilliam e Citrusdal e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi hakkundeeji ɗii.

== Ekoloji ==
Endemism e nder maayooji Olifants/Doring ina heewi no feewi wonande Afrik worgo, ina waɗi leƴƴi jeetati e nder njuɓɓudi ndii. Maayo Olifants toowngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi teeŋtude ɗi ƴiye mawɗe (Pseudobarbus serra) hoɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Impson, D.; Van der Walt, R.; Jordaan, M. (2017). &quot;Pseudobarbus serra&quot;. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T2569A100148283. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T2569A100148283.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Ooɗoo ñawu nokkuyankeewu, IUCN renndini ɗum ko e «Endangered». E oo sahaa ina famɗi no feewi haa nde waawataa warde walla nanngeede ; ko leñol juutngol nguurndam, leelngol, ina sokli duuɓi keewɗi ngam mawnude tawa ustaani kono ina yettoo mawɗo fotde 40 cm caggal duuɓi sappo. CapeNature waɗii jarribooji ngam huutoraade ɗum ngam ndema ndiyam walla liɗɗi, kono ɗuum ina ɗaɓɓi reende ekosistem maayo ɓurngo moƴƴude. Ɓoornugol Clanwilliam (&quot;P.&quot; calidus)&lt;ref&gt;Van der Walt, R.; Jordaan, M.; Impson, D. (2017). &quot;Pseudobarbus calidus&quot;. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T2562A100139530. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T2562A100139530.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; ko leñol goɗngol kulɓiniingol, ngol sariya reeni, tawaangol e maayo Olifants; ko ɗum ɓuri&lt;ref&gt;Impson &amp; Swartz (2007ab)&lt;/ref&gt;

Liɗɗi daneeji (Labeobarbus seeberi) ko sippirin mawɗo goɗɗo e nder ndeeɗoo weeyo, gonɗo e diiwaan Kap hirnaange. Nde waɗii won e golle jibinannde cappanɗe tati, tee restoraaji mayre ina ɓuri moƴƴude. Kono ina gasa tawa nde majjii e maayo Olifants, ko famɗi fof nde majjii ko hakkunde maayo Olifants e baraas Clanwilliam.&lt;ref&gt;Impson, D.; Van der Walt, R.; Jordaan, M. (2017). &quot;Labeobarbus seeberi&quot;. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T63290A100163027. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T63290A100163027.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; So tawii ko ɗum naatnetee, laaɓaani, sibu mawɓe sawfin e Clanwilliam yellowfish ina gasa tawa ko ƴaañooɓe ekolosii, kadi haa nde maayo Olifants artiri no feewi ekolosii kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe mbaawataa ƴellitaade e sahaa gooto.&lt;ref&gt;Impson &amp; Swartz (2007b)&lt;/ref&gt;

Maayo Olifants ina maantiniri keerol worgo galaksiiji Kap (Galaxias zebratus), ko liɗɗi Afrik worgo renndini nokkuuji gooti e liɗɗi mborosaaji naatnaaɗi, ina nguuri e nokku hakkunde Olifants e maayo Keurbooms. Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina keewi no feewi, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en potɗi haɓaade ɗii ngaddani ɗum en majjude.&lt;ref&gt;Albany Museum - Freshwater Ichthyology&lt;/ref&gt; Leƴƴi goɗɗi keɓaaɗi e nder maayo Olifants ina mbaɗi ƴiye boɗeeje maayo Twee, (Pseudobarbus erubescens), ƴiye boɗeeje yiite (Pseudobarbus phlegethon), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye ƴiye kaaƴe (Austroglanis gilli), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye (Clanwilliam see Clanwilliam).

Ko ɓuri bonde e kulhuli nguurndam e nder weeyo maayo ngoo, ina gasa tawa ko ƴiye tokoose (Micropterus dolomieu). Ko adii fof ko ngam liggaade dingiral, nde wonti huunde bonnde e ustude keɓe liɗɗi goɗɗi. Mumtugol maggol ina hirjinee e nder porogaraam «Cape Action pour les peuples et l'environnement».

