Wikipedia fjwiki https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabana_levu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.15 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1029 38885 38682 2026-08-19T11:26:23Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox islands | name = Viti Levu<br />विटी लेव | image_name = Fiji map.png | image_caption = Map of Fiji showing Viti Levu (one of its major islands) | image_size = | map_image = LocationFiji.png | native_name = | native_name_link = | nickname = | location = [[Pacific Ocean]] | coordinates = {{Coord|17|48|S|178|0|E|type:isle_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | archipelago = [[Viti Levu Group]] | total_islands = | major_islands = | area_km2 = 10388 | rank = 75th | length_km = 146 | width_km = 106 | highest_mount = [[Mount Tomanivi|Tomanivi]] | elevation_m = 1324 | country = Fiji | country_admin_divisions_title = Division | country_admin_divisions = [[Western Division, Fiji|Western Division]] and [[Central Division, Fiji|Central Division]] | country_admin_divisions_title_1 = | country_admin_divisions_1 = | country_admin_divisions_title_2 = | country_admin_divisions_2 = | country_largest_city = [[Suva]] | country_largest_city_population = 93,970 | population = 740,000 | population_as_of = 2022 | density_km2 = 55.83 | ethnic_groups = [[Fijians|Native Fijians]] (54.3%), [[Indians in Fiji|Indo-Fijians]] (38.1%); other ([[Asian people|Asian]], [[Ethnic groups in Europe|Europeans]], other [[Pacific Islander]]) (7.6%) | additional_info = }} E dua '''Viti Levu''' (pronounced {{IPA-fj|ˈβitʃi ˈleβu|}}) sai koya na [[yanuyanu]] levu duadua ena loma ni vanua o [[Viti]], na vanua e tiko kina na mata ni matanitu, e [[Suva]], kei na itikotiko vei ira e vuqa sara na lewe levu ni iwiliwili nei Viti. == Jioloji == Fiji lies in a [[plate tectonics|tectonically complex area]] between the [[Australian Plate]] and the [[Pacific Plate]]. The Fiji Platform lies in a zone bordered with active extension fault lines around which most of the shallow earthquakes were centered. These fault lines are the Fiji Fracture Zone (FFZ) to the north, the [[Spreading ridge|176° Extension Zone]] (176°E EZ) to the west, and the Hunter Fracture Zone (HFZ) and Lau Ridge to the east.<ref name="Greenbaum">{{cite web|url=http://eird.org/deslizamientos/pdf/eng/doc8455/doc8455-2a.pdf|title=Landslide hazards in Fiji|last=Greenbaum|first=D.|author2=Bowker, M. R|author3=Dau, I|author4=Drospy, H|author5=Greally, K. B|author6=McDonald A. J. W|author7=Marsh, S. H|author8=Northmore, K. J|author9=O'Connor, E. A|author10=Prasad, R. S|author11=Tragheim, D. G.|last-author-amp=yes|year=1995|work=Technical Report WC/95/28 Rapid methods of landslide hazard mapping : Fiji case study|publisher=British Geological Survey|accessdate=23 March 2011}}</ref> The oldest rocks on the island consist of the [[Eocene]] to [[Lower Miocene]] Wainimala [[Group (geology)|Group]]. The Lower portion of the Group are composed of [[volcanic]] flows and volcanoclastics, which grade from [[basalt]] to [[trachyte]] and [[rhyolite]]. Geographically, this group is found south of [[Nadi]], including the peaks of Koromba (3528’) and Natambumgguto (1242’), down to [[Sigatoka]]. From Sigatoka, the Group extends almost all the way to Lodoni, and includes the peaks of Tuvutau (3060’) and Tikituru (3071’), while along the southern coast it extends almost to [[Nausori]]. The Group is [[intruded]] by the Tholo [[pluton|Plutonics]] consisting of similar age [[stock (geology)|stocks]] of [[tonalite]], [[granodiorite]], [[gabbro]] and [[diorite]]. [[Miocene|Mio]]-[[Pliocene]] [[sandstone]]s and [[marl]], grading into epiclastics and [[andesite|andesitic]] volcanics of the Suva Group are found mainly in the river valleys such as those formed by the [[Nadi River]] and [[Navua River]]. The Plio-[[Pleistocene]] Mba Grouop is found on the northern portion of the island and consists of [[porphyritic]] basalt flows and volcanoclastics grading into [[greywacke]]. Geographically it includes the peaks of Koroyanitu (3921’), Malua (3294’), Monavatu (3708’), [[Mount Tomanivi]] (4341’), and Ndelamendamu (2540’), and extends along the eastern coast almost to Nausori. It also includes the Emperor Mine near [[Vatukoula]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Provisional Geologic Map of Fiji |date=1965 |publisher=Fiji Geological Survey |location=Suva}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rodda |first1=P. |title=Outline of the geology of Viti Levu |url=https://archive.org/details/new-zealand-journal-of-geology-and-geophysics_1967-11_10_5/page/1260 |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |date=1967 |volume=10 |issue=5 |pages=1260–1273 |doi=10.1080/00288306.1967.10420217|doi-access=free }}</ref> == Geography and economy == [[File:Vitilevu topo.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Topography of Viti Levu island.]] Viti Levu is the largest island in the nation, home to 70% of the population (about 600,000), and is the hub of the entire Fijian archipelago. It measures {{convert|146|km}} long and {{convert|106|km}} wide, and has an area of {{convert|10389|km²}}. [[1953 Suva earthquake|Earthquakes]] and volcanic eruptions account for the somewhat rugged terrain of the island, which is divided into roughly equal halves by a north-south mountain range. The centre of the island is forested and includes the nation's highest peak [[Mount Tomanivi]] (otherwise Mount Victoria) rising to {{convert|1324|m}}. The eastern side of the island experiences heavy rainfall, while the western side (colloquially called the "burning west") is noticeably drier in the range's [[rain shadow]]. Accordingly, [[sugar cane]] production thrives in the west, while a [[dairy]] industry is being built in the east. {{Citation needed|date=September 2016}} Fiji's biggest cattle ranch is at Yaqara, with 7000 head of cattle on its {{convert|70|km²|acre}}, located halfway between [[Tavua, Fiji|Tavua]] and [[Rakiraki District, Fiji|Rakiraki]]. The island is the only known home of one of the world's largest insects, the [[Giant Fijian long-horned beetle]]. == Localities == [[File:Korotogo.jpg|thumb|Korotogo beach, Coral Coast.]] [[File:Navala.jpg|thumb|The highland village of [[Navala]].]] Viti Levu hosts the capital city of [[Suva]], and is home to nearly three quarters of the population of the Republic (about 580,000). Other important towns, all around the coast, include [[Ba (town)|Ba]], [[Lautoka]], [[Nadi, Fiji|Nadi]], [[Nausori]], Rakiraki, and [[Sigatoka]]. One major road has been built around the perimeter of Viti Levu. Well-known localities include [[Natadola Beach]], [[Pacific Harbour]] (a resort center about 50 kilometers from Suva). == Politics == Eight of Fiji's fourteen [[Local government in Fiji|Provinces]] are in Viti Levu. The Provinces of [[Ba Province|Ba]], [[Nadroga-Navosa Province|Nadroga-Navosa]], and [[Ra Province|Ra]] comprise the [[Western Division, Fiji|Western Division]], while [[Naitasiri Province|Naitasiri]], [[Namosi Province|Namosi]], [[Rewa Province|Rewa]], [[Serua Province|Serua]], and [[Tailevu Province|Tailevu]] form the [[Central Division, Fiji|Central Division]]. In part because of its high concentration of [[Indians in Fiji|Indo-Fijians]], whose ancestors came mostly as indentured workers from [[India]] between 1879 and 1916, the political dynamics of western Viti Levu are somewhat different from those of eastern Viti Levu, where, apart from the multi-racial urban areas, [[Fijians|indigenous Fijians]] are more heavily concentrated. == History == Viti Levu is believed to have been inhabited longer than the northern island of [[Vanua Levu]]. According to oral traditions, the first [[Melanesia]]n settlers landed at [[Vuda Point]] and established [[Viseisei]], believed to be Fiji's oldest settlement, although archaeologists refute this claim. == Other == The Canadian entrepreneur [[Peter Munk]] named his [[Klosters]] house after the island, as Viti Levu was where he and [[David Gilmour (businessman)|David Gilmour]] started the [[Southern Pacific Hotel]] chain in the 1960s.