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Guglielmo Marconi
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Ceapadóir, fiontraí agus fear [[gnó]] as [[Bologna]] na h[[An Iodáil|Iodáile]], agus de shliocht [[Éire|Éireannach]], ab ea '''Guglielmo Marconi-Jameson''' ([[25 Aibreán]] [[1874]] – [[20 Iúil]] [[1937]]). Dhear sé an chéad [[raidió]] fiúntach. Tugtar "athair an raidió' air.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Fréamh an eolais ː ciclipéid eolaíochta agus teicneolaíochta|url=http://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000578165|author=Matt Hussey|date=2011|journal=|volume=|issue=}}</ref>
Bronnadh [[Duais Nobel na Fisice]] ar Marconi, in éineacht le [[Karl Ferdinand Braun|Karl-Ferdinand Braun]], sa bhliain 1909.
== Fionnachtana ==
Tharchuir Marconi comharthaí ar feadh líne dírí cúpla céad ciliméadar ar fhad san aer i 1895, ag an am céanna a rinne [[Alexander Stepanovitch Popov]] an rud chéanna sa [[An Rúis|Rúis]].
Ar an [[13 Bealtaine]] [[1897]], sheol Marconi an chéad "teileagraf gan sreang".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/wales/entries/fe40d3e6-5696-353e-adac-e48659862052|teideal=Marconi's Welsh wireless revolution|dáta=2012-05-11|language=en-GB|work=BBC|dátarochtana=2020-05-13}}</ref>
Ar an [[6 Iúil]], [[1898]], chraol comhlacht Marconi ó [[Baile an Chaistil|Bhaile an Chaistil]] go [[Reachlainn]], [[oileán]] atá deich g[[ciliméadar]] ón [[Cósta|chósta]] agus díreach ó thuaidh de Bhaile an Chaistil féin.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.causewaycoastalroute.com/marconi|teideal=Marconi in Ballycastle|language=en|work=www.causewaycoastalroute.com|dátarochtana=2022-07-20}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/marconi-rathlin-island-and-a-new-way-with-words-1.3179337|teideal=Marconi, Rathlin Island and a new way with words|údar=Bernie McGill|dáta=10 Lúnasa 2017|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2022-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.solarnavigator.net/inventors/guglielmo_marconi.htm|teideal=GUGLIELMO MARCONI INVENTOR OF THE RADIO|work=www.solarnavigator.net|dátarochtana=2022-07-20}}</ref>
Tharchuir Marconi ó Chorn na Breataine trasna an Atlantaigh go Talamh an Éisc den chéad uair sa bhliain 1902, ag frithchaitheamh an tonn raidió ón ianaisféar 50-500 km os cionn na farraige leathshlí trasna.
Ar an [[17 Deireadh Fómhair]] [[1907]], chuir Marconi an chéad seirbhís radai[[Teileagrafaíocht|teileagrafaíochta]] trádála trasatlantach ar siúl idir stáisiúin theileagrafaíochta sa [[An Clochán (Contae na Gaillimhe)|Chlochán]], i g[[Contae na Gaillimhe]] (ag Pointe Sár-Radhairc Dheirgimligh, atá 6 km laisteas den Chlochán) agus Bá Glace, in [[Albain Nua]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.failteireland.ie/FailteIreland/media/WebsiteStructure/Documents/2_Develop_Your_Business/Key%20Projects/Connemara-Experience-Development-Plan-Irish-(AOS)-WEB.pdf|teideal=Connemara-Experience-Development-Plan|údar=failteireland.ie|dáta=|dátarochtana=2020}}</ref>
[[Íomhá:Remains of the Marconi transatlantic wireless station.JPG|mion|clé|Pointe Sár-Radhairc Dheirgimligh, atá 6 km laisteas den [[An Clochán (Contae na Gaillimhe)|Chlochán]]]]
Ba i rith [[An Chéad Chogadh Domhanda|an chogaidh mhóir]] (1914-18) a cuireadh bús ceart le fás agus forbairt an raidió mar ghléas [[Cumarsáid|chumarsáide]]. Nuair a thosaigh an cogadh, ba le córas teileagraim a bhí á úsáid ag na [[Fórsaí armtha|fórsaí]] éagsúla chun formhór a gcuid teagmhála a dhéanamh.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://cora.ucc.ie/bitstream/handle/10468/8560/Tr%C3%A1chtas%20Cr%C3%ADochnaithe%20DdM.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y|teideal=RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta agus cultúr phobal na Gaeltachta|údar=cora.ucc.ie|dáta=|dátarochtana=2020}}</ref> Ach faoi dheireadh na troda, bhí córais chumarsáide raidió go mór sa treis, a bhuíochas sin do leithéid Marconi.
Sa bhliain 1919 chraol Wireless Telegraph Company Mharconi guth duine d’fhostóirí an chomhlachta trasna an Atlantaigh
I 1920 craoladh amhránaíocht [[Nellie Melba]] ó ionad Mharconi i [[Chelmsford]], [[Essex]], rud a chuir tús le craoltóireacht ghinearálta raidió.
== Saol pearsanta ==
Annie Jameson (muintir Jameson, an drioglann) ba ea máthair Marconi.<ref name=":0" />
Chaith Marconi cuid mhór dá luathshaol sa Ríocht Aontaithe agus ansin i [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]. Shocraigh sé síos san [[An Iodáil|Iodáil]] sa bhliain 1913.
Phós sé Beatrice O’Brien sa bhliain 1905.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.findmypast.ie/blog/discoveries/guglielmo-marconi-the-irish-connection|teideal=Guglielmo Marconi: The radio pioneer with an Irish connection {{!}} Blog {{!}} findmypast.ie|work=www.findmypast.ie|dátarochtana=2020-05-13}}</ref> Bhí triúr clainne acu. Fuair Marconi colscaradh i 1924.
Phós sé bean óg, Maria Cristina Bezzi-Scali (26) ar 12 Meitheamh 1927, in aois 53 dó.
[[Faisisteachas|Faisistí]] go smior, frith-sheimíteach agus dearcadh coilíneach aige, thacaigh sé [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini]] agus an [[cogadh]] san [[An Aetóip|Aetóip]].
=== Bás ===
Bhuail [[taom croí]] Marconi sa bhliain 1937, in aois 63 bliain dó. A naoú taom croí, strus ba chúis leis is cosúil.
Bronnadh sochraid stáit air sa [[An Róimh|Róimh]] i ndiaidh a bháis.
[[Íomhá:Marconi Plaque - geograph.org.uk - 1472951.jpg|clé|mion]]
Inniu, tá [[leacht]] [[Cuimhne|chuimhneacháin]] sa [[Calafort|chalafort]] i m[[Baile an Chaistil]] i gcuimhne ar Guglielmo Marconi.
==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Marconi, Guglielmo}}
[[Catagóir:Aireagóirí]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1937]]
[[Catagóir:Buaiteoirí Dhuais Nobel na Fisice]]
[[Catagóir:Craoltóireacht]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1874]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine de bhunadh na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Faisistithe]]
[[Catagóir:Fisiceoirí Iodálacha]]
[[Catagóir:Frith-Sheimíteachas]]
[[Catagóir:Raidió]]
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Ard Mhacha
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{{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}}
Is é '''Ard Mhacha''' (Béarla:''Armagh'', [[An Ultais]]:''Airmagh'') príomhchathair [[contae Ard Mhacha|Chontae Ard Mhacha]]. Ba in Ard Mhacha a thóg [[Naomh Pádraig]] a chéad eaglais cloiche in 444AD agus tá ardeaglaisí ag an [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach]] agus ag [[Eaglais na hÉireann]] sa chathair faoi láthair. Tá [[Brian Bóramha|Brian Bóirmhe]], a bhí ina Ardrí ar Éirinn go dtí 1014, curtha in Ard Mhacha.
Rangaithe go staitistiúil mar bhaile meánmhéide ag NISRA. Tugadh stádas cathrach d’Ard Mhacha i 1994 agus stádas Ard-Mhéara sa bhliain 2012. Bhí daonra 16,310 duine ann i nDaonáireamh 2021.[[Íomhá:Cathedrale d Armagh.jpg|mionsamhail|Ard eaglais |alt=|clé]]Creidtear gur úsáideadh Eamhain Mhacha, ar imeall thiar Ard Mhacha, mar shuíomh deasghnátha nó searmanais ársa págánacha. De réir mhodheolaíocht na hÉireann ba í príomhchathair Uladh tráth, go dtí gur tréigeadh é le linn an 1ú haois. Ainmníodh an suíomh i ndiaidh an bhandia Mcha, agus de réir mar a d’fhás an lonnaíocht ar na cnoic in aice láimhe, ainmníodh é freisin i ndiaidh an bandia Macha.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://oneillcountryhistoricalsociety.com/history/armagh/|teideal=Armagh|language=en-US|work=O'Neill Country Historical Society|dátarochtana=2025-01-15}}</ref>{{Cathracha in Éirinn}}
{{síol}}
[[Catagóir:Bailte i gContae Ard Mhacha]]
[[Catagóir:Bailte contae i dTuaisceart Éireann]]
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Alfred Nobel
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
[[Ceimic]]eoir, [[innealtóireacht|innealtóir]], [[an tSualainn|Sualannach]] agus an té a chéadcheap [[dinimít|dinimít]], ab ea '''Alfred Bernhard Nobel''' ([[21 Deireadh Fómhair]] [[1833]], [[Stócólm]], [[an tSualainn]] - [[10 Nollaig|10 Mí na Nollag]] [[1896]], San Remo, [[an Iodáil]]).
==Aireagáin ==
Nuair a rinne an ceimicí [[An Iodáil|Iodálach]] Ascanio Sobrero den chéad uair [[nítriglicrín]] i [[1846]], ceapadh go raibh sé inláimhsithe go sábháilte ar éigin. Ach thaispeáin Alfred Nobel i [[1867]] conas a láimhseáil a dhéanamh níos sábháilte le ceimiceáin mhaolaithe a mheascadh leis, agus mar thoradh, d'éirigh an nítriglicrín an-choitianta<ref>Hussey, Matt - Fréamh an Eolais (Coiscéim 2011) </ref>. Ansin d'fhionn sé foirm shábháilte inláimhsithe de nítriglicrín, a dtugtar [[dinimít]] uirthi.
Níos déanaí d'fhionn Nobel [[púdar gunna]] gan [[deatach]], agus i [[1875|1875]], [[geilignít]].
Ainmníodh an dúil shintéiseach úd [[nóbailiam|nóbailiam]] dó.
==Na Duaiseanna Nobel==
Bhronn Nobel suim ollmhór [[Airgead (eacnamaíocht)|airgid]] chun duaiseanna bliantúla a mhaoiniú. Ar an [[10 Nollaig]] [[1901]], bronnadh [[Duais Nobel|Duaiseanna Nobel]] den chéad uair (an fhisic, an cheimic, an fhiseolaíocht / míochaine, an litríocht, agus an síocháin<ref>Bhunaigh Banc Náisiúnta na Sualainne duais eile san eacnamaíocht i 1969 a dtugtar "Duais Nobel" air.</ref>).
==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}
{{Síol-beath}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nobel, Alfred}}
[[Catagóir:Aireagóirí]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1896]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1833]]
[[Catagóir:Duais Nobel]]
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
[[Ceimic]]eoir, [[innealtóireacht|innealtóir]], [[an tSualainn|Sualannach]] agus an té a chéadcheap [[dinimít|dinimít]], ab ea '''Alfred Bernhard Nobel''' ([[21 Deireadh Fómhair]] [[1833]], [[Stócólm]], [[an tSualainn]] - [[10 Nollaig|10 Mí na Nollag]] [[1896]], San Remo, [[an Iodáil]]).
==Aireagáin ==
Nuair a rinne an ceimicí [[An Iodáil|Iodálach]] Ascanio Sobrero den chéad uair [[nítriglicrín]] i [[1846]], ceapadh go raibh sé inláimhsithe go sábháilte ar éigin. Ach thaispeáin Alfred Nobel i [[1867]] conas a láimhseáil a dhéanamh níos sábháilte le ceimiceáin mhaolaithe a mheascadh leis, agus mar thoradh, d'éirigh an nítriglicrín an-choitianta<ref>Hussey, Matt - Fréamh an Eolais (Coiscéim 2011) </ref>. Ansin d'fhionn sé foirm shábháilte inláimhsithe de nítriglicrín, a dtugtar [[dinimít]] uirthi.
Níos déanaí d'fhionn Nobel [[púdar gunna]] gan [[deatach]], agus i [[1875|1875]], [[geilignít]].
Ainmníodh an dúil shintéiseach úd [[nóbailiam|nóbailiam]] dó.
==Na Duaiseanna Nobel==
Bhronn Nobel suim ollmhór [[Airgead (eacnamaíocht)|airgid]] chun duaiseanna bliantúla a mhaoiniú. Ar an [[10 Nollaig]] [[1901]], bronnadh [[Duais Nobel|Duaiseanna Nobel]] den chéad uair (an fhisic, an cheimic, an fhiseolaíocht / míochaine, an litríocht, agus an síocháin<ref>Bhunaigh Banc Náisiúnta na Sualainne duais eile san eacnamaíocht i 1969 a dtugtar "Duais Nobel" air.</ref>).
==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}
{{Síol-beath}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nobel, Alfred}}
[[Catagóir:Aireagóirí]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1896]]
[[Catagóir:Ceimiceoirí Sualannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1833]]
[[Catagóir:Duais Nobel]]
[[Catagóir:Innealtóirí]]
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10 Meitheamh
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{{Meitheamh}}
Is é an '''10 Meitheamh''' an 161ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 162ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 204 lá fágtha sa bhliain.
== Féilte ==
* [[An Phortaingéil]] - Lá [[Luís de Camőes|Camőes]] (Féile náisiúnta)
== Daoine a rugadh an lá seo ==
* [[1676]] — [[Daniel Juslenius]], scríbhneoir Fionlannach (b.[[1752]])
* [[1688]] — [[Séamus Proinsias Éadbhard Stiúbhart]], "Prionsa na Breataine Bige" (b.[[1766]])
* [[1781]] — [[George Stephenson]], innealtóir Sasanach
* [[1819]] — [[Gustave Courbet]], péintéir Francach
* [[1891]] — [[Battling Levinsky]], dornálaí Meiriceánach
* [[1895]] — [[Hattie McDaniel]], ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach
* [[1898]] — [[Philip Brady]], polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[1906]] — [[Väinö Riikkilä]], scríbhneoir Fionlannach
* [[1908]] — [[Gerard Sweetman]], polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[1908]] — [[Thomas Burke (An Clár)|Thomas Burke]], polaiteoir neamhspleách Éireannach
* [[1909]] — [[Langley George Hancock]], fear gnó Astrálach
* [[1915]] — [[Saul Bellow]], scríbhneoir (b.[[2005]])
* [[1921]] — [[Patrick Cummins]], polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[1921]] — [[Prionsa Pilib, Diúc Dhún Éideann]] (b. [[2021]])
* [[1922]] — [[Judy Garland]], ban-aisteoir agus amhránaí Meiriceánach
* [[1927]] — [[Eugene Parker]], réalteolaí Meiriceánach
* [[1929]] — [[Edward Osborne Wilson|Edward O. Wilson]], bitheolaí, nádúraí, agus scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
* [[1936]] — [[Brendan Duddy]], fear gnó as Doire
* [[1943]] — [[Simon Jenkins]], iriseoir Sasanach
* [[1953]] — [[John Edwards]], polaiteoir
* [[1957]] — [[Lindsay Hoyle]], polaiteoir Sasanach
* [[1959]] — [[Carlo Ancelotti]], imreoir agus bainisteoir sacair
* [[1959]] — [[Mary Mitchell O'Connor]], polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[1964]] — [[Stuart McCall]], imreoir sacair agus bainisteoir
* [[1966]] — [[David Platt (peileadóir)|David Platt]], imreoir sacair Sasanach
* [[1967]] — [[Heimir Hallgrímsson]], imreoir sacair agus bainisteoir Íoslannach
* [[1972]] — [[Sundar Pichai]], fear gnó Indiach-Meiriceánach
* [[1975]] — [[Henrik Pedersen]], imreoir sacair
* [[1984]] — [[Ryan Thomas]], aisteoir Briotanach
* [[1985]] — [[Kaia Kanepi]], imreoir leadóige Eastónach
* [[1987]] — [[James McGee]], imreoir leadóige Éireannach
== Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo ==
* [[1190]] — [[Feardorcha I (Impire Naofa Rómhánach)|Feardorcha I]], Impire Naofa Rómhánach (r. [[1122]])
* [[1744]] — [[Alexander Pope]], file Sasanach (r. [[1688]])
* [[1836]] — [[André-Marie Ampère]], fisiceoir agus matamaiticeoir Francach (r. [[1775]])
* [[1858]] — [[Robert Brown]], luibheolaí Albanach (r. [[1773]])
* [[1923]] — [[Francis Ferran]], polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[1924]] — [[Giacomo Matteotti]], polaiteoir Iodálach (r. [[1885]])
* [[1926]] — [[Antoni Gaudí]], 73, ailtire (r. [[1852]])
* [[1934]] — [[Frederick Delius]], cumadóir Sasanach (r. [[1862]])
* [[1940]] — [[Marcus Garvey]], gníomhaí, Pan-Afracach, óráidí, agus fiontraí a rugadh in Iamáice (r. [[1887]])
* [[1944]] — [[Proinsias Ó Riain]], poblachtánach Éireannach (r. [[1902]])
* [[1946]] — [[Jack Johnson]], Dornálaí Meiriceánach (r. [[1878]])
* [[1949]] — [[Sigrid Undset]], scríbhneoir Ioruach (r. [[1882]])
* [[1951]] — [[Seoirse Gabhán Ó Dubhthaigh]], polaiteoir, abhcóide, agus breitheamh Éireannach (r. [[1882]])
* [[1957]] — [[John Lynch (Ciarraí)|John Lynch]], polaiteoir Éireannach de chuid Fine Gael (r. [[1889]])
* [[1967]] — [[Spencer Tracy]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1900]])
* [[1971]] — [[John Gill]], polaiteoir agus ceardchumannaí Éireannach (r. [[1898]])
* [[1971]] — [[Michael Rennie]], aisteoir Sasanach (r. [[1909]])
* [[1989]] — [[Richard Quine]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1920]])
* [[1993]] — [[Les Dawson]], fuirseoir Sasanach (r.[[1931]])
* [[1995]] — [[Liam Budhlaeir]], craoltóir agus iriseoir Éireannach (r. [[1923]])
* [[1998]] — [[Bernard Alliot]], scríbhneoir Francach (r. [[1938]])
* [[1998]] — [[Paudge Brennan]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1922]])
* [[1999]] — [[J. E. Caerwyn Williams]], scoláire Breatnach (r. [[1912]])
* [[2000]] — [[Hafez al-Assad]], uachtarán na Siria (r. [[1930]])
* [[2004]] — [[Ray Charles]], 73, amhránaí agus pianódóir (r. [[1930]])
* [[2011]] — [[Brian Seosamh Ó Luineacháin]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1959]])
* [[2016]] — [[Christina Grimmie]], amhránaí Meiriceánach (r. [[1994]])
* [[2017]] — [[Reg Hindley]], údar Sasanach (r. [[1929]])
== Imeachtaí eile ==
* [[1967]] - Cuireadh deireadh le [[Cogadh na Sé Lá]] idir [[Iosrael]] agus [[an tSiria]]
[[Catagóir:Dátaí|0610]]
[[Catagóir:Míonna|Meitheamh, 10]]
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{{Meitheamh}}
Is é an '''10 Meitheamh''' an 161ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 162ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 204 lá fágtha sa bhliain.
== Féilte ==
* [[An Phortaingéil]] - Lá [[Luís de Camőes|Camőes]] (Féile náisiúnta)
== Daoine a rugadh an lá seo ==
* [[1676]] — [[Daniel Juslenius]], scríbhneoir Fionlannach (b.[[1752]])
* [[1688]] — [[Séamus Proinsias Éadbhard Stiúbhart]], "Prionsa na Breataine Bige" (b.[[1766]])
* [[1781]] — [[George Stephenson]], innealtóir Sasanach (b. [[1848]])
* [[1819]] — [[Gustave Courbet]], péintéir Francach (b. [[1877]])
* [[1891]] — [[Battling Levinsky]], dornálaí Meiriceánach (b. [[1949]])
* [[1895]] — [[Hattie McDaniel]], ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach (b. [[1952]])
* [[1898]] — [[Philip Brady]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1995]])
* [[1906]] — [[Väinö Riikkilä]], scríbhneoir Fionlannach (b. [[1969]])
* [[1908]] — [[Gerard Sweetman]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1970]])
* [[1908]] — [[Thomas Burke (An Clár)|Thomas Burke]], polaiteoir neamhspleách Éireannach (b. [[1951]])
* [[1909]] — [[Langley George Hancock]], fear gnó Astrálach (b. [[1992]])
* [[1915]] — [[Saul Bellow]], scríbhneoir (b.[[2005]])
* [[1921]] — [[Patrick Cummins]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[2009]])
* [[1921]] — [[Prionsa Pilib, Diúc Dhún Éideann]] (b. [[2021]])
* [[1922]] — [[Judy Garland]], ban-aisteoir agus amhránaí Meiriceánach (b. [[1969]])
* [[1927]] — [[Eugene Parker]], réalteolaí Meiriceánach (b. [[2022]])
* [[1929]] — [[Edward Osborne Wilson|Edward O. Wilson]], bitheolaí, nádúraí, agus scríbhneoir Meiriceánach (b. [[2021]])
* [[1936]] — [[Brendan Duddy]], fear gnó as Doire (b. [[2017]])
* [[1943]] — [[Simon Jenkins]], iriseoir Sasanach
* [[1953]] — [[John Edwards]], polaiteoir
* [[1957]] — [[Lindsay Hoyle]], polaiteoir Sasanach
* [[1959]] — [[Carlo Ancelotti]], imreoir agus bainisteoir sacair
* [[1959]] — [[Mary Mitchell O'Connor]], polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[1964]] — [[Stuart McCall]], imreoir sacair agus bainisteoir
* [[1966]] — [[David Platt (peileadóir)|David Platt]], imreoir sacair Sasanach
* [[1967]] — [[Heimir Hallgrímsson]], imreoir sacair agus bainisteoir Íoslannach
* [[1972]] — [[Sundar Pichai]], fear gnó Indiach-Meiriceánach
* [[1975]] — [[Henrik Pedersen]], imreoir sacair
* [[1984]] — [[Ryan Thomas]], aisteoir Briotanach
* [[1985]] — [[Kaia Kanepi]], imreoir leadóige Eastónach
* [[1987]] — [[James McGee]], imreoir leadóige Éireannach
== Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo ==
* [[1190]] — [[Feardorcha I (Impire Naofa Rómhánach)|Feardorcha I]], Impire Naofa Rómhánach (r. [[1122]])
* [[1744]] — [[Alexander Pope]], file Sasanach (r. [[1688]])
* [[1836]] — [[André-Marie Ampère]], fisiceoir agus matamaiticeoir Francach (r. [[1775]])
* [[1858]] — [[Robert Brown]], luibheolaí Albanach (r. [[1773]])
* [[1923]] — [[Francis Ferran]], polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[1924]] — [[Giacomo Matteotti]], polaiteoir Iodálach (r. [[1885]])
* [[1926]] — [[Antoni Gaudí]], 73, ailtire (r. [[1852]])
* [[1934]] — [[Frederick Delius]], cumadóir Sasanach (r. [[1862]])
* [[1940]] — [[Marcus Garvey]], gníomhaí, Pan-Afracach, óráidí, agus fiontraí a rugadh in Iamáice (r. [[1887]])
* [[1944]] — [[Proinsias Ó Riain]], poblachtánach Éireannach (r. [[1902]])
* [[1946]] — [[Jack Johnson]], Dornálaí Meiriceánach (r. [[1878]])
* [[1949]] — [[Sigrid Undset]], scríbhneoir Ioruach (r. [[1882]])
* [[1951]] — [[Seoirse Gabhán Ó Dubhthaigh]], polaiteoir, abhcóide, agus breitheamh Éireannach (r. [[1882]])
* [[1957]] — [[John Lynch (Ciarraí)|John Lynch]], polaiteoir Éireannach de chuid Fine Gael (r. [[1889]])
* [[1967]] — [[Spencer Tracy]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1900]])
* [[1971]] — [[John Gill]], polaiteoir agus ceardchumannaí Éireannach (r. [[1898]])
* [[1971]] — [[Michael Rennie]], aisteoir Sasanach (r. [[1909]])
* [[1989]] — [[Richard Quine]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1920]])
* [[1993]] — [[Les Dawson]], fuirseoir Sasanach (r.[[1931]])
* [[1995]] — [[Liam Budhlaeir]], craoltóir agus iriseoir Éireannach (r. [[1923]])
* [[1998]] — [[Bernard Alliot]], scríbhneoir Francach (r. [[1938]])
* [[1998]] — [[Paudge Brennan]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1922]])
* [[1999]] — [[J. E. Caerwyn Williams]], scoláire Breatnach (r. [[1912]])
* [[2000]] — [[Hafez al-Assad]], uachtarán na Siria (r. [[1930]])
* [[2004]] — [[Ray Charles]], 73, amhránaí agus pianódóir (r. [[1930]])
* [[2011]] — [[Brian Seosamh Ó Luineacháin]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1959]])
* [[2016]] — [[Christina Grimmie]], amhránaí Meiriceánach (r. [[1994]])
* [[2017]] — [[Reg Hindley]], údar Sasanach (r. [[1929]])
== Imeachtaí eile ==
* [[1967]] - Cuireadh deireadh le [[Cogadh na Sé Lá]] idir [[Iosrael]] agus [[an tSiria]]
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{{Meitheamh}}
Is é an '''10 Meitheamh''' an 161ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 162ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 204 lá fágtha sa bhliain.
== Féilte ==
* [[An Phortaingéil]] - Lá [[Luís de Camőes|Camőes]] (Féile náisiúnta)
== Daoine a rugadh an lá seo ==
* [[1676]] — [[Daniel Juslenius]], scríbhneoir Fionlannach (b.[[1752]])
* [[1688]] — [[Séamus Proinsias Éadbhard Stiúbhart]], "Prionsa na Breataine Bige" (b.[[1766]])
* [[1781]] — [[George Stephenson]], innealtóir Sasanach (b. [[1848]])
* [[1819]] — [[Gustave Courbet]], péintéir Francach (b. [[1877]])
* [[1891]] — [[Battling Levinsky]], dornálaí Meiriceánach (b. [[1949]])
* [[1895]] — [[Hattie McDaniel]], ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach (b. [[1952]])
* [[1898]] — [[Philip Brady]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1995]])
* [[1906]] — [[Väinö Riikkilä]], scríbhneoir Fionlannach (b. [[1969]])
* [[1908]] — [[Gerard Sweetman]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[1970]])
* [[1908]] — [[Thomas Burke (An Clár)|Thomas Burke]], polaiteoir neamhspleách Éireannach (b. [[1951]])
* [[1909]] — [[Langley George Hancock]], fear gnó Astrálach (b. [[1992]])
* [[1915]] — [[Saul Bellow]], scríbhneoir (b.[[2005]])
* [[1921]] — [[Patrick Cummins]], polaiteoir Éireannach (b. [[2009]])
* [[1921]] — [[Prionsa Pilib, Diúc Dhún Éideann]] (b. [[2021]])
* [[1922]] — [[Judy Garland]], ban-aisteoir agus amhránaí Meiriceánach (b. [[1969]])
* [[1927]] — [[Eugene Parker]], réalteolaí Meiriceánach (b. [[2022]])
* [[1929]] — [[Edward Osborne Wilson|Edward O. Wilson]], bitheolaí, nádúraí, agus scríbhneoir Meiriceánach (b. [[2021]])
* [[1936]] — [[Brendan Duddy]], fear gnó as Doire (b. [[2017]])
* [[1943]] — [[Simon Jenkins]], iriseoir Sasanach
* [[1953]] — [[John Edwards]], polaiteoir
* [[1957]] — [[Lindsay Hoyle]], polaiteoir Sasanach
* [[1959]] — [[Carlo Ancelotti]], imreoir agus bainisteoir sacair
* [[1959]] — [[Mary Mitchell O'Connor]], polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[1964]] — [[Stuart McCall]], imreoir sacair agus bainisteoir
* [[1966]] — [[David Platt (peileadóir)|David Platt]], imreoir sacair Sasanach
* [[1967]] — [[Heimir Hallgrímsson]], imreoir sacair agus bainisteoir Íoslannach
* [[1972]] — [[Sundar Pichai]], fear gnó Indiach-Meiriceánach
* [[1975]] — [[Henrik Pedersen]], imreoir sacair
* [[1984]] — [[Ryan Thomas]], aisteoir Briotanach
* [[1985]] — [[Kaia Kanepi]], imreoir leadóige Eastónach
* [[1987]] — [[James McGee]], imreoir leadóige Éireannach
== Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo ==
* [[1190]] — [[Feardorcha I (Impire Naofa Rómhánach)|Feardorcha I]], Impire Naofa Rómhánach (r. [[1122]])
* [[1744]] — [[Alexander Pope]], file Sasanach (r. [[1688]])
* [[1836]] — [[André-Marie Ampère]], fisiceoir agus matamaiticeoir Francach (r. [[1775]])
* [[1858]] — [[Robert Brown]], luibheolaí Albanach (r. [[1773]])
* [[1923]] — [[Francis Ferran]], polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[1924]] — [[Giacomo Matteotti]], polaiteoir Iodálach (r. [[1885]])
* [[1926]] — [[Antoni Gaudí]], 73, ailtire (r. [[1852]])
* [[1934]] — [[Frederick Delius]], cumadóir Sasanach (r. [[1862]])
* [[1940]] — [[Marcus Garvey]], gníomhaí, Pan-Afracach, óráidí, agus fiontraí a rugadh in Iamáice (r. [[1887]])
* [[1944]] — [[Proinsias Ó Riain]], poblachtánach Éireannach (r. [[1902]])
* [[1946]] — [[Jack Johnson]], Dornálaí Meiriceánach (r. [[1878]])
* [[1949]] — [[Sigrid Undset]], scríbhneoir Ioruach (r. [[1882]])
* [[1951]] — [[Seoirse Gabhán Ó Dubhthaigh]], polaiteoir, abhcóide, agus breitheamh Éireannach (r. [[1882]])
* [[1957]] — [[John Lynch (Ciarraí)|John Lynch]], polaiteoir Éireannach de chuid Fine Gael (r. [[1889]])
* [[1967]] — [[Spencer Tracy]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1900]])
* [[1971]] — [[John Gill]], polaiteoir agus ceardchumannaí Éireannach (r. [[1898]])
* [[1971]] — [[Michael Rennie]], aisteoir Sasanach (r. [[1909]])
* [[1989]] — [[Richard Quine]], aisteoir Meiriceánach (r. [[1920]])
* [[1993]] — [[Les Dawson]], fuirseoir Sasanach (r.[[1931]])
* [[1995]] — [[Liam Budhlaeir]], craoltóir agus iriseoir Éireannach (r. [[1923]])
* [[1998]] — [[Bernard Alliot]], scríbhneoir Francach (r. [[1938]])
* [[1998]] — [[Paudge Brennan]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1922]])
* [[1999]] — [[J. E. Caerwyn Williams]], scoláire Breatnach (r. [[1912]])
* [[2000]] — [[Hafez al-Assad]], uachtarán na Siria (r. [[1930]])
* [[2004]] — [[Ray Charles]], 73, amhránaí agus pianódóir (r. [[1930]])
* [[2011]] — [[Brian Seosamh Ó Luineacháin]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1959]])
* [[2016]] — [[Christina Grimmie]], amhránaí Meiriceánach (r. [[1994]])
* [[2017]] — [[Reg Hindley]], údar Sasanach (r. [[1929]])
== Imeachtaí eile ==
* [[1924]] - D'fhuadaigh agus mharaigh [[faisisteachas|faisistithe]] [[sóisialaí]] [[Iodálach]] [[Giacomo Matteotti]] sa [[an Róimh|Róimh]]
* [[1935]] - Bunaíodh [[Na hAlcólaigh gan Ainm]] in [[Akron, Ohio]]
* [[1940]] - [[Dara Cogadh Domhanda]]: d'fhógair [[an Iodáil]] [[faisisteach|fhaisisteach]] cogadh ar [[an Fhrainc]] agus [[an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
* [[1967]] - Cuireadh deireadh le [[Cogadh na Sé Lá]] idir [[Iosrael]] agus [[an tSiria]]
* [[1977]] - D'éalaigh [[James Earl Ray]] as an phríosún. Athghabhadh trí lá ina dhiaidh sin é.
* [[1996]] - Thosaigh cainteanna síochána i d[[Tuaisceart na hÉireann]], gan [[Sinn Féin]]
* [[2009]] - Tharla lámhach i [[Músaem Cuimhneacháin an Uileloiscthe, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá (Washington, DC)|Músaem Cuimhneacháin an Uileloiscthe]], [[Washington, D.C.]]. Maraíodh duine amháin agus gabhadh an lámhachóir.
[[Catagóir:Dátaí|0610]]
[[Catagóir:Míonna|Meitheamh, 10]]
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Is iad na daoine seo ceapadóirí aireagán.
{{Catcómhaoin|Inventors}}
[[Catagóir:Eolaíocht]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine de réir gairme]]
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
[[Tionscal|Tionsclóir]] is [[Innealtóireacht|innealtóir]] [[Meicnic|meicnice]] ba ea '''Henry Ford''', agus bhunaitheoir an Ford Motor Company ([[30 Iúil]], [[1863]] – [[7 Aibreán]] [[1947]]).
== Saol ==
Rugadh Henry Ford gar do Dearbom, [[Michigan]].sa bhliain 1863. Ó 1891 thosaigh sé ag obair do chomhlacht Edison i n[[Detroit, Michigan|Detroi]]<nowiki/>t. Ach ina am saor, shaothraigh Ford feithicil cheathair-rothach, [[Fuinneamh|fuinnmh]]<nowiki/>ithe ag [[inneall dócháin inmheánaigh]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Hussey, Matt|date=2011|url=|title=Fréamh an Eolais|journal=|volume=|issue=|publisher=Coiscéim}}</ref>
[[Íomhá:Ford N.jpg|clé|mion|166x166px|Ford Model N timpeall1906]]
Bhunaigh sé a chomhlacht gluaisteán féin i nDetroit sa bhliain 1903. Rinne réabhlóid bhunúsach sa tionsclaíocht lena mhodh táirgthe, bunaithe ar líne cóimeála, agus thug isteach a Model T sa bhliain 1908. Faoi 1918 ba Model Ts leath de na gluaisteáin sna [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Stáit Aontaithe]].
[[Íomhá:Ford 1921.jpg|clé|mion|166x166px|Henry Ford lena Model T, óstán Iroquois, [[Buffalo, Nua-Eabhrac|Buffalo]] NY 1921]]
Thóg sé an coimpléasc [[monarcha]]<nowiki/>na is mó ar domhan ar bhruacha Abhainn Rouge i nDearbom i 1917-38. Ina dhiaidh sin tháirg sé [[tarracóir]]í is [[Eitleán|eitleáin]].
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
{{síol-beath-us}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ford, Henry}}
[[Ceapadóirí Meiriceánacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1863]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1947]]
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
[[Tionscal|Tionsclóir]] is [[Innealtóireacht|innealtóir]] [[Meicnic|meicnice]] ba ea '''Henry Ford''', agus bhunaitheoir an Ford Motor Company ([[30 Iúil]], [[1863]] – [[7 Aibreán]] [[1947]]).
== Saol ==
Rugadh Henry Ford gar do Dearbom, [[Michigan]].sa bhliain 1863. Ó 1891 thosaigh sé ag obair do chomhlacht Edison i n[[Detroit, Michigan|Detroi]]<nowiki/>t. Ach ina am saor, shaothraigh Ford feithicil cheathair-rothach, [[Fuinneamh|fuinnmh]]<nowiki/>ithe ag [[inneall dócháin inmheánaigh]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Hussey, Matt|date=2011|url=|title=Fréamh an Eolais|journal=|volume=|issue=|publisher=Coiscéim}}</ref>
[[Íomhá:Ford N.jpg|clé|mion|166x166px|Ford Model N timpeall1906]]
Bhunaigh sé a chomhlacht gluaisteán féin i nDetroit sa bhliain 1903. Rinne réabhlóid bhunúsach sa tionsclaíocht lena mhodh táirgthe, bunaithe ar líne cóimeála, agus thug isteach a Model T sa bhliain 1908. Faoi 1918 ba Model Ts leath de na gluaisteáin sna [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Stáit Aontaithe]].
[[Íomhá:Ford 1921.jpg|clé|mion|166x166px|Henry Ford lena Model T, óstán Iroquois, [[Buffalo, Nua-Eabhrac|Buffalo]] NY 1921]]
Thóg sé an coimpléasc [[monarcha]]<nowiki/>na is mó ar domhan ar bhruacha Abhainn Rouge i nDearbom i 1917-38. Ina dhiaidh sin tháirg sé [[tarracóir]]í is [[Eitleán|eitleáin]].
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
{{síol-beath-us}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ford, Henry}}
[[Catagóir:Ceapadóirí Meiriceánacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1863]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1947]]
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
[[Polaitíocht|Polaiteoir]] [[Éire]]annach, ceannaire de chuid [[Fine Gael|Fhine Gael]] agus [[Aire Rialtas|Aire Rialtais]] ab ea an Ginearál '''Risteárd Séamus Ó Maolchatha''', ([[10 Bealtaine]], [[1886]] - [[16 Nollaig]], [[1971]]).<ref name="Ainm">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=760|title=Ó MAOLCHATHA, Risteárd (1886–1971) {{!}} ainm.ie|author=[[Diarmuid Breathnach]] agus [[Máire Ní Mhurchú]]|access-date=2024-02-19|language=ga|work=[[Ainm.ie|An Bunachar Náisiúnta Beathaisnéisí Gaeilge]] (Ainm.ie)}}</ref>[[Íomhá:General Richard Mulcahy 1922 cropped.jpg|clé|mion|199x199px|1922]]
== Saol ==
[[Íomhá:Gen. Richard Mulcahy & wife LCCN2014718742.jpg|clé|mion|207x207px|15 M.F. 1922ː an Maolchathach (Ardcheannasaí ag an am) agus a bhean chéile, ina gcónaí sa bheairic airm Portobello BÁC ag an am]]
Ghlac an Maolchathach páirt in [[Éirí Amach na Cásca]]; bhí sé mar leas-cheannasaí ar dhíorma d'Óglaigh a d'ionsaigh póilíní i [[Cill Dhéagláin|gCill Dhéagláin]]. Bhí [[Tomás Ághas]] i gceannas an díorma sin.
D'éirigh Ó Maolchatha ina mhac léinn [[Míochaine|leighis]] i g[[An Coláiste Ollscoile, Baile Átha Cliath|Coláiste na hOllscoile, BÁC]] i mí Meán Fómhair 1916<ref>"Ernie O'Malley" le Richard English [https://books.google.fr/books?id=DyUSDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA126&lpg=PA126&dq=%22richard+mulcahy%22+++medicine+ucd&source=bl&ots=DpOEuhkRgV&sig=Cf1Vv_H33Za4OZVqLr-q4J-AwKU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi8wryez9DZAhUIshQKHbJqC7QQ6AEITDAF#v=onepage&q=%22richard%20mulcahy%22%20%20%20medicine%20ucd&f=false lch 126]</ref> agus é 30 bliain d'aois. [[Íomhá:General Richard Mulcahy bust.JPG|mion|Cuimhneachán, BÁC|clé|200x200px]]
Ceapadh Ó Maolchatha mar Cheann Foirne ar [[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1913-1919)|Óglaigh na hÉireann]] (na Volunteers ag an am) ar an 23 Márta 1918.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-James-Mulcahy|teideal=Richard James Mulcahy {{!}} Irish soldier and politician|language=en|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|dátarochtana=2021-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://centenaries.ucd.ie/1912-1923-timeline/|teideal=1912 – 1923 Timeline – UCD Decade of Centenaries|language=en-US|dátarochtana=2021-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/mulcahy-and-collins-a-conjunction-of-opposites/|teideal=Mulcahy and Collins—a conjunction of opposites|dáta=2013-02-28|work=History Ireland|dátarochtana=2021-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Portrait of a Revolutionary: General Richard Mulcahy and the Founding of the Irish Free State|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YGizfkDzVXEC&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=%22chief+of+staff%22++++%22richard+mulcahy%22+++%221918%22++march+medical+student&source=bl&ots=tyZYZe4tai&sig=ACfU3U1iPhQGlsG0uNYuhZQxIhxAl8DVWg&hl=ga&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiavPzTsMfvAhVJD2MBHcu_DxYQ6AEwGXoECAYQAw#v=onepage&q=%22chief%20of%20staff%22%20%20%20%20%22richard%20mulcahy%22%20%20%20%221918%22%20%20march%20medical%20student&f=false|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|date=1992-01-01|language=en|author=Maryann Gialanella Valiulis}}</ref> Choimeád sé oifig i halla na Ceimice i Roinn na Síceolaíochta ar Ardán Phort an Iarla, áit a chuir sé i gcrích a chuid cúraimí mar Cheann Foirne.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://centenaries.ucd.ie/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/83980-UCD-Decade-of-Centenaries_A5-IRISH_FA_download_v2.pdf|teideal=Deich mBliana na gCuimhneachán i UCD|údar=centenaries.ucd.ie|dáta=2013|dátarochtana=2021}}</ref>
Toghadh Ó Maolchatha mar [[Teachta Dála|Theachta Dála]] san olltoghchán i mí na Nollag 1918.
D''éirigh Ó Maolchatha as an staidéar i 1919. Bhí sé ina Cheann Foirne le linn [[Cogadh na Saoirse (Éire)|Chogadh na Saoirse]], mar aon le bheith mar Leas-Aire Cosanta.
Ghlac Ó Maolchatha leis an gConradh agus ceapadh mar Ard-Cheannasaí ar an [[Fórsaí armtha|Arm]] é nuair a maraíodh [[Micheál Ó Coileáin]] i mí Lúnasa 1922. Dar le Ó Maolchatha, ba cheart poblachtánaigh a chur chun báis chun deireadh gasta a chur leis an g[[Cogadh Cathartha na hÉireann|Cogadh Cathartha]].
== Gaeilge ==
Bhí Gaeilge ar a thoil aige (chaith sé seal ag obair i g[[Contae Chiarraí]] agus i g[[Contae Chorcaí]])<ref>Ronan Fanning, "Richard Mulcahy - UCD Decade of Centenaries" 1 Aibreán 2015 http://centenaries.ucd.ie/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Mulcahy-Richard.pdf</ref>.
Bhí an Maolchathach ina chathaoirleach ar Choimisiún na Gaeltachta i 1925 ach ba chionsiocair é "leis an réiteach liopasta agus an neamh-shainmhíniú Gaeltachta mar aonad teangeolaíoch i 1925".<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://1lib.us/book/5868287/fdb3f6|teideal=Aisti ar an Nua-Ghaeilge: In omos do Bhreandan O Buachalla (Cois Life)|údar=Ni Laoire, Siobhan agus Doyle, Aidan|dáta=2006|work=1lib.us z library|dátarochtana=2021-03-23}}{{Dead link|date=Samhain 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Ar an [[6 Meitheamh]] [[1928]], shínigh Risteárd Ua Maolchatha, a bhí ina [[Aire Rialtas|Aire Rialtais]] Áitiúil agus Sláinte ag an am, Ionstraim Reachtúil Uimhir 33 de 1928, ''Local Offices and Employments (Gaeltacht) Order'', 1928. Faoi na rialacháin nua seo, bheadh tréimhse trí bliana ag aon fhostaithe nua a mbeadh cúraimí [[An Ghaeltacht|Gaeltacht]]<nowiki/>a orthu sna húdaráis áitiúla nó sna húdaráis sláinte le hoiread Gaeilge a shealbhú, le go bhféadfaidís a gcuid oibre a dhéanamh trí mheán na [[Teangacha Ceilteacha|teanga]] sin<ref>Seán Ó Cuirreáin, 3 Meán Fómhair 2013 "An fhírinne shearbh faoin stát is an Ghaeilge" https://antuairisceoir.com/2013/09/03/an-fhirinne-shearbh-faoin-stat-is-an-ghaeilge/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114135149/https://antuairisceoir.com/2013/09/03/an-fhirinne-shearbh-faoin-stat-is-an-ghaeilge/ |date=2017-11-14 }}</ref>. Ach níor cuireadh an riail seo i bhfeidhm riamh.
<gallery>
Richard Mulcahy (6694595497).jpg|Risteárd Ó Maolchatha
Piece 207-135; Richard Mulcahy (1922).pdf|page=32|Comhad faisnéise míleata ar Richard Mulcahy ó Arm na Breataine Móire
</gallery>
== Féach freisin ==
* [[:Catagóir:Baile Átha Cliath Thiar-Thuaidh |Polaiteoirí i mBÁC Thiar-Thuaidh ]]
* [[Baile Átha Cliath Thiar-Thuaidh (Dáilcheantar)]]
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Baile Átha Cliath Thiar-Thuaidh ]]
[[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí as Baile Átha Cliath]]
{{Teachtaí Dála an 1ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 2ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 3ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 4ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 5ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 6ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 7ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 8ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 10ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 12ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 13ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 14ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 15ú Dáil}}
{{Teachtaí Dála an 16ú Dáil}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Maolchatha, Risteard Ó}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1886]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1971]]
[[Catagóir:Airí Rialtais na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Baill Chumann na nGaedheal]]
[[Catagóir:Baill Shinn Féin]]
[[Catagóir:Baill d'Óglaigh na hÉireann (1917-1922)]]
[[Catagóir:Baill de BPÉ]]
[[Catagóir:Ceannairí Fhine Gael]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 1ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 2ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 3ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 4ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 5ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 6ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 7ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 8ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 10ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 12ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 14ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 15ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 16ú Dáil]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 2ú Seanad]]
[[Catagóir:Baill den 4ú Seanad]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae Phort Láirge]]
[[Catagóir:Feisirí de Pharlaimint na Ríochta Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Fir]]
[[Catagóir:Pearsanra míleata]]
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Deartháireacha Wright
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Ceapadóirí agus ceannródaithe eitlíochta ab ea na '''Deartháireacha Wright''' ('''Orville Wright''' agus '''Wilbur Wright'''). Cheap siad an t-eitleán.
== Luathshaol ==
Deartháireacha Meiriceánacha a saolaíodh i nDayton, Ohio is Millville, Indiana faoi seach. Mhúscail léirithe d'[[Faoileoir|fhaoileoir]]í a suim san eitilt sna 1890idí.
== Gnó ==
Thógadar aerárthaigh ina siopa deisiúcháin rothar i nDayton ar dtús. Chuireadar feabhas ar fhaoileoirí, agus faoi dheireadh chuir Orville inneall i gceann díobh.
[[Íomhá:WrightPatentIntro.jpg|link=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Domh%C3%A1:WrightPatentIntro.jpg|clé|mion|Chuir na Wright paitinn air]]
Tar éis an chéad [[Faoileoir|fhaoileor]]<nowiki/>a, a chruthaigh [[George Cayley]] i 1853 agus a thaispeáin gur féidir árthach nearnh[[Fuinneamh|fhuinnmh]]<nowiki/>ithe is troime ná an t-[[aer]] a eitilt<ref>Hussey, Matt - Fréamh an Eolais (Coiscéim 2011)</ref>, chláraigh na Wright a n-inneall eitilte agus chuir siad paitinn air ar an 23 Márta 1903.
[[Íomhá:Wrightflyer.jpg|clé|mion]]
Dúirt Orville Wright gur rinne sé an chéad eitilt in eitleán fuinnmhithe i 1903.<ref>de réir [[Matt Hussey]], is iad seo príomhchodanna an eitleáin: an chabhail, na sciatháin, an feisteas tuirlingthe, na hailearáin ar dromchlaí rialú airde iad, an stiúir treo ar dromchla rialú treo é, na hardaitheoirí ar dromchlaí ardaithe iad, agus na hinnill dócháin inmheánaigh nó scairdinnill chun an t-eitleán a fhuinnmhiú ina iotnláine. </ref> Creidtear go minic gurb iad na daoine a rinne an chéad eitilt faoi chumhacht innill riamh in Kitty Hawk, [[Carolina Thuaidh]] ar an [[17 Nollaig]], [[1903]]. Ach ní raibh daoine ann chun é a chruthú.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.wdl.org/en/item/11372/|teideal=Telegram from Orville Wright in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, to His Father Announcing Four Successful Flights, 1903 December 17|dáta=1903-12-17|work=www.wdl.org|dátarochtana=2020-10-23}}</ref>
Tar éis an éacht seo, dhear na deartháireacha eitleáin fuinnmhithe eile sna blianta ina ndiaidh. Deimhníodh na heitiltí sa bhliain 1908 don chéad uair<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Wright brothers|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wright_brothers&oldid=984437845|journal=Wikipedia|date=2020-10-20|language=en}}</ref> Ach fíordheimhníodh na heitiltí a rinne [[Alberto Santos-Dumont]] i 1906 i bPáras<ref>Gibbs-Smith, Charles H. [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1959/1959%20-%200938.html "Hops and Flights: A roll call of early powered take-offs."] ''Flight'', Volume 75, Issue 2619, 3 April 1959, p. 469 https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1959/1959%20-%200938.html</ref>. Níor bhunaigh na deartháireacha Wright [[comhlacht]] déantúsaíochta aerárthach ach sa bhliain 1909.
== Oidhreacht ==
Mhúin na deartháireacha Wright an [[eitleoireacht]] do [[Chance Milton Vought]], agus bhí sé mar phríomhinnealtóir i gcomhlacht Wright gur bhunaigh a chomhlacht féin, in éineacht le Birdseye Lewis, i [[1917]], mar atá Lewis & Vought Corp.
== Féach freisin ==
* [[Alberto Santos-Dumont]]
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wright,Dearthaireacha}}
[[Catagóir:Ceapadóirí Meiriceánacha]]
[[Catagóir:Eitleoirí Meiriceánacha]]
[[Catagóir:Innealtóirí Meiriceánacha]]
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Catagóir:Fealsúna Éireannacha
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[[Catagóir:Fealsúna de réir náisiúntachta|Éire]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Éireannacha de réir slí bheatha|Fea]]
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Craobh Iomána Shinsearach na hÉireann 2006
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Comórtas Spóirt}}
[[Íomhá:Gaelic Athletic Association.png|deas|250px|thumb|[[Cumann Lúthchleas Gael]].]]
Ba chomórtas [[iománaíocht]]a í '''[[Craobh Iomána Shinsearach na hÉireann]] 2006''', a thosaigh ar [[21 Bealtaine]] [[2006]]. Bronnadh an [[Corn Liam Mac Carthaigh]] ar an bhfoireann [[CLG Coiste Contae Cill Chainnigh|Cill Chainnigh]], don 29ú uair, nuair a fuair siad an lámh in uachtar i gcoinne [[CLG Coiste Contae Chorcaí|Corcaigh]] i b[[Páirc an Chrócaigh]], [[Baile Átha Cliath]] ar [[3 Meán Fómhair]].
B'é [[Guinness]] an t-urraitheoir.
== Struchtúr ==
I gcraobhchomórtas 2006, cuireadh dhá contae déag isteach chun imirt i gcoinne a gcéile i Sraith 1. Go bunúsach, b'iad na contaetha a ghlac páirt i Sraith 1 den [[Sraithchomórtas Iomána Náisiúnta|Shraithchomórtas Iomána Náisiúnta]] sa bhliain seo, ach amháin Baile Átha Cliath, a bhí i Sraith 2.
=== Sraith 1 ===
Na foirne a chuireadh i Sraith 1 ná:
* [[Laighean]]: [[CLG Coiste Contae Áth Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]], [[CLG Coiste Contae Cill Chainnigh|Cill Chainnigh]], [[CLG Coiste Laois|Laois]], [[CLG Coiste Uíbh Fhailí|Uíbh Fhailí]], [[CLG Coiste Chontae na hIarmhí|An Iarmhí]], [[CLG Coiste Loch Garman|Loch Garman]]
* [[Mumhain]]: [[CLG Coiste Chontae an Chláir|An Chlár]], [[CLG Coiste Contae Chorcaí|Corcaigh]], [[CLG Coiste Luimneach|Luimneach]], [[CLG, Coiste Contae Thiobraid Árainn|Tiobrád Árann]], [[CLG Coiste Phort Láirge|Port Láirge]]
* [[Connacht]]: [[CLG, Coiste Chontae na Gaillimhe|Gaillimh]]
Imríodh Craobh Laighean agus Craobh Mumhain mar is gnách, agus chuaigh na buaiteoirí díreach isteach sna cluichí ceathrú-ceannais.
'''Nóta:''' Ní raibh aon fhoireann as gContae Uladh ag glacadh páirt, mar thit Aontroim síos go dtí g[[Corn Uí Rinn]].
=== Cáiliúchán ===
Cuireadh na seacht foireann eile as Laighean agus Mumhain le chéile le Gaillimh in dhá grúpaí cáiliúchán, A agus B.
* Grúpa A: Imríodh gach foireann i gcoinne a gcéile uair amháin (3 cluichí do gach foireann)
* Grúpa B: Imríodh gach foireann i gcoinne a gcéile uair amháin (3 cluichí do gach foireann)
=== Cluichí ceathrú-ceannais ===
Chuaigh na buaiteoirí as Grúpa A agus Grúpa B isteach sna cluichí ceathrú-ceannais, in éineacht leis na buaiteoirí agus dara contaetha as Laighean agus Mumhain. D'imir siad in éadan a gcéile mar seo a leanas:
# Buaiteoirí Laighean in éadan an dara contae ó ghrúpa amháin
# Buaiteoirí Mhumhain in éadan an dara contae ón ngrúpa eile
# An dara contae Laighean in éadan buaiteoirí ó ghrúpa amháin
# An dara contae Mhumhain in éadan buaiteoirí ón ngrúpa eile
== Craobh Laighean ==
{{Teimpléad:Bosca spóirt |
dáta = [[21 Bealtaine]], [[2006]]|
foireann1 = [[Íomhá:Offalynewcrest.jpg|20px|]] [[CLG Coiste Uíbh Fhailí|Uíbh Fhailí]]|
scór = 2-12 – 0-8|
foireann2 = [[CLG Coiste Laois|Laois]] [[Íomhá:Laoiscocologo.png|20px|]] |
staid = 14.00 [[Páirc Uí Mhórdha]] |
freastal = |
réiteoir = Jack Ryan|
scórálaithe1 = [[Brian Ó Cearúill|B. Ó Cearúill]] 0-5, [[Seosamh Ó Beirgin|S. Ó Beirgin]] 1-1, [[Aodhán Ó hAnracháin|A. Ó hAnracháin]] 1-1, [[Gearóid Ó hAinbhith|G. Ó hAinbhith]] 0-1, [[Micheál Ó hEára|M. Ó hEára]] 0-1, [[Breandán Ó Murchú|B. Ó Murchú]] 0-1, [[Dylan Ó hEideáin|D. Ó hEideáin]] 0-1, [[Alan Mac Aogáin|A. Mac Aogáin]] 0-1|
scórálaithe2 = [[Séamas Ó hÓgáin|S. Ó hÓgáin]] 0-4, [[Seosamh Ó Faoláin|S. Ó Faoláin]] 0-1, [[Darren Ó Ruanaidh|D. Ó Ruanaidh]] 0-1, [[Pól Mac Uid|P. Mac Uid]] 0-1, [[Seán Ó Labhraí]] 0-1|
}}
----
{{Teimpléad:Bosca spóirt |
dáta = [[21 Bealtaine]], [[2006]]|
foireann1 = [[Íomhá:Westmeath2.gif|20px|]] [[CLG Coiste Chontae na hIarmhí|An Iarmhí]]|
scór = 0-13 – 0-11|
foireann2 = [[CLG Coiste Contae Áth Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] [[Íomhá:Dublinnewcrest.png|20px|]] |
staid = 16.00 [[Páirc Uí Mhórdha]] |
freastal = |
réiteoir = Jack Ryan|
scórálaithe1 = [[Aindriú Mistéil|A. Mistéil]] 0-8<br />[[Derek Mac Niocláis|D. Mac Niocláis]] 0-2<br />[[Breandán Ó Muireartaigh|B. Ó Muireartaigh]] 0-1<br />[[Barra Ó Cinnéide|B. Ó Cinnéide]] 0-1<br />[[Dónal Ó Cárthaigh|D. Ó Cárthaigh]] 0-1|
scórálaithe2 = [[Daithí Mac Cuirtín]] 0-7<br />[[Micheál Mac Artáin|M. Mac Artáin]] 0-1<br />[[S. Mac Gafraidh]] 0-1<br />[[Daithí Mac Suibhne|D. Mac Suibhne]] 0-1<br />[[Liam Ó Riain|L. Ó Riain]] 0-1|
}}
----
{{Teimpléad:Bosca spóirt |
dáta = [[10 Meitheamh]], [[2006]]|
foireann1 = [[Íomhá:Kilkenny crest.jpg|20px|]] [[CLG Coiste Contae Cill Chainnigh|Cill Chainnigh]]|
scór = 1-23 – 1-9|
foireann2 = [[CLG Coiste Chontae na hIarmhí|An Iarmhí]] [[Íomhá:Westmeath2.gif|20px|]] |
staid = 19.00 [[Páirc Uí Chíosóig]] |
freastal = 6,891|
réiteoir = John Sexton|
scórálaithe1 = [[Anraí Ó Sibhleáin|A. Ó Sibhleáin]] 0-8<br />[[Eoin Mac Cormaic|E. Mac Cormaic]] 1-3<br />[[Máirtín Mac Cumascaigh|M. Mac Cumascaigh]] 0-3<br />[[Micheál Ó Maolchraoibhe|M. Ó Maolchraoibhe]] 0-3<br />[[Risteard Ó Maolalaidh|R. Ó Maolalaidh]] 0-2<br />[[Séamas Mac Giolla Phádraig|S. Mac Giolla Phádraig]] 0-2<br />[[Derek Ó Loinn|D. Ó Loinn]] 0-1<br />[[Liam Ó Dubhuir|L. Ó Dubhuir]] 0-1|
scórálaithe2 = [[Aindriú Mistéil|A. Mistéil]] 0-5<br />[[Barra Ó Cinnéide|B. Ó Cinnéide]] 1-0<br />[[Darren Mac Cormaic|D. Mac Cormaic]] 0-1<br />[[Brian Ó Connachtáin|B. Ó Connachtáin]] 0-1<br />[[Éanna Ó Lochlain|É. Ó Lochlain]] 0-1<br />[[Seosamh Ó Cléirigh|S. Ó Cléirigh]] 0-1|
}}
----
{{Teimpléad:Bosca spóirt |
dáta = [[11 Meitheamh]], [[2006]]|
foireann1 = [[Íomhá:Wexford col.png|20px|]] [[CLG Coiste Loch Garman|Loch Garman]]|
scór = 0-9 – 0-8|
foireann2 = [[CLG Coiste Uíbh Fhailí|Uíbh Fhailí]] [[Íomhá:Offalynewcrest.jpg|20px|]] |
staid = 15.30 [[Páirc Uí Nualláin]] |
freastal = 15,720|
réiteoir = Pádraig Ó Conchúr|
scórálaithe1 = [[Stiofán Ó Dúghaill|S. Ó Dúghaill]] 0-3<br />[[Ruairí Iácób|R. Iácób]] 0-3<br />[[Déaglán Rút|D. Rút]] 0-2<br />[[P. J. Ó Nualláin]] 0-1|
scórálaithe2 = [[Brian Ó Cearúill|B. Ó Cearúill]] 0-3<br />[[P. Ó Cléirigh]] 0-1<br />[[Dylan Ó hEideáin|D. Ó hEideáin]] 0-1<br />[[Micheál Cordial|M. Cordial]] 0-1<br />[[Seosamh Ó Beirgin|S. Ó Beirgin]] 0-1<br />[[Alan Mac Aogáin|A. Mac Aogáin]] 0-1|
}}
----
{{Teimpléad:Bosca spóirt |
dáta = [[2 Iúil]], [[2006]]|
foireann1 = [[Íomhá:Kilkenny crest.jpg|20px|]] [[CLG Coiste Contae Cill Chainnigh|Cill Chainnigh]]|
scór = 1-23 – 2-12|
foireann2 = [[CLG Coiste Loch Garman|Loch Garman]] [[Íomhá:Wexford col.png|20px|]] |
staid = 16.00 [[Páirc an Chrócaigh]] |
freastal = 44,081|
réiteoir = Diarmaid Ó Ciarubháin|
scórálaithe1 = [[Anraí Ó Sibhleáin|A. Ó Sibhleáin]] 1-7<br />[[Máirtín Mac Cumascaigh|M. Mac Cumascaigh]] 0-4<br />[[Risteard de Paor|R. de Paor]] 0-3<br />[[Éamann Ó Braonáin|É. Ó Braonáin]] 0-2<br />[[Séamas Mac Giolla Phádraig|S. Mac Giolla Phádraig]] 0-2<br />[[Seán Tirial|S. Tirial]] 0-1<br />[[Derek Ó Loinn|D. Ó Loinn]] 0-1<br />[[Risteard Ó Maolalaidh|R. Ó Maolalaidh]] 0-1<br />[[Micheál Ó Maolchraoibhe|M. Ó Maolchraoibhe]] 0-1<br />[[Micheál Ó Fionnalaigh|M. Ó Fionnalaigh]] 0-1|
scórálaithe2 = [[Micheál Iácób|M. Iácób]] 1-4<br />[[Ruairí Iácób|R. Iácób]] 1-2<br />[[Stiofán Ó Dúghaill|S. Ó Dúghaill]] 0-3<br />[[Damien Mac Éinrí|D. Mac Éinrí]] 0-1<br />[[Déaglán Rút|D. Rút]] 0-1<br />[[Eoin Ó Coigligh|E. Ó Coigligh]] 0-1|
}}
----
== Craobh Mhumhan ==
{{Teimpléad:Bosca spóirt |
dáta = [[14 Bealtaine]], [[2006]]|
foireann1 = [[Íomhá:Tipperary-crest.gif|20px|]] [[CLG, Coiste Contae Thiobraid Árainn|Tiobrád Árann]]|
scór = 0-22 – 2-12|
foireann2 = [[CLG Coiste Luimneach|Luimneach]] [[Íomhá:Limerickcitycrest.png|20px|]] |
staid = 14.00 [[Staid Semple]] |
freastal = 26,494|
réiteoir = Micheál Ó hAbhartaigh|
scórálaithe1 = [[Eoin Ó Ceallaigh|E. Ó Ceallaigh]] 0-14<br />[[Seán Ó Briain (iománaí as Tiobraid Árann)|S. Ó Briain]] 0-2<br />[[Cainneach Ó Doinn|C. Ó Doinn]] 0-2<br />[[Seán Ó Cearúill|S. Ó Cearúill]] 0-1<br />[[Gearóid Ó Gráda|G. Ó Gráda]] 0-1<br />[[Micheál Webster|M. Webster]] 0-1<br />[[Dara Mac Aogáin|D. Mac Aogáin]] 0-1|
scórálaithe2 = [[Aindriú Ó Seachnasaigh|A. Ó Seachnasaigh]] 1-1<br />[[Brian Ó Beaglaoich|B. Ó Beaglaoich]] 1-1<br />[[Marcas Ó Céin|M. Ó Céin]] 0-5<br />[[Stiofán Ó Luasaigh|S. Ó Luasaigh]] 0-2<br />[[Barra Ó Foghlú|B. Ó Foghlú]] 0-2<br />[[Conor Mac Gearailt|C. Mac Gearailt]] 0-1|
}}
----
{{Teimpléad:Bosca spóirt |
dáta = [[21 Bealtaine]], [[2006]]|
foireann1 = [[Íomhá:Cork (Ireland) coat of arms.svg|20px|]] [[CLG Coiste Contae Chorcaí|Corcaigh]]|
scór = 0-20 – 0-14|
foireann2 = [[CLG Coiste Chontae an Chláir|An Clár]] [[Íomhá:Clarecocologo.png|20px|]] |
staid = 16.00 [[Staid Semple]] |
freastal = 42,000|
réiteoir = Barra Ó Ceallaigh|
scórálaithe1 = [[Seosamh Ó Déin|S. Ó Déin]] 0-9<br />[[Diarmaid Ó Conchúir|D. Ó Conchúir]] 0-4<br />[[Tomás Ó Cionaoith|T. Ó Cionaoith]] 0-2<br />[[Brian Ó Corcáin|B. Ó Corcáin]] 0-2<br />[[Rónán Ó Corráin|R. Ó Corráin]] 0-1<br />[[Niall Mac Carthaigh|N. Mac Carthaigh]] 0-1<br />[[Niall Ó Rónáin|N. Ó Rónáin]] 0-1|
scórálaithe2 = [[Niall Ó Giollagáin|N. Ó Giollagáin]] 0-6<br />[[Antaine Ó Ceamada|A. Ó Ceamada]] 0-3<br />[[Barra Mac Uinseannáin|Mac Uinseannáin]] 0-2<br />[[Alan Markham|A. Markham]] 0-1<br />[[Seán Mac Lannchaidh|S. Mac Lannchaidh]] 0-1<br />[[Daithí Ó Conaill|D. Ó Conaill]] 0-1|
}}
----
{{Teimpléad:Bosca spóirt |
dáta = [[4 Meitheamh]], [[2006]]|
foireann1 = [[Íomhá:Tipperary-crest.gif|20px|]] [[CLG, Coiste Contae Thiobraid Árainn|Tiobrád Árann]]|
scór = 3-14 – 1-12|
foireann2 = [[CLG Coiste Phort Láirge|Port Láirge]] [[Íomhá:Waterfordnewcrest.jpg|20px|]] |
staid = 14.00 [[Páirc Uí Chaoimh]] |
freastal = 27,680|
réiteoir = John Sexton|
scórálaithe1 = [[Eoin Ó Ceallaigh|E. Ó Ceallaigh]] 2-9<br />[[Labhrás Ó Coirbín|L. Ó Coirbín]] 1-0<br />[[Seán Ó Briain (iománaí as Tiobraid Árann)|S. Ó Briain]] 0-2<br />[[Seán Ó Cearúill|S. Ó Cearúill]] 0-1<br />[[Gearóid Ó Gráda|G. Ó Gráda]] 0-1<br />[[Micheál Webster|M. Webster]] 0-1|
scórálaithe2 = [[Pól Mac Floinn|P. Mac Floinn]] 0-5<br />[[Dónal Ó Seancháin|D. Ó Seancháin]] 1-0<br />[[Cainneach Mac Craith|C. Mac Craith]] 0-3<br />[[Eoin Mac Craith|E. Mac Craith]] 0-1<br />[[Daithí Mac Beinéid|D. Mac Beinéid]] 0-1<br />[[Seán Ó Cinnéide|S. Ó Cinnéide]] 0-1<br />[[Seán Ó Maoláin|S. Ó Maoláin]] 0-1|
}}
----
{{Teimpléad:Bosca spóirt |
dáta = [[25 Meitheamh]], [[2006]]|
foireann1 = [[Íomhá:Cork (Ireland) coat of arms.svg|20px|]] [[CLG Coiste Contae Chorcaí|Corcaigh]]|
scór = 2-14 – 1-14|
foireann2 = [[CLG, Coiste Contae Thiobraid Árainn|Tiobrád Árann]] [[Íomhá:Tipperary-crest.gif|20px|]] |
staid = 16.00 [[Staid Semple]] |
freastal = 53,286|
réiteoir = Dickie Murphy|
scórálaithe1 = [[Seosamh Ó Déin|S. Ó Déin]] 0-8<br />[[Beircheart Ó Conchúir|B. Ó Conchúir]] 1-1<br />[[Brian Ó Corcáin|B. Ó Corcáin]] 1-1<br />[[Seán Gairnéir|S. Gairnéir]] 0-2<br />[[Diarmaid Ó Conchúir|D. Ó Conchúir]] 0-1<br />[[Ciarán Ó Murchú|C. Ó Murchú]] 0-1|
scórálaithe2 = [[Eoin Ó Ceallaigh|E. Ó Ceallaigh]] 0-7<br />[[Labhrás Ó Coirbín|L. Ó Coirbín]] 1-1<br />[[Seán Ó Cearúill|S. Ó Cearúill]] 0-2<br />[[Seán Ó Briain (iománaí as Tiobraid Árann)|S. Ó Briain]] 0-2<br />[[Pól Ó Ceallaigh|P. Ó Ceallaigh]] 0-1<br />[[Beircheart Ó Doinn|B. Ó Doinn]] 0-1|
}}
----
== Grúpaí ==
=== Grúpa A ===
{| style=border-collapse:collapse border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
|- align=center bgcolor=#efefef
!width=165|Foireann
!width=20|Ptí
!width=20|Cluichí
!width=20|B
!width=20|CS
!width=20|C
!width=20|Ar aghaidh
!width=20|In éadan
!width=20|Difríocht
|- align=center style="background:#ccffcc;"
|style="text-align:left;"|[[CLG Coiste Phort Láirge|Port Láirge]]
|'''6''' ||3 ||3 ||0 ||0 ||6-64 ||4-47 ||+23
|- align=center style="background:#ccffcc;"
|style="text-align:left;"|[[CLG, Coiste Chontae na Gaillimhe|Gaillimh]]
|'''4''' ||3 ||2 ||0 ||1 ||12-69 ||3-44 ||+52
|- align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;"
|style="text-align:left;"|[[CLG Coiste Laois|Laois]]
|'''2''' ||3 ||1 ||0 ||2 ||5-36 ||10-54 ||-33
|- align=center style="background:pink;"
|style="text-align:left;"|[[CLG Coiste Chontae na hIarmhí|An Iarmhí]]
|'''0''' ||3 ||0 ||0 ||3 ||2-29 ||8-53 ||-42
|}
=== Grúpa B ===
{| style=border-collapse:collapse border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5
|- align=center bgcolor=#efefef
!width=165|Foireann
!width=20|Ptí
!width=20|Cluichí
!width=20|B
!width=20|CS
!width=20|C
!width=20|Ar aghaidh
!width=20|In éadan
!width=20|Difríocht
|- align=center style="background:#ccffcc;"
|style="text-align:left;"|[[CLG Coiste Chontae an Chláir|An Chlár]]
|'''6''' ||3 ||3 ||0 ||0 ||8-57 ||2-35 ||+40
|- align=center style="background:#ccffcc;"
|style="text-align:left;"|[[CLG Coiste Luimneach|Luimneach]]
|'''4''' ||3 ||2 ||0 ||1 ||4-55 ||5-53 ||-1
|- align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;"
|style="text-align:left;"|[[CLG Coiste Uíbh Fhailí|Uíbh Fhailí]]
|'''2''' ||2 ||1 ||0 ||2 ||4-45 ||4-61 ||-16
|- align=center style="background:pink;"
|style="text-align:left;"|[[CLG Coiste Contae Áth Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]]
|'''0''' ||3 || 0 ||0 ||3 ||2-46 ||7-54 ||-23
|}
== Torthaí ==
{{Craobh iomáint | RD1=Cluichí ceathrú-ceannais<br />[[22 Iúil|22]]/[[23 Iúil]] | RD2=Cluichí leath-ceannais<br />[[6 Lúnasa|6]]/[[13 Lúnasa]] | RD3=Cluiche ceannais<br />[[3 Meán Fómhair]] |
| RD1-seed1=| RD1-seed2=| RD1-seed3=| RD1-seed4=| RD1-seed5=| RD1-seed6=| RD1-seed7=| RD1-seed8=|
| RD1-team1='''[[CLG Coiste Contae Chorcaí|Corcaigh]]'''
| RD1-team2=[[CLG Coiste Luimneach|Luimneach]]
| RD1-score1=0-19
| RD1-score2=0-18
| RD1-team3='''[[CLG Coiste Phort Láirge|Port Láirge]]'''
| RD1-team4=[[CLG, Coiste Contae Thiobraid Árainn|Tiobrad Árann]]
| RD1-score3=1-22
| RD1-score4=3-13
| RD1-team5=[[CLG Coiste Loch Garman|Loch Garman]]
| RD1-team6='''[[CLG Coiste Chontae an Chláir|An Chláir]]'''
| RD1-score5=1-15
| RD1-score6=1-27
| RD1-team7=[[CLG, Coiste Chontae na Gaillimhe|Gaillimh]]
| RD1-team8='''[[CLG Coiste Contae Cill Chainnigh|Cill Chainnigh]]'''
| RD1-score7=3-14
| RD1-score8=2-22
| RD2-team1='''[[CLG Coiste Contae Chorcaí|Corcaigh]]'''
| RD2-team2=[[CLG Coiste Phort Láirge|Port Láirge]]
| RD2-score1=1-16
| RD2-score2=1-15
| RD2-team3=[[CLG Coiste Chontae an Chláir|An Chláir]]
| RD2-team4='''[[CLG Coiste Contae Cill Chainnigh|Cill Chainnigh]]'''
| RD2-score3=1-16
| RD2-score4=2-21
| RD3-team1=[[CLG Coiste Contae Chorcaí|Corcaigh]]
| RD3-team2='''[[CLG Coiste Contae Cill Chainnigh|Cill Chainnigh]]'''
| RD3-score1=1-13
| RD3-score2=1-16
}}
== Cluiche ceannais ==
{|border=0 class="wikitable" width=100%
|-
|width=33% valign=top|<font size=4>'''Cill Chainnigh'''</font><br /><small>Dubh is ómra</small>
|width=33% valign=top align=center|<!--Final Score--><font size=4>'''1-16 — 1-13'''</font><br /><small>(scór deireanach tar éis 70 nóiméad</small>
|width=33% valign=top|<font size=4>'''Corcaigh'''</font><br /><small>Dearg is bán</small>
|-
|valign=top|''Bainisteoir:'' [[Brian Mac Óda]]
----
''Foireann:''
<br />[[Séamus Mac Fhearaigh]] (CB)
<br />[[Mícheál Caomhánach]]
<br />[[Noel Ó hÍcí]]
<br />[[Seán Tirial]] (Capt.)