Kuutoragol ngol wonaa biyoloji ko ɓuri heewde ko ittugol ndiyam maayo ngam ustude, e ɓuuɓri tookeeri ummoraade e ndema (haa teeŋti e agrumes). Ɗee ina keewi aawde haa e daande maayo, tawa ɗe ngoppaani leɗɗe keewɗe ngam filtinde mborosaaji e mborosaaji e dartinde mborosaaji, ɗum noon ina addana maayo ngoo e leydi ndema saraaji mum fof ustaade.[9]

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'''Maayo Olifants''' (e Afriknaaɓe: Olifantsrivier) ko maayo wonngo e nokku hirnaange worgo leydi Afrik worgo. Nokku toowɗo e mawɗo maayo Olifants woni ko e saraaji Ceres e koɗli Cederberg. Baraaji Clanwilliam e Bulshoek ina tawee e maayo ngoo, ina ndokka ndiyam gure e gese saraaji maayo ngoo. Maayo ngoo ina tolnoo e 285 km, njaajeendi mum ko 46 220 km2. Nde ummotoo ko e maayo Atlantik to Papendorp, 250 km to fuɗnaange wuro Kap.

== Koɗorɗe ndiyam ==
Maayo Olifants ina ummoo e koɗli Winterhoek to fuɗnaange Ceres. Njuuteeki ɓoggol mawngol ngol ko hedde 265 km. Maayo ngoo ina ilna bannge worgo-fuɗnaange rewrude e falnde luggiɗnde, ɓuuɓnde, nde yaaji, nde ɓuuɓtoo, nde wonta weendu jaajndu les Clanwilliam.

Maayo ngoo haa jooni ina ɓuuɓtoo e nder geec Atlantik sara Papendorp. To hunnduko maayo Olifants feccii ko e duunde ina hollira mbaydiiji kaaƴe teskinɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Cornel Truter, West Coast tourist guide, University of Cape Town Press, ISBN 9781919713243&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tributeeruuji ==
Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo maggo ko maayo Doring, ngo wayli innde makko e Melkboom/Oudrif hade maggo naatde e Olifant en. Laabi gonɗi e fuɗnaange ɗii, ko wayi no maayo Thee, maayo Noordhoek, maayo Boontjies, maayo Rondegat e maayo Jan Dissels, ina keewi wonde ko duumotooɗo, so wonaa maayo Sout. Ɗeen ummotooɗe bannge worgo, ko wayi no maayo Ratel, maayo Elandskloof e maayo Seekoeivlei ɓuri famɗude e yontaaji, ɗe mballaani no feewi e doggol e nder njuɓɓudi ndii.&lt;ref&gt;Olifants/Doorn WMA 17&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baraasuuji ==
Baraaji e nder nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi maayo Olifants :

* Baraas Clanwilliam, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 127 000 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (4,5×109 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)
* Baraas Bulshoek, mo mbaawka mum tolnii e 7 500 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (260 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)

Wurooji mawɗi les ɓuuɓol maayo Olifants/Doring ina mbaɗi Lutzville, Vredendal e Vanrhynsdorp tawaaɗi e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi les ɗii e Clanwilliam e Citrusdal e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi hakkundeeji ɗii.

== Ekoloji ==
Endemism e nder maayooji Olifants/Doring ina heewi no feewi wonande Afrik worgo, ina waɗi leƴƴi jeetati e nder njuɓɓudi ndii. Maayo Olifants toowngo ina jeyaa e nokkuuji ɓurɗi teeŋtude ɗi ƴiye mawɗe (Pseudobarbus serra) hoɗi.&lt;ref&gt;Impson, D.; Van der Walt, R.; Jordaan, M. (2017). &quot;Pseudobarbus serra&quot;. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T2569A100148283. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T2569A100148283.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Ooɗoo ñawu nokkuyankeewu, IUCN renndini ɗum ko e «Endangered». E oo sahaa ina famɗi no feewi haa nde waawataa warde walla nanngeede ; ko leñol juutngol nguurndam, leelngol, ina sokli duuɓi keewɗi ngam mawnude tawa ustaani kono ina yettoo mawɗo fotde 40 cm caggal duuɓi sappo. CapeNature waɗii jarribooji ngam huutoraade ɗum ngam ndema ndiyam walla liɗɗi, kono ɗuum ina ɗaɓɓi reende ekosistem maayo ɓurngo moƴƴude. Ɓoornugol Clanwilliam (&quot;P.&quot; calidus)&lt;ref&gt;Van der Walt, R.; Jordaan, M.; Impson, D. (2017). &quot;Pseudobarbus calidus&quot;. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T2562A100139530. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T2562A100139530.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; ko leñol goɗngol kulɓiniingol, ngol sariya reeni, tawaangol e maayo Olifants; ko ɗum ɓuri&lt;ref&gt;Impson &amp; Swartz (2007ab)&lt;/ref&gt;