<ref>"Peter Munk: A mining magnate nears the end of his golden reign" ERIC REGULY. [[The Globe and Mail]] 15 March 2014</ref> ==Veitikina== {{reflist}} {{commons|Viti Levu}} {{Viti Levu}} {{Islands of Fiji}} [[Category:Viti Levu]] [[Category:{{SIL|Islands of Fiji}}]] lypkmo15zult2nu3883e5hgjpxna40z 0 2215 38887 36852 2026-08-19T11:28:29Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38887 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fiji map.png|thumb|right]] E dua '''Vanua Levu''' (vosanivolai {{IPA-fj|βaˈnua ˈleβu|}}), kilai taumada me '''Ivavakau Yanuyanu''', na ikarua ni ka levu [[yanuyanu]] nei [[Viti]]. Tiko 64 kilomita (40 maile) ki na vualiku ni levu sara [[Viti Levu]], na yanuyanu e tiko kina e dua na vanua ni 5,587.1 lomanibai kilomita (2,157.2 sq mi) kei na dua na iwiliwili ni 135,961 mai na 2007. == Jioloji == Viti lasu ena tectonically na vanua e sega ni veiveisau kedra maliwa na [[Ositerelia Veleti]] kei [[Pasifika Veleti]]. Na Viti vatavata e koto ena dua na iyalayala ni iwasewase ka tiko kina e dua na iyatuvosa ni cala ka ra tu kina e vuqa na ni uneune. Na laini cala oqo sai koya na Viti Qavokavoka Veivanua (Vosa Vakavalagi: Fiji Fracture Zone, FFZ) ki na vualiku, na 176° Isema Veivanua (Vosa Vakavalagi: 176° Extension Zone, 176°E EZ) ki na ra, kei na Hunter Qavokavoka Veivanua (Vosa Vakavalagi: Hunter Fracture Zone, HFZ) kei Lau Ridge ki na tokalau.<ref name="Greenbaum">{{cite web|url=http://eird.org/deslizamientos/pdf/eng/doc8455/doc8455-2a.pdf|title=Landslide hazards in Fiji|last=Greenbaum|first=D.|author2=Bowker, M. R|author3=Dau, I|author4=Drospy, H|author5=Greally, K. B|author6=McDonald A. J. W|author7=Marsh, S. H|author8=Northmore, K. J|author9=O'Connor, E. A|author10=Prasad, R. S|author11=Tragheim, D. G.|last-author-amp=yes|year=1995|work=Technical Report WC/95/28 Rapid methods of landslide hazard mapping : Fiji case study|publisher=British Geological Survey|accessdate=23 March 2011}}</ref> Mio-Pliocene [[nukuvatu]] ka [[marl]] kalasi me epiclastics ka [[Andesite|andesitic]] kacabotena Suva Ilawalawa. Na Ilawalawa na fomu ni Korotini Tevelivanua ena lomadonu ni yanuyanu, e okati kina ni Seseleka (1,380 yavana se 420 mita), Ndelanathau (2,443 yavana se 745 mita), Nararo (2,420 yavana se 740 mita), Valili (2,965 yavana se 904 mita), Mariko (2,890 yavana se 880 mita), [[Ulunivanua Nasorolevu]] (3,386 yavana se 1,032 mita), Ndikeva (3,139 yavana se 957 mita), kei Uluingala (2,730 yavana se 830 mita). Na Pliocene Undu Ilawalawa ena vuaicake ni yanuyanu, e lewena na [[breccia]], [[tuff]], kei drodro ni [[rhyolite]] kei [[dacite]] overlain mai na pumiceous strata. Na Plio-Pleistocene Mba Grouop e tiko ena tiki Ceva ra kei ni yanuyanu ka lewena na [[porphyritic]] basalt drodro kei na volukano clastic vinakavaki ki na [[greywacke]]. Na Ilawalawa oka kina na dautukutuku ni Navotuvotu (2,763 yavana se 842 mita) kei na Mt. Kasi Noqu.<ref>{{cite book |title=Provisional Geologic Map of Fiji |date=1965 |publisher=Fiji Geological Survey |location=Suva}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rodda |first1=P. |title=Outline of the geology of Viti Levu |url=https://archive.org/details/new-zealand-journal-of-geology-and-geophysics_1967-11_10_5/page/1260 |journal=New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics |date=1967 |volume=10 |issue=5 |pages=1260–1273 |doi=10.1080/00288306.1967.10420217|doi-access=free }}</ref> == Vanua == [[File:2004.03.04 08 Vanua Levu ferry Fiji.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Yanuyanu ni Vanua Levu]] Na tiki ni yanuyanu levu o ya na vakarivirivi e vaka e dua na tututolu balavu 30 to 50 kilomita (19–31 malie) ena rabana kei 180 kilomita (110 malie) ena kena balavu, wavokitaki me rawa ni yaco na ka oqo ki na vualiku tokalau. Na tikina oqo, na vualiku duadua ena Viti sinucodo, e [[Udu Tukuna]]. Mai na yasa ceva tokalau kei ni tututolu oqo, e dua na balavu [[peninsula]] yani mai ki na [[Wasawasa Koro]]. E voravora ka hilly na yanuyanu, ka ra vakavolivoliti mai na lase cakau, oka kina na [[Cakaulevu Cakau]], e dua na itatarovi balavu cakau mai na vualiku kei matasawa. Na [[anitai ituvuka]] lako curuma na yanuyanu oqo. E dua na ulunivanua sukusukura wasea vakaveidabui e na yanuyanu o vakababa , ka bucini na kena iyalayala ena maliwa Yasana ni [[Cakaudrove Province|Cakaudrove]] kei [[Macuata Province|Macuata]]. Na kena e cecere duadua dautukutuku sa [[Nasorolevu]], ena dua na altitude ni 1,111 mita (3,645 yavana), kei 16 kilomita (9.9 malie) ikuri ni vualiku tokalau, [[Dikeva]], ena dua na altitude ni {{convert|1,030|m|ft|abbr=off}}. Vanua Levu's na ulunivanua levu ena ranges volekata na cagilevu, ena ceva kei yasayasa, ka vakavuna me ra levu suasua. Vualiku Vanua Levu, ena kena veibasai, e tiko e dua na draki mamaca ena walu na vula ni yabaki, me rawati [[dovuititoko]], na lelevu ni yanuyanu [[itei]], me bulabula e kea. Vanua Levu e tiko e vica na uciwai, oka kina na [[Labasa Uciwai|Labasa]], [[Wailevu Uciwai|Wailevu]], kei na [[Qawa Uciwai|Qawa]]. E tolu na fomu oqo [[Uciwai delta|delta]] o koya na tauni ni [[Labasa]] leveni. E sega ni dua na uciwai ena yanuyanu me veitosoyaki mai na iyaya levu. E vuqa talega na uciwai era kilai tu ena Vanua Levu. Na kena imatai na uciwai rerevaki duadua, na Wainikoro Uciwai, ka ena kena [[qio kabai]]. Na ikarua na uciwai na dreketi, na uciwai titobu e Viti. == Kau kei na Manumanu == Na 17,600 hectares (43,000 eka) na iwasewase e kovuta na loma ni Natewa/Tunuloa peninsula sa ikoya na Natewa/Tunuloa Peninsula Bibi Vuka Itikotiko. Na Bibi Vuka Itikotiko e kovuta na tikidua levu duadua ni kena yaco na veikau makawa ena peninsula, ka tiko ena ceva ni Vanua Levu, ka na tokona e dua na iwiliwili ni malumalumu [[madua qele ruve]] (''Pampusana stairi'').<ref>{{cite web|title=BirdLife Data Zone: Natewa/Tunuloa Peninsula|url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/natewa-tunuloa-peninsula-iba-fiji|website=datazone.birdlife.org|accessdate=30 May 2017}}</ref> == Itaviqaravi lewenivanua kei veika vakailavo == [[File:2004.03.04 Bus ferry Nabouwalu Fiji.jpg|thumb|Waqa kei na basi ena waqa ni Nabouwalu]] Na yanuyanu ni iwiliwili ni lewenivanua e kawa era sa veitauni mai Labasa, ena vualiku, ka [[Savusavu]], ena loma ni yavana na peninsula. Na Labasa, kei na dua na iwiliwili voleka ni 25,000 ena 1996 na lewenivanua, e tiko kina e dua na itikotiko raraba Idia, ka dua na valenivolavola levu ni cakacaka ni dovu nei Viti. Savusavu e lailai, kei na dua ga na iwiliwili ena loma ni 5000, ia e dua na valenivolavola kilai levu me baleta na saravanua me ki na kena [[Lomaniwai nunu wai|nunu wai]] and [[yota]] iyauqaqa. Na cakacaka bibi e yanuyanu sa ikoya na dovuititoko, vakabibi ena vualiku. Na copra e dua talega na itei bibi. [[Gadreva na gone]] sa yaco tiko oqo me dua na cakacaka levu e Vanua Levu talega. == Politiki == Me baleta na inaki ni veiqaravi, sa wasei kina o Vanua Levu ki na tolu na Yasana: [[Bua Province|Bua]] (ena ra), Macuata (ena vualiku tokalau), kei Cakaudrove (ena ceva tokalau). Na tolu na yasana oqo e ratou lewena talega na [[Tabana Vualiku, Viti|Tabana Vualiku ni Viti]]. Vata kei na yawa [[Lau Yanuyanu]], Vanua Levu kei kena outliers na [[Tovata|Tovata Ito]], e dua vei iratou na tolu na tovata ni turaga o Viti. Na Cecere Turaga, o koya e yavutaki tiko ena yanuyanu voleka duadua ni [[Taveuni]],taura tu na ulutaga ni ''[[Tui Cakau]].'' E rua ga na iwiliwili ni kawa - [[Labasa]] kei [[Savusavu]] - sasemati me tauni. O ira yadua era liutaki mai na dua na [[turaganikoro]] kei na dua [[Tauni Matabose]], ka ra sa digitaki na nona lewenilotu ena dua na vosa me tolu na yabaki ka digitaka na turaganikoro mai na kedra maliwa. Ena gauna oqo, sa vakatavakotaki na yago veiliutaki sa tu ena abeyance, ka ra sa cici yani vakawawa na veikoro kei na veitauni e Viti mai vei ira na dauveiliutaki digitaki mai vei ira era digitaka na matanitu e loma. == Itukutuku == [[File:The Gnauna Vinaka Passing the Island of Tavea. Mountains of Vanua-Levu in the distance (June 1853, X, p.67) - Copy.jpg|thumb|Na Gnauna vinaka e veisoliyaka na yanuyanu o Tavea. Ulunivanua ni Vanua Levu ena kena yawa (June 1853, X, p.67)<ref name="Juvenile1853">{{cite journal|title=Wesleyan Chapel, Naivuki, Vanua-Levu, Feejee|journal=The Wesleyan Juvenile Offering: A Miscellany of Missionary Information for Young Persons|date=September 1853|volume=X|pages=67–97|url=https://archive.org/details/wesleyanjuvenil19socigoog|accessdate=29 February 2016|publisher=Wesleyan Missionary Society}}</ref>]] Vanua Levu sa vakaitikotiko oti ena 3,100 yabaki makawa, vata kei na dewavanua e vakaitikotiko ena veivale ka susuga cake na cakau ena baravi. Ena loma ni 1250 kei 1350 ivakatagedegede ni wasawasa ena Pasifika a centimita kina e 30 na yabaki (12), vakatakila o na kote ni cakau. Oqo e vakamatea na kakana e rawa ni tu kina na wai ni vanua, ka sa mai yaco kina na teveli ni wasawasa e ra ka koto kina na titobu ni wakadra na iteitei. Na sega ni kakana sa vakavuna na veisaqasaqa kei na ivalu. Me kena isau, era sa toki na tamata mai na baravi ni veikoro, ni ra sa ulunivanuacake na veikoro sa vakadeitaki. Na itikotiko ivalu oqo era a taura tu me yacova na 1870, ka sa mai ivakaraitaki matata ni veivaluvaluti me baleta na 1860.