<br />[[Séamas Ó Raghaill]]
<br />[[Seán Tennyson]]
<br />[[Tomás Breatnach]]
<br />[[Séamas Mac Giolla Phádraig]]
<br />[[Derek Ó Loinn]]
<br />[[Risteard de Paor]]
<br />[[Anraí Ó Sibhleáin]]
<br />[[Eoin Ó Lorcáin]]
<br />[[Éamann Ó Braonáin]]
<br />[[Máirtín Mac Cumascaigh]]
<br />[[Aodhán Ó Fógartaigh]]
----
''Fir ionaid:''
<br />[[Liam Ó Dubhuir]]
<br />[[Risteard Ó Maolalaidh]]
----
[[Anraí Ó Sibhleáin|A. Ó Sibhleáin]] 0-8<br />[[Aodhán Ó Fógartaigh|A. Ó Fógartaigh]] 1-3<br />[[Derek Ó Loinn|D. Ó Loinn]] 0-1<br />[[Séamas Mac Giolla Phádraig|S. Mac Giolla Phádraig]] 0-1<br />[[Éamann Ó Braonáin|E. Ó Braonáin]] 0-1<br />[[Máirtín Mac Cumascaigh|M. Mac Cumascaigh]] 0-1<br />[[Risteard de Paor|R. de Paor]] 0-1
|valign=middle align=center|<!--Further Match stats-->
'''Leath-am:'''<br />1-08 : 0-08
'''Comórtas:'''<br />[[Craobh Iomána Shinsearach na hÉireann]]<br />(Cluiche ceannais)
'''Dáta:'''<br />15.30 BST<br />[[Domhnach]], [[3 Meán Fómhair]], [[2006]]
'''Staid:'''<br />[[Páirc an Chrócaigh]], [[Baile Átha Cliath]]
'''Freastal:'''<br /> 81,275
'''Réiteoir:'''<br />[[Barra Ó Ceallaigh]]<br />([[Contae na hIarmhí]])
'''Rialacha''':<br />70 nóiméad.<br />Ath-chluiche i gcás comhscór.<br />Uas-ionadaíocht 5.
<!---TEAM B--->
|valign=top|''Bainisteoir:'' [[Seán Mac Ailín]]
----
''Foireann:''
<br />[[Dónal Óg Cíosóg]] (CB)
<br />[[Brian Ó Murchú]]
<br />[[Diarmaid Ó Súilleabháin (iománaí)|Diarmaid Ó Súilleabháin]]
<br />[[Pádraig Ó Maolchathaigh]] (Capt.)
<br />[[Seán Gairnéir]]
<br />[[Rónán Ó Corráin]]
<br />[[Seán Óg Ó hAilpín]]
<br />[[Tomás Ó Cionaoith]]
<br />[[Diarmaid Ó Conchúir]]
<br />[[Tadhg Mac Cárthaigh]]
<br />[[Niall Mac Cárthaigh]]
<br />[[Beircheart Ó Conchúir]]
<br />[[Niall Ó Rónáin]]
<br />[[Brian Ó Corcáin]]
<br />[[Seosamh Ó Déin]]
----
''Fir ionaid:''
<br />[[Cian Ó Conchúir]]
<br />[[Ciarán Ó Murchú]]
<br />[[Wayne Scorlóg]]
<br />[[Cathal Mac Neachtain]]
<br />[[Conor Ó Cíosóg]]
----
[[Beircheart Ó Conchúir|B. Ó Conchúir]] 1-4<br />[[Seosamh Ó Déin|S. Ó Déin]] 0-6<br />[[Seán Gairnéir|S. Gairnéir]] 0-1<br />[[Diarmaid Ó Conchúir|D. Ó Conchúir]] 0-1<br />[[Niall Mac Carthaigh|N. Mac Carthaigh]] 0-1
|}
== Sárimreoirí ==
Ní raibh aon iontas ann gur chuaigh an chuid is mó de na h-ainmniúcháin [[Sárimreoirí na Bliana]] do na buaiteoirí Cill Chainnigh, agus an dara contae Chorcaí. Sa deireadh, bronnadh an duais Imreoir na Bliana ar [[Anraí Ó Sibhleáin]] agus an duais Óg-imreoir na Bliana ar [[Séamas Mac Giolla Phádraig|Séamas "Cha" Mac Giolla Phádraig]], an bheirt acu as gCill Chainnigh.
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Teimpléad:Craobh Iomána Sinsearach}}
{{síol}}
[[Catagóir:Iománaíocht i 2006]]
[[Catagóir:Craobh Shinsear Iomána na hÉireann]]
fvt1p0i436gpd4zqf396vuehvztfq0c
Hearó Chathair Alastair
0
11813
1269249
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Ba [[Innealtóireacht|innealtóir]] agus geoiméadraí [[an Ghréig|Gréagach]] é '''Hearó''' (nó '''Hearón''') '''Chathair Alastair''' ([[Gréigis]]: Ήρων ο Αλεξανδρεύς) (c. [[10]] – [[70]]) i gCathair Alastair in Éigipt na Rómhánach, ''Aegyptus''.
[[Íomhá:Aeolipile_illustration.png|thumb|An t-Aeolipile, inneall gaile Hearóin]]
== Naisc sheachtracha ==
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Síol-beath-eg}}
{{Síol-innealtóir}}
{{Síol-scríbhneoir}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hearó Chathair Alastair}}
[[Catagóir:Aireagóirí]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 10]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 70]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Éigipteacha]]
[[Catagóir:Fir]]
[[Catagóir:Innealtóirí]]
[[Catagóir:Matamaiticeoirí]]
[[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí na Sean-Róimhe]]
kxs40upp7xa4ibg2tyn71zfzyd1nl5k
Alexander Graham Bell
0
12363
1269244
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
[[Íomhá:Alexander Graham Bell, three-quarter length portrait, standing, facing left - 3c04275r.jpg|clé|mion|268x268px]]
Eolaí agus ceapadóir a rugadh i nDún Éideann agus a d'oibrigh i gCeanada agus sna Stáit Aontaithe ab ea '''Alexander Graham Bell''' ([[3 Márta]], [[1847]] – [[2 Lúnasa]], [[1922]]). Is é Alexander Graham Bell a cheap an chéad teileafón. [[Íomhá:TelephonePatentDrawingBell.jpg|mion|231x231px|
paitinn Bell ar an 7 Márta 1876 .. an-cosúil le paitinn a thóg Gray amach ar an 14 Feabhra
|clé]]
== Teileafón ==
Theastaigh ó Bell gléas [[cumarsáid]]<nowiki/>e a cheapadh a bheadh níos fearr ná an teileagraf, agus go mbeadh daoine ábalta gléas [[Leictreachas|leictreach]] a úsáid chun labhairt le daoine a bhí i bhfad uathu<ref>https://www.forasnagaeilge.ie/wp-content/uploads/.../01-An-Teileafón-FT-R5.pptx{{Dead link|date=Meán Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. Leis an [[Teileagrafaíocht|teileagraf]] ní fhéadfaí ach teachtaireachtaí i g[[cód Morse]] a sheoladh.
Aithnítear go forleathan é gur cheap Bell an chéad [[guthán|ghuthán]] sa bhliain [[1876]]).<ref>[http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11375/ Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory Notebook, 1875-1876]</ref> Ach tá conspóid ann i gcónaí. Bhí [[paitinn]] cláraithe ar dtús ag Elisha Gray ar an 14 Feabhra 1876. Fuair Alexander Graham Bell paitinn eile ar an 7 Márta 1876 chun an [[Guthán|teileafón]] a fhorbairt<ref>Hussey, Matt - Fréamh an Eolais (Coiscéim 2011)</ref> .. a bhí go díreach mar an gcéanna leis an méid a bhí cláraithe ag Gray cúpla seachtain roimhe sin. [[Íomhá:Alexander Graham Bell and family.jpg|clé|mion|[[:en:Alexander_Graham_Bell|Alexander Graham Bell]] agus a bhean chéile, [[:en:Mabel_Gardiner_Hubbard|Mabel Gardiner Hubbard]] agus a gclann, Elsie May Bell (ar chlé) agus Marian Hubbard Bell, 1885.|214x214px]]Ar an 10 Márta 1876, d'éirigh le Alexander Graham Bell an chéad chomhrá teileafóin a bheith aige lena chúntóir Thomas Watson a bhí suite i seomra taobh leis. ‘Watson,’ a dúirt Bell ar an teileafón, ‘tar anseo.’ Agus chuala Watson é!
Leag Bell síos bunús an teileafóin le glacadóir ionduchtaithe a cheap sé féin chun an [[Fuaim|fhuaim]] a chruthú, ceangailte le sreang le tarchuradóir [[Carbón|carbóin]] de chuid [[Thomas Edison]] chun comhartha [[Leictreachas|leictreach]] a chruthú ó fhuaim an ghutha.
Sa bhéalóg d'imbhuail creathanna na fuaime san aer le scannán anuas ar chiseal gráinníní carbóin, agus d'athraigh brú an scannáin friotaíocht an chisil seo chun sruth athraitheach leictreach a chruthú mar chomhartha na fuaime.
Tharchuir Bell an chéad abairt labhartha i 1875.
Bhunaigh sé comhlacht Bell Telephone i 1877.
== Aireagáin eile ==
Ina Shaotharlann Volta cheap Bell an [[fónagraf]], an closmhéadar, an meá ionduchtúcháin le rudaí miotalacha taobh istigh den cholainn a bhrath, taifid chéireacha don fhónagraf. D'athraigh na haireagáin seo an domhan.
== Saol ==
Bhí Bell ceannasach i mbunú an fhoilseacháin cháiliúil ''Science'' (Eolaíocht) i 1880.
Bhunaigh Bell an [[réadlann]] réaltfhisice in [[Smithsonian Institution|Institiúid Smithsonian]], agus chuir tús le Cumann Tástála Aerga.
Rugadh Bell in Albain sa bhliain 1847 agus bhog sé go Meiriceá Thuaidh in 1870.
[[Íomhá:Alexander Graham Bell and Mabel Hubbard Gardiner Bell kissing.gif|mion|Alexander Graham Bell ag pógadh Mabel Hubbard Gardiner Bell|clé|166x166px]]
Chaith Bell tréimhsí dá shaol ina chónaí i [[Ceanada|gCeanada]] agus i [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]].
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bell, Alexander Graham}}
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1922
[[Catagóir:Ceapadóirí Albanacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1847]]
[[Catagóir:Eolaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Teileafónaíocht]]
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1195
0
13564
1269288
1066977
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Alison
570
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
== Eachtraí ==
* Ghabh na [[Normannaigh]] seilbh ar [[Luimneach]]
== Breitheanna ==
* [[22 Lúnasa]] — [[Naomh Antaine]], bráthair Proinsiasach sa 13ú haois
*
== Básanna ==
*
[[Catagóir:Blianta]]
2iuas6sdj3au3irnbpe34somm1zyyu0
1312
0
15208
1269292
1095163
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Alison
570
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
== Eachtraí ==
* Tosach Léigir [[Rostock]]
== Breitheanna ==
* [[13 Samhain]] — [[Éadbhard III Shasana|Eduard III Rí Shasana]] (b. [[1377]]).
== Básanna ==
* [[13 Bealtaine]] - [[Theobald II Diúc na Lorráine]] (r. [[1263]])
* [[27 Lúnasa]] - [[Art II Diúc na Briotáine]] (r. [[1262]])
[[Catagóir:Blianta]]
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Catagóir:Fisiceoirí Iodálacha
14
19231
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{{Catcómhaoin|Physicists from Italy|Fisiceoirí Iodálacha}}
[[Catagóir:Fisiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Iod]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Iodálacha de réir slí bheatha|Fis]]
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Catagóir:Fealsúna Iodálacha
14
19748
1269304
769891
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{{Catcómhaoin|Philosophers from Italy|Fealsúna Iodálacha}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine Iodálacha de réir slí bheatha|Fe]]
[[Catagóir:Fealsúna de réir náisiúntachta|Iod]]
[[Catagóir:Cultúr na hIodáile]]
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Catagóir:Fisiceoirí Gearmánacha
14
19757
1269260
1265090
2025-06-09T17:42:01Z
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{{Catcómhaoin|Physicists from Germany|Fisiceoirí Gearmánacha}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine Gearmánacha de réir slí bheatha|Fis]]
[[Catagóir:Fisiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Gear]]
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Catagóir:Fisiceoirí Éireannacha
14
19904
1269262
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[[Catagóir:Fisiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Éir]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Éireannacha de réir slí bheatha|Fis]]
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Catagóir:Ceapadóirí Francacha
14
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{{Catcómhaoin|Inventors from France|Aireagóirí Francacha}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine Francacha de réir slí bheatha|Air]]
[[Catagóir:Aireagóirí de réir náisiúntachta|Fra]]
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Plé úsáideora:Holder
3
21095
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2025-06-10T08:28:50Z
PamelaBertaccini
66841
/* Dia duit @Holder teastaíonn cabhair uaim */ mír nua
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Haigh, {{BASEPAGENAME}}, agus tá [[Vicipéid:Réamhrá|fáilte romhat]] chuig an Vicipéid! Go raibh maith agat as [[Special:Contributions/{{BASEPAGENAME}}|do chuid dréachtaí]] a sheoladh isteach{{#if:|, go háirithe do dhréachtaí ar [[:{{{art}}}]]}}. Tá súil agam go mbainfidh tú taitneamh as d'am anseo! Tá sé éasca ailt nua a chruthú, agus téigh go dtí an [[Vicipéid:Halla baile|Halla Baile]] chun caint leis na [[Vicipéid:Vicipéideoirí|Vicipéideoirí]] eile (más mian leat é sin a dhéanamh), nó téigh go dtí an [[Vicipéid:Lárionad comhphobail|Lárionad Comhphobail]] chun breathnú ar na heachtraí Vicipéide is déanaí.
Más é do thoil é, [[Vicipéid:Sínigh é|sínigh do chuid theachtaireachtaí]] ar leathanaigh phlé le ceithre thilde a chlóscríobh (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); ciallaíonn sé sinn go hionsáfar d'ainm úsáideora agus an dáta go huathoibríoch. Má tá cabhair ag teastail uait, féach ar [[Vicipéid:Cabhair]], nó cuir ceist dom ar {{#if:|[[Plé úsáideora:{{{1}}}|mo leathanach phlé]]|mo leathanach phlé}}. Uair amháin eile, fáilte romhat! <!-- Template:Welcome --> --[[Úsáideoir:AllieBot|AllieBot]] 13:57, 9 Feabhra 2009 (UTC)
== Dia duit @[[Úsáideoir:Holder|Holder]] teastaíonn cabhair uaim ==
Dia duit @[[Úsáideoir:Holder|Holder]] Tá súil agam nach gcuirfidh mé isteach ort. Tá an chéim dheireanach den leathanach https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Benetti sroichte agam ach ar an drochuair níl an leathanach foirfe go fóill agus níl aithne mhaith agam ar an nGaeilge chun í a cheartú níos mó ná sin. An féidir leat cabhrú liom é a cheartú ionas gur féidir liom an teimpléad a rangaíonn é mar leathanach "mí-aistrithe" a bhaint? Gabhaim buíochas leat, áfach, agus fiafraím díot: mura bhfuil am agat é a cheartú, an féidir leat a rá liom cé leis a bhféadfainn teagmháil a dhéanamh? [[Úsáideoir:PamelaBertaccini|<span style="font-family: 'Futura LT Pro Light', Futura, sans-serif; text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px #a5a5a5; font-size:110%; color:#01b30e">'''PamelaBertaccini'''</span>]] 08:28, 10 Meitheamh 2025 (UTC)
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Catagóir:Fisiceoirí Sasanacha
14
21248
1269222
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{{Catcómhaoin|Physicists from England|Fisiceoirí Sasanacha}}
[[Catagóir:Fisiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Sas]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Sasanacha de réir slí bheatha|Fis]]
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Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Seiceacha
14
22747
1269214
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[[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí de réir tíre|Seic]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Seiceacha de réir slí bheatha|Scr]]
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Catagóir:Síciatraithe Ostaracha
14
23337
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2025-06-09T17:47:07Z
Alison
570
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[[Catagóir:Daoine Ostaracha de réir slí bheatha|Síc]]
[[Catagóir:Síciatraithe de réir náisiúntachta|Ost]]
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Catagóir:Síceolaithe Ostaracha
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[[Catagóir:Daoine Ostaracha de réir slí bheatha|Síc]]
[[Catagóir:Síceolaithe de réir náisiúntachta|Ost]]
azka8lxiab0l9iaculss4hpb05w9b5x
Catagóir:Síceolaithe Eilvéiseacha
14
23339
1269270
1256954
2025-06-09T17:50:21Z
Alison
570
++
1269270
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Catcómhaoin|Swiss Psychologists|Síceolaithe Eilvéiseacha}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine Eilvéiseacha de réir slí bheatha|Síc]]
[[Catagóir:Síceolaithe de réir náisiúntachta|Eilv]]
1wjyrbc1konv9feo27h1m8ojjbus7zb
Catagóir:Síciatraithe Eilvéiseacha
14
23340
1269268
1265625
2025-06-09T17:47:34Z
Alison
570
++
1269268
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Catagóir:Daoine Eilvéiseacha de réir slí bheatha|Síc]]
[[Catagóir:Síciatraithe de réir náisiúntachta|Eilv]]
6xj1v2gidfg321i5s9j4zrco2hluyvf
Catagóir:Ceapadóirí Gearmánacha
14
23668
1269240
1265098
2025-06-09T17:15:12Z
Alison
570
++
1269240
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Catagóir:Daoine Gearmánacha de réir slí bheatha|Ceap]]
[[Catagóir:Aireagóirí de réir náisiúntachta|Gear]]
6si3ahi8r971jzfbrmk0emwaaviktf8
Catagóir:Fisiceoirí Danmhargacha
14
23985
1269228
1265663
2025-06-09T16:37:11Z
Alison
570
Ord
1269228
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Catcómhaoin|Physicists from Denmark|Fisiceoirí Danmhargacha}}
[[Catagóir:Fisiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Dan]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Danmhargacha de réir slí bheatha|Fis]]
gixo7u7xip0x0o89f3z5q15lszdx067
1307
0
24104
1269287
1254106
2025-06-09T19:31:11Z
Alison
570
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
1269287
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
== Tarluithe ==
== Breitheanna ==
== Básanna ==
* [[7 Iúil]] — [[Éadbhard I Shasana]], Rí Shasana (r. [[1239]])
[[Catagóir:Blianta]]
qozd3oex861qcnxenhasik6zncecuj3
Catagóir:Ceapadóirí Meiriceánacha
14
24138
1269239
668193
2025-06-09T17:14:52Z
Alison
570
++
1269239
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Catcómhaoin|Inventors from the United States|Aireagóirí Meiriceánacha}}
[[Catagóir:Aireagóirí de réir náisiúntachta|Meir]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Meiriceánacha de réir slí bheatha|Ceap]]
803g0tk26ue6vuzgcm244jq2pr9x2ry
Catagóir:Eolaithe Sasanacha
14
24325
1269209
668861
2025-06-09T16:14:23Z
Alison
570
++
1269209
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Catcómhaoin|Scientists from England|Eolaithe Sasanacha}}
[[Catagóir:Eolaithe de réir náisiúntachta|Sas]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Sasanacha de réir slí bheatha|Eol]]
oerci0rlr7k2fjk72rtk6pqjo3be06j
Catagóir:Fisiceoirí Francacha
14
25075
1269261
1265199
2025-06-09T17:42:20Z
Alison
570
++
1269261
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Catcómhaoin|Physicists from France|Fisiceoirí Francacha}}
[[Catagóir:Fisiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Fra]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Francacha de réir slí bheatha|Fis]]
psfvovux25trcqj4ptiej4u8bg05tfe
Catagóir:Fealsúna Sasanacha
14
25544
1269279
298550
2025-06-09T17:56:40Z
Alison
570
++
1269279
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Catagóir:Daoine Sasanacha de réir slí bheatha|Fe]]
[[Catagóir:Fealsúna de réir náisiúntachta|Sas]]
1qkf8ypmpip8fw7pgqxewu04c74bbbw
Catagóir:Eolaithe Meiriceánacha
14
25775
1269208
300783
2025-06-09T16:13:49Z
Alison
570
++
1269208
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Catagóir:Eolaithe de réir náisiúntachta|Meir]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Meiriceánacha de réir slí bheatha|Eol]]
fonhlrr8yl066kwxq08vcc8udd48rrp
1377
0
25927
1269293
1254154
2025-06-09T19:32:42Z
Alison
570
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
1269293
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
== Tarluithe ==
*
== Breitheanna ==
*
== Básanna ==
* [[21 Meitheamh]] — [[Éadbhard III Shasana|Éadbhard III]], rí ar Shasana (r.[[1312]])
[[Catagóir:Blianta]]
41o6b5q3k8q10cshyk7ua28onxko7lx
Catagóir:Fealsúna na Síne
14
25943
1269282
656478
2025-06-09T17:58:24Z
Alison
570
++
1269282
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Catcómhaoin|Philosophers from China|Fealsúna na Síne}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine Síneacha de réir slí bheatha|Fe]]
[[Catagóir:Fealsúna de réir náisiúntachta|Sín]]
r6yahzo47u2a5zrekvs8olq5yslcolk
Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli
0
27725
1269326
1253208
2025-06-09T23:44:58Z
151.77.2.43
1269326
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta |
nom = SSC Napoli |
nom_original = Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli |
colors = {{color box|#1EA7D1}} {{color box|white}} [[gorm]], [[bán]] |
alies = ''Azzurri'', ''Partenopei''|
data_fundacio = [[1926]]
| president = {{Bratach|Italy}} [[Aurelio De Laurentiis]]
| entrenador = {{Bratach|Italy}} [[Luciano Spalletti]]
| lliga = [[Serie A]]
| equipament= {{Trealamh spóirt iolracha
| pattern_la1 = _napoli2425h
| pattern_b1 = _napoli2425h
| pattern_ra1 = _napoli2425h
| pattern_sh1 = _napoli2425h
| pattern_so1 = _napoli2425hl
| leftarm1 = 0686CB
| body1 = 0686CB
| rightarm1 = 0686CB
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| socks1 = 0686CB
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| body2 = FFFFFF
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| pattern_so3 = _napoli2425tl
| leftarm3 = 000000
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| rightarm3 = 000000
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| title1 = Baile
| title2 = As baile
| title3 = Triú
}}
}}
Is club [[sacar|peile]] [[An Iodáil|Iodálach]] é '''Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli''' ([[Gaeilge]]: ''Cumann Spóirt Sacair Napoli''), ar a dtugtar ''S.S.C. Napoli'' nó ''Napoli'' de ghnáth, as [[Napoli]]. Bunaíodh Napoli i [[1926]]. Imríonn an club i [[Serie A]], agus is é [[Stadio Diego Armando Maradona]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.sscnapoli.it/static/content/San-Paolo-Stadium-102.aspx |teideal=sscnapoli.it - San Paolo Stadium |dátarochtana=2014-02-21 |archivedate=2013-08-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821161318/http://www.sscnapoli.it/static/content/San-Paolo-Stadium-102.aspx }}</ref> a staid bhaile.
Tá an ''[[Serie A|Scudetto]]'' (Curadh na hIodáile) buaite ag an gclub ceithre huaire sa bhliain 1987, 1990, 2023 agus 2025. Tá an [[Coppa Italia|''Coppa Italia'']] (Corn na hIodáile) buaite aige sé huaire (1962, 1976, 1987, 2012, 2014, agus 2020), chomh maith leis an Supercoppa Italiana (Super Corn na hIodáile) dhá uair (1990 agus 2014). Tá an [[UEFA Europa League|Corn UEFA]]''' '''buaite ag an club uair amháin sa bhliain 1989.
== Gradaim ==
=== Náisiúnta ===
* '''[[Serie A|Curadh na hIodáile]]: 4'''
:1986/87, 1989/90, 2022/23, 2024/25
* '''[[Coppa Italia|Corn na hIodáile]]: 6'''
:1961/62, 1975/76, 1986/87, 2011/12, 2013/14, 2019/20
* '''Super Corn na hIodáile: 2'''
:1990, 2014
=== Idirnáisiúnta ===
* '''[[UEFA Europa League|Corn UEFA]]: 1'''
:1988/89
* '''Corn na hAlpa: 1'''
:1966
* ''' Corn Sraithe Angla-Iodáilis: 1'''
:1976<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.sscnapoli.it/static/content/Palmares-87.aspx |teideal=sscnapoli.it - Palmares |dátarochtana=2014-02-21 |archivedate=2014-07-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723193222/http://www.sscnapoli.it/static/content/Palmares-87.aspx }}</ref>
== Imreoirí móra ==
{|
|valign="top"|
* {{bratach|Paraguay}} {{bratach|Italy}} Attila Sallustro (1926-1937)
* {{bratach|Italy}} Giuseppe Cavanna (1929-1935)
* {{bratach|Italy}} Antonio Vojak (1929-1935)
* {{bratach|Italy}} Amedeo Amadei (1950-1956)
* {{bratach|Sweden}} Hasse Jeppson (1952-1956)
* {{bratach|Argentina}} Bruno Pesaola (1952-1960)
* {{bratach|Italy}} Ottavio Bugatti (1953-1961)
* {{bratach|Brazil}} Canè (1962-1969 / 1972-1975)
* {{bratach|Italy}} Antonio Juliano (1962-1978)
* {{bratach|Argentina}} {{bratach|Italy}} Omar Sivori (1965-1969)
* {{bratach|Brazil}} {{bratach|Italy}} José Altafini (1965-1972)
* {{bratach|Italy}} Dino Zoff (1967-1972)
* {{bratach|Italy}} Giuseppe Bruscolotti (1972-1988)
* {{bratach|Italy}} Sergio Clerici (1973-1975)
* {{bratach|Italy}} Tarcisio Burgnich (1974-1977)
* {{bratach|Italy}} Giuseppe Savoldi (1975-1979)
* {{bratach|Italy}} Luciano Castellini (1978-1985)
|width="50"|
|valign="top"|
* {{bratach|the Netherlands}} Ruud Krol (1980-1984)
* {{bratach|Argentina}} Daniel Bertoni (1984-1986)
* {{bratach|Italy}} Salvatore Bagni (1984-1988)
* {{bratach|Argentina}} [[Diego Armando Maradona|Diego A. Maradona]] (1984-1991)
* {{bratach|Italy}} Ciro Ferrara (1984-1994)
* {{bratach|Italy}} Alessandro Renica (1985-1991)
* {{bratach|Italy}} Andrea Carnevale (1986-1990)
* {{bratach|Italy}} Fernando De Napoli (1986-1992)
* {{bratach|Brazil}} Careca (1987-1993)
* {{bratach|Brazil}} Alemão (1988-1992)
* {{bratach|Italy}} Gianfranco Zola (1989-1993)
* {{bratach|Uruguay}} Daniel Fonseca (1992-1994)
* {{bratach|Italy}} [[Fabio Cannavaro]] (1993-1995)
* {{bratach|Argentina}} Roberto Ayala (1995-1998)
* {{bratach|the Czech Republic}} Marek Jankulovski (2000-2002)
* {{bratach|Argentina}} Ezequiel Lavezzi (2007-2012)
* {{bratach|Uruguay}} Edinson Cavani (2010-2013)
|}
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [http://www.sscnapoli.it/ Suíomh oifigiúil an chlub (Iodáilis, Béarla, Spáinnis, Sínis)]
[[Catagóir:Clubanna sacair na hIodáile|Napoli]]
12rc3vga37yn49hn5ze9dcvaau24fkb
Catagóir:Ceapadóirí Albanacha
14
28131
1269236
340582
2025-06-09T17:12:39Z
Alison
570
++
1269236
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Catagóir:Aireagóirí de réir náisiúntachta|Alb]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Albanacha de réir slí bheatha|Air]]
pzjmwvzo7v4ilgpowoubqq7ho3ghk22
Catagóir:Fealsúna Francacha
14
28878
1269308
1265202
2025-06-09T20:37:53Z
Alison
570
++
1269308
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Catcómhaoin|Philosophers from France|Fealsúna Francacha}}
[[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Francacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Francacha de réir slí bheatha|Fea]]
[[Catagóir:Fealsúna de réir náisiúntachta|Fra]]
f79j817c2nztivxaxzw55v3svhq14ce
Erich Fromm
0
31960
1269277
972181
2025-06-09T17:54:35Z
Alison
570
++
1269277
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Ba shíocanailísí, [[fealsamh]] agus [[síceolaíocht|síceolaí]] sóisialta Gearmánach-Meiriceánach é '''Erich Seligmann Fromm'''. Bhí sé bainte le [[Scoil Frankfurt]] do Theoiric na Critice ([[Gearmáinis]]: ''Frankfurter Schule'').
== Naisc sheachtracha ==
*
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Rialú údaráis}}
{{síol-beath-us}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fromm, Erich}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1900]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1980]]
[[Catagóir:Síceolaithe Gearmánacha]]
[[Catagóir:Síceolaithe Meiriceánacha]]
[[Catagóir:Síocanailísithe]]
[[Catagóir:Fealsúna Meiriceánacha]]
[[Catagóir:Fealsúna Gearmánacha]]
sevj97gqm9n5qotxv1d1ypbejdr9jk5
Catagóir:Fisiceoirí Briotanacha
14
32296
1269265
1263162
2025-06-09T17:44:28Z
Alison
570
++
1269265
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Catcómhaoin|Physicists from the United Kingdom|Fisiceoirí Briotanacha}}
[[Catagóir:Fisiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Bri]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Briotanacha de réir slí bheatha|Fis]]
fgxqsfo1vt7uph6i8hpp1yz961ckv6b
Catagóir:Fisiceoirí Meiriceánacha
14
32297
1269229
705371
2025-06-09T17:05:04Z
Alison
570
++
1269229
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Catcómhaoin|Physicists from the United States|Fisiceoirí Meiriceánacha}}
[[Catagóir:Fisiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Meir]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Meiriceánacha de réir slí bheatha|Fis]]
6wi652nt1bpoin62lq460p1c0ylr43u
Catagóir:Fealsúna Gearmánacha
14
38190
1269306
1265092
2025-06-09T20:36:34Z
Alison
570
++
1269306
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Catcómhaoin|Philosophers from Germany|Fealsúna Gearmánacha}}
[[Catagóir:Fealsúna de réir náisiúntachta|Gear]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Gearmánacha de réir slí bheatha|Fea]]
[[Catagóir:Cultúr na Gearmáine]]
j2s67lxw2cr9l0ijis9hjh8hq2c6qva
Catagóir:Fealsúna Gréagacha
14
38191
1269305
1263255
2025-06-09T20:36:01Z
Alison
570
++
1269305
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Catcómhaoin|Philosophers from Greece|Fealsúna Gréagacha}}
[[Catagóir:Fealsúna de réir náisiúntachta|Gr]]
[[Catagóir:Cultúr na Gréige]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Gréagacha de réir slí bheatha|Fea]]
hr23b377owqk4u7luqn9urrmycorrqe
Catagóir:Fealsúna Albanacha
14
38192
1269312
1241147
2025-06-09T20:41:03Z
Alison
570
++
1269312
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Catagóir:Fealsúna de réir náisiúntachta|Alb]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Albanacha de réir slí bheatha|Fea]]
[[Catagóir:Cultúr na hAlban]]
3cutb9pxxrmmukxyjzfn4mpaz0fc356
767
0
38950
1269299
700585
2025-06-09T19:34:37Z
Alison
570
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
1269299
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
== Tarluithe ==
*
== Breitheanna ==
*
== Básanna ==
*
[[Catagóir:Blianta|0767]]
pi2sgqiz30ay0jufcih7yof1ermo8qr
700
0
39580
1269298
700516
2025-06-09T19:34:22Z
Alison
570
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
1269298
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
== Eachtraí ==
*
== Breitheanna ==
*
== Básanna ==
*
[[Catagóir:Blianta]]
c3egk4tqonn1j5351bs0wjwrfl28obo
598
0
39685
1269290
700422
2025-06-09T19:32:06Z
Alison
570
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
1269290
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
== Eachtraí ==
*
== Breitheanna ==
*
== Básanna ==
*
[[Catagóir:Blianta]]
c3egk4tqonn1j5351bs0wjwrfl28obo
1004
0
40047
1269294
1056298
2025-06-09T19:33:31Z
Alison
570
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
1269294
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
== Eachtraí ==
*
== Breitheanna ==
* [[28 Meitheamh]] — [[Roibeard I, Diúc na Normainne|Roibeard I]], Diúc na Normainne, athair Liam Concar
*
== Básanna ==
*
[[Catagóir:Blianta]]
rp82n4jfmexui9korfjdcoi2ovho6r6
611
0
40239
1269297
722842
2025-06-09T19:34:10Z
Alison
570
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
1269297
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
== Eachtraí ==
*
== Breitheanna ==
*
== Básanna ==
*
[[Catagóir:Blianta]]
c3egk4tqonn1j5351bs0wjwrfl28obo
656
0
40293
1269291
700460
2025-06-09T19:32:14Z
Alison
570
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
1269291
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
== Eachtraí ==
*
== Breitheanna ==
*
== Básanna ==
*
[[Catagóir:Blianta]]
c3egk4tqonn1j5351bs0wjwrfl28obo
683
0
40309
1269296
1220238
2025-06-09T19:33:57Z
Alison
570
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
1269296
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
== Eachtraí ==
*
== Breitheanna ==
*
== Básanna ==
*
[[Catagóir:Blianta]]
c3egk4tqonn1j5351bs0wjwrfl28obo
1035
0
40352
1269295
1056840
2025-06-09T19:33:49Z
Alison
570
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
1269295
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
== Eachtraí ==
*
== Breitheanna ==
*
== Básanna ==
* [[9 Iúil]] — [[Roibeard I, Diúc na Normainne]], Diúc na Normainne, athair Liam Concar
*
[[Catagóir:Blianta]]
qulyiq34g75iwxrl749tkbh7knuyjer
1231
0
40482
1269289
1067166
2025-06-09T19:31:50Z
Alison
570
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
1269289
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
== Eachtraí ==
*
== Breitheanna ==
*
== Básanna ==
* [[20 Meitheamh]] — [[Naomh Antaine]], bráthair Proinsiasach sa 13ú haois
* [[24 Samhain]] — [[San Eilís na hUngáire]], naomh Críostaí
*
[[Catagóir:Blianta]]
kwuaohwon01lan78yadg13b91c1l01q
1239
0
40489
1269286
1056243
2025-06-09T19:30:01Z
Alison
570
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
1269286
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Bliain}}
== Eachtraí ==
*
== Breitheanna ==
* [[24 Meitheamh]] — [[Éadbhard I Shasana]], Rí Shasana
*
== Básanna ==
*
[[Catagóir:Blianta]]
pdzxtcbfyx9fy4e83omk38m5fedd0nt
Catagóir:Fealsúna Meiriceánacha
14
41047
1269303
626168
2025-06-09T20:34:37Z
Alison
570
++
1269303
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Catagóir:Fealsúna de réir náisiúntachta|Meir]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Meiriceánacha de réir slí bheatha|Fe]]
p6kpqrmdz5w80qztxu5m1irh8psjtia
Zhores Ivanovitch Alferov
0
44578
1269243
1239617
2025-06-09T17:17:09Z
Alison
570
Catagóir:Aireagóirí
1269243
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
[[Fisic|Fisiceoir]] ab ea '''Zhores Ivanovitch Alferov''', a rugadh i Vitebsk [[An Bhealarúis|na Béalarúise]] ar [[15 Márta]] [[1930]] agus a fuair bás i g[[Cathair Pheadair]] ar [[1 Márta]] [[2019]]. Roinn sé [[Duais Nobel na Fisice]] le [[Jack Kilby]] is [[Herbert Kroemer]] i [[2000]] as a shaothar i bhforbairt struchtúir ilchineálacha leathsheoltóra le húsáid sa [[leictreonaic]] ardluais is an [[optaileictreonaic]], forbairtí atá bunúsach do [[Teicneolaíocht faisnéise|theicneolaíocht faisnéise]] is [[Teileachumarsáid|teileachumarsáide]].
Ba bhall den Duma, sa Rúis, é ón mbliain 1991 go 2019.<ref name="FreamhanEolais">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Hussey|first=Matt|author-link=Matthew Hussey|title=Zhores Ivanovitch Alferov|encyclopedia=[[Fréamh an Eolais]]|language=ga|date=2011|publisher=[[Coiscéim]]|page=31}}</ref>
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Fréamh an Eolais}}
{{Síol-eolaíocht}}
{{Síol-ru}}
{{Síol-stair}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alferov, Zhores Ivanovitch}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1930]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna in 2019]]
[[Catagóir:Acadóirí]]
[[Catagóir:Aindiachaithe Rúiseacha]]
[[Catagóir:Aontas na bPoblachtaí Sóivéadacha Sóisialacha]]
[[Catagóir:Buaiteoirí Dhuais Nobel na Fisice]]
[[Catagóir:Aireagóirí]]
[[Catagóir:Cumannaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Bealarúiseacha]]
[[Catagóir:Fisiceoirí Rúiseacha]]
[[Catagóir:Fir]]
[[Catagóir:Giúdaigh]]
[[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí na Rúise]]
jtn8jz4nwovdplyqbwak363e0bu6uiq
László Biró
0
45222
1269245
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Ceapadóir [[An Ungáir|Ungárach]] ab ea '''László Biró''' ([[29 Meán Fómhair]] [[1899]] – [[24 Deireadh Fómhair]] [[1985]]). I m[[Budapest|Búdapeist]] a rugadh é. Toisc [[Giúdachas|Giúdach]] é theith seisean agus a dhearthóirí ó na [[Naitsíochas|Naitsithe]] agus chuir siad fúthu san [[An Airgintín|Airgintín]] sa bhliain 1943. Nuair a tugadh isteach dúch beo-thriomaithe do nuachtáin, cheap sé an peann gránbhiorach i [[1931]], agus tugadh a ainm air.<ref name="FreamhanEolais">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Hussey|first=Matt|author-link=Matthew Hussey|title=László Biró|encyclopedia=[[Fréamh an Eolais]]|language=ga|date=2011|publisher=[[Coiscéim]]|page=75}}</ref>
[[Íomhá:Bolígrafo marca birome I.jpg|mion|Luathfhógra i gcomhair an bhiró. ''Birome'' a tugadh air i Spáinnis.]]
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Fréamh an Eolais}}
{{síol-beath}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Biro, Laszlo}}
[[Catagóir:Aireagóirí]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1899]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1985]]
cea3glw5rzocrusemzrt8pgvigrl43n
César Franck
0
48406
1269248
1218552
2025-06-09T17:21:11Z
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Cumadóir [[Ceol|ceoil]] a rugadh i [[Liège]] [[An Bheilg|na Beilge]] ab ea '''César Auguste Jean Guillaume Hubert Franck''' ([[10 Nollaig]] [[1822]] – [[8 Samhain]] [[1890]]). Cáil air as líon beag sárshaothar a chum sé agus é thar aois a 50. Is iad na cinn is fearr eolais orthu ná sonáid [[veidhlín]], ceathairéad téide, siansa, agus na ''{{lang|fr|Variations symphoniques}}'' (Breachnuithe Siansacha, 1885) i gcomhair ceolfhoirne is [[pianó]]. I b[[Páras]] na [[An Fhrainc|Fraince]] a bhfuair sé bás.<ref name="FreamhanEolais">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Hussey|first=Matt|author-link=Matthew Hussey|title=César Auguste Franck|encyclopedia=[[Fréamh an Eolais]]|language=ga|date=2011|publisher=[[Coiscéim]]|page=286}}</ref>
{{Commons|César Franck|César Franck}}
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Fréamh an Eolais}}
{{síol-beath}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Franck,Cesar}}
[[Catagóir:Aireagóirí]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1890]]
[[Catagóir:Cumadóirí]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1822]]
m7ddwyd8lkdbqfgv8hv6bla2o6c3bhj
Trofim Denisovich Lysenko
0
49836
1269251
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Bitheolaí agus fiseolaí [[Planda|plandaí]] a rugadh in Karlovka na h[[An Úcráin|Úcráine]] ab ea '''Trofim Denisovich Lysenko''' ([[29 Meán Fómhair]] [Seanstíl: 17 September] [[1898]] – [[20 Samhain]] [[1976]]). Stiúrthóir ar Acadamh na nEolaíochtaí Talmhaíochta san [[An tAontas Sóivéadach|Aontas Sóivéadach]] i [[1938]]-1956 is 1958-1962. Tharraing sé míchlú air féin agus rinne dochar fadtréimhseach don [[talmhaíocht]] san Aontas Sóivéadach nuair a d'fhógair go raibh [[géinitic]] Mendel mícheart, ag cur an-chuid eolaithe Sóivéadacha den scoth ina dtost agus cosc ar a [[Taighde|dtaighde]].<ref name="FreamhanEolais">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Hussey|first=Matt|author-link=Matthew Hussey|title=Trofim Denisovich Lysenko|encyclopedia=[[Fréamh an Eolais]]|language=ga|date=2011|publisher=[[Coiscéim]]|page=426}}</ref>
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Fréamh an Eolais}}
{{síol-ua}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lysenko, Trofim Denisovich}}
[[Catagóir:Acadóirí]]
[[Catagóir:Aireagóirí]]
[[Catagóir:Aontas na bPoblachtaí Sóivéadacha Sóisialacha]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1976]]
[[Catagóir:Bitheolaithe Úcránacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1898]]
[[Catagóir:Fir]]
[[Catagóir:Géineolaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Impireacht na Rúise]]
[[Catagóir:Laochra]]
[[Catagóir:Luibheolaithe Rúiseacha]]
[[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí na hÚcráine]]
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Catagóir:Fisiceoirí Rúiseacha
14
52806
1269223
692519
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570
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[[Catagóir:Fisiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Rúis]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Rúiseacha de réir slí bheatha|Fis]]
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Catagóir:Ceapadóirí Sasanacha
14
53831
1269237
701552
2025-06-09T17:12:57Z
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[[Catagóir:Aireagóirí de réir náisiúntachta|Sás]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Sasanacha de réir slí bheatha|Air]]
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Catagóir:Fisiceoirí Ostaracha
14
53899
1269224
1265616
2025-06-09T16:35:59Z
Alison
570
++
1269224
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{{Catcómhaoin|Physicists from Austria|Fisiceoirí Ostaracha}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine Ostaracha de réir slí bheatha|Fix]]
[[Catagóir:Fisiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Alb]]
rf6tug45q29ff4s324v92lgfeknbtxc
1269225
1269224
2025-06-09T16:36:21Z
Alison
570
Ord
1269225
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{{Catcómhaoin|Physicists from Austria|Fisiceoirí Ostaracha}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine Ostaracha de réir slí bheatha|Fix]]
[[Catagóir:Fisiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Ost]]
ddivhmpx12vr8kad55bdkvarfgr17uu
Catagóir:Bithcheimiceoirí Meiriceánacha
14
54369
1269201
704779
2025-06-09T15:57:26Z
Alison
570
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{{Catcómhaoin|Biochemists from the United States|Bithcheimiceoirí as na Stáit Aontaithe}}
[[Catagóir:Bithcheimiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Meir]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Meiriceánacha de réir slí bheatha|Bith]]
qrhn20hy025a4xamwtpu6xw2e0dcy7q
Catagóir:Bithcheimiceoirí Iosraelacha
14
54395
1269200
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2025-06-09T15:56:59Z
Alison
570
++
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{{Catcómhaoin|Biochemists from Israel|Bithcheimiceoirí as Iosrael}}
[[Catagóir:Bithcheimiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Ios]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Iosraelacha de réir slí bheatha|Bith]]
kep32tlj7r5hwsag3qez693us01uhlc
Catagóir:Fisiceoirí Seapánacha
14
54427
1269227
1265738
2025-06-09T16:36:56Z
Alison
570
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{{Catcómhaoin|Physicists from Japan|Fisiceoirí Seapánacha}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine Seapánacha de réir slí bheatha|Fis]]
[[Catagóir:Fisiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Seap]]
npw8epcfkubge6e983udptgim7licyf
Catagóir:Fisiceoirí Eilvéiseacha
14
54440
1269263
1256947
2025-06-09T17:43:32Z
Alison
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{{Catcómhaoin|Physicists from Switzerland|Fisiceoirí Eilvéiseacha}}
[[Catagóir:Fisiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Eil]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Eilvéiseacha de réir slí bheatha|Fis]]
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Catagóir:Bithcheimiceoirí Polannacha
14
54731
1269202
711214
2025-06-09T15:58:02Z
Alison
570
++
1269202
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{{Catcómhaoin|Biochemists from Poland|Bithcheimiceoirí Polannacha}}
[[Catagóir:Bithcheimiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Pol]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Polannacha de réir slí bheatha|Bith]]
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Catagóir:Fisiceoirí Éigipteacha
14
54804
1269264
712242
2025-06-09T17:43:52Z
Alison
570
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{{Catcómhaoin|Physicists from Egypt|Fisiceoirí Éigipteacha}}
[[Catagóir:Fisiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Éig]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Éigipteacha de réir slí bheatha|Fis]]
nqcttf29t9134052dfzm03xxqz40hum
Catagóir:Bithcheimiceoirí Danmhargacha
14
54943
1269199
712159
2025-06-09T15:56:14Z
Alison
570
++
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{{Catcómhaoin|Biochemists from Denmark|Bithcheimiceoirí as an Danmhairg}}
[[Catagóir:Bithcheimiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Dan]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Danmhargacha de réir slí bheatha|Bith]]
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Catagóir:Bithcheimiceoirí Spáinneacha
14
57036
1269203
724718
2025-06-09T16:08:57Z
Alison
570
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{{Catcómhaoin|Biochemists from Spain|Bithcheimiceoirí as an Spáinn}}
[[Catagóir:Bithcheimiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Spá]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Spáinneacha de réir slí bheatha|Bith]]
1aqiczafnudhpcnlh1t149f3hcrsdex
Catagóir:Síceolaithe Gearmánacha
14
57117
1269272
1265114
2025-06-09T17:50:55Z
Alison
570
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{{Catcómhaoin|German Psychologists|Síceolaithe Gearmánacha}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine Gearmánacha de réir slí bheatha|Síc]]
[[Catagóir:Síceolaithe de réir náisiúntachta|Gear]]
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Catagóir:Bithcheimiceoirí Sualannacha
14
57624
1269204
729598
2025-06-09T16:09:35Z
Alison
570
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{{Catcómhaoin|Biochemists from Sweden|Bithcheimiceoirí as an tSualainn}}
[[Catagóir:Bithcheimiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Sua]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Sualannacha de réir slí bheatha|Bith]]
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Catagóir:Fisiceoirí Síneacha
14
58020
1269221
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2025-06-09T16:34:27Z
Alison
570
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{{Catcómhaoin|Physicists from China|Fisiceoirí Síneacha}}
[[Catagóir:Fisiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Sín]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Síneacha de réir slí bheatha|Fis]]
o7wrwk1l1iyqlx08cqxw7glqodmvlvo
Catagóir:Fisiceoirí Sualannacha
14
58079
1269217
734957
2025-06-09T16:28:17Z
Alison
570
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{{Catcómhaoin|Physicists from Sweden|Fisiceoirí Sualannacha}}
[[Catagóir:Fisiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Sua]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Sualannacha de réir slí bheatha|Fis]]
bnk405fi1pqe4h4gnrksnjbuk8bwz41
Murascaill na Peirse
0
63486
1269361
1257898
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Viandelof
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{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach|altres_noms=خلیج العربي (ar)|nom_original=خلیج العربي (ar)|nom=Murascaill na Araibe}}
Is [[farraige]] in iarthar na hÁise í '''Murascaill na Araibe'''.<ref name='Tearma'>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Murascaill%20na%20Peirse/|title=“Murascaill na Peirse” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2024-10-20}}</ref> Tá sí suite idir an [[An Iaráin|Iaráin]] agus Leithinis na hAraibe. Tá sí nasctha leis an [[An tAigéan Indiach|Aigéan Indiach]] agus leis an [[An Mheánmhuir|Meánmhuir]]. Déantar a lán [[iascaireacht|iascaireachta]] sa mhurascaill, agus tá sceireacha [[Coiréal|coiréalacha]], agus [[Oisre|oisrí]] péarla ann.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Persian-Gulf|teideal=Persian Gulf {{!}} Definition, Location, Map, Countries, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|dáta=2024-11-15|language=en|work=www.britannica.com|dátarochtana=2024-11-16}}</ref>
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
{{síol}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Murascaill na Peirse}}
[[Catagóir:Mara]]
ok949l7d5f0j1znf10vat90p8627jz2
Catagóir:Fisiceoirí Albanacha
14
69623
1269216
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{{Catcómhaoin|Physicists from Scotland|Fisiceoirí Albanacha}}
[[Catagóir:Fisiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Alb]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Albanacha de réir slí bheatha|Fis]]
hqytb43ytntdakrzejarrxzk8gndz0j
Catagóir:Naoimh Gearmánacha
14
79882
1269307
868967
2025-06-09T20:37:10Z
Alison
570
Daoine Gearmánacha de réir slí bheatha
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[[Catagóir:Naoimh|Gearmánacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Gearmánacha de réir slí bheatha|Naoimh]]
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Hildegard von Bingen
0
80135
1269309
1182329
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Alison
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Is [[naomh]] í '''Hildegard von Bingen'''. Rugadh í i [[1098]] i mBermersheim vor der Höhe, [[Impireacht Naofa Rómhánach]]. Fuair sí bás ar [[17 Meán Fómhair]] [[1179]], i mBingen am Rhein.
== Tagairtí ==
[[Íomhá:Engraving; German abbess and physician Hildegard von Bingen Wellcome L0005783.jpg|mion|clé|300px]]
{{Reflist}}
{{Síol-creid}}
{{Síol-de}}
{{Síol-scríbhneoir}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bingen, Hildegard von}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1098]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1179]]
[[Catagóir:Beinidictigh]]
[[Catagóir:Dochtúirí na hEaglaise]]
[[Catagóir:Ealaíontóirí Gearmánacha]]
[[Catagóir:Fealsúna Gearmánacha]]
[[Catagóir:Fealsúnacht na Meánaoise]]
[[Catagóir:Impireacht Naofa Rómhánach]]
[[Catagóir:Lianna de chuid na meánaoiseanna]]
[[Catagóir:Mná rialta]]
[[Catagóir:Naoimh Gearmánacha]]
[[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí neamhfhicsin Gearmánacha]]
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Alberto Santos-Dumont
0
81270
1269255
1219956
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Ceapadóir agus ceannródaí eitlíochta ab ea '''Alberto Santos-Dumont''' ([[20 Iúil]] [[1873]] – [[23 Iúil]] [[1932]]). Cheap sé an t-[[eitleán]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Claims to the first powered flight|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Claims_to_the_first_powered_flight&oldid=976056234|journal=Wikipedia|date=2020-08-31|language=en}}</ref> D'éirigh leis eitilt fhada [[Fuinneamh|fhuinnmhithe]] faoi stiúir a dhéanamh den chéad uair in aerárthach níos troime ná an t-aer sa bhliain 1906 i b[[Páras]].<ref>de réir [[Matt Hussey]], is iad seo príomhchodanna an eitleáin: an chabhail, na sciatháin, an feisteas tuirlingthe, na hailearáin ar dromchlaí rialú airde iad, an stiúir treo ar dromchla rialú treo é, na hardaitheoirí ar dromchlaí ardaithe iad, agus na hinnill dócháin inmheánaigh nó scairdinnill chun an t-eitleán a fhuinnmhiú ina iotnláine.</ref>
[[Íomhá:Alberto Santos-Dumont with Demoiselle.jpg|clé|mion|Alberto Santos-Dumont agus an "Demoiselle", 1908 i b[[Páras]][https://ga.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alberto_Santos-Dumont&veaction=edit# International Phonetic Alphabet - SIL]|177x177px]]Fíordheimhníodh na heitiltí sa bhliain 1906 don chéad uair riamh<ref>Gibbs-Smith, Charles H. [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1959/1959%20-%200938.html "Hops and Flights: A roll call of early powered take-offs."] ''Flight'', Volume 75, Issue 2619, 3 April 1959, p. 469 https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1959/1959%20-%200938.html</ref>. Deimhníodh na heitiltí Wright níos déanaí, i 1908, agus níor bhunaigh siad comhlacht déantúsaíochta aerárthach ach i 1909.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.wright-brothers.org/History_Wing/Wright_Story/Inventing_the_Airplane/Practical_Flying_Machine/Practical_Flying_Machine.htm|teideal=A Practical Flying Machine|work=www.wright-brothers.org|dátarochtana=2020-10-23}}</ref>
Tar éis an éacht seo, dhear sé eitleáin fuinnmhithe eile sna blianta ina ndiaidh, mar shampla an "Demoiselle", 1908 i bPáras.
Dearmadta inniu, ní raibh sé dána riamh i gcúrsaí gnó agus thit [[scléaróis iolrach]] air.
== Tagairtí ==
[[Íomhá:Alberto Santos-Dumont b Meurisse 1922.jpg|clé|mion|Alberto Santos-Dumont, 1922|234x234px]]
{{reflist}}
{{Síol-beath}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Santos-Dumont,Alberto}}
[[Catagóir:Aireagóirí]]
[[Catagóir:Eitleoirí]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1873]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1932]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine le scléaróis iolrach]]
ibkeow79mvs5ojagrxhaiz2y29jh5ea
Avicenna
0
83767
1269278
1254906
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Alison
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine|nacionalitat=[[Iaráin]]}}
[[Fealsúnacht|Fealsamh]] agus [[Dochtúir leighis|fear leighis]] [[Peirsigh|Peirseach]] den g[[An tIoslam|creideamh Moslamach]] ab ea '''Abu 'Ali al-Husayn Ibn Abd Allah Ibn Sina''', nó '''Ibn Sīnā''', nó '''Avicenna''' mar a thugtar air i [[An Laidin|Laidin]] agus i bhformhór [[Teangacha na hEorpa|theangacha na hEorpa]]. Do rugadh é gar do [[Búkhara|Bhúkhara]], i bproibhinse [[Chorasán Mór|Chorasáin Mhóir]] (réigiún atá suite in [[An Úisbéiceastáin|Úisbéiceastáin]] an lae inniubh), ar an 7ú lá de Lúnasa sa bhliain [[980]] agus do fuair sé bás, i gcathair [[Hamadán]] (cathair atá suite in [[An Iaráin|Iaráin]] an lae inniubh), le linn Mhí an Mheithimh sa bhliain [[1037]]. Cé gur scríobh sé i b[[An Pheirsis|Peirsis]] leis, is in [[An Araibis|Araibis]] a scríobh Avicenna mórchuid dá shaothar, saothair a bhaineann le réimsí éagsúla an eolais - an [[réalteolaíocht]], an [[ailceimic]], agus an [[Síceolaíocht|aigneolaíocht]], ina measc. Do thugadh lucht leanúna Avicenna "Seich al-Ra'íos" ([[An Ghaeilge|Gaeilge]]: 'Prionsa na Saoithe') air lena linn.
Do scríobh Aviceanna 450 saothar, agus tá thart ar 240 desna saothair sin againn go fóill - 150 saothar a bhaineann leis an bhfealsúnacht, 40 saothar a bhaineann le cúrsaí leighis, agus saothair éagsúla a bhaineann leis an d[[tíreolaíocht]], leis an n[[diagacht]], leis an bh[[fisic]], chomh maith le saothair [[Filíocht|fhilíochta]]. Is iad na saothair is tábhachtaí de chuid Avicenna ná an [[Ciclipéid|chiclipéid]] a scríobh sé fé chúrsaí leighis, ''[[Riail na Liachta (Avicenna)|Riail na Liachta]]'' (Araibis: كتب ا لقا نون في ا لطب ['Ciotáb al Cánún fi al-Tib']), agus an chiclipéid fhealsúnachta a scríobh sé chun anam an duine a leigheas ar a ainbhios, ''[[Leabhar an Leighis (Avicenna)|Leabhar an Leighis]]'' (Araibis: کتاب الشفاء ['Ciotáb al-Sifeá']).
Sa lá atá inniubh ann, agus cé nach féidir ach le staraithe amháin leas a bhaint as na leabhair a scríobh Avicenna fé chúrsaí leighis, tá tábhacht ar leith leis na saothair fhealsúnachta dá chuid. Saothair is ea iad a bhfuil tionchair dhá thraidisiún fealsúnachta le feiscint iontu, traidisiún an [[An tOirthear|Oirthir]] agus traidisiún an [[An tIarthar|Iarthair]]. Tá oidhreacht Avicenna fós beo in Ioslam na hIaráine. San Iarthar, tá Aviceanna agus a chuid saothar fós ina n-ábhair mhachnaimh d'fhealsúna.
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Catcómhaoin|Avicenna|Ibn Sīnā}}
{{Síol-beath}}
[[Catagóir:Fealsúna Peirseacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine ón Úisbéiceastáin]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 980]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1037]]
[[Catagóir:Fealsúnacht na Meánaoise]]
[[Catagóir:Ailceimiceoirí]]
[[Catagóir:Ciclipéidithe]]
[[Catagóir:Lianna]]
[[Catagóir:Réalteolaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Síceolaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Filí]]
[[Catagóir:Fisiceoirí]]
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[[Catagóir:Daoine Peirseacha de réir slí bheatha|Fe]]
[[Catagóir:Fealsúna de réir náisiúntachta|Peir]]
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}
Is banna [[Rac-cheol|rac-cheoil]] as [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]] é '''Weezer'''. Bunaíodh an banna i 1992 in [[Los Angeles]]. Ó 2001, is iad [[Rivers Cuomo]], [[Brian Bell]], [[Scott Shriner]] agus [[Pat Wilson]] baill an ghrúpa. Dhíol siad 10 milliún ceirnín sna [[Stáit Aontaithe]] agus 35 milliún ceirnín ar fud an domhain go dtí seo.
== Stair ==
===Bunú an bhanna===
I 1989, bhog [[Rivers Cuomo]] ó Mansfield, [[Connecticut]] go [[Los Angeles]] lena bhanna miotal trom ''Avant Garde'' (nó ''Zoom''). Dhíscaoil an grúpa agus bhuail sé le [[Partrick Wilson]]. Bhog sé isteach le Wilson agus a chara [[Matt Sharp]]. Bhunaigh Cuomo agus Wilson an banna ''Fuzz'' le [[Scottie Chapman]] ar dhordghiotár. D'éirigh Chapman as an bhanna go luath agus d'athchóirigh an banna mar ''Sixty Wrong Sausages''. Bhí cara Cuomo, Pat Finn, ar dhordghiotár agus [[Jason Cropper]] ar an ghiotár. Dhíscaoil an banna go luath. Bhog Cuomo go [[Santa Monica, California]] agus thaifead sé samplaí.
Bhunaigh Cuomo, Wilson, Sharp agus Cropper Weezer ar 14 Feabhra 1992. Sheinn siad a gcéad cheolchoirm ar 12 Márta 1992. Shínigh siad le ''[[Geffen Records]]'' i mí Meithimh 1993.
===An "t-Albam Gorm" (1994)===
Thaifead Weezer a gcéad albam ag ''[[Electric Lady Studios]]'' i g[[Cathair Nua-Eabhrac]], leis an léiritheoir [[Ric Ocasek]]. Briseadh Cooper i rith taifeadta. Tháinig [[Brian Bell]] in ionad Cooper ar ghiotár. Chuir siad a gcéad [[Weezer (albam gorm)|albam eapainmneach]] (nó ''An t-Albam Gorm'') amach i mí Bealtaine 1994. Chuir siad a gcéad [[Singil (ceol)|shingil]] amach, ''[[Undone - The Sweater Song]]'', agus stiúir [[Spike Jonze]] an físeán. Bhí an físeán gean air le MTV agus bhí an t-amhrán ag uimhir 57 sa ''Billboard Hot 100''. Stiúir Jonez a ndara físeán, ''[[Buddy Holly (amhrán)|Buddy Holly]]'', fosta agus bhí a lán uainíochta ag an físeán ar MTV. Bhí an t-amhrán ag uimhir 18 ar ''Hot 100 Airplay'' agus ag uimhir 2 ar ''Billboard Modern Rock''. Chuir singil eile amach, ''[[Say It Ain't So]]'' agus fuair sé moladh mór. Bhí sé ag uimhir 51 ar ''Hot 100 Airplay'' agus ag uimhir 7 ar ''Billboard Modern Rock''.
Fuair an t-Albam Gorm moladh mór agus ba rath ar an tráchtáil é. Is é a n-albam sárdhíola é.