Liɗɗi daneeji (Labeobarbus seeberi) ko sippirin mawɗo goɗɗo e nder ndeeɗoo weeyo, gonɗo e diiwaan Kap hirnaange. Nde waɗii won e golle jibinannde cappanɗe tati, tee restoraaji mayre ina ɓuri moƴƴude. Kono ina gasa tawa nde majjii e maayo Olifants, ko famɗi fof nde majjii ko hakkunde maayo Olifants e baraas Clanwilliam.&lt;ref&gt;Impson, D.; Van der Walt, R.; Jordaan, M. (2017). &quot;Labeobarbus seeberi&quot;. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T63290A100163027. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T63290A100163027.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; So tawii ko ɗum naatnetee, laaɓaani, sibu mawɓe sawfin e Clanwilliam yellowfish ina gasa tawa ko ƴaañooɓe ekolosii, kadi haa nde maayo Olifants artiri no feewi ekolosii kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe mbaawataa ƴellitaade e sahaa gooto.&lt;ref&gt;Impson &amp; Swartz (2007b)&lt;/ref&gt;

Maayo Olifants ina maantiniri keerol worgo galaksiiji Kap (Galaxias zebratus), ko liɗɗi Afrik worgo renndini nokkuuji gooti e liɗɗi mborosaaji naatnaaɗi, ina nguuri e nokku hakkunde Olifants e maayo Keurbooms. Hay so tawii e nder Afrik worgo, liɗɗi ɗii ina keewi no feewi, e nder Ostarali, leƴƴi gonɗi e mbaydi ngootiri ɗii, ko salmonid en potɗi haɓaade ɗii ngaddani ɗum en majjude.&lt;ref&gt;Albany Museum - Freshwater Ichthyology&lt;/ref&gt; Leƴƴi goɗɗi keɓaaɗi e nder maayo Olifants ina mbaɗi ƴiye boɗeeje maayo Twee, (Pseudobarbus erubescens), ƴiye boɗeeje yiite (Pseudobarbus phlegethon), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye, ƴiye ƴiye kaaƴe (Austroglanis gilli), ƴiye ƴiye ƴiye (Clanwilliam see Clanwilliam).

Ko ɓuri bonde e kulhuli nguurndam e nder weeyo maayo ngoo, ina gasa tawa ko ƴiye tokoose (Micropterus dolomieu). Ko adii fof ko ngam liggaade dingiral, nde wonti huunde bonnde e ustude keɓe liɗɗi goɗɗi. Mumtugol maggol ina hirjinee e nder porogaraam «Cape Action pour les peuples et l'environnement».

Kuutoragol ngol wonaa biyoloji ko ɓuri heewde ko ittugol ndiyam maayo ngam ustude, e ɓuuɓri tookeeri ummoraade e ndema (haa teeŋti e agrumes). Ɗee ina keewi aawde haa e daande maayo, tawa ɗe ngoppaani leɗɗe keewɗe ngam filtinde mborosaaji e mborosaaji e dartinde mborosaaji, ɗum noon ina addana maayo ngoo e leydi ndema saraaji mum fof ustaade.&lt;ref&gt;Impson &amp; Swartz (2007abc)&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Maayo Groot (Kap fuɗnaange)</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Maayo Groot''' ko maayo wonngo e nokku hirnaange leydi Afrik worgo. Ko ɓuuɓol ñaamo maayo Gourits.  == Yahde == Maayo Groot ina ummoo e ŋoral Komsberg to Karoo mawɗo,[1] fotde 40 km to fuɗnaange Sutherland e nder diiwaan Kap worgo, ina anndaa ko Komsberg e ŋoral mum toowngal. So ina ilna fuɗnaange-rewo ina wonta maayo Buffels. Ndeen nde ɓuuɓtii feewde fuɗnaange rewrude e Laingsburg, nde rewi ko adii fuɗnaange-rewo, nde rewi fuɗnaange-rewo e nder baraas Fl...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1396" sha1="4k6l0y13ir943pguh4ogwetthefsuuq" xml:space="preserve">'''Maayo Groot''' ko maayo wonngo e nokku hirnaange leydi Afrik worgo. Ko ɓuuɓol ñaamo maayo Gourits.