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2016/06/fiji_s_experience_with_sea_level_rise_600_years_ago_shows_how_climate_change.html |title=Fiji's experience with sea-level rise 600 years ago shows how climate change can inspire violence. |newspaper=Slate.com |date=June 21, 2016 |author=Patrick Nunn |accessdate=August 11, 2016}}</ref> Na [[Necaladi|vakanecaladi]] dauniuli [[Abel Tasman]] na imatai ni ka e kilai vakaurope me rai sara ki Vanua Levu, ena 1643. E dua muria o koya mai vei Kavetani [[William Bligh]] ena 1789, tiko gole to [[Timor]] ni drotaki mai na [[Mutiny ena Mudu]], ka ra sa vakasaurarataki koya kina na nona kaimua kei ira sa yalodina vua na dreke ka biuti ira voli ena dua na bulawaqa. Kavetani [[James Wilson (Kavetani)|James Wilson]] a vakekeli na vanua ena 1797 ena nona waqa ''[[Duff (1794 waqa)|Duff]]''. Dauveivoli tekivu yanaraka [[ivavakau]] ena [[Bua Bay|Bua Toba]] iwasewase e rauta ni 1805, ka a kunei ena kasa waqa kaiwaqa ni schooner ''[[Argo (1800 schooner)|Argo]]''.<ref>{{cite book | title=Islands and Empires: Western Impact on the Pacific and East Asia | publisher=University of Minnesota Press | author=Dodge, Earnest S. | year=1976 | location=Minneapolis | pages=[https://archive.org/details/islandsempireswe0000dodg/page/62 62]–63 | url = https://archive.org/details/islandsempireswe0000dodg | url-access=registration | quote=argo schooner fiji. | isbn=978-0-8166-0853-9}}</ref> Ena 1815, ia, a oti ka vakatikori na kena ena gauna ni veisiko mai na [[dautovuto]] kei [[Sea cucumber (food)|bêche-de-mer]] dauveivoli,era a vakarorogo vakalailai mai na yanuyanu me yacova na 1840, ena gauna e kila kina e dua na kaiwaqa gone ni Jackson era toki ira na nona kaimua ena [[Somosomo]] ena yanuyanu voleka o Taveuni, a tauyavutaki ena dua na vanua [[Ratu]], ka vakekeli e vuqa na tokalau kei na vualiku Vanua Levu. A tauyavutaka o dewavanua mai [[Ositerelia]] kei ni [[Niusiladi]] na [[balaka]] vakaiteitei ,ena vanua o Savusavu ena 1860s. veivakamau vata kei [[vakaviti]] tamata e dua na matatamata veicurumaki matatimi, ka sa mai tu sautu talega mai na volitaki ni [[copra]],a sa dua na valenivolavola levu na Savusavu, me yacova na [[Vakaloloma Levu]] na 1930s e vakavuna na kabebe ena isau ni copra. Ena gauna vata oqori, [[Vakaidia]] tauyavutaka na tauni ni [[Labasa, Viti|Labasa]], sa dua na ka levu dovu-vakayacoka duavata. Ena 2012, sa tekivu me veitalanoa na matanitu e [[Kiribati]] me volia 5,000 eka (2,023 hectares) ni yanuyanu me kedra na kena iwiliwili, ka sa namaki me na tosoi me vaka na inundated ni nodra yanuyanu ena sa tubu na wasawasa.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/kiribati/9127576/Entire-nation-of-Kiribati-to-be-relocated-over-rising-sea-level-threat.html|title=Entire nation of Kiribati to be relocated over rising sea level threat|author=Paul Chapman|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=2012-03-07|accessdate=2012-03-08}}</ref> ==Veitikina== {{reflist}} {{commons|Vanua Levu}} {{Vanua Levu}} {{Islands of Fiji}} <!-- Categories --> [[Category:{{SIL|Islands of Fiji}}]] [[Category:Vanua Levu]] <!-- Interwikis --> g0t5bkndlsq9rs1hjkv1ii3k7842k2h 0 8072 38881 38581 2026-08-19T11:19:19Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38881 wikitext text/x-wiki Na '''lomalagi''' sai koya na veika kecega e koto e dela ni [[vuravura (veivuravura)|vuravura]], oka kina na draki kei [[tautuba sita]]. Ena loma ni [[maliwalala]], sa vakatokai talega kina na lomalagi me vanua vakasilesitieli. Oqo e dua na vuravura veivakasama, centre e vuravura, ka [[Diurnal toso|lako]] mai kina na [[matanisiga]], [[kalokalo]], [[veivuravura]] kei [[vula]]. Na vuravura vakasilesitieli e wasei vakaivolatabu ki na veivanua digitaki ka vakatokai na [[matakalokalo]]. E vakavuqa, na vosa mai lomalagi e vakayagataki veivosaki me vaka na irairai ni rai mai na dela i vuravura; Ia, na ibalebale kei na vakayagataki e rawa ni [[duidui]]. <ref>{{cite journal |author1=Baird, J. C. |author2=Wagner, M. |year=1982 |title=The moon illusion: I. How high is the sky? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-experimental-psychology-general_1982-09_111_3/page/296 |journal=[[Journal of Experimental Psychology: General]] |volume=111 |pages=296-303}}</ref> Na e daudidigo ena dela i vuravura sa rawa ni raica e dua na tiki lailai ni lomalagi, ka vaka me dome, ka kilai talega me beseni ni lomalagi, cavilaki ena siga ka sega ena bogi. Ena so na gauna, me vaka na kena veivosakitaki na [[draki]], na lomalagi e vakaibalebaletaki ga ki na vavaku lailai, ka levu cake na tiki ni [[atmosphere]]. Ena [[rarama matanisiga]], sa rairai mai na lomalagi me karakarawa ni [[cegu]] [[Rayleigh veivakasevi|vakasava]] na rarama karakarawa mai na damudamu. Ena bogi, sa rairai mai na lomalagi me dua na butobuto ka sega ni spangle ena kalokalo. Ena siga, na matanisiga, kei na so na gauna na vula, e rawa ni raici mai lomalagi vakavo ga na kabu mai vei [[o (meteorology)|o]]. Ena bogi o lomalagi, na vula, veivuravura, kei na kalokalo e rawa ni laurai vakakina e lomalagi. Eso na phenomena era raica e lomalagi sai koya na o, [[drodrolagi]], kei [[aurora]]. Na [[yaseyase]] kei [[vanua mamaca]] e rawa talega ni laurai mai lomalagi. [[Manumanu vuka|vuka]], [[manumanu lalai|lalai]], [[waqavuka]], kei [[kite]] ni vuka e lomalagi. Ena vuku ni itaviqaravi vakatamata, [[smog]] ena siga kei na [[cina dukadukali]] ena bogi sa dau laurai vakavuqa ni sivia na [[siti|veikoro]] lelevu. [[File:Cumulus clouds seen from 10,000 meters above the ground, 2010.jpg|right|300x300px|thumb|Na lomalagi e dela ni o]] ==Veitikina== {{reflist}} [[Category:Meteololoji vakasakiti]] [[Category:Lomalagi]] hsw703td7llapbsxahomny2m7jb41d9 0 8401 38879 37677 2026-08-19T11:17:08Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38879 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Moon, Earth size comparison.jpg|right|thumb|Iwiliwili levu e vakatauvatani od [[vuravura (veivuravura)|vuravura]] ni na vula]] [[File:Occulting Enceladus PIA10500.jpg|right|thumb|[[Satuni]] ni setilaiti ni [[Dione]] [[cakaisausau]] [[Enceladus|Eniseladusi]]]]Na '''vakayago setilaiti''', se '''vula''', '''setilaite''', e [[maliwalalaka iyaya]] ka orbits e dua na [[veivuravura]] se [[lailai veivuravura]] (se ena so na gauna e dua tale na yago lailai [[ivakarau Solar|ivakarau ni matanisiga]]). Ena [[ivakarau Solar|ivakarau ni matanisiga]], e ono na ivakarau ni kena vakayacori na setilaiti ni planetary era tu kina e 205 era kila tu setilaiti. Va IAU-volai [[leleka veivuravura]] era kilai talega me ra vakayago setilaiti: [[Pluto|Puluto]], [[Haumea]], [[Makemake]], kei [[Eris (setilaiti)|Erisi]]. Na kacivitaki vakatamata setilaite e voleka sara ga ki na vuravura ena prograde, uninclined rauni kacivi era dau nanumi tu ga ni ra sa tauyavutaki tale tu ga [[Circumplanetary disi|vakaitamerataki yasana]] ni na [[disiki ni veivuravura taumada]] a bulia na kena lalai.<ref name="arxiv0812">{{cite book |author1=Canup, Robin M. |author2=Ward, William R. |title=Origin of Europa and the Galilean Satellites |publisher=University of Arizona Press |date=30 December 2008 |arxiv=0812.4995|bibcode = 2009euro.book...59C |page=59|isbn=978-0-8165-2844-8}}</ref><ref name="dangelo_podolak_2015">{{cite journal|last=D'Angelo|first=G.