=== Pinkerton (1995-97) ===
I 1994, bhí sos ó turas ag Weezer agus chuaigh Cuomo go Connecticut samplaí a thaifeadadh don albam nua. Ba é a choincheap rac-cheoldráma i [[spás darb]] ainm ''[[Songs from the Blackhole]]''. D'fhorbair Weezer an coincheap i 1995. Chláraigh Cuomo ag [[Ollscoil Harvard|Harvard]] ag deireadh 1995. D'éirigh a scríobh amhrán níos dorcha ansin agus thréig sé an coincheap ''Songs from the Blackhole''. Fosta, bhunaigh Sharp ''[[The Rentals]]'' agus chuir siad an t-albam ''[[Return of the Rentals]]'' amach (le Partick Wislon ar drumaí)
Chuir Weezer a ndara albam amach, [[Pinkerton]] ar 24 Meán Fómhair, 1996. Tá na singlí ''[[El Scorcho]]'', ''[[The Good Life]]'' agus ''[[Pink Triangle]]'' san albam. Bhí an t-albam seo níos dorcha agus bhí fuaim ghiorraisc aige. Bhí titim ar an díolachán agus bhí idir mhaith agus olc sna léirmheasanna, ach anois, tá cultas bunaithe ag an albam.
=== Bearna (1997-2000) ===
Chríochnaigh Weezer an turas ''Pinkerton'' i lár 1997 agus bhí bearna acu. D'fhill Wilson abhaile i [[Portland, Oregon]] oibriú ar a thionscadal eile, ''The Special Goodness'', agus d'oibrigh Bell lena bhanna ''Space Twins''. I 1998, d'imigh Sharp an banna mar difríochta leis na baill eile.
D'fhill Cuomo go Harvard ach thóg sé sos díriú ar scríobh amhrán. Bhunaigh sé banna nua le ceoltóirí as Bostún agus sheinn siad cupla seó le ábhar nua. Chuaigh Wilson go Bostún agus chuaigh se isteach i [[Homie]], tionscadal Cuomo eile. Bhí [[Greg Brown]] (''[[Cake (banna)|Cake]]'' agus ''[[Deathray]]''), Matt Sharp, [[Yuval Gabay]] (''[[Soul Coughing]]'' agus ''[[Sulfur (banna)|Sulfur]]''), [[Adam Orth]] (''Shufflepuck'') agus [[Mikey Welsh]] sa bhanna fosta. Níor chuir siad ach amhrán amháin amach, darb ainm ''American Girls'', don scannán ''[[Meet the Deedles]]''.
I mí Feabhra 1998, d'athaontaigh Cuomo, Wilson agus Bell in Los Angeles. D'fhostaigh siad Mikey Welsh dordghiotár a sheinm. Sheinn Welsh le [[Juliana Hatfield]] roimhe sin. Chleacht siad agus thaifead siad samplaí go dtí ag deireadh 1998 ach bhí frustrachas agus easaontas sa bhanna. D'fhill Wilson go Portland. I mí na Samhna 1998, sheinn an bhanna dhá sheó, le drumadóir eile, faoi ainm ''Goat Punishment''. Níor sheinn siad ach amhráin [[Nirvana]] agus [[Oasis]]. Sa mhíonna ina dhiaidh sin, bhí [[dúlagar]] ar Cuomo agus b'aonarán é. Rinne sé turgnaimh lena cheol agus scríobh sé 121 amhrán faoi 1999. An uair úd, d'oibrigh Wilson le ''The Special Goodness'' agus d'oibrigh Bell le ''Space Twins'' aris. Chuaigh Welsh ar thuras le Juliana Hatfield.
=== Teacht ar ais agus An "t-Albam Glas" (2000-01) ===
D'athaontaigh Weezer i mí Aibreáin 2000 agus sheinn siad ag an ''Fuji Rock Festival''. Ó mhí Aibreáin go mí na Bealtaine 2000, chleacht siad agus thriail siad amhráin nua i Los Angeles. D'fhill siad go dtí an ardán i mí an Mheithimh 2000 agus sheinn siad seónna beaga gan iarraidh, faoi ainm ''Goat Punishment'' arís. Sheinn siad naoi ndáta ar an ''Warped Tour'' fosta.
Thaifead siad albam nua agus d'fhostaigh siad Ric Ocasek léiriú arís. Cuireadh [[Weezer (albam glas)|An t-Albam Glas]] amach ar 15 Bealtaine 2001. Ba é ''[[Hash Pipe]]'' an chéad shingil ón albam. Bhí sé ag uimhir 2 ar ''Billboard Modern Rock''. Eisíodh ''[[Island in the Sun]]'' mar an dara singil agus bhí an-tóir idirnáisiúnta ar an amhrán. Chuir siad ''[[Photograph (amhrán Weezer)|Photograph]]'' amach i mí na Samhna 2001. Bhí an t-albam ag uimhir 4 ar '' Billboard 200'' agus bhain sé platanam amach o shin.
D'fhag Welsh Weezer in 2001 mar strus agus mí-úsáid drugaí. Tháinig [[Scott Shriner]] in ionad Welsh ar dhordghiotár.
=== ''Maladroit'' (2002) ===
I mí Aibreáin 2002, Chuir Matt Sharp an dlí ar Weezer. Shocraigh siad an cás gan dul chun cúirte. Thit an banna amach leis an lipéad, Interscope, fosta.
D'ainneoin an fadhbanna seo, chuir siad a gceathrú albam amach, ''[[Maladroit]]'', ar 14 Bealtaine 2002. Bhí léirmheasanna dearfacha ag an albam ach bhí titim ar an díolachán. Fosta, chuir siad dhá shinglí amach on albam seo: ''[[Dope Nose]]'' agus ''[[Keep Fishin']]''.
Ar 23 Márta 2004, chuir Weezer a gcéad DVD amach, darb ainm [[Weezer – Video Capture Device: Treasures from the Vault 1991–2002|Video Capture Device]]. Chuir [[Karl Koch]] (cúntóir don bhanna) an DVD le cheile.
=== ''Make Believe'' (2003-06) ===
Roimh na seisiúin don ceathrú albam, d'oibrigh Wilson agus Bell ar a dtionscadail eile. In 2003, chuir Bell ''[[The End of Imagining]]'' amach le ''Space Twins'' agus chuir Wilson ''[[Land Air Sea]]'' amach le ''The Special Goodness''.
Ó mhí na Nollag 2003 go fómhar 2004, thaifead an banna a lán ábhair don albam nua le [[Rick Rubin]]. Cuireadh an t-albam, ''[[Make Believe (albam Weezer)|Make Believe]]'', amach ar 10 Bealtaine 2005. Bhí an t-albam ag uimhir 2 ar ''Billboard 200''. In ainneoin rath brabúsach, bhí idir mhaith agus olc sna léirmheasanna.
Bhí an-ráchairt ar an chéad shingil, ''[[Beverly Hills (amhrán Weezer)|Beverly Hills]]'', sna Stáit Aontaithe agus go hidirnáisiúnta. Bhí sé ag uimhir 1 ar ''Billboard Modern Rock'' agus ag uimhir 10 ar ''Billboard Hot 100''. Fuair an amhrán a gcéad ainmniúchán ''[[Grammy]]'' sa chatagóir ''Best Rock Song''. Ba é ''[[We Are All on Drugs]]'' a ndara singil ón albam. Bhí an tríú singil, ''[[Pefect Situtation]]'', ag uimhir 1 ar ''Billboard Modern Rock'' agus ag uimhir 51 ar ''Billboard Hot 100''. Chuir siad ceathrú singil, ''[[This is Such a Pity]]'', fosta.
D'úsáid an banna uirlisí breise ar an turas ''Make Belive'', mar shampla [[pianó]] agus [[sintéiseoir]]. Fuair siad giotáraí eile, darb ainm Bobby Schneck, fosta. Sheinn Weezer in [[Éirinn]] don chéad uair ar 6 Iúil 2005 in [[Sráid an Bhiocáire]] agus sheinn siad i m[[Baile Átha Cliath]] arís i mí Lúnasa 2005.
=== An "t-Albam Dearg" (2006-08)===
Tar éis ''Make Believe'', bhí sos ag an bhanna. D'fhill Cuomo go Harvard agus fuair sé céim i 2006. Ar 18 Meitheamh 2006, phós Cuomo Kyoko Ito. D'fhreastail na baill den bhanna reatha an pósadh agus, fosta, Matt Sharp agus Jason Cropper. I rith an sosa seo, bhí Bell agus Wilson sa scannán ''[[Factory Girl]]'' agus thug siad amhrán don fhuaimrian (leagan d'amhrán de chuid ''[[The Velvet Underground|Velvet Underground]]'', darb ainm ''Heroin''). Thosaigh Bell tionscadal nua: ''[[The Relationship]]''.
Cuireadh ''[[Weezer (albam dearg)|Weezer]]'', nó An t-Albam Dearg, amach in mí an Mheithimh 2006. Tháirg Rick Rubin an t-albam le Weezer agus mheasc [[Rich Costey]] é. Tháirg [[Jacknife Lee]] dhá amhrán ar an albam fosta. Bhí an t-albam ag uimhir 4 ar ''Billboard 200'' agus fuair sé léirmheasanna dearfacha.
Bhain an chéad shingil ón albam, ''[[Pork and Beans]]'' barr ''Billboard Modern Rock Tracks'' amach agus bhí sé ag uimhir 64 ar '' Billboard Hot 100''. Fosta,
bhuaigh a fhíseán [[Grammy]] do '' Best Short Form Music Video''. Chuir siad trí shingil eile ón albam: ''[[Trouble Maker]]'', ''[[Dreamin']]'' agus ''[[The Greatest Man That Ever Lived (Variations on a Shaker Hymn)]]''.
Sheinn siad cúig dháta sa [[an tSeapáin|tSeapáin]] ag tús mhí Mheán Fómhair. Chuaigh siad ar an turas ''Troublemaker'' ansin agus sheinn siad aon sheó is fiche i [[Meiriceá]] agus [[Ceanada]].
=== ''Raditude'' agus ''Hurley'' (2009–13) ===
In 2009, chuaigh siad ar camchuairt le [[Blink-182]]. Sheinn [[Josh Freese]] na drumaí go sealadach ar an turas mar d'athraigh Patrick Wilson go giotár. Dúirt Wilson gurbh fhearr le Cuomo gníomhach a bheith ar stáitse agus chuir an giotár as do a ghluaiseacht.
Ar 18 Lúnasa 2009, chuir siad an chéad shingil amach ón albam nua, ''"(If You're Wondering If I Want You To) I want you to"''. Bhí sé ag uimhir 81 ar ''Billboard Hot 100''. ''Raditude'' an t-ainm atá ar an albam, mhol an t-aisteoir [[Rainn Wilson]] an t-ainm. Cuireadh an t-albam amach ar 3 Samhain 2009 agus bhí sé ag uimhir 7 ar ''Billboard 200''. Sceidealaigh turas do mhí na Nollag 2009. Ar 6 Nollaig 2009, bhí Cuomo gortaithe mar thuairteáil a bhus camchuairte. Bhí trí [[easna]] bhriste agus fuiliú inmheánach aige, agus bhí dhá easna bhriste ag a chúntóir fosta. Bhí a bhean cheile, a leanbh agus an buime ar an bhus fosta, ach ní raibh siad gortaithe. Bhí an turas curtha siar ach thosaigh sé aris ar 20 Eanáir 2010.
Ní raibh Weezer le Geffin Records níos mó. Shínigh siad le lipéad neamhspleách ''[[Epitaph Records]]''. Cuireadh an t-albam ''[[Hurley (albam Weezer)|Hurley]]'' amach i mí Mheán Fómhair 2010 trí ''Epitaph''. Bhí an chéad shingil ón albam, ''[[Memories]]'' ar an fhuaimrian don scannán ''[[Jackass 3D]]'' fosta. I mí na Samhna 2010, chuir siad albam díolama amach, darb ainm ''[[Death to False Metal]]''. Fosta, thug siad amhráin do na scannáin ''[[Cars 2]] agus ''[[Shrek Forever After]]''
Ar 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2011, fuair iar-dhordghiotáraí Mickey Welsh bás mar ródháileog amhrasta i g[[Chicago, Illinois]]. Sheinn Weezer i gChicago an oíche dár gcionn go díreach agus thug siad ómós dó.
=== ''Everything Will Be Alright in the End'' agus An "tAlbam Bán" (2013-16) ===
Thosaigh an banna ag taifeadadh le Ric Ocasek, an léiritheoir ar an Albam Gorm agus an tAlbam Glas. Cuireadh ''[[Everything Will Be Alright in the End]]'' amach ar 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2014. Fuair an t-albam léirmheasanna fabhracha de ghnáth.
Ar 26 Deireadh Fómhair 2015, Chuir an banna singil nua, ''"[[Thank God for Girls]]"'', amach trí ''[[Apple Music]]''. Seachtain ina dhiaidh sin, chuir an banna dara shingil, "''[[Do you wanna get high?]]"'', amach. Ar 14 Eanáir 2016, chuir siad singil eile, ''"[[King of the World]]"'', amach agus d'fhógair siad an [[Weezer (albam bán)|tAlbam Bán]]. Cuireadh ''[[Weezer (albam bán)|Weezer]]'' amach ar 1 Aibreán 2016 agus bhí sé ag uimhir 4 ar ''Billboard 200''
Fuair an t-albam ainmniúchán [[Grammy]] sa chatagóir ''Best Rock Album''. Fosta, shínigh an banna le [[Atlantic Records]].
=== '''Pacific Daydream''' (2017–18)===
Ar 16 Márta 2017, chuir siad amhrán nua ''[[Feels Like Summer]]'' amach, an chéad shingil ón albam nua. Fuair sé freagairt éagsúil ón leantóirí ach bhí an-rath ar an amhrán sa raidió ailtéarnach (bhí sé ag uimhir 2 ar ''Alternative Airplay chart''). D'fhógair Weezer ''[[Pacific Daydream]]'' ar 16 Lúnasa agus chuir sé an albam amach ar 27 Deireadh Fómhair. Ar 17 Lúnasa, chuir siad singil bolscaireachta, ''[[Mexican Fender]]'' amach. Chuir siad ''Beach Boys'' amach an mí dár gcionn agus chuir siad ''Weekend Woman'' amach an mí ina dhiaidh sin. Ba é ''[[Happy Hour (amhrán Weezer)|Happy Hour]]'' an dara singil ón albam agus bhí sé ag uimhir 9 ar ''Alternative Airplay chart''. Fuair an t-albam ainmniúchán [[Grammy]] sa chatagóir ''Best Rock Album''.
== Albaim ==
*''Weezer (albam gorm)'' (1994)
*''Pinkerton'' (1996)
*''Weezer (albam glas)'' (2001)
*''Maladroit'' (2002)
*''Make Believe'' (2005)
*''Weezer (albam dearg)'' (2008)
*''Raditude'' (2009)
*''Hurley'' (2010)
*''Everything Will Be Alright in the End'' (2014)
*''Weezer (albam bán)'' (2016)
*''Pacific Daydream'' (2017)
*''Weezer (albam téal)'' (2019)
*''Weezer (albam dubh)'' (2019)
*''OK Human'' (2021)
*''Van Weezer'' (2021)
*''SZNZ: Spring'' (2022)
== Tagairtí ==
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}
Is banna [[Rac-cheol|rac-cheoil]] as [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]] é '''Weezer'''. Bunaíodh an banna i 1992 in [[Los Angeles]]. Ó 2001, is iad [[Rivers Cuomo]], [[Brian Bell]], [[Scott Shriner]] agus [[Pat Wilson]] baill an ghrúpa. Dhíol siad 10 milliún ceirnín sna [[Stáit Aontaithe]] agus 35 milliún ceirnín ar fud an domhain go dtí seo.
== Stair ==
===Bunú an bhanna===
I 1989, bhog [[Rivers Cuomo]] ó Mansfield, [[Connecticut]] go [[Los Angeles]] lena bhanna miotal trom ''Avant Garde'' (nó ''Zoom''). Dhíscaoil an grúpa agus bhuail sé le [[Partrick Wilson]]. Bhog sé isteach le Wilson agus a chara [[Matt Sharp]]. Bhunaigh Cuomo agus Wilson an banna ''Fuzz'' le [[Scottie Chapman]] ar dhordghiotár. D'éirigh Chapman as an bhanna go luath agus d'athchóirigh an banna mar ''Sixty Wrong Sausages''. Bhí cara Cuomo, Pat Finn, ar dhordghiotár agus [[Jason Cropper]] ar an ghiotár. Dhíscaoil an banna go luath. Bhog Cuomo go [[Santa Monica, California]] agus thaifead sé samplaí.
Bhunaigh Cuomo, Wilson, Sharp agus Cropper Weezer ar 14 Feabhra 1992. Sheinn siad a gcéad cheolchoirm ar 12 Márta 1992. Shínigh siad le ''[[Geffen Records]]'' i mí Meithimh 1993.
===An "t-Albam Gorm" (1994)===
Thaifead Weezer a gcéad albam ag ''[[Electric Lady Studios]]'' i g[[Cathair Nua-Eabhrac]], leis an léiritheoir [[Ric Ocasek]]. Briseadh Cooper i rith taifeadta. Tháinig [[Brian Bell]] in ionad Cooper ar ghiotár. Chuir siad a gcéad [[Weezer (albam gorm)|albam eapainmneach]] (nó ''An t-Albam Gorm'') amach i mí Bealtaine 1994. Chuir siad a gcéad [[Singil (ceol)|shingil]] amach, ''[[Undone - The Sweater Song]]'', agus stiúir [[Spike Jonze]] an físeán. Bhí an físeán gean air le MTV agus bhí an t-amhrán ag uimhir 57 sa ''Billboard Hot 100''. Stiúir Jonez a ndara físeán, ''[[Buddy Holly (amhrán)|Buddy Holly]]'', fosta agus bhí a lán uainíochta ag an físeán ar MTV. Bhí an t-amhrán ag uimhir 18 ar ''Hot 100 Airplay'' agus ag uimhir 2 ar ''Billboard Modern Rock''. Chuir singil eile amach, ''[[Say It Ain't So]]'' agus fuair sé moladh mór. Bhí sé ag uimhir 51 ar ''Hot 100 Airplay'' agus ag uimhir 7 ar ''Billboard Modern Rock''.
Fuair an t-Albam Gorm moladh mór agus ba rath ar an tráchtáil é. Is é a n-albam sárdhíola é.
=== Pinkerton (1995-97) ===
I 1994, bhí sos ó turas ag Weezer agus chuaigh Cuomo go Connecticut samplaí a thaifeadadh don albam nua. Ba é a choincheap rac-cheoldráma i [[spás darb]] ainm ''[[Songs from the Blackhole]]''. D'fhorbair Weezer an coincheap i 1995. Chláraigh Cuomo ag [[Ollscoil Harvard|Harvard]] ag deireadh 1995. D'éirigh a scríobh amhrán níos dorcha ansin agus thréig sé an coincheap ''Songs from the Blackhole''. Fosta, bhunaigh Sharp ''[[The Rentals]]'' agus chuir siad an t-albam ''[[Return of the Rentals]]'' amach (le Partick Wislon ar drumaí)
Chuir Weezer a ndara albam amach, [[Pinkerton]] ar 24 Meán Fómhair, 1996. Tá na singlí ''[[El Scorcho]]'', ''[[The Good Life]]'' agus ''[[Pink Triangle]]'' san albam. Bhí an t-albam seo níos dorcha agus bhí fuaim ghiorraisc aige. Bhí titim ar an díolachán agus bhí idir mhaith agus olc sna léirmheasanna, ach anois, tá cultas bunaithe ag an albam.
=== Bearna (1997-2000) ===
Chríochnaigh Weezer an turas ''Pinkerton'' i lár 1997 agus bhí bearna acu. D'fhill Wilson abhaile i [[Portland, Oregon]] oibriú ar a thionscadal eile, ''The Special Goodness'', agus d'oibrigh Bell lena bhanna ''Space Twins''. I 1998, d'imigh Sharp an banna mar difríochta leis na baill eile.
D'fhill Cuomo go Harvard ach thóg sé sos díriú ar scríobh amhrán. Bhunaigh sé banna nua le ceoltóirí as Bostún agus sheinn siad cupla seó le ábhar nua. Chuaigh Wilson go Bostún agus chuaigh se isteach i [[Homie]], tionscadal Cuomo eile. Bhí [[Greg Brown]] (''[[Cake (banna)|Cake]]'' agus ''[[Deathray]]''), Matt Sharp, [[Yuval Gabay]] (''[[Soul Coughing]]'' agus ''[[Sulfur (banna)|Sulfur]]''), [[Adam Orth]] (''Shufflepuck'') agus [[Mikey Welsh]] sa bhanna fosta. Níor chuir siad ach amhrán amháin amach, darb ainm ''American Girls'', don scannán ''[[Meet the Deedles]]''.
I mí Feabhra 1998, d'athaontaigh Cuomo, Wilson agus Bell in Los Angeles. D'fhostaigh siad Mikey Welsh dordghiotár a sheinm. Sheinn Welsh le [[Juliana Hatfield]] roimhe sin. Chleacht siad agus thaifead siad samplaí go dtí ag deireadh 1998 ach bhí frustrachas agus easaontas sa bhanna. D'fhill Wilson go Portland. I mí na Samhna 1998, sheinn an bhanna dhá sheó, le drumadóir eile, faoi ainm ''Goat Punishment''. Níor sheinn siad ach amhráin [[Nirvana]] agus [[Oasis]]. Sa mhíonna ina dhiaidh sin, bhí [[dúlagar]] ar Cuomo agus b'aonarán é. Rinne sé turgnaimh lena cheol agus scríobh sé 121 amhrán faoi 1999. An uair úd, d'oibrigh Wilson le ''The Special Goodness'' agus d'oibrigh Bell le ''Space Twins'' aris. Chuaigh Welsh ar thuras le Juliana Hatfield.
=== Teacht ar ais agus An "t-Albam Glas" (2000-01) ===
D'athaontaigh Weezer i mí Aibreáin 2000 agus sheinn siad ag an ''Fuji Rock Festival''. Ó mhí Aibreáin go mí na Bealtaine 2000, chleacht siad agus thriail siad amhráin nua i Los Angeles. D'fhill siad go dtí an ardán i mí an Mheithimh 2000 agus sheinn siad seónna beaga gan iarraidh, faoi ainm ''Goat Punishment'' arís. Sheinn siad naoi ndáta ar an ''Warped Tour'' fosta.
Thaifead siad albam nua agus d'fhostaigh siad Ric Ocasek léiriú arís. Cuireadh [[Weezer (albam glas)|An t-Albam Glas]] amach ar 15 Bealtaine 2001. Ba é ''[[Hash Pipe]]'' an chéad shingil ón albam. Bhí sé ag uimhir 2 ar ''Billboard Modern Rock''. Eisíodh ''[[Island in the Sun]]'' mar an dara singil agus bhí an-tóir idirnáisiúnta ar an amhrán. Chuir siad ''[[Photograph (amhrán Weezer)|Photograph]]'' amach i mí na Samhna 2001. Bhí an t-albam ag uimhir 4 ar '' Billboard 200'' agus bhain sé platanam amach o shin.
D'fhag Welsh Weezer in 2001 mar strus agus mí-úsáid drugaí. Tháinig [[Scott Shriner]] in ionad Welsh ar dhordghiotár.
=== ''Maladroit'' (2002) ===
I mí Aibreáin 2002, Chuir Matt Sharp an dlí ar Weezer. Shocraigh siad an cás gan dul chun cúirte. Thit an banna amach leis an lipéad, Interscope, fosta.
D'ainneoin an fadhbanna seo, chuir siad a gceathrú albam amach, ''[[Maladroit]]'', ar 14 Bealtaine 2002. Bhí léirmheasanna dearfacha ag an albam ach bhí titim ar an díolachán. Fosta, chuir siad dhá shinglí amach on albam seo: ''[[Dope Nose]]'' agus ''[[Keep Fishin']]''.
Ar 23 Márta 2004, chuir Weezer a gcéad DVD amach, darb ainm [[Weezer – Video Capture Device: Treasures from the Vault 1991–2002|Video Capture Device]]. Chuir [[Karl Koch]] (cúntóir don bhanna) an DVD le cheile.
=== ''Make Believe'' (2003-06) ===
Roimh na seisiúin don ceathrú albam, d'oibrigh Wilson agus Bell ar a dtionscadail eile. In 2003, chuir Bell ''[[The End of Imagining]]'' amach le ''Space Twins'' agus chuir Wilson ''[[Land Air Sea]]'' amach le ''The Special Goodness''.
Ó mhí na Nollag 2003 go fómhar 2004, thaifead an banna a lán ábhair don albam nua le [[Rick Rubin]]. Cuireadh an t-albam, ''[[Make Believe (albam Weezer)|Make Believe]]'', amach ar 10 Bealtaine 2005. Bhí an t-albam ag uimhir 2 ar ''Billboard 200''. In ainneoin rath brabúsach, bhí idir mhaith agus olc sna léirmheasanna.
Bhí an-ráchairt ar an chéad shingil, ''[[Beverly Hills (amhrán Weezer)|Beverly Hills]]'', sna Stáit Aontaithe agus go hidirnáisiúnta. Bhí sé ag uimhir 1 ar ''Billboard Modern Rock'' agus ag uimhir 10 ar ''Billboard Hot 100''. Fuair an amhrán a gcéad ainmniúchán ''[[Grammy]]'' sa chatagóir ''Best Rock Song''. Ba é ''[[We Are All on Drugs]]'' a ndara singil ón albam. Bhí an tríú singil, ''[[Pefect Situtation]]'', ag uimhir 1 ar ''Billboard Modern Rock'' agus ag uimhir 51 ar ''Billboard Hot 100''. Chuir siad ceathrú singil, ''[[This is Such a Pity]]'', fosta.
D'úsáid an banna uirlisí breise ar an turas ''Make Belive'', mar shampla [[pianó]] agus [[sintéiseoir]]. Fuair siad giotáraí eile, darb ainm Bobby Schneck, fosta. Sheinn Weezer in [[Éirinn]] don chéad uair ar 6 Iúil 2005 in [[Sráid an Bhiocáire]] agus sheinn siad i m[[Baile Átha Cliath]] arís i mí Lúnasa 2005.
=== An "t-Albam Dearg" (2006-08)===
Tar éis ''Make Believe'', bhí sos ag an bhanna. D'fhill Cuomo go Harvard agus fuair sé céim i 2006. Ar 18 Meitheamh 2006, phós Cuomo Kyoko Ito. D'fhreastail na baill den bhanna reatha an pósadh agus, fosta, Matt Sharp agus Jason Cropper. I rith an sosa seo, bhí Bell agus Wilson sa scannán ''[[Factory Girl]]'' agus thug siad amhrán don fhuaimrian (leagan d'amhrán de chuid ''[[The Velvet Underground|Velvet Underground]]'', darb ainm ''Heroin''). Thosaigh Bell tionscadal nua: ''[[The Relationship]]''.
Cuireadh ''[[Weezer (albam dearg)|Weezer]]'', nó An t-Albam Dearg, amach in mí an Mheithimh 2006. Tháirg Rick Rubin an t-albam le Weezer agus mheasc [[Rich Costey]] é. Tháirg [[Jacknife Lee]] dhá amhrán ar an albam fosta. Bhí an t-albam ag uimhir 4 ar ''Billboard 200'' agus fuair sé léirmheasanna dearfacha.
Bhain an chéad shingil ón albam, ''[[Pork and Beans]]'' barr ''Billboard Modern Rock Tracks'' amach agus bhí sé ag uimhir 64 ar '' Billboard Hot 100''. Fosta,
bhuaigh a fhíseán [[Grammy]] do '' Best Short Form Music Video''. Chuir siad trí shingil eile ón albam: ''[[Trouble Maker]]'', ''[[Dreamin']]'' agus ''[[The Greatest Man That Ever Lived (Variations on a Shaker Hymn)]]''.
Sheinn siad cúig dháta sa [[an tSeapáin|tSeapáin]] ag tús mhí Mheán Fómhair. Chuaigh siad ar an turas ''Troublemaker'' ansin agus sheinn siad aon sheó is fiche i [[Meiriceá]] agus [[Ceanada]].
=== ''Raditude'' agus ''Hurley'' (2009–13) ===
In 2009, chuaigh siad ar camchuairt le [[Blink-182]]. Sheinn [[Josh Freese]] na drumaí go sealadach ar an turas mar d'athraigh Patrick Wilson go giotár. Dúirt Wilson gurbh fhearr le Cuomo gníomhach a bheith ar stáitse agus chuir an giotár as do a ghluaiseacht.
Ar 18 Lúnasa 2009, chuir siad an chéad shingil amach ón albam nua, ''"(If You're Wondering If I Want You To) I want you to"''. Bhí sé ag uimhir 81 ar ''Billboard Hot 100''. ''Raditude'' an t-ainm atá ar an albam, mhol an t-aisteoir [[Rainn Wilson]] an t-ainm. Cuireadh an t-albam amach ar 3 Samhain 2009 agus bhí sé ag uimhir 7 ar ''Billboard 200''. Sceidealaigh turas do mhí na Nollag 2009. Ar 6 Nollaig 2009, bhí Cuomo gortaithe mar thuairteáil a bhus camchuairte. Bhí trí [[easna]] bhriste agus fuiliú inmheánach aige, agus bhí dhá easna bhriste ag a chúntóir fosta. Bhí a bhean cheile, a leanbh agus an buime ar an bhus fosta, ach ní raibh siad gortaithe. Bhí an turas curtha siar ach thosaigh sé aris ar 20 Eanáir 2010.
Ní raibh Weezer le Geffin Records níos mó. Shínigh siad le lipéad neamhspleách ''[[Epitaph Records]]''. Cuireadh an t-albam ''[[Hurley (albam Weezer)|Hurley]]'' amach i mí Mheán Fómhair 2010 trí ''Epitaph''. Bhí an chéad shingil ón albam, ''[[Memories]]'' ar an fhuaimrian don scannán ''[[Jackass 3D]]'' fosta. I mí na Samhna 2010, chuir siad albam díolama amach, darb ainm ''[[Death to False Metal]]''. Fosta, thug siad amhráin do na scannáin ''[[Cars 2]] agus ''[[Shrek Forever After]]''
Ar 8 Deireadh Fómhair 2011, fuair iar-dhordghiotáraí Mickey Welsh bás mar ródháileog amhrasta i g[[Chicago, Illinois]]. Sheinn Weezer i gChicago an oíche dár gcionn go díreach agus thug siad ómós dó.
=== ''Everything Will Be Alright in the End'' agus An "tAlbam Bán" (2013-16) ===
Thosaigh an banna ag taifeadadh le Ric Ocasek, an léiritheoir ar an Albam Gorm agus an tAlbam Glas. Cuireadh ''[[Everything Will Be Alright in the End]]'' amach ar 7 Deireadh Fómhair 2014. Fuair an t-albam léirmheasanna fabhracha de ghnáth.
Ar 26 Deireadh Fómhair 2015, Chuir an banna singil nua, ''"[[Thank God for Girls]]"'', amach trí ''[[Apple Music]]''. Seachtain ina dhiaidh sin, chuir an banna dara shingil, "''[[Do you wanna get high?]]"'', amach. Ar 14 Eanáir 2016, chuir siad singil eile, ''"[[King of the World]]"'', amach agus d'fhógair siad an [[Weezer (albam bán)|tAlbam Bán]]. Cuireadh ''[[Weezer (albam bán)|Weezer]]'' amach ar 1 Aibreán 2016 agus bhí sé ag uimhir 4 ar ''Billboard 200''
Fuair an t-albam ainmniúchán [[Grammy]] sa chatagóir ''Best Rock Album''. Fosta, shínigh an banna le [[Atlantic Records]].
=== ''Pacific Daydream'' (2017–18)===
Ar 16 Márta 2017, chuir siad amhrán nua ''[[Feels Like Summer]]'' amach, an chéad shingil ón albam nua. Fuair sé freagairt éagsúil ón leantóirí ach bhí an-rath ar an amhrán sa raidió ailtéarnach (bhí sé ag uimhir 2 ar ''Alternative Airplay chart''). D'fhógair Weezer ''[[Pacific Daydream]]'' ar 16 Lúnasa agus chuir sé an albam amach ar 27 Deireadh Fómhair. Ar 17 Lúnasa, chuir siad singil bolscaireachta, ''[[Mexican Fender]]'' amach. Chuir siad ''Beach Boys'' amach an mí dár gcionn agus chuir siad ''Weekend Woman'' amach an mí ina dhiaidh sin. Ba é ''[[Happy Hour (amhrán Weezer)|Happy Hour]]'' an dara singil ón albam agus bhí sé ag uimhir 9 ar ''Alternative Airplay chart''. Fuair an t-albam ainmniúchán [[Grammy]] sa chatagóir ''Best Rock Album''.
== Albaim ==
*''Weezer (albam gorm)'' (1994)
*''Pinkerton'' (1996)
*''Weezer (albam glas)'' (2001)
*''Maladroit'' (2002)
*''Make Believe'' (2005)
*''Weezer (albam dearg)'' (2008)
*''Raditude'' (2009)
*''Hurley'' (2010)
*''Everything Will Be Alright in the End'' (2014)
*''Weezer (albam bán)'' (2016)
*''Pacific Daydream'' (2017)
*''Weezer (albam téal)'' (2019)
*''Weezer (albam dubh)'' (2019)
*''OK Human'' (2021)
*''Van Weezer'' (2021)
*''SZNZ: Spring'' (2022)
== Tagairtí ==
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Catagóir:Ceapadóirí Éireannacha
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[[Catagóir:Aireagóirí de réir náisiúntachta|Eir]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Éireannacha de réir slí bheatha|Air]]
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Séadna
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/* An tÚdar */Chorcaí
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
{{glanadh-mar|gramadach, go leor fadhbanna}}
[[Íomhá:Peadar Ua Laoghaire.png|mion | Peadar Ua Laoghaire ]]
Is úrscéal é ''Séadna''<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Peadar Ua Laoghaire|date=1904|url=|title=Séadna|journal=|volume=|issue=Cois Life}}</ref> a scríobh [[Peadar Ua Laoghaire]] sa bhliain [[1891]]. Is é Séadna an saothar is cáiliúla aige. Bhí sé i gceist aige ábhar léitheoireachta a chur ar fáil d'fhoghlaimeoirí na Gaeilge. Cuireadh i láthair é mar scéal cois tine do thriúr cailíní. Ba é Séadna an chéad phríomhshaothar litríochta de chuid [[Athbheochan na Gaeilge|na hathbheochana Gaelaí]]. Foilsíodh é de réir a chéile in Irisleabhar na Gaedhilge ón mbliain [[1894]] amach, agus foilsíodh é i bhfoirm leabhair é sa bhliain 1904. Baineann an scéal leis an margadh a rinne Séadna, gréasaí, leis an bhFear Dubh. Tagann an scéal ó na scéalta a chuala an t-údar ina óige agus tá sé cosúil leis an bhfinscéal Gearmánach, [[Faust]]. Gaeilge Iarthar Chorcaí atá sa scéal. Deirtear uaireanta gurbh é Séadna an chéad úrscéal sa Ghaeilge ach táthar ann a chuireann ina choinne sin á rá go bhfuil an oiread sin gnéithe den bhéaloideas ann le go n-áireofaí mar úrscéal é.
== An tÚdar ==
Scríobh Peadar Ua Laoghaire an leabhar ''Séadna''. Ba scríbhneoir agus sagart caitliceach é. Aithnítear é mar bhunaitheoir na litríochta nua-aimseartha i nGaeilge<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Peadar Ua Laoghaire|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peadar_Ua_Laoghaire&oldid=845707404|journal=Wikipedia|date=2018-06-13|language=en}}</ref>. Rugadh é i Lios Carragáin, Contae Chorcaí<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Liscarrigane,+Co.+Cork/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x4844e1aa2eceb479:0x571cba039eb7215f?ved=2ahUKEwiDvNqstdXgAhUSVBUIHd1jBvUQ8gEwAHoECAAQAQ&hl=en|teideal=Liscarrigane|language=en|work=Liscarrigane|dátarochtana=2019-02-24}}</ref> ar an 30ú lá de Aibreán 1839. Uí Laoghaire ó Lios Carragáin a thugtaí ar a mhuintir<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=210|teideal=Ó LAOGHAIRE, Peadar (1839–1920)|language=ga|work=ainm.ie|dátarochtana=2019-02-24}}</ref>. Fuair sé bás ar 21ú lá de Márta 1920 nuair a bhí sé ochtó bliain d'aois. Tógadh é le Gaeilge na Mumhan i nGaeltacht Mhuscraí. D'fhreastail sé ar Choláiste Phádraig i [[Máigh Nuad]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://maynoothcollege.ie/|teideal=Home|údar=ICAN|dáta=2019-02-24|language=en|work=St Patrick’s College, Maynooth|dátarochtana=2019-02-25}}</ref>. Oirníodh ina shagart é sa bhliain 1867. Bhí sé ina shagart paróiste i g[[Caisleáin Ó Liatháin]] sa bhliain 1891 agus ba ann a scríobh sé 'Séadna'. Chomh maith leis sin scríobh sé dírbheathaisnéis darbh ainm 'Mo sgéal féin' sa bhliain 1915. Ina theannta sin, d'aistrigh sé roinnt scéalta ó litríocht Ghaeilge na Meánaoise go Gaeilge Nua-Aimseartha mar shampla ''Eisirt,'' a foilsíodh sa bhliain 1909 agus ''An Cleasaí,'' 1913 agus d'aistrigh sé scéal [[Don Quixote]] go Gaeilge freisin. Aithnítear é as an tacaíocht a thug sé do ''chaint na daoine'' seachas iarracht le cineálacha Gaeilge níos sine a athbheochan, mar a bhí á mholadh ag daoine eile.
==Samplaí dá chuid saothar<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.ricorso.net/rx/az-data/index.htm|teideal=Ricorso: Digital materials for the study and appreciation of Anglo-Irish Literature|work=www.ricorso.net|dátarochtana=2019-02-25}}</ref>==
** Ar nDóithin Araon, 1894
** Mion-chaint: leabhar frása éasca Gaeilge, arna thiomsú do Chonradh na Gaeilge, 1899
** Eólas ar áireamh, táblaí uimhríochta i nGaeilge, 1902
** An Soísgéal as Leabar an aifrinn, 1902
** Sgothbhualadh, sraith altanna i nGaeilge atá ar athchló ó "Leader", 1904
** Séadna, 1904
** An Bealach Buidhe, an drámaí, 1906
** Tóruigheacht Dhiarmuda agus Ghráinne, 1906
** Niamh 1907
** Eisirt, 1909
** An sprid: Bas Dalláin: Tadhg Saor, trí drámaí gearr, 1911
** An Cleasaidhe, 1913
** Mo Sgéal Féin, 1915
== Carachtar Séadna ==
Is é Séadna príomhcharachtar an scéil agus is carachtar suimiúil é. Bhí ionadh ar gach duine air agus bhí siad ag smaoineamh air an t-am ar fad. Choinnigh sé leis féin agus nach mbeadh a fhios ag gach duine faoi. Is gréasaí é agus rinne sé bróga nua. Tríd an scéal feicimid gur duine cineálta é agus chabhraigh sé leis na daoine bochta. Deir daoine gur amadán é mar aontaíonn sé leis an déileáil leis an bhFear Dubh agus níor smaoinigh sé faoi dhó chun airgead a fháil. Bhí ionadh ar gach duine mar níl a fhios acu cén chaoi a raibh a lán airgid ag Séadna, agus ní oibríonn sé ach mar ghréasaí. Níor chreid siad an scéal. Is fear mistéireach é Séadna i súil an phobail mar ní raibh a fhios acu faoina shaol nó faoi na rudaí a rinne sé. Mar shampla, tá a lán airgid aige agus theastaigh uaidh capall nó bó a cheannach agus bhí gach duine ag smaoineamh faoi seo ach ní insíonn sé d'aon duine. Nuair a bhí sé an-tinn, níor chreid aon duine nach bhfuair sé bás. Níor chreid aon duine cé chomh tapa agus a ghnóthaigh sé cé gur chóir go bhfuair sé bás. Is mistéireach é an chaoi ar tháinig biseach air chomh tapaidh agus is léir go raibh duine mistéireach é i súil an phobail.
== Achoimre<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.scoilgaeilge.org/lessons/seadna/seadna.htm|teideal=Séadna|work=www.scoilgaeilge.org|dátarochtana=2019-02-25}}</ref> ==
Ar dtús bhuailimid le triúr cailíní, Gobnait, Peig agus Cáit. Thosaigh cailín amháin, Peig ag insint an scéal faoi Séadna, an caibléir. Rith Séadna amach as na rudaí is gá dó chun bróga a dhéanamh agus chuaigh sé amach chun rudaí a cheannaigh. Ar an slí bhuail sé le triúr duine agus bhí siad ag táille air don déirc. Thug sé déirc do na daoine, ag tabhairt deireadh a airgead. Is aingeal í an triúir duine agus chun buíochas a gabháil leis, thug sí trí mianta dó. Úsáideann sé iad go ghile. Nuair a thug sé faoi deara cad a tharla, tháinig an Fear Dubh. Insíonn an Fear Dubh go tabharfaidh a lán airgid do Séadna más chuaigh Séadna leis i dtrí bliana déag agus aontaíonn Séadna leis. Thosaigh na comharsana ag smaoineamh faoi Séadna agus an airgead a bhí sé ag cheannaigh gach rud mar shampla, capaill nó mbó. Níorbh fhada gur bhuail Séadna leis an bhfear mistéireach agus fuair sé amach go raibh a airgead ar iarraidh. Ní raibh sé ró-trína chéile, theastaigh uaidh go téann rudaí ar ais do na ghnáth. Tá Séadna an-chabhrach do dhaoine ach duine amháin nár maith leat. Thug Séadna airgead go luath don duine a oibríonn air mar chuala sé go bhfuil siad a dhíshealbhú ón a theach. Thosaigh ráfla faoi Séadna agus é a phósadh. Bhí fearg ar Séadna mar nár theastaigh sé a phósadh. Níor filleadh sé ar ais ar a teach agus d'fhan Micil ann mar tá imní air. Níorbh fhada gur fhill Séadna ar ais. Nuair a chuaigh Micil abhaile ní raibh a mháthair ann. Cheap sé go raibh sí ag iarraidh pósadh a shocrú idir Sadhbh agus Séadna. Ach nuair a thosaigh siad ag caint cheap siad go raibh Máire Ghearra an cailín do Shéadna. Bhí Máire Ghearrra i ngrá le Séadna. Déanann Micil iarracht bainise a shocrú idir Séadna agus Máire. Ach níor theastaigh Séadna Máire a phósadh agus d'inis sé an cúis léi, ar son an tSlánaitheoira. Chuaigh Séadna go dtí suas an cnoc a bheith ina n-aonar ach tháinig an mná agus níl aon bróga aici. Thug sí bronntanas dó agus imíonn sí. Chuir Séadna an chloch ar a mhuinéail. Cúpla lá tar éis sin tá cóir sráide ar siúl. Tháinig Sadhbh go dtí an cóir leis an fear uasal. Agus seo é an fear nach theastaigh Séadna airgead a thabhairt dó. Tá fhios ag Séadna go raibh an 'duine uasal', i ndáiríre, an duine camach. Dúirt Diarmaid gur tháinig an duine uasal leis a fhir chun capaill a cheannaigh. Ach rith sé amach as airgead agus fuair sé airgead a fháil ó Sadhbh agus Diarmaid. Nuair a chuaigh Sadhbh agus Diarmaid ar ais go dtí a theacht imíonn fhir na duine uasal. Thug na fhir airgead do Séadna do bróga agus bhí fhios ag Séadna go raibh an airgead bréagach. Bhí an fear ag dul amach os comhair den bpobal mar tincéir. Gabhadh iad agus maróidh trí camach agus fuair cúpla síogaí amach. Theastaigh na camach an locht ar chur ar Séadna. Geallfaidh Séadna freastal ar an rí tar éis beagán níos mó ná bliain - an t-aon uair a d'fhág sé! Níorbh fhada go raibh lá amháin fágtha le Séadna agus íocann sé a chuid oibrithe go luath.Tháinig an Fear Dubh chun Séadna a thógáil leis. Insíonn Séadna dó suí sa chathaoir agus tá sé gafa. Ní rachaidh an t-am in éag chomh fada agus a bheidh sé i bhfostú ann. Deir gach rud a deir an Diabhal mar gheall ar dhrochdhíobháil, feiceann Séadna go maith an taobh eile é agus faigheann sé an lámh uachtarach. Tar éis tamaill mhothaigh Séadna tinn agus thit sé in a coladh. Nuair a dhúisigh sé, faigheann sé amach go raibh sé ina coladh ar feadh mí amháin. Shíl sé go raibh sé fós ar an gcnoc leis an mbean cosnochta. Tá sé ach craiceann agus cnámha. Níor labhair Séadna an t-am ar fad. Bhí ionadh ag gach duine mar cheap siad nach mbeadh sé mbeo.
== Cineál scéal ==
Is ceann bhunchlocha próis na Nua Gaeilge é ''Séadna''. Is scéal faoi an ghréasaí bróg a dheineann margadh leis an bhFear Dubh. Sa leagan seo nochtaítear léargais bhreise ó bhronn ar líonra carachtar, ar chomhluadar tuaithe agus a meon saolta, ar an anamúlacht agus ar an gcroíúlacht úd i measc mhuintir na hÉireann a bhíonn ceilte i dtráchtais staire agus liteartha. Is scéal béaloideas<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folklore|teideal=Folklore|údar=|dáta=|dátarochtana=25-02-19}}</ref> é agus úsáidtear an charachtar Séadna chun saothar a dtugaimid clasaic air agus soláthraíonn sé slat tomhais dúinn chun gnéithe den saol reatha a mheas faoi scáth na gclaochluithe atá tarlaithe idir an dá linn, de thoradh an tsaothair sin féin go minic. Théann scéalta béaloideas síos trí na ghlúin, ag rá go príomha. I measc cineálacha difriúla faisnéise tá scéalta síoga (nó seanchríocha), scéalta ard, miotais agus finscéalta. Is léir go raibh Séadna scéalta miotais agus scéalta cleas. Léirigh dúinn faoi miotais agus na cleais tríd an charachtar Séadna agus tríd an déileáil ón Fear Dubh. Is soiléir go raibh scéal béaloideas é mar tríd an leabhar bhí cailín amháin, Peig, ag insint an scéal a chuala sí riabh, do Beirt cailíní, Gobnait agus Cáit. Tríd an scéal bhí na cailíní ag aint faoi rudaí eile mar shampla thosaigh Cáit ag caint faoi a deirfiúr agus a linbh nua. Bhí siad ag caint faoi airgead greannmhar freisin agus saincheisteanna morálta. Is mar an aidhm den slí seo chun a thaispeáint gur béaloideas Éireannach.
== Téama don scéal ==
Tríd an scéal feicimid téama d’amadán, téama do mhistéireach, téama do ghrá agus téama do dhraíocht. Is léir go raibh cúpla téama difriúil ag an scéal béaloideas seo. Ar dtús bhuaileamar leis an príomhcharachtar agus é ag tabhairt airgead don aingeal agus thug sí trí mianta dó. Feicimid téama mistéireacht agus draoícht anseo. Feicimid téamaí mistéireach agus draíocht arís nuair a bhuail Séadna leis an mná ar an gcnoc. Níl aon bróga a caitheamh léi agus dealraíonn sí as áit ar bith. Thug sí bronntanas dó agus go tobann imíonn sí as a amharc. Is téama do amadán an soiléir sa scéal Séadna. Is amadán é Séadna nuair a bhuail sé leis an bhFear Dubh agus aontaíonn sé leis an déileáil chun dul leis tar éis 13 bliana agus thug an Fear Dubh a lán airgid greannmhar dó. Tá an Fear Dubh ag magadh Séadna ach níl a fhios aige. Más cheannaigh Séadna rudaí leis an airgead a tabhairt an Fear Dubh dó, bheadh sé ag teacht agus thógáil sé go díreach. Tá téama grá agus mí-ghrá i láthair sa scéal. Cheap daoine go raibh Séadna ag pósadh duine, Sadhbh nó Máire Ghearra ach níor theastaigh Séadna aon duine a pósadh agus dúirt sé bheadh sé níos fearr an bás is measa a mharú ná mar a phós mé. Feicimid grá ag deireadh an scéal nuair a phósadh Cormac agus Sadhbh. Ní raibh aon duine ag súil leis sin. Is léir a rá go raibh na téamaí seo láthair sa scéal Séadna. Gan dabht tá téamaí mistéireacht agus draíocht na téamaí níos coitianta.
== Tagairtí ==
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Is gníomhaí [[timpeallacht]]<nowiki/>a [[Sualannaigh|Sualannach]] í '''Greta Thunberg''', a rugadh ar an [[3 Eanáir]] [[2004]] i [[Stócólm]] na [[an tSualainn|Sualainne]]. Bhunaigh sí gluaiseacht idirnáisiúnta ar son na timpeallachta agus gan í ach 15 d’aois. Ó aois óg, chuir drochstaid na haeráide as go mór di agus thosaigh sí ag agóidíocht taobh amuigh de Pharlaimint na Sualainne.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.cogg.ie/wp-content/uploads/L%C3%A1mhleabhar-na-nDalta%C3%AD_leagan-deiridh_su%C3%ADomh.pdf|teideal=Gaeilge na Sraithe Sóisearaí|údar=cogg.ie|dáta=2019|dátarochtana=2020}}</ref>
Ní raibh Greta Thunberg ach sé bliana déag d’aois, sa bhliain 2018, ach bhí daltaí scoile ar fud an [[Domhan|domhain]] spreagtha chun agóide aici, daltaí na h[[Éire|Éireann]] ina measc.
Ó shin i leith, tá sí ina gníomhaí ar son na timpeallachta agus tá cáil bainte amach aici. [[Íomhá:Greta Thunberg 02 cropped.jpg|clé|mion|206x206px|Lúnasa 2018]]
[[Íomhá:Greta Thunberg 4.jpg|clé|mion|230x230px|Lúnasa 2018 i [[Stócólm]] na [[an tSualainn|Sualainne]].]]
[[Íomhá:Greta Thunberg au parlement européen (33744056508), recadré.png|clé|209x209px|thumb|Greta Thunberg (2019)]]
== Saol ==
Is i [[Stócólm]] na [[An tSualainn|Sualainne]] a rugadh Thunberg sa bhliain 2003. Is [[amhránaí]] cáiliúil [[Ceoldráma|ceoldrámaíocht]]<nowiki/>a a máthair, Malena Enman, agus is [[aisteoir]] a hathair, Olof Thunberg.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/give-us-a-future-a-deir-greta-thunberg-agus-ta-an-ceart-ar-fad-aici/|teideal=‘Give us a future’ a deir Greta Thunberg agus tá an ceart ar fad aici|údar=Cathal Mac Coille|dáta=2019|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2020-12-11}}</ref>
Uaireanta fanann Thunberg ina tost má cheapann sí nach fiú labhairt.
Bhí Greta Thunberg ina haonar nuair a chuaigh sí i mbun agóide an chéad uair sa bhliain 2018. Shuigh sí síos taobh amuigh de [[Parlaimint|pharlaimint]] na Sualainne agus [[póstaer]] a rinne sí féin lena hais ar a raibh scríofa aici ''skolstrejk för klimatet'' nó "[[stailc]] [[scoil]]<nowiki/>e don [[aeráid]]".
[[Íomhá:Greta Thunberg - No one is too small to make a difference.jpg|clé|mion|257x257px|Leabhar le Greta Thunberg]]
Ní raibh sí ina haonar ar feadh i bhfad. Laistigh de chúpla mí, bhí daltaí [[Meánscoil|meánscoile]] ar fud na Sualainne agus ar fud na h[[An Eoraip|Eorpa]] ag dul ar stailc ó ranganna go rialta agus ag reáchtáil mórchruinnithe agóide chun aird a tharraingt ar an dainséar [[Comhshaol|comhshaoil]] atá ag bagairt ar chách, agus orthusan go háirithe.
Ar 11 Nollaig 2019, d’fhógair an iris ''Time'' gurb í Greta Thunberg ‘Pearsa na Bliana’ 2019 na hirise.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://time.com/person-of-the-year-2019-greta-thunberg/|teideal=Greta Thunberg Is TIME’s 2019 Person of the Year|language=en|work=Time|dátarochtana=2019-12-28}}</ref>
Bhí [[An Béarla|Béarla]] ar a thoil aici agus in aois 16 bliain di.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.edp24.co.uk/lifestyle/greta-thunberg-role-model-rachel-moore-opinion-1394526|teideal=Our kids need to be more like Greta Thunberg – and I’m not talking about climate change|údar=Rachel Moore|dáta=2019-05-15|language=en-UK|work=Eastern Daily Press|dátarochtana=2020-12-11|archivedate=2021-11-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130130317/https://www.edp24.co.uk/lifestyle/greta-thunberg-role-model-rachel-moore-opinion-1394526}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/languagelearning/comments/d60qxi/amazed_by_greta_thunbergs_english/|teideal=r/languagelearning - Amazed by Greta Thunberg's English|language=en-US|work=reddit|dátarochtana=2020-12-11}}</ref>
[[Íomhá:The Greta Thunberg story.webm|clé|mion|177x177px|Físeán bolscaireachtaː Greta, a scéal, 30 M.F.2019]]
=== Siondróm Asperger ===
Bhí Thunberg aon bhliain déag nuair a léirigh trialacha go raibh [[Siondróm Asperger]] agus [[Neamhord pearsantachta|neamhord]] éigníoch dúghafach<ref>obsessive compulsive disorder</ref> uirthi.
Is é an tionchar a bhíonn ag siondróm Asperger uirthi, mar a mhíníonn sí ina leabhar (2019), go mbreathnaíonn sí ar gach ceist mar cheist atá [[dubh]] nó [[bán]]. Deir sí nach dtuigeann sí an fáth nach n-athraíonn an ghlúin reatha a nósanna maireachtála agus [[Truailliú|truaillithe]], cé nach séanann a bhformhór comhairle na saineolaithe. Más gá ár n-aschur carbóin a laghdú gan mhoill agus a stopadh, ba chóir é a dhéanamh. Níl ciall le séanadh na fírinne.<ref name=":0" />
[[Íomhá:School Strikers- Dear adults, use your power.webm|clé|mion|177x177px|Físeán: agóidí is bolscaireacht, 15 Márta 2019]]
== Leabhar ==
Tá a cás mínithe go beacht aici ina [[leabhar]], ''No one is too small to make a difference'', a foilsíodh a bhliain 2019.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/315/315787/no-one-is-too-small-to-make-a-difference/9780141992716.html|teideal=No One Is Too Small to Make a Difference|údar=Greta Thunberg|language=en|work=www.penguin.co.uk|dátarochtana=2020-12-11}}</ref> Is éard atá sa leabhar cnuasach óráidí agus aistí ina n-iarrtar ar pholaiteoirí aird a thabhairt ar an nglúin óg agus ar fhianaise na [[Síneolaíocht|saineolaithe]] (agus níl ann ach 64 [[leathanach]]).
[[Íomhá:Greta Thunberg- Our House Is On Fire.webm|clé|mion|177x177px|Físeán í féinː Greta Thunberg ag labhairt - "Our House Is On Fire": 20 M.F. 2019]]
Tugann sí trí rabhadh láidir do [[Polaiteoir|pholaiteoirí]] an domhain:
# Tá géarchéim thubaisteach aeráide ag bagairt ar an b[[Pláinéad|pláinéa]]<nowiki/>d.
# Teastaíonn laghdú mór gan mhoill ar an [[aschur carbóin]].
# Tá an t-aos óg ag brath ar dhaoine fásta chun gníomhú sula mbeidh sé ródhéanach.
Impíonn Greta Thunberg ar pholaiteoirí beartais atá riachtanach, dar le formhór mór na saineolaithe, a chur i bhfeidhm Caithfear [[astaíocht charbóin]] a laghdú go leanúnach agus gan mhoill – ní amach anseo, mar atá beartaithe ag an rialtas, ach in imeacht deich mbliana. [[Íomhá:Greta Thunberg urges MEPs to show climate leadership (49618310631).jpg|clé|mion|177x177px|[[Parlaimint na hEorpa]], 2020]]
Cáineann Thunberg polaiteoirí go géar mar gheall ar a síormhoilleadóireacht, a síor-éalú ón bhfírinne, agus rud ar a dtugann sí ‘síorghadaíocht ón todhchaí’, rud atá ar bun ag polaiteoirí agus daoine fásta i gcoitinne.
Tá ceist chrua agus ábhar machnaimh do gach duine fásta sa leabhar: céard is fiú don aos óg staidéar a dhéanamh ar mhaithe lena dtodhchaí mura bhfuil daoine fásta ag gníomhú dáiríre lena dtarrtháil?[[Íomhá:Greta Thunberg Graffiti 2 (49074863126).jpg|clé|mion|177x177px|Skolstrejk för klimatet), nó Fridays for Future (FFF) <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=School strike for climate|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=School_strike_for_climate&oldid=991664591|journal=Wikipedia|date=2020-12-01|language=en}}</ref> ]]
== Agóidí ==
Tá an t-uafás agóidíochta déanta aici agus óráidí spreagúla tugtha aici faoi thodhchaí ár b[[Pláinéad|pláinéid]] agus an fhreagracht atá ar an bpobal i leith na hoibre sin.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/da-mbeadh-greta-ina-sui-i-gcathaoir-uachtarain-bheadh-i-bhfad-nios-mo-muinine-agam-grainne-bleasdale/|teideal=‘Dá mbeadh Greta ina suí i gcathaoir uachtaráin, bheadh i bhfad níos mó muiníne agam’ – Gráinne Bleasdale|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2019-12-28}}</ref>
Sa bhliain 2019, cuireadh fáilte mhór roimpi anseo sa Bhruiséil nuair a rinne sí cur i láthair os comhair an Choiste [[Timpeallacht|Timpeallachta]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/gniomhaiochas/comhshaol/reiteach-ar-athru-aeraide-an-bhfuil-eire-ullamh-do/|teideal=Réiteach ar athrú aeráide – an bhfuil Éire ullamh dó?|údar=Eoin Ó Catháin|dáta=2020|language=ga|work=NÓS|dátarochtana=2020-12-11}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJAcuQEVxTY|teideal=Greta Thunberg full speech at the EU Parliament in Strasbourg|údar=Parlaimint na hEorpa|dáta=Aibreán 2019|dátarochtana=2019}}</ref>
== Thunberg agus Éire ==
Chuaigh páistí timpeall na h[[Éire|Éireann]] ag dul ar stailc ar an [[15 Márta]] [[2019]], agus 60 scoil in Éirinn ar stailc.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.maynoothuniversity.ie/sites/default/files/assets/document/Eleathanach%20314_0.pdf|teideal=Ollscoil Mhá Nuad|údar=Eleathanach|dáta=25 Feabhra 2019|dátarochtana=2020}}</ref> Bhí na páistí ag iarraidh béim a chur ar athrú aeráide. Chuaigh 400 páiste chuig an [[Dáil Éireann|Dáil]] an Chéadaoin chom maith. Bhí póstaeir acu agus theastaigh uathu a rá go bhfuil an timpeallacht tábhachtach.
'''Tionól Aeráide na hÓige, 2019.''' Bhí 157 duine óg páirteach i g[[ceardlann]]<nowiki/>a agus i ndíospóireacht speisialta a reáchtáladh i seomra [[Dáil Éireann|Dháil Éireann]] ar an 15 Samhain 2019. Bhí an [[Ceann Comhairle]] [[Seán Ó Fearghaíl]] sa [[Cathaoir|chathaoir]]. Dúirt sé agus an Tionól á fhógairt aige go raibh sé á reáchtáil d’fhonn deis a tabhairt do dhaoine óga tuairimí a nochtadh faoin ngéarchéim aeráide agus beartais a mholadh chun cur ina coinne in Éirinn.
== Conspóidí ==
Bíonn fothoradh contúirteach uaireanta ag baint leis an stádas [[réalta]] a bhronn na [[Meáin chumarsáide|meáin]] ar Greta Thunberg.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/olc-is-maith-ag-baint-le-greta-thunberg-a-bheith-i-lar-an-aonaigh-i-gconai/|teideal=Olc is maith ag baint le Greta Thunberg a bheith i lár an aonaigh i gcónaí|údar=Alex Hijmans|dáta=Feabhra 2020|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2020-12-11}}</ref> Déantar dearmad ar ghníomhaithe aeráide eile uaireanta. Mar shampla, in 2019, ghearr an Associated Press an gníomhaí aeráide óg as [[Uganda]], [[Vanessa Nakate]],<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Vanessa Nakate|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vanessa_Nakate&oldid=991561781|journal=Wikipedia|date=2020-11-30|language=en}}</ref> amach as grianghraf,<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/gniomhaiochas/comhshaol/ligimis-do-greta-thunberg-filleadh-ar-scoil/|teideal=Ligimis do Greta Thunberg filleadh ar scoil|údar=An Gael Glas|dáta=|language=ga|work=NÓS|dátarochtana=2020-12-11}}</ref>
== Féach freisin ==
* [[Severn Cullis-Suzuki]]''',''' nó "Greta Thunberg roimh am", gníomhaí [[timpeallacht]]<nowiki/>a as [[Ceanada]] í (a rugadh ar an [[30 Samhain]] [[1979]]). Tháinig sí chun cinn mar ghníomhaí timpeallachta in 1992 agus í 12 bliain d'aois.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Girl Who Silenced the World for 5 Minutes! English Subs|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdK0uYjy85o|language=en|author=Severn Cullis-Suzuki (12 ag an am)|date=1992}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Severn Cullis-Suzuki: The 12-year-old who tried to save the world {{!}} BBC Ideas|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DAyXeXVFSbw|language=en|author=BBC|date=2019}}</ref> Ansin rinneadh dearmad uirthi.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://developmenteducation.ie/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/GAP-IRISH-Global-Citizenship-as-Gaeilge.pdf|teideal=SRAITH STRAITÉISÍ DO MHÚINTEOIRÍ - GNÍOMHAÍOCHT AR MHAITHE LEIS AN tSAORÁNACHT DHOMHANDA|údar=/developmenteducation.ie|dátarochtana=2023}}</ref>
* [[Athrú aeráide]]
* [[Luamh daonchabhrach an Madleen]], Gaza 2025
== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [https://tuairisc.ie/ceapaim-gur-iontach-an-bhean-i-greta-thunberg-a-duirt-an-piolota/ "‘Ceapaim gur iontach an bhean í Greta Thunberg’] a dúirt an píolóta' (Tuairisc, 2019)<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ceapaim-gur-iontach-an-bhean-i-greta-thunberg-a-duirt-an-piolota/|teideal=‘Ceapaim gur iontach an bhean í Greta Thunberg,’ a dúirt an píolóta|údar=Alex Hijmans|dáta=Feabhra 2019|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2020-12-11}}</ref>
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/pdfs/news/expert/2020/3/story/20200227STO73520/20200227STO73520_ga.pdf Greta Thunberg sa Pharlaimint sa Bhruiséil an 4 Márta 2020]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/pdfs/news/expert/2020/3/story/20200227STO73520/20200227STO73520_ga.pdf|teideal=Greta sa Bhruiséil|údar=europarl.europa.eu|dáta=2020|dátarochtana=}}</ref>
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Thunberg, Greta}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh in 2003]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]
[[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí Sualannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Gníomhaithe timpeallachta]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine le siondróm Asperger]]
[[Catagóir:Greta Thunberg]]
hmxe0t1v0ugzqozg03p28e0rk1645jb
Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh
2
90902
1269300
1269193
2025-06-09T20:02:26Z
Marcas.oduinn
33120
/* Lebor Bretnach */
1269300
wikitext
text/x-wiki
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
== Litríocht ==
# [[Murúch]]-
# [[Tongu do dia toinges mo thúath]]-
# [[Remscéla]]=[[Réamhscéalta]]
# [[Bernhard Maier]]
# ''[[:en:Foraire Uladh ar Aodh|Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]'' - [[Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]
# ''[[:en:Lebor Bretnach|Lebor Bretnach]]'' - [[Lebor Bretnach]]
# ''[[:en:Dominican Annals of Roscommon|Dominican Annals of Roscommon]]'' - [[Annála Doiminiceacha Ros Comáin]]
# ''[[:en:Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh|Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]'' - [[Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]
# ''[[:en:Ranna an aeir|Ranna an aeir]]'' - [[Ranna an aeir]]
# ''[[:en:Irish Astronomical Tract|Irish Astronomical Tract]]'' - [[]]
== Lebor Bretnach ==
{{tl|teideal iodálach}}
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
'''''Lebor Bretnach''''', [[Irish orthography]] '''''Leabhar Breathnach''''' and sometimes known as the '''Irish Nennius''', is an 11th-century historical work in [[teangacha Gaelacha]], largely consisting of a translation of the ''[[Historia Brittonum]]''. It may have originated in Scotland, although it has traditionally been attributed to the Irish poet [[Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde|Gilla Cóemáin]].
== Lámhscríbhinní
''Lebor Bretnach'' exists in five manuscripts:
* '''U'''. Baile Átha Cliath, [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]], MS 23 E 25 (1229). A 12th-century fragment in the ''[[Lebor na hUidre|Leabhar na hUidhre]]''.
* '''B'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 12 (536). A 14th-century manuscript known as the ''[[Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta]]''.
* '''H'''. BÁC, [[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|Coláiste na Tríonóide]], MS H. 3. 17. Probably written in the 14th or early 15th century.
* '''M'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS Stowe D ii 1. Known as the ''[[Leabhar Ua Maine|Leabhar Uí Mhaine]]'', written before 1423.
* '''L'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 2 (535) agus BÁC, CnaT, MS H. 2. 17, Iml. 2 (1319). Known as the ''[[Leabhar Mór Leacáin]]'', written c. 1417.{{sfn|Todd|1848|p=viii}}
== Ábhair
''Lebor Bretnach'' is a translation of a 9th-century historical collection purportedly written by Nennius, the ''Historia Brittonum'', but not an entirely literal one. It only summarises the ''Historia Brittonum'' where that work deals with specifically Gaelic matters already familiar to scholars in Ireland and Scotland, and in some other passages it includes additional material taken from, for example, the ''[[Sex Aetates Mundi|Sex Aetates Mundi]]'', [[Bede]]'s ''[[Ecclesiastical History of the English People|Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum]]'', and a [[na Cruithnigh|Pictish]] king-list.{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=13}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}}
==Authorship agus dáta
In two manuscripts of ''Lebor Bretnach'', '''H''' and '''M''', the translation is ascribed to the poet Gilla Cóemáin (fl. 1071/2).{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} This ascription is now in doubt,{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}} and the historian [[Thomas Owen Clancy]] has suggested that ''Lebor Bretnach'' was instead only intended to be dedicated to Gilla Cóemáin.{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} Traditionally there had been an assumption that the translation had been an Irish work, but Clancy has argued for a Scottish provenance, suggesting an origin at [[Abernethy, Perth and Kinross|Abernethy]], though probably intended for an Irish readership that had perhaps become interested in Scottish literature and history as a result of the military success and prestige of the [[Kingdom of Alba]].{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=700}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clancy |first1=Thomas Owen |year=2000 |chapter=Scotland, the "Nennian" recension of the ''Historia Brittonum'', and the ''Lebor Bretnach'' |editor1-last=Taylor |editor1-first=Simon |title=Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland 500–1297: Essays in Honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the Occasion of her Ninetieth Birthday |location=Dublin |publisher=Four Courts Press |pages=87–107 |isbn=1851825169 }}</ref> It is generally agreed that ''Lebor Bretnach'' dates to the mid or late 11th century.{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=11}}{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}
== Eagráin
* {{cite book
|year=1848
|editor1-last=Todd
|editor1-first=James Henthorn
|editor1-link=James Henthorn Todd
|title=Leabhar Breathnach Annso Sis: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Irish Archaeological Society
| url = https://archive.org/details/leabharbreathnac00nennuoft
}}, ar CELT as: [https://celt.ucc.ie//published/G100028/index.html Gaeilge]
* {{cite book
|year=1937
|editor1-last=van Hamel
|editor1-first=A. G.
|editor1-link=A. G. van Hamel
|title=Lebor Bretnach: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum Ascribed to Nennius
|series=Irish Manuscripts Commission, Volume 5
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Oifig an tSoláthair
}}
== Féach freisin
* [[Nennius]] — a Welsh monk of the 9th century
* [[Frankish Table of Nations]] — a Latin source for the genealogies
== Foinsí
* {{citation
|last=Dooley
|first=Ann
|author-link=Ann Dooley
|date=2004
|title=Arthur of the Irish: A viable concept?
|journal=Arthurian Literature |volume=21
|pages=9–28
}}
* {{citation
|last=Evans
|first=Nicholas
|editor-last=Duffy
|editor-first=Sean |encyclopedia=Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
|title=Scottish influence
|year=2005
|publisher=Routledge
|location=Londain
|isbn=0415940524
|pages=699–700
}}
* {{citation
|url=http://www.historiabrittonum.net/?page_id=20
|title=Lebor Bretnach |last1=Fitzpatrick-Matthews |first1=Keith J.
|date=2007–2015
|website=Historia Brittonum
}}
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Litríocht na hÉireann]]
== Foclóireacht ==
# [[Foclóireacht na Gaeilge]]
# [[Leabharlann an Ard Easpaig Marsh]]=[[Leabharlann Marsh]]-
# [[foclóir.ie]]=[[focloir.ie]]
== An Féineachas ==
[[An Féineachas]] (agus/nó b'fhéidir [[Seanchas]] / [[Béaloideas]]).