== Yahde ==
Maayo Groot ina ummoo e ŋoral Komsberg to Karoo mawɗo,[1] fotde 40 km to fuɗnaange Sutherland e nder diiwaan Kap worgo, ina anndaa ko Komsberg e ŋoral mum toowngal. So ina ilna fuɗnaange-rewo ina wonta maayo Buffels. Ndeen nde ɓuuɓtii feewde fuɗnaange rewrude e Laingsburg, nde rewi ko adii fuɗnaange-rewo, nde rewi fuɗnaange-rewo e nder baraas Floriskraal, nde rewi fuɗnaange-rewo, hade mayre ruttaade fuɗnaange kadi nde taƴa koye Klein Swartberg rewrude e Buffelspoort, ŋoral luggiɗngal, e nder Karoo tokooso.

Maayo ngoo, haa jooni, wontii maayo Groot to nokku ɗo maayo Buffels e maayo Klein-Swartberg kawri, fotde 50 km hade mum hawrude e maayo Touws, caggal ɗuum ngo rewi fuɗnaange, ngo rewi Van Wyksdorp, ngo fayi to ngo hawri e maayo Gourits.[2]

Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo maggo ko maayo Touws ummortoongo e dow koye maayo Hex, ngo rewata fuɗnaange rewrude e wuro ngo innde mum wootere, ngo rewata fuɗnaange haa e nder Karoo tokooso, ɗo ngo hawrata e daande maayo Groot.

== Baraaji e nder maayo Groot ==

* Baraas Floriskraal (caawgol mum ko 50 300 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (1,78×109 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo)),
* Baraas Bellair (caawgol mum ko 10 100 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (360 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)),
* Baraas Miertjieskraal

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'''Maayo Groot''' ko maayo wonngo e nokku hirnaange leydi Afrik worgo. Ko ɓuuɓol ñaamo maayo Gourits.

== Yahde ==
Maayo Groot ina ummoo e ŋoral Komsberg to Karoo mawɗo,[1] fotde 40 km to fuɗnaange Sutherland e nder diiwaan Kap worgo, ina anndaa ko Komsberg e ŋoral mum toowngal. So ina ilna fuɗnaange-rewo ina wonta maayo Buffels. Ndeen nde ɓuuɓtii feewde fuɗnaange rewrude e Laingsburg, nde rewi ko adii fuɗnaange-rewo, nde rewi fuɗnaange-rewo e nder baraas Floriskraal, nde rewi fuɗnaange-rewo, hade mayre ruttaade fuɗnaange kadi nde taƴa koye Klein Swartberg rewrude e Buffelspoort, ŋoral luggiɗngal, e nder Karoo tokooso.

Maayo ngoo, haa jooni, wontii maayo Groot to nokku ɗo maayo Buffels e maayo Klein-Swartberg kawri, fotde 50 km hade mum hawrude e maayo Touws, caggal ɗuum ngo rewi fuɗnaange, ngo rewi Van Wyksdorp, ngo fayi to ngo hawri e maayo Gourits.[2]

Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo maggo ko maayo Touws ummortoongo e dow koye maayo Hex, ngo rewata fuɗnaange rewrude e wuro ngo innde mum wootere, ngo rewata fuɗnaange haa e nder Karoo tokooso, ɗo ngo hawrata e daande maayo Groot.

== Baraaji e nder maayo Groot ==

* Baraas Floriskraal (caawgol mum ko 50 300 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (1,78×109 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo)),
* Baraas Bellair (caawgol mum ko 10 100 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (360 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)),
* Baraas Miertjieskraal

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'''Maayo Groot''' ko maayo wonngo e nokku hirnaange leydi Afrik worgo. Ko ɓuuɓol ñaamo maayo Gourits.

== Yahde ==
Maayo Groot ina ummoo e ŋoral Komsberg to Karoo mawɗo,&lt;ref&gt;Clark, V.R., Barker, N.P., &amp; Mucina, L. (2011). The Roggeveldberge – notes on a botanically hot area on a cold corner of the southern Great Escarpment, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 77: 112–126&lt;/ref&gt; fotde 40 km to fuɗnaange Sutherland e nder diiwaan Kap worgo, ina anndaa ko Komsberg e ŋoral mum toowngal. So ina ilna fuɗnaange-rewo ina wonta maayo Buffels. Ndeen nde ɓuuɓtii feewde fuɗnaange rewrude e Laingsburg, nde rewi ko adii fuɗnaange-rewo, nde rewi fuɗnaange-rewo e nder baraas Floriskraal, nde rewi fuɗnaange-rewo, hade mayre ruttaade fuɗnaange kadi nde taƴa koye Klein Swartberg rewrude e Buffelspoort, ŋoral luggiɗngal, e nder Karoo tokooso.

Maayo ngoo, haa jooni, wontii maayo Groot to nokku ɗo maayo Buffels e maayo Klein-Swartberg kawri, fotde 50 km hade mum hawrude e maayo Touws, caggal ɗuum ngo rewi fuɗnaange, ngo rewi Van Wyksdorp, ngo fayi to ngo hawri e maayo Gourits.[2]

Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo maggo ko maayo Touws ummortoongo e dow koye maayo Hex, ngo rewata fuɗnaange rewrude e wuro ngo innde mum wootere, ngo rewata fuɗnaange haa e nder Karoo tokooso, ɗo ngo hawrata e daande maayo Groot.

== Baraaji e nder maayo Groot ==

* Baraas Floriskraal (caawgol mum ko 50 300 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (1,78×109 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo)),
* Baraas Bellair (caawgol mum ko 10 100 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (360 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)),
* Baraas Miertjieskraal

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      <timestamp>2026-06-20T11:49:28Z</timestamp>
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        <id>11577</id>
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'''Maayo Groot''' ko maayo wonngo e nokku hirnaange leydi Afrik worgo. Ko ɓuuɓol ñaamo maayo Gourits.

== Yahde ==
Maayo Groot ina ummoo e ŋoral Komsberg to Karoo mawɗo,&lt;ref&gt;Clark, V.R., Barker, N.P., &amp; Mucina, L. (2011). The Roggeveldberge – notes on a botanically hot area on a cold corner of the southern Great Escarpment, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 77: 112–126&lt;/ref&gt; fotde 40 km to fuɗnaange Sutherland e nder diiwaan Kap worgo, ina anndaa ko Komsberg e ŋoral mum toowngal. So ina ilna fuɗnaange-rewo ina wonta maayo Buffels. Ndeen nde ɓuuɓtii feewde fuɗnaange rewrude e Laingsburg, nde rewi ko adii fuɗnaange-rewo, nde rewi fuɗnaange-rewo e nder baraas Floriskraal, nde rewi fuɗnaange-rewo, hade mayre ruttaade fuɗnaange kadi nde taƴa koye Klein Swartberg rewrude e Buffelspoort, ŋoral luggiɗngal, e nder Karoo tokooso.

Maayo ngoo, haa jooni, wontii maayo Groot to nokku ɗo maayo Buffels e maayo Klein-Swartberg kawri, fotde 50 km hade mum hawrude e maayo Touws, caggal ɗuum ngo rewi fuɗnaange, ngo rewi Van Wyksdorp, ngo fayi to ngo hawri e maayo Gourits.&lt;ref&gt;Gouritz WMA 16&lt;/ref&gt;

Ko ɓuri heewde e maayo maggo ko maayo Touws ummortoongo e dow koye maayo Hex, ngo rewata fuɗnaange rewrude e wuro ngo innde mum wootere, ngo rewata fuɗnaange haa e nder Karoo tokooso, ɗo ngo hawrata e daande maayo Groot.

== Baraaji e nder maayo Groot ==

* Baraas Floriskraal (caawgol mum ko 50 300 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (1,78×109 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo)),
* Baraas Bellair (caawgol mum ko 10 100 000 meeteer kuuɓtodinɗo (360 000 000 ft kuuɓtodinɗo)),
* Baraas Miertjieskraal

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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