|author2= Podolak, M.|title=Capture and Evolution of Planetesimals in Circumjovian Disks|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|date=2015|volume=806|issue=1|pages=29–|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/203|arxiv = 1504.04364 |bibcode = 2015ApJ...806..203D }}</ref> Me kena veibasai, vagauna setilaiti (vakararaba kacivitaki tu vakayawa, retrograde, eccentric se kacivi) sa dau nanuma me ivakanananu a maroroi [[asteroid|vatu vakaitamera]] rawa ni kakaseresere ena collisions. E vuqa na ka bibi e vakayago setilaiti ivakarau ni matanisiga sa cabori kacivi, e vuqa vei ira na setilaiti ni veika lalai era vagauna kacivi.<ref>Encyclopedia of the Solar System, page 366, Academic Press, 2007, Lucy-Ann Adams McFadden, Paul Robert Weissman, Torrence V. Johnson</ref> Na [[Vula (setilaiti)|vula]]<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Canup | first1 = RM | last2 = Asphaug | first2 = E | last-author-amp=yes | title = Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of the Earth's formation | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2001-08-16_412_6848/page/708 | journal = Nature | volume = 412 | pages = 708–12 | date = 2001 | doi = 10.1038/35089010 | pmid = 11507633 | issue = 6848 | bibcode=2001Natur.412..708C}}</ref> ka rawa [[Charon|Karoni]]<ref>{{cite journal | title = A giant impact origin for Pluto's small natural satellites and satellite multiplicity in the Kuiper belt | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2006-02-23_439_7079/page/946 | last1 = Stern | first1 = SA | display-authors = 4 | last2 = Weaver | first2 = HA | last3 = Steffl | first3 = AJ | last4 = Mutchler | first4 = MJ | last5 = Merline | first5 = WJ | last6 = Buie | first6 = MW | last7 = Young | first7 = EF | last8 = Young | first8 = LA | last9 = Spencer | first9 = JR | journal = Nature| volume = 439 | date = 2006 | pages = 946–49 | doi = 10.1038/nature04548 | pmid = 16495992 | issue = 7079|bibcode = 2006Natur.439..946S}}</ref> era sa leqa tiko ena kedra maliwa na yago era nanuma ni ra sa tekivutaki tiko mai na coqa e rua na iyaya ni proto lelevu ni planetary. Na veika eso ka na laki biu tu ena vuravura ena veiyasai vuravura sa yalataki tu ni na reaccreted me bulia e dua se sivia na kacivi ni veika vakavuravura. Me vaka ni saqata na yago veivuravura-tawaitaga, [[asteroid vula]] sa dau vakasamataki tiko ena cakacaka oqo. [[Triton (setilaiti)|Tiritoni]] sa dua tale na ka e cala; e dina ga ni sa rui levu ka voleka ni rauni kacivi, na kena toso e retrograde ka sa vaka me ivakanananu a maroroi leleka veivuravura. ==Veitikina== {{reflist}} [[Category:Setilaiti]] nnw4zy7owokw8g8kvo826lgl965alpp 0 9397 38884 38859 2026-08-19T11:26:04Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 7 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38884 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cat poster 1.jpg|right|thumb|Kena veimataqali mataqali ni pusi]] Na '''pusi''' ('''''Felis catus''''') e dua na vale species ni daukana lalai lewenimanumanu [[manumanu susu]].<ref name="Linnaeus1758">{{Cite book |last=Linnaeus |first=C. |title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis |location=Holmiae |publisher=Laurentii Salvii |date=1758 |page=42 |chapter=Felis Catus |language=la |volume=1 |edition=Tenth reformed |chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000798865/page/42}}</ref><ref name="MSW3fc">{{MSW3 Wozencraft |id=14000031 |pages=534–535 |heading=Species ''Felis catus''}}</ref> E duadua ga na species [[manumanu vakavaletaki]] ena matavuvale [[Felidae]] ka dau vakatokai me na '''pusi vale''' se '''pusi vakavale''' me vakaduiduitaki koya mai vei ira na lewe ni matavuvale kila lewenilotu.<ref name="Clutton-Brock1999">{{Cite book |title=A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals |last=Clutton-Brock |first=J. |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge, England<!--This is not redundant; there's a Cambridge, Massachusetts, also, with academic publishers.--> |date=1999 |isbn=978-0-521-63495-3 |edition=Second |pages=133–140 |chapter=Cats |oclc=39786571 |orig-year=1987 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cgL-EbbB8a0C&pg=PA133 |access-date=25 October 2020 |archive-date=22 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122145647/https://books.google.com/books?id=cgL-EbbB8a0C&pg=PA133 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pusi e dau maroroi me vaka na [[manumanu]] ni vale ia e rawa talega ni pusi ni iteitei se pusi ni kilavale; na pusi kilavale e dau galala qai sega ni veitaratara kei ira na tamata.<ref name=Liberg_al2014>{{Cite book |last1=Liberg |first1=O. |last2=Sandell |first2=M. |last3=Pontier |first3=D. |last4=Natoli |first4=E. |name-list-style=amp |chapter=Density, spatial organisation and reproductive tactics in the domestic cat and other felids |title=The domestic cat: the biology of its behaviour |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2000 |edition=Second |isbn=9780521636483 |editor1-last=Turner |editor1-first=D. C. |editor2-last=Bateson |editor2-first=P. |pages=119–147 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GgUwg6gU7n4C&pg=PA119 |access-date=25 October 2020 |archive-date=31 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331062218/https://books.google.com/books?id=GgUwg6gU7n4C&pg=PA119 |url-status=live }}</ref> E dua na daukania na lewenimanumanu, e gadrevi kina e dua na kakana e yavutaki vakalevu ena lewe ni manumanu. Na kena [[taukuku]] e rawa ni vakasukai e vakarautaki me vakamatea na veimataqali manumanu lalai me vaka na [[kalavo lalai]] kei [[Kalavo (manumanu)|kalavo]]. E kaukaua na yagona, e dau veisau, e totolo na nona vakasama, e matailalai tale ga na batina, e vakatorocaketaki vinaka tale ga na nona rai ena bogi kei na nona dau boi vinaka. Pusi vale era vakamareqeta na tamata me baleta na veitokani kei na nodra rawa ni vakamatea na [[rodent]]. E rauta ni 60 mataqali pusi era kilai mai na veimataqali rejisita ni pusi.<ref name=Driscoll_al2009>{{cite journal |last1=Driscoll |first1=C. A. |last2=Clutton-Brock |first2=J. |last3=Kitchener |first3=A. C. |last4=O'Brien |first4=S. J. |name-list-style=amp |date=2009 |title=The taming of the cat |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_scientific-american_scientific-american_2009-06_300_6/page/68 |journal=Scientific American |volume=300 |issue=6 |pages=68–75 |pmid=19485091 |pmc=5790555 |bibcode=2009SciAm.300f..68D |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0609-68}}</ref> Na pusi e tautauvata na kena ibulibuli kei na so tale na species felid: e kaukauwa na yagona, totolo na nona vakasama, matailalai na batina, kei na qaqalo e rawa ni vakasukai e veiganiti me vakamatea na manumanu lalai. E vakatorocaketaki vinaka na kena rai ena bogi kei na kena boi vinaka. Na veitaratara ni pusi e oka kina na vosataki me vaka na miau, qoqolou, sisi, kei na kudru ka vakakina na vosa vakayago ni pusi-vakatabakidua. E dina ga ni pusi e dua na [[species veimaliwai]], e dua na dauvakasasa taudua. Me vaka e dua na manumanu dauvakacaca, e dau vakacaca, e dau cakacaka vakalevu ena mataka lailai kei na yakavi. E rawa ni rogoca na rorogo sa rui malumalumu se sa rui cecere ena [[wasoma]] me baleta na daliga ni tamata, me vaka na kena era cakava na kalavo kei na so tale na lalai manumanu susu.<ref name=Moelk1944>{{Cite journal |title=Vocalizing in the House-cat; A Phonetic and Functional Study |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-psychology_1944-04_57_2/page/184 |last=Moelk |first=M. |journal=The American Journal of Psychology |date=1944 |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=184–205 |doi=10.2307/1416947 |jstor=1416947}}</ref> E vakatubura tale ga qai raica na [[feromoni]].<ref name=Bland1979>{{cite journal |last1=Bland |first1=K. P. |date=1979 |title=Tom-cat odour and other pheromones in feline reproduction |journal=Veterinary Science Communications |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=125–136 |url=https://www.gwern.net/docs/catnip/1979-bland.pdf |doi=10.1007/BF02268958 |s2cid=22484090 |access-date=15 May 2019 |archive-date=30 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130202521/https://www.gwern.net/docs/catnip/1979-bland.