Spreagtha ag ''[[:en:Wikipedia:Recent_additions/2025/March#8 March 2025|Recent additions, 8 March 2025]]''
''[https://dil.ie/34117 othrus]'' ≈ fulaingt tinnis/othrais.
Teimpléid;
* [[Teimpléad:WD Bosca Sonraí Doiciméad]]
* [[Teimpléad:efn]]
Nuashonraithe (lámhscríbhinní):
# [[Senchas Már]] (SM)
# [[Bechbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Bechbretha agus Coibes Uisci Thairdne|SM #21]])
# [[Bretha Crólige]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #33]])
# [[Críth Gablach]] (MacA)
# [[Gúbretha Caratniad]] ([[Bodleian Library]], [[Rawlinson B 502]])
As nua, iomlán:
# [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici]] (CIH)
# [[Sanas Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]] (MacA)
# [[Cethairṡlicht Athgabálae]] ([[Senchas Már#Cethairslicht Athgabálae|SM #2]])
# [[Sechtae]] ([[Senchas Már#Sechtae|SM #9]])
# [[Recholl Breth]] (SM #13)
# [[Bretha Déin Chécht]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #34]])
# [[Muirbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Clár ábhar|SM #38]])
# [[Anfuigell]] (m.s., CnaT, LS 1387; MacA)
# [[Berrad Airechta]] (CnaT, LS 1337)
# [[Bretha Étgid]] ([[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann|ARÉ]] LS 23 P 3)
# [[Cóic Conara Fugill]] (m.s., [[Uraicecht Becc]], [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Di Astud Chor]] (''via'' [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Mellbretha]] ([[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|CnaT]], LS 1363)
# [[Uí Lochlainn]]
# [[Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]]
# [[CnaT BÁC, LS 1317]], [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath, LS 1317]]
# [[Bóaire]]
# [[Coinmheadh is buannacht]]
# [[Brehon Law Commission]]
# [[Mac Aodhagáin]] → [[Mhic Aodhagáin]]
# [[John Lynch (Gratianus Lucius)]]
# [[Fearghas Ó Ceallaigh]]
# [[Leabharlann COBÁC]]
# [[Cathair Mhic Neachtain]]
# [[Thom McGinty]]
As nua, síolta:
# [[Dlí Ceilteach]]-
# [[Gabháil chine]]-
# [[Cyfraith Hywel]]-
# [[Galanas]]-
# [[Accessus ad auctores]]-
# [[Hapax legomenon]]-
# [[Robert Atkinson]]-
== Dlí luath na hÉireann ==
Fainic: sách fada, mionchúiseach agus as Béarla, mar bharr ar an donas.
The particular "[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/féineachas An] [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20Irish%20law/ Féineachas]" aside, I'm looking at the general phrase "early Irish law".
My dad was a fishmonger and was always careful to say about his produce "smoked Irish salmon" and not "Irish smoked salmon", if you see the difference.
Is it then "early law of ..." or "law of early ..."? Is "Irish" the language (surely not), the culture, the people or the nation, and in what period? Should "early" be translated as luath or moch? If luath, should it be "luath-" or "- luath"?
Given those options, "early Irish law" could be anything from "luathdhlí Gaelach" to "dlí na hÉireann moiche" and points in between. I favour the former.
Similarly, for "Celtic law" I favour "dlí Ceilteach", i.e., the culture not the people (the Celts, ... na gCeilteach).
Notes:
* Moch: cf. [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20modern%20irish/ Nua-Ghaeilge Mhoch] on téarma.ie
* "Irish": Gaelach, na nGael, Éireannach, na hÉireann?
* What about Welsh, English or Roman law?
{{Dlí luath na hÉireann}}
== Téamh domhanda ==
••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir
Ann cheana:
* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming
* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] ''Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy
'Cúis'eanna nua:
# [[Gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas
# [[Astaíocht charbóin]] '' Carbon emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]] '' Greenhouse gas emission due to agriculture
i1dnnoqglwo8ylrgcrphl4xyqm180ku
1269301
1269300
2025-06-09T20:02:58Z
Marcas.oduinn
33120
/* Litríocht */
1269301
wikitext
text/x-wiki
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
== Litríocht ==
# [[Murúch]]-
# [[Tongu do dia toinges mo thúath]]-
# [[Remscéla]]=[[Réamhscéalta]]
# [[Bernhard Maier]]
# ''[[:en:Foraire Uladh ar Aodh|Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]'' - [[Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]
# ''[[:en:Lebor Bretnach|Lebor Bretnach]]'' - [[Lebor Bretnach]]=[[Leabhar Breatnach]]
# ''[[:en:Dominican Annals of Roscommon|Dominican Annals of Roscommon]]'' - [[Annála Doiminiceacha Ros Comáin]]
# ''[[:en:Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh|Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]'' - [[Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]
# ''[[:en:Ranna an aeir|Ranna an aeir]]'' - [[Ranna an aeir]]
# ''[[:en:Irish Astronomical Tract|Irish Astronomical Tract]]'' - [[]]
== Lebor Bretnach ==
{{tl|teideal iodálach}}
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
'''''Lebor Bretnach''''', [[Irish orthography]] '''''Leabhar Breathnach''''' and sometimes known as the '''Irish Nennius''', is an 11th-century historical work in [[teangacha Gaelacha]], largely consisting of a translation of the ''[[Historia Brittonum]]''. It may have originated in Scotland, although it has traditionally been attributed to the Irish poet [[Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde|Gilla Cóemáin]].
== Lámhscríbhinní
''Lebor Bretnach'' exists in five manuscripts:
* '''U'''. Baile Átha Cliath, [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]], MS 23 E 25 (1229). A 12th-century fragment in the ''[[Lebor na hUidre|Leabhar na hUidhre]]''.
* '''B'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 12 (536). A 14th-century manuscript known as the ''[[Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta]]''.
* '''H'''. BÁC, [[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|Coláiste na Tríonóide]], MS H. 3. 17. Probably written in the 14th or early 15th century.
* '''M'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS Stowe D ii 1. Known as the ''[[Leabhar Ua Maine|Leabhar Uí Mhaine]]'', written before 1423.
* '''L'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 2 (535) agus BÁC, CnaT, MS H. 2. 17, Iml. 2 (1319). Known as the ''[[Leabhar Mór Leacáin]]'', written c. 1417.{{sfn|Todd|1848|p=viii}}
== Ábhair
''Lebor Bretnach'' is a translation of a 9th-century historical collection purportedly written by Nennius, the ''Historia Brittonum'', but not an entirely literal one. It only summarises the ''Historia Brittonum'' where that work deals with specifically Gaelic matters already familiar to scholars in Ireland and Scotland, and in some other passages it includes additional material taken from, for example, the ''[[Sex Aetates Mundi|Sex Aetates Mundi]]'', [[Bede]]'s ''[[Ecclesiastical History of the English People|Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum]]'', and a [[na Cruithnigh|Pictish]] king-list.{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=13}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}}
==Authorship agus dáta
In two manuscripts of ''Lebor Bretnach'', '''H''' and '''M''', the translation is ascribed to the poet Gilla Cóemáin (fl. 1071/2).{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} This ascription is now in doubt,{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}} and the historian [[Thomas Owen Clancy]] has suggested that ''Lebor Bretnach'' was instead only intended to be dedicated to Gilla Cóemáin.{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} Traditionally there had been an assumption that the translation had been an Irish work, but Clancy has argued for a Scottish provenance, suggesting an origin at [[Abernethy, Perth and Kinross|Abernethy]], though probably intended for an Irish readership that had perhaps become interested in Scottish literature and history as a result of the military success and prestige of the [[Kingdom of Alba]].{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=700}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clancy |first1=Thomas Owen |year=2000 |chapter=Scotland, the "Nennian" recension of the ''Historia Brittonum'', and the ''Lebor Bretnach'' |editor1-last=Taylor |editor1-first=Simon |title=Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland 500–1297: Essays in Honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the Occasion of her Ninetieth Birthday |location=Dublin |publisher=Four Courts Press |pages=87–107 |isbn=1851825169 }}</ref> It is generally agreed that ''Lebor Bretnach'' dates to the mid or late 11th century.{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=11}}{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}
== Eagráin
* {{cite book
|year=1848
|editor1-last=Todd
|editor1-first=James Henthorn
|editor1-link=James Henthorn Todd
|title=Leabhar Breathnach Annso Sis: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Irish Archaeological Society
| url = https://archive.org/details/leabharbreathnac00nennuoft
}}, ar CELT as: [https://celt.ucc.ie//published/G100028/index.html Gaeilge]
* {{cite book
|year=1937
|editor1-last=van Hamel
|editor1-first=A. G.
|editor1-link=A. G. van Hamel
|title=Lebor Bretnach: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum Ascribed to Nennius
|series=Irish Manuscripts Commission, Volume 5
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Oifig an tSoláthair
}}
== Féach freisin
* [[Nennius]] — a Welsh monk of the 9th century
* [[Frankish Table of Nations]] — a Latin source for the genealogies
== Foinsí
* {{citation
|last=Dooley
|first=Ann
|author-link=Ann Dooley
|date=2004
|title=Arthur of the Irish: A viable concept?
|journal=Arthurian Literature |volume=21
|pages=9–28
}}
* {{citation
|last=Evans
|first=Nicholas
|editor-last=Duffy
|editor-first=Sean |encyclopedia=Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
|title=Scottish influence
|year=2005
|publisher=Routledge
|location=Londain
|isbn=0415940524
|pages=699–700
}}
* {{citation
|url=http://www.historiabrittonum.net/?page_id=20
|title=Lebor Bretnach |last1=Fitzpatrick-Matthews |first1=Keith J.
|date=2007–2015
|website=Historia Brittonum
}}
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Litríocht na hÉireann]]
== Foclóireacht ==
# [[Foclóireacht na Gaeilge]]
# [[Leabharlann an Ard Easpaig Marsh]]=[[Leabharlann Marsh]]-
# [[foclóir.ie]]=[[focloir.ie]]
== An Féineachas ==
[[An Féineachas]] (agus/nó b'fhéidir [[Seanchas]] / [[Béaloideas]]).
Spreagtha ag ''[[:en:Wikipedia:Recent_additions/2025/March#8 March 2025|Recent additions, 8 March 2025]]''
''[https://dil.ie/34117 othrus]'' ≈ fulaingt tinnis/othrais.
Teimpléid;
* [[Teimpléad:WD Bosca Sonraí Doiciméad]]
* [[Teimpléad:efn]]
Nuashonraithe (lámhscríbhinní):
# [[Senchas Már]] (SM)
# [[Bechbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Bechbretha agus Coibes Uisci Thairdne|SM #21]])
# [[Bretha Crólige]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #33]])
# [[Críth Gablach]] (MacA)
# [[Gúbretha Caratniad]] ([[Bodleian Library]], [[Rawlinson B 502]])
As nua, iomlán:
# [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici]] (CIH)
# [[Sanas Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]] (MacA)
# [[Cethairṡlicht Athgabálae]] ([[Senchas Már#Cethairslicht Athgabálae|SM #2]])
# [[Sechtae]] ([[Senchas Már#Sechtae|SM #9]])
# [[Recholl Breth]] (SM #13)
# [[Bretha Déin Chécht]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #34]])
# [[Muirbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Clár ábhar|SM #38]])
# [[Anfuigell]] (m.s., CnaT, LS 1387; MacA)
# [[Berrad Airechta]] (CnaT, LS 1337)
# [[Bretha Étgid]] ([[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann|ARÉ]] LS 23 P 3)
# [[Cóic Conara Fugill]] (m.s., [[Uraicecht Becc]], [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Di Astud Chor]] (''via'' [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Mellbretha]] ([[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|CnaT]], LS 1363)
# [[Uí Lochlainn]]
# [[Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]]
# [[CnaT BÁC, LS 1317]], [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath, LS 1317]]
# [[Bóaire]]
# [[Coinmheadh is buannacht]]
# [[Brehon Law Commission]]
# [[Mac Aodhagáin]] → [[Mhic Aodhagáin]]
# [[John Lynch (Gratianus Lucius)]]
# [[Fearghas Ó Ceallaigh]]
# [[Leabharlann COBÁC]]
# [[Cathair Mhic Neachtain]]
# [[Thom McGinty]]
As nua, síolta:
# [[Dlí Ceilteach]]-
# [[Gabháil chine]]-
# [[Cyfraith Hywel]]-
# [[Galanas]]-
# [[Accessus ad auctores]]-
# [[Hapax legomenon]]-
# [[Robert Atkinson]]-
== Dlí luath na hÉireann ==
Fainic: sách fada, mionchúiseach agus as Béarla, mar bharr ar an donas.
The particular "[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/féineachas An] [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20Irish%20law/ Féineachas]" aside, I'm looking at the general phrase "early Irish law".
My dad was a fishmonger and was always careful to say about his produce "smoked Irish salmon" and not "Irish smoked salmon", if you see the difference.
Is it then "early law of ..." or "law of early ..."? Is "Irish" the language (surely not), the culture, the people or the nation, and in what period? Should "early" be translated as luath or moch? If luath, should it be "luath-" or "- luath"?
Given those options, "early Irish law" could be anything from "luathdhlí Gaelach" to "dlí na hÉireann moiche" and points in between. I favour the former.
Similarly, for "Celtic law" I favour "dlí Ceilteach", i.e., the culture not the people (the Celts, ... na gCeilteach).
Notes:
* Moch: cf. [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20modern%20irish/ Nua-Ghaeilge Mhoch] on téarma.ie
* "Irish": Gaelach, na nGael, Éireannach, na hÉireann?
* What about Welsh, English or Roman law?
{{Dlí luath na hÉireann}}
== Téamh domhanda ==
••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir
Ann cheana:
* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming
* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] ''Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy
'Cúis'eanna nua:
# [[Gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas
# [[Astaíocht charbóin]] '' Carbon emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]] '' Greenhouse gas emission due to agriculture
hwr8z8t2h48yfl99stfmqwq9nyx1luq
1269302
1269301
2025-06-09T20:06:17Z
Marcas.oduinn
33120
/* Lebor Bretnach */
1269302
wikitext
text/x-wiki
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
== Litríocht ==
# [[Murúch]]-
# [[Tongu do dia toinges mo thúath]]-
# [[Remscéla]]=[[Réamhscéalta]]
# [[Bernhard Maier]]
# ''[[:en:Foraire Uladh ar Aodh|Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]'' - [[Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]
# ''[[:en:Lebor Bretnach|Lebor Bretnach]]'' - [[Lebor Bretnach]]=[[Leabhar Breatnach]]
# ''[[:en:Dominican Annals of Roscommon|Dominican Annals of Roscommon]]'' - [[Annála Doiminiceacha Ros Comáin]]
# ''[[:en:Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh|Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]'' - [[Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]
# ''[[:en:Ranna an aeir|Ranna an aeir]]'' - [[Ranna an aeir]]
# ''[[:en:Irish Astronomical Tract|Irish Astronomical Tract]]'' - [[]]
== Lebor Bretnach ==
{{tl|teideal iodálach}}
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
'''''Lebor Bretnach''''', [[Irish orthography]] '''''Leabhar Breathnach''''' and sometimes known as the '''Irish Nennius''', is an 11th-century historical work in [[teangacha Gaelacha]], largely consisting of a translation of the ''[[Historia Brittonum]]''. It may have originated in Scotland, although it has traditionally been attributed to the Irish poet [[Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde|Gilla Cóemáin]].
== Lámhscríbhinní
''Lebor Bretnach'' exists in five manuscripts:
* '''U'''. Baile Átha Cliath, [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]], MS 23 E 25 (1229). A 12th-century fragment in the ''[[Lebor na hUidre|Leabhar na hUidhre]]''.
* '''B'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 12 (536). A 14th-century manuscript known as the ''[[Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta]]''.
* '''H'''. BÁC, [[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|Coláiste na Tríonóide]], MS H. 3. 17. Probably written in the 14th or early 15th century.
* '''M'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS Stowe D ii 1. Known as the ''[[Leabhar Ua Maine|Leabhar Uí Mhaine]]'', written before 1423.
* '''L'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 2 (535) agus BÁC, CnaT, MS H. 2. 17, Iml. 2 (1319). Known as the ''[[Leabhar Mór Leacáin]]'', written c. 1417.{{sfn|Todd|1848|p=viii}}
== Ábhair
''Lebor Bretnach'' is a translation of a 9th-century historical collection purportedly written by Nennius, the ''Historia Brittonum'', but not an entirely literal one. It only summarises the ''Historia Brittonum'' where that work deals with specifically Gaelic matters already familiar to scholars in Ireland and Scotland, and in some other passages it includes additional material taken from, for example, the ''[[Sex Aetates Mundi (Meán-Ghaeilge)|Sex Aetates Mundi]]'', [[Bede]]'s ''[[Ecclesiastical History of the English People|Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum]]'', and a [[na Cruithnigh|Pictish]] king-list.{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=13}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}}
== Údair agus dáta
In two manuscripts of ''Lebor Bretnach'', '''H''' and '''M''', the translation is ascribed to the poet Gilla Cóemáin (fl. 1071/2).{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} This ascription is now in doubt,{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}} and the historian [[Thomas Owen Clancy]] has suggested that ''Lebor Bretnach'' was instead only intended to be dedicated to Gilla Cóemáin.{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} Traditionally there had been an assumption that the translation had been an Irish work, but Clancy has argued for a Scottish provenance, suggesting an origin at [[Abernethy, Perth and Kinross|Abernethy]], though probably intended for an Irish readership that had perhaps become interested in Scottish literature and history as a result of the military success and prestige of the [[Kingdom of Alba]].{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=700}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clancy |first1=Thomas Owen |year=2000 |chapter=Scotland, the "Nennian" recension of the ''Historia Brittonum'', and the ''Lebor Bretnach'' |editor1-last=Taylor |editor1-first=Simon |title=Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland 500–1297: Essays in Honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the Occasion of her Ninetieth Birthday |location=Dublin |publisher=Four Courts Press |pages=87–107 |isbn=1851825169 }}</ref> It is generally agreed that ''Lebor Bretnach'' dates to the mid or late 11th century.{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=11}}{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}
== Eagráin
* {{cite book
|year=1848
|editor1-last=Todd
|editor1-first=James Henthorn
|editor1-link=James Henthorn Todd
|title=Leabhar Breathnach Annso Sis: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Irish Archaeological Society
| url = https://archive.org/details/leabharbreathnac00nennuoft
}}, ar CELT as: [https://celt.ucc.ie//published/G100028/index.html Gaeilge]
* {{cite book
|year=1937
|editor1-last=van Hamel
|editor1-first=A. G.
|editor1-link=A. G. van Hamel
|title=Lebor Bretnach: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum Ascribed to Nennius
|series=Irish Manuscripts Commission, Volume 5
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Oifig an tSoláthair
}}
== Féach freisin
* [[Nennius]] — a Welsh monk of the 9th century
* [[Frankish Table of Nations]] — a Latin source for the genealogies
== Foinsí
* {{citation
|last=Dooley
|first=Ann
|author-link=Ann Dooley
|date=2004
|title=Arthur of the Irish: A viable concept?
|journal=Arthurian Literature |volume=21
|pages=9–28
}}
* {{citation
|last=Evans
|first=Nicholas
|editor-last=Duffy
|editor-first=Sean |encyclopedia=Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
|title=Scottish influence
|year=2005
|publisher=Routledge
|location=Londain
|isbn=0415940524
|pages=699–700
}}
* {{citation
|url=http://www.historiabrittonum.net/?page_id=20
|title=Lebor Bretnach |last1=Fitzpatrick-Matthews |first1=Keith J.
|date=2007–2015
|website=Historia Brittonum
}}
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Litríocht na hÉireann]]
== Foclóireacht ==
# [[Foclóireacht na Gaeilge]]
# [[Leabharlann an Ard Easpaig Marsh]]=[[Leabharlann Marsh]]-
# [[foclóir.ie]]=[[focloir.ie]]
== An Féineachas ==
[[An Féineachas]] (agus/nó b'fhéidir [[Seanchas]] / [[Béaloideas]]).
Spreagtha ag ''[[:en:Wikipedia:Recent_additions/2025/March#8 March 2025|Recent additions, 8 March 2025]]''
''[https://dil.ie/34117 othrus]'' ≈ fulaingt tinnis/othrais.
Teimpléid;
* [[Teimpléad:WD Bosca Sonraí Doiciméad]]
* [[Teimpléad:efn]]
Nuashonraithe (lámhscríbhinní):
# [[Senchas Már]] (SM)
# [[Bechbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Bechbretha agus Coibes Uisci Thairdne|SM #21]])
# [[Bretha Crólige]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #33]])
# [[Críth Gablach]] (MacA)
# [[Gúbretha Caratniad]] ([[Bodleian Library]], [[Rawlinson B 502]])
As nua, iomlán:
# [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici]] (CIH)
# [[Sanas Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]] (MacA)
# [[Cethairṡlicht Athgabálae]] ([[Senchas Már#Cethairslicht Athgabálae|SM #2]])
# [[Sechtae]] ([[Senchas Már#Sechtae|SM #9]])
# [[Recholl Breth]] (SM #13)
# [[Bretha Déin Chécht]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #34]])
# [[Muirbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Clár ábhar|SM #38]])
# [[Anfuigell]] (m.s., CnaT, LS 1387; MacA)
# [[Berrad Airechta]] (CnaT, LS 1337)
# [[Bretha Étgid]] ([[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann|ARÉ]] LS 23 P 3)
# [[Cóic Conara Fugill]] (m.s., [[Uraicecht Becc]], [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Di Astud Chor]] (''via'' [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Mellbretha]] ([[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|CnaT]], LS 1363)
# [[Uí Lochlainn]]
# [[Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]]
# [[CnaT BÁC, LS 1317]], [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath, LS 1317]]
# [[Bóaire]]
# [[Coinmheadh is buannacht]]
# [[Brehon Law Commission]]
# [[Mac Aodhagáin]] → [[Mhic Aodhagáin]]
# [[John Lynch (Gratianus Lucius)]]
# [[Fearghas Ó Ceallaigh]]
# [[Leabharlann COBÁC]]
# [[Cathair Mhic Neachtain]]
# [[Thom McGinty]]
As nua, síolta:
# [[Dlí Ceilteach]]-
# [[Gabháil chine]]-
# [[Cyfraith Hywel]]-
# [[Galanas]]-
# [[Accessus ad auctores]]-
# [[Hapax legomenon]]-
# [[Robert Atkinson]]-
== Dlí luath na hÉireann ==
Fainic: sách fada, mionchúiseach agus as Béarla, mar bharr ar an donas.
The particular "[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/féineachas An] [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20Irish%20law/ Féineachas]" aside, I'm looking at the general phrase "early Irish law".
My dad was a fishmonger and was always careful to say about his produce "smoked Irish salmon" and not "Irish smoked salmon", if you see the difference.
Is it then "early law of ..." or "law of early ..."? Is "Irish" the language (surely not), the culture, the people or the nation, and in what period? Should "early" be translated as luath or moch? If luath, should it be "luath-" or "- luath"?
Given those options, "early Irish law" could be anything from "luathdhlí Gaelach" to "dlí na hÉireann moiche" and points in between. I favour the former.
Similarly, for "Celtic law" I favour "dlí Ceilteach", i.e., the culture not the people (the Celts, ... na gCeilteach).
Notes:
* Moch: cf. [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20modern%20irish/ Nua-Ghaeilge Mhoch] on téarma.ie
* "Irish": Gaelach, na nGael, Éireannach, na hÉireann?
* What about Welsh, English or Roman law?
{{Dlí luath na hÉireann}}
== Téamh domhanda ==
••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir
Ann cheana:
* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming
* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] ''Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy
'Cúis'eanna nua:
# [[Gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas
# [[Astaíocht charbóin]] '' Carbon emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]] '' Greenhouse gas emission due to agriculture
7neeh5eqat0a49fecjn9fh4gb0hpcru
1269316
1269302
2025-06-09T21:09:05Z
Marcas.oduinn
33120
/* Annales Dominicani de Roscoman */
1269316
wikitext
text/x-wiki
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
== Litríocht ==
# [[Murúch]]-
# [[Tongu do dia toinges mo thúath]]-
# [[Remscéla]]=[[Réamhscéalta]]
# [[Bernhard Maier]]
# ''[[:en:Foraire Uladh ar Aodh|Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]'' - [[Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]
# ''[[:en:Lebor Bretnach|Lebor Bretnach]]'' - [[Lebor Bretnach]]=[[Leabhar Breatnach]]
# ''[[:en:Dominican Annals of Roscommon|Dominican Annals of Roscommon]]'' - [[Annála Doiminiceacha Ros Comáin]]
# ''[[:en:Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh|Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]'' - [[Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]
# ''[[:en:Ranna an aeir|Ranna an aeir]]'' - [[Ranna an aeir]]
# ''[[:en:Irish Astronomical Tract|Irish Astronomical Tract]]'' - [[]]
== Lebor Bretnach ==
{{tl|teideal iodálach}}
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
'''''Lebor Bretnach''''', [[Irish orthography]] '''''Leabhar Breathnach''''' and sometimes known as the '''Irish Nennius''', is an 11th-century historical work in [[teangacha Gaelacha]], largely consisting of a translation of the ''[[Historia Brittonum]]''. It may have originated in Scotland, although it has traditionally been attributed to the Irish poet [[Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde|Gilla Cóemáin]].
== Lámhscríbhinní
''Lebor Bretnach'' exists in five manuscripts:
* '''U'''. Baile Átha Cliath, [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]], MS 23 E 25 (1229). A 12th-century fragment in the ''[[Lebor na hUidre|Leabhar na hUidhre]]''.
* '''B'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 12 (536). A 14th-century manuscript known as the ''[[Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta]]''.
* '''H'''. BÁC, [[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|Coláiste na Tríonóide]], MS H. 3. 17. Probably written in the 14th or early 15th century.
* '''M'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS Stowe D ii 1. Known as the ''[[Leabhar Ua Maine|Leabhar Uí Mhaine]]'', written before 1423.
* '''L'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 2 (535) agus BÁC, CnaT, MS H. 2. 17, Iml. 2 (1319). Known as the ''[[Leabhar Mór Leacáin]]'', written c. 1417.{{sfn|Todd|1848|p=viii}}
== Ábhair
''Lebor Bretnach'' is a translation of a 9th-century historical collection purportedly written by Nennius, the ''Historia Brittonum'', but not an entirely literal one. It only summarises the ''Historia Brittonum'' where that work deals with specifically Gaelic matters already familiar to scholars in Ireland and Scotland, and in some other passages it includes additional material taken from, for example, the ''[[Sex Aetates Mundi (Meán-Ghaeilge)|Sex Aetates Mundi]]'', [[Bede]]'s ''[[Ecclesiastical History of the English People|Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum]]'', and a [[na Cruithnigh|Pictish]] king-list.{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=13}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}}
== Údair agus dáta
In two manuscripts of ''Lebor Bretnach'', '''H''' and '''M''', the translation is ascribed to the poet Gilla Cóemáin (fl. 1071/2).{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} This ascription is now in doubt,{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}} and the historian [[Thomas Owen Clancy]] has suggested that ''Lebor Bretnach'' was instead only intended to be dedicated to Gilla Cóemáin.{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} Traditionally there had been an assumption that the translation had been an Irish work, but Clancy has argued for a Scottish provenance, suggesting an origin at [[Abernethy, Perth and Kinross|Abernethy]], though probably intended for an Irish readership that had perhaps become interested in Scottish literature and history as a result of the military success and prestige of the [[Kingdom of Alba]].{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=700}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clancy |first1=Thomas Owen |year=2000 |chapter=Scotland, the "Nennian" recension of the ''Historia Brittonum'', and the ''Lebor Bretnach'' |editor1-last=Taylor |editor1-first=Simon |title=Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland 500–1297: Essays in Honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the Occasion of her Ninetieth Birthday |location=Dublin |publisher=Four Courts Press |pages=87–107 |isbn=1851825169 }}</ref> It is generally agreed that ''Lebor Bretnach'' dates to the mid or late 11th century.{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=11}}{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}
== Eagráin
* {{cite book
|year=1848
|editor1-last=Todd
|editor1-first=James Henthorn
|editor1-link=James Henthorn Todd
|title=Leabhar Breathnach Annso Sis: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Irish Archaeological Society
| url = https://archive.org/details/leabharbreathnac00nennuoft
}}, ar CELT as: [https://celt.ucc.ie//published/G100028/index.html Gaeilge]
* {{cite book
|year=1937
|editor1-last=van Hamel
|editor1-first=A. G.
|editor1-link=A. G. van Hamel
|title=Lebor Bretnach: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum Ascribed to Nennius
|series=Irish Manuscripts Commission, Volume 5
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Oifig an tSoláthair
}}
== Féach freisin
* [[Nennius]] — a Welsh monk of the 9th century
* [[Frankish Table of Nations]] — a Latin source for the genealogies
== Foinsí
* {{citation
|last=Dooley
|first=Ann
|author-link=Ann Dooley
|date=2004
|title=Arthur of the Irish: A viable concept?
|journal=Arthurian Literature |volume=21
|pages=9–28
}}
* {{citation
|last=Evans
|first=Nicholas
|editor-last=Duffy
|editor-first=Sean |encyclopedia=Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
|title=Scottish influence
|year=2005
|publisher=Routledge
|location=Londain
|isbn=0415940524
|pages=699–700
}}
* {{citation
|url=http://www.historiabrittonum.net/?page_id=20
|title=Lebor Bretnach |last1=Fitzpatrick-Matthews |first1=Keith J.
|date=2007–2015
|website=Historia Brittonum
}}
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Litríocht na hÉireann]]
== Annales Dominicani de Roscoman ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
[[Íomhá:Roscommon_Priory_-_aerial_-_2024-12-27_01.jpg|thumb|'' Ruins of Roscommon Dominican Priory]]
The '''Dominican Annals of Roscommon''' ({{Lang|la|Annales Dominicani de Roscoman}}) is an [[Annála Éireannacha]], covering events, mainly in Connacht and its neighbouring regions, from 1163 to 1314, spanning the period of the [[Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland]] and the early part of [[Lordship of Ireland|English rule in Ireland]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
|url=https://groups.io/g/Educator-Gold/topic/digital_humanities_digital/334356
|teideal=DIGITAL HUMANITIES : DIGITAL SCHOLARSHIP : DIGITIZATION PROJECTS : ONLINE ARCHIVES : DIGITAL ARCHIVES: CELT Project: The Corpus of Electronic Texts: The Free Digital Humanities Resource for Irish History, Literature and Politics.
|website=groups.io
}}</ref> It also mentions some matters to do with the [[Dominicans]], [[Catholic Church|church]] matters in general, and political relations with [[Kingdom of England|England]].<ref name=adrcelt>{{lua idirlín
|url=https://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/
|teideal=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman
|suíomh=celt.ucc.ie
}}</ref>
It was compiled in [[Laidin]] in [[Roscommon Dominican Priory]] (Blackfriars).<ref>Finn, R. (2023:10). ''The Dominicans in the British Isles and Beyond: A New History of the English Province of the Friars Preachers''. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.</ref> The abbey was founded by and supported by the [[Ó Conchobhair]] [[ríthe na gConnacht]]. Occasional examples of pro-O'Connor bias are noted: for example, the [[Blinding (punishment)|blinding]] of Muirchertach Ua Conchobair by his brother, the king [[Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]], is not mentioned, and when the 1193 [[plundering]] of the monastery on [[Inchcleraun]] is mentioned, it is attributed to [[Gilbert de Lacy]], whereas the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] mention that [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair]] was also responsible.<ref name=adrcelt/>
The largest part of the Annals are attributed to [[Odo O'Hanmerech]] ({{died in|1306}}).
The annals survive in a seventeenth-century manuscript that once belonged to [[James Ware (historian)|James Ware]].
Among its notable entries are a mention of the drying-up of the River Galvia, apparently an early name for [[River Corrib|the Corrib]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://steemit.com/ireland/@harlotscurse/a-sova-potamoy-ekvolai
| teideal=Αὐσοβα Ποταμου Εκβολαι
| dáta=3ú Meán Fómhair 2018
| suíomh=Steemit
}}</ref>
== Féach freisin
* [[Annála Éireannacha]]
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Annála Éireannacha]]
{{siol-ie}}
== Foclóireacht ==
# [[Foclóireacht na Gaeilge]]
# [[Leabharlann an Ard Easpaig Marsh]]=[[Leabharlann Marsh]]-
# [[foclóir.ie]]=[[focloir.ie]]
== An Féineachas ==
[[An Féineachas]] (agus/nó b'fhéidir [[Seanchas]] / [[Béaloideas]]).
Spreagtha ag ''[[:en:Wikipedia:Recent_additions/2025/March#8 March 2025|Recent additions, 8 March 2025]]''
''[https://dil.ie/34117 othrus]'' ≈ fulaingt tinnis/othrais.
Teimpléid;
* [[Teimpléad:WD Bosca Sonraí Doiciméad]]
* [[Teimpléad:efn]]
Nuashonraithe (lámhscríbhinní):
# [[Senchas Már]] (SM)
# [[Bechbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Bechbretha agus Coibes Uisci Thairdne|SM #21]])
# [[Bretha Crólige]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #33]])
# [[Críth Gablach]] (MacA)
# [[Gúbretha Caratniad]] ([[Bodleian Library]], [[Rawlinson B 502]])
As nua, iomlán:
# [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici]] (CIH)
# [[Sanas Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]] (MacA)
# [[Cethairṡlicht Athgabálae]] ([[Senchas Már#Cethairslicht Athgabálae|SM #2]])
# [[Sechtae]] ([[Senchas Már#Sechtae|SM #9]])
# [[Recholl Breth]] (SM #13)
# [[Bretha Déin Chécht]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #34]])
# [[Muirbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Clár ábhar|SM #38]])
# [[Anfuigell]] (m.s., CnaT, LS 1387; MacA)
# [[Berrad Airechta]] (CnaT, LS 1337)
# [[Bretha Étgid]] ([[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann|ARÉ]] LS 23 P 3)
# [[Cóic Conara Fugill]] (m.s., [[Uraicecht Becc]], [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Di Astud Chor]] (''via'' [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Mellbretha]] ([[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|CnaT]], LS 1363)
# [[Uí Lochlainn]]
# [[Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]]
# [[CnaT BÁC, LS 1317]], [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath, LS 1317]]
# [[Bóaire]]
# [[Coinmheadh is buannacht]]
# [[Brehon Law Commission]]
# [[Mac Aodhagáin]] → [[Mhic Aodhagáin]]
# [[John Lynch (Gratianus Lucius)]]
# [[Fearghas Ó Ceallaigh]]
# [[Leabharlann COBÁC]]
# [[Cathair Mhic Neachtain]]
# [[Thom McGinty]]
As nua, síolta:
# [[Dlí Ceilteach]]-
# [[Gabháil chine]]-
# [[Cyfraith Hywel]]-
# [[Galanas]]-
# [[Accessus ad auctores]]-
# [[Hapax legomenon]]-
# [[Robert Atkinson]]-
== Dlí luath na hÉireann ==
Fainic: sách fada, mionchúiseach agus as Béarla, mar bharr ar an donas.
The particular "[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/féineachas An] [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20Irish%20law/ Féineachas]" aside, I'm looking at the general phrase "early Irish law".
My dad was a fishmonger and was always careful to say about his produce "smoked Irish salmon" and not "Irish smoked salmon", if you see the difference.
Is it then "early law of ..." or "law of early ..."? Is "Irish" the language (surely not), the culture, the people or the nation, and in what period? Should "early" be translated as luath or moch? If luath, should it be "luath-" or "- luath"?
Given those options, "early Irish law" could be anything from "luathdhlí Gaelach" to "dlí na hÉireann moiche" and points in between. I favour the former.
Similarly, for "Celtic law" I favour "dlí Ceilteach", i.e., the culture not the people (the Celts, ... na gCeilteach).
Notes:
* Moch: cf. [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20modern%20irish/ Nua-Ghaeilge Mhoch] on téarma.ie
* "Irish": Gaelach, na nGael, Éireannach, na hÉireann?
* What about Welsh, English or Roman law?
{{Dlí luath na hÉireann}}
== Téamh domhanda ==
••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir
Ann cheana:
* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming
* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] ''Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy
'Cúis'eanna nua:
# [[Gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas
# [[Astaíocht charbóin]] '' Carbon emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]] '' Greenhouse gas emission due to agriculture
2a20mp1nh1gnmkz8xxu28v1y154s7lf
1269318
1269316
2025-06-09T21:30:38Z
Marcas.oduinn
33120
/* Annales Dominicani de Roscoman */
1269318
wikitext
text/x-wiki
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
== Litríocht ==
# [[Murúch]]-
# [[Tongu do dia toinges mo thúath]]-
# [[Remscéla]]=[[Réamhscéalta]]
# [[Bernhard Maier]]
# ''[[:en:Foraire Uladh ar Aodh|Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]'' - [[Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]
# ''[[:en:Lebor Bretnach|Lebor Bretnach]]'' - [[Lebor Bretnach]]=[[Leabhar Breatnach]]
# ''[[:en:Dominican Annals of Roscommon|Dominican Annals of Roscommon]]'' - [[Annála Doiminiceacha Ros Comáin]]
# ''[[:en:Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh|Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]'' - [[Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]
# ''[[:en:Ranna an aeir|Ranna an aeir]]'' - [[Ranna an aeir]]
# ''[[:en:Irish Astronomical Tract|Irish Astronomical Tract]]'' - [[]]
== Lebor Bretnach ==
{{tl|teideal iodálach}}
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
'''''Lebor Bretnach''''', [[Irish orthography]] '''''Leabhar Breathnach''''' and sometimes known as the '''Irish Nennius''', is an 11th-century historical work in [[teangacha Gaelacha]], largely consisting of a translation of the ''[[Historia Brittonum]]''. It may have originated in Scotland, although it has traditionally been attributed to the Irish poet [[Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde|Gilla Cóemáin]].
== Lámhscríbhinní
''Lebor Bretnach'' exists in five manuscripts:
* '''U'''. Baile Átha Cliath, [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]], MS 23 E 25 (1229). A 12th-century fragment in the ''[[Lebor na hUidre|Leabhar na hUidhre]]''.
* '''B'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 12 (536). A 14th-century manuscript known as the ''[[Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta]]''.
* '''H'''. BÁC, [[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|Coláiste na Tríonóide]], MS H. 3. 17. Probably written in the 14th or early 15th century.
* '''M'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS Stowe D ii 1. Known as the ''[[Leabhar Ua Maine|Leabhar Uí Mhaine]]'', written before 1423.
* '''L'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 2 (535) agus BÁC, CnaT, MS H. 2. 17, Iml. 2 (1319). Known as the ''[[Leabhar Mór Leacáin]]'', written c. 1417.{{sfn|Todd|1848|p=viii}}
== Ábhair
''Lebor Bretnach'' is a translation of a 9th-century historical collection purportedly written by Nennius, the ''Historia Brittonum'', but not an entirely literal one. It only summarises the ''Historia Brittonum'' where that work deals with specifically Gaelic matters already familiar to scholars in Ireland and Scotland, and in some other passages it includes additional material taken from, for example, the ''[[Sex Aetates Mundi (Meán-Ghaeilge)|Sex Aetates Mundi]]'', [[Bede]]'s ''[[Ecclesiastical History of the English People|Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum]]'', and a [[na Cruithnigh|Pictish]] king-list.{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=13}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}}
== Údair agus dáta
In two manuscripts of ''Lebor Bretnach'', '''H''' and '''M''', the translation is ascribed to the poet Gilla Cóemáin (fl. 1071/2).{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} This ascription is now in doubt,{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}} and the historian [[Thomas Owen Clancy]] has suggested that ''Lebor Bretnach'' was instead only intended to be dedicated to Gilla Cóemáin.{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} Traditionally there had been an assumption that the translation had been an Irish work, but Clancy has argued for a Scottish provenance, suggesting an origin at [[Abernethy, Perth and Kinross|Abernethy]], though probably intended for an Irish readership that had perhaps become interested in Scottish literature and history as a result of the military success and prestige of the [[Kingdom of Alba]].{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=700}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clancy |first1=Thomas Owen |year=2000 |chapter=Scotland, the "Nennian" recension of the ''Historia Brittonum'', and the ''Lebor Bretnach'' |editor1-last=Taylor |editor1-first=Simon |title=Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland 500–1297: Essays in Honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the Occasion of her Ninetieth Birthday |location=Dublin |publisher=Four Courts Press |pages=87–107 |isbn=1851825169 }}</ref> It is generally agreed that ''Lebor Bretnach'' dates to the mid or late 11th century.{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=11}}{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}
== Eagráin
* {{cite book
|year=1848
|editor1-last=Todd
|editor1-first=James Henthorn
|editor1-link=James Henthorn Todd
|title=Leabhar Breathnach Annso Sis: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Irish Archaeological Society
| url = https://archive.org/details/leabharbreathnac00nennuoft
}}, ar CELT as: [https://celt.ucc.ie//published/G100028/index.html Gaeilge]
* {{cite book
|year=1937
|editor1-last=van Hamel
|editor1-first=A. G.
|editor1-link=A. G. van Hamel
|title=Lebor Bretnach: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum Ascribed to Nennius
|series=Irish Manuscripts Commission, Volume 5
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Oifig an tSoláthair
}}
== Féach freisin
* [[Nennius]] — a Welsh monk of the 9th century
* [[Frankish Table of Nations]] — a Latin source for the genealogies
== Foinsí
* {{citation
|last=Dooley
|first=Ann
|author-link=Ann Dooley
|date=2004
|title=Arthur of the Irish: A viable concept?
|journal=Arthurian Literature |volume=21
|pages=9–28
}}
* {{citation
|last=Evans
|first=Nicholas
|editor-last=Duffy
|editor-first=Sean |encyclopedia=Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
|title=Scottish influence
|year=2005
|publisher=Routledge
|location=Londain
|isbn=0415940524
|pages=699–700
}}
* {{citation
|url=http://www.historiabrittonum.net/?page_id=20
|title=Lebor Bretnach |last1=Fitzpatrick-Matthews |first1=Keith J.
|date=2007–2015
|website=Historia Brittonum
}}
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Litríocht na hÉireann]]
== Annales Dominicani de Roscoman ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
[[Íomhá:Roscommon_Priory_-_aerial_-_2024-12-27_01.jpg|thumb|'' Ruins of Roscommon Dominican Priory]]
The '''Dominican Annals of Roscommon''' ({{Lang|la|Annales Dominicani de Roscoman}}) is an [[Annála Éireannacha]], covering events, mainly in Connacht and its neighbouring regions, from 1163 to 1314, spanning the period of the [[Ionradh na Normannach ar Éirinn]] and the early part of [[Tiarnas na hÉireann]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://groups.io/g/Educator-Gold/topic/digital_humanities_digital/334356
| teideal=CELT Project: The Corpus of Electronic Texts
| suíomh=groups.io
}}</ref> It also mentions some matters to do with the [[na Doiminicigh]], [[An Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach] matters in general, and political relations with [[Ríocht Shasana]].<ref name=adrcelt>{{lua idirlín
|url=https://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/
|teideal=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman
|suíomh=celt.ucc.ie
}}</ref>
It was compiled in [[Laidin]] in [[Roscommon Dominican Priory]] (Blackfriars).<ref>Finn, R. (2023:10). ''The Dominicans in the British Isles and Beyond: A New History of the English Province of the Friars Preachers''. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.</ref> The abbey was founded by and supported by the [[Uí Chonchúir]] [[ríthe na gConnacht]]. Occasional examples of pro-O'Connor bias are noted: for example, the [[Blinding (punishment)|blinding]] of Muirchertach Ua Conchobair by his brother, the king [[Ruaidrí mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair|Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]], is not mentioned, and when the 1193 [[creachadh]] of the monastery on [[Inchcleraun]] is mentioned, it is attributed to [[Gilbert de Lacy]], whereas the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] mention that [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair]] was also responsible.<ref name=adrcelt/>
The largest part of the Annals are attributed to [[Odo O'Hanmerech]] (died in 1306).
The annals survive in a seventeenth-century manuscript that once belonged to [[James Ware]].
Among its notable entries are a mention of the drying-up of the River Galvia, apparently an early name for [[Abhainn na Gaillimhe]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://steemit.com/ireland/@harlotscurse/a-sova-potamoy-ekvolai
| teideal=Αὐσοβα Ποταμου Εκβολαι
| dáta=3ú Meán Fómhair 2018
| suíomh=Steemit
}}</ref>
== Féach freisin
* [[Annála Éireannacha]]
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Annála Éireannacha]]
{{síol-ie}}
== Foclóireacht ==
# [[Foclóireacht na Gaeilge]]
# [[Leabharlann an Ard Easpaig Marsh]]=[[Leabharlann Marsh]]-
# [[foclóir.ie]]=[[focloir.ie]]
== An Féineachas ==
[[An Féineachas]] (agus/nó b'fhéidir [[Seanchas]] / [[Béaloideas]]).
Spreagtha ag ''[[:en:Wikipedia:Recent_additions/2025/March#8 March 2025|Recent additions, 8 March 2025]]''
''[https://dil.ie/34117 othrus]'' ≈ fulaingt tinnis/othrais.
Teimpléid;
* [[Teimpléad:WD Bosca Sonraí Doiciméad]]
* [[Teimpléad:efn]]
Nuashonraithe (lámhscríbhinní):
# [[Senchas Már]] (SM)
# [[Bechbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Bechbretha agus Coibes Uisci Thairdne|SM #21]])
# [[Bretha Crólige]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #33]])
# [[Críth Gablach]] (MacA)
# [[Gúbretha Caratniad]] ([[Bodleian Library]], [[Rawlinson B 502]])
As nua, iomlán:
# [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici]] (CIH)
# [[Sanas Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]] (MacA)
# [[Cethairṡlicht Athgabálae]] ([[Senchas Már#Cethairslicht Athgabálae|SM #2]])
# [[Sechtae]] ([[Senchas Már#Sechtae|SM #9]])
# [[Recholl Breth]] (SM #13)
# [[Bretha Déin Chécht]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #34]])
# [[Muirbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Clár ábhar|SM #38]])
# [[Anfuigell]] (m.s., CnaT, LS 1387; MacA)
# [[Berrad Airechta]] (CnaT, LS 1337)
# [[Bretha Étgid]] ([[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann|ARÉ]] LS 23 P 3)
# [[Cóic Conara Fugill]] (m.s., [[Uraicecht Becc]], [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Di Astud Chor]] (''via'' [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Mellbretha]] ([[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|CnaT]], LS 1363)
# [[Uí Lochlainn]]
# [[Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]]
# [[CnaT BÁC, LS 1317]], [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath, LS 1317]]
# [[Bóaire]]
# [[Coinmheadh is buannacht]]
# [[Brehon Law Commission]]
# [[Mac Aodhagáin]] → [[Mhic Aodhagáin]]
# [[John Lynch (Gratianus Lucius)]]
# [[Fearghas Ó Ceallaigh]]
# [[Leabharlann COBÁC]]
# [[Cathair Mhic Neachtain]]
# [[Thom McGinty]]
As nua, síolta:
# [[Dlí Ceilteach]]-
# [[Gabháil chine]]-
# [[Cyfraith Hywel]]-
# [[Galanas]]-
# [[Accessus ad auctores]]-
# [[Hapax legomenon]]-
# [[Robert Atkinson]]-
== Dlí luath na hÉireann ==
Fainic: sách fada, mionchúiseach agus as Béarla, mar bharr ar an donas.
The particular "[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/féineachas An] [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20Irish%20law/ Féineachas]" aside, I'm looking at the general phrase "early Irish law".
My dad was a fishmonger and was always careful to say about his produce "smoked Irish salmon" and not "Irish smoked salmon", if you see the difference.
Is it then "early law of ..." or "law of early ..."? Is "Irish" the language (surely not), the culture, the people or the nation, and in what period? Should "early" be translated as luath or moch? If luath, should it be "luath-" or "- luath"?
Given those options, "early Irish law" could be anything from "luathdhlí Gaelach" to "dlí na hÉireann moiche" and points in between. I favour the former.
Similarly, for "Celtic law" I favour "dlí Ceilteach", i.e., the culture not the people (the Celts, ... na gCeilteach).
Notes:
* Moch: cf. [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20modern%20irish/ Nua-Ghaeilge Mhoch] on téarma.ie
* "Irish": Gaelach, na nGael, Éireannach, na hÉireann?
* What about Welsh, English or Roman law?
{{Dlí luath na hÉireann}}
== Téamh domhanda ==
••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir
Ann cheana:
* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming
* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] ''Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy
'Cúis'eanna nua:
# [[Gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas
# [[Astaíocht charbóin]] '' Carbon emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]] '' Greenhouse gas emission due to agriculture
r2tr3h094jattdc68ugnz43z5go80xp
1269321
1269318
2025-06-09T21:40:28Z
Marcas.oduinn
33120
1269321
wikitext
text/x-wiki
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
== Litríocht ==
# [[Murúch]]-
# [[Tongu do dia toinges mo thúath]]-
# [[Remscéla]]=[[Réamhscéalta]]
# [[Bernhard Maier]]
# ''[[:en:Foraire Uladh ar Aodh|Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]'' - [[Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]
# ''[[:en:Lebor Bretnach|Lebor Bretnach]]'' - [[Lebor Bretnach]]=[[Leabhar Breatnach]]
# ''[[:en:Dominican Annals of Roscommon|Dominican Annals of Roscommon]]'' - [[Annála Doiminiceacha Ros Comáin]]
# ''[[:en:Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh|Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]'' - [[Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]
# ''[[:en:Ranna an aeir|Ranna an aeir]]'' - [[Ranna an aeir]]
# ''[[:en:Irish Astronomical Tract|Irish Astronomical Tract]]'' - [[]]
== Lebor Bretnach ==
{{tl|teideal iodálach}}
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
'''''Lebor Bretnach''''', [[Irish orthography]] '''''Leabhar Breathnach''''' and sometimes known as the '''Irish Nennius''', is an 11th-century historical work in [[teangacha Gaelacha]], largely consisting of a translation of the ''[[Historia Brittonum]]''. It may have originated in Scotland, although it has traditionally been attributed to the Irish poet [[Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde|Gilla Cóemáin]].
== Lámhscríbhinní
''Lebor Bretnach'' exists in five manuscripts:
* '''U'''. Baile Átha Cliath, [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]], MS 23 E 25 (1229). A 12th-century fragment in the ''[[Lebor na hUidre|Leabhar na hUidhre]]''.
* '''B'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 12 (536). A 14th-century manuscript known as the ''[[Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta]]''.
* '''H'''. BÁC, [[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|Coláiste na Tríonóide]], MS H. 3. 17. Probably written in the 14th or early 15th century.
* '''M'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS Stowe D ii 1. Known as the ''[[Leabhar Ua Maine|Leabhar Uí Mhaine]]'', written before 1423.
* '''L'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 2 (535) agus BÁC, CnaT, MS H. 2. 17, Iml. 2 (1319). Known as the ''[[Leabhar Mór Leacáin]]'', written c. 1417.{{sfn|Todd|1848|p=viii}}
== Ábhair
''Lebor Bretnach'' is a translation of a 9th-century historical collection purportedly written by Nennius, the ''Historia Brittonum'', but not an entirely literal one. It only summarises the ''Historia Brittonum'' where that work deals with specifically Gaelic matters already familiar to scholars in Ireland and Scotland, and in some other passages it includes additional material taken from, for example, the ''[[Sex Aetates Mundi (Meán-Ghaeilge)|Sex Aetates Mundi]]'', [[Bede]]'s ''[[Ecclesiastical History of the English People|Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum]]'', and a [[na Cruithnigh|Pictish]] king-list.{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=13}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}}
== Údair agus dáta
In two manuscripts of ''Lebor Bretnach'', '''H''' and '''M''', the translation is ascribed to the poet Gilla Cóemáin (fl. 1071/2).{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} This ascription is now in doubt,{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}} and the historian [[Thomas Owen Clancy]] has suggested that ''Lebor Bretnach'' was instead only intended to be dedicated to Gilla Cóemáin.{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} Traditionally there had been an assumption that the translation had been an Irish work, but Clancy has argued for a Scottish provenance, suggesting an origin at [[Abernethy, Perth and Kinross|Abernethy]], though probably intended for an Irish readership that had perhaps become interested in Scottish literature and history as a result of the military success and prestige of the [[Kingdom of Alba]].{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=700}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clancy |first1=Thomas Owen |year=2000 |chapter=Scotland, the "Nennian" recension of the ''Historia Brittonum'', and the ''Lebor Bretnach'' |editor1-last=Taylor |editor1-first=Simon |title=Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland 500–1297: Essays in Honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the Occasion of her Ninetieth Birthday |location=Dublin |publisher=Four Courts Press |pages=87–107 |isbn=1851825169 }}</ref> It is generally agreed that ''Lebor Bretnach'' dates to the mid or late 11th century.{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=11}}{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}
== Eagráin
* {{cite book
|year=1848
|editor1-last=Todd
|editor1-first=James Henthorn
|editor1-link=James Henthorn Todd
|title=Leabhar Breathnach Annso Sis: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Irish Archaeological Society
| url = https://archive.org/details/leabharbreathnac00nennuoft
}}, ar CELT as: [https://celt.ucc.ie//published/G100028/index.html Gaeilge]
* {{cite book
|year=1937
|editor1-last=van Hamel
|editor1-first=A. G.
|editor1-link=A. G. van Hamel
|title=Lebor Bretnach: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum Ascribed to Nennius
|series=Irish Manuscripts Commission, Volume 5
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Oifig an tSoláthair
}}
== Féach freisin
* [[Nennius]] — a Welsh monk of the 9th century
* [[Frankish Table of Nations]] — a Latin source for the genealogies
== Foinsí
* {{citation
|last=Dooley
|first=Ann
|author-link=Ann Dooley
|date=2004
|title=Arthur of the Irish: A viable concept?
|journal=Arthurian Literature |volume=21
|pages=9–28
}}
* {{citation
|last=Evans
|first=Nicholas
|editor-last=Duffy
|editor-first=Sean |encyclopedia=Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
|title=Scottish influence
|year=2005
|publisher=Routledge
|location=Londain
|isbn=0415940524
|pages=699–700
}}
* {{citation
|url=http://www.historiabrittonum.net/?page_id=20
|title=Lebor Bretnach |last1=Fitzpatrick-Matthews |first1=Keith J.
|date=2007–2015
|website=Historia Brittonum
}}
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Litríocht na hÉireann]]
== Annales Dominicani de Roscoman ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
[[Íomhá:Roscommon_Priory_-_aerial_-_2024-12-27_01.jpg|thumb|'' Ruins of Roscommon Dominican Priory]]
The '''Dominican Annals of Roscommon''' ({{Lang|la|Annales Dominicani de Roscoman}}) is an [[Annála Éireannacha]], covering events, mainly in Connacht and its neighbouring regions, from 1163 to 1314, spanning the period of the [[Ionradh na Normannach ar Éirinn]] and the early part of [[Tiarnas na hÉireann]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://groups.io/g/Educator-Gold/topic/digital_humanities_digital/334356
| teideal=CELT Project: The Corpus of Electronic Texts
| suíomh=groups.io
}}</ref> It also mentions some matters to do with the [[na Doiminicigh]], [[An Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach] matters in general, and political relations with [[Ríocht Shasana]].<ref name=adrcelt>{{lua idirlín
|url=https://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/
|teideal=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman
|suíomh=celt.ucc.ie
}}</ref>
It was compiled in [[Laidin]] in [[Roscommon Dominican Priory]] (Blackfriars).<ref>Finn, R. (2023:10). ''The Dominicans in the British Isles and Beyond: A New History of the English Province of the Friars Preachers''. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.</ref> The abbey was founded by and supported by the [[Uí Chonchúir]] [[ríthe na gConnacht]]. Occasional examples of pro-O'Connor bias are noted: for example, the [[Blinding (punishment)|blinding]] of Muirchertach Ua Conchobair by his brother, the king [[Ruaidrí mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair|Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]], is not mentioned, and when the 1193 [[creachadh]] of the monastery on [[Inchcleraun]] is mentioned, it is attributed to [[Gilbert de Lacy]], whereas the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] mention that [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair]] was also responsible.<ref name=adrcelt/>
The largest part of the Annals are attributed to [[Odo O'Hanmerech]] (died in 1306).
The annals survive in a seventeenth-century manuscript that once belonged to [[James Ware]].
Among its notable entries are a mention of the drying-up of the River Galvia, apparently an early name for [[Abhainn na Gaillimhe]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://steemit.com/ireland/@harlotscurse/a-sova-potamoy-ekvolai
| teideal=Αὐσοβα Ποταμου Εκβολαι
| dáta=3ú Meán Fómhair 2018
| suíomh=Steemit
}}</ref>
== Féach freisin
* [[Annála Éireannacha]]
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Annála Éireannacha]]
{{síol-ie}}
== Inis Cloithrinn ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Séadchomhartha}}
91<ref>{{lua idirlín
| teideal=National Monuments of County Longford in State Care
| url = http://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-longford.pdf
| page=1
| suíomh=heritageireland.ie
| foilsitheoir=National Monument Service
| dátarochtana=2a Iúil 2020
}}</ref>
'''Inis Cloithrinn}})''', is an island situated in [[Lough Ree]] on the [[an tSionainn]], in central Ireland.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/inchcleraun-island/|title=Inchcleraun Island / Quaker Island - Longford -
|first=Michael
|last=Heraghty
|dáta=15ú Deireadh Fómhair 2004
|dátarochtana=22a Meitheamh 2016
|archive-date=8 August 2016
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808025929/http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/inchcleraun-island/
|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/environment-geography/physical-landscape/historical-features-of-co/islands/|title=Islands|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.earlychristianireland.net/Counties/longford/inchcleraun/|title=Inchcleraun (quaker island), County Longford|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.longfordtourism.ie/see-do/attractions/lough-ree/|title=Lough Ree|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newtowncashel.ie/inchclearaun-island.html|title=Inchclearaun Island - Newtowncashel - Co. Longford|publisher=}}</ref>
'' The island is home to the ruins of St. Diarmaid's Monastery, a [[monastery]] founded by [[Diarmaid the Just]] in AD 560. These buildings constitute a [[National Monument (Ireland)|National Monument]].
== An Inis
'' Inchcleraun is an island of {{Convert|57.7|ha|abbr=on}} located in the centre of [[Lough Ree]], with [[Knockcroghery]], County Roscommon to its west and [[Newtowncashel]], County Longford to its east..
[[File:Inchcleraun Monastery.jpg|thumb|Inchcleraun Monastery]]
== Stair
[[Íomhá:Myths and legends; the Celtic race (1910) (14596952367).jpg|thumb|'' "The Death of Maev" ([[T. W. Rolleston]], 1910); Forbay with [[sling (weapon)|sling]] in foreground, Medb bathing in the background.]]
'' The island takes its name from Irish for "[[Clothru]]'s Island". In [[Irish legend]], Clothru was a daughter of [[Eochu Feidlech]], then High King of Ireland. She became the Queen of Connacht after her father's death, and once owned the island. Her sister, [[Medb]], retired to Inchcleraun after Medb's husband [[Ailill mac Máta]] killed her lover [[Fergus mac Róich]]. One point is called ''Grianan Meva'' ("[[Medb]]'s sunny place"), and nearby is Innadmarfa Meva (''Ionad Marbhtha Meidhbhe'', "Place of Medb's death"), where she was killed by a stone thrown from [[Elfeet Castle]], on the Longford side of the lake. In other versions of the legend, it is a lump of cheese fired from a [[slingshot]] by a nephew of Clothru.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.longfordlibrary.ie/lib_arc_inside.aspx?id=15036|title=Longford Library|first=Longford|last=Library|publisher=}}</ref>
'' The name "Quaker Island" is more recent, and owes to the island being owned at one time by a [[Quakers|Quaker]]. The island is today owned by the Irish state.
== Tagairtí annálacha
*'''719''' St Sionnach of Inchcleraun died on 20 April.
*'''769''' Curoi, the son of Alniadh, Abbot and Sage of Inchcleraun, and of Caill Fochladha ([[Lough Derravaragh]]) in Meath died.
*'''780''' Eochaidh, the son of Focartach, Abbot of Fochladha and of Inchcleraun, died.
*'''1010''' The men of [[Kingdom of Munster|Munster]] plundered Inchcleraun and [[Inchbofin|Inis Bo-finne]]
*'''1050''' Inchcleraun was plundered.
*'''1087''' The fleet of the men of Munster, with [[Muirchertach Ua Briain]], sailed on the Shannon to Lough Ree and plundered the islands of the lake (inc. Inchcleraun)
*'''1136''' [[Áed Ua Finn]] (Hugh O'Flynn), the [[Bishop of Kilmore|Bishop of Bréifne]], died in Inchcleraun
*'''1141''' Giolla na Naomh Mac Fearghail, chief of the people of [[Annaly]] (''Angaile''), the most prosperous man in Ireland, died at a great age and was buried at Inchcleraun.
*'''1150''' Morogh, the son of the above, the tower of splendour and nobility in East [[Connacht]] died in Inchcleraun.
*'''1160''' Gilla na Naomh Ó Duinn, [[ollam]] of Inchcleraun, teacher of history and poetry sent his spirit to the Supreme Father amidst a choir of angels on the 17th day of December in the year of his 58th birthday.
*'''1167''' Cinaeth Ua Cethearnaigh, Priest of Inchcleraun died.
*'''1168''' Dubhcobhlach, the daughter of O'Quinn, wife of Mac Corgamna, died and was interred in Inchcleraun
*'''1170''' Diarmaid Ó Briain, [[Coarb]] of Comman, was chief senior of the east of Connaught, died in Inchcleraun in the 95th year of his age.
*'''1174''' Rory O'Carroll, Lord of [[Éile]], was slain in the middle of Inchcleraun
*'''1189''' It was at Inchcleraun on Lough Ree that the [[hostage]]s of [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair|O'Connor Maon-Moy]] were kept at the time.
*'''1193''' Inchcleraun was plundered by the sons of Costelloe and by the sons of O'Connor Maon-Moy
*'''1232''' Tiapraide O' Breen, Coarb of [[Coman mac Faelchon|Saint Coman]], an ecclesiastic learned in History and Law, died on his pilgrimage on the island of Inchcleraun
*'''1244''' Donnchad mac Fíngein Ó Conchobhair, who was the grandson of Hugh, son of Torlogh O'Connor, [[Bishop of Elphin]], died 23 April on Inchcleraun, and was interred in the [[Boyle Abbey|monastery of Boyle]].
== Foirgnimh
'' Between 800 and 1300 the island and its churches were repeatedly plundered and burned by invaders, so the buildings are in ruins today. Six of the island's churches are surrounded by an [[Enclosure (archaeology)|enclosure]] in the southeast corner of the island.
===Teampall Diarmada===
Teampall Diarmada is the monastery founded by Saint [[Diarmaid the Just]] (who was a teacher of [[Ciarán of Clonmacnoise]]) in 540 AD. This church once had a stone roof.<ref name=newtowncashel>{{cite web | url=http://www.newtowncashel.ie/inchclearaun-island.html | title=Inchclearaun Island - Newtowncashel - Co. Longford }}</ref>
===Teampall Mór===
Teampall Mór stands within four metres to the north of Teampall Diarmada. It consists of a single nave. Its plain masonry walls are in relatively good condition. There are two lancet windows at the east end, which are long, narrow and recessed. The windows on the south side have the appearance of later additions and are unsymmetrical. All traces of doors have vanished, but the opes, which have been arched and protected by the Board of Works, seem to indicate the position of a west door and an entrance on the north side to the cloister. An upper chamber exists.
The interior walls of the church were once plastered. The walls have lost their distinctive features of detail, except for the east window, which is similar in construction to that of the Teampall Clogas. The interior arch of the east window is circular, built of four stones. The exterior has only two stones forming a pointed arch.
There is the remains of an altar, built of rubble work but without the altar slab. The door in the south wall of the nave has a circular moulding. The north door is only a gap.
This church is situated a short distance to the south of the cluster of churches. It is more modern in appearance than any of the others. At the north-west corner is a more modern chamber with no visible entrance. Near this church, half buried with its face downward is a stone bearing incised on its surface a Celtic interlaced cross with an Irish inscription.<ref name=newtowncashel/>
===Templemurry===
Templemurry is the largest church on the island.<ref name=newtowncashel/> According to local lore, any woman who enters Templemurray will die within a year.
===Teampall Clogas===
Teampall Clogas is one of the churches, and stands alone at the highest point of the island.<ref name=newtowncashel/> It has a square [[bell tower]] ({{Langx|ga|clogas}}), which is attached to the main building. Most churches of this era had [[Irish round tower|round towers]], separate from the main building. It is located on the northern part of the island and is visible from the shoreline. On the plan the church is rectangular, being {{Convert|10.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} by {{Convert|5.1|m|ft|abbr=on}}.
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Islands of County Longford]]
[[Category:Uninhabited islands of Ireland]]
[[Category:River Shannon]]
[[Category:River islands of Ireland]]
[[Category:National monuments in County Longford]]
== Foclóireacht ==
# [[Foclóireacht na Gaeilge]]
# [[Leabharlann an Ard Easpaig Marsh]]=[[Leabharlann Marsh]]-
# [[foclóir.ie]]=[[focloir.ie]]
== An Féineachas ==
[[An Féineachas]] (agus/nó b'fhéidir [[Seanchas]] / [[Béaloideas]]).
Spreagtha ag ''[[:en:Wikipedia:Recent_additions/2025/March#8 March 2025|Recent additions, 8 March 2025]]''
''[https://dil.ie/34117 othrus]'' ≈ fulaingt tinnis/othrais.