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Yalewa pusi vale e rawa ni tiko na luveni pusi mai na vulaitubutubu ki na icavacava ni vulaitubutubu, kei na levu ni benu e dau tekivu mai na rua ki na lima na luveni pusi.<ref name=Nutter2004>{{cite journal |last1=Nutter |first1=F. B. |last2=Levine |first2=J. F. |last3=Stoskopf |first3=M. K. |s2cid=1903272 |name-list-style=amp |date=2004 |title=Reproductive capacity of free-roaming domestic cats and kitten survival rate |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-veterinary-medical-association-journal_2004-11-01_225_9/page/1399 |journal=Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |volume=225 |issue=9 |pages=1399–1402 |doi=10.2460/javma.2004.225.1399 |pmid=15552315 |citeseerx=10.1.1.204.1281 }}</ref> Pusi vale era susugi ka vakaraitaki ena soqo me vaka na pusi ni kawa rejisita, e dua na ka taleitaki ka kilai me pusi totoka. Na kena lewai na iwiliwili ni pusi e rawa ni vakayacori ena kena [[vakalutu]] kei kena [[sega ni vakaluveni]], ia na nodra vakalevutaki kei na nodra biu laivi na manumanu e vakavuna me levu kina na pusi ni kilavale pusi e vuravura raraba, e veivuke ena kena vakarusai na manumanu taucoko vuka, manumanu susu, kei qasi species.<ref name="Rochlitz">{{Cite book |title=The Welfare of Cats |url=https://archive.org/details/welfareofcatsani0000iren |last=Rochlitz |first=I. |date=2007 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]] |isbn=978-1-4020-6143-1 |series="Animal Welfare" series |location=Berlin |pages=[https://archive.org/details/welfareofcatsani0000iren/page/141 141]–175 |oclc=262679891}}</ref> E dau nanumi tu mai vakabalavu ni tekivu na nodra vakamalumalumutaki na pusi mai [[Ijipita Makawa]], era dau vakarokorokotaki kina na pusi mai na 3100 BC,<ref>{{cite book |title=The Cat in ancient Egypt, illustrated from the collection of cat and other Egyptian figures formed |publisher=Cambridge University Press |last1=Langton |first1=N. |last2=Langton |first2=M. B. |name-list-style=amp |date=1940}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Cat in Ancient Egypt |url=https://archive.org/details/catinancientegyp0000male |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |last=Malek |first=J. |date=1997 |edition=Revised |location=Philadelphia}}</ref> ia na toso vou ena [[Arkeoloji|vakadidike ni veika makawa]] kei na [[genetika]] e vakaraitaka ni nodra vakamalumalumutaki a yaco ena [[Ra Esia]] rauta na 7500 BC.<ref name="DriscollMenotti-Raymond2007">{{Cite journal |last1=Driscoll |first1=C. A. |last2=Menotti-Raymond |first2=M. |last3=Roca |first3=A. L. |last4=Hupe |first4=K. |last5=Johnson |first5=W. E. |last6=Geffen |first6=E. |last7=Harley |first7=E. H. |last8=Delibes |first8=M. |last9=Pontier |first9=D. |last10=Kitchener |first10=A. C. |last11=Yamaguchi |first11=N. |last12=O'Brien |first12=S. J. |last13=Macdonald |first13=D. W. |name-list-style=amp |title=The Near Eastern Origin of Cat Domestication |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2007-07-27_317_5837/page/519 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=317 |issue=5837 |date=2007 |pages=519–523 |issn=0036-8075 |doi=10.1126/science.1139518 |pmc=5612713 |pmid=17600185|bibcode=2007Sci...317..519D}}</ref> Me vaka ni 2021, e rauta ni 220 milioni na pusi taukeni kei na 480 milioni na galala-veilakoyaki pusi e vuravura.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://carocat.eu/statistics-on-cats-and-dogs/|title=Statistics on cats|date=15 February 2021|website=carocat.eu|access-date=15 February 2021|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225150136/https://carocat.eu/statistics-on-cats-and-dogs/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Toxocara and Toxocariasis|last1=Rostami|first1=Ali|editor1-last=Bowman|editor1-first=Dwight D.|publisher=Elsevier Science|year=2020|chapter=30|pages=616|isbn=9780128209585|url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=B33gDwAAQBAJ|page=616}}}}</ref> == Ekoloji == === Vanua ni bula === Na pusi vale e dua na species veimatanitu ka dau yaco ena levu na vanua e vuravura.<ref name="Lipinski" /> E rawa ni veisau qai tiko ena gauna oqo ena veivanua kece vakavo ga na Antarctica, kei na 118 mai na 131 na ilawalawa lelevu ni yanuyanu, ena veivanua tu vakatikitiki mada ga [[Yatu Kerguelen]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Spatio-temporal variation in cat population density in a sub-Antarctic environment|last=Say|first=L.|journal=Polar Biology|date=2002|volume=25|issue=2|pages=90–95|doi=10.1007/s003000100316|s2cid=22448763}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biological Invasions in the Antarctic: Extent, Impacts and Implications|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-reviews_2005-02_80_1/page/n46|last1=Frenot|first1=Y.|last2=Chown|first2=S. L.|last3=Whinam|first3=J.|last4=Selkirk|first4=P. M.|last5=Convey|first5=P.|last6=Skotnicki|first6=M.|last7=Bergstrom|first7=D. M.|s2cid=5574897|journal=Biological Reviews|date=2005|volume=80|issue=1|pages=45–72|doi=10.1017/S1464793104006542|pmid=15727038|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ena vuku ni kena rawa ni bulabula vinaka ena voleka ni vanua kece ni bula vakavuravura, e maliwai ira na vuravura e levu duadua [[species veivakacacani]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Medina|first1=F. M.|last2=Bonnaud|first2=E.|last3=Vidal|first3=E.|last4=Tershy|first4=B. R.|author-link5=Erika Zavaleta|last5=Zavaleta|first5=E.|last6=Josh Donlan|first6=C.|last7=Keitt|first7=B. S.|last8=Le Corre|first8=M.|last9=Horwath|first9=S. V.|last10=Nogales|first10=M.|date=2011|title=A global review of the impacts of invasive cats on island endangered vertebrates|journal=Global Change Biology|volume=17|issue=11|pages=3503–3510|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02464.x|citeseerx=10.1.1.701.4082|bibcode=2011GCBio..17.3503M|s2cid=323316}}</ref> E bula ena veiyanuyanu lalai e sega kina na tamata.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=A Review of Feral Cat Eradication on Islands|last1=Nogales|first1=M.|last2=Martin|first2=A.|last3=Tershy|first3=B. R.|last4=Donlan|first4=C. J.|last5=Veitch|first5=D.|last6=Uerta|first6=N.|last7=Wood|first7=B.|last8=Alonso|first8=J.|journal=Conservation Biology|date=2004|volume=18|issue=2|pages=310–319|doi=10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00442.x|hdl=10261/22249|s2cid=11594286|url=https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/22249/1/CBL-2004-18-310.pdf|hdl-access=free|access-date=24 September 2019|archive-date=6 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206034647/https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/22249/1/CBL-2004-18-310.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Pusi kilavale e rawa ni bula ena [[veikau]], [[vanua co]], [[tundra]], vanua e baravi, vanua ni teitei, [[vanua lolobo]], vanua ni korolevu, kei [[vanua suasua]].<ref name="ISSG 2006">{{cite web|url=http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=24&fr=1&sts=sss|work=Global Invasive Species Database|title=Ecology of ''Felis catus''|author=Invasive Species Specialist Group|publisher=[[IUCN Species Survival Commission|Species Survival Commission]], [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]]|date=2006|access-date=31 August 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027123405/http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=24&fr=1&sts=sss|archive-date=27 October 2009}}</ref> Na sega ni vinakati ka vakavuna na pusi vale me qaravi me vaka e dua na species veimatanitu dauvakacaca e rua na ka . Ena dua na yasana, me vaka ni lailai na kena veisau mai na pusi kila, e rawarawa sara me veiwatini kei na pusi kila. Na veivakaduiduitaki oqo e vakavuna na leqa ki na duidui ni gene ni so na iwiliwili ni pusi kila, vakabibi e Sikoteladi kei Hungary, rairai talega na vanua o Iberia, kei na vanua e taqomaki kina na vanua vakaitaukei e volekata na tamata-lewa vanua rairai, me vaka na [[vanua ni gade e Kruger]] e [[Sauca Aferika]].<ref name="Kruger">{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270912183|title=Genetic analysis shows low levels of hybridization between African wildcats (Felis silvestris lybica) and domestic cats (F. s. catus) in South Africa|last1=Le Roux|first1=Johannes J.|last2=Foxcraft|first2=Llewellyn C.|last3=Herbst|first3=Marna|last4=Macfadyen|first4=Sandra|date=19 August 2014|journal=Ecology and Evolution|volume=5|issue=2|pages=288–299|doi=10.1002/ece3.1275|pmid=25691958|pmc=4314262|access-date=14 November 2021|archive-date=7 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307214831/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270912183_Genetic_analysis_shows_low_levels_of_hybridization_between_African_wildcats_Felis_silvestris_lybica_and_domestic_cats_F_s_catus_in_South_Africa|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Oliveira">{{Cite journal|last1=Oliveira|first1=R.|last2=Godinho|first2=R.|last3=Randi|first3=E.|last4=Alves|first4=P. C.|title=Hybridization Versus Conservation: Are Domestic Cats Threatening the Genetic Integrity of Wildcats (''Felis silvestris silvestris'') in Iberian Peninsula?|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences|volume=363|issue=1505|pages=2953–2961|date=2008|pmid=18522917|doi=10.1098/rstb.2008.0052|pmc=2606743}}</ref> Ena yasana kadua, ka rairai matata cake, na kena vakacurumi ki na veivanua e sega ni tiko kina na pusi ni vanua e cau ki na kena sa lutu sobu na species ni vanua.<ref name="contr-ext" /> === Kilataki === Pusi kilavale era pusi vale era sucu ena se ra sa lesu tale ki na dua na ituvaki ni veikau. Era sega ni kilai ira vinaka na tamata ra qai dau veilakoyaki galala ena veikoro lelevu kei na veivanua lala.<ref name="Rochlitz2" /> Na [[naba]] ni pusi vakakila e sega ni kilai, ia na vakasama ni [[Matanitu Cokovata o Amerika|Amerika]] na iwiliwili ni kilavale e tiko mai na 25 ina 60 milioni.<ref name="Rochlitz2" /> Pusi kilavale e rawa ni bula duadua, ia e levu era kune ena koloni lelevu, era taukena e dua na vanua vakatabakidua ra qai dau veiwekani kei na dua na ivurevure ni kakana.<ref name="hsus-feral">{{cite web|url=http://www.hsus.org/pets/issues_affecting_our_pets/feral_cats/feral_cats_frequently_asked_questions.html#1_What_is_a_feral_cat|title=What is the difference between a stray cat and a feral cat?|date=2 January 2008|work=HSUS.org|publisher=[[Humane Society of the United States]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501093143/http://www.hsus.org/pets/issues_affecting_our_pets/feral_cats/feral_cats_frequently_asked_questions.html#1_What_is_a_feral_cat|archive-date=1 May 2008}}</ref> Era kune e [[Rome|Roma]] na veivanua kilai levu ni pusi kilavale levu wavolita na [[Colosseum]] kei [[Forum Romanum]], kei na pusi ena so na vanua oqo era vakani ka soli vei ira na veiqaravi vakavuniwai mai vei ira dauveiqaravi.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Spatio-temporal variation in cat population density in a sub-Antarctic environment|last=Say|first=L.|journal=Polar Biology|date=2002|volume=25|issue=2|pages=90–95|doi=10.1007/s003000100316|s2cid=22448763}}</ref> E duidui sara na nodra rai na lewenivanua me baleta na pusi kilavale, mai na nodra raici ira mera manumanu galala mera raici ira mera kutu.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biological Invasions in the Antarctic: Extent, Impacts and Implications|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-reviews_2005-02_80_1/page/n46|last1=Frenot|first1=Y.|last2=Chown|first2=S. L.|last3=Whinam|first3=J.|last4=Selkirk|first4=P. M.|last5=Convey|first5=P.|last6=Skotnicki|first6=M.|last7=Bergstrom|first7=D. M.|s2cid=5574897|journal=Biological Reviews|date=2005|volume=80|issue=1|pages=45–72|doi=10.1017/S1464793104006542|pmid=15727038|doi-access=free}}</ref> E so pusi kilavale e rawa ni rawati vinaka na veimaliwai ka ‘vakabulabulataki tale’ me baleta na veisusu; pusi gone, vakabibi na pusi gone<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Medina|first1=F. M.|last2=Bonnaud|first2=E.|last3=Vidal|first3=E.|last4=Tershy|first4=B. R.|author-link5=Erika Zavaleta|last5=Zavaleta|first5=E.|last6=Josh Donlan|first6=C.|last7=Keitt|first7=B. S.|last8=Le Corre|first8=M.|last9=Horwath|first9=S. V.|last10=Nogales|first10=M.|date=2011|title=A global review of the impacts of invasive cats on island endangered vertebrates|journal=Global Change Biology|volume=17|issue=11|pages=3503–3510|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02464.x|citeseerx=10.1.1.701.4082|bibcode=2011GCBio..17.3503M|s2cid=323316}}</ref> kei pusi era sa sotava oti kei na veitaratara kei na tamata era sa ciqoma vakalevu duadua na sasaga oqo. === Kena revurevu ena manumanu kila === Ena yanuyanu, na vuka e rawa ni cau me vaka na 60% kakana ni pusi.<ref name="Fitzgerald">{{Cite book|last1=Fitzgerald|first1=M. B.|title=The Domestic Cat: The Biology of its Behaviour|last2=Turner|first2=D. C.|editor=Turner & Bateson|pages=151–175|chapter=Hunting Behaviour of Domestic Cats and Their Impact on Prey Populations|name-list-style=amp}}</ref> Voleka ni veigauna kece, na pusi e sega ni rawa ni kilai me vaka na vuna duadua ga ni kena vakalailaitaki na iwiliwili ni manumanu vuka ni yanuyanu, kei na so na gauna, na kena vakarusai na pusi sa vakavuna e dua na "veimama manumanu dauvakacaca sereki" na kena revurevu; ena vanua e vakavuna kina na kena vakamalumalumutaki na manumanu daukana e cake e dua na levu ni manumanu lalai ka vakavuna na lutu levu ni nodra manumanu wasei. Na pusi ni vale e dua na ka e vakavuna na kena sa lutu sobu tiko e vuqa na mataqali manumanu, e dua na ka e sa qai mai vakavuna, ena so na gauna, me ra yali yani. Eso na vuka vanua e dau ni [[Niusiladi]]<ref name="Mead 1982 183–186" /> , kei na na kisi bibi duadua sai koya na sega ni vuka [[wren ni Yatu Stephens]] (''Traversia lyalli''), ka a vakavuna me yali yani ni oti ga e vica na yabaki na kena kunei.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=A Review of Feral Cat Eradication on Islands|last1=Nogales|first1=M.|last2=Martin|first2=A.|last3=Tershy|first3=B. R.|last4=Donlan|first4=C. J.|last5=Veitch|first5=D.|last6=Uerta|first6=N.|last7=Wood|first7=B.|last8=Alonso|first8=J.|journal=Conservation Biology|date=2004|volume=18|issue=2|pages=310–319|doi=10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00442.x|hdl=10261/22249|s2cid=11594286|url=https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/22249/1/CBL-2004-18-310.pdf|hdl-access=free|access-date=24 September 2019|archive-date=6 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206034647/https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/22249/1/CBL-2004-18-310.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> E dua pusi kilavale ena Niusiladi vakamatei o 102 [[bati lailai na kena gusu lekaleka ni Niusiladi]] (''Mystacina tuberculata'') ena vitu na siga.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Spatio-temporal variation in cat population density in a sub-Antarctic environment|last=Say|first=L.|journal=Polar Biology|date=2002|volume=25|issue=2|pages=90–95|doi=10.1007/s003000100316|s2cid=22448763}}</ref> Ena Amerika, na pusi kilavale kei na galala-vakamatei e dua na vakasama 6.3 &#x2013; 22.3 bilioni na manumanu susu ena veiyabaki.<ref name="NC012913" /> E [[Ositerelia]], na kena revurevu na pusi ena iwiliwili ni manumanu susu e levu cake sara mai na kena revurevu ni kena vakayali na vanua ni bula.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Biological Invasions in the Antarctic: Extent, Impacts and Implications|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-reviews_2005-02_80_1/page/n46|last1=Frenot|first1=Y.|last2=Chown|first2=S. L.|last3=Whinam|first3=J.|last4=Selkirk|first4=P. M.|last5=Convey|first5=P.|last6=Skotnicki|first6=M.|last7=Bergstrom|first7=D. M.|s2cid=5574897|journal=Biological Reviews|date=2005|volume=80|issue=1|pages=45–72|doi=10.1017/S1464793104006542|pmid=15727038|doi-access=free}}</ref> E sivia e dua na milioni na qasi era dau vakamatea na pusi kila ena veisiga, e vakatayaloyalotaka na 258 species.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Medina|first1=F. M.|last2=Bonnaud|first2=E.|last3=Vidal|first3=E.|last4=Tershy|first4=B. R.|author-link5=Erika Zavaleta|last5=Zavaleta|first5=E.|last6=Josh Donlan|first6=C.|last7=Keitt|first7=B. S.|last8=Le Corre|first8=M.|last9=Horwath|first9=S. V.|last10=Nogales|first10=M.|date=2011|title=A global review of the impacts of invasive cats on island endangered vertebrates|journal=Global Change Biology|volume=17|issue=11|pages=3503–3510|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02464.x|citeseerx=10.1.1.701.4082|bibcode=2011GCBio..17.3503M|s2cid=323316}}</ref> Pusi era sa vakavuna na kena vakarusai na ''[[Leiocephalus eremitus]]'' kei ''[[Chioninia coctei]].''<ref name="contr-ext2">{{Cite journal|last1=Doherty|first1=T. S.|last2=Glen|first2=A. S.|last3=Nimmo|first3=D. G.|last4=Ritchie|first4=E. G.|last5=Dickman|first5=C. R.|name-list-style=amp|date=2016|title=Invasive predators and global biodiversity loss|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=113|issue=40|pages=11261–11265|doi=10.1073/pnas.1602480113|pmc=5056110|pmid=27638204|bibcode=2016PNAS..11311261D|doi-access=free}}</ref> == Veitikina == <references /> [[Category:Felidae]] jfjs6qzpry4hkdmoz7itgb6pa0m4nlw 0 9468 38886 38115 2026-08-19T11:28:05Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38886 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Human skin structure.jpg|right|thumb|[[Tamata kuli]]]] [[File:Sa-rhino-skin.jpg|right|thumb|[[Rhino]] kuli]] Na '''kuli''' se '''kulina''' ni yago e dau malumu, ka rawa ni veisau na [[tisi]] e taudaku ka ubia na yago ni [[manumanu sui]], ka tolu na kena cakacaka levu: veitaqomaki, veivakalawataki, kei veivakasama. Ena [[manumanu susu]], na kuli e dua na [[gacagaca]] ni ivakarau ni [[veitiki yago]] e caka mai na vuqa na itutu taudaku ni kuli ka yadrava na [[masela]], [[sui]], [[liga]], kei [[gacagaca ni loma]]. Na kuli ni duatani na kena ituvaki e tiko vei ira na [[amphibian]], [[qasi]], kei [[manumanu vuka|vuka]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Alibardi|first1=Lorenzo|title=Adaptation to the land: The skin of reptiles in comparison to that of amphibians and endotherm amniotes|journal=Journal of Experimental Zoology|date=15 August 2003|volume=298B|issue=1|pages=12–41|doi=10.1002/jez.b.24|pmid=12949767}}</ref> Na [[manumanu]] susu kece e tiko eso na [[drauna]] ena kuli, na manumanu susu mada ga ni wasawasa me vaka na [[tavuto]], [[babale]], kei [[porpoise]] e vaka me sega na drauniuludra. Na kuli e veitaratara kei vata vanua e tiko kina ka sa imatai ni laini ni veitaqomaki mai na veika e taudaku. Kena ivakaraitaki, e bibi sara na itavi ni kuliniyago ena kena taqomaki na yago mai na [[dauveitauvi]]<ref name="Proksch">{{cite journal|vauthors=Proksch E, Brandner JM, Jensen JM|year=2008|title=The skin: an indispensable barrier|journal=Exp Dermatol|volume=17|issue=12|pages=1063–1072|pmid=19043850|doi=10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00786.x|s2cid=31353914}}</ref> kei vakayali vakasivia ni wai.<ref name="Madison">{{cite journal|last1=Madison|first1=Kathi C.|title=Barrier Function of the Skin: 'La Raison d'Être' of the Epidermis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-investigative-dermatology_2003-08_121_2/page/231|journal=Journal of Investigative Dermatology|date=August 2003|volume=121|issue=2|pages=231–241|doi=10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12359.x|pmid=12880413|doi-access=free}}</ref> Na kena cakacaka tale eso oya na kena vakarurugi, vakalailaitaka na [[katakata]], vakila, kei na kena buli na folates ni [[vaitamini D]]. Na kuliniyago e vakacacani sara vakalevu ena rawa ni vakabulai ena kena buli [[Mavomavo|mavomavo tisi]]. Oqo ena so na gauna e dau veisautaki na kena [[roka]] qai vakacacani na kena irairai. E duidui tale ga na mavoa ni kuliniyago mai na dua na vanua ina dua tale ena dua na ka [[organism]]. Ena tamata, me kena ivakaraitaki, na kuli e tiko ena ruku ni mata kei na wavolita na mata sa ikoya na kuli lailai duadua ena yago ena 0.5 mm na kena rabailevu ka sa dua vei ira na imatai ni vanua me vakaraitaka na ivakatakilakila ni qase me vaka na "yava reveni" kei sokidi. Na kuli ena iqaqalo ni liga kei na yava e kuli ni yago e kaukauwa duadua ena yago me vaka na 4 mm na kena kaukauwa. Na totolo kei na vinaka ni veivakabulai ni mavoa ena kuli e vakatorocaketaki ena kena ciqomi na [[estrojini]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Thornton|first1=M. J.|title=The biological actions of estrogens on skin: Estrogens and skin|journal=Experimental Dermatology|date=December 2002|volume=11|issue=6|pages=487–502|doi=10.1034/j.1600-0625.2002.110601.x|pmid=12473056|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ashcroft|first1=Gillian S.|last2=Greenwell-Wild|first2=Teresa|last3=Horan|first3=Michael A.|last4=Wahl|first4=Sharon M.|last5=Ferguson|first5=Mark W.J.|title=Topical Estrogen Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing in Aged Humans Associated with an Altered Inflammatory Response|journal=The American Journal of Pathology|date=October 1999|volume=155|issue=4|pages=1137–1146|doi=10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65217-0|pmid=10514397|pmc=1867002}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/524313_3|author=Desiree May Oh, MD, Tania J. Phillips, MD|title=Sex Hormones and Wound Healing|journal=Wounds|year=2006|access-date=2013-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107094207/http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/524313_3|archive-date=2013-01-07|url-status=live}}</ref> == Veitikina == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Gacagaca]] f0udnz7p3grqzjf31vkxo4cfli6521d 0 10041 38880 36484 2026-08-19T11:18:30Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38880 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Melita''', vakamatanitu na '''Ripabuliki ni Melita''',<ref>({{langx|mt|Repubblika ta' Malta}} {{IPA|mt|rɛˈpʊbːlɪkɐ tɐ ˈmɐːltɐ|}})</ref> e dua na vanua yanuyanu ena [[Ceva Iurope]] e tiko ena [[Wasawasa Mediterranean]], ena maliwa ni [[Sicily]] kei [[Vualiku Aferika]]. E tiko kina e dua na [[veiyatuyanuyanu]] e 80 na kilomita (50 na maile) ena ceva kei Itali, 284 na kilomita (176 na maile) ena tokalau kei [[Tunisia]],<ref name="ashby">{{Cite journal|last=Ashby|first=Thomas|year=1915|title=Roman Malta|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1449693|journal=Journal of Roman Studies|volume=5|pages=23–80|doi=10.2307/296290|jstor=296290|s2cid=250349579|access-date=30 August 2019|archive-date=27 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327063440/https://zenodo.org/record/1449693|url-status=live}}</ref> kei {{convert|333|km|mi|abbr=on}} vualiku ni [[Libia]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://kasa.officinastudimedievali.it/cd/risorse/Libro/Malta_and_Sicily.pdf|title=Malta and Sicily: Miscellaneous research projects|year=2008|publisher=Officina di Studi Medievali|isbn=978-88-88615-83-7|editor-last=Bonanno, Anthony|access-date=23 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527173156/http://kasa.officinastudimedievali.it/cd/risorse/Libro/Malta_and_Sicily.pdf|archive-date=27 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chapman|first1=David|last2=Cassar|first2=Godwin|date=October 2004|title=Valletta|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_cities_2004-10_21_5/page/451|journal=Cities|volume=21|issue=5|pages=451–463|doi=10.1016/j.cities.2004.07.001|issn=0264-2751}}</ref> Na rua na vosa vakamatanitu o koya na [[Vosa Vakamalita]] kei na [[Vosa Vakavalagi]]. Na koroturaga ni matanitu o [[Valletta]], ka sa ikoya na koroturaga lailai duadua e Iurope ena vanua kei na iwiliwili ni tamata. E imatai tale ga ni [[Vuravura Iyau Vanua|Vuravura Iyau Siti]] ena Iurope me yaco me dua na [[Koroturaga ni Itovo vakavanua e Iurope|Koroturaga ni]] [[Koroturaga ni Itovo vakavanua e Iurope|Itovo vakavanua e Iurope]] ena 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Simone|first=Beppe|date=2018-01-24|title=Valletta begins its journey as European Capital of Culture 2018|url=https://www.europanostra.org/valletta-european-capital-of-culture-2018/#:~:text=Valletta%20is,%20in%20fact,%20the,of%20music,%20dance%20and%20light.|access-date=2024-12-06|website=Europa Nostra|language=en-GB}}</ref> [[File:Flag of Malta.svg|thumb]] == Veitikina == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Melita]] sjd45jmsb1wdsy0agx18phcv8zt68h3 0 10179 38883 36888 2026-08-19T11:21:23Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38883 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peleti tektonika'''{{sfn|Little|Fowler|Coulson|1990}} sa ikoya na vakasama vakasaenisi ni [[litosfera]] ni [[Vuravura (veivuravura)|Vuravura]] e oka kina e vica na lelevu ni '''tektonika peleti''', ka sa toso vakamalua tiko mai na 3–4 na bilioni na yabaki sa oti.<ref name="Dhuime2012">{{Cite journal|last1=Dhuime|first1=B|last2=Hawkesworth|first2=CJ|last3=Cawood|first3=PA|last4=Storey|first4=CD|year=2012|title=A change in the geodynamics of continental growth 3 billion years ago|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2012-03-16_335_6074/page/1334|journal=Science|volume=335|issue=6074|pages=1334–1336|bibcode=2012Sci...335.1334D|doi=10.1126/science.1216066|pmid=22422979|s2cid=206538532}}</ref><ref name="Harrison2009">{{Cite journal|last=Harrison|first=TM|year=2009|title=The Hadean crust: evidence from> 4 Ga zircons|journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences|volume=37|issue=1|pages=479–505|bibcode=2009AREPS..37..479H|doi=10.1146/annurev.earth.031208.100151}}</ref><ref name="Windley2021">{{Cite journal|last1=Windley|first1=BF|last2=Kusky|first2=T|last3=Polat|first3=A|year=2021|title=Onset of plate tectonics by the Eoarchean|journal=Precambrian Research|volume=352|page=105980|bibcode=2021PreR..35205980W|doi=10.1016/j.precamres.2020.105980|s2cid=228993361}}</ref> Na ivakaraitaki e tara cake ena vakasama ni [[drodro ni konitineni]], e dua na vakasama e tubu ena imatai ni vicasagavulu na yabaki ni ika 20 senitiuri. Peleti tektonika e mai ciqomi ena [[Vakadidike ni Vuravura|jiosaenitisi]] ni oti na kena vakadeitaki na kena tete na dela ni wasawasa ena loma ni 1960 vakacaca. Na veika e yaco ena kena buli na peleti kei na kena buli na [[qana ni Vuravura]] e vakatokai me tektonika. E dau yaco tale ga na peleti tektonika ena so tale na [[veivuravura]] kei [[Vula (setilaiti)|vula]]. [[File:Plates tect2 en.svg|thumb|280x280px|Mape ni 16 peleti lelevu ni Vuravura]] Na lithosphere ni vuravura, na kaukauwa e tautuba ni vuravura oka kina na [[qana]] kei na [[Ecake mantel|ecake]] [[Ecake mantel|mantel]], e wase rua ki na vitu se walu na peleti lelevu (vakatau ena kena vakamacalataki) kei na vuqa na peleti lalai. Na vanua e sota kina na peleti, na nodra toso veiwekani e vakadeitaka na mataqali '''peleti iyalayala''' (se [[Cala (jioloji)|cala]]) ''veicurumaki'', ''duidui'', se veisautaka. Na toso ni veiwekani ni peleti e dau tekivu mai na saiva ki 10 cm ena veiyabaki.{{sfn|Read|Watson|1975}} Na cala e dau vakayacori vakalevu ena qele, sotava na [[uneune]], [[Ulunivanua kama|cakacaka ni volukano]], [[veiulunivanua-tara]], kei buli ni [[veibuca ni wasa]]. == Veitikina == {{reflist}} [[Category:Tektonika]] dis0ksrmiu2m0w9jdslq6mqi7qtw7uo 0 10376 38882 38869 2026-08-19T11:20:26Z InternetArchiveBot 8933 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260819sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 38882 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Weeghaak.JPG|thumb|[[Sipirigi iwiliwili]]|389x389px]] Ena [[vakadidike]] kei [[idinia]], na '''bibi''' ni dua na ka sa ikoya na [[kaukauwa]] e cakacaka tiko ena ka ena vuku ni [[kalavo]].<ref name="Morrison">{{cite journal|title=Weight and gravity - the need for consistent definitions|author=Richard C. Morrison|journal=[[The Physics Teacher]]|volume=37|page=51|date=1999|issue=1|doi=10.1119/1.880152|bibcode=1999PhTea..37...51M}}</ref><ref name="Galili">{{cite journal|title=Weight versus gravitational force: historical and educational perspectives|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-science-education_2001-10_23_10/page/1073|author=Igal Galili|journal=International Journal of Science Education|volume=23|page=1073|date=2001|issue=10|doi=10.1080/09500690110038585|bibcode=2001IJSEd..23.1073G|s2cid=11110675}}</ref><ref name="Gat">{{cite book|title=Standardization of Technical Terminology: Principles and Practice – ''second volume''|editor=Richard Alan Strehlow|date=1988|publisher=[[ASTM International]]|isbn=978-0-8031-1183-7|chapter=The weight of mass and the mess of weight|last=Gat|first=Uri|pages=45–48|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CoB5w9Km0mUC&pg=PA45}}</ref> Eso na ivola ni vuli ivakatagedegede<ref name="Knight">{{Cite book|author=Knight, Randall D.|year=2004|title=Physics for Scientists and Engineers: a Strategic Approach|location=San Francisco, USA|publisher=Addison–Wesley|isbn=0-8053-8960-1|pages=100–101|url=https://archive.org/details/physicsforscien200knig}}</ref> vakamacalataka na bibi me vaka e dua na levu ni [[vekita]], na kalavotaki kaukauwa e cakacaka tiko ena [[Iyaya vakayago|iyaya]]. Eso tale<ref name="Bauer-and-Westfall">{{Cite book|author=Bauer, Wolfgang and Westfall, Gary D.|year=2011|title=University Physics with Modern Physics|url=https://archive.org/details/universityphysic0000baue|location=New York|publisher=McGraw Hill|isbn=978-0-07-336794-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/universityphysic0000baue/page/103 103]}}</ref><ref name="Serway-and-Jewett">{{Cite book|author=Serway, Raymond A. and Jewett, John W. Jr.|year=2008|title=Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics|url=https://archive.org/details/physicsforscient0000serw_u6w5|location=USA|publisher=Thompson|isbn=978-0-495-11245-7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/physicsforscient0000serw_u6w5/page/106 106]}}</ref> vakamacalataka na bibi me vaka e dua na levu ni scalar, na levu ni kalavotaki kaukauwa. Ia eso tale<ref name="Hewitt">{{Cite book|author=Hewitt, Paul G.|year=2001|title=Conceptual Physics|location=USA|publisher=Addison–Wesley|isbn=0-321-05202-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/conceptualphysic00hewi_3/page/159 159]|url=https://archive.org/details/conceptualphysic00hewi_3/page/159}}</ref> vakamacalataka me vaka na levu ni kaukauwa ni veivakacacani e vakayagataki ena dua na yago ena iwalewale e vorata kina na veika e yaco ena kalavo: na bibi na levu ni ka e vakarautaki ena, me kena ivakaraitaki na [[vakarautaki vulavou]]. O koya gona, ena dua na ituvaki ni [[lutu galala]], na bibi ena saiva. Ena [[vakasama]] ni bibi oqo, na veika e vuravura e rawa ni [[sega ni bibi]]: ke sega ni kauaitaki na veivakacacani ni cagi, na apolo kilai levu e lutu mai na [[vunikau]], ena nona sala me sotava na qele volekati [[Isaac Newton]], ena sega ni bibi. Na [[iuniti ni veivakarautaki]] me baleta na bibi sai koya na kaukauwa, ka ena [[Ivakarau Veimatanitu ni Iuniti]] (International System of Units, vakalekalekataki me vaka SI) kei na [[niutoni]]. Kena ivakaraitaki, e dua na ka e dua na kilokaramu na kena bibi e rauta ni 9.8 na niutoni na kena bibi ena dela ni [[Vuravura (veivuravura)|Vuravura]], qai rauta ni dua na ikaono ni kena bibi ena [[Vula (setilaiti)|Vula]]. Dina ga ni bibi kei na levu e duidui vakasaenisi na levu, na vosa e dau veilecayaki vata kei na dua tale ena kena vakayagataki ena veisiga (i.e. veidutaitaka ka veisautaka na bibi ni kaukauwa ena paudi ki na levu ena kilokaramu kei na kena veibasai). Na veivakaleqai tale eso ena kena vakamacalataki na veimataqali vakasama ni bibi e tiko na kena isema ki na [[icavacava ni veiwekani]] me vaka na kalavo e vakatautauvatataki me vaka e dua na itinitini ni [[veicurva]] ni vanua-ganua. Ena veivanua ni veivakavulici, e dua na veileti levu sa tiko me sivia e veimama na senitiuri ena sala me vakamacalataki kina na bibi vei ira na nodra gonevuli. Na ituvaki ni gauna oqo e dua na ilawalawa e vuqa ni vakasama co-tiko ka kunea na kena vakayagataki ena nodra veimataqali ituvaki.<ref name="Galili" /> ==Veitikina== {{reflist}} [[Category:Levu]] j887kowbak65352uii7nxltaev4mkmb 1 10880 38878 2026-08-19T00:49:01Z ~2026-45361-82 10955 /* Vosa vakayagataki ena veimaliwai e veisiga */ new section 38878 wikitext text/x-wiki == Vosa vakayagataki ena veimaliwai e veisiga == Vosa vakayagataki ena veimaliwai e veisiga [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-45361-82|&#126;2026-45361-82]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-45361-82|talk]]) 00:49, 19 Okosita 2026 (UTC) cl4s7ekbrqnqtp84ag0421pf90mgfj7