Teimpléid;
* [[Teimpléad:WD Bosca Sonraí Doiciméad]]
* [[Teimpléad:efn]]
Nuashonraithe (lámhscríbhinní):
# [[Senchas Már]] (SM)
# [[Bechbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Bechbretha agus Coibes Uisci Thairdne|SM #21]])
# [[Bretha Crólige]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #33]])
# [[Críth Gablach]] (MacA)
# [[Gúbretha Caratniad]] ([[Bodleian Library]], [[Rawlinson B 502]])
As nua, iomlán:
# [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici]] (CIH)
# [[Sanas Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]] (MacA)
# [[Cethairṡlicht Athgabálae]] ([[Senchas Már#Cethairslicht Athgabálae|SM #2]])
# [[Sechtae]] ([[Senchas Már#Sechtae|SM #9]])
# [[Recholl Breth]] (SM #13)
# [[Bretha Déin Chécht]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #34]])
# [[Muirbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Clár ábhar|SM #38]])
# [[Anfuigell]] (m.s., CnaT, LS 1387; MacA)
# [[Berrad Airechta]] (CnaT, LS 1337)
# [[Bretha Étgid]] ([[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann|ARÉ]] LS 23 P 3)
# [[Cóic Conara Fugill]] (m.s., [[Uraicecht Becc]], [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Di Astud Chor]] (''via'' [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Mellbretha]] ([[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|CnaT]], LS 1363)
# [[Uí Lochlainn]]
# [[Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]]
# [[CnaT BÁC, LS 1317]], [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath, LS 1317]]
# [[Bóaire]]
# [[Coinmheadh is buannacht]]
# [[Brehon Law Commission]]
# [[Mac Aodhagáin]] → [[Mhic Aodhagáin]]
# [[John Lynch (Gratianus Lucius)]]
# [[Fearghas Ó Ceallaigh]]
# [[Leabharlann COBÁC]]
# [[Cathair Mhic Neachtain]]
# [[Thom McGinty]]
As nua, síolta:
# [[Dlí Ceilteach]]-
# [[Gabháil chine]]-
# [[Cyfraith Hywel]]-
# [[Galanas]]-
# [[Accessus ad auctores]]-
# [[Hapax legomenon]]-
# [[Robert Atkinson]]-
== Dlí luath na hÉireann ==
Fainic: sách fada, mionchúiseach agus as Béarla, mar bharr ar an donas.
The particular "[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/féineachas An] [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20Irish%20law/ Féineachas]" aside, I'm looking at the general phrase "early Irish law".
My dad was a fishmonger and was always careful to say about his produce "smoked Irish salmon" and not "Irish smoked salmon", if you see the difference.
Is it then "early law of ..." or "law of early ..."? Is "Irish" the language (surely not), the culture, the people or the nation, and in what period? Should "early" be translated as luath or moch? If luath, should it be "luath-" or "- luath"?
Given those options, "early Irish law" could be anything from "luathdhlí Gaelach" to "dlí na hÉireann moiche" and points in between. I favour the former.
Similarly, for "Celtic law" I favour "dlí Ceilteach", i.e., the culture not the people (the Celts, ... na gCeilteach).
Notes:
* Moch: cf. [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20modern%20irish/ Nua-Ghaeilge Mhoch] on téarma.ie
* "Irish": Gaelach, na nGael, Éireannach, na hÉireann?
* What about Welsh, English or Roman law?
{{Dlí luath na hÉireann}}
== Téamh domhanda ==
••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir
Ann cheana:
* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming
* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] ''Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy
'Cúis'eanna nua:
# [[Gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas
# [[Astaíocht charbóin]] '' Carbon emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]] '' Greenhouse gas emission due to agriculture
ei6rx5n4cfum2z4e55qsv3brrd9bczc
1269322
1269321
2025-06-09T21:59:43Z
Marcas.oduinn
33120
/* Inis Cloithrinn */
1269322
wikitext
text/x-wiki
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
== Litríocht ==
# [[Murúch]]-
# [[Tongu do dia toinges mo thúath]]-
# [[Remscéla]]=[[Réamhscéalta]]
# [[Bernhard Maier]]
# ''[[:en:Foraire Uladh ar Aodh|Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]'' - [[Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]
# ''[[:en:Lebor Bretnach|Lebor Bretnach]]'' - [[Lebor Bretnach]]=[[Leabhar Breatnach]]
# ''[[:en:Dominican Annals of Roscommon|Dominican Annals of Roscommon]]'' - [[Annála Doiminiceacha Ros Comáin]]
# ''[[:en:Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh|Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]'' - [[Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]
# ''[[:en:Ranna an aeir|Ranna an aeir]]'' - [[Ranna an aeir]]
# ''[[:en:Irish Astronomical Tract|Irish Astronomical Tract]]'' - [[]]
== Lebor Bretnach ==
{{tl|teideal iodálach}}
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
'''''Lebor Bretnach''''', [[Irish orthography]] '''''Leabhar Breathnach''''' and sometimes known as the '''Irish Nennius''', is an 11th-century historical work in [[teangacha Gaelacha]], largely consisting of a translation of the ''[[Historia Brittonum]]''. It may have originated in Scotland, although it has traditionally been attributed to the Irish poet [[Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde|Gilla Cóemáin]].
== Lámhscríbhinní
''Lebor Bretnach'' exists in five manuscripts:
* '''U'''. Baile Átha Cliath, [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]], MS 23 E 25 (1229). A 12th-century fragment in the ''[[Lebor na hUidre|Leabhar na hUidhre]]''.
* '''B'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 12 (536). A 14th-century manuscript known as the ''[[Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta]]''.
* '''H'''. BÁC, [[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|Coláiste na Tríonóide]], MS H. 3. 17. Probably written in the 14th or early 15th century.
* '''M'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS Stowe D ii 1. Known as the ''[[Leabhar Ua Maine|Leabhar Uí Mhaine]]'', written before 1423.
* '''L'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 2 (535) agus BÁC, CnaT, MS H. 2. 17, Iml. 2 (1319). Known as the ''[[Leabhar Mór Leacáin]]'', written c. 1417.{{sfn|Todd|1848|p=viii}}
== Ábhair
''Lebor Bretnach'' is a translation of a 9th-century historical collection purportedly written by Nennius, the ''Historia Brittonum'', but not an entirely literal one. It only summarises the ''Historia Brittonum'' where that work deals with specifically Gaelic matters already familiar to scholars in Ireland and Scotland, and in some other passages it includes additional material taken from, for example, the ''[[Sex Aetates Mundi (Meán-Ghaeilge)|Sex Aetates Mundi]]'', [[Bede]]'s ''[[Ecclesiastical History of the English People|Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum]]'', and a [[na Cruithnigh|Pictish]] king-list.{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=13}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}}
== Údair agus dáta
In two manuscripts of ''Lebor Bretnach'', '''H''' and '''M''', the translation is ascribed to the poet Gilla Cóemáin (fl. 1071/2).{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} This ascription is now in doubt,{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}} and the historian [[Thomas Owen Clancy]] has suggested that ''Lebor Bretnach'' was instead only intended to be dedicated to Gilla Cóemáin.{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} Traditionally there had been an assumption that the translation had been an Irish work, but Clancy has argued for a Scottish provenance, suggesting an origin at [[Abernethy, Perth and Kinross|Abernethy]], though probably intended for an Irish readership that had perhaps become interested in Scottish literature and history as a result of the military success and prestige of the [[Kingdom of Alba]].{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=700}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clancy |first1=Thomas Owen |year=2000 |chapter=Scotland, the "Nennian" recension of the ''Historia Brittonum'', and the ''Lebor Bretnach'' |editor1-last=Taylor |editor1-first=Simon |title=Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland 500–1297: Essays in Honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the Occasion of her Ninetieth Birthday |location=Dublin |publisher=Four Courts Press |pages=87–107 |isbn=1851825169 }}</ref> It is generally agreed that ''Lebor Bretnach'' dates to the mid or late 11th century.{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=11}}{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}
== Eagráin
* {{cite book
|year=1848
|editor1-last=Todd
|editor1-first=James Henthorn
|editor1-link=James Henthorn Todd
|title=Leabhar Breathnach Annso Sis: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Irish Archaeological Society
| url = https://archive.org/details/leabharbreathnac00nennuoft
}}, ar CELT as: [https://celt.ucc.ie//published/G100028/index.html Gaeilge]
* {{cite book
|year=1937
|editor1-last=van Hamel
|editor1-first=A. G.
|editor1-link=A. G. van Hamel
|title=Lebor Bretnach: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum Ascribed to Nennius
|series=Irish Manuscripts Commission, Volume 5
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Oifig an tSoláthair
}}
== Féach freisin
* [[Nennius]] — a Welsh monk of the 9th century
* [[Frankish Table of Nations]] — a Latin source for the genealogies
== Foinsí
* {{citation
|last=Dooley
|first=Ann
|author-link=Ann Dooley
|date=2004
|title=Arthur of the Irish: A viable concept?
|journal=Arthurian Literature |volume=21
|pages=9–28
}}
* {{citation
|last=Evans
|first=Nicholas
|editor-last=Duffy
|editor-first=Sean |encyclopedia=Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
|title=Scottish influence
|year=2005
|publisher=Routledge
|location=Londain
|isbn=0415940524
|pages=699–700
}}
* {{citation
|url=http://www.historiabrittonum.net/?page_id=20
|title=Lebor Bretnach |last1=Fitzpatrick-Matthews |first1=Keith J.
|date=2007–2015
|website=Historia Brittonum
}}
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Litríocht na hÉireann]]
== Annales Dominicani de Roscoman ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
[[Íomhá:Roscommon_Priory_-_aerial_-_2024-12-27_01.jpg|thumb|'' Ruins of Roscommon Dominican Priory]]
The '''Dominican Annals of Roscommon''' ({{Lang|la|Annales Dominicani de Roscoman}}) is an [[Annála Éireannacha]], covering events, mainly in Connacht and its neighbouring regions, from 1163 to 1314, spanning the period of the [[Ionradh na Normannach ar Éirinn]] and the early part of [[Tiarnas na hÉireann]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://groups.io/g/Educator-Gold/topic/digital_humanities_digital/334356
| teideal=CELT Project: The Corpus of Electronic Texts
| suíomh=groups.io
}}</ref> It also mentions some matters to do with the [[na Doiminicigh]], [[An Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach] matters in general, and political relations with [[Ríocht Shasana]].<ref name=adrcelt>{{lua idirlín
|url=https://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/
|teideal=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman
|suíomh=celt.ucc.ie
}}</ref>
It was compiled in [[Laidin]] in [[Roscommon Dominican Priory]] (Blackfriars).<ref>Finn, R. (2023:10). ''The Dominicans in the British Isles and Beyond: A New History of the English Province of the Friars Preachers''. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.</ref> The abbey was founded by and supported by the [[Uí Chonchúir]] [[ríthe na gConnacht]]. Occasional examples of pro-O'Connor bias are noted: for example, the [[Blinding (punishment)|blinding]] of Muirchertach Ua Conchobair by his brother, the king [[Ruaidrí mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair|Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]], is not mentioned, and when the 1193 [[creachadh]] of the monastery on [[Inchcleraun]] is mentioned, it is attributed to [[Gilbert de Lacy]], whereas the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] mention that [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair]] was also responsible.<ref name=adrcelt/>
The largest part of the Annals are attributed to [[Odo O'Hanmerech]] (died in 1306).
The annals survive in a seventeenth-century manuscript that once belonged to [[James Ware]].
Among its notable entries are a mention of the drying-up of the River Galvia, apparently an early name for [[Abhainn na Gaillimhe]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://steemit.com/ireland/@harlotscurse/a-sova-potamoy-ekvolai
| teideal=Αὐσοβα Ποταμου Εκβολαι
| dáta=3ú Meán Fómhair 2018
| suíomh=Steemit
}}</ref>
== Féach freisin
* [[Annála Éireannacha]]
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Annála Éireannacha]]
{{síol-ie}}
== Inis Cloithrinn ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Séadchomhartha}}
91<ref>{{lua idirlín
| teideal=National Monuments of County Longford in State Care
| url = http://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-longford.pdf
| page=1
| suíomh=heritageireland.ie
| foilsitheoir=National Monument Service
| dátarochtana=2a Iúil 2020
}}</ref>
'' '''Inis Cloithrinn''', is an island situated in [[Loch Rí]] on the [[an tSionainn]], in central Ireland.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/inchcleraun-island/
| teideal=Inchcleraun Island / Quaker Island - Longford -
| ainm=Michael
| Aoine=Heraghty
| dáta=15ú Deireadh Fómhair 2004
| dátarochtana=22a Meitheamh 2016
| archive-date=8ú Lúnasa 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160808025929/http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/inchcleraun-island/
| url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/environment-geography/physical-landscape/historical-features-of-co/islands/
| teideal=Islands
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.earlychristianireland.net/Counties/longford/inchcleraun/
| teideal=Inchcleraun (quaker island), County Longford
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.longfordtourism.ie/see-do/attractions/lough-ree/
| teideal=Lough Ree
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.newtowncashel.ie/inchclearaun-island.html
| teideal=Inchclearaun Island - Newtowncashel - Co. Longford
}}</ref>
'' The island is home to the ruins of St. Diarmaid's Monastery, a [[mainistir]] founded by [[Diarmaid the Just]] in AD 560. These buildings constitute a [[Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]].
== An Inis
'' Inchcleraun is an island of {{Convert|57.7|ha|abbr=on}} located in the centre of [[Lough Ree]], with [[Knockcroghery]], County Roscommon to its west and [[Newtowncashel]], County Longford to its east..
[[File:Inchcleraun Monastery.jpg|thumb|Inchcleraun Monastery]]
== Stair
[[Íomhá:Myths and legends; the Celtic race (1910) (14596952367).jpg|thumb|'' "The Death of Maev" ([[T. W. Rolleston]], 1910); Forbay with [[sling (weapon)|sling]] in foreground, Medb bathing in the background.]]
'' The island takes its name from Irish for "[[Clothru]]'s Island". In [[Irish legend]], Clothru was a daughter of [[Eochu Feidlech]], then High King of Ireland. She became the Queen of Connacht after her father's death, and once owned the island. Her sister, [[Medb]], retired to Inchcleraun after Medb's husband [[Ailill mac Máta]] killed her lover [[Fergus mac Róich]]. One point is called ''Grianan Meva'' ("[[Medb]]'s sunny place"), and nearby is Innadmarfa Meva (''Ionad Marbhtha Meidhbhe'', "Place of Medb's death"), where she was killed by a stone thrown from [[Elfeet Castle]], on the Longford side of the lake. In other versions of the legend, it is a lump of cheese fired from a [[slingshot]] by a nephew of Clothru.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.longfordlibrary.ie/lib_arc_inside.aspx?id=15036
| teideal=Longford Library
| ainm=Longford
| sloinne=Library
}}</ref>
'' The name "Quaker Island" is more recent, and owes to the island being owned at one time by a [[Quakers|Quaker]]. The island is today owned by the Irish state.
== Tagairtí annálacha
*'''719''' St Sionnach of Inchcleraun died on 20 April.
*'''769''' Curoi, the son of Alniadh, Abbot and Sage of Inchcleraun, and of Caill Fochladha ([[Lough Derravaragh]]) in Meath died.
*'''780''' Eochaidh, the son of Focartach, Abbot of Fochladha and of Inchcleraun, died.
*'''1010''' The men of [[Kingdom of Munster|Munster]] plundered Inchcleraun and [[Inchbofin|Inis Bo-finne]]
*'''1050''' Inchcleraun was plundered.
*'''1087''' The fleet of the men of Munster, with [[Muirchertach Ua Briain]], sailed on the Shannon to Lough Ree and plundered the islands of the lake (inc. Inchcleraun)
*'''1136''' [[Áed Ua Finn]] (Hugh O'Flynn), the [[Bishop of Kilmore|Bishop of Bréifne]], died in Inchcleraun
*'''1141''' Giolla na Naomh Mac Fearghail, chief of the people of [[Annaly]] (''Angaile''), the most prosperous man in Ireland, died at a great age and was buried at Inchcleraun.
*'''1150''' Morogh, the son of the above, the tower of splendour and nobility in East [[Connacht]] died in Inchcleraun.
*'''1160''' Gilla na Naomh Ó Duinn, [[ollam]] of Inchcleraun, teacher of history and poetry sent his spirit to the Supreme Father amidst a choir of angels on the 17th day of December in the year of his 58th birthday.
*'''1167''' Cinaeth Ua Cethearnaigh, Priest of Inchcleraun died.
*'''1168''' Dubhcobhlach, the daughter of O'Quinn, wife of Mac Corgamna, died and was interred in Inchcleraun
*'''1170''' Diarmaid Ó Briain, [[Coarb]] of Comman, was chief senior of the east of Connaught, died in Inchcleraun in the 95th year of his age.
*'''1174''' Rory O'Carroll, Lord of [[Éile]], was slain in the middle of Inchcleraun
*'''1189''' It was at Inchcleraun on Lough Ree that the [[hostage]]s of [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair|O'Connor Maon-Moy]] were kept at the time.
*'''1193''' Inchcleraun was plundered by the sons of Costelloe and by the sons of O'Connor Maon-Moy
*'''1232''' Tiapraide O' Breen, Coarb of [[Coman mac Faelchon|Saint Coman]], an ecclesiastic learned in History and Law, died on his pilgrimage on the island of Inchcleraun
*'''1244''' Donnchad mac Fíngein Ó Conchobhair, who was the grandson of Hugh, son of Torlogh O'Connor, [[Bishop of Elphin]], died 23 April on Inchcleraun, and was interred in the [[Boyle Abbey|monastery of Boyle]].
== Foirgnimh
'' Between 800 and 1300 the island and its churches were repeatedly plundered and burned by invaders, so the buildings are in ruins today. Six of the island's churches are surrounded by an [[Enclosure (archaeology)|enclosure]] in the southeast corner of the island.
=== Teampall Diarmada
'' Teampall Diarmada is the monastery founded by Saint [[Diarmaid the Just]] (who was a teacher of [[Ciarán of Clonmacnoise]]) in 540 AD. This church once had a stone roof.<ref name=newtowncashel>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.newtowncashel.ie/inchclearaun-island.html
| teideal=Inchclearaun Island - Newtowncashel - Co. Longford
}}</ref>
=== Teampall Mór
'' Teampall Mór stands within four metres to the north of Teampall Diarmada. It consists of a single nave. Its plain masonry walls are in relatively good condition. There are two lancet windows at the east end, which are long, narrow and recessed. The windows on the south side have the appearance of later additions and are unsymmetrical. All traces of doors have vanished, but the opes, which have been arched and protected by the Board of Works, seem to indicate the position of a west door and an entrance on the north side to the cloister. An upper chamber exists.
'' The interior walls of the church were once plastered. The walls have lost their distinctive features of detail, except for the east window, which is similar in construction to that of the Teampall Clogas. The interior arch of the east window is circular, built of four stones. The exterior has only two stones forming a pointed arch.
'' There is the remains of an altar, built of rubble work but without the altar slab. The door in the south wall of the nave has a circular moulding. The north door is only a gap.
'' This church is situated a short distance to the south of the cluster of churches. It is more modern in appearance than any of the others. At the north-west corner is a more modern chamber with no visible entrance. Near this church, half buried with its face downward is a stone bearing incised on its surface a Celtic interlaced cross with an Irish inscription.<ref name=newtowncashel/>
=== Templemurry
'' Templemurry is the largest church on the island.<ref name=newtowncashel/> According to local lore, any woman who enters Templemurray will die within a year.
=== Teampall Clogas
'' Teampall Clogas is one of the churches, and stands alone at the highest point of the island.<ref name=newtowncashel/> It has a square [[clogas]], which is attached to the main building. Most churches of this era had [[Irish round tower|round towers]], separate from the main building. It is located on the northern part of the island and is visible from the shoreline. On the plan the church is rectangular, being {{Convert|10.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} by {{Convert|5.1|m|ft|abbr=on}}.
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]]
== Foclóireacht ==
# [[Foclóireacht na Gaeilge]]
# [[Leabharlann an Ard Easpaig Marsh]]=[[Leabharlann Marsh]]-
# [[foclóir.ie]]=[[focloir.ie]]
== An Féineachas ==
[[An Féineachas]] (agus/nó b'fhéidir [[Seanchas]] / [[Béaloideas]]).
Spreagtha ag ''[[:en:Wikipedia:Recent_additions/2025/March#8 March 2025|Recent additions, 8 March 2025]]''
''[https://dil.ie/34117 othrus]'' ≈ fulaingt tinnis/othrais.
Teimpléid;
* [[Teimpléad:WD Bosca Sonraí Doiciméad]]
* [[Teimpléad:efn]]
Nuashonraithe (lámhscríbhinní):
# [[Senchas Már]] (SM)
# [[Bechbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Bechbretha agus Coibes Uisci Thairdne|SM #21]])
# [[Bretha Crólige]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #33]])
# [[Críth Gablach]] (MacA)
# [[Gúbretha Caratniad]] ([[Bodleian Library]], [[Rawlinson B 502]])
As nua, iomlán:
# [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici]] (CIH)
# [[Sanas Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]] (MacA)
# [[Cethairṡlicht Athgabálae]] ([[Senchas Már#Cethairslicht Athgabálae|SM #2]])
# [[Sechtae]] ([[Senchas Már#Sechtae|SM #9]])
# [[Recholl Breth]] (SM #13)
# [[Bretha Déin Chécht]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #34]])
# [[Muirbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Clár ábhar|SM #38]])
# [[Anfuigell]] (m.s., CnaT, LS 1387; MacA)
# [[Berrad Airechta]] (CnaT, LS 1337)
# [[Bretha Étgid]] ([[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann|ARÉ]] LS 23 P 3)
# [[Cóic Conara Fugill]] (m.s., [[Uraicecht Becc]], [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Di Astud Chor]] (''via'' [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Mellbretha]] ([[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|CnaT]], LS 1363)
# [[Uí Lochlainn]]
# [[Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]]
# [[CnaT BÁC, LS 1317]], [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath, LS 1317]]
# [[Bóaire]]
# [[Coinmheadh is buannacht]]
# [[Brehon Law Commission]]
# [[Mac Aodhagáin]] → [[Mhic Aodhagáin]]
# [[John Lynch (Gratianus Lucius)]]
# [[Fearghas Ó Ceallaigh]]
# [[Leabharlann COBÁC]]
# [[Cathair Mhic Neachtain]]
# [[Thom McGinty]]
As nua, síolta:
# [[Dlí Ceilteach]]-
# [[Gabháil chine]]-
# [[Cyfraith Hywel]]-
# [[Galanas]]-
# [[Accessus ad auctores]]-
# [[Hapax legomenon]]-
# [[Robert Atkinson]]-
== Dlí luath na hÉireann ==
Fainic: sách fada, mionchúiseach agus as Béarla, mar bharr ar an donas.
The particular "[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/féineachas An] [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20Irish%20law/ Féineachas]" aside, I'm looking at the general phrase "early Irish law".
My dad was a fishmonger and was always careful to say about his produce "smoked Irish salmon" and not "Irish smoked salmon", if you see the difference.
Is it then "early law of ..." or "law of early ..."? Is "Irish" the language (surely not), the culture, the people or the nation, and in what period? Should "early" be translated as luath or moch? If luath, should it be "luath-" or "- luath"?
Given those options, "early Irish law" could be anything from "luathdhlí Gaelach" to "dlí na hÉireann moiche" and points in between. I favour the former.
Similarly, for "Celtic law" I favour "dlí Ceilteach", i.e., the culture not the people (the Celts, ... na gCeilteach).
Notes:
* Moch: cf. [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20modern%20irish/ Nua-Ghaeilge Mhoch] on téarma.ie
* "Irish": Gaelach, na nGael, Éireannach, na hÉireann?
* What about Welsh, English or Roman law?
{{Dlí luath na hÉireann}}
== Téamh domhanda ==
••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir
Ann cheana:
* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming
* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] ''Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy
'Cúis'eanna nua:
# [[Gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas
# [[Astaíocht charbóin]] '' Carbon emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]] '' Greenhouse gas emission due to agriculture
9z1dzc383ir8je9n8jykkpk2j4jjg5c
1269347
1269322
2025-06-10T08:43:46Z
Marcas.oduinn
33120
/* Inis Cloithrinn */
1269347
wikitext
text/x-wiki
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
== Litríocht ==
# [[Murúch]]-
# [[Tongu do dia toinges mo thúath]]-
# [[Remscéla]]=[[Réamhscéalta]]
# [[Bernhard Maier]]
# ''[[:en:Foraire Uladh ar Aodh|Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]'' - [[Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]
# ''[[:en:Lebor Bretnach|Lebor Bretnach]]'' - [[Lebor Bretnach]]=[[Leabhar Breatnach]]
# ''[[:en:Dominican Annals of Roscommon|Dominican Annals of Roscommon]]'' - [[Annála Doiminiceacha Ros Comáin]]
# ''[[:en:Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh|Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]'' - [[Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]
# ''[[:en:Ranna an aeir|Ranna an aeir]]'' - [[Ranna an aeir]]
# ''[[:en:Irish Astronomical Tract|Irish Astronomical Tract]]'' - [[]]
== Lebor Bretnach ==
{{tl|teideal iodálach}}
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
'''''Lebor Bretnach''''', [[Irish orthography]] '''''Leabhar Breathnach''''' and sometimes known as the '''Irish Nennius''', is an 11th-century historical work in [[teangacha Gaelacha]], largely consisting of a translation of the ''[[Historia Brittonum]]''. It may have originated in Scotland, although it has traditionally been attributed to the Irish poet [[Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde|Gilla Cóemáin]].
== Lámhscríbhinní
''Lebor Bretnach'' exists in five manuscripts:
* '''U'''. Baile Átha Cliath, [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]], MS 23 E 25 (1229). A 12th-century fragment in the ''[[Lebor na hUidre|Leabhar na hUidhre]]''.
* '''B'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 12 (536). A 14th-century manuscript known as the ''[[Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta]]''.
* '''H'''. BÁC, [[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|Coláiste na Tríonóide]], MS H. 3. 17. Probably written in the 14th or early 15th century.
* '''M'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS Stowe D ii 1. Known as the ''[[Leabhar Ua Maine|Leabhar Uí Mhaine]]'', written before 1423.
* '''L'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 2 (535) agus BÁC, CnaT, MS H. 2. 17, Iml. 2 (1319). Known as the ''[[Leabhar Mór Leacáin]]'', written c. 1417.{{sfn|Todd|1848|p=viii}}
== Ábhair
''Lebor Bretnach'' is a translation of a 9th-century historical collection purportedly written by Nennius, the ''Historia Brittonum'', but not an entirely literal one. It only summarises the ''Historia Brittonum'' where that work deals with specifically Gaelic matters already familiar to scholars in Ireland and Scotland, and in some other passages it includes additional material taken from, for example, the ''[[Sex Aetates Mundi (Meán-Ghaeilge)|Sex Aetates Mundi]]'', [[Bede]]'s ''[[Ecclesiastical History of the English People|Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum]]'', and a [[na Cruithnigh|Pictish]] king-list.{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=13}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}}
== Údair agus dáta
In two manuscripts of ''Lebor Bretnach'', '''H''' and '''M''', the translation is ascribed to the poet Gilla Cóemáin (fl. 1071/2).{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} This ascription is now in doubt,{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}} and the historian [[Thomas Owen Clancy]] has suggested that ''Lebor Bretnach'' was instead only intended to be dedicated to Gilla Cóemáin.{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} Traditionally there had been an assumption that the translation had been an Irish work, but Clancy has argued for a Scottish provenance, suggesting an origin at [[Abernethy, Perth and Kinross|Abernethy]], though probably intended for an Irish readership that had perhaps become interested in Scottish literature and history as a result of the military success and prestige of the [[Kingdom of Alba]].{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=700}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clancy |first1=Thomas Owen |year=2000 |chapter=Scotland, the "Nennian" recension of the ''Historia Brittonum'', and the ''Lebor Bretnach'' |editor1-last=Taylor |editor1-first=Simon |title=Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland 500–1297: Essays in Honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the Occasion of her Ninetieth Birthday |location=Dublin |publisher=Four Courts Press |pages=87–107 |isbn=1851825169 }}</ref> It is generally agreed that ''Lebor Bretnach'' dates to the mid or late 11th century.{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=11}}{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}
== Eagráin
* {{cite book
|year=1848
|editor1-last=Todd
|editor1-first=James Henthorn
|editor1-link=James Henthorn Todd
|title=Leabhar Breathnach Annso Sis: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Irish Archaeological Society
| url = https://archive.org/details/leabharbreathnac00nennuoft
}}, ar CELT as: [https://celt.ucc.ie//published/G100028/index.html Gaeilge]
* {{cite book
|year=1937
|editor1-last=van Hamel
|editor1-first=A. G.
|editor1-link=A. G. van Hamel
|title=Lebor Bretnach: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum Ascribed to Nennius
|series=Irish Manuscripts Commission, Volume 5
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Oifig an tSoláthair
}}
== Féach freisin
* [[Nennius]] — a Welsh monk of the 9th century
* [[Frankish Table of Nations]] — a Latin source for the genealogies
== Foinsí
* {{citation
|last=Dooley
|first=Ann
|author-link=Ann Dooley
|date=2004
|title=Arthur of the Irish: A viable concept?
|journal=Arthurian Literature |volume=21
|pages=9–28
}}
* {{citation
|last=Evans
|first=Nicholas
|editor-last=Duffy
|editor-first=Sean |encyclopedia=Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
|title=Scottish influence
|year=2005
|publisher=Routledge
|location=Londain
|isbn=0415940524
|pages=699–700
}}
* {{citation
|url=http://www.historiabrittonum.net/?page_id=20
|title=Lebor Bretnach |last1=Fitzpatrick-Matthews |first1=Keith J.
|date=2007–2015
|website=Historia Brittonum
}}
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Litríocht na hÉireann]]
== Annales Dominicani de Roscoman ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
[[Íomhá:Roscommon_Priory_-_aerial_-_2024-12-27_01.jpg|thumb|'' Ruins of Roscommon Dominican Priory]]
The '''Dominican Annals of Roscommon''' ({{Lang|la|Annales Dominicani de Roscoman}}) is an [[Annála Éireannacha]], covering events, mainly in Connacht and its neighbouring regions, from 1163 to 1314, spanning the period of the [[Ionradh na Normannach ar Éirinn]] and the early part of [[Tiarnas na hÉireann]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://groups.io/g/Educator-Gold/topic/digital_humanities_digital/334356
| teideal=CELT Project: The Corpus of Electronic Texts
| suíomh=groups.io
}}</ref> It also mentions some matters to do with the [[na Doiminicigh]], [[An Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach] matters in general, and political relations with [[Ríocht Shasana]].<ref name=adrcelt>{{lua idirlín
|url=https://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/
|teideal=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman
|suíomh=celt.ucc.ie
}}</ref>
It was compiled in [[Laidin]] in [[Roscommon Dominican Priory]] (Blackfriars).<ref>Finn, R. (2023:10). ''The Dominicans in the British Isles and Beyond: A New History of the English Province of the Friars Preachers''. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.</ref> The abbey was founded by and supported by the [[Uí Chonchúir]] [[ríthe na gConnacht]]. Occasional examples of pro-O'Connor bias are noted: for example, the [[Blinding (punishment)|blinding]] of Muirchertach Ua Conchobair by his brother, the king [[Ruaidrí mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair|Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]], is not mentioned, and when the 1193 [[creachadh]] of the monastery on [[Inchcleraun]] is mentioned, it is attributed to [[Gilbert de Lacy]], whereas the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] mention that [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair]] was also responsible.<ref name=adrcelt/>
The largest part of the Annals are attributed to [[Odo O'Hanmerech]] (died in 1306).
The annals survive in a seventeenth-century manuscript that once belonged to [[James Ware]].
Among its notable entries are a mention of the drying-up of the River Galvia, apparently an early name for [[Abhainn na Gaillimhe]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://steemit.com/ireland/@harlotscurse/a-sova-potamoy-ekvolai
| teideal=Αὐσοβα Ποταμου Εκβολαι
| dáta=3ú Meán Fómhair 2018
| suíomh=Steemit
}}</ref>
== Féach freisin
* [[Annála Éireannacha]]
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Annála Éireannacha]]
{{síol-ie}}
== Inis Cloithrinn ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Séadchomhartha}}
91<ref>{{lua idirlín
| teideal=National Monuments of County Longford in State Care
| url = http://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-longford.pdf
| page=1
| suíomh=heritageireland.ie
| foilsitheoir=National Monument Service
| dátarochtana=2a Iúil 2020
}}</ref>
'' '''Inis Cloithrinn''', is an island situated in [[Loch Rí]] on the [[an tSionainn]], in central Ireland.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/inchcleraun-island/
| teideal=Inchcleraun Island / Quaker Island - Longford -
| ainm=Michael
| Aoine=Heraghty
| dáta=15ú Deireadh Fómhair 2004
| dátarochtana=22a Meitheamh 2016
| archive-date=8ú Lúnasa 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160808025929/http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/inchcleraun-island/
| url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/environment-geography/physical-landscape/historical-features-of-co/islands/
| teideal=Islands
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.earlychristianireland.net/Counties/longford/inchcleraun/
| teideal=Inchcleraun (quaker island), County Longford
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.longfordtourism.ie/see-do/attractions/lough-ree/
| teideal=Lough Ree
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.newtowncashel.ie/inchclearaun-island.html
| teideal=Inchclearaun Island - Newtowncashel - Co. Longford
}}</ref>
'' The island is home to the ruins of St. Diarmaid's Monastery, a [[mainistir]] founded by [[Diarmaid the Just]] in AD 560. These buildings constitute a [[Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]].
== An Inis
'' Inis Cloithrinn is an island of {{Convert|57.7|ha|abbr=on}} located in the centre of [[Loch Rí]], with [[Cnoc an Chrochaire]], Contae Ros Comáin to its west and [[Baile Nua an Chaisil]], Contae Longfoirt to its east.
[[Íomhá:Inchcleraun Monastery.jpg|thumb|Mainister Inis Cloithrinn]]
== Stair
'' The island takes its name from Irish for "[[Cloithre]]'s Island". In [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], Clothru was a daughter of [[Eochaid Feidlech]], then [[ardrí na hÉireann]]. She became the Queen of Connacht after her father's death, and once owned the island. Her sister, [[Medb]], retired to Inchcleraun after Medb's husband [[Ailill mac Máta]] killed her lover [[Fergus mac Róich]]. One point is called '' Grianán Maebha '', and nearby is ''Ionad Marbhtha Meidhbhe'', where she was killed by a stone thrown from [[Elfeet Castle]], on the Longford side of the lake. In other versions of the legend, it is a lump of cheese fired from a [[slingshot]] by a nephew of Clothru.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.longfordlibrary.ie/lib_arc_inside.aspx?id=15036
| teideal=Longford Library
| ainm=Longford
| sloinne=Library
}}</ref>
[[Íomhá:Myths and legends; the Celtic race (1910) (14596952367).jpg|thumb|'' "The Death of Maev" ([[T. W. Rolleston]], 1910); Forbay with [[sling (weapon)|sling]] in foreground, Medb bathing in the background.]]
'' The name "Quaker Island" is more recent, and owes to the island being owned at one time by [[Cumann na gCarad|Caecar]]. The island is today owned by the Irish state.
== Tagairtí annálacha ==
*'''719''' St Sionnach of Inchcleraun died on 20 April.
*'''769''' Curoi, the son of Alniadh, Abbot and Sage of Inchcleraun, and of Caill Fochladha ([[Lough Derravaragh]]) in Meath died.
*'''780''' Eochaidh, the son of Focartach, Abbot of Fochladha and of Inchcleraun, died.
*'''1010''' The men of [[Kingdom of Munster|Munster]] plundered Inchcleraun and [[Inchbofin|Inis Bo-finne]]
*'''1050''' Inchcleraun was plundered.
*'''1087''' The fleet of the men of Munster, with [[Muirchertach Ua Briain]], sailed on the Shannon to Lough Ree and plundered the islands of the lake (inc. Inchcleraun)
*'''1136''' [[Áed Ua Finn]] (Hugh O'Flynn), the [[Bishop of Kilmore|Bishop of Bréifne]], died in Inchcleraun
*'''1141''' Giolla na Naomh Mac Fearghail, chief of the people of [[Annaly]] (''Angaile''), the most prosperous man in Ireland, died at a great age and was buried at Inchcleraun.
*'''1150''' Morogh, the son of the above, the tower of splendour and nobility in East [[Connacht]] died in Inchcleraun.
*'''1160''' Gilla na Naomh Ó Duinn, [[ollam]] of Inchcleraun, teacher of history and poetry sent his spirit to the Supreme Father amidst a choir of angels on the 17th day of December in the year of his 58th birthday.
*'''1167''' Cinaeth Ua Cethearnaigh, Priest of Inchcleraun died.
*'''1168''' Dubhcobhlach, the daughter of O'Quinn, wife of Mac Corgamna, died and was interred in Inchcleraun
*'''1170''' Diarmaid Ó Briain, [[Coarb]] of Comman, was chief senior of the east of Connaught, died in Inchcleraun in the 95th year of his age.
*'''1174''' Rory O'Carroll, Lord of [[Éile]], was slain in the middle of Inchcleraun
*'''1189''' It was at Inchcleraun on Lough Ree that the [[hostage]]s of [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair|O'Connor Maon-Moy]] were kept at the time.
*'''1193''' Inchcleraun was plundered by the sons of Costelloe and by the sons of O'Connor Maon-Moy
*'''1232''' Tiapraide O' Breen, Coarb of [[Coman mac Faelchon|Saint Coman]], an ecclesiastic learned in History and Law, died on his pilgrimage on the island of Inchcleraun
*'''1244''' Donnchad mac Fíngein Ó Conchobhair, who was the grandson of Hugh, son of Torlogh O'Connor, [[Bishop of Elphin]], died 23 April on Inchcleraun, and was interred in the [[Boyle Abbey|monastery of Boyle]].
== Foirgnimh ==
'' Between 800 and 1300 the island and its churches were repeatedly plundered and burned by invaders, so the buildings are in ruins today. Six of the island's churches are surrounded by an [[Enclosure (archaeology)|enclosure]] in the southeast corner of the island.
=== Teampall Diarmada
'' Teampall Diarmada is the monastery founded by Saint [[Diarmaid the Just]] (who was a teacher of [[Ciarán of Clonmacnoise]]) in 540 AD. This church once had a stone roof.<ref name=newtowncashel>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.newtowncashel.ie/inchclearaun-island.html
| teideal=Inchclearaun Island - Newtowncashel - Co. Longford
}}</ref>
=== Teampall Mór
'' Teampall Mór stands within four metres to the north of Teampall Diarmada. It consists of a single nave. Its plain masonry walls are in relatively good condition. There are two lancet windows at the east end, which are long, narrow and recessed. The windows on the south side have the appearance of later additions and are unsymmetrical. All traces of doors have vanished, but the opes, which have been arched and protected by the Board of Works, seem to indicate the position of a west door and an entrance on the north side to the cloister. An upper chamber exists.
'' The interior walls of the church were once plastered. The walls have lost their distinctive features of detail, except for the east window, which is similar in construction to that of the Teampall Clogas. The interior arch of the east window is circular, built of four stones. The exterior has only two stones forming a pointed arch.
'' There is the remains of an altar, built of rubble work but without the altar slab. The door in the south wall of the nave has a circular moulding. The north door is only a gap.
'' This church is situated a short distance to the south of the cluster of churches. It is more modern in appearance than any of the others. At the north-west corner is a more modern chamber with no visible entrance. Near this church, half buried with its face downward is a stone bearing incised on its surface a Celtic interlaced cross with an Irish inscription.<ref name=newtowncashel/>
=== Templemurry
'' Templemurry is the largest church on the island.<ref name=newtowncashel/> According to local lore, any woman who enters Templemurray will die within a year.
=== Teampall Clogas
'' Teampall Clogas is one of the churches, and stands alone at the highest point of the island.<ref name=newtowncashel/> It has a square [[clogas]], which is attached to the main building. Most churches of this era had [[Irish round tower|round towers]], separate from the main building. It is located on the northern part of the island and is visible from the shoreline. On the plan the church is rectangular, being {{Convert|10.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} by {{Convert|5.1|m|ft|abbr=on}}.
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]]
== Foclóireacht ==
# [[Foclóireacht na Gaeilge]]
# [[Leabharlann an Ard Easpaig Marsh]]=[[Leabharlann Marsh]]-
# [[foclóir.ie]]=[[focloir.ie]]
== An Féineachas ==
[[An Féineachas]] (agus/nó b'fhéidir [[Seanchas]] / [[Béaloideas]]).
Spreagtha ag ''[[:en:Wikipedia:Recent_additions/2025/March#8 March 2025|Recent additions, 8 March 2025]]''
''[https://dil.ie/34117 othrus]'' ≈ fulaingt tinnis/othrais.
Teimpléid;
* [[Teimpléad:WD Bosca Sonraí Doiciméad]]
* [[Teimpléad:efn]]
Nuashonraithe (lámhscríbhinní):
# [[Senchas Már]] (SM)
# [[Bechbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Bechbretha agus Coibes Uisci Thairdne|SM #21]])
# [[Bretha Crólige]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #33]])
# [[Críth Gablach]] (MacA)
# [[Gúbretha Caratniad]] ([[Bodleian Library]], [[Rawlinson B 502]])
As nua, iomlán:
# [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici]] (CIH)
# [[Sanas Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]] (MacA)
# [[Cethairṡlicht Athgabálae]] ([[Senchas Már#Cethairslicht Athgabálae|SM #2]])
# [[Sechtae]] ([[Senchas Már#Sechtae|SM #9]])
# [[Recholl Breth]] (SM #13)
# [[Bretha Déin Chécht]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #34]])
# [[Muirbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Clár ábhar|SM #38]])
# [[Anfuigell]] (m.s., CnaT, LS 1387; MacA)
# [[Berrad Airechta]] (CnaT, LS 1337)
# [[Bretha Étgid]] ([[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann|ARÉ]] LS 23 P 3)
# [[Cóic Conara Fugill]] (m.s., [[Uraicecht Becc]], [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Di Astud Chor]] (''via'' [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Mellbretha]] ([[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|CnaT]], LS 1363)
# [[Uí Lochlainn]]
# [[Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]]
# [[CnaT BÁC, LS 1317]], [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath, LS 1317]]
# [[Bóaire]]
# [[Coinmheadh is buannacht]]
# [[Brehon Law Commission]]
# [[Mac Aodhagáin]] → [[Mhic Aodhagáin]]
# [[John Lynch (Gratianus Lucius)]]
# [[Fearghas Ó Ceallaigh]]
# [[Leabharlann COBÁC]]
# [[Cathair Mhic Neachtain]]
# [[Thom McGinty]]
As nua, síolta:
# [[Dlí Ceilteach]]-
# [[Gabháil chine]]-
# [[Cyfraith Hywel]]-
# [[Galanas]]-
# [[Accessus ad auctores]]-
# [[Hapax legomenon]]-
# [[Robert Atkinson]]-
== Dlí luath na hÉireann ==
Fainic: sách fada, mionchúiseach agus as Béarla, mar bharr ar an donas.
The particular "[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/féineachas An] [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20Irish%20law/ Féineachas]" aside, I'm looking at the general phrase "early Irish law".
My dad was a fishmonger and was always careful to say about his produce "smoked Irish salmon" and not "Irish smoked salmon", if you see the difference.
Is it then "early law of ..." or "law of early ..."? Is "Irish" the language (surely not), the culture, the people or the nation, and in what period? Should "early" be translated as luath or moch? If luath, should it be "luath-" or "- luath"?
Given those options, "early Irish law" could be anything from "luathdhlí Gaelach" to "dlí na hÉireann moiche" and points in between. I favour the former.
Similarly, for "Celtic law" I favour "dlí Ceilteach", i.e., the culture not the people (the Celts, ... na gCeilteach).
Notes:
* Moch: cf. [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20modern%20irish/ Nua-Ghaeilge Mhoch] on téarma.ie
* "Irish": Gaelach, na nGael, Éireannach, na hÉireann?
* What about Welsh, English or Roman law?
{{Dlí luath na hÉireann}}
== Téamh domhanda ==
••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir
Ann cheana:
* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming
* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] ''Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy
'Cúis'eanna nua:
# [[Gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas
# [[Astaíocht charbóin]] '' Carbon emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]] '' Greenhouse gas emission due to agriculture
m53qet8r3egsl7dc0himax9o4vqckuu
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2025-06-10T08:53:11Z
Marcas.oduinn
33120
/* Tagairtí annálacha */
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text/x-wiki
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
== Litríocht ==
# [[Murúch]]-
# [[Tongu do dia toinges mo thúath]]-
# [[Remscéla]]=[[Réamhscéalta]]
# [[Bernhard Maier]]
# ''[[:en:Foraire Uladh ar Aodh|Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]'' - [[Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]
# ''[[:en:Lebor Bretnach|Lebor Bretnach]]'' - [[Lebor Bretnach]]=[[Leabhar Breatnach]]
# ''[[:en:Dominican Annals of Roscommon|Dominican Annals of Roscommon]]'' - [[Annála Doiminiceacha Ros Comáin]]
# ''[[:en:Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh|Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]'' - [[Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]
# ''[[:en:Ranna an aeir|Ranna an aeir]]'' - [[Ranna an aeir]]
# ''[[:en:Irish Astronomical Tract|Irish Astronomical Tract]]'' - [[]]
== Lebor Bretnach ==
{{tl|teideal iodálach}}
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
'''''Lebor Bretnach''''', [[Irish orthography]] '''''Leabhar Breathnach''''' and sometimes known as the '''Irish Nennius''', is an 11th-century historical work in [[teangacha Gaelacha]], largely consisting of a translation of the ''[[Historia Brittonum]]''. It may have originated in Scotland, although it has traditionally been attributed to the Irish poet [[Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde|Gilla Cóemáin]].
== Lámhscríbhinní
''Lebor Bretnach'' exists in five manuscripts:
* '''U'''. Baile Átha Cliath, [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]], MS 23 E 25 (1229). A 12th-century fragment in the ''[[Lebor na hUidre|Leabhar na hUidhre]]''.
* '''B'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 12 (536). A 14th-century manuscript known as the ''[[Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta]]''.
* '''H'''. BÁC, [[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|Coláiste na Tríonóide]], MS H. 3. 17. Probably written in the 14th or early 15th century.
* '''M'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS Stowe D ii 1. Known as the ''[[Leabhar Ua Maine|Leabhar Uí Mhaine]]'', written before 1423.
* '''L'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 2 (535) agus BÁC, CnaT, MS H. 2. 17, Iml. 2 (1319). Known as the ''[[Leabhar Mór Leacáin]]'', written c. 1417.{{sfn|Todd|1848|p=viii}}
== Ábhair
''Lebor Bretnach'' is a translation of a 9th-century historical collection purportedly written by Nennius, the ''Historia Brittonum'', but not an entirely literal one. It only summarises the ''Historia Brittonum'' where that work deals with specifically Gaelic matters already familiar to scholars in Ireland and Scotland, and in some other passages it includes additional material taken from, for example, the ''[[Sex Aetates Mundi (Meán-Ghaeilge)|Sex Aetates Mundi]]'', [[Bede]]'s ''[[Ecclesiastical History of the English People|Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum]]'', and a [[na Cruithnigh|Pictish]] king-list.{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=13}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}}
== Údair agus dáta
In two manuscripts of ''Lebor Bretnach'', '''H''' and '''M''', the translation is ascribed to the poet Gilla Cóemáin (fl. 1071/2).{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} This ascription is now in doubt,{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}} and the historian [[Thomas Owen Clancy]] has suggested that ''Lebor Bretnach'' was instead only intended to be dedicated to Gilla Cóemáin.{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} Traditionally there had been an assumption that the translation had been an Irish work, but Clancy has argued for a Scottish provenance, suggesting an origin at [[Abernethy, Perth and Kinross|Abernethy]], though probably intended for an Irish readership that had perhaps become interested in Scottish literature and history as a result of the military success and prestige of the [[Kingdom of Alba]].{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=700}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clancy |first1=Thomas Owen |year=2000 |chapter=Scotland, the "Nennian" recension of the ''Historia Brittonum'', and the ''Lebor Bretnach'' |editor1-last=Taylor |editor1-first=Simon |title=Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland 500–1297: Essays in Honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the Occasion of her Ninetieth Birthday |location=Dublin |publisher=Four Courts Press |pages=87–107 |isbn=1851825169 }}</ref> It is generally agreed that ''Lebor Bretnach'' dates to the mid or late 11th century.{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=11}}{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}
== Eagráin
* {{cite book
|year=1848
|editor1-last=Todd
|editor1-first=James Henthorn
|editor1-link=James Henthorn Todd
|title=Leabhar Breathnach Annso Sis: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Irish Archaeological Society
| url = https://archive.org/details/leabharbreathnac00nennuoft
}}, ar CELT as: [https://celt.ucc.ie//published/G100028/index.html Gaeilge]
* {{cite book
|year=1937
|editor1-last=van Hamel
|editor1-first=A. G.
|editor1-link=A. G. van Hamel
|title=Lebor Bretnach: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum Ascribed to Nennius
|series=Irish Manuscripts Commission, Volume 5
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Oifig an tSoláthair
}}
== Féach freisin
* [[Nennius]] — a Welsh monk of the 9th century
* [[Frankish Table of Nations]] — a Latin source for the genealogies
== Foinsí
* {{citation
|last=Dooley
|first=Ann
|author-link=Ann Dooley
|date=2004
|title=Arthur of the Irish: A viable concept?
|journal=Arthurian Literature |volume=21
|pages=9–28
}}
* {{citation
|last=Evans
|first=Nicholas
|editor-last=Duffy
|editor-first=Sean |encyclopedia=Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
|title=Scottish influence
|year=2005
|publisher=Routledge
|location=Londain
|isbn=0415940524
|pages=699–700
}}
* {{citation
|url=http://www.historiabrittonum.net/?page_id=20
|title=Lebor Bretnach |last1=Fitzpatrick-Matthews |first1=Keith J.
|date=2007–2015
|website=Historia Brittonum
}}
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Litríocht na hÉireann]]
== Annales Dominicani de Roscoman ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
[[Íomhá:Roscommon_Priory_-_aerial_-_2024-12-27_01.jpg|thumb|'' Ruins of Roscommon Dominican Priory]]
The '''Dominican Annals of Roscommon''' ({{Lang|la|Annales Dominicani de Roscoman}}) is an [[Annála Éireannacha]], covering events, mainly in Connacht and its neighbouring regions, from 1163 to 1314, spanning the period of the [[Ionradh na Normannach ar Éirinn]] and the early part of [[Tiarnas na hÉireann]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://groups.io/g/Educator-Gold/topic/digital_humanities_digital/334356
| teideal=CELT Project: The Corpus of Electronic Texts
| suíomh=groups.io
}}</ref> It also mentions some matters to do with the [[na Doiminicigh]], [[An Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach] matters in general, and political relations with [[Ríocht Shasana]].<ref name=adrcelt>{{lua idirlín
|url=https://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/
|teideal=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman
|suíomh=celt.ucc.ie
}}</ref>
It was compiled in [[Laidin]] in [[Roscommon Dominican Priory]] (Blackfriars).<ref>Finn, R. (2023:10). ''The Dominicans in the British Isles and Beyond: A New History of the English Province of the Friars Preachers''. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.</ref> The abbey was founded by and supported by the [[Uí Chonchúir]] [[ríthe na gConnacht]]. Occasional examples of pro-O'Connor bias are noted: for example, the [[Blinding (punishment)|blinding]] of Muirchertach Ua Conchobair by his brother, the king [[Ruaidrí mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair|Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]], is not mentioned, and when the 1193 [[creachadh]] of the monastery on [[Inchcleraun]] is mentioned, it is attributed to [[Gilbert de Lacy]], whereas the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] mention that [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair]] was also responsible.<ref name=adrcelt/>
The largest part of the Annals are attributed to [[Odo O'Hanmerech]] (died in 1306).
The annals survive in a seventeenth-century manuscript that once belonged to [[James Ware]].
Among its notable entries are a mention of the drying-up of the River Galvia, apparently an early name for [[Abhainn na Gaillimhe]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://steemit.com/ireland/@harlotscurse/a-sova-potamoy-ekvolai
| teideal=Αὐσοβα Ποταμου Εκβολαι
| dáta=3ú Meán Fómhair 2018
| suíomh=Steemit
}}</ref>
== Féach freisin
* [[Annála Éireannacha]]
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Annála Éireannacha]]
{{síol-ie}}
== Inis Cloithrinn ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Séadchomhartha}}
91<ref>{{lua idirlín
| teideal=National Monuments of County Longford in State Care
| url = http://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-longford.pdf
| page=1
| suíomh=heritageireland.ie
| foilsitheoir=National Monument Service
| dátarochtana=2a Iúil 2020
}}</ref>
'' '''Inis Cloithrinn''', is an island situated in [[Loch Rí]] on the [[an tSionainn]], in central Ireland.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/inchcleraun-island/
| teideal=Inchcleraun Island / Quaker Island - Longford -
| ainm=Michael
| Aoine=Heraghty
| dáta=15ú Deireadh Fómhair 2004
| dátarochtana=22a Meitheamh 2016
| archive-date=8ú Lúnasa 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160808025929/http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/inchcleraun-island/
| url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/environment-geography/physical-landscape/historical-features-of-co/islands/
| teideal=Islands
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.earlychristianireland.net/Counties/longford/inchcleraun/
| teideal=Inchcleraun (quaker island), County Longford
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.longfordtourism.ie/see-do/attractions/lough-ree/
| teideal=Lough Ree
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.newtowncashel.ie/inchclearaun-island.html
| teideal=Inchclearaun Island - Newtowncashel - Co. Longford
}}</ref>
'' The island is home to the ruins of St. Diarmaid's Monastery, a [[mainistir]] founded by [[Diarmaid the Just]] in AD 560. These buildings constitute a [[Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]].
== An Inis
'' Inis Cloithrinn is an island of {{Convert|57.7|ha|abbr=on}} located in the centre of [[Loch Rí]], with [[Cnoc an Chrochaire]], Contae Ros Comáin to its west and [[Baile Nua an Chaisil]], Contae Longfoirt to its east.
[[Íomhá:Inchcleraun Monastery.jpg|thumb|Mainister Inis Cloithrinn]]
== Stair
'' The island takes its name from Irish for "[[Cloithre]]'s Island". In [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], Clothru was a daughter of [[Eochaid Feidlech]], then [[ardrí na hÉireann]]. She became the Queen of Connacht after her father's death, and once owned the island. Her sister, [[Medb]], retired to Inchcleraun after Medb's husband [[Ailill mac Máta]] killed her lover [[Fergus mac Róich]]. One point is called '' Grianán Maebha '', and nearby is ''Ionad Marbhtha Meidhbhe'', where she was killed by a stone thrown from [[Elfeet Castle]], on the Longford side of the lake. In other versions of the legend, it is a lump of cheese fired from a [[slingshot]] by a nephew of Clothru.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.longfordlibrary.ie/lib_arc_inside.aspx?id=15036
| teideal=Longford Library
| ainm=Longford
| sloinne=Library
}}</ref>
[[Íomhá:Myths and legends; the Celtic race (1910) (14596952367).jpg|thumb|'' "The Death of Maev" ([[T. W. Rolleston]], 1910); Forbay with [[sling (weapon)|sling]] in foreground, Medb bathing in the background.]]
'' The name "Quaker Island" is more recent, and owes to the island being owned at one time by [[Cumann na gCarad|Caecar]]. The island is today owned by the Irish state.
== Tagairtí annálacha ==
*'''719''' St Sionnach of Inchcleraun died on 20 April.
*'''769''' Curoi, the son of Alniadh, Abbot and Sage of Inchcleraun, and of Caill Fochladha ([[Loch Dairbhreach]]) in Meath died.
*'''780''' Eochaidh, the son of Focartach, Abbot of Fochladha and of Inchcleraun, died.
*'''1010''' The men of [[an Mhumhain]] plundered Inchcleraun and [[Inis Bó Finne]]
*'''1050''' Inchcleraun was plundered.
*'''1087''' The fleet of the men of Munster, with [[Muircheartach Ua Briain]], sailed on the Shannon to Lough Ree and plundered the islands of the lake (inc. Inchcleraun)
*'''1136''' [[Áed Ua Finn]], the [[Bishop of Kilmore|Bishop of Bréifne]], died in Inchcleraun
*'''1141''' Giolla na Naomh Mac Fearghail, chief of the people of [[Angaile]], the most prosperous man in Ireland, died at a great age and was buried at Inchcleraun.
*'''1150''' Morogh, the son of the above, the tower of splendour and nobility in East [[Connacht]] died in Inchcleraun.
*'''1160''' Gilla na Naomh Ó Duinn, [[ollamh Éireann]] of Inchcleraun, teacher of history and poetry sent his spirit to the Supreme Father amidst a choir of angels on the 17th day of December in the year of his 58th birthday.
*'''1167''' Cinaeth Ua Cethearnaigh, Priest of Inchcleraun died.
*'''1168''' Dubhcobhlach, the daughter of O'Quinn, wife of Mac Corgamna, died and was interred in Inchcleraun
*'''1170''' Diarmaid Ó Briain, [[Coarb]] of Comman, was chief senior of the east of Connaught, died in Inchcleraun in the 95th year of his age.
*'''1174''' Rory O'Carroll, Lord of [[Éile]], was slain in the middle of Inchcleraun
*'''1189''' It was at Inchcleraun on Lough Ree that the [[hostage]]s of [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair|O'Connor Maon-Moy]] were kept at the time.
*'''1193''' Inchcleraun was plundered by the sons of Costelloe and by the sons of O'Connor Maon-Moy
*'''1232''' Tiapraide O' Breen, Coarb of [[Coman mac Faelchon|Saint Coman]], an ecclesiastic learned in History and Law, died on his pilgrimage on the island of Inchcleraun
*'''1244''' Donnchad mac Fíngein Ó Conchobhair, who was the grandson of Hugh, son of Torlogh O'Connor, [[Bishop of Elphin]], died 23 April on Inchcleraun, and was interred in the [[Boyle Abbey|monastery of Boyle]].
== Foirgnimh ==
'' Between 800 and 1300 the island and its churches were repeatedly plundered and burned by invaders, so the buildings are in ruins today. Six of the island's churches are surrounded by an [[Enclosure (archaeology)|enclosure]] in the southeast corner of the island.
=== Teampall Diarmada
'' Teampall Diarmada is the monastery founded by Saint [[Diarmaid the Just]] (who was a teacher of [[Ciarán of Clonmacnoise]]) in 540 AD. This church once had a stone roof.<ref name=newtowncashel>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.newtowncashel.ie/inchclearaun-island.html
| teideal=Inchclearaun Island - Newtowncashel - Co. Longford
}}</ref>
=== Teampall Mór
'' Teampall Mór stands within four metres to the north of Teampall Diarmada. It consists of a single nave. Its plain masonry walls are in relatively good condition. There are two lancet windows at the east end, which are long, narrow and recessed. The windows on the south side have the appearance of later additions and are unsymmetrical. All traces of doors have vanished, but the opes, which have been arched and protected by the Board of Works, seem to indicate the position of a west door and an entrance on the north side to the cloister. An upper chamber exists.
'' The interior walls of the church were once plastered. The walls have lost their distinctive features of detail, except for the east window, which is similar in construction to that of the Teampall Clogas. The interior arch of the east window is circular, built of four stones. The exterior has only two stones forming a pointed arch.
'' There is the remains of an altar, built of rubble work but without the altar slab. The door in the south wall of the nave has a circular moulding. The north door is only a gap.
'' This church is situated a short distance to the south of the cluster of churches. It is more modern in appearance than any of the others. At the north-west corner is a more modern chamber with no visible entrance. Near this church, half buried with its face downward is a stone bearing incised on its surface a Celtic interlaced cross with an Irish inscription.<ref name=newtowncashel/>
=== Templemurry
'' Templemurry is the largest church on the island.<ref name=newtowncashel/> According to local lore, any woman who enters Templemurray will die within a year.
=== Teampall Clogas
'' Teampall Clogas is one of the churches, and stands alone at the highest point of the island.<ref name=newtowncashel/> It has a square [[clogas]], which is attached to the main building. Most churches of this era had [[Irish round tower|round towers]], separate from the main building. It is located on the northern part of the island and is visible from the shoreline. On the plan the church is rectangular, being {{Convert|10.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} by {{Convert|5.1|m|ft|abbr=on}}.
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]]
== Foclóireacht ==
# [[Foclóireacht na Gaeilge]]
# [[Leabharlann an Ard Easpaig Marsh]]=[[Leabharlann Marsh]]-
# [[foclóir.ie]]=[[focloir.ie]]
== An Féineachas ==
[[An Féineachas]] (agus/nó b'fhéidir [[Seanchas]] / [[Béaloideas]]).
Spreagtha ag ''[[:en:Wikipedia:Recent_additions/2025/March#8 March 2025|Recent additions, 8 March 2025]]''
''[https://dil.ie/34117 othrus]'' ≈ fulaingt tinnis/othrais.
Teimpléid;
* [[Teimpléad:WD Bosca Sonraí Doiciméad]]
* [[Teimpléad:efn]]
Nuashonraithe (lámhscríbhinní):
# [[Senchas Már]] (SM)
# [[Bechbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Bechbretha agus Coibes Uisci Thairdne|SM #21]])
# [[Bretha Crólige]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #33]])
# [[Críth Gablach]] (MacA)
# [[Gúbretha Caratniad]] ([[Bodleian Library]], [[Rawlinson B 502]])
As nua, iomlán:
# [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici]] (CIH)
# [[Sanas Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]] (MacA)
# [[Cethairṡlicht Athgabálae]] ([[Senchas Már#Cethairslicht Athgabálae|SM #2]])
# [[Sechtae]] ([[Senchas Már#Sechtae|SM #9]])
# [[Recholl Breth]] (SM #13)
# [[Bretha Déin Chécht]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #34]])
# [[Muirbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Clár ábhar|SM #38]])
# [[Anfuigell]] (m.s., CnaT, LS 1387; MacA)
# [[Berrad Airechta]] (CnaT, LS 1337)
# [[Bretha Étgid]] ([[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann|ARÉ]] LS 23 P 3)
# [[Cóic Conara Fugill]] (m.s., [[Uraicecht Becc]], [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Di Astud Chor]] (''via'' [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Mellbretha]] ([[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|CnaT]], LS 1363)
# [[Uí Lochlainn]]
# [[Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]]
# [[CnaT BÁC, LS 1317]], [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath, LS 1317]]
# [[Bóaire]]
# [[Coinmheadh is buannacht]]
# [[Brehon Law Commission]]
# [[Mac Aodhagáin]] → [[Mhic Aodhagáin]]
# [[John Lynch (Gratianus Lucius)]]
# [[Fearghas Ó Ceallaigh]]
# [[Leabharlann COBÁC]]
# [[Cathair Mhic Neachtain]]
# [[Thom McGinty]]
As nua, síolta:
# [[Dlí Ceilteach]]-
# [[Gabháil chine]]-
# [[Cyfraith Hywel]]-
# [[Galanas]]-
# [[Accessus ad auctores]]-
# [[Hapax legomenon]]-
# [[Robert Atkinson]]-
== Dlí luath na hÉireann ==
Fainic: sách fada, mionchúiseach agus as Béarla, mar bharr ar an donas.
The particular "[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/féineachas An] [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20Irish%20law/ Féineachas]" aside, I'm looking at the general phrase "early Irish law".
My dad was a fishmonger and was always careful to say about his produce "smoked Irish salmon" and not "Irish smoked salmon", if you see the difference.
Is it then "early law of ..." or "law of early ..."? Is "Irish" the language (surely not), the culture, the people or the nation, and in what period? Should "early" be translated as luath or moch? If luath, should it be "luath-" or "- luath"?
Given those options, "early Irish law" could be anything from "luathdhlí Gaelach" to "dlí na hÉireann moiche" and points in between. I favour the former.
Similarly, for "Celtic law" I favour "dlí Ceilteach", i.e., the culture not the people (the Celts, ... na gCeilteach).
Notes:
* Moch: cf. [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20modern%20irish/ Nua-Ghaeilge Mhoch] on téarma.ie
* "Irish": Gaelach, na nGael, Éireannach, na hÉireann?
* What about Welsh, English or Roman law?
{{Dlí luath na hÉireann}}
== Téamh domhanda ==
••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir
Ann cheana:
* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming
* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] ''Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy
'Cúis'eanna nua:
# [[Gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas
# [[Astaíocht charbóin]] '' Carbon emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]] '' Greenhouse gas emission due to agriculture
7wsud5q8oc98w5shwvt6tmhequ9y4se
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/* Tagairtí annálacha */
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__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
== Litríocht ==
# [[Murúch]]-
# [[Tongu do dia toinges mo thúath]]-
# [[Remscéla]]=[[Réamhscéalta]]
# [[Bernhard Maier]]
# ''[[:en:Foraire Uladh ar Aodh|Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]'' - [[Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]
# ''[[:en:Lebor Bretnach|Lebor Bretnach]]'' - [[Lebor Bretnach]]=[[Leabhar Breatnach]]
# ''[[:en:Dominican Annals of Roscommon|Dominican Annals of Roscommon]]'' - [[Annála Doiminiceacha Ros Comáin]]
# ''[[:en:Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh|Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]'' - [[Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]
# ''[[:en:Ranna an aeir|Ranna an aeir]]'' - [[Ranna an aeir]]
# ''[[:en:Irish Astronomical Tract|Irish Astronomical Tract]]'' - [[]]
== Lebor Bretnach ==
{{tl|teideal iodálach}}
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
'''''Lebor Bretnach''''', [[Irish orthography]] '''''Leabhar Breathnach''''' and sometimes known as the '''Irish Nennius''', is an 11th-century historical work in [[teangacha Gaelacha]], largely consisting of a translation of the ''[[Historia Brittonum]]''. It may have originated in Scotland, although it has traditionally been attributed to the Irish poet [[Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde|Gilla Cóemáin]].
== Lámhscríbhinní
''Lebor Bretnach'' exists in five manuscripts:
* '''U'''. Baile Átha Cliath, [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]], MS 23 E 25 (1229). A 12th-century fragment in the ''[[Lebor na hUidre|Leabhar na hUidhre]]''.
* '''B'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 12 (536). A 14th-century manuscript known as the ''[[Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta]]''.
* '''H'''. BÁC, [[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|Coláiste na Tríonóide]], MS H. 3. 17. Probably written in the 14th or early 15th century.
* '''M'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS Stowe D ii 1. Known as the ''[[Leabhar Ua Maine|Leabhar Uí Mhaine]]'', written before 1423.
* '''L'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 2 (535) agus BÁC, CnaT, MS H. 2. 17, Iml. 2 (1319). Known as the ''[[Leabhar Mór Leacáin]]'', written c. 1417.{{sfn|Todd|1848|p=viii}}
== Ábhair
''Lebor Bretnach'' is a translation of a 9th-century historical collection purportedly written by Nennius, the ''Historia Brittonum'', but not an entirely literal one. It only summarises the ''Historia Brittonum'' where that work deals with specifically Gaelic matters already familiar to scholars in Ireland and Scotland, and in some other passages it includes additional material taken from, for example, the ''[[Sex Aetates Mundi (Meán-Ghaeilge)|Sex Aetates Mundi]]'', [[Bede]]'s ''[[Ecclesiastical History of the English People|Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum]]'', and a [[na Cruithnigh|Pictish]] king-list.{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=13}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}}
== Údair agus dáta
In two manuscripts of ''Lebor Bretnach'', '''H''' and '''M''', the translation is ascribed to the poet Gilla Cóemáin (fl. 1071/2).{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} This ascription is now in doubt,{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}} and the historian [[Thomas Owen Clancy]] has suggested that ''Lebor Bretnach'' was instead only intended to be dedicated to Gilla Cóemáin.{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} Traditionally there had been an assumption that the translation had been an Irish work, but Clancy has argued for a Scottish provenance, suggesting an origin at [[Abernethy, Perth and Kinross|Abernethy]], though probably intended for an Irish readership that had perhaps become interested in Scottish literature and history as a result of the military success and prestige of the [[Kingdom of Alba]].{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=700}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clancy |first1=Thomas Owen |year=2000 |chapter=Scotland, the "Nennian" recension of the ''Historia Brittonum'', and the ''Lebor Bretnach'' |editor1-last=Taylor |editor1-first=Simon |title=Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland 500–1297: Essays in Honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the Occasion of her Ninetieth Birthday |location=Dublin |publisher=Four Courts Press |pages=87–107 |isbn=1851825169 }}</ref> It is generally agreed that ''Lebor Bretnach'' dates to the mid or late 11th century.{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=11}}{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}
== Eagráin
* {{cite book
|year=1848
|editor1-last=Todd
|editor1-first=James Henthorn
|editor1-link=James Henthorn Todd
|title=Leabhar Breathnach Annso Sis: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Irish Archaeological Society
| url = https://archive.org/details/leabharbreathnac00nennuoft
}}, ar CELT as: [https://celt.ucc.ie//published/G100028/index.html Gaeilge]
* {{cite book
|year=1937
|editor1-last=van Hamel
|editor1-first=A. G.
|editor1-link=A. G. van Hamel
|title=Lebor Bretnach: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum Ascribed to Nennius
|series=Irish Manuscripts Commission, Volume 5
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Oifig an tSoláthair
}}
== Féach freisin
* [[Nennius]] — a Welsh monk of the 9th century
* [[Frankish Table of Nations]] — a Latin source for the genealogies
== Foinsí
* {{citation
|last=Dooley
|first=Ann
|author-link=Ann Dooley
|date=2004
|title=Arthur of the Irish: A viable concept?
|journal=Arthurian Literature |volume=21
|pages=9–28
}}
* {{citation
|last=Evans
|first=Nicholas
|editor-last=Duffy
|editor-first=Sean |encyclopedia=Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
|title=Scottish influence
|year=2005
|publisher=Routledge
|location=Londain
|isbn=0415940524
|pages=699–700
}}
* {{citation
|url=http://www.historiabrittonum.net/?page_id=20
|title=Lebor Bretnach |last1=Fitzpatrick-Matthews |first1=Keith J.
|date=2007–2015
|website=Historia Brittonum
}}
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Litríocht na hÉireann]]
== Annales Dominicani de Roscoman ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
[[Íomhá:Roscommon_Priory_-_aerial_-_2024-12-27_01.jpg|thumb|'' Ruins of Roscommon Dominican Priory]]
The '''Dominican Annals of Roscommon''' ({{Lang|la|Annales Dominicani de Roscoman}}) is an [[Annála Éireannacha]], covering events, mainly in Connacht and its neighbouring regions, from 1163 to 1314, spanning the period of the [[Ionradh na Normannach ar Éirinn]] and the early part of [[Tiarnas na hÉireann]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://groups.io/g/Educator-Gold/topic/digital_humanities_digital/334356
| teideal=CELT Project: The Corpus of Electronic Texts
| suíomh=groups.io
}}</ref> It also mentions some matters to do with the [[na Doiminicigh]], [[An Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach] matters in general, and political relations with [[Ríocht Shasana]].<ref name=adrcelt>{{lua idirlín
|url=https://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/
|teideal=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman
|suíomh=celt.ucc.ie
}}</ref>
It was compiled in [[Laidin]] in [[Roscommon Dominican Priory]] (Blackfriars).<ref>Finn, R. (2023:10). ''The Dominicans in the British Isles and Beyond: A New History of the English Province of the Friars Preachers''. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.</ref> The abbey was founded by and supported by the [[Uí Chonchúir]] [[ríthe na gConnacht]]. Occasional examples of pro-O'Connor bias are noted: for example, the [[Blinding (punishment)|blinding]] of Muirchertach Ua Conchobair by his brother, the king [[Ruaidrí mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair|Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]], is not mentioned, and when the 1193 [[creachadh]] of the monastery on [[Inchcleraun]] is mentioned, it is attributed to [[Gilbert de Lacy]], whereas the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] mention that [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair]] was also responsible.<ref name=adrcelt/>
The largest part of the Annals are attributed to [[Odo O'Hanmerech]] (died in 1306).
The annals survive in a seventeenth-century manuscript that once belonged to [[James Ware]].
Among its notable entries are a mention of the drying-up of the River Galvia, apparently an early name for [[Abhainn na Gaillimhe]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://steemit.com/ireland/@harlotscurse/a-sova-potamoy-ekvolai
| teideal=Αὐσοβα Ποταμου Εκβολαι
| dáta=3ú Meán Fómhair 2018
| suíomh=Steemit
}}</ref>
== Féach freisin
* [[Annála Éireannacha]]
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Annála Éireannacha]]
{{síol-ie}}
== Inis Cloithrinn ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Séadchomhartha}}
91<ref>{{lua idirlín
| teideal=National Monuments of County Longford in State Care
| url = http://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-longford.pdf
| page=1
| suíomh=heritageireland.ie
| foilsitheoir=National Monument Service
| dátarochtana=2a Iúil 2020
}}</ref>
'' '''Inis Cloithrinn''', is an island situated in [[Loch Rí]] on the [[an tSionainn]], in central Ireland.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/inchcleraun-island/
| teideal=Inchcleraun Island / Quaker Island - Longford -
| ainm=Michael
| Aoine=Heraghty
| dáta=15ú Deireadh Fómhair 2004
| dátarochtana=22a Meitheamh 2016
| archive-date=8ú Lúnasa 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160808025929/http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/inchcleraun-island/
| url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/environment-geography/physical-landscape/historical-features-of-co/islands/
| teideal=Islands
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.earlychristianireland.net/Counties/longford/inchcleraun/
| teideal=Inchcleraun (quaker island), County Longford
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.longfordtourism.ie/see-do/attractions/lough-ree/
| teideal=Lough Ree
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.newtowncashel.ie/inchclearaun-island.html
| teideal=Inchclearaun Island - Newtowncashel - Co. Longford
}}</ref>
'' The island is home to the ruins of St. Diarmaid's Monastery, a [[mainistir]] founded by [[Diarmaid the Just]] in AD 560. These buildings constitute a [[Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]].
== An Inis
'' Inis Cloithrinn is an island of {{Convert|57.7|ha|abbr=on}} located in the centre of [[Loch Rí]], with [[Cnoc an Chrochaire]], Contae Ros Comáin to its west and [[Baile Nua an Chaisil]], Contae Longfoirt to its east.
[[Íomhá:Inchcleraun Monastery.jpg|thumb|Mainister Inis Cloithrinn]]
== Stair
'' The island takes its name from Irish for "[[Cloithre]]'s Island". In [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], Clothru was a daughter of [[Eochaid Feidlech]], then [[ardrí na hÉireann]]. She became the Queen of Connacht after her father's death, and once owned the island. Her sister, [[Medb]], retired to Inchcleraun after Medb's husband [[Ailill mac Máta]] killed her lover [[Fergus mac Róich]]. One point is called '' Grianán Maebha '', and nearby is ''Ionad Marbhtha Meidhbhe'', where she was killed by a stone thrown from [[Elfeet Castle]], on the Longford side of the lake. In other versions of the legend, it is a lump of cheese fired from a [[slingshot]] by a nephew of Clothru.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.longfordlibrary.ie/lib_arc_inside.aspx?id=15036
| teideal=Longford Library
| ainm=Longford
| sloinne=Library
}}</ref>
[[Íomhá:Myths and legends; the Celtic race (1910) (14596952367).jpg|thumb|'' "The Death of Maev" ([[T. W. Rolleston]], 1910); Forbay with [[sling (weapon)|sling]] in foreground, Medb bathing in the background.]]
'' The name "Quaker Island" is more recent, and owes to the island being owned at one time by [[Cumann na gCarad|Caecar]]. The island is today owned by the Irish state.
== Tagairtí annálacha ==
*'''719''' St Sionnach of Inchcleraun died on 20 April.
*'''769''' Curoi, the son of Alniadh, Abbot and Sage of Inchcleraun, and of Caill Fochladha ([[Loch Dairbhreach]]) in Meath died.
*'''780''' Eochaidh, the son of Focartach, Abbot of Fochladha and of Inchcleraun, died.
*'''1010''' The men of [[an Mhumhain]] plundered Inchcleraun and [[Inis Bó Finne]]
*'''1050''' Inchcleraun was plundered.
*'''1087''' The fleet of the men of Munster, with [[Muircheartach Ua Briain]], sailed on the Shannon to Lough Ree and plundered the islands of the lake (inc. Inchcleraun)
*'''1136''' [[Áed Ua Finn]], the [[Bishop of Kilmore|Bishop of Bréifne]], died in Inchcleraun
*'''1141''' Giolla na Naomh Mac Fearghail, chief of the people of [[an Anaíle]], the most prosperous man in Ireland, died at a great age and was buried at Inchcleraun.
*'''1150''' Morogh, the son of the above, the tower of splendour and nobility in East [[Connacht]] died in Inchcleraun.
*'''1160''' Gilla na Naomh Ó Duinn, [[ollamh Éireann]] of Inchcleraun, teacher of history and poetry sent his spirit to the Supreme Father amidst a choir of angels on the 17th day of December in the year of his 58th birthday.
*'''1167''' Cinaeth Ua Cethearnaigh, Priest of Inchcleraun died.
*'''1168''' Dubhcobhlach, the daughter of O'Quinn, wife of Mac Corgamna, died and was interred in Inchcleraun
*'''1170''' Diarmaid Ó Briain, [[Coarb]] of Comman, was chief senior of the east of Connaught, died in Inchcleraun in the 95th year of his age.
*'''1174''' Rory O'Carroll, Lord of [[Éile]], was slain in the middle of Inchcleraun
*'''1189''' It was at Inchcleraun on Lough Ree that the [[hostage]]s of [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair]] were kept at the time.
*'''1193''' Inchcleraun was plundered by the sons of Costelloe and by the sons of O'Connor Maon-Moy
*'''1232''' Tiapraide O' Breen, Coarb of [[Comán mac Faelchon]], an ecclesiastic learned in History and Law, died on his pilgrimage on the island of Inchcleraun
*'''1244''' Donnchad mac Fíngein Ó Conchobhair, who was the grandson of Hugh, son of Torlogh O'Connor, [[Bishop of Elphin]], died 23 April on Inchcleraun, and was interred in the [[Mainistir na Búille]].
== Foirgnimh ==
'' Between 800 and 1300 the island and its churches were repeatedly plundered and burned by invaders, so the buildings are in ruins today. Six of the island's churches are surrounded by an [[Enclosure (archaeology)|enclosure]] in the southeast corner of the island.
=== Teampall Diarmada
'' Teampall Diarmada is the monastery founded by Saint [[Diarmaid the Just]] (who was a teacher of [[Ciarán of Clonmacnoise]]) in 540 AD. This church once had a stone roof.<ref name=newtowncashel>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.newtowncashel.ie/inchclearaun-island.html
| teideal=Inchclearaun Island - Newtowncashel - Co. Longford
}}</ref>
=== Teampall Mór
'' Teampall Mór stands within four metres to the north of Teampall Diarmada. It consists of a single nave. Its plain masonry walls are in relatively good condition. There are two lancet windows at the east end, which are long, narrow and recessed. The windows on the south side have the appearance of later additions and are unsymmetrical. All traces of doors have vanished, but the opes, which have been arched and protected by the Board of Works, seem to indicate the position of a west door and an entrance on the north side to the cloister. An upper chamber exists.
'' The interior walls of the church were once plastered. The walls have lost their distinctive features of detail, except for the east window, which is similar in construction to that of the Teampall Clogas. The interior arch of the east window is circular, built of four stones. The exterior has only two stones forming a pointed arch.
'' There is the remains of an altar, built of rubble work but without the altar slab. The door in the south wall of the nave has a circular moulding. The north door is only a gap.
'' This church is situated a short distance to the south of the cluster of churches. It is more modern in appearance than any of the others. At the north-west corner is a more modern chamber with no visible entrance. Near this church, half buried with its face downward is a stone bearing incised on its surface a Celtic interlaced cross with an Irish inscription.<ref name=newtowncashel/>
=== Templemurry
'' Templemurry is the largest church on the island.<ref name=newtowncashel/> According to local lore, any woman who enters Templemurray will die within a year.
=== Teampall Clogas
'' Teampall Clogas is one of the churches, and stands alone at the highest point of the island.<ref name=newtowncashel/> It has a square [[clogas]], which is attached to the main building. Most churches of this era had [[Irish round tower|round towers]], separate from the main building. It is located on the northern part of the island and is visible from the shoreline. On the plan the church is rectangular, being {{Convert|10.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} by {{Convert|5.1|m|ft|abbr=on}}.
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]]
== Foclóireacht ==
# [[Foclóireacht na Gaeilge]]
# [[Leabharlann an Ard Easpaig Marsh]]=[[Leabharlann Marsh]]-
# [[foclóir.ie]]=[[focloir.ie]]
== An Féineachas ==
[[An Féineachas]] (agus/nó b'fhéidir [[Seanchas]] / [[Béaloideas]]).
Spreagtha ag ''[[:en:Wikipedia:Recent_additions/2025/March#8 March 2025|Recent additions, 8 March 2025]]''
''[https://dil.ie/34117 othrus]'' ≈ fulaingt tinnis/othrais.
Teimpléid;
* [[Teimpléad:WD Bosca Sonraí Doiciméad]]
* [[Teimpléad:efn]]
Nuashonraithe (lámhscríbhinní):
# [[Senchas Már]] (SM)
# [[Bechbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Bechbretha agus Coibes Uisci Thairdne|SM #21]])
# [[Bretha Crólige]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #33]])
# [[Críth Gablach]] (MacA)
# [[Gúbretha Caratniad]] ([[Bodleian Library]], [[Rawlinson B 502]])
As nua, iomlán:
# [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici]] (CIH)
# [[Sanas Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]] (MacA)
# [[Cethairṡlicht Athgabálae]] ([[Senchas Már#Cethairslicht Athgabálae|SM #2]])
# [[Sechtae]] ([[Senchas Már#Sechtae|SM #9]])
# [[Recholl Breth]] (SM #13)
# [[Bretha Déin Chécht]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #34]])
# [[Muirbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Clár ábhar|SM #38]])
# [[Anfuigell]] (m.s., CnaT, LS 1387; MacA)
# [[Berrad Airechta]] (CnaT, LS 1337)
# [[Bretha Étgid]] ([[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann|ARÉ]] LS 23 P 3)
# [[Cóic Conara Fugill]] (m.s., [[Uraicecht Becc]], [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Di Astud Chor]] (''via'' [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Mellbretha]] ([[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|CnaT]], LS 1363)
# [[Uí Lochlainn]]
# [[Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]]
# [[CnaT BÁC, LS 1317]], [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath, LS 1317]]
# [[Bóaire]]
# [[Coinmheadh is buannacht]]
# [[Brehon Law Commission]]
# [[Mac Aodhagáin]] → [[Mhic Aodhagáin]]
# [[John Lynch (Gratianus Lucius)]]
# [[Fearghas Ó Ceallaigh]]
# [[Leabharlann COBÁC]]
# [[Cathair Mhic Neachtain]]
# [[Thom McGinty]]
As nua, síolta:
# [[Dlí Ceilteach]]-
# [[Gabháil chine]]-
# [[Cyfraith Hywel]]-
# [[Galanas]]-
# [[Accessus ad auctores]]-
# [[Hapax legomenon]]-
# [[Robert Atkinson]]-
== Dlí luath na hÉireann ==
Fainic: sách fada, mionchúiseach agus as Béarla, mar bharr ar an donas.
The particular "[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/féineachas An] [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20Irish%20law/ Féineachas]" aside, I'm looking at the general phrase "early Irish law".
My dad was a fishmonger and was always careful to say about his produce "smoked Irish salmon" and not "Irish smoked salmon", if you see the difference.
Is it then "early law of ..." or "law of early ..."? Is "Irish" the language (surely not), the culture, the people or the nation, and in what period? Should "early" be translated as luath or moch? If luath, should it be "luath-" or "- luath"?
Given those options, "early Irish law" could be anything from "luathdhlí Gaelach" to "dlí na hÉireann moiche" and points in between. I favour the former.
Similarly, for "Celtic law" I favour "dlí Ceilteach", i.e., the culture not the people (the Celts, ... na gCeilteach).
Notes:
* Moch: cf. [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20modern%20irish/ Nua-Ghaeilge Mhoch] on téarma.ie
* "Irish": Gaelach, na nGael, Éireannach, na hÉireann?
* What about Welsh, English or Roman law?
{{Dlí luath na hÉireann}}
== Téamh domhanda ==
••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir
Ann cheana:
* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming
* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] ''Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy
'Cúis'eanna nua:
# [[Gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas
# [[Astaíocht charbóin]] '' Carbon emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]] '' Greenhouse gas emission due to agriculture
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__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
== Litríocht ==
# [[Murúch]]-
# [[Tongu do dia toinges mo thúath]]-
# [[Remscéla]]=[[Réamhscéalta]]
# [[Bernhard Maier]]
# ''[[:en:Foraire Uladh ar Aodh|Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]'' - [[Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]
# ''[[:en:Lebor Bretnach|Lebor Bretnach]]'' - [[Lebor Bretnach]]=[[Leabhar Breatnach]]
# ''[[:en:Dominican Annals of Roscommon|Dominican Annals of Roscommon]]'' - [[Annála Doiminiceacha Ros Comáin]]
# ''[[:en:|en:]]'' - [[Inis Cloithrinn]]
# ''[[:en:Inchbofin|Inchbofin]]'' - [[Inis Bó Finne Contae na hIarmhí]]
# ''[[:en:Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh|Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]'' - [[Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]
# ''[[:en:Ranna an aeir|Ranna an aeir]]'' - [[Ranna an aeir]]
# ''[[:en:Irish Astronomical Tract|Irish Astronomical Tract]]'' - [[]]
== Lebor Bretnach ==
{{tl|teideal iodálach}}
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
'''''Lebor Bretnach''''', [[Irish orthography]] '''''Leabhar Breathnach''''' and sometimes known as the '''Irish Nennius''', is an 11th-century historical work in [[teangacha Gaelacha]], largely consisting of a translation of the ''[[Historia Brittonum]]''. It may have originated in Scotland, although it has traditionally been attributed to the Irish poet [[Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde|Gilla Cóemáin]].
== Lámhscríbhinní
''Lebor Bretnach'' exists in five manuscripts:
* '''U'''. Baile Átha Cliath, [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]], MS 23 E 25 (1229). A 12th-century fragment in the ''[[Lebor na hUidre|Leabhar na hUidhre]]''.
* '''B'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 12 (536). A 14th-century manuscript known as the ''[[Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta]]''.
* '''H'''. BÁC, [[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|Coláiste na Tríonóide]], MS H. 3. 17. Probably written in the 14th or early 15th century.
* '''M'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS Stowe D ii 1. Known as the ''[[Leabhar Ua Maine|Leabhar Uí Mhaine]]'', written before 1423.
* '''L'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 2 (535) agus BÁC, CnaT, MS H. 2. 17, Iml. 2 (1319). Known as the ''[[Leabhar Mór Leacáin]]'', written c. 1417.{{sfn|Todd|1848|p=viii}}
== Ábhair
''Lebor Bretnach'' is a translation of a 9th-century historical collection purportedly written by Nennius, the ''Historia Brittonum'', but not an entirely literal one. It only summarises the ''Historia Brittonum'' where that work deals with specifically Gaelic matters already familiar to scholars in Ireland and Scotland, and in some other passages it includes additional material taken from, for example, the ''[[Sex Aetates Mundi (Meán-Ghaeilge)|Sex Aetates Mundi]]'', [[Bede]]'s ''[[Ecclesiastical History of the English People|Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum]]'', and a [[na Cruithnigh|Pictish]] king-list.{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=13}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}}
== Údair agus dáta
In two manuscripts of ''Lebor Bretnach'', '''H''' and '''M''', the translation is ascribed to the poet Gilla Cóemáin (fl. 1071/2).{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} This ascription is now in doubt,{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}} and the historian [[Thomas Owen Clancy]] has suggested that ''Lebor Bretnach'' was instead only intended to be dedicated to Gilla Cóemáin.{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} Traditionally there had been an assumption that the translation had been an Irish work, but Clancy has argued for a Scottish provenance, suggesting an origin at [[Abernethy, Perth and Kinross|Abernethy]], though probably intended for an Irish readership that had perhaps become interested in Scottish literature and history as a result of the military success and prestige of the [[Kingdom of Alba]].{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=700}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clancy |first1=Thomas Owen |year=2000 |chapter=Scotland, the "Nennian" recension of the ''Historia Brittonum'', and the ''Lebor Bretnach'' |editor1-last=Taylor |editor1-first=Simon |title=Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland 500–1297: Essays in Honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the Occasion of her Ninetieth Birthday |location=Dublin |publisher=Four Courts Press |pages=87–107 |isbn=1851825169 }}</ref> It is generally agreed that ''Lebor Bretnach'' dates to the mid or late 11th century.{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=11}}{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}
== Eagráin
* {{cite book
|year=1848
|editor1-last=Todd
|editor1-first=James Henthorn
|editor1-link=James Henthorn Todd
|title=Leabhar Breathnach Annso Sis: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Irish Archaeological Society
| url = https://archive.org/details/leabharbreathnac00nennuoft
}}, ar CELT as: [https://celt.ucc.ie//published/G100028/index.html Gaeilge]
* {{cite book
|year=1937
|editor1-last=van Hamel
|editor1-first=A. G.
|editor1-link=A. G. van Hamel
|title=Lebor Bretnach: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum Ascribed to Nennius
|series=Irish Manuscripts Commission, Volume 5
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Oifig an tSoláthair
}}
== Féach freisin
* [[Nennius]] — a Welsh monk of the 9th century
* [[Frankish Table of Nations]] — a Latin source for the genealogies
== Foinsí
* {{citation
|last=Dooley
|first=Ann
|author-link=Ann Dooley
|date=2004
|title=Arthur of the Irish: A viable concept?
|journal=Arthurian Literature |volume=21
|pages=9–28
}}
* {{citation
|last=Evans
|first=Nicholas
|editor-last=Duffy
|editor-first=Sean |encyclopedia=Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
|title=Scottish influence
|year=2005
|publisher=Routledge
|location=Londain
|isbn=0415940524
|pages=699–700
}}
* {{citation
|url=http://www.historiabrittonum.net/?page_id=20
|title=Lebor Bretnach |last1=Fitzpatrick-Matthews |first1=Keith J.
|date=2007–2015
|website=Historia Brittonum
}}
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Litríocht na hÉireann]]
== Annales Dominicani de Roscoman ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
[[Íomhá:Roscommon_Priory_-_aerial_-_2024-12-27_01.jpg|thumb|'' Ruins of Roscommon Dominican Priory]]
The '''Dominican Annals of Roscommon''' ({{Lang|la|Annales Dominicani de Roscoman}}) is an [[Annála Éireannacha]], covering events, mainly in Connacht and its neighbouring regions, from 1163 to 1314, spanning the period of the [[Ionradh na Normannach ar Éirinn]] and the early part of [[Tiarnas na hÉireann]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://groups.io/g/Educator-Gold/topic/digital_humanities_digital/334356
| teideal=CELT Project: The Corpus of Electronic Texts
| suíomh=groups.io
}}</ref> It also mentions some matters to do with the [[na Doiminicigh]], [[An Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach] matters in general, and political relations with [[Ríocht Shasana]].<ref name=adrcelt>{{lua idirlín
|url=https://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/
|teideal=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman
|suíomh=celt.ucc.ie
}}</ref>
It was compiled in [[Laidin]] in [[Roscommon Dominican Priory]] (Blackfriars).<ref>Finn, R. (2023:10). ''The Dominicans in the British Isles and Beyond: A New History of the English Province of the Friars Preachers''. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.</ref> The abbey was founded by and supported by the [[Uí Chonchúir]] [[ríthe na gConnacht]]. Occasional examples of pro-O'Connor bias are noted: for example, the [[Blinding (punishment)|blinding]] of Muirchertach Ua Conchobair by his brother, the king [[Ruaidrí mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair|Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]], is not mentioned, and when the 1193 [[creachadh]] of the monastery on [[Inchcleraun]] is mentioned, it is attributed to [[Gilbert de Lacy]], whereas the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] mention that [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair]] was also responsible.<ref name=adrcelt/>
The largest part of the Annals are attributed to [[Odo O'Hanmerech]] (died in 1306).
The annals survive in a seventeenth-century manuscript that once belonged to [[James Ware]].
Among its notable entries are a mention of the drying-up of the River Galvia, apparently an early name for [[Abhainn na Gaillimhe]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://steemit.com/ireland/@harlotscurse/a-sova-potamoy-ekvolai
| teideal=Αὐσοβα Ποταμου Εκβολαι
| dáta=3ú Meán Fómhair 2018
| suíomh=Steemit
}}</ref>
== Féach freisin
* [[Annála Éireannacha]]
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Annála Éireannacha]]
{{síol-ie}}
== Inis Cloithrinn ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Séadchomhartha}}
91<ref>{{lua idirlín
| teideal=National Monuments of County Longford in State Care
| url = http://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-longford.pdf
| page=1
| suíomh=heritageireland.ie
| foilsitheoir=National Monument Service
| dátarochtana=2a Iúil 2020
}}</ref>
'' '''Inis Cloithrinn''', is an island situated in [[Loch Rí]] on the [[an tSionainn]], in central Ireland.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/inchcleraun-island/
| teideal=Inchcleraun Island / Quaker Island - Longford -
| ainm=Michael
| Aoine=Heraghty
| dáta=15ú Deireadh Fómhair 2004
| dátarochtana=22a Meitheamh 2016
| archive-date=8ú Lúnasa 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160808025929/http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/inchcleraun-island/
| url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/environment-geography/physical-landscape/historical-features-of-co/islands/
| teideal=Islands
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.earlychristianireland.net/Counties/longford/inchcleraun/
| teideal=Inchcleraun (quaker island), County Longford
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.longfordtourism.ie/see-do/attractions/lough-ree/
| teideal=Lough Ree
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.newtowncashel.ie/inchclearaun-island.html
| teideal=Inchclearaun Island - Newtowncashel - Co. Longford
}}</ref>
'' The island is home to the ruins of St. Diarmaid's Monastery, a [[mainistir]] founded by [[Diarmaid the Just]] in AD 560. These buildings constitute a [[Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]].
== An Inis
'' Inis Cloithrinn is an island of {{Convert|57.7|ha|abbr=on}} located in the centre of [[Loch Rí]], with [[Cnoc an Chrochaire]], Contae Ros Comáin to its west and [[Baile Nua an Chaisil]], Contae Longfoirt to its east.
[[Íomhá:Inchcleraun Monastery.jpg|thumb|Mainister Inis Cloithrinn]]
== Stair
'' The island takes its name from Irish for "[[Cloithre]]'s Island". In [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], Clothru was a daughter of [[Eochaid Feidlech]], then [[ardrí na hÉireann]]. She became the Queen of Connacht after her father's death, and once owned the island. Her sister, [[Medb]], retired to Inchcleraun after Medb's husband [[Ailill mac Máta]] killed her lover [[Fergus mac Róich]]. One point is called '' Grianán Maebha '', and nearby is ''Ionad Marbhtha Meidhbhe'', where she was killed by a stone thrown from [[Elfeet Castle]], on the Longford side of the lake. In other versions of the legend, it is a lump of cheese fired from a [[slingshot]] by a nephew of Clothru.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.longfordlibrary.ie/lib_arc_inside.aspx?id=15036
| teideal=Longford Library
| ainm=Longford
| sloinne=Library
}}</ref>
[[Íomhá:Myths and legends; the Celtic race (1910) (14596952367).jpg|thumb|'' "The Death of Maev" ([[T. W. Rolleston]], 1910); Forbay with [[sling (weapon)|sling]] in foreground, Medb bathing in the background.]]
'' The name "Quaker Island" is more recent, and owes to the island being owned at one time by [[Cumann na gCarad|Caecar]]. The island is today owned by the Irish state.
== Tagairtí annálacha ==
*'''719''' St Sionnach of Inchcleraun died on 20 April.
*'''769''' Curoi, the son of Alniadh, Abbot and Sage of Inchcleraun, and of Caill Fochladha ([[Loch Dairbhreach]]) in Meath died.
*'''780''' Eochaidh, the son of Focartach, Abbot of Fochladha and of Inchcleraun, died.
*'''1010''' The men of [[an Mhumhain]] plundered Inchcleraun and [[Inis Bó Finne]]
*'''1050''' Inchcleraun was plundered.
*'''1087''' The fleet of the men of Munster, with [[Muircheartach Ua Briain]], sailed on the Shannon to Lough Ree and plundered the islands of the lake (inc. Inchcleraun)
*'''1136''' [[Áed Ua Finn]], the [[Bishop of Kilmore|Bishop of Bréifne]], died in Inchcleraun
*'''1141''' Giolla na Naomh Mac Fearghail, chief of the people of [[an Anaíle]], the most prosperous man in Ireland, died at a great age and was buried at Inchcleraun.
*'''1150''' Morogh, the son of the above, the tower of splendour and nobility in East [[Connacht]] died in Inchcleraun.
*'''1160''' Gilla na Naomh Ó Duinn, [[ollamh Éireann]] of Inchcleraun, teacher of history and poetry sent his spirit to the Supreme Father amidst a choir of angels on the 17th day of December in the year of his 58th birthday.
*'''1167''' Cinaeth Ua Cethearnaigh, Priest of Inchcleraun died.
*'''1168''' Dubhcobhlach, the daughter of O'Quinn, wife of Mac Corgamna, died and was interred in Inchcleraun
*'''1170''' Diarmaid Ó Briain, [[Coarb]] of Comman, was chief senior of the east of Connaught, died in Inchcleraun in the 95th year of his age.
*'''1174''' Rory O'Carroll, Lord of [[Éile]], was slain in the middle of Inchcleraun
*'''1189''' It was at Inchcleraun on Lough Ree that the [[hostage]]s of [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair]] were kept at the time.
*'''1193''' Inchcleraun was plundered by the sons of Costelloe and by the sons of O'Connor Maon-Moy
*'''1232''' Tiapraide O' Breen, Coarb of [[Comán mac Faelchon]], an ecclesiastic learned in History and Law, died on his pilgrimage on the island of Inchcleraun
*'''1244''' Donnchad mac Fíngein Ó Conchobhair, who was the grandson of Hugh, son of Torlogh O'Connor, [[Bishop of Elphin]], died 23 April on Inchcleraun, and was interred in the [[Mainistir na Búille]].
== Foirgnimh ==
'' Between 800 and 1300 the island and its churches were repeatedly plundered and burned by invaders, so the buildings are in ruins today. Six of the island's churches are surrounded by an [[Enclosure (archaeology)|enclosure]] in the southeast corner of the island.
=== Teampall Diarmada
'' Teampall Diarmada is the monastery founded by Saint [[Diarmaid the Just]] (who was a teacher of [[Ciarán of Clonmacnoise]]) in 540 AD. This church once had a stone roof.<ref name=newtowncashel>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.newtowncashel.ie/inchclearaun-island.html
| teideal=Inchclearaun Island - Newtowncashel - Co. Longford
}}</ref>
=== Teampall Mór
'' Teampall Mór stands within four metres to the north of Teampall Diarmada. It consists of a single nave. Its plain masonry walls are in relatively good condition. There are two lancet windows at the east end, which are long, narrow and recessed. The windows on the south side have the appearance of later additions and are unsymmetrical. All traces of doors have vanished, but the opes, which have been arched and protected by the Board of Works, seem to indicate the position of a west door and an entrance on the north side to the cloister. An upper chamber exists.
'' The interior walls of the church were once plastered. The walls have lost their distinctive features of detail, except for the east window, which is similar in construction to that of the Teampall Clogas. The interior arch of the east window is circular, built of four stones. The exterior has only two stones forming a pointed arch.
'' There is the remains of an altar, built of rubble work but without the altar slab. The door in the south wall of the nave has a circular moulding. The north door is only a gap.
'' This church is situated a short distance to the south of the cluster of churches. It is more modern in appearance than any of the others. At the north-west corner is a more modern chamber with no visible entrance. Near this church, half buried with its face downward is a stone bearing incised on its surface a Celtic interlaced cross with an Irish inscription.<ref name=newtowncashel/>
=== Templemurry
'' Templemurry is the largest church on the island.<ref name=newtowncashel/> According to local lore, any woman who enters Templemurray will die within a year.
=== Teampall Clogas
'' Teampall Clogas is one of the churches, and stands alone at the highest point of the island.<ref name=newtowncashel/> It has a square [[clogas]], which is attached to the main building. Most churches of this era had [[Irish round tower|round towers]], separate from the main building. It is located on the northern part of the island and is visible from the shoreline. On the plan the church is rectangular, being {{Convert|10.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} by {{Convert|5.1|m|ft|abbr=on}}.
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]]
== Foclóireacht ==
# [[Foclóireacht na Gaeilge]]
# [[Leabharlann an Ard Easpaig Marsh]]=[[Leabharlann Marsh]]-
# [[foclóir.ie]]=[[focloir.ie]]
== An Féineachas ==
[[An Féineachas]] (agus/nó b'fhéidir [[Seanchas]] / [[Béaloideas]]).
Spreagtha ag ''[[:en:Wikipedia:Recent_additions/2025/March#8 March 2025|Recent additions, 8 March 2025]]''
''[https://dil.ie/34117 othrus]'' ≈ fulaingt tinnis/othrais.
Teimpléid;
* [[Teimpléad:WD Bosca Sonraí Doiciméad]]
* [[Teimpléad:efn]]
Nuashonraithe (lámhscríbhinní):
# [[Senchas Már]] (SM)
# [[Bechbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Bechbretha agus Coibes Uisci Thairdne|SM #21]])
# [[Bretha Crólige]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #33]])
# [[Críth Gablach]] (MacA)
# [[Gúbretha Caratniad]] ([[Bodleian Library]], [[Rawlinson B 502]])
As nua, iomlán:
# [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici]] (CIH)
# [[Sanas Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]] (MacA)
# [[Cethairṡlicht Athgabálae]] ([[Senchas Már#Cethairslicht Athgabálae|SM #2]])
# [[Sechtae]] ([[Senchas Már#Sechtae|SM #9]])
# [[Recholl Breth]] (SM #13)
# [[Bretha Déin Chécht]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #34]])
# [[Muirbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Clár ábhar|SM #38]])
# [[Anfuigell]] (m.s., CnaT, LS 1387; MacA)
# [[Berrad Airechta]] (CnaT, LS 1337)
# [[Bretha Étgid]] ([[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann|ARÉ]] LS 23 P 3)
# [[Cóic Conara Fugill]] (m.s., [[Uraicecht Becc]], [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Di Astud Chor]] (''via'' [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Mellbretha]] ([[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|CnaT]], LS 1363)
# [[Uí Lochlainn]]
# [[Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]]
# [[CnaT BÁC, LS 1317]], [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath, LS 1317]]
# [[Bóaire]]
# [[Coinmheadh is buannacht]]
# [[Brehon Law Commission]]
# [[Mac Aodhagáin]] → [[Mhic Aodhagáin]]
# [[John Lynch (Gratianus Lucius)]]
# [[Fearghas Ó Ceallaigh]]
# [[Leabharlann COBÁC]]
# [[Cathair Mhic Neachtain]]
# [[Thom McGinty]]
As nua, síolta:
# [[Dlí Ceilteach]]-
# [[Gabháil chine]]-
# [[Cyfraith Hywel]]-
# [[Galanas]]-
# [[Accessus ad auctores]]-
# [[Hapax legomenon]]-
# [[Robert Atkinson]]-
== Dlí luath na hÉireann ==
Fainic: sách fada, mionchúiseach agus as Béarla, mar bharr ar an donas.
The particular "[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/féineachas An] [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20Irish%20law/ Féineachas]" aside, I'm looking at the general phrase "early Irish law".
My dad was a fishmonger and was always careful to say about his produce "smoked Irish salmon" and not "Irish smoked salmon", if you see the difference.
Is it then "early law of ..." or "law of early ..."? Is "Irish" the language (surely not), the culture, the people or the nation, and in what period? Should "early" be translated as luath or moch? If luath, should it be "luath-" or "- luath"?
Given those options, "early Irish law" could be anything from "luathdhlí Gaelach" to "dlí na hÉireann moiche" and points in between. I favour the former.
Similarly, for "Celtic law" I favour "dlí Ceilteach", i.e., the culture not the people (the Celts, ... na gCeilteach).
Notes:
* Moch: cf. [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20modern%20irish/ Nua-Ghaeilge Mhoch] on téarma.ie
* "Irish": Gaelach, na nGael, Éireannach, na hÉireann?
* What about Welsh, English or Roman law?
{{Dlí luath na hÉireann}}
== Téamh domhanda ==
••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir
Ann cheana:
* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming
* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] ''Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy
'Cúis'eanna nua:
# [[Gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas
# [[Astaíocht charbóin]] '' Carbon emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]] '' Greenhouse gas emission due to agriculture
hm3j4upir5tu6c360tqrtie8faxlkw3
1269356
1269355
2025-06-10T09:53:56Z
Marcas.oduinn
33120
/* Litríocht */
1269356
wikitext
text/x-wiki
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
== Litríocht ==
# [[Murúch]]-
# [[Tongu do dia toinges mo thúath]]-
# [[Remscéla]]=[[Réamhscéalta]]
# [[Bernhard Maier]]
# ''[[:en:Foraire Uladh ar Aodh|Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]'' - [[Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]
# ''[[:en:Lebor Bretnach|Lebor Bretnach]]'' - [[Lebor Bretnach]]=[[Leabhar Breatnach]]
# ''[[:en:Dominican Annals of Roscommon|Dominican Annals of Roscommon]]'' - [[Annála Doiminiceacha Ros Comáin]]
# ''[[:en:Inchcleraun|Inchcleraun]]'' - [[Inis Cloithrinn]]
# ''[[:en:Inchbofin|Inchbofin]]'' - [[Inis Bó Finne, Contae na hIarmhí]]
# ''[[:en:Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh|Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]'' - [[Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]
# ''[[:en:Ranna an aeir|Ranna an aeir]]'' - [[Ranna an aeir]]
# ''[[:en:Irish Astronomical Tract|Irish Astronomical Tract]]'' - [[]]
== Lebor Bretnach ==
{{tl|teideal iodálach}}
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
'''''Lebor Bretnach''''', [[Irish orthography]] '''''Leabhar Breathnach''''' and sometimes known as the '''Irish Nennius''', is an 11th-century historical work in [[teangacha Gaelacha]], largely consisting of a translation of the ''[[Historia Brittonum]]''. It may have originated in Scotland, although it has traditionally been attributed to the Irish poet [[Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde|Gilla Cóemáin]].
== Lámhscríbhinní
''Lebor Bretnach'' exists in five manuscripts:
* '''U'''. Baile Átha Cliath, [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]], MS 23 E 25 (1229). A 12th-century fragment in the ''[[Lebor na hUidre|Leabhar na hUidhre]]''.
* '''B'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 12 (536). A 14th-century manuscript known as the ''[[Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta]]''.
* '''H'''. BÁC, [[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|Coláiste na Tríonóide]], MS H. 3. 17. Probably written in the 14th or early 15th century.
* '''M'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS Stowe D ii 1. Known as the ''[[Leabhar Ua Maine|Leabhar Uí Mhaine]]'', written before 1423.
* '''L'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 2 (535) agus BÁC, CnaT, MS H. 2. 17, Iml. 2 (1319). Known as the ''[[Leabhar Mór Leacáin]]'', written c. 1417.{{sfn|Todd|1848|p=viii}}
== Ábhair
''Lebor Bretnach'' is a translation of a 9th-century historical collection purportedly written by Nennius, the ''Historia Brittonum'', but not an entirely literal one. It only summarises the ''Historia Brittonum'' where that work deals with specifically Gaelic matters already familiar to scholars in Ireland and Scotland, and in some other passages it includes additional material taken from, for example, the ''[[Sex Aetates Mundi (Meán-Ghaeilge)|Sex Aetates Mundi]]'', [[Bede]]'s ''[[Ecclesiastical History of the English People|Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum]]'', and a [[na Cruithnigh|Pictish]] king-list.{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=13}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}}
== Údair agus dáta
In two manuscripts of ''Lebor Bretnach'', '''H''' and '''M''', the translation is ascribed to the poet Gilla Cóemáin (fl. 1071/2).{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} This ascription is now in doubt,{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}} and the historian [[Thomas Owen Clancy]] has suggested that ''Lebor Bretnach'' was instead only intended to be dedicated to Gilla Cóemáin.{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} Traditionally there had been an assumption that the translation had been an Irish work, but Clancy has argued for a Scottish provenance, suggesting an origin at [[Abernethy, Perth and Kinross|Abernethy]], though probably intended for an Irish readership that had perhaps become interested in Scottish literature and history as a result of the military success and prestige of the [[Kingdom of Alba]].{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=700}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clancy |first1=Thomas Owen |year=2000 |chapter=Scotland, the "Nennian" recension of the ''Historia Brittonum'', and the ''Lebor Bretnach'' |editor1-last=Taylor |editor1-first=Simon |title=Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland 500–1297: Essays in Honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the Occasion of her Ninetieth Birthday |location=Dublin |publisher=Four Courts Press |pages=87–107 |isbn=1851825169 }}</ref> It is generally agreed that ''Lebor Bretnach'' dates to the mid or late 11th century.{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=11}}{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}
== Eagráin
* {{cite book
|year=1848
|editor1-last=Todd
|editor1-first=James Henthorn
|editor1-link=James Henthorn Todd
|title=Leabhar Breathnach Annso Sis: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Irish Archaeological Society
| url = https://archive.org/details/leabharbreathnac00nennuoft
}}, ar CELT as: [https://celt.ucc.ie//published/G100028/index.html Gaeilge]
* {{cite book
|year=1937
|editor1-last=van Hamel
|editor1-first=A. G.
|editor1-link=A. G. van Hamel
|title=Lebor Bretnach: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum Ascribed to Nennius
|series=Irish Manuscripts Commission, Volume 5
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Oifig an tSoláthair
}}
== Féach freisin
* [[Nennius]] — a Welsh monk of the 9th century
* [[Frankish Table of Nations]] — a Latin source for the genealogies
== Foinsí
* {{citation
|last=Dooley
|first=Ann
|author-link=Ann Dooley
|date=2004
|title=Arthur of the Irish: A viable concept?
|journal=Arthurian Literature |volume=21
|pages=9–28
}}
* {{citation
|last=Evans
|first=Nicholas
|editor-last=Duffy
|editor-first=Sean |encyclopedia=Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
|title=Scottish influence
|year=2005
|publisher=Routledge
|location=Londain
|isbn=0415940524
|pages=699–700
}}
* {{citation
|url=http://www.historiabrittonum.net/?page_id=20
|title=Lebor Bretnach |last1=Fitzpatrick-Matthews |first1=Keith J.
|date=2007–2015
|website=Historia Brittonum
}}
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Litríocht na hÉireann]]
== Annales Dominicani de Roscoman ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
[[Íomhá:Roscommon_Priory_-_aerial_-_2024-12-27_01.jpg|thumb|'' Ruins of Roscommon Dominican Priory]]
The '''Dominican Annals of Roscommon''' ({{Lang|la|Annales Dominicani de Roscoman}}) is an [[Annála Éireannacha]], covering events, mainly in Connacht and its neighbouring regions, from 1163 to 1314, spanning the period of the [[Ionradh na Normannach ar Éirinn]] and the early part of [[Tiarnas na hÉireann]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://groups.io/g/Educator-Gold/topic/digital_humanities_digital/334356
| teideal=CELT Project: The Corpus of Electronic Texts
| suíomh=groups.io
}}</ref> It also mentions some matters to do with the [[na Doiminicigh]], [[An Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach] matters in general, and political relations with [[Ríocht Shasana]].<ref name=adrcelt>{{lua idirlín
|url=https://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/
|teideal=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman
|suíomh=celt.ucc.ie
}}</ref>
It was compiled in [[Laidin]] in [[Roscommon Dominican Priory]] (Blackfriars).<ref>Finn, R. (2023:10). ''The Dominicans in the British Isles and Beyond: A New History of the English Province of the Friars Preachers''. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.</ref> The abbey was founded by and supported by the [[Uí Chonchúir]] [[ríthe na gConnacht]]. Occasional examples of pro-O'Connor bias are noted: for example, the [[Blinding (punishment)|blinding]] of Muirchertach Ua Conchobair by his brother, the king [[Ruaidrí mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair|Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]], is not mentioned, and when the 1193 [[creachadh]] of the monastery on [[Inchcleraun]] is mentioned, it is attributed to [[Gilbert de Lacy]], whereas the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] mention that [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair]] was also responsible.<ref name=adrcelt/>
The largest part of the Annals are attributed to [[Odo O'Hanmerech]] (died in 1306).
The annals survive in a seventeenth-century manuscript that once belonged to [[James Ware]].
Among its notable entries are a mention of the drying-up of the River Galvia, apparently an early name for [[Abhainn na Gaillimhe]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://steemit.com/ireland/@harlotscurse/a-sova-potamoy-ekvolai
| teideal=Αὐσοβα Ποταμου Εκβολαι
| dáta=3ú Meán Fómhair 2018
| suíomh=Steemit
}}</ref>
== Féach freisin
* [[Annála Éireannacha]]
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Annála Éireannacha]]
{{síol-ie}}
== Inis Cloithrinn ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Séadchomhartha}}
91<ref>{{lua idirlín
| teideal=National Monuments of County Longford in State Care
| url = http://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-longford.pdf
| page=1
| suíomh=heritageireland.ie
| foilsitheoir=National Monument Service
| dátarochtana=2a Iúil 2020
}}</ref>
'' '''Inis Cloithrinn''', is an island situated in [[Loch Rí]] on the [[an tSionainn]], in central Ireland.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/inchcleraun-island/
| teideal=Inchcleraun Island / Quaker Island - Longford -
| ainm=Michael
| Aoine=Heraghty
| dáta=15ú Deireadh Fómhair 2004
| dátarochtana=22a Meitheamh 2016
| archive-date=8ú Lúnasa 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160808025929/http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/inchcleraun-island/
| url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/environment-geography/physical-landscape/historical-features-of-co/islands/
| teideal=Islands
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.earlychristianireland.net/Counties/longford/inchcleraun/
| teideal=Inchcleraun (quaker island), County Longford
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.longfordtourism.ie/see-do/attractions/lough-ree/
| teideal=Lough Ree
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.newtowncashel.ie/inchclearaun-island.html
| teideal=Inchclearaun Island - Newtowncashel - Co. Longford
}}</ref>
'' The island is home to the ruins of St. Diarmaid's Monastery, a [[mainistir]] founded by [[Diarmaid the Just]] in AD 560. These buildings constitute a [[Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]].
== An Inis
'' Inis Cloithrinn is an island of {{Convert|57.7|ha|abbr=on}} located in the centre of [[Loch Rí]], with [[Cnoc an Chrochaire]], Contae Ros Comáin to its west and [[Baile Nua an Chaisil]], Contae Longfoirt to its east.
[[Íomhá:Inchcleraun Monastery.jpg|thumb|Mainister Inis Cloithrinn]]
== Stair
'' The island takes its name from Irish for "[[Cloithre]]'s Island". In [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], Clothru was a daughter of [[Eochaid Feidlech]], then [[ardrí na hÉireann]]. She became the Queen of Connacht after her father's death, and once owned the island. Her sister, [[Medb]], retired to Inchcleraun after Medb's husband [[Ailill mac Máta]] killed her lover [[Fergus mac Róich]]. One point is called '' Grianán Maebha '', and nearby is ''Ionad Marbhtha Meidhbhe'', where she was killed by a stone thrown from [[Elfeet Castle]], on the Longford side of the lake. In other versions of the legend, it is a lump of cheese fired from a [[slingshot]] by a nephew of Clothru.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.longfordlibrary.ie/lib_arc_inside.aspx?id=15036
| teideal=Longford Library
| ainm=Longford
| sloinne=Library
}}</ref>
[[Íomhá:Myths and legends; the Celtic race (1910) (14596952367).jpg|thumb|'' "The Death of Maev" ([[T. W. Rolleston]], 1910); Forbay with [[sling (weapon)|sling]] in foreground, Medb bathing in the background.]]
'' The name "Quaker Island" is more recent, and owes to the island being owned at one time by [[Cumann na gCarad|Caecar]]. The island is today owned by the Irish state.
== Tagairtí annálacha ==
*'''719''' St Sionnach of Inchcleraun died on 20 April.
*'''769''' Curoi, the son of Alniadh, Abbot and Sage of Inchcleraun, and of Caill Fochladha ([[Loch Dairbhreach]]) in Meath died.
*'''780''' Eochaidh, the son of Focartach, Abbot of Fochladha and of Inchcleraun, died.
*'''1010''' The men of [[an Mhumhain]] plundered Inchcleraun and [[Inis Bó Finne]]
*'''1050''' Inchcleraun was plundered.
*'''1087''' The fleet of the men of Munster, with [[Muircheartach Ua Briain]], sailed on the Shannon to Lough Ree and plundered the islands of the lake (inc. Inchcleraun)
*'''1136''' [[Áed Ua Finn]], the [[Bishop of Kilmore|Bishop of Bréifne]], died in Inchcleraun
*'''1141''' Giolla na Naomh Mac Fearghail, chief of the people of [[an Anaíle]], the most prosperous man in Ireland, died at a great age and was buried at Inchcleraun.
*'''1150''' Morogh, the son of the above, the tower of splendour and nobility in East [[Connacht]] died in Inchcleraun.
*'''1160''' Gilla na Naomh Ó Duinn, [[ollamh Éireann]] of Inchcleraun, teacher of history and poetry sent his spirit to the Supreme Father amidst a choir of angels on the 17th day of December in the year of his 58th birthday.
*'''1167''' Cinaeth Ua Cethearnaigh, Priest of Inchcleraun died.
*'''1168''' Dubhcobhlach, the daughter of O'Quinn, wife of Mac Corgamna, died and was interred in Inchcleraun
*'''1170''' Diarmaid Ó Briain, [[Coarb]] of Comman, was chief senior of the east of Connaught, died in Inchcleraun in the 95th year of his age.
*'''1174''' Rory O'Carroll, Lord of [[Éile]], was slain in the middle of Inchcleraun
*'''1189''' It was at Inchcleraun on Lough Ree that the [[hostage]]s of [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair]] were kept at the time.
*'''1193''' Inchcleraun was plundered by the sons of Costelloe and by the sons of O'Connor Maon-Moy
*'''1232''' Tiapraide O' Breen, Coarb of [[Comán mac Faelchon]], an ecclesiastic learned in History and Law, died on his pilgrimage on the island of Inchcleraun
*'''1244''' Donnchad mac Fíngein Ó Conchobhair, who was the grandson of Hugh, son of Torlogh O'Connor, [[Bishop of Elphin]], died 23 April on Inchcleraun, and was interred in the [[Mainistir na Búille]].
== Foirgnimh ==
'' Between 800 and 1300 the island and its churches were repeatedly plundered and burned by invaders, so the buildings are in ruins today. Six of the island's churches are surrounded by an [[Enclosure (archaeology)|enclosure]] in the southeast corner of the island.
=== Teampall Diarmada
'' Teampall Diarmada is the monastery founded by Saint [[Diarmaid the Just]] (who was a teacher of [[Ciarán of Clonmacnoise]]) in 540 AD. This church once had a stone roof.<ref name=newtowncashel>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.newtowncashel.ie/inchclearaun-island.html
| teideal=Inchclearaun Island - Newtowncashel - Co. Longford
}}</ref>
=== Teampall Mór
'' Teampall Mór stands within four metres to the north of Teampall Diarmada. It consists of a single nave. Its plain masonry walls are in relatively good condition. There are two lancet windows at the east end, which are long, narrow and recessed. The windows on the south side have the appearance of later additions and are unsymmetrical. All traces of doors have vanished, but the opes, which have been arched and protected by the Board of Works, seem to indicate the position of a west door and an entrance on the north side to the cloister. An upper chamber exists.
'' The interior walls of the church were once plastered. The walls have lost their distinctive features of detail, except for the east window, which is similar in construction to that of the Teampall Clogas. The interior arch of the east window is circular, built of four stones. The exterior has only two stones forming a pointed arch.
'' There is the remains of an altar, built of rubble work but without the altar slab. The door in the south wall of the nave has a circular moulding. The north door is only a gap.
'' This church is situated a short distance to the south of the cluster of churches. It is more modern in appearance than any of the others. At the north-west corner is a more modern chamber with no visible entrance. Near this church, half buried with its face downward is a stone bearing incised on its surface a Celtic interlaced cross with an Irish inscription.<ref name=newtowncashel/>
=== Templemurry
'' Templemurry is the largest church on the island.<ref name=newtowncashel/> According to local lore, any woman who enters Templemurray will die within a year.
=== Teampall Clogas
'' Teampall Clogas is one of the churches, and stands alone at the highest point of the island.<ref name=newtowncashel/> It has a square [[clogas]], which is attached to the main building. Most churches of this era had [[Irish round tower|round towers]], separate from the main building. It is located on the northern part of the island and is visible from the shoreline. On the plan the church is rectangular, being {{Convert|10.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} by {{Convert|5.1|m|ft|abbr=on}}.
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]]
== Foclóireacht ==
# [[Foclóireacht na Gaeilge]]
# [[Leabharlann an Ard Easpaig Marsh]]=[[Leabharlann Marsh]]-
# [[foclóir.ie]]=[[focloir.ie]]
== An Féineachas ==
[[An Féineachas]] (agus/nó b'fhéidir [[Seanchas]] / [[Béaloideas]]).
Spreagtha ag ''[[:en:Wikipedia:Recent_additions/2025/March#8 March 2025|Recent additions, 8 March 2025]]''
''[https://dil.ie/34117 othrus]'' ≈ fulaingt tinnis/othrais.
Teimpléid;
* [[Teimpléad:WD Bosca Sonraí Doiciméad]]
* [[Teimpléad:efn]]
Nuashonraithe (lámhscríbhinní):
# [[Senchas Már]] (SM)
# [[Bechbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Bechbretha agus Coibes Uisci Thairdne|SM #21]])
# [[Bretha Crólige]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #33]])
# [[Críth Gablach]] (MacA)
# [[Gúbretha Caratniad]] ([[Bodleian Library]], [[Rawlinson B 502]])
As nua, iomlán:
# [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici]] (CIH)
# [[Sanas Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]] (MacA)
# [[Cethairṡlicht Athgabálae]] ([[Senchas Már#Cethairslicht Athgabálae|SM #2]])
# [[Sechtae]] ([[Senchas Már#Sechtae|SM #9]])
# [[Recholl Breth]] (SM #13)
# [[Bretha Déin Chécht]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #34]])
# [[Muirbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Clár ábhar|SM #38]])
# [[Anfuigell]] (m.s., CnaT, LS 1387; MacA)
# [[Berrad Airechta]] (CnaT, LS 1337)
# [[Bretha Étgid]] ([[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann|ARÉ]] LS 23 P 3)
# [[Cóic Conara Fugill]] (m.s., [[Uraicecht Becc]], [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Di Astud Chor]] (''via'' [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Mellbretha]] ([[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|CnaT]], LS 1363)
# [[Uí Lochlainn]]
# [[Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]]
# [[CnaT BÁC, LS 1317]], [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath, LS 1317]]
# [[Bóaire]]
# [[Coinmheadh is buannacht]]
# [[Brehon Law Commission]]
# [[Mac Aodhagáin]] → [[Mhic Aodhagáin]]
# [[John Lynch (Gratianus Lucius)]]
# [[Fearghas Ó Ceallaigh]]
# [[Leabharlann COBÁC]]
# [[Cathair Mhic Neachtain]]
# [[Thom McGinty]]
As nua, síolta:
# [[Dlí Ceilteach]]-
# [[Gabháil chine]]-
# [[Cyfraith Hywel]]-
# [[Galanas]]-
# [[Accessus ad auctores]]-
# [[Hapax legomenon]]-
# [[Robert Atkinson]]-
== Dlí luath na hÉireann ==
Fainic: sách fada, mionchúiseach agus as Béarla, mar bharr ar an donas.
The particular "[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/féineachas An] [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20Irish%20law/ Féineachas]" aside, I'm looking at the general phrase "early Irish law".
My dad was a fishmonger and was always careful to say about his produce "smoked Irish salmon" and not "Irish smoked salmon", if you see the difference.
Is it then "early law of ..." or "law of early ..."? Is "Irish" the language (surely not), the culture, the people or the nation, and in what period? Should "early" be translated as luath or moch? If luath, should it be "luath-" or "- luath"?
Given those options, "early Irish law" could be anything from "luathdhlí Gaelach" to "dlí na hÉireann moiche" and points in between. I favour the former.
Similarly, for "Celtic law" I favour "dlí Ceilteach", i.e., the culture not the people (the Celts, ... na gCeilteach).
Notes:
* Moch: cf. [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20modern%20irish/ Nua-Ghaeilge Mhoch] on téarma.ie
* "Irish": Gaelach, na nGael, Éireannach, na hÉireann?
* What about Welsh, English or Roman law?
{{Dlí luath na hÉireann}}
== Téamh domhanda ==
••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir
Ann cheana:
* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming
* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] ''Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy
'Cúis'eanna nua:
# [[Gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas
# [[Astaíocht charbóin]] '' Carbon emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]] '' Greenhouse gas emission due to agriculture
njqahhuhns0gn9osfs5a7wgmxiz0vvt
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/* Inis Bó Finne */
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__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
== Litríocht ==
# [[Murúch]]-
# [[Tongu do dia toinges mo thúath]]-
# [[Remscéla]]=[[Réamhscéalta]]
# [[Bernhard Maier]]
# ''[[:en:Foraire Uladh ar Aodh|Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]'' - [[Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]
# ''[[:en:Lebor Bretnach|Lebor Bretnach]]'' - [[Lebor Bretnach]]=[[Leabhar Breatnach]]
# ''[[:en:Dominican Annals of Roscommon|Dominican Annals of Roscommon]]'' - [[Annála Doiminiceacha Ros Comáin]]
# ''[[:en:Inchcleraun|Inchcleraun]]'' - [[Inis Cloithrinn]]
# ''[[:en:Inchbofin|Inchbofin]]'' - [[Inis Bó Finne, Contae na hIarmhí]]
# ''[[:en:Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh|Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]'' - [[Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]
# ''[[:en:Ranna an aeir|Ranna an aeir]]'' - [[Ranna an aeir]]
# ''[[:en:Irish Astronomical Tract|Irish Astronomical Tract]]'' - [[]]
== Lebor Bretnach ==
{{tl|teideal iodálach}}
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
'''''Lebor Bretnach''''', [[Irish orthography]] '''''Leabhar Breathnach''''' and sometimes known as the '''Irish Nennius''', is an 11th-century historical work in [[teangacha Gaelacha]], largely consisting of a translation of the ''[[Historia Brittonum]]''. It may have originated in Scotland, although it has traditionally been attributed to the Irish poet [[Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde|Gilla Cóemáin]].
== Lámhscríbhinní
''Lebor Bretnach'' exists in five manuscripts:
* '''U'''. Baile Átha Cliath, [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]], MS 23 E 25 (1229). A 12th-century fragment in the ''[[Lebor na hUidre|Leabhar na hUidhre]]''.
* '''B'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 12 (536). A 14th-century manuscript known as the ''[[Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta]]''.
* '''H'''. BÁC, [[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|Coláiste na Tríonóide]], MS H. 3. 17. Probably written in the 14th or early 15th century.
* '''M'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS Stowe D ii 1. Known as the ''[[Leabhar Ua Maine|Leabhar Uí Mhaine]]'', written before 1423.
* '''L'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 2 (535) agus BÁC, CnaT, MS H. 2. 17, Iml. 2 (1319). Known as the ''[[Leabhar Mór Leacáin]]'', written c. 1417.{{sfn|Todd|1848|p=viii}}
== Ábhair
''Lebor Bretnach'' is a translation of a 9th-century historical collection purportedly written by Nennius, the ''Historia Brittonum'', but not an entirely literal one. It only summarises the ''Historia Brittonum'' where that work deals with specifically Gaelic matters already familiar to scholars in Ireland and Scotland, and in some other passages it includes additional material taken from, for example, the ''[[Sex Aetates Mundi (Meán-Ghaeilge)|Sex Aetates Mundi]]'', [[Bede]]'s ''[[Ecclesiastical History of the English People|Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum]]'', and a [[na Cruithnigh|Pictish]] king-list.{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=13}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}}
== Údair agus dáta
In two manuscripts of ''Lebor Bretnach'', '''H''' and '''M''', the translation is ascribed to the poet Gilla Cóemáin (fl. 1071/2).{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} This ascription is now in doubt,{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}} and the historian [[Thomas Owen Clancy]] has suggested that ''Lebor Bretnach'' was instead only intended to be dedicated to Gilla Cóemáin.{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} Traditionally there had been an assumption that the translation had been an Irish work, but Clancy has argued for a Scottish provenance, suggesting an origin at [[Abernethy, Perth and Kinross|Abernethy]], though probably intended for an Irish readership that had perhaps become interested in Scottish literature and history as a result of the military success and prestige of the [[Kingdom of Alba]].{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=700}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clancy |first1=Thomas Owen |year=2000 |chapter=Scotland, the "Nennian" recension of the ''Historia Brittonum'', and the ''Lebor Bretnach'' |editor1-last=Taylor |editor1-first=Simon |title=Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland 500–1297: Essays in Honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the Occasion of her Ninetieth Birthday |location=Dublin |publisher=Four Courts Press |pages=87–107 |isbn=1851825169 }}</ref> It is generally agreed that ''Lebor Bretnach'' dates to the mid or late 11th century.{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=11}}{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}
== Eagráin
* {{cite book
|year=1848
|editor1-last=Todd
|editor1-first=James Henthorn
|editor1-link=James Henthorn Todd
|title=Leabhar Breathnach Annso Sis: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Irish Archaeological Society
| url = https://archive.org/details/leabharbreathnac00nennuoft
}}, ar CELT as: [https://celt.ucc.ie//published/G100028/index.html Gaeilge]
* {{cite book
|year=1937
|editor1-last=van Hamel
|editor1-first=A. G.
|editor1-link=A. G. van Hamel
|title=Lebor Bretnach: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum Ascribed to Nennius
|series=Irish Manuscripts Commission, Volume 5
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Oifig an tSoláthair
}}
== Féach freisin
* [[Nennius]] — a Welsh monk of the 9th century
* [[Frankish Table of Nations]] — a Latin source for the genealogies
== Foinsí
* {{citation
|last=Dooley
|first=Ann
|author-link=Ann Dooley
|date=2004
|title=Arthur of the Irish: A viable concept?
|journal=Arthurian Literature |volume=21
|pages=9–28
}}
* {{citation
|last=Evans
|first=Nicholas
|editor-last=Duffy
|editor-first=Sean |encyclopedia=Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
|title=Scottish influence
|year=2005
|publisher=Routledge
|location=Londain
|isbn=0415940524
|pages=699–700
}}
* {{citation
|url=http://www.historiabrittonum.net/?page_id=20
|title=Lebor Bretnach |last1=Fitzpatrick-Matthews |first1=Keith J.
|date=2007–2015
|website=Historia Brittonum
}}
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Litríocht na hÉireann]]
== Annales Dominicani de Roscoman ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
[[Íomhá:Roscommon_Priory_-_aerial_-_2024-12-27_01.jpg|thumb|'' Ruins of Roscommon Dominican Priory]]
The '''Dominican Annals of Roscommon''' ({{Lang|la|Annales Dominicani de Roscoman}}) is an [[Annála Éireannacha]], covering events, mainly in Connacht and its neighbouring regions, from 1163 to 1314, spanning the period of the [[Ionradh na Normannach ar Éirinn]] and the early part of [[Tiarnas na hÉireann]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://groups.io/g/Educator-Gold/topic/digital_humanities_digital/334356
| teideal=CELT Project: The Corpus of Electronic Texts
| suíomh=groups.io
}}</ref> It also mentions some matters to do with the [[na Doiminicigh]], [[An Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach] matters in general, and political relations with [[Ríocht Shasana]].<ref name=adrcelt>{{lua idirlín
|url=https://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/
|teideal=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman
|suíomh=celt.ucc.ie
}}</ref>
It was compiled in [[Laidin]] in [[Roscommon Dominican Priory]] (Blackfriars).<ref>Finn, R. (2023:10). ''The Dominicans in the British Isles and Beyond: A New History of the English Province of the Friars Preachers''. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.</ref> The abbey was founded by and supported by the [[Uí Chonchúir]] [[ríthe na gConnacht]]. Occasional examples of pro-O'Connor bias are noted: for example, the [[Blinding (punishment)|blinding]] of Muirchertach Ua Conchobair by his brother, the king [[Ruaidrí mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair|Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]], is not mentioned, and when the 1193 [[creachadh]] of the monastery on [[Inchcleraun]] is mentioned, it is attributed to [[Gilbert de Lacy]], whereas the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] mention that [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair]] was also responsible.<ref name=adrcelt/>
The largest part of the Annals are attributed to [[Odo O'Hanmerech]] (died in 1306).
The annals survive in a seventeenth-century manuscript that once belonged to [[James Ware]].
Among its notable entries are a mention of the drying-up of the River Galvia, apparently an early name for [[Abhainn na Gaillimhe]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://steemit.com/ireland/@harlotscurse/a-sova-potamoy-ekvolai
| teideal=Αὐσοβα Ποταμου Εκβολαι
| dáta=3ú Meán Fómhair 2018
| suíomh=Steemit
}}</ref>
== Féach freisin
* [[Annála Éireannacha]]
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Annála Éireannacha]]
{{síol-ie}}
== Inis Cloithrinn ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Séadchomhartha}}
91<ref>{{lua idirlín
| teideal=National Monuments of County Longford in State Care
| url = http://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-longford.pdf
| page=1
| suíomh=heritageireland.ie
| foilsitheoir=National Monument Service
| dátarochtana=2a Iúil 2020
}}</ref>
'' '''Inis Cloithrinn''', is an island situated in [[Loch Rí]] on the [[an tSionainn]], in central Ireland.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/inchcleraun-island/
| teideal=Inchcleraun Island / Quaker Island - Longford -
| ainm=Michael
| Aoine=Heraghty
| dáta=15ú Deireadh Fómhair 2004
| dátarochtana=22a Meitheamh 2016
| archive-date=8ú Lúnasa 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160808025929/http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/inchcleraun-island/
| url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/environment-geography/physical-landscape/historical-features-of-co/islands/
| teideal=Islands
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.earlychristianireland.net/Counties/longford/inchcleraun/
| teideal=Inchcleraun (quaker island), County Longford
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.longfordtourism.ie/see-do/attractions/lough-ree/
| teideal=Lough Ree
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.newtowncashel.ie/inchclearaun-island.html
| teideal=Inchclearaun Island - Newtowncashel - Co. Longford
}}</ref>
'' The island is home to the ruins of St. Diarmaid's Monastery, a [[mainistir]] founded by [[Diarmaid the Just]] in AD 560. These buildings constitute a [[Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]].
== An Inis
'' Inis Cloithrinn is an island of {{Convert|57.7|ha|abbr=on}} located in the centre of [[Loch Rí]], with [[Cnoc an Chrochaire]], Contae Ros Comáin to its west and [[Baile Nua an Chaisil]], Contae Longfoirt to its east.
[[Íomhá:Inchcleraun Monastery.jpg|thumb|Mainister Inis Cloithrinn]]
== Stair
'' The island takes its name from Irish for "[[Cloithre]]'s Island". In [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], Clothru was a daughter of [[Eochaid Feidlech]], then [[ardrí na hÉireann]]. She became the Queen of Connacht after her father's death, and once owned the island. Her sister, [[Medb]], retired to Inchcleraun after Medb's husband [[Ailill mac Máta]] killed her lover [[Fergus mac Róich]]. One point is called '' Grianán Maebha '', and nearby is ''Ionad Marbhtha Meidhbhe'', where she was killed by a stone thrown from [[Elfeet Castle]], on the Longford side of the lake. In other versions of the legend, it is a lump of cheese fired from a [[slingshot]] by a nephew of Clothru.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.longfordlibrary.ie/lib_arc_inside.aspx?id=15036
| teideal=Longford Library
| ainm=Longford
| sloinne=Library
}}</ref>
[[Íomhá:Myths and legends; the Celtic race (1910) (14596952367).jpg|thumb|'' "The Death of Maev" ([[T. W. Rolleston]], 1910); Forbay with [[sling (weapon)|sling]] in foreground, Medb bathing in the background.]]
'' The name "Quaker Island" is more recent, and owes to the island being owned at one time by [[Cumann na gCarad|Caecar]]. The island is today owned by the Irish state.
== Tagairtí annálacha ==
*'''719''' St Sionnach of Inchcleraun died on 20 April.
*'''769''' Curoi, the son of Alniadh, Abbot and Sage of Inchcleraun, and of Caill Fochladha ([[Loch Dairbhreach]]) in Meath died.
*'''780''' Eochaidh, the son of Focartach, Abbot of Fochladha and of Inchcleraun, died.
*'''1010''' The men of [[an Mhumhain]] plundered Inchcleraun and [[Inis Bó Finne]]
*'''1050''' Inchcleraun was plundered.
*'''1087''' The fleet of the men of Munster, with [[Muircheartach Ua Briain]], sailed on the Shannon to Lough Ree and plundered the islands of the lake (inc. Inchcleraun)
*'''1136''' [[Áed Ua Finn]], the [[Bishop of Kilmore|Bishop of Bréifne]], died in Inchcleraun
*'''1141''' Giolla na Naomh Mac Fearghail, chief of the people of [[an Anaíle]], the most prosperous man in Ireland, died at a great age and was buried at Inchcleraun.
*'''1150''' Morogh, the son of the above, the tower of splendour and nobility in East [[Connacht]] died in Inchcleraun.
*'''1160''' Gilla na Naomh Ó Duinn, [[ollamh Éireann]] of Inchcleraun, teacher of history and poetry sent his spirit to the Supreme Father amidst a choir of angels on the 17th day of December in the year of his 58th birthday.
*'''1167''' Cinaeth Ua Cethearnaigh, Priest of Inchcleraun died.
*'''1168''' Dubhcobhlach, the daughter of O'Quinn, wife of Mac Corgamna, died and was interred in Inchcleraun
*'''1170''' Diarmaid Ó Briain, [[Coarb]] of Comman, was chief senior of the east of Connaught, died in Inchcleraun in the 95th year of his age.
*'''1174''' Rory O'Carroll, Lord of [[Éile]], was slain in the middle of Inchcleraun
*'''1189''' It was at Inchcleraun on Lough Ree that the [[hostage]]s of [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair]] were kept at the time.
*'''1193''' Inchcleraun was plundered by the sons of Costelloe and by the sons of O'Connor Maon-Moy
*'''1232''' Tiapraide O' Breen, Coarb of [[Comán mac Faelchon]], an ecclesiastic learned in History and Law, died on his pilgrimage on the island of Inchcleraun
*'''1244''' Donnchad mac Fíngein Ó Conchobhair, who was the grandson of Hugh, son of Torlogh O'Connor, [[Bishop of Elphin]], died 23 April on Inchcleraun, and was interred in the [[Mainistir na Búille]].
== Foirgnimh ==
'' Between 800 and 1300 the island and its churches were repeatedly plundered and burned by invaders, so the buildings are in ruins today. Six of the island's churches are surrounded by an [[Enclosure (archaeology)|enclosure]] in the southeast corner of the island.
=== Teampall Diarmada
'' Teampall Diarmada is the monastery founded by Saint [[Diarmaid the Just]] (who was a teacher of [[Ciarán of Clonmacnoise]]) in 540 AD. This church once had a stone roof.<ref name=newtowncashel>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.newtowncashel.ie/inchclearaun-island.html
| teideal=Inchclearaun Island - Newtowncashel - Co. Longford
}}</ref>
=== Teampall Mór
'' Teampall Mór stands within four metres to the north of Teampall Diarmada. It consists of a single nave. Its plain masonry walls are in relatively good condition. There are two lancet windows at the east end, which are long, narrow and recessed. The windows on the south side have the appearance of later additions and are unsymmetrical. All traces of doors have vanished, but the opes, which have been arched and protected by the Board of Works, seem to indicate the position of a west door and an entrance on the north side to the cloister. An upper chamber exists.
'' The interior walls of the church were once plastered. The walls have lost their distinctive features of detail, except for the east window, which is similar in construction to that of the Teampall Clogas. The interior arch of the east window is circular, built of four stones. The exterior has only two stones forming a pointed arch.
'' There is the remains of an altar, built of rubble work but without the altar slab. The door in the south wall of the nave has a circular moulding. The north door is only a gap.
'' This church is situated a short distance to the south of the cluster of churches. It is more modern in appearance than any of the others. At the north-west corner is a more modern chamber with no visible entrance. Near this church, half buried with its face downward is a stone bearing incised on its surface a Celtic interlaced cross with an Irish inscription.<ref name=newtowncashel/>
=== Templemurry
'' Templemurry is the largest church on the island.<ref name=newtowncashel/> According to local lore, any woman who enters Templemurray will die within a year.
=== Teampall Clogas
'' Teampall Clogas is one of the churches, and stands alone at the highest point of the island.<ref name=newtowncashel/> It has a square [[clogas]], which is attached to the main building. Most churches of this era had [[Irish round tower|round towers]], separate from the main building. It is located on the northern part of the island and is visible from the shoreline. On the plan the church is rectangular, being {{Convert|10.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} by {{Convert|5.1|m|ft|abbr=on}}.
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]]
== Inis Bó Finne ==
:''Gan bheith measctha le [[Inis Bó Finne, Contae na Gaillimhe]] agus [[Inis Bó Finne, Contae Dhún na nGall]]. Féach [[Inis Bó Finne]] (Idirdhealán).
'' '''Inis Bó Finne'''<ref>{{lua idirlín
| teideal=Inis Bó Finne
| url=http://www.logainm.ie/ga/50983
| dátarochtana=2022-11-24
| suíomh=logainm.ie
| teanga=ga
}}</ref> is an island situated in [[Loch Rí]] on the [[an tSionainn]], in central [[Éis]].
== An inis
'' Inis Bó Finne is an island of {{Convert|26.6|ha|abbr=on}} located in the eastern arm of [[Loch Rí]], with [[An Teanga, Contae na hIarmhí]] the nearest village.
== Stair
213
Saint [[Ríoch]] is said to have founded a Christian monastery on Inis Bó Finne in AD 530.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.earlychristianireland.net/Counties/westmeath/inchbofin/
| teideal=Inis Bó Finne, Contae na hIarmhí
}}</ref> The [[Laidin]] [[calque]]s ''Īnsula Vaccae Albae'' or ''Īnsula Vitulae Albae'' are also used on occasion.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/environment-geography/physical-landscape/lakelands-of-westmeath/lough-ree/islands-of-lough-ree/inchboffin/
| teideal=Inchboffin
}}</ref> The monastery was of the [[Canons Regular of Saint Augustine]].
The ''Topographical Dictionary of Ireland'' (1837) said that of Inchbofin's {{Convert|64|acre|abbr=on}}, there were {{Convert|27|acre|abbr=on}} suitable for [[arable land|arable]] use.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://www.johngrenham.com/records/lewis.php?civilparishid=2490&civilparish=&county=Westmeath&&search_type=full
| teideal=Lewis' Topographical Dictionary
| ainm=John
| sloinne=Grenham
}}</ref> Griffith's Valuation (mid-19th century) mentions three families on the island: Skelly, Connell and Heffernan; the island was owned by Susan Galbraith. In the 1911 census, there were 13 people living on the island, of the same 3 families.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/search/results.jsp?census_year=1911&surname=&exact=&firstname=&county19011911=Westmeath&county1821=&county1831=&county1841=&county1851=&townland=inchbofin&ded=&age=&sex=&relationToHead=&religion=&education=&occupation=&marriageStatus=&marriageYears=&childrenBorn=&childrenLiving=&birthplace=&language=&deafdumb=&search=Search&sort=&pageSize=&houseNumber=&familiesNumber=&malesNumber=&femalesNumber=&maleServNumber=&femaleServNumber=&estChurchNumber=&romanCatNumber=&presbNumberDiv=&protNumber=&parish=&barony=&yearsMarried=&causeOfDeath=&yearOfDeath=&familyId=&ageInMonths=&pager.offset=0
| teideal=National Archives: Census of Ireland 1911
}}</ref>
In the winter of 2009, the [[Irish Air Corps]] sent a helicopter to the island to deliver cattle fodder for the last farmer on the island, John Connell, after Loch Rí froze solid.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.independent.ie/life/travel/ireland/secret-ireland-lough-ree-26692248.html
| teideal=Secret Ireland: Lough Ree
| foilsitheoir=Independent.ie
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.westmeathindependent.ie/news/roundup/articles/2010/01/13/3993995-air-corps-comes-to-athlone-to-deliver-fodder-to-lough-ree-islands
| teideal=Air Corps comes to Athlone to deliver fodder to Lough Ree islands
| foilsitheoir=Westmeath Independent
}}</ref>. He was the last permanent resident of the island and died on 12 February 2018.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.westmeathindependent.ie/news/roundup/articles/2018/02/13/4152121-end-of-an-era-as-last-islander-passes/
| teideal=End of an era as last islander sies
| foilsitheoir=Westmeath Independent
}}</ref>
== Tagairtí annálacha
*'''750''': Fiangalach, son of Anmchadh, son of Maelcuraich, Abbot of '''Inchbofin, in Lough Ree''', died. ([[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí])<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005A/text058.html
| title=Part 58 of Annals of the Four Masters
| foilsitheoir=CELT
}}</ref>
*'''755''': [[Inreachtach mac Dluthach]], king of [[Uí Mhaine]], [[Flaithnia mac Flainn|Flaithnia son of Flann grandson of Congal]], king of [[Kingdom of Uí Failghe|Uí Fhailgi]], Fiangalach son of Anmchad son of Mael Curaich, abbot of '''Inchbofin on Lough Ree''', Mac Rónchon of [[Tethbae|Cenél Cairpri]], Snéidcheist, abbot of [[Mahee Island|Naendruim]], died. ([[Annála Uladh]])<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100001A.html
| title=The Annals of Ulster
| foilsitheoir=CELT
}}</ref>
*'''922''': [[Tomrair mac Ailchi|Tomrair son of Elgi]], a [[Earl#Scandinavia|''jarl'']] of the [[Norsemen]], on the Lower Shannon, and he proceeded and plundered [[Mountshannon|Inis Celtra]] and Muicinis, and burned [[Clonmacnoise]]; and he went on Lough Ree and plundered all its islands, and he ravaged [[Kingdom of Mide|Meath]].
*'''1016''': A great hosting by [[Brian Boru|Brian]]'s son to Lough Ree, and he plundered [[Inchcleraun]] and '''Inchbofin''', brought away the boats of [[Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill|Mael Sechnaill]] and [[Leath Cuinn and Leath Moga|Leth Cuinn]], and took the hostages of [[Munster]] from Cnámhchaill westwards. ([[Annála Inis Faithlinn]])
*'''1089''': The fleet of the men of Munster, under the conduct of [[Muirchertach Ua Briain]], arrived on the [[an tSionainn]], and upon [[Loch Rí]]; and they plundered the churches of the lake, namely, [[Inchcleraun]], '''Inchbofin''', Hare Island, and Cloonown. (ACM)<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100005B/text019.html
|title=Part 19 of Annals of the Four Masters
|publisher=CELT
}}</ref>
*'''1089''': A great fleet led by Muircheartach Ó Briain, king of Munster, on the Shannon and on Lough Ree, and they rifled '''Inchbofin''' and Inchcleraun ([[Annála Tiarnaigh]])
== Foirgnimh
'' The remains of two churches survive on Inchbofin. One (12th century) is at the north-eastern point of the island and has an irregular [[Enclosure (archaeology)|enclosure]]. It consists of a [[nave]], [[transept]] and [[sacristy]]. To the north of the altar is a [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] window, and above a window is a carving of a bishop's head. The smaller church ruin to the south is from the 12th/13th centuries.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.crsbi.ac.uk/site/2460/
| teideal=Inchbofin, St Rioch
| suíomh=The Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture in Britain & Ireland
}}</ref>
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:An tSionainn]]
== Foclóireacht ==
# [[Foclóireacht na Gaeilge]]
# [[Leabharlann an Ard Easpaig Marsh]]=[[Leabharlann Marsh]]-
# [[foclóir.ie]]=[[focloir.ie]]
== An Féineachas ==
[[An Féineachas]] (agus/nó b'fhéidir [[Seanchas]] / [[Béaloideas]]).
Spreagtha ag ''[[:en:Wikipedia:Recent_additions/2025/March#8 March 2025|Recent additions, 8 March 2025]]''
''[https://dil.ie/34117 othrus]'' ≈ fulaingt tinnis/othrais.
Teimpléid;
* [[Teimpléad:WD Bosca Sonraí Doiciméad]]
* [[Teimpléad:efn]]
Nuashonraithe (lámhscríbhinní):
# [[Senchas Már]] (SM)
# [[Bechbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Bechbretha agus Coibes Uisci Thairdne|SM #21]])
# [[Bretha Crólige]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #33]])
# [[Críth Gablach]] (MacA)
# [[Gúbretha Caratniad]] ([[Bodleian Library]], [[Rawlinson B 502]])
As nua, iomlán:
# [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici]] (CIH)
# [[Sanas Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]] (MacA)
# [[Cethairṡlicht Athgabálae]] ([[Senchas Már#Cethairslicht Athgabálae|SM #2]])
# [[Sechtae]] ([[Senchas Már#Sechtae|SM #9]])
# [[Recholl Breth]] (SM #13)
# [[Bretha Déin Chécht]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #34]])
# [[Muirbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Clár ábhar|SM #38]])
# [[Anfuigell]] (m.s., CnaT, LS 1387; MacA)
# [[Berrad Airechta]] (CnaT, LS 1337)
# [[Bretha Étgid]] ([[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann|ARÉ]] LS 23 P 3)
# [[Cóic Conara Fugill]] (m.s., [[Uraicecht Becc]], [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Di Astud Chor]] (''via'' [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Mellbretha]] ([[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|CnaT]], LS 1363)
# [[Uí Lochlainn]]
# [[Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]]
# [[CnaT BÁC, LS 1317]], [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath, LS 1317]]
# [[Bóaire]]
# [[Coinmheadh is buannacht]]
# [[Brehon Law Commission]]
# [[Mac Aodhagáin]] → [[Mhic Aodhagáin]]
# [[John Lynch (Gratianus Lucius)]]
# [[Fearghas Ó Ceallaigh]]
# [[Leabharlann COBÁC]]
# [[Cathair Mhic Neachtain]]
# [[Thom McGinty]]
As nua, síolta:
# [[Dlí Ceilteach]]-
# [[Gabháil chine]]-
# [[Cyfraith Hywel]]-
# [[Galanas]]-
# [[Accessus ad auctores]]-
# [[Hapax legomenon]]-
# [[Robert Atkinson]]-
== Dlí luath na hÉireann ==
Fainic: sách fada, mionchúiseach agus as Béarla, mar bharr ar an donas.
The particular "[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/féineachas An] [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20Irish%20law/ Féineachas]" aside, I'm looking at the general phrase "early Irish law".
My dad was a fishmonger and was always careful to say about his produce "smoked Irish salmon" and not "Irish smoked salmon", if you see the difference.
Is it then "early law of ..." or "law of early ..."? Is "Irish" the language (surely not), the culture, the people or the nation, and in what period? Should "early" be translated as luath or moch? If luath, should it be "luath-" or "- luath"?
Given those options, "early Irish law" could be anything from "luathdhlí Gaelach" to "dlí na hÉireann moiche" and points in between. I favour the former.
Similarly, for "Celtic law" I favour "dlí Ceilteach", i.e., the culture not the people (the Celts, ... na gCeilteach).
Notes:
* Moch: cf. [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20modern%20irish/ Nua-Ghaeilge Mhoch] on téarma.ie
* "Irish": Gaelach, na nGael, Éireannach, na hÉireann?
* What about Welsh, English or Roman law?
{{Dlí luath na hÉireann}}
== Téamh domhanda ==
••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir
Ann cheana:
* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming
* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] ''Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy
'Cúis'eanna nua:
# [[Gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas
# [[Astaíocht charbóin]] '' Carbon emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]] '' Greenhouse gas emission due to agriculture
fsjrnb1kzaipbx5e0eubxtuwni2i3wk
1269360
1269358
2025-06-10T11:01:31Z
Marcas.oduinn
33120
/* Inis Bó Finne */
1269360
wikitext
text/x-wiki
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
== Litríocht ==
# [[Murúch]]-
# [[Tongu do dia toinges mo thúath]]-
# [[Remscéla]]=[[Réamhscéalta]]
# [[Bernhard Maier]]
# ''[[:en:Foraire Uladh ar Aodh|Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]'' - [[Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]
# ''[[:en:Lebor Bretnach|Lebor Bretnach]]'' - [[Lebor Bretnach]]=[[Leabhar Breatnach]]
# ''[[:en:Dominican Annals of Roscommon|Dominican Annals of Roscommon]]'' - [[Annála Doiminiceacha Ros Comáin]]
# ''[[:en:Inchcleraun|Inchcleraun]]'' - [[Inis Cloithrinn]]
# ''[[:en:Inchbofin|Inchbofin]]'' - [[Inis Bó Finne, Contae na hIarmhí]]
# ''[[:en:Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh|Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]'' - [[Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]
# ''[[:en:Ranna an aeir|Ranna an aeir]]'' - [[Ranna an aeir]]
# ''[[:en:Irish Astronomical Tract|Irish Astronomical Tract]]'' - [[]]
== Lebor Bretnach ==
{{tl|teideal iodálach}}
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
'''''Lebor Bretnach''''', [[Irish orthography]] '''''Leabhar Breathnach''''' and sometimes known as the '''Irish Nennius''', is an 11th-century historical work in [[teangacha Gaelacha]], largely consisting of a translation of the ''[[Historia Brittonum]]''. It may have originated in Scotland, although it has traditionally been attributed to the Irish poet [[Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde|Gilla Cóemáin]].
== Lámhscríbhinní
''Lebor Bretnach'' exists in five manuscripts:
* '''U'''. Baile Átha Cliath, [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]], MS 23 E 25 (1229). A 12th-century fragment in the ''[[Lebor na hUidre|Leabhar na hUidhre]]''.
* '''B'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 12 (536). A 14th-century manuscript known as the ''[[Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta]]''.
* '''H'''. BÁC, [[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|Coláiste na Tríonóide]], MS H. 3. 17. Probably written in the 14th or early 15th century.
* '''M'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS Stowe D ii 1. Known as the ''[[Leabhar Ua Maine|Leabhar Uí Mhaine]]'', written before 1423.
* '''L'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 2 (535) agus BÁC, CnaT, MS H. 2. 17, Iml. 2 (1319). Known as the ''[[Leabhar Mór Leacáin]]'', written c. 1417.{{sfn|Todd|1848|p=viii}}
== Ábhair
''Lebor Bretnach'' is a translation of a 9th-century historical collection purportedly written by Nennius, the ''Historia Brittonum'', but not an entirely literal one. It only summarises the ''Historia Brittonum'' where that work deals with specifically Gaelic matters already familiar to scholars in Ireland and Scotland, and in some other passages it includes additional material taken from, for example, the ''[[Sex Aetates Mundi (Meán-Ghaeilge)|Sex Aetates Mundi]]'', [[Bede]]'s ''[[Ecclesiastical History of the English People|Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum]]'', and a [[na Cruithnigh|Pictish]] king-list.{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=13}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}}
== Údair agus dáta
In two manuscripts of ''Lebor Bretnach'', '''H''' and '''M''', the translation is ascribed to the poet Gilla Cóemáin (fl. 1071/2).{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} This ascription is now in doubt,{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}} and the historian [[Thomas Owen Clancy]] has suggested that ''Lebor Bretnach'' was instead only intended to be dedicated to Gilla Cóemáin.{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} Traditionally there had been an assumption that the translation had been an Irish work, but Clancy has argued for a Scottish provenance, suggesting an origin at [[Abernethy, Perth and Kinross|Abernethy]], though probably intended for an Irish readership that had perhaps become interested in Scottish literature and history as a result of the military success and prestige of the [[Kingdom of Alba]].{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=700}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clancy |first1=Thomas Owen |year=2000 |chapter=Scotland, the "Nennian" recension of the ''Historia Brittonum'', and the ''Lebor Bretnach'' |editor1-last=Taylor |editor1-first=Simon |title=Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland 500–1297: Essays in Honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the Occasion of her Ninetieth Birthday |location=Dublin |publisher=Four Courts Press |pages=87–107 |isbn=1851825169 }}</ref> It is generally agreed that ''Lebor Bretnach'' dates to the mid or late 11th century.{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=11}}{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}
== Eagráin
* {{cite book
|year=1848
|editor1-last=Todd
|editor1-first=James Henthorn
|editor1-link=James Henthorn Todd
|title=Leabhar Breathnach Annso Sis: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Irish Archaeological Society
| url = https://archive.org/details/leabharbreathnac00nennuoft
}}, ar CELT as: [https://celt.ucc.ie//published/G100028/index.html Gaeilge]
* {{cite book
|year=1937
|editor1-last=van Hamel
|editor1-first=A. G.
|editor1-link=A. G. van Hamel
|title=Lebor Bretnach: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum Ascribed to Nennius
|series=Irish Manuscripts Commission, Volume 5
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Oifig an tSoláthair
}}
== Féach freisin
* [[Nennius]] — a Welsh monk of the 9th century
* [[Frankish Table of Nations]] — a Latin source for the genealogies
== Foinsí
* {{citation
|last=Dooley
|first=Ann
|author-link=Ann Dooley
|date=2004
|title=Arthur of the Irish: A viable concept?
|journal=Arthurian Literature |volume=21
|pages=9–28
}}
* {{citation
|last=Evans
|first=Nicholas
|editor-last=Duffy
|editor-first=Sean |encyclopedia=Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
|title=Scottish influence
|year=2005
|publisher=Routledge
|location=Londain
|isbn=0415940524
|pages=699–700
}}
* {{citation
|url=http://www.historiabrittonum.net/?page_id=20
|title=Lebor Bretnach |last1=Fitzpatrick-Matthews |first1=Keith J.
|date=2007–2015
|website=Historia Brittonum
}}
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Litríocht na hÉireann]]
== Annales Dominicani de Roscoman ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
[[Íomhá:Roscommon_Priory_-_aerial_-_2024-12-27_01.jpg|thumb|'' Ruins of Roscommon Dominican Priory]]
The '''Dominican Annals of Roscommon''' ({{Lang|la|Annales Dominicani de Roscoman}}) is an [[Annála Éireannacha]], covering events, mainly in Connacht and its neighbouring regions, from 1163 to 1314, spanning the period of the [[Ionradh na Normannach ar Éirinn]] and the early part of [[Tiarnas na hÉireann]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://groups.io/g/Educator-Gold/topic/digital_humanities_digital/334356
| teideal=CELT Project: The Corpus of Electronic Texts
| suíomh=groups.io
}}</ref> It also mentions some matters to do with the [[na Doiminicigh]], [[An Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach] matters in general, and political relations with [[Ríocht Shasana]].<ref name=adrcelt>{{lua idirlín
|url=https://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/
|teideal=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman
|suíomh=celt.ucc.ie
}}</ref>
It was compiled in [[Laidin]] in [[Roscommon Dominican Priory]] (Blackfriars).<ref>Finn, R. (2023:10). ''The Dominicans in the British Isles and Beyond: A New History of the English Province of the Friars Preachers''. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.</ref> The abbey was founded by and supported by the [[Uí Chonchúir]] [[ríthe na gConnacht]]. Occasional examples of pro-O'Connor bias are noted: for example, the [[Blinding (punishment)|blinding]] of Muirchertach Ua Conchobair by his brother, the king [[Ruaidrí mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair|Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]], is not mentioned, and when the 1193 [[creachadh]] of the monastery on [[Inchcleraun]] is mentioned, it is attributed to [[Gilbert de Lacy]], whereas the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] mention that [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair]] was also responsible.<ref name=adrcelt/>
The largest part of the Annals are attributed to [[Odo O'Hanmerech]] (died in 1306).
The annals survive in a seventeenth-century manuscript that once belonged to [[James Ware]].
Among its notable entries are a mention of the drying-up of the River Galvia, apparently an early name for [[Abhainn na Gaillimhe]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://steemit.com/ireland/@harlotscurse/a-sova-potamoy-ekvolai
| teideal=Αὐσοβα Ποταμου Εκβολαι
| dáta=3ú Meán Fómhair 2018
| suíomh=Steemit
}}</ref>
== Féach freisin
* [[Annála Éireannacha]]
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Annála Éireannacha]]
{{síol-ie}}
== Inis Cloithrinn ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Séadchomhartha}}
91<ref>{{lua idirlín
| teideal=National Monuments of County Longford in State Care
| url = http://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-longford.pdf
| page=1
| suíomh=heritageireland.ie
| foilsitheoir=National Monument Service
| dátarochtana=2a Iúil 2020
}}</ref>
'' '''Inis Cloithrinn''', is an island situated in [[Loch Rí]] on the [[an tSionainn]], in central Ireland.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/inchcleraun-island/
| teideal=Inchcleraun Island / Quaker Island - Longford -
| ainm=Michael
| Aoine=Heraghty
| dáta=15ú Deireadh Fómhair 2004
| dátarochtana=22a Meitheamh 2016
| archive-date=8ú Lúnasa 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160808025929/http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/inchcleraun-island/
| url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/environment-geography/physical-landscape/historical-features-of-co/islands/
| teideal=Islands
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.earlychristianireland.net/Counties/longford/inchcleraun/
| teideal=Inchcleraun (quaker island), County Longford
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.longfordtourism.ie/see-do/attractions/lough-ree/
| teideal=Lough Ree
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.newtowncashel.ie/inchclearaun-island.html
| teideal=Inchclearaun Island - Newtowncashel - Co. Longford
}}</ref>
'' The island is home to the ruins of St. Diarmaid's Monastery, a [[mainistir]] founded by [[Diarmaid the Just]] in AD 560. These buildings constitute a [[Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]].
== An Inis
'' Inis Cloithrinn is an island of {{Convert|57.7|ha|abbr=on}} located in the centre of [[Loch Rí]], with [[Cnoc an Chrochaire]], Contae Ros Comáin to its west and [[Baile Nua an Chaisil]], Contae Longfoirt to its east.
[[Íomhá:Inchcleraun Monastery.jpg|thumb|Mainister Inis Cloithrinn]]
== Stair
'' The island takes its name from Irish for "[[Cloithre]]'s Island". In [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], Clothru was a daughter of [[Eochaid Feidlech]], then [[ardrí na hÉireann]]. She became the Queen of Connacht after her father's death, and once owned the island. Her sister, [[Medb]], retired to Inchcleraun after Medb's husband [[Ailill mac Máta]] killed her lover [[Fergus mac Róich]]. One point is called '' Grianán Maebha '', and nearby is ''Ionad Marbhtha Meidhbhe'', where she was killed by a stone thrown from [[Elfeet Castle]], on the Longford side of the lake. In other versions of the legend, it is a lump of cheese fired from a [[slingshot]] by a nephew of Clothru.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.longfordlibrary.ie/lib_arc_inside.aspx?id=15036
| teideal=Longford Library
| ainm=Longford
| sloinne=Library
}}</ref>
[[Íomhá:Myths and legends; the Celtic race (1910) (14596952367).jpg|thumb|'' "The Death of Maev" ([[T. W. Rolleston]], 1910); Forbay with [[sling (weapon)|sling]] in foreground, Medb bathing in the background.]]
'' The name "Quaker Island" is more recent, and owes to the island being owned at one time by [[Cumann na gCarad|Caecar]]. The island is today owned by the Irish state.
== Tagairtí annálacha ==
*'''719''' St Sionnach of Inchcleraun died on 20 April.
*'''769''' Curoi, the son of Alniadh, Abbot and Sage of Inchcleraun, and of Caill Fochladha ([[Loch Dairbhreach]]) in Meath died.
*'''780''' Eochaidh, the son of Focartach, Abbot of Fochladha and of Inchcleraun, died.
*'''1010''' The men of [[an Mhumhain]] plundered Inchcleraun and [[Inis Bó Finne]]
*'''1050''' Inchcleraun was plundered.
*'''1087''' The fleet of the men of Munster, with [[Muircheartach Ua Briain]], sailed on the Shannon to Lough Ree and plundered the islands of the lake (inc. Inchcleraun)
*'''1136''' [[Áed Ua Finn]], the [[Bishop of Kilmore|Bishop of Bréifne]], died in Inchcleraun
*'''1141''' Giolla na Naomh Mac Fearghail, chief of the people of [[an Anaíle]], the most prosperous man in Ireland, died at a great age and was buried at Inchcleraun.
*'''1150''' Morogh, the son of the above, the tower of splendour and nobility in East [[Connacht]] died in Inchcleraun.
*'''1160''' Gilla na Naomh Ó Duinn, [[ollamh Éireann]] of Inchcleraun, teacher of history and poetry sent his spirit to the Supreme Father amidst a choir of angels on the 17th day of December in the year of his 58th birthday.
*'''1167''' Cinaeth Ua Cethearnaigh, Priest of Inchcleraun died.
*'''1168''' Dubhcobhlach, the daughter of O'Quinn, wife of Mac Corgamna, died and was interred in Inchcleraun
*'''1170''' Diarmaid Ó Briain, [[Coarb]] of Comman, was chief senior of the east of Connaught, died in Inchcleraun in the 95th year of his age.
*'''1174''' Rory O'Carroll, Lord of [[Éile]], was slain in the middle of Inchcleraun
*'''1189''' It was at Inchcleraun on Lough Ree that the [[hostage]]s of [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair]] were kept at the time.
*'''1193''' Inchcleraun was plundered by the sons of Costelloe and by the sons of O'Connor Maon-Moy
*'''1232''' Tiapraide O' Breen, Coarb of [[Comán mac Faelchon]], an ecclesiastic learned in History and Law, died on his pilgrimage on the island of Inchcleraun
*'''1244''' Donnchad mac Fíngein Ó Conchobhair, who was the grandson of Hugh, son of Torlogh O'Connor, [[Bishop of Elphin]], died 23 April on Inchcleraun, and was interred in the [[Mainistir na Búille]].
== Foirgnimh ==
'' Between 800 and 1300 the island and its churches were repeatedly plundered and burned by invaders, so the buildings are in ruins today. Six of the island's churches are surrounded by an [[Enclosure (archaeology)|enclosure]] in the southeast corner of the island.
=== Teampall Diarmada
'' Teampall Diarmada is the monastery founded by Saint [[Diarmaid the Just]] (who was a teacher of [[Ciarán of Clonmacnoise]]) in 540 AD. This church once had a stone roof.<ref name=newtowncashel>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.newtowncashel.ie/inchclearaun-island.html
| teideal=Inchclearaun Island - Newtowncashel - Co. Longford
}}</ref>
=== Teampall Mór
'' Teampall Mór stands within four metres to the north of Teampall Diarmada. It consists of a single nave. Its plain masonry walls are in relatively good condition. There are two lancet windows at the east end, which are long, narrow and recessed. The windows on the south side have the appearance of later additions and are unsymmetrical. All traces of doors have vanished, but the opes, which have been arched and protected by the Board of Works, seem to indicate the position of a west door and an entrance on the north side to the cloister. An upper chamber exists.
'' The interior walls of the church were once plastered. The walls have lost their distinctive features of detail, except for the east window, which is similar in construction to that of the Teampall Clogas. The interior arch of the east window is circular, built of four stones. The exterior has only two stones forming a pointed arch.
'' There is the remains of an altar, built of rubble work but without the altar slab. The door in the south wall of the nave has a circular moulding. The north door is only a gap.
'' This church is situated a short distance to the south of the cluster of churches. It is more modern in appearance than any of the others. At the north-west corner is a more modern chamber with no visible entrance. Near this church, half buried with its face downward is a stone bearing incised on its surface a Celtic interlaced cross with an Irish inscription.<ref name=newtowncashel/>
=== Templemurry
'' Templemurry is the largest church on the island.<ref name=newtowncashel/> According to local lore, any woman who enters Templemurray will die within a year.
=== Teampall Clogas
'' Teampall Clogas is one of the churches, and stands alone at the highest point of the island.<ref name=newtowncashel/> It has a square [[clogas]], which is attached to the main building. Most churches of this era had [[Irish round tower|round towers]], separate from the main building. It is located on the northern part of the island and is visible from the shoreline. On the plan the church is rectangular, being {{Convert|10.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} by {{Convert|5.1|m|ft|abbr=on}}.
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]]
== Inis Bó Finne ==
:''Gan bheith measctha le [[Inis Bó Finne, Contae na Gaillimhe]] agus [[Inis Bó Finne, Contae Dhún na nGall]]. Féach [[Inis Bó Finne]] (Idirdhealán).
'' '''Inis Bó Finne'''<ref>{{lua idirlín
| teideal=Inis Bó Finne
| url=http://www.logainm.ie/ga/50983
| dátarochtana=2022-11-24
| suíomh=logainm.ie
| teanga=ga
}}</ref> is an island situated in [[Loch Rí]] on the [[an tSionainn]], in central [[Éis]].
== An inis
'' Inis Bó Finne is an island of {{Convert|26.6|ha|abbr=on}} located in the eastern arm of [[Loch Rí]], with [[An Teanga, Contae na hIarmhí]] the nearest village.
== Stair
213
Saint [[Ríoch]] is said to have founded a Christian monastery on Inis Bó Finne in AD 530.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.earlychristianireland.net/Counties/westmeath/inchbofin/
| teideal=Inis Bó Finne, Contae na hIarmhí
}}</ref> The [[Laidin]] [[calque]]s ''Īnsula Vaccae Albae'' or ''Īnsula Vitulae Albae'' are also used on occasion.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/environment-geography/physical-landscape/lakelands-of-westmeath/lough-ree/islands-of-lough-ree/inchboffin/
| teideal=Inchboffin
}}</ref> The monastery was of the [[Canons Regular of Saint Augustine]].
The ''Topographical Dictionary of Ireland'' (1837) said that of Inchbofin's {{Convert|64|acre|abbr=on}}, there were {{Convert|27|acre|abbr=on}} suitable for [[arable land|arable]] use.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://www.johngrenham.com/records/lewis.php?civilparishid=2490&civilparish=&county=Westmeath&&search_type=full
| teideal=Lewis' Topographical Dictionary
| ainm=John
| sloinne=Grenham
}}</ref> Griffith's Valuation (mid-19th century) mentions three families on the island: Skelly, Connell and Heffernan; the island was owned by Susan Galbraith. In the 1911 census, there were 13 people living on the island, of the same 3 families.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/search/results.jsp?census_year=1911&surname=&exact=&firstname=&county19011911=Westmeath&county1821=&county1831=&county1841=&county1851=&townland=inchbofin&ded=&age=&sex=&relationToHead=&religion=&education=&occupation=&marriageStatus=&marriageYears=&childrenBorn=&childrenLiving=&birthplace=&language=&deafdumb=&search=Search&sort=&pageSize=&houseNumber=&familiesNumber=&malesNumber=&femalesNumber=&maleServNumber=&femaleServNumber=&estChurchNumber=&romanCatNumber=&presbNumberDiv=&protNumber=&parish=&barony=&yearsMarried=&causeOfDeath=&yearOfDeath=&familyId=&ageInMonths=&pager.offset=0
| teideal=National Archives: Census of Ireland 1911
}}</ref>
In the winter of 2009, the [[Irish Air Corps]] sent a helicopter to the island to deliver cattle fodder for the last farmer on the island, John Connell, after Loch Rí froze solid.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.independent.ie/life/travel/ireland/secret-ireland-lough-ree-26692248.html
| teideal=Secret Ireland: Lough Ree
| foilsitheoir=Independent.ie
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.westmeathindependent.ie/news/roundup/articles/2010/01/13/3993995-air-corps-comes-to-athlone-to-deliver-fodder-to-lough-ree-islands
| teideal=Air Corps comes to Athlone to deliver fodder to Lough Ree islands
| foilsitheoir=Westmeath Independent
}}</ref>. He was the last permanent resident of the island and died on 12 February 2018.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.westmeathindependent.ie/news/roundup/articles/2018/02/13/4152121-end-of-an-era-as-last-islander-passes/
| teideal=End of an era as last islander sies
| foilsitheoir=Westmeath Independent
}}</ref>
== Tagairtí annálacha
*'''750''': Fiangalach, mac Anmchadha, mic Maoile Curaich, abb Insi Bo Finne for Loch Ribh, died. ([[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí])<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005A/text058.html
| title=Part 58 of Annals of the Four Masters
| foilsitheoir=CELT
}}</ref>
*'''755''': [[Inreachtach mac Dluthach]], king of [[Uí Mhaine]], [[Flaithnia mac Flainn|Flaithnia son of Flann grandson of Congal]], king of [[Kingdom of Uí Failghe|Uí Fhailgi]], Fiangalach son of Anmchad son of Mael Curaich, abbot of '''Inchbofin on Lough Ree''', Mac Rónchon of [[Tethbae|Cenél Cairpri]], Snéidcheist, abbot of [[Mahee Island|Naendruim]], died. ([[Annála Uladh]])<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100001A.html
| title=The Annals of Ulster
| foilsitheoir=CELT
}}</ref>
*'''922''': [[Tomrair mac Ailchi|Tomrair son of Elgi]], a [[Earl#Scandinavia|''jarl'']] of the [[Norsemen]], on the Lower Shannon, and he proceeded and plundered [[Mountshannon|Inis Celtra]] and Muicinis, and burned [[Clonmacnoise]]; and he went on Lough Ree and plundered all its islands, and he ravaged [[Kingdom of Mide|Meath]].
*'''1016''': A great hosting by [[Brian Boru|Brian]]'s son to Lough Ree, and he plundered [[Inchcleraun]] and '''Inchbofin''', brought away the boats of [[Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill|Mael Sechnaill]] and [[Leath Cuinn and Leath Moga|Leth Cuinn]], and took the hostages of [[Munster]] from Cnámhchaill westwards. ([[Annála Inis Faithlinn]])
*'''1089''': The fleet of the men of Munster, under the conduct of [[Muirchertach Ua Briain]], arrived on the [[an tSionainn]], and upon [[Loch Rí]]; and they plundered the churches of the lake, namely, [[Inchcleraun]], '''Inchbofin''', Hare Island, and Cloonown. (ACM)<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100005B/text019.html
|title=Part 19 of Annals of the Four Masters
|publisher=CELT
}}</ref>
*'''1089''': A great fleet led by Muircheartach Ó Briain, king of Munster, on the Shannon and on Lough Ree, and they rifled '''Inchbofin''' and Inchcleraun ([[Annála Tiarnaigh]])
== Foirgnimh
'' The remains of two churches survive on Inchbofin. One (12th century) is at the north-eastern point of the island and has an irregular [[Enclosure (archaeology)|enclosure]]. It consists of a [[nave]], [[transept]] and [[sacristy]]. To the north of the altar is a [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] window, and above a window is a carving of a bishop's head. The smaller church ruin to the south is from the 12th/13th centuries.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.crsbi.ac.uk/site/2460/
| teideal=Inchbofin, St Rioch
| suíomh=The Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture in Britain & Ireland
}}</ref>
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:An tSionainn]]
== Foclóireacht ==
# [[Foclóireacht na Gaeilge]]
# [[Leabharlann an Ard Easpaig Marsh]]=[[Leabharlann Marsh]]-
# [[foclóir.ie]]=[[focloir.ie]]
== An Féineachas ==
[[An Féineachas]] (agus/nó b'fhéidir [[Seanchas]] / [[Béaloideas]]).
Spreagtha ag ''[[:en:Wikipedia:Recent_additions/2025/March#8 March 2025|Recent additions, 8 March 2025]]''
''[https://dil.ie/34117 othrus]'' ≈ fulaingt tinnis/othrais.
Teimpléid;
* [[Teimpléad:WD Bosca Sonraí Doiciméad]]
* [[Teimpléad:efn]]
Nuashonraithe (lámhscríbhinní):
# [[Senchas Már]] (SM)
# [[Bechbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Bechbretha agus Coibes Uisci Thairdne|SM #21]])
# [[Bretha Crólige]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #33]])
# [[Críth Gablach]] (MacA)
# [[Gúbretha Caratniad]] ([[Bodleian Library]], [[Rawlinson B 502]])
As nua, iomlán:
# [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici]] (CIH)
# [[Sanas Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]] (MacA)
# [[Cethairṡlicht Athgabálae]] ([[Senchas Már#Cethairslicht Athgabálae|SM #2]])
# [[Sechtae]] ([[Senchas Már#Sechtae|SM #9]])
# [[Recholl Breth]] (SM #13)
# [[Bretha Déin Chécht]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #34]])
# [[Muirbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Clár ábhar|SM #38]])
# [[Anfuigell]] (m.s., CnaT, LS 1387; MacA)
# [[Berrad Airechta]] (CnaT, LS 1337)
# [[Bretha Étgid]] ([[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann|ARÉ]] LS 23 P 3)
# [[Cóic Conara Fugill]] (m.s., [[Uraicecht Becc]], [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Di Astud Chor]] (''via'' [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Mellbretha]] ([[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|CnaT]], LS 1363)
# [[Uí Lochlainn]]
# [[Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]]
# [[CnaT BÁC, LS 1317]], [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath, LS 1317]]
# [[Bóaire]]
# [[Coinmheadh is buannacht]]
# [[Brehon Law Commission]]
# [[Mac Aodhagáin]] → [[Mhic Aodhagáin]]
# [[John Lynch (Gratianus Lucius)]]
# [[Fearghas Ó Ceallaigh]]
# [[Leabharlann COBÁC]]
# [[Cathair Mhic Neachtain]]
# [[Thom McGinty]]
As nua, síolta:
# [[Dlí Ceilteach]]-
# [[Gabháil chine]]-
# [[Cyfraith Hywel]]-
# [[Galanas]]-
# [[Accessus ad auctores]]-
# [[Hapax legomenon]]-
# [[Robert Atkinson]]-
== Dlí luath na hÉireann ==
Fainic: sách fada, mionchúiseach agus as Béarla, mar bharr ar an donas.
The particular "[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/féineachas An] [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20Irish%20law/ Féineachas]" aside, I'm looking at the general phrase "early Irish law".
My dad was a fishmonger and was always careful to say about his produce "smoked Irish salmon" and not "Irish smoked salmon", if you see the difference.
Is it then "early law of ..." or "law of early ..."? Is "Irish" the language (surely not), the culture, the people or the nation, and in what period? Should "early" be translated as luath or moch? If luath, should it be "luath-" or "- luath"?
Given those options, "early Irish law" could be anything from "luathdhlí Gaelach" to "dlí na hÉireann moiche" and points in between. I favour the former.
Similarly, for "Celtic law" I favour "dlí Ceilteach", i.e., the culture not the people (the Celts, ... na gCeilteach).
Notes:
* Moch: cf. [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20modern%20irish/ Nua-Ghaeilge Mhoch] on téarma.ie
* "Irish": Gaelach, na nGael, Éireannach, na hÉireann?
* What about Welsh, English or Roman law?
{{Dlí luath na hÉireann}}
== Téamh domhanda ==
••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir
Ann cheana:
* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming
* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] ''Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy
'Cúis'eanna nua:
# [[Gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas
# [[Astaíocht charbóin]] '' Carbon emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]] '' Greenhouse gas emission due to agriculture
tirk5ribtwmjxyolau4jq0b7ki6rqoh
1269362
1269360
2025-06-10T11:24:22Z
Marcas.oduinn
33120
/* Inis Bó Finne */
1269362
wikitext
text/x-wiki
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
== Litríocht ==
# [[Murúch]]-
# [[Tongu do dia toinges mo thúath]]-
# [[Remscéla]]=[[Réamhscéalta]]
# [[Bernhard Maier]]
# ''[[:en:Foraire Uladh ar Aodh|Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]'' - [[Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]
# ''[[:en:Lebor Bretnach|Lebor Bretnach]]'' - [[Lebor Bretnach]]=[[Leabhar Breatnach]]
# ''[[:en:Dominican Annals of Roscommon|Dominican Annals of Roscommon]]'' - [[Annála Doiminiceacha Ros Comáin]]
# ''[[:en:Inchcleraun|Inchcleraun]]'' - [[Inis Cloithrinn]]
# ''[[:en:Inchbofin|Inchbofin]]'' - [[Inis Bó Finne, Contae na hIarmhí]]
# ''[[:en:Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh|Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]'' - [[Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]
# ''[[:en:Ranna an aeir|Ranna an aeir]]'' - [[Ranna an aeir]]
# ''[[:en:Irish Astronomical Tract|Irish Astronomical Tract]]'' - [[]]
== Lebor Bretnach ==
{{tl|teideal iodálach}}
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
'''''Lebor Bretnach''''', [[Irish orthography]] '''''Leabhar Breathnach''''' and sometimes known as the '''Irish Nennius''', is an 11th-century historical work in [[teangacha Gaelacha]], largely consisting of a translation of the ''[[Historia Brittonum]]''. It may have originated in Scotland, although it has traditionally been attributed to the Irish poet [[Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde|Gilla Cóemáin]].
== Lámhscríbhinní
''Lebor Bretnach'' exists in five manuscripts:
* '''U'''. Baile Átha Cliath, [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]], MS 23 E 25 (1229). A 12th-century fragment in the ''[[Lebor na hUidre|Leabhar na hUidhre]]''.
* '''B'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 12 (536). A 14th-century manuscript known as the ''[[Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta]]''.
* '''H'''. BÁC, [[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|Coláiste na Tríonóide]], MS H. 3. 17. Probably written in the 14th or early 15th century.
* '''M'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS Stowe D ii 1. Known as the ''[[Leabhar Ua Maine|Leabhar Uí Mhaine]]'', written before 1423.
* '''L'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 2 (535) agus BÁC, CnaT, MS H. 2. 17, Iml. 2 (1319). Known as the ''[[Leabhar Mór Leacáin]]'', written c. 1417.{{sfn|Todd|1848|p=viii}}
== Ábhair
''Lebor Bretnach'' is a translation of a 9th-century historical collection purportedly written by Nennius, the ''Historia Brittonum'', but not an entirely literal one. It only summarises the ''Historia Brittonum'' where that work deals with specifically Gaelic matters already familiar to scholars in Ireland and Scotland, and in some other passages it includes additional material taken from, for example, the ''[[Sex Aetates Mundi (Meán-Ghaeilge)|Sex Aetates Mundi]]'', [[Bede]]'s ''[[Ecclesiastical History of the English People|Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum]]'', and a [[na Cruithnigh|Pictish]] king-list.{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=13}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}}
== Údair agus dáta
In two manuscripts of ''Lebor Bretnach'', '''H''' and '''M''', the translation is ascribed to the poet Gilla Cóemáin (fl. 1071/2).{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} This ascription is now in doubt,{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}} and the historian [[Thomas Owen Clancy]] has suggested that ''Lebor Bretnach'' was instead only intended to be dedicated to Gilla Cóemáin.{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} Traditionally there had been an assumption that the translation had been an Irish work, but Clancy has argued for a Scottish provenance, suggesting an origin at [[Abernethy, Perth and Kinross|Abernethy]], though probably intended for an Irish readership that had perhaps become interested in Scottish literature and history as a result of the military success and prestige of the [[Kingdom of Alba]].{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=700}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clancy |first1=Thomas Owen |year=2000 |chapter=Scotland, the "Nennian" recension of the ''Historia Brittonum'', and the ''Lebor Bretnach'' |editor1-last=Taylor |editor1-first=Simon |title=Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland 500–1297: Essays in Honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the Occasion of her Ninetieth Birthday |location=Dublin |publisher=Four Courts Press |pages=87–107 |isbn=1851825169 }}</ref> It is generally agreed that ''Lebor Bretnach'' dates to the mid or late 11th century.{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=11}}{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}
== Eagráin
* {{cite book
|year=1848
|editor1-last=Todd
|editor1-first=James Henthorn
|editor1-link=James Henthorn Todd
|title=Leabhar Breathnach Annso Sis: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Irish Archaeological Society
| url = https://archive.org/details/leabharbreathnac00nennuoft
}}, ar CELT as: [https://celt.ucc.ie//published/G100028/index.html Gaeilge]
* {{cite book
|year=1937
|editor1-last=van Hamel
|editor1-first=A. G.
|editor1-link=A. G. van Hamel
|title=Lebor Bretnach: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum Ascribed to Nennius
|series=Irish Manuscripts Commission, Volume 5
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Oifig an tSoláthair
}}
== Féach freisin
* [[Nennius]] — a Welsh monk of the 9th century
* [[Frankish Table of Nations]] — a Latin source for the genealogies
== Foinsí
* {{citation
|last=Dooley
|first=Ann
|author-link=Ann Dooley
|date=2004
|title=Arthur of the Irish: A viable concept?
|journal=Arthurian Literature |volume=21
|pages=9–28
}}
* {{citation
|last=Evans
|first=Nicholas
|editor-last=Duffy
|editor-first=Sean |encyclopedia=Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
|title=Scottish influence
|year=2005
|publisher=Routledge
|location=Londain
|isbn=0415940524
|pages=699–700
}}
* {{citation
|url=http://www.historiabrittonum.net/?page_id=20
|title=Lebor Bretnach |last1=Fitzpatrick-Matthews |first1=Keith J.
|date=2007–2015
|website=Historia Brittonum
}}
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Litríocht na hÉireann]]
== Annales Dominicani de Roscoman ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
[[Íomhá:Roscommon_Priory_-_aerial_-_2024-12-27_01.jpg|thumb|'' Ruins of Roscommon Dominican Priory]]
The '''Dominican Annals of Roscommon''' ({{Lang|la|Annales Dominicani de Roscoman}}) is an [[Annála Éireannacha]], covering events, mainly in Connacht and its neighbouring regions, from 1163 to 1314, spanning the period of the [[Ionradh na Normannach ar Éirinn]] and the early part of [[Tiarnas na hÉireann]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://groups.io/g/Educator-Gold/topic/digital_humanities_digital/334356
| teideal=CELT Project: The Corpus of Electronic Texts
| suíomh=groups.io
}}</ref> It also mentions some matters to do with the [[na Doiminicigh]], [[An Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach] matters in general, and political relations with [[Ríocht Shasana]].<ref name=adrcelt>{{lua idirlín
|url=https://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/
|teideal=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman
|suíomh=celt.ucc.ie
}}</ref>
It was compiled in [[Laidin]] in [[Roscommon Dominican Priory]] (Blackfriars).<ref>Finn, R. (2023:10). ''The Dominicans in the British Isles and Beyond: A New History of the English Province of the Friars Preachers''. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.</ref> The abbey was founded by and supported by the [[Uí Chonchúir]] [[ríthe na gConnacht]]. Occasional examples of pro-O'Connor bias are noted: for example, the [[Blinding (punishment)|blinding]] of Muirchertach Ua Conchobair by his brother, the king [[Ruaidrí mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair|Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]], is not mentioned, and when the 1193 [[creachadh]] of the monastery on [[Inchcleraun]] is mentioned, it is attributed to [[Gilbert de Lacy]], whereas the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] mention that [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair]] was also responsible.<ref name=adrcelt/>
The largest part of the Annals are attributed to [[Odo O'Hanmerech]] (died in 1306).
The annals survive in a seventeenth-century manuscript that once belonged to [[James Ware]].
Among its notable entries are a mention of the drying-up of the River Galvia, apparently an early name for [[Abhainn na Gaillimhe]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://steemit.com/ireland/@harlotscurse/a-sova-potamoy-ekvolai
| teideal=Αὐσοβα Ποταμου Εκβολαι
| dáta=3ú Meán Fómhair 2018
| suíomh=Steemit
}}</ref>
== Féach freisin
* [[Annála Éireannacha]]
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Annála Éireannacha]]
{{síol-ie}}
== Inis Cloithrinn ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Séadchomhartha}}
91<ref>{{lua idirlín
| teideal=National Monuments of County Longford in State Care
| url = http://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-longford.pdf
| page=1
| suíomh=heritageireland.ie
| foilsitheoir=National Monument Service
| dátarochtana=2a Iúil 2020
}}</ref>
'' '''Inis Cloithrinn''', is an island situated in [[Loch Rí]] on the [[an tSionainn]], in central Ireland.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/inchcleraun-island/
| teideal=Inchcleraun Island / Quaker Island - Longford -
| ainm=Michael
| Aoine=Heraghty
| dáta=15ú Deireadh Fómhair 2004
| dátarochtana=22a Meitheamh 2016
| archive-date=8ú Lúnasa 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160808025929/http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/inchcleraun-island/
| url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/environment-geography/physical-landscape/historical-features-of-co/islands/
| teideal=Islands
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.earlychristianireland.net/Counties/longford/inchcleraun/
| teideal=Inchcleraun (quaker island), County Longford
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.longfordtourism.ie/see-do/attractions/lough-ree/
| teideal=Lough Ree
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.newtowncashel.ie/inchclearaun-island.html
| teideal=Inchclearaun Island - Newtowncashel - Co. Longford
}}</ref>
'' The island is home to the ruins of St. Diarmaid's Monastery, a [[mainistir]] founded by [[Diarmaid the Just]] in AD 560. These buildings constitute a [[Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]].
== An Inis
'' Inis Cloithrinn is an island of {{Convert|57.7|ha|abbr=on}} located in the centre of [[Loch Rí]], with [[Cnoc an Chrochaire]], Contae Ros Comáin to its west and [[Baile Nua an Chaisil]], Contae Longfoirt to its east.
[[Íomhá:Inchcleraun Monastery.jpg|thumb|Mainister Inis Cloithrinn]]
== Stair
'' The island takes its name from Irish for "[[Cloithre]]'s Island". In [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], Clothru was a daughter of [[Eochaid Feidlech]], then [[ardrí na hÉireann]]. She became the Queen of Connacht after her father's death, and once owned the island. Her sister, [[Medb]], retired to Inchcleraun after Medb's husband [[Ailill mac Máta]] killed her lover [[Fergus mac Róich]]. One point is called '' Grianán Maebha '', and nearby is ''Ionad Marbhtha Meidhbhe'', where she was killed by a stone thrown from [[Elfeet Castle]], on the Longford side of the lake. In other versions of the legend, it is a lump of cheese fired from a [[slingshot]] by a nephew of Clothru.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.longfordlibrary.ie/lib_arc_inside.aspx?id=15036
| teideal=Longford Library
| ainm=Longford
| sloinne=Library
}}</ref>
[[Íomhá:Myths and legends; the Celtic race (1910) (14596952367).jpg|thumb|'' "The Death of Maev" ([[T. W. Rolleston]], 1910); Forbay with [[sling (weapon)|sling]] in foreground, Medb bathing in the background.]]
'' The name "Quaker Island" is more recent, and owes to the island being owned at one time by [[Cumann na gCarad|Caecar]]. The island is today owned by the Irish state.
== Tagairtí annálacha ==
*'''719''' St Sionnach of Inchcleraun died on 20 April.
*'''769''' Curoi, the son of Alniadh, Abbot and Sage of Inchcleraun, and of Caill Fochladha ([[Loch Dairbhreach]]) in Meath died.
*'''780''' Eochaidh, the son of Focartach, Abbot of Fochladha and of Inchcleraun, died.
*'''1010''' The men of [[an Mhumhain]] plundered Inchcleraun and [[Inis Bó Finne]]
*'''1050''' Inchcleraun was plundered.
*'''1087''' The fleet of the men of Munster, with [[Muircheartach Ua Briain]], sailed on the Shannon to Lough Ree and plundered the islands of the lake (inc. Inchcleraun)
*'''1136''' [[Áed Ua Finn]], the [[Bishop of Kilmore|Bishop of Bréifne]], died in Inchcleraun
*'''1141''' Giolla na Naomh Mac Fearghail, chief of the people of [[an Anaíle]], the most prosperous man in Ireland, died at a great age and was buried at Inchcleraun.
*'''1150''' Morogh, the son of the above, the tower of splendour and nobility in East [[Connacht]] died in Inchcleraun.
*'''1160''' Gilla na Naomh Ó Duinn, [[ollamh Éireann]] of Inchcleraun, teacher of history and poetry sent his spirit to the Supreme Father amidst a choir of angels on the 17th day of December in the year of his 58th birthday.
*'''1167''' Cinaeth Ua Cethearnaigh, Priest of Inchcleraun died.
*'''1168''' Dubhcobhlach, the daughter of O'Quinn, wife of Mac Corgamna, died and was interred in Inchcleraun
*'''1170''' Diarmaid Ó Briain, [[Coarb]] of Comman, was chief senior of the east of Connaught, died in Inchcleraun in the 95th year of his age.
*'''1174''' Rory O'Carroll, Lord of [[Éile]], was slain in the middle of Inchcleraun
*'''1189''' It was at Inchcleraun on Lough Ree that the [[hostage]]s of [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair]] were kept at the time.
*'''1193''' Inchcleraun was plundered by the sons of Costelloe and by the sons of O'Connor Maon-Moy
*'''1232''' Tiapraide O' Breen, Coarb of [[Comán mac Faelchon]], an ecclesiastic learned in History and Law, died on his pilgrimage on the island of Inchcleraun
*'''1244''' Donnchad mac Fíngein Ó Conchobhair, who was the grandson of Hugh, son of Torlogh O'Connor, [[Bishop of Elphin]], died 23 April on Inchcleraun, and was interred in the [[Mainistir na Búille]].
== Foirgnimh ==
'' Between 800 and 1300 the island and its churches were repeatedly plundered and burned by invaders, so the buildings are in ruins today. Six of the island's churches are surrounded by an [[Enclosure (archaeology)|enclosure]] in the southeast corner of the island.
=== Teampall Diarmada
'' Teampall Diarmada is the monastery founded by Saint [[Diarmaid the Just]] (who was a teacher of [[Ciarán of Clonmacnoise]]) in 540 AD. This church once had a stone roof.<ref name=newtowncashel>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.newtowncashel.ie/inchclearaun-island.html
| teideal=Inchclearaun Island - Newtowncashel - Co. Longford
}}</ref>
=== Teampall Mór
'' Teampall Mór stands within four metres to the north of Teampall Diarmada. It consists of a single nave. Its plain masonry walls are in relatively good condition. There are two lancet windows at the east end, which are long, narrow and recessed. The windows on the south side have the appearance of later additions and are unsymmetrical. All traces of doors have vanished, but the opes, which have been arched and protected by the Board of Works, seem to indicate the position of a west door and an entrance on the north side to the cloister. An upper chamber exists.
'' The interior walls of the church were once plastered. The walls have lost their distinctive features of detail, except for the east window, which is similar in construction to that of the Teampall Clogas. The interior arch of the east window is circular, built of four stones. The exterior has only two stones forming a pointed arch.
'' There is the remains of an altar, built of rubble work but without the altar slab. The door in the south wall of the nave has a circular moulding. The north door is only a gap.
'' This church is situated a short distance to the south of the cluster of churches. It is more modern in appearance than any of the others. At the north-west corner is a more modern chamber with no visible entrance. Near this church, half buried with its face downward is a stone bearing incised on its surface a Celtic interlaced cross with an Irish inscription.<ref name=newtowncashel/>
=== Templemurry
'' Templemurry is the largest church on the island.<ref name=newtowncashel/> According to local lore, any woman who enters Templemurray will die within a year.
=== Teampall Clogas
'' Teampall Clogas is one of the churches, and stands alone at the highest point of the island.<ref name=newtowncashel/> It has a square [[clogas]], which is attached to the main building. Most churches of this era had [[Irish round tower|round towers]], separate from the main building. It is located on the northern part of the island and is visible from the shoreline. On the plan the church is rectangular, being {{Convert|10.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} by {{Convert|5.1|m|ft|abbr=on}}.
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]]
== Inis Bó Finne ==
:''Gan bheith measctha le [[Inis Bó Finne, Contae na Gaillimhe]] agus [[Inis Bó Finne, Contae Dhún na nGall]]. Féach [[Inis Bó Finne]] (Idirdhealán).
'' '''Inis Bó Finne'''<ref>{{lua idirlín
| teideal=Inis Bó Finne
| url=http://www.logainm.ie/ga/50983
| dátarochtana=2022-11-24
| suíomh=logainm.ie
| teanga=ga
}}</ref> is an island situated in [[Loch Rí]] on the [[an tSionainn]], in central [[Éis]].
== An inis
'' Inis Bó Finne is an island of {{Convert|26.6|ha|abbr=on}} located in the eastern arm of [[Loch Rí]], with [[An Teanga, Contae na hIarmhí]] the nearest village.
== Stair
213
'' Saint [[Ríoch]] is said to have founded a Christian monastery on Inis Bó Finne in AD 530.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.earlychristianireland.net/Counties/westmeath/inchbofin/
| teideal=Inis Bó Finne, Contae na hIarmhí
}}</ref> The [[Laidin]] [[calque]]s ''Īnsula Vaccae Albae'' or ''Īnsula Vitulae Albae'' are also used on occasion.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/environment-geography/physical-landscape/lakelands-of-westmeath/lough-ree/islands-of-lough-ree/inchboffin/
| teideal=Inchboffin
}}</ref> The monastery was of the [[Canons Regular of Saint Augustine]].
'' The ''Topographical Dictionary of Ireland'' (1837) said that of Inchbofin's {{convert|64|acre|abbr=on}}, there were {{CONVERT|27|acre|abbr=on}} suitable for [[arable land|arable]] use.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://www.johngrenham.com/records/lewis.php?civilparishid=2490&civilparish=&county=Westmeath&&search_type=full
| teideal=Lewis' Topographical Dictionary
| ainm=John
| sloinne=Grenham
}}</ref> Griffith's Valuation (mid-19th century) mentions three families on the island: Skelly, Connell and Heffernan; the island was owned by Susan Galbraith. In the 1911 census, there were 13 people living on the island, of the same 3 families.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/search/results.jsp?census_year=1911&surname=&exact=&firstname=&county19011911=Westmeath&county1821=&county1831=&county1841=&county1851=&townland=inchbofin&ded=&age=&sex=&relationToHead=&religion=&education=&occupation=&marriageStatus=&marriageYears=&childrenBorn=&childrenLiving=&birthplace=&language=&deafdumb=&search=Search&sort=&pageSize=&houseNumber=&familiesNumber=&malesNumber=&femalesNumber=&maleServNumber=&femaleServNumber=&estChurchNumber=&romanCatNumber=&presbNumberDiv=&protNumber=&parish=&barony=&yearsMarried=&causeOfDeath=&yearOfDeath=&familyId=&ageInMonths=&pager.offset=0
| teideal=National Archives: Census of Ireland 1911
}}</ref>
'' In the winter of 2009, the [[Irish Air Corps]] sent a helicopter to the island to deliver cattle fodder for the last farmer on the island, John Connell, after Loch Rí froze solid.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.independent.ie/life/travel/ireland/secret-ireland-lough-ree-26692248.html
| teideal=Secret Ireland: Lough Ree
| foilsitheoir=Independent.ie
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.westmeathindependent.ie/news/roundup/articles/2010/01/13/3993995-air-corps-comes-to-athlone-to-deliver-fodder-to-lough-ree-islands
| teideal=Air Corps comes to Athlone to deliver fodder to Lough Ree islands
| foilsitheoir=Westmeath Independent
}}</ref>. He was the last permanent resident of the island and died on 12 February 2018.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.westmeathindependent.ie/news/roundup/articles/2018/02/13/4152121-end-of-an-era-as-last-islander-passes/
| teideal=End of an era as last islander sies
| foilsitheoir=Westmeath Independent
}}</ref>
== Tagairtí annálacha
Foinsí: [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] (ACM), [[Annála Inis Faithlinn]] (AIF), [[Annála Tiarnaigh]] (AT), [[Annála Uladh]] (AU)
* '''ACM 750.3''': '' Fiangalach, mac Anmchadha, mic Maoile Curaich, abb Insi Bo Finne for Loch Ribh[, d'écc]<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005A/text058.html
| title=Part 58 of Annals of the Four Masters
| foilsitheoir=CELT
}}</ref>
* '''AU 755.''': [[Inreachtach mac Dluthach]], king of [[Uí Mhaine]], [[Flaithnia mac Flainn|Flaithnia son of Flann grandson of Congal]], king of [[Kingdom of Uí Failghe|Uí Fhailgi]], Fiangalach son of Anmchad son of Mael Curaich, abbot of '''Inchbofin on Lough Ree''', Mac Rónchon of [[Tethbae|Cenél Cairpri]], Snéidcheist, abbot of [[Mahee Island|Naendruim]], died<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100001A.html
| title=The Annals of Ulster
| foilsitheoir=CELT
}}</ref>
* '''922''': [[Tomrair mac Ailchi|Tomrair son of Elgi]], a [[Earl#Scandinavia|''jarl'']] of the [[Norsemen]], on the Lower Shannon, and he proceeded and plundered [[Mountshannon|Inis Celtra]] and Muicinis, and burned [[Clonmacnoise]]; and he went on Lough Ree and plundered all its islands, and he ravaged [[Kingdom of Mide|Meath]].
* '''AIF 1016''': A great hosting by [[Brian Boru|Brian]]'s son to Lough Ree, and he plundered [[Inchcleraun]] and '''Inchbofin''', brought away the boats of [[Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill|Mael Sechnaill]] and [[Leath Cuinn and Leath Moga|Leth Cuinn]], and took the hostages of [[Munster]] from Cnámhchaill westwards
* '''ACM 1089.8''': Cobhlach Fer Mumhan .i. im [[Muirchertach Ua Briain]], do thiachtain for [[an tSionainn|Sionainn]], & for [[Loch Rí|Loch Ribh]] co ro airccset<ref>eDIL s.v. [ ] ''plundered</ref> cealla an locha, .i. [[Inis Cloithrinn|Inis Clothrann]], Inis Bó Finne, Inis Aingginn [''Hare Island''] & Cluain Eamhain<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005B/text019.html
| teideal=Annála na gCeithre Máistrí (cuid 19)
| publisher=CELT
}}</ref>
* '''AT 1089.''': A great fleet led by Muircheartach Ó Briain, king of Munster, on the Shannon and on Lough Ree, and they rifled '''Inchbofin''' and Inchcleraun
== Foirgnimh
'' The remains of two churches survive on Inchbofin. One (12th century) is at the north-eastern point of the island and has an irregular [[Enclosure (archaeology)|enclosure]]. It consists of a [[nave]], [[transept]] and [[sacristy]]. To the north of the altar is a [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] window, and above a window is a carving of a bishop's head. The smaller church ruin to the south is from the 12th/13th centuries.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.crsbi.ac.uk/site/2460/
| teideal=Inchbofin, St Rioch
| suíomh=The Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture in Britain & Ireland
}}</ref>
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:An tSionainn]]
== Foclóireacht ==
# [[Foclóireacht na Gaeilge]]
# [[Leabharlann an Ard Easpaig Marsh]]=[[Leabharlann Marsh]]-
# [[foclóir.ie]]=[[focloir.ie]]
== An Féineachas ==
[[An Féineachas]] (agus/nó b'fhéidir [[Seanchas]] / [[Béaloideas]]).
Spreagtha ag ''[[:en:Wikipedia:Recent_additions/2025/March#8 March 2025|Recent additions, 8 March 2025]]''
''[https://dil.ie/34117 othrus]'' ≈ fulaingt tinnis/othrais.
Teimpléid;
* [[Teimpléad:WD Bosca Sonraí Doiciméad]]
* [[Teimpléad:efn]]
Nuashonraithe (lámhscríbhinní):
# [[Senchas Már]] (SM)
# [[Bechbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Bechbretha agus Coibes Uisci Thairdne|SM #21]])
# [[Bretha Crólige]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #33]])
# [[Críth Gablach]] (MacA)
# [[Gúbretha Caratniad]] ([[Bodleian Library]], [[Rawlinson B 502]])
As nua, iomlán:
# [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici]] (CIH)
# [[Sanas Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]] (MacA)
# [[Cethairṡlicht Athgabálae]] ([[Senchas Már#Cethairslicht Athgabálae|SM #2]])
# [[Sechtae]] ([[Senchas Már#Sechtae|SM #9]])
# [[Recholl Breth]] (SM #13)
# [[Bretha Déin Chécht]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #34]])
# [[Muirbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Clár ábhar|SM #38]])
# [[Anfuigell]] (m.s., CnaT, LS 1387; MacA)
# [[Berrad Airechta]] (CnaT, LS 1337)
# [[Bretha Étgid]] ([[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann|ARÉ]] LS 23 P 3)
# [[Cóic Conara Fugill]] (m.s., [[Uraicecht Becc]], [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Di Astud Chor]] (''via'' [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Mellbretha]] ([[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|CnaT]], LS 1363)
# [[Uí Lochlainn]]
# [[Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]]
# [[CnaT BÁC, LS 1317]], [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath, LS 1317]]
# [[Bóaire]]
# [[Coinmheadh is buannacht]]
# [[Brehon Law Commission]]
# [[Mac Aodhagáin]] → [[Mhic Aodhagáin]]
# [[John Lynch (Gratianus Lucius)]]
# [[Fearghas Ó Ceallaigh]]
# [[Leabharlann COBÁC]]
# [[Cathair Mhic Neachtain]]
# [[Thom McGinty]]
As nua, síolta:
# [[Dlí Ceilteach]]-
# [[Gabháil chine]]-
# [[Cyfraith Hywel]]-
# [[Galanas]]-
# [[Accessus ad auctores]]-
# [[Hapax legomenon]]-
# [[Robert Atkinson]]-
== Dlí luath na hÉireann ==
Fainic: sách fada, mionchúiseach agus as Béarla, mar bharr ar an donas.
The particular "[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/féineachas An] [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20Irish%20law/ Féineachas]" aside, I'm looking at the general phrase "early Irish law".
My dad was a fishmonger and was always careful to say about his produce "smoked Irish salmon" and not "Irish smoked salmon", if you see the difference.
Is it then "early law of ..." or "law of early ..."? Is "Irish" the language (surely not), the culture, the people or the nation, and in what period? Should "early" be translated as luath or moch? If luath, should it be "luath-" or "- luath"?
Given those options, "early Irish law" could be anything from "luathdhlí Gaelach" to "dlí na hÉireann moiche" and points in between. I favour the former.
Similarly, for "Celtic law" I favour "dlí Ceilteach", i.e., the culture not the people (the Celts, ... na gCeilteach).
Notes:
* Moch: cf. [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20modern%20irish/ Nua-Ghaeilge Mhoch] on téarma.ie
* "Irish": Gaelach, na nGael, Éireannach, na hÉireann?
* What about Welsh, English or Roman law?
{{Dlí luath na hÉireann}}
== Téamh domhanda ==
••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir
Ann cheana:
* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming
* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] ''Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy
'Cúis'eanna nua:
# [[Gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas
# [[Astaíocht charbóin]] '' Carbon emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]] '' Greenhouse gas emission due to agriculture
631fp6ntfktxq0neajuaqprz4qjxdj2
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/* Inis Bó Finne */
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text/x-wiki
__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]
== Litríocht ==
# [[Murúch]]-
# [[Tongu do dia toinges mo thúath]]-
# [[Remscéla]]=[[Réamhscéalta]]
# [[Bernhard Maier]]
# ''[[:en:Foraire Uladh ar Aodh|Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]'' - [[Foraire Uladh ar Aodh]]
# ''[[:en:Lebor Bretnach|Lebor Bretnach]]'' - [[Lebor Bretnach]]=[[Leabhar Breatnach]]
# ''[[:en:Dominican Annals of Roscommon|Dominican Annals of Roscommon]]'' - [[Annála Doiminiceacha Ros Comáin]]
# ''[[:en:Inchcleraun|Inchcleraun]]'' - [[Inis Cloithrinn]]
# ''[[:en:Inchbofin|Inchbofin]]'' - [[Inis Bó Finne, Contae na hIarmhí]]
# ''[[:en:Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh|Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]'' - [[Cathreim Thoirdhealbhaigh]]
# ''[[:en:Ranna an aeir|Ranna an aeir]]'' - [[Ranna an aeir]]
# ''[[:en:Irish Astronomical Tract|Irish Astronomical Tract]]'' - [[]]
== Lebor Bretnach ==
{{tl|teideal iodálach}}
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
'''''Lebor Bretnach''''', [[Irish orthography]] '''''Leabhar Breathnach''''' and sometimes known as the '''Irish Nennius''', is an 11th-century historical work in [[teangacha Gaelacha]], largely consisting of a translation of the ''[[Historia Brittonum]]''. It may have originated in Scotland, although it has traditionally been attributed to the Irish poet [[Gilla Cómáin mac Gilla Samthainde|Gilla Cóemáin]].
== Lámhscríbhinní
''Lebor Bretnach'' exists in five manuscripts:
* '''U'''. Baile Átha Cliath, [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]], MS 23 E 25 (1229). A 12th-century fragment in the ''[[Lebor na hUidre|Leabhar na hUidhre]]''.
* '''B'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 12 (536). A 14th-century manuscript known as the ''[[Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta]]''.
* '''H'''. BÁC, [[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|Coláiste na Tríonóide]], MS H. 3. 17. Probably written in the 14th or early 15th century.
* '''M'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS Stowe D ii 1. Known as the ''[[Leabhar Ua Maine|Leabhar Uí Mhaine]]'', written before 1423.
* '''L'''. BÁC, ARÉ, MS 23 P 2 (535) agus BÁC, CnaT, MS H. 2. 17, Iml. 2 (1319). Known as the ''[[Leabhar Mór Leacáin]]'', written c. 1417.{{sfn|Todd|1848|p=viii}}
== Ábhair
''Lebor Bretnach'' is a translation of a 9th-century historical collection purportedly written by Nennius, the ''Historia Brittonum'', but not an entirely literal one. It only summarises the ''Historia Brittonum'' where that work deals with specifically Gaelic matters already familiar to scholars in Ireland and Scotland, and in some other passages it includes additional material taken from, for example, the ''[[Sex Aetates Mundi (Meán-Ghaeilge)|Sex Aetates Mundi]]'', [[Bede]]'s ''[[Ecclesiastical History of the English People|Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum]]'', and a [[na Cruithnigh|Pictish]] king-list.{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=13}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}}
== Údair agus dáta
In two manuscripts of ''Lebor Bretnach'', '''H''' and '''M''', the translation is ascribed to the poet Gilla Cóemáin (fl. 1071/2).{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} This ascription is now in doubt,{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}} and the historian [[Thomas Owen Clancy]] has suggested that ''Lebor Bretnach'' was instead only intended to be dedicated to Gilla Cóemáin.{{sfn|Fitzpatrick-Matthews|2007–2015}} Traditionally there had been an assumption that the translation had been an Irish work, but Clancy has argued for a Scottish provenance, suggesting an origin at [[Abernethy, Perth and Kinross|Abernethy]], though probably intended for an Irish readership that had perhaps become interested in Scottish literature and history as a result of the military success and prestige of the [[Kingdom of Alba]].{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=700}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clancy |first1=Thomas Owen |year=2000 |chapter=Scotland, the "Nennian" recension of the ''Historia Brittonum'', and the ''Lebor Bretnach'' |editor1-last=Taylor |editor1-first=Simon |title=Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland 500–1297: Essays in Honour of Marjorie Ogilvie Anderson on the Occasion of her Ninetieth Birthday |location=Dublin |publisher=Four Courts Press |pages=87–107 |isbn=1851825169 }}</ref> It is generally agreed that ''Lebor Bretnach'' dates to the mid or late 11th century.{{sfn|Evans|2005|p=11}}{{sfn|Dooley|2004|p=11}}
== Eagráin
* {{cite book
|year=1848
|editor1-last=Todd
|editor1-first=James Henthorn
|editor1-link=James Henthorn Todd
|title=Leabhar Breathnach Annso Sis: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Irish Archaeological Society
| url = https://archive.org/details/leabharbreathnac00nennuoft
}}, ar CELT as: [https://celt.ucc.ie//published/G100028/index.html Gaeilge]
* {{cite book
|year=1937
|editor1-last=van Hamel
|editor1-first=A. G.
|editor1-link=A. G. van Hamel
|title=Lebor Bretnach: The Irish Version of the Historia Britonum Ascribed to Nennius
|series=Irish Manuscripts Commission, Volume 5
|location=Baile Átha Cliath
|publisher=Oifig an tSoláthair
}}
== Féach freisin
* [[Nennius]] — a Welsh monk of the 9th century
* [[Frankish Table of Nations]] — a Latin source for the genealogies
== Foinsí
* {{citation
|last=Dooley
|first=Ann
|author-link=Ann Dooley
|date=2004
|title=Arthur of the Irish: A viable concept?
|journal=Arthurian Literature |volume=21
|pages=9–28
}}
* {{citation
|last=Evans
|first=Nicholas
|editor-last=Duffy
|editor-first=Sean |encyclopedia=Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
|title=Scottish influence
|year=2005
|publisher=Routledge
|location=Londain
|isbn=0415940524
|pages=699–700
}}
* {{citation
|url=http://www.historiabrittonum.net/?page_id=20
|title=Lebor Bretnach |last1=Fitzpatrick-Matthews |first1=Keith J.
|date=2007–2015
|website=Historia Brittonum
}}
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Litríocht na hÉireann]]
== Annales Dominicani de Roscoman ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar}}
[[Íomhá:Roscommon_Priory_-_aerial_-_2024-12-27_01.jpg|thumb|'' Ruins of Roscommon Dominican Priory]]
The '''Dominican Annals of Roscommon''' ({{Lang|la|Annales Dominicani de Roscoman}}) is an [[Annála Éireannacha]], covering events, mainly in Connacht and its neighbouring regions, from 1163 to 1314, spanning the period of the [[Ionradh na Normannach ar Éirinn]] and the early part of [[Tiarnas na hÉireann]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://groups.io/g/Educator-Gold/topic/digital_humanities_digital/334356
| teideal=CELT Project: The Corpus of Electronic Texts
| suíomh=groups.io
}}</ref> It also mentions some matters to do with the [[na Doiminicigh]], [[An Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach] matters in general, and political relations with [[Ríocht Shasana]].<ref name=adrcelt>{{lua idirlín
|url=https://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/
|teideal=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman
|suíomh=celt.ucc.ie
}}</ref>
It was compiled in [[Laidin]] in [[Roscommon Dominican Priory]] (Blackfriars).<ref>Finn, R. (2023:10). ''The Dominicans in the British Isles and Beyond: A New History of the English Province of the Friars Preachers''. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.</ref> The abbey was founded by and supported by the [[Uí Chonchúir]] [[ríthe na gConnacht]]. Occasional examples of pro-O'Connor bias are noted: for example, the [[Blinding (punishment)|blinding]] of Muirchertach Ua Conchobair by his brother, the king [[Ruaidrí mac Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair|Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]], is not mentioned, and when the 1193 [[creachadh]] of the monastery on [[Inchcleraun]] is mentioned, it is attributed to [[Gilbert de Lacy]], whereas the [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] mention that [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair]] was also responsible.<ref name=adrcelt/>
The largest part of the Annals are attributed to [[Odo O'Hanmerech]] (died in 1306).
The annals survive in a seventeenth-century manuscript that once belonged to [[James Ware]].
Among its notable entries are a mention of the drying-up of the River Galvia, apparently an early name for [[Abhainn na Gaillimhe]].<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://steemit.com/ireland/@harlotscurse/a-sova-potamoy-ekvolai
| teideal=Αὐσοβα Ποταμου Εκβολαι
| dáta=3ú Meán Fómhair 2018
| suíomh=Steemit
}}</ref>
== Féach freisin
* [[Annála Éireannacha]]
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Annála Éireannacha]]
{{síol-ie}}
== Inis Cloithrinn ==
{{tl|WD Bosca Sonraí Séadchomhartha}}
91<ref>{{lua idirlín
| teideal=National Monuments of County Longford in State Care
| url = http://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-longford.pdf
| page=1
| suíomh=heritageireland.ie
| foilsitheoir=National Monument Service
| dátarochtana=2a Iúil 2020
}}</ref>
'' '''Inis Cloithrinn''', is an island situated in [[Loch Rí]] on the [[an tSionainn]], in central Ireland.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/inchcleraun-island/
| teideal=Inchcleraun Island / Quaker Island - Longford -
| ainm=Michael
| Aoine=Heraghty
| dáta=15ú Deireadh Fómhair 2004
| dátarochtana=22a Meitheamh 2016
| archive-date=8ú Lúnasa 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160808025929/http://www.chooseireland.com/longford/inchcleraun-island/
| url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/environment-geography/physical-landscape/historical-features-of-co/islands/
| teideal=Islands
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.earlychristianireland.net/Counties/longford/inchcleraun/
| teideal=Inchcleraun (quaker island), County Longford
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.longfordtourism.ie/see-do/attractions/lough-ree/
| teideal=Lough Ree
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.newtowncashel.ie/inchclearaun-island.html
| teideal=Inchclearaun Island - Newtowncashel - Co. Longford
}}</ref>
'' The island is home to the ruins of St. Diarmaid's Monastery, a [[mainistir]] founded by [[Diarmaid the Just]] in AD 560. These buildings constitute a [[Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]].
== An Inis
'' Inis Cloithrinn is an island of {{Convert|57.7|ha|abbr=on}} located in the centre of [[Loch Rí]], with [[Cnoc an Chrochaire]], Contae Ros Comáin to its west and [[Baile Nua an Chaisil]], Contae Longfoirt to its east.
[[Íomhá:Inchcleraun Monastery.jpg|thumb|Mainister Inis Cloithrinn]]
== Stair
'' The island takes its name from Irish for "[[Cloithre]]'s Island". In [[Miotaseolaíocht na nGael]], Clothru was a daughter of [[Eochaid Feidlech]], then [[ardrí na hÉireann]]. She became the Queen of Connacht after her father's death, and once owned the island. Her sister, [[Medb]], retired to Inchcleraun after Medb's husband [[Ailill mac Máta]] killed her lover [[Fergus mac Róich]]. One point is called '' Grianán Maebha '', and nearby is ''Ionad Marbhtha Meidhbhe'', where she was killed by a stone thrown from [[Elfeet Castle]], on the Longford side of the lake. In other versions of the legend, it is a lump of cheese fired from a [[slingshot]] by a nephew of Clothru.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.longfordlibrary.ie/lib_arc_inside.aspx?id=15036
| teideal=Longford Library
| ainm=Longford
| sloinne=Library
}}</ref>
[[Íomhá:Myths and legends; the Celtic race (1910) (14596952367).jpg|thumb|'' "The Death of Maev" ([[T. W. Rolleston]], 1910); Forbay with [[sling (weapon)|sling]] in foreground, Medb bathing in the background.]]
'' The name "Quaker Island" is more recent, and owes to the island being owned at one time by [[Cumann na gCarad|Caecar]]. The island is today owned by the Irish state.
== Tagairtí annálacha ==
*'''719''' St Sionnach of Inchcleraun died on 20 April.
*'''769''' Curoi, the son of Alniadh, Abbot and Sage of Inchcleraun, and of Caill Fochladha ([[Loch Dairbhreach]]) in Meath died.
*'''780''' Eochaidh, the son of Focartach, Abbot of Fochladha and of Inchcleraun, died.
*'''1010''' The men of [[an Mhumhain]] plundered Inchcleraun and [[Inis Bó Finne]]
*'''1050''' Inchcleraun was plundered.
*'''1087''' The fleet of the men of Munster, with [[Muircheartach Ua Briain]], sailed on the Shannon to Lough Ree and plundered the islands of the lake (inc. Inchcleraun)
*'''1136''' [[Áed Ua Finn]], the [[Bishop of Kilmore|Bishop of Bréifne]], died in Inchcleraun
*'''1141''' Giolla na Naomh Mac Fearghail, chief of the people of [[an Anaíle]], the most prosperous man in Ireland, died at a great age and was buried at Inchcleraun.
*'''1150''' Morogh, the son of the above, the tower of splendour and nobility in East [[Connacht]] died in Inchcleraun.
*'''1160''' Gilla na Naomh Ó Duinn, [[ollamh Éireann]] of Inchcleraun, teacher of history and poetry sent his spirit to the Supreme Father amidst a choir of angels on the 17th day of December in the year of his 58th birthday.
*'''1167''' Cinaeth Ua Cethearnaigh, Priest of Inchcleraun died.
*'''1168''' Dubhcobhlach, the daughter of O'Quinn, wife of Mac Corgamna, died and was interred in Inchcleraun
*'''1170''' Diarmaid Ó Briain, [[Coarb]] of Comman, was chief senior of the east of Connaught, died in Inchcleraun in the 95th year of his age.
*'''1174''' Rory O'Carroll, Lord of [[Éile]], was slain in the middle of Inchcleraun
*'''1189''' It was at Inchcleraun on Lough Ree that the [[hostage]]s of [[Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair]] were kept at the time.
*'''1193''' Inchcleraun was plundered by the sons of Costelloe and by the sons of O'Connor Maon-Moy
*'''1232''' Tiapraide O' Breen, Coarb of [[Comán mac Faelchon]], an ecclesiastic learned in History and Law, died on his pilgrimage on the island of Inchcleraun
*'''1244''' Donnchad mac Fíngein Ó Conchobhair, who was the grandson of Hugh, son of Torlogh O'Connor, [[Bishop of Elphin]], died 23 April on Inchcleraun, and was interred in the [[Mainistir na Búille]].
== Foirgnimh ==
'' Between 800 and 1300 the island and its churches were repeatedly plundered and burned by invaders, so the buildings are in ruins today. Six of the island's churches are surrounded by an [[Enclosure (archaeology)|enclosure]] in the southeast corner of the island.
=== Teampall Diarmada
'' Teampall Diarmada is the monastery founded by Saint [[Diarmaid the Just]] (who was a teacher of [[Ciarán of Clonmacnoise]]) in 540 AD. This church once had a stone roof.<ref name=newtowncashel>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.newtowncashel.ie/inchclearaun-island.html
| teideal=Inchclearaun Island - Newtowncashel - Co. Longford
}}</ref>
=== Teampall Mór
'' Teampall Mór stands within four metres to the north of Teampall Diarmada. It consists of a single nave. Its plain masonry walls are in relatively good condition. There are two lancet windows at the east end, which are long, narrow and recessed. The windows on the south side have the appearance of later additions and are unsymmetrical. All traces of doors have vanished, but the opes, which have been arched and protected by the Board of Works, seem to indicate the position of a west door and an entrance on the north side to the cloister. An upper chamber exists.
'' The interior walls of the church were once plastered. The walls have lost their distinctive features of detail, except for the east window, which is similar in construction to that of the Teampall Clogas. The interior arch of the east window is circular, built of four stones. The exterior has only two stones forming a pointed arch.
'' There is the remains of an altar, built of rubble work but without the altar slab. The door in the south wall of the nave has a circular moulding. The north door is only a gap.
'' This church is situated a short distance to the south of the cluster of churches. It is more modern in appearance than any of the others. At the north-west corner is a more modern chamber with no visible entrance. Near this church, half buried with its face downward is a stone bearing incised on its surface a Celtic interlaced cross with an Irish inscription.<ref name=newtowncashel/>
=== Templemurry
'' Templemurry is the largest church on the island.<ref name=newtowncashel/> According to local lore, any woman who enters Templemurray will die within a year.
=== Teampall Clogas
'' Teampall Clogas is one of the churches, and stands alone at the highest point of the island.<ref name=newtowncashel/> It has a square [[clogas]], which is attached to the main building. Most churches of this era had [[Irish round tower|round towers]], separate from the main building. It is located on the northern part of the island and is visible from the shoreline. On the plan the church is rectangular, being {{Convert|10.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} by {{Convert|5.1|m|ft|abbr=on}}.
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]]
== Inis Bó Finne ==
:''Gan bheith measctha le [[Inis Bó Finne, Contae na Gaillimhe]] agus [[Inis Bó Finne, Contae Dhún na nGall]]. Féach [[Inis Bó Finne]] (Idirdhealán).
Is oileán suite i [[Loch Rí]] ar an [[an tSionainn|Sionainn]] is ea '''Inis Bó Finne'''.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| teideal=Inis Bó Finne
| url=http://www.logainm.ie/ga/50983
| dátarochtana=2022-11-24
| suíomh=logainm.ie
| teanga=ga
}}</ref>
== An inis
'' Inis Bó Finne is an island of {{Convert|26.6|ha|abbr=on}} located in the eastern arm of [[Loch Rí]], with [[An Teanga, Contae na hIarmhí]] the nearest village.
== Stair
213
'' Saint [[Ríoch]] is said to have founded a Christian monastery on Inis Bó Finne in AD 530.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.earlychristianireland.net/Counties/westmeath/inchbofin/
| teideal=Inis Bó Finne, Contae na hIarmhí
}}</ref> The [[Laidin]] [[calque]]s ''Īnsula Vaccae Albae'' or ''Īnsula Vitulae Albae'' are also used on occasion.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/environment-geography/physical-landscape/lakelands-of-westmeath/lough-ree/islands-of-lough-ree/inchboffin/
| teideal=Inchboffin
}}</ref> The monastery was of the [[Canons Regular of Saint Augustine]].
'' The ''Topographical Dictionary of Ireland'' (1837) said that of Inchbofin's {{convert|64|acre|abbr=on}}, there were {{CONVERT|27|acre|abbr=on}} suitable for [[arable land|arable]] use.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = https://www.johngrenham.com/records/lewis.php?civilparishid=2490&civilparish=&county=Westmeath&&search_type=full
| teideal=Lewis' Topographical Dictionary
| ainm=John
| sloinne=Grenham
}}</ref> Griffith's Valuation (mid-19th century) mentions three families on the island: Skelly, Connell and Heffernan; the island was owned by Susan Galbraith. In the 1911 census, there were 13 people living on the island, of the same 3 families.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/search/results.jsp?census_year=1911&surname=&exact=&firstname=&county19011911=Westmeath&county1821=&county1831=&county1841=&county1851=&townland=inchbofin&ded=&age=&sex=&relationToHead=&religion=&education=&occupation=&marriageStatus=&marriageYears=&childrenBorn=&childrenLiving=&birthplace=&language=&deafdumb=&search=Search&sort=&pageSize=&houseNumber=&familiesNumber=&malesNumber=&femalesNumber=&maleServNumber=&femaleServNumber=&estChurchNumber=&romanCatNumber=&presbNumberDiv=&protNumber=&parish=&barony=&yearsMarried=&causeOfDeath=&yearOfDeath=&familyId=&ageInMonths=&pager.offset=0
| teideal=National Archives: Census of Ireland 1911
}}</ref>
'' In the winter of 2009, the [[Irish Air Corps]] sent a helicopter to the island to deliver cattle fodder for the last farmer on the island, John Connell, after Loch Rí froze solid.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.independent.ie/life/travel/ireland/secret-ireland-lough-ree-26692248.html
| teideal=Secret Ireland: Lough Ree
| foilsitheoir=Independent.ie
}}</ref><ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.westmeathindependent.ie/news/roundup/articles/2010/01/13/3993995-air-corps-comes-to-athlone-to-deliver-fodder-to-lough-ree-islands
| teideal=Air Corps comes to Athlone to deliver fodder to Lough Ree islands
| foilsitheoir=Westmeath Independent
}}</ref>. He was the last permanent resident of the island and died on 12 February 2018.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.westmeathindependent.ie/news/roundup/articles/2018/02/13/4152121-end-of-an-era-as-last-islander-passes/
| teideal=End of an era as last islander sies
| foilsitheoir=Westmeath Independent
}}</ref>
== Tagairtí annálacha
Foinsí: [[Annála na gCeithre Máistrí]] (ACM), [[Annála Inis Faithlinn]] (AIF), [[Annála Tiarnaigh]] (AT), [[Annála Uladh]] (AU)
* '''ACM 750.3''': '' Fiangalach, mac Anmchadha, mic Maoile Curaich, abb Insi Bo Finne for Loch Ribh[, d'écc]<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005A/text058.html
| title=Part 58 of Annals of the Four Masters
| foilsitheoir=CELT
}}</ref>
* '''AU 755.''': [[Inreachtach mac Dluthach]], king of [[Uí Mhaine]], [[Flaithnia mac Flainn|Flaithnia son of Flann grandson of Congal]], king of [[Kingdom of Uí Failghe|Uí Fhailgi]], Fiangalach son of Anmchad son of Mael Curaich, abbot of '''Inchbofin on Lough Ree''', Mac Rónchon of [[Tethbae|Cenél Cairpri]], Snéidcheist, abbot of [[Mahee Island|Naendruim]], died<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100001A.html
| title=The Annals of Ulster
| foilsitheoir=CELT
}}</ref>
* '''922''': [[Tomrair mac Ailchi|Tomrair son of Elgi]], a [[Earl#Scandinavia|''jarl'']] of the [[Norsemen]], on the Lower Shannon, and he proceeded and plundered [[Mountshannon|Inis Celtra]] and Muicinis, and burned [[Clonmacnoise]]; and he went on Lough Ree and plundered all its islands, and he ravaged [[Kingdom of Mide|Meath]].
* '''AIF 1016''': A great hosting by [[Brian Boru|Brian]]'s son to Lough Ree, and he plundered [[Inchcleraun]] and '''Inchbofin''', brought away the boats of [[Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill|Mael Sechnaill]] and [[Leath Cuinn and Leath Moga|Leth Cuinn]], and took the hostages of [[Munster]] from Cnámhchaill westwards
* '''ACM 1089.8''': Cobhlach Fer Mumhan .i. im [[Muirchertach Ua Briain]], do thiachtain for [[an tSionainn|Sionainn]], & for [[Loch Rí|Loch Ribh]] co ro airccset<ref>eDIL s.v. [ ] ''plundered</ref> cealla an locha, .i. [[Inis Cloithrinn|Inis Clothrann]], Inis Bó Finne, Inis Aingginn [''Hare Island''] & Cluain Eamhain<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005B/text019.html
| teideal=Annála na gCeithre Máistrí (cuid 19)
| publisher=CELT
}}</ref>
* '''AT 1089.''': A great fleet led by Muircheartach Ó Briain, king of Munster, on the Shannon and on Lough Ree, and they rifled '''Inchbofin''' and Inchcleraun
== Foirgnimh
'' The remains of two churches survive on Inchbofin. One (12th century) is at the north-eastern point of the island and has an irregular [[Enclosure (archaeology)|enclosure]]. It consists of a [[nave]], [[transept]] and [[sacristy]]. To the north of the altar is a [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] window, and above a window is a carving of a bishop's head. The smaller church ruin to the south is from the 12th/13th centuries.<ref>{{lua idirlín
| url = http://www.crsbi.ac.uk/site/2460/
| teideal=Inchbofin, St Rioch
| suíomh=The Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture in Britain & Ireland
}}</ref>
== Tagairtí
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:An tSionainn]]
== Foclóireacht ==
# [[Foclóireacht na Gaeilge]]
# [[Leabharlann an Ard Easpaig Marsh]]=[[Leabharlann Marsh]]-
# [[foclóir.ie]]=[[focloir.ie]]
== An Féineachas ==
[[An Féineachas]] (agus/nó b'fhéidir [[Seanchas]] / [[Béaloideas]]).
Spreagtha ag ''[[:en:Wikipedia:Recent_additions/2025/March#8 March 2025|Recent additions, 8 March 2025]]''
''[https://dil.ie/34117 othrus]'' ≈ fulaingt tinnis/othrais.
Teimpléid;
* [[Teimpléad:WD Bosca Sonraí Doiciméad]]
* [[Teimpléad:efn]]
Nuashonraithe (lámhscríbhinní):
# [[Senchas Már]] (SM)
# [[Bechbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Bechbretha agus Coibes Uisci Thairdne|SM #21]])
# [[Bretha Crólige]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #33]])
# [[Críth Gablach]] (MacA)
# [[Gúbretha Caratniad]] ([[Bodleian Library]], [[Rawlinson B 502]])
As nua, iomlán:
# [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici]] (CIH)
# [[Sanas Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]] (MacA)
# [[Cethairṡlicht Athgabálae]] ([[Senchas Már#Cethairslicht Athgabálae|SM #2]])
# [[Sechtae]] ([[Senchas Már#Sechtae|SM #9]])
# [[Recholl Breth]] (SM #13)
# [[Bretha Déin Chécht]] ([[Senchas Már#Slicht Othrusa, Bretha Crólige agus Bretha Déin Chécht|SM #34]])
# [[Muirbretha]] ([[Senchas Már#Clár ábhar|SM #38]])
# [[Anfuigell]] (m.s., CnaT, LS 1387; MacA)
# [[Berrad Airechta]] (CnaT, LS 1337)
# [[Bretha Étgid]] ([[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann|ARÉ]] LS 23 P 3)
# [[Cóic Conara Fugill]] (m.s., [[Uraicecht Becc]], [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Di Astud Chor]] (''via'' [[Corpus Iuris Hibernici|CIH]])
# [[Mellbretha]] ([[Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide|CnaT]], LS 1363)
# [[Uí Lochlainn]]
# [[Uí Dhuibhdábhoireann]]
# [[CnaT BÁC, LS 1317]], [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath, LS 1317]]
# [[Bóaire]]
# [[Coinmheadh is buannacht]]
# [[Brehon Law Commission]]
# [[Mac Aodhagáin]] → [[Mhic Aodhagáin]]
# [[John Lynch (Gratianus Lucius)]]
# [[Fearghas Ó Ceallaigh]]
# [[Leabharlann COBÁC]]
# [[Cathair Mhic Neachtain]]
# [[Thom McGinty]]
As nua, síolta:
# [[Dlí Ceilteach]]-
# [[Gabháil chine]]-
# [[Cyfraith Hywel]]-
# [[Galanas]]-
# [[Accessus ad auctores]]-
# [[Hapax legomenon]]-
# [[Robert Atkinson]]-
== Dlí luath na hÉireann ==
Fainic: sách fada, mionchúiseach agus as Béarla, mar bharr ar an donas.
The particular "[https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/féineachas An] [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20Irish%20law/ Féineachas]" aside, I'm looking at the general phrase "early Irish law".
My dad was a fishmonger and was always careful to say about his produce "smoked Irish salmon" and not "Irish smoked salmon", if you see the difference.
Is it then "early law of ..." or "law of early ..."? Is "Irish" the language (surely not), the culture, the people or the nation, and in what period? Should "early" be translated as luath or moch? If luath, should it be "luath-" or "- luath"?
Given those options, "early Irish law" could be anything from "luathdhlí Gaelach" to "dlí na hÉireann moiche" and points in between. I favour the former.
Similarly, for "Celtic law" I favour "dlí Ceilteach", i.e., the culture not the people (the Celts, ... na gCeilteach).
Notes:
* Moch: cf. [https://www.tearma.ie/q/Early%20modern%20irish/ Nua-Ghaeilge Mhoch] on téarma.ie
* "Irish": Gaelach, na nGael, Éireannach, na hÉireann?
* What about Welsh, English or Roman law?
{{Dlí luath na hÉireann}}
== Téamh domhanda ==
••• [[:Úsáideoir:TGcoa]] ••• '' príomhscríbhneoir
Ann cheana:
* [[Téamh domhanda]] '' Global warming
* [[:Catagóir:Téamh domhanda]]
* [[Aeráid]] '' Climate
* [[:Catagóir:Athrú aeráide]]
* [[Tonn teasa]] '' Heat wave
* [[Falscaí]] '' Wild fire
* [[Dífhoraoisiú]] ''Deforestation
* [[Eostatacht]] '' Eustacy
'Cúis'eanna nua:
# [[Gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas
# [[Astaíocht charbóin]] '' Carbon emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa]] '' Greenhouse gas emission
# [[Astú gás ceaptha teasa de bharr talamhaíochta]] '' Greenhouse gas emission due to agriculture
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Catagóir:Síciatraithe Gearmánacha
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[[Catagóir:Daoine Gearmánacha de réir slí bheatha|Síc]]
[[Catagóir:Síciatraithe de réir náisiúntachta|Gear]]
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Luíochán Chill Mhichíl
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92060
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Marcas.oduinn
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Chorcaí
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{{Infobox Coinbhleacht Mhíleata
|coinbhleacht =Luíochán Chill Mhichíl
|cuid_de = [[Cogadh na Saoirse (Éire)]]
|íomhá =Iarthair_Chorcaí_185.jpg
|méid_íomhá =250px
|teideal_íomhá=Leac cuimhneacháin
|dáta =28 Samhain, 1920
|áit =[[Cill Mhichíl]], [[Contae Chorcaí]], [[Éire]]
|toradh =Bua Éireannach
|comhraiceoir1= [[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1919-1922)|Óglaigh na hÉireann]]
|comhraiceoir2=[[Constáblacht Ríoga na hÉireann]] <br />([[Póilíní Cúnta]])
|ceannasaí1 =[[Tomás de Barra]]
|ceannasaí2 =[[Francis Crake]]
|líon_comhraic1= 36
|líon_comhraic2=18
|taismigh1 =3
|taismigh2 =17, 1 gort.
|}}
Ba é '''Luíochán Chill Mhichíl''' ar [[28 Samhain]] [[1920]] i g[[Contae Chorcaí]] an luíochán ba mhó le linn [[Cogadh na Saoirse (Éire)|Chogadh na Saoirse]]. Maraíodh seisear ball déag <ref>agus cuireadh fear eile chun báis tamaillín níos déanaí</ref> de Rannán Póilíní Cúnta (an [[Constáblacht Ríoga na hÉireann|RIC]], Auxiliaries nó [[Dúchrónaigh|Dúchrónaigh]]) gar do [[Cill Mhichíl (Corcaigh)|Chill Mhichíl]], idir [[Dúnmaonmhuí|Dún Mánmhaí]] agus [[Maigh Chromtha]].
[[Íomhá:Kilmichael Ambush Site Notice - geograph.org.uk - 499154.jpg|clé|mion]]
=== Cúlra ===
[[Íomhá:Kilmichael Ambush Site Monument - geograph.org.uk - 499014.jpg|clé|mion]]
Ar an 21 Samhain tharla sléacht [[Domhnach na Fola (1920)|Dhomhnach na Fola]] i m[[Baile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath]] (21 Samhain), agus seachtain ina dhiaidh sin, luíochán Chill Mhichíl.
=== An luíochán ===
[[Íomhá:Tom Barry IRA.jpg|clé|mion|'''[[Tom Barry (Poblachtánach)|Tom Barry]]''' ]]
Óglaigh de chuid [[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1919-1922)|Airm Phoblacht na hÉireann]], faoi stiúir [[Tom Barry (Poblachtánach)|Tom Barry]], a bhí freagach as. Rinne an colún reatha de Bhriogáid Chorcaí Thiar luíochán agus mharaigh siad seachtar Póilíní Cúnta déag den ochtar déag, a bhí faoi cheannas Chigire Ceantair an RIC Francis Crake.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/documents/history/2021/01/u7.-leabhar-tionscadail-na-hidirbhliana-c.3.pdf|teideal=Atlas of the Irish Revolution (AONAD 7: Leabhar Tionscadail na hIdirbhliana: COGADH NA SAOIRSE)|údar=UCC.ie|dáta=2018|dátarochtana=2021}}</ref>
D’áitigh Tom Barry go diongbháilte gur lig na Póilíní Cúnta orthu go raibh siad ag géilleadh ag pointe amháin sa chomhrac, sular thosaigh siad ag troid arís. De thoradh na calaoise sin, d’áitigh Barry, maraíodh beirt dá fhir a tháinig amach as an áit ina raibh siad i bhfolach.<ref name=":0" />
Mar gheall ar an bhfeillbheart sin, shocraigh sé gan príosúnaigh ar bith a ghlacadh. Mhaígh lucht cáinte Barry gur chum sé an scéal faoin ngéilleadh bréagach chun bonn cirt a thabhairt le sléacht réamhbheartaithe.
Cibé rud a tharla sa cheo cogaidh, rinneadh bearta díoltais go luath ina dhiaidh sin.<ref name=":0" />
=== Iarmhairt ===
Ba léir go raibh feachtas míleata na Óglach chun dul i dtreise. Thit buille an díoltais gan mhoill:<ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/sraith-nua-eire-1920-an-cath-da-riar/|teideal=SRAITH NUA: Éire 1920 – ‘an cath dá riar’|údar=Gearóid Ó Tuathaigh|dáta=1920|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2021-11-28}}</ref> cuireadh contaetha Chorcaí, Thiobraid Árann, Chiarraí agus Luimnigh faoi dhlí míleata. Ar an 11/12 Nollaig, [[Loscadh Chorcaí (1920)|creachadh agus loscadh lár chathair Chorcaí]]. Níor léir fonn ar bith a bheith ar cheachtar den dá thaobh céim ar gcúl a thabhairt.<ref name=":1" />
Tar éis na n-eachtraí seo, níorbh fhéidir an chogaíocht a shainmhíniú níos mó go simplí mar bheart de chuid na bpóilíní. Coinbhleacht mhíleata a bhí inti.<ref name=":0" />
== Féach freisin ==
* Sléacht [[Domhnach na Fola (1920)|Dhomhnach na Fola]]
* [[Loscadh Chorcaí (1920)|Creachadh agus loscadh lár chathair Chorcaí]].
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Stair Chontae Chorcaí]]
[[Catagóir:1920 in Éirinn]]
[[Catagóir:Constáblacht Ríoga na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Eachtraí míleata le linn Chogadh na Saoirse (Éire)]]
[[Catagóir:Luíocháin]]
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Catagóir:Fisiceoirí Sóivéadacha
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{{Catcómhaoin|Physicists from the Soviet Union|Fisiceoirí Sóivéadacha}}
[[Catagóir:Fisiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Sóiv]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Sóivéadach de réir slí bheatha|Fis]]
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Tadhg mac Muircheartaigh
0
98112
1269357
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"gan bheith..." ag an mbarr
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__NOTOC__
:''Gan bheith measctha le [[Tadhg Uí Dhiarmada]]
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Luath-[[ríthe Mhagh Loirg|rí Mhagh Loirg]] ba ea '''Tadhg mac Muircheartach''', ach is duine gan iomrá é. Ní fios fiú dátaí a réimis. Ní féidir a rá faoi ach gur mhair sé i lár na 11ú haoise agus gurbh é [[Muircheartach mac Maolruanaí Mhóir]] a athair.
Tháinig a mhac, [[Maolruanaidh mac Taidhg|Maolruanaidh]], i gcomharbacht air timpeall na bliana 1080, ach níl ann ach tuairim mheáite.
== Foinsí ==
* [[Dermot MacDermot]] (1996), "Mac Dermot of Moylurg: The Story of a Connacht Family".
* [http://www.macdermot.com/ The MacDermot Clan Association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009173311/http://www.macdermot.com/ |date=2017-10-09 }}
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box |
roimh = [[Muircheartach mac Maolruanaí Mhóir]] |
teideal = [[Ríthe Mhagh Loirg|rí Magh Loirg]] |
tar éis = [[Maolruanaidh mac Taidhg]] |
bliain = ???? - ???? |
}}
{{s-end}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tadhg mac Muircheartach}}
[[Catagóir:Ríthe Mhagh Loirg]]
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Caisleán Dhún Másc
0
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/* Nótaí */Laoise
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Foirgneamh}}
Lomán creagach i g[[Contae Laoise]], Éire is ea '''Dún Másc''' nó '''Carraig Dhún Másc'''<ref name="logainm">{{Cite web-en|url=http://logainm.ie/1166072.aspx|title=Dunamase|work=[[Placenames Database of Ireland]]|access-date=12 August 2013}}</ref> Ag ardú 46 m (151 tr) os cionn mhachaire, tá fothracha '''Chaisleán Dhún Másc''' ann, daingean cosanta a théann siar go [[Ionradh na Normannach ar Éirinn|luath sa tréimhse Normannach]] le radharc trasna go [[Sliabh Bladhma|Sléibhte Shliabh Bladhma]]. Tá sé in aice le [[N80|bóthar an N80]] idir bailte [[Port Laoise|Phort Laoise]] agus [[An Sráidbhaile (Laois)|An Sráidbhaile]].
== Stair ==
[[Íomhá:Dunamase_Castle_NIK2624.jpg|mion| Caisleán Dhún Másc san oíche]]
[[Íomhá:Dunamase_Castle,_Co._Laois_(506903)_(29318027412).jpg|mion| Fothrach an chaisleáin]]
[[Íomhá:Dunamase_Castle,_Co._Laois_(506908)_(29353253802).jpg|mion| Fothrach an chaisleáin]]
[[Íomhá:Rock_of_Dunamase_8.jpg|mion| Plean den chuma ar an gcaisleán ar dtús]]
Léirigh tochailtí sna 1990idí gur socraíodh an Charraig den chéad uair sa 9ú haois nuair a tógadh [[dún cnoic]] ar an suíomh. Ba é Dún Másc an chéad lonnaíocht aitheanta ar an gcarraig, lonnaíocht luath-Chríostaí a rinne na Lochlannaigh chreacha ar sa bhliain 842. In 845 d’ionsaigh Lochlannaigh Bhaile Átha Cliath an láthair agus maraíodh ab [[Tír Dhá Ghlas|Thír Dhá Ghlas]], Aodh mac Dub dá Chrích ann.<ref>''[[Annals of Ulster]]'' 845.2; ''[[Cogad Gaedel re Gallaib]]'' 19.</ref> Níl aon fhianaise shoiléir ar áitiú sa 10ú-11ú haois.
Tógadh an caisleán sa dara leath den 12ú haois.
Nuair a tháinig na Normannaigh go hÉirinn ag deireadh an 12ú haois, ba é Dún Másc an daingniú [[Normannaigh|Normannach]] is tábhachtaí i Laois.
Níos déanaí, nuair a phós iníon Strongbow agus iníon Aoife agus oidhre, Isabel, chuaigh an caisleán i lámha chlann Marshal. Bhí cúigear mac ag [[Uilliam Marshal|William Marshal]], a rinneadh ina leasrí ar Shasana roimh go tháinig [[Anraí III Shasana|Anraí III]] in aois, agus tháinig siad go léir i gcomharbacht air ar a seal agus d'éag gan sliocht. Mar sin sa bhliain 1247 roinneadh na tailte Marshal ar chúigear iníonacha William. Chuaigh Dún Másc chuig [[Eva Marshal]] agus ansin ar a hiníon, [[Maud de Braose, Baroness Wigmore|Maud]], a bhí pósta le [[Roger Mortimer, 1ú Barún Mortimer|Roger Mortimer]]. D’fhan an caisleán i lámha Mortimer go dtí 1330 nuair a cuireadh chun báis [[Roger Mortimer, 1ú Iarla Márta|Roger Mortimer eile]] mar gheall ar thréas. Faoin am a raibh an teaghlach Mortimer athshlánaithe is cosúil go raibh an caisleán imithe as an gceantar a bhí faoi smacht na Normannaigh. Is cosúil go raibh sé ina sceall fothrach faoin mbliain 1350.
Ó na 1350idí nó 1400idí agus go dtí an 16ú haois ba chuid de thalamh mhuintir chumhachtach Uí Mhórdha (Moore nó Ó Mórdha anois) é a bhí i gceannas ar [[Contae Laoise|Chontae Laoise]] ar feadh na gcéadta bliain go dtí an 16ú nó 17ú haois nuair a thug siad aghaidh ar fhreasúra mór ó na Sasanaigh. Bhí [[Ruairí Óg Ó Mórdha]] cáiliúil de bharr a frithbheartaíocht in aghaidh na Sasanaigh. Mar sin, tugtar "The O'Moore County" ar Chontae Laoise inniu. Tá aistriú na Ó Mórdha ó Laois go tailte nua curtha chun cuimhne amhlaidh i dán ón 19ú haois, ''Transplanted'', le William O’Neill:
<poem>
''But vain I wait and listen for Rory Og is dead,''
''And in the halls of Dunamase a Saxon rules instead,''
''And o'er his fruitful acres the stranger now is lord''
''Where since the days of Cuchorb a proud O'Moore kept ward.''
</poem>
Ba [[Ruairí Óg Ó Mórdha]], [[Tiarna Laoise]], úinéir cáiliúil den chaisleán. D’fhág na hUí Mhórdha an caisleán agus bhog siad go Cill Dara, ar thalamh a bhronn col ceathrar Rory O’More, [[Eilís I Shasana]] orthu, dóibh i 1574. Rinneadh teaghlach Moore de mhuintir Uí Mhórdha, cé gur phós Ó Mórdha i 1751 le teaghlach O’Ferrall, a ghlac leis an sloinne More O’Ferrall ina dhiaidh sin. Laghdaíodh an teaghlach ó cheann de na teaghlaigh Éireannacha ba chumhachtaí go dtí na huaisle caighdeánacha, cé gur dhiúltaigh na More O’Ferralls piaráiste sa 17ú haois agus níos déanaí barúntacht sa 19ú (tá sé de cheart acu fós an teideal Thiarna, a úsáid). Laoise, agus dírítear uaireanta ar cheann an teaghlaigh mar sin). In ainneoin an athraithe stádais, áfach, tá ról tábhachtach fós ag an teaghlach i stair na hÉireann ó bhog siad. Ní raibh aon pháirt ag an chaisleán i [[Cromail in Éirinn 1649-1650|gcogaí Chromail]]. Rinne scrios ar i 1650 chun chosc a chuir ar a úsáid. I ndeireadh an 18ú haois thosaigh [[Sir Seán Parnell, 2ú Barún|Sir John Parnell]] ag tógáil halla féasta laistigh den fhothrach agus chuimsigh an saothar seo sonraí ailtireachta meánaoiseacha a tógadh ó shuímh eile sa cheantar.
Luaitear Dún Másc san dán [[Tuilleadh feasa ar Éirinn óigh]] le [[Giolla na Naomh Ó hUidhrín]]:
<poem>
''Fa Dún Mascc as mín fuinn,''
''O'Duib for Chenel cCrioṁṫainn,''
''Triath an tíre fa ṫoraḋ,''
''Iath as míne measrogaḋ.''
</poem>
== Cur Síos ==
Tá an caisleán suite ar lomán creagach. Tá halla mór timplithe le [[imbhalla]]. Tá [[cúlgheata éalaithe]] don thiar theas agus teach geata don thoir theas, a osclaíonn isteach i barbacán.
== Tagairtí ==
* {{Cite book-en|first=Brian|author=Hodkinson|title=The Medieval Castle in Ireland and Wales|location=Dublin|year=2003|publisher=Four Courts Press|isbn=9781851827268}}
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Sources for the History of Dunamase Castle|first=B.J.|author=Hodkinson|journal=Laois Heritage Society Journal|issue=1|year=2003}}
== Nótaí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí náisiúnta i gContae Laoise]]
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Caisleáin na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Caisleáin i gContae Laoise]]
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Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí náisiúnta i gContae Laoise
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Bhog Marcas.oduinn an leathanach [[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí náisiúnta i gContae Laois]] go [[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí náisiúnta i gContae Laoise]]: Misspelled title: Gramadach
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[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]]
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Catagóir:Eolaithe Sualannacha
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[[Catagóir:Eolaithe de réir náisiúntachta|Sua]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Sualannacha de réir slí bheatha|Eol]]
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Catagóir:Eolaithe Iodálacha
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[[Catagóir:Eolaithe de réir náisiúntachta|Iod]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Iodálacha de réir slí bheatha|Eol]]
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Catagóir:Síceolaithe Meiriceánacha
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[[Catagóir:Daoine Meiriceánacha de réir slí bheatha|Síc]]
[[Catagóir:Síceolaithe de réir náisiúntachta|Meir]]
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Catagóir:Geolaithe Éireannacha
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[[Catagóir:Daoine Éireannacha de réir slí bheatha|Geo]]
[[Catagóir:Geolaithe de réir tíre|Éir]]
[[Catagóir:Eolaithe Éireannacha|Geo]]
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Catagóir:Amhránaithe Seiceacha
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[[Catagóir:Ceol Phoblacht na Seice]]
[[Catagóir:Amhránaithe de réir náisiúntachta|Seiceacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Seiceacha de réir slí bheatha|Amh]]
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Catagóir:Ceapadóirí Ollannacha
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[[Catagóir:Aireagóirí de réir náisiúntachta|Oll]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as an Ísiltír de réir slí bheatha|Air]]
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Catagóir:Geolaithe Francacha
14
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{{Catcómhaoin|Geologists from France|Geolaithe ón bhFrainc}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine Francacha de réir slí bheatha|Geo]]
[[Catagóir:Geolaithe de réir tíre|Fra]]
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Mikhail Kalashnikov
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Leifteanant-ghinearál in arm an [[An tAontas Sóivéadach|Aontais Shóivéadaigh]] ba ea '''Mikhail Kalashnikov''' (10 Samhain 1919 – 23 Nollaig 2013). Dhear sé an raidhfil ionsaithe, an [[AK-47]], siar sa bhliain 1945. Bíonn an AK-47 ar cheann de na dearaí is clúití agus is íocónaí riamh. Sna 2010idí, bhain beagnach leath de na hairm ar domhan le raidhfilí de dhéantús Kalashnikov.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/cultur/dearadh/%d0%b0%d0%b2%d1%82%d0%be%d0%bc%d0%b0%d1%82-%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%88%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b0/|teideal=Автомат Калашникова An gunna a dearadh chun an Rúis a chosaint|údar=Micheál Mac an Bheatha|language=en-US|work=NÓS|dátarochtana=2022-05-09}}</ref>
[[Íomhá:Kalashnikov Mikhail (4).jpg|clé|mion|Mikhail Kalashnikov ar chlé, 1949]]
[[Íomhá:Stamp of Russia 2014 No 1883 Mikhail Kalashnikov.png|clé|mion]]
=== Freagracht ===
<blockquote>''“Cuireann daoine ceist orm go minic an mothaím ciontach mar gheall ar an fhulaingt daonna a dhéantar in ionsaithe leis an AK-47. Insím dóibh gur dhear mé an gunna chun Máthairthír na Rúise a chosaint óna namhaid. Dar ndóigh, bíonn brón agus frustrachas orm nuair a fheicim coimheascair armtha agus m’arm á úsáid ar mhaithe le cogaí creachóireacha agus ar mhaithe le cuspóirí sceimhlitheoireachta agus coiriúlachta. Ach ní hiad na dearthóirí a chaithfeas freagracht a ghlacadh as cá háit a gcríochnaíonn siad suas; is iad na rialtais a chaithfeas smacht a choinneáil ar a dtairgeadh agus ar a n-easpórtáil.”<ref name=":0" />''</blockquote>
[[Íomhá:Mikhail Kalashnikov 2019 stamp of Russia.jpg|clé|mion]]
Fuair Kalashnikov bás in 2013 agus é 94 bliana d’aois.
== Féach freisin ==
* [[AK-47]]
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
{{síol-innealtóir}}
{{síol-ru}}
{{síol-stair}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalashnikov, Mikhail}}
[[Catagóir:Aireagóirí]]
[[Catagóir:An Dara Cogadh Domhanda]]
[[Catagóir:Aontas na bPoblachtaí Sóivéadacha Sóisialacha]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna in 2013]]
[[Catagóir:Críostaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1919]]
[[Catagóir:Fir]]
[[Catagóir:Ginearáil]]
[[Catagóir:Innealtóirí Rúiseacha]]
[[Catagóir:Polaiteoirí na Rúise]]
qlri902peq8ag57ps3ttso49xc34noj
Catagóir:Fisiceoirí Ungáracha
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{{Catcómhaoin|Physicists from Hungary|Fisiceoirí Ungáracha}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine Ungáracha de réir slí bheatha|Fis]]
[[Catagóir:Fisiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Ung]]
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Catagóir:Eolaithe Seiceacha
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[[Catagóir:Eolaithe de réir náisiúntachta|Seic]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Seiceacha de réir slí bheatha|Eol]]
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Catagóir:Bitheolaithe Seiceacha
14
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570
++
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[[Catagóir:Bitheolaithe de réir náisiúntachta|Seic]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Seiceacha de réir slí bheatha|Bith]]
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Catagóir:Bithcheimiceoirí Sasanacha
14
101624
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570
Catagóir:Daoine Sasanacha de réir slí bheatha
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[[Catagóir:Bithcheimiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Sas]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Sasanacha de réir slí bheatha|Bith]]
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Catagóir:Geolaithe Albanacha
14
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{{Catcómhaoin|Geologists from Scotland|Geolaithe Albanacha}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine Albanacha de réir slí bheatha|Geo]]
[[Catagóir:Geolaithe de réir tíre|Alb]]
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Catagóir:Fealsúna Arabacha
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[[Catagóir:Fealsúna de réir náisiúntachta|Ara]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Arabach de réir slí bheatha|Fea]]
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Geoffrey Hinton
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
[[Ríomheolaíocht|Ríomheolaí]] agus [[Síceolaíocht|síceolaí]] Sasanach is ea '''Geoffrey Hinton''' [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] [[Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada|FRSC]] (a rugadh sa bhliain 1947), ar a dtugtar ceannródaí na h[[Intleacht shaorga|intleachta saorga]]. D'fhorbair sé [[algartam forleata shiarghabhálaigh]] chun [[Líonra néarach saorga|líonraí néaracha]] ilsrathacha a chur i bhfeidhm.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/rnag/clips/22245079/|teideal=Tús Áite: Intleacht Shaorga|údar=Raidió na Gaeltachta|dáta=5/2023|language=ga-IE|work=RTE Radio|dátarochtana=2023-05-07}}</ref>
Rinne Hinton [[taighde]] faoi líonraí néaracha domhainfhoghlama sna 1980idí (in éineacht le [[David Rumelhart]] and [[Ronald J. Williams]]). Bhí tábhacht nach beag leis an taighde sin sna 2020idí i réimse na [[intleacht shaorga|hintleachta saorga]] (don chóras [[ChatGPT]], mar shampla).
[[Íomhá:Geoffrey Hinton at UBC.jpg|clé|mion|2013]]
=== Gairm ===
D'oibrigh Hinton in [[Google Brain]] agus [[Ollscoil Toronto]] idir 2013-2023. D’éirigh sé as a phost in Google i mí na Bealtaine 2023.<ref>i mí an Mhárta 2023, shínigh go leor daoine sa réimse litir oscailte inar mhol siad stop a chur leis an bhforbairt a bhíothas á déanamh ar an intleacht shaorga chun go mbeimis in ann fearais shábháilteachta a chruthú ar dtús. Bhí Hinton ar aon intinn leo, ach ní raibh sé in ann an litir a shíniú mar bhí conradh fostaíochta aige le Google Brain ag an am.</ref><ref name=":0" /> Dúirt sé go raibh eagla air mar gheall ar an dul chun cinn a bhí ag tarlú san intleacht shaorga. De réir Hinton, tá na líonraí seo beagnach chomh cliste linne anois. Dúirt Hinton go bhfuil sé buartha faoi cad a tharlódh dá gcinnfeadh [[deachtóir]]í an intleacht shaorga a úsáid.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/6-bealtaine-2023-an-cl%C3%A1r/id1525428808?i=1000611973348|teideal=Geoffrey Hinton / Nuacht mhall|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge Londain|dáta=6 Bealtaine 2023|dátarochtana=6 Bealtaine 2023}}</ref>
Dheimhnigh sé go gcuireann an iomaíocht idir fathaigh teicneolaíochta brú ar chuideachtaí teicneolaíochtaí nua AI a scaoileadh go róthapa, go bhfuil poist á gcur i mbaol agus go bhfuil an baol ann go scaipfear mífhaisnéis.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://extrag.ie/2023/05/04/nuacht/ai-rioscai-mora-do-chine-daonna/|teideal=AI ina ‘rioscaí móra don chine daonna’: an ‘godfather’ de AI|údar=Chloe O'Keeffe|dáta=2023-05-04|language=ga-IE|dátarochtana=2023-05-07}}</ref>c1c1
== Féach freisin ==
* [[ChatGPT]]
* [[Líonra néarach saorga|Líonra néarach saorach]]
* [[Intleacht shaorga]]
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hinton, Geoffrey}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1947]]
[[Catagóir:Eolaithe ríomhaireachta]]
[[Catagóir:Síceolaithe Sasanacha]]
[[Catagóir:Intleacht shaorga]]
[[Catagóir:Acadóirí]]
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Catagóir:Aireagóirí Meiriceánacha an 20ú haois
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Catagóir:Aireagóirí Meiriceánacha
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[[Catagóir:Aireagóirí Meiriceánacha]]
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Oppenheimer (scannán)
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{{Teideal iodálach}}
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Scannáin}}
Is é '''''Oppenheimer''''' [[scannán]] fada a stiúir agus a léirigh Christopher Nolan. Seoladh an scannán go hoifigiúil ar 19 Iúil 2023 sa Fhrainc.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Oppenheimer|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt15398776/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_1_tt_1_nm_6_q_Oppenheimer%2520|publisher=Universal Pictures, Atlas Entertainment, Gadget Films|date=2023-07-21|coauthors=Cillian Murphy, Emily Blunt, Matt Damon|author=Christopher Nolan}}</ref> D’éirigh leis an scannán seacht n[[Gradaim an Acadaimh|Oscar]] ([[Gradaim an Acadaimh]]) ar fad a fháil sa bhliain 2024.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/rnag/clips/22281697/|teideal=Róisín Ní Mhaoláin, Léirmheastóir.|údar=RnaG|dáta=2023-08-01|language=ga-IE|work=RTE Radio|dátarochtana=2024-03-16}}</ref>
[[Íomhá:JROppenheimer-LosAlamos.jpg|clé|mion|J. Robert Oppenheimer, in [[Los Alamos]] 1944; Tá Cillian Murphy an-chosúil leis an bhfear é féin<ref name=":0" />]]
=== Plota ===
[[Íomhá:Period car at UC Berkeley campus for the filming of the 2022 movie Oppenheimer.jpg|clé|mion|gluaisteán seanré ag UC [[Ollscoil Berkeley|Berkeley]] sa bhliain 2002, le linn na scannánaíochta]]
Scannán [[Beathaisnéis|beathaisnéise]] atá ann faoin bh[[fisiceoir]] a chruthaigh an [[buama adamhach]]. [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]], “athair an bhuama adamhaigh”, "Oppy" agus a chomrádaithe eolaíochta ag iarraidh buama adamhach a chruthú sula ndéanfadh na [[Naitsíochas|Naitsithe]] é. Dírítear ar a óige, a ghaiscí míchlúiteacha i rith an [[Dara Cogadh Domhanda]] mar aon leis an ngéarleanúint a rinneadh air ina dhiaidh sin.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/saothar-ar-leith-eile-on-gceardai-christopher-nolan/|teideal=Saothar ar leith eile ón gceardaí Christopher Nolan|údar=Breandán M Mac Gearailt|dáta=1 Lúnasa 2023|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-03-16}}</ref>
Tá trí amlíne dhifriúil fite fuaite le chéile anseo aige: laethanta a óige mar scoláire, éisteacht slándála dá chuid féin i 1954 agus éisteacht daingniúcháin le [[Lewis Strauss]] i 1959.
[[Íomhá:GrandRexFacade 90ans.jpg|clé|mion|Reáchtáladh an premiere ar 19 Iúil 2023 sa Grand Rex i bPáras.]]
Déantar iarracht iniúchadh a dhéanamh ar mheabhair agus ar mheon Oppenheimer, fear fíorchliste, fear ban, duine a bhí tiomanta dá chuid oibre cé gur thuig sé na hiarmhairtí a bheadh uirthi agus fear a bhí ciaptha ag na hiarmhairtí céanna ina dhiaidh sin.
Scéal uafáis á insint gan fiacail a chur ann…[[cinedhíothú]] á phleanáil agus á chur i gcrích chun na [[Seapánaigh]] a cheansú i dtreo dheireadh an dara cogadh domhanda, nuair ná rabhadar meáite géilleadh d’fhórsaí na gComhghuaillithe.<ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/barbie-no-oppenheimer-bfheidir-gur-barbenheimer-an-freagra-ar-an-mbaisteach/|teideal=‘Barbie’ nó ‘Oppenheimer’? B’fhéidir gur Barbenheimer an freagra ar an mbáisteach…|údar=Seosaimhín Ní Bheaglaoich|dáta=17 Lúnasa 2023|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-03-16}}</ref>
Lucht pleanála an bhuama seo gan taise gan trócaire ag troid is ag sárú eatarthu fhéin, anuas air sin. Paranóia na Meiriceánach i gcoinne an [[Cumannachas|Chumannachais]], gan trácht ar [[Frith-Sheimiteachas|fhrith-Sheimiteachas]] agus aon ní ná beart ná raibh Fíor-Mheiriceánach, ní maith.<ref name=":1" /> Meabhraítear dúinn arís is arís go raibh an [[Uileloscadh|ghéarleanúint]] a bhí á déanamh ag na Naitsithe ar [[An Giúdachas|Ghiúdaigh]] ag spreagadh na n-eolaithe Giúdacha chun gnímh.<ref name=":0" />
=== Gradaim ===
Bhain Cillian Murphy éacht amach nuair a bhuaigh sé Gradam Oscar don aisteoir fireann is fearr dá ról mar J Robert Oppenheimer. 7 gcinn de Ghradaim a fuair "Oppenheimer"; An Scannán agus Stiúrthóir agus Aisteoir is Fearr, chomh maith leis an Aisteoir Tacaíochta is Fearr (Robert Downey Jr), Cineamatagrafaíocht (Hoyte Van Hoytema), an Bunscór (Ludwig Göransson) agus Eagarthóireacht (Jennifer Lame).<ref name=":2">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title="Éireannach bródúil" - Gradam Oscar ag Cillian|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2024/0311/1437192-eireannach-broduil-gradam-oscar-ag-cillian/|date=2024-03-11|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref>
Agus é ag glacadh leis an ngradam Oscar, dúirt [[Cillian Murphy]] go bhfuilimid inár gcónaí i ndomhan Oppenheimer, agus thiomnaigh sé an gradam do na daoine a dhéanann síocháin.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/16-m%C3%A1rta-2024-ciarra%C3%AD/id1525428808?i=1000649414344|teideal=Nuacht Mhall: (Ciarraí)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge, Londain|dáta=16 Márta 2024|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2024-03-16}}</ref> Chuir sé clabhsúr lena phíosa cainte ag trácht ar an scannán faoin bhfear a chum an buama adamhach. "Tá muid ar fad anois bíodh sé maith nó olc, sa saol a chruthaigh Oppenheimer, mar sin ba mhaith liom an gradam seo a thiomnú do lucht na síochána i ngach áit."<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/on-gcroi-a-thagann-se-ni-bhíonn-air-aon-chur-i-gceill-a-dheanamh-athair-chillian-murphy-an-mhoralach-as/|teideal=‘Ón gcroí a thagann sé, ní bhíonn air aon chur i gcéill a dhéanamh’ – athair Chillian Murphy ‘an-mhórálach’ as|dáta=2024-03-12|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-03-16}}{{Dead link|date=Bealtaine 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/rnag/clips/22346607/|teideal=Breandán Ó Murchú;Trácht air a mhac,an t-aisteoir Cillian Ó Murchú. Deineann a athair,Breandán, cur síos anseo ar a mhac, agus an spéis a bhí aige san aisteoireacht agus é óg go maith.|údar=RnaG|dáta=2024-01-24|language=ga-IE|work=RTE Radio|dátarochtana=2024-03-16}}</ref>
== Féach freisin ==
* [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]]
* [[Cillian Murphy]]
* [[Christopher Nolan (stiúrthóir)]]
* [[Comhdhíothú dearbhaithe]]
* [[Iomadú núicléach]]
* [[Uileloscadh|An tÚileloscadh]]
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Oppenheimer }}
[[Catagóir:Scannáin 2023]]
[[Catagóir:Buama adamhach]]
[[Catagóir:Christopher Nolan]]
[[Catagóir:Scannáin Mheiriceánacha]]
[[Catagóir:Airm núicléacha]]
[[Catagóir:Iomadú núicléach]]
[[Catagóir:An Dara Cogadh Domhanda]]
6aboe10v0blp3tedpwgtsb65x06envg
Comhairle Cathrach Lios na gCearrbhach agus an Caisleán Riabhach
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/* Méaracht */
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}
Is údarás áitiúil i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann]] é '''Comhairle Cathrach Lios na gCearrbhach agus an Caisleán Riabhach''' ([[Béarla]]: ''Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council''), a bunaíodh ar an 1 Aibreán 2015. Tháinig an chomhairle nua in áit [[Comhairle Cathrach Lios na gCearrbhach]] agus [[Comhairle Buirge Chaisleán Riabhach]]. Bhí an chéad toghcháin chuig an údaráis ar an 22 Bealtaine 2014, agus ghníomhaigh sí mar scáthúdarás, roimh chruthú omhairle Cathrach Lios na gCearrbhach agus an Caisleán Riabhach, ar an 1 Aibreán 2015.
== Méaracht ==
=== Méaraí ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"
|-
!Ó
!A
! scope="col" style="width:200px;"| Ainm
! colspan="2" scope="col" width="150" | Páirtí
|-
|2015
|2016
|Thomas Beckett
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|2016
|2017
|Brian Bloomfield
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|2017
|2018
|Tim Morrow
| style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|2018
|2019
|Uel Mackin
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|2019
|2020
|Alan Givan
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|2020
|2021
|Nicholas Trimble
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|2021
|2022
|Stephen Martin
| style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|2022
|2023
|Scott Carson
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|2023
|2024
|Andrew Gowan
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|2024
|2025
|Kurtis Dickson
| style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|2025
|Inniu
|Amanda Grehan
| style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|}
=== Leas mhéaraí===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"
|-
!Ó
!A
! scope="col" style="width:200px;"| Ainm
! colspan="2" scope="col" width="150" | Páirtí
|-
|2015
|2016
|Alexander Redpath
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|2016
|2017
|Stephen Martin
| style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|2017
|2018
|Hazel Legge
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|2018
|2019
|Amanda Grehan
| style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|2019
|2020
|Johnny McCarthy
| style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]]
|-
|2020
|2021
|Jenny Palmer
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|2021
|2022
|Tim Mitchell
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|2022
|2023
|Michelle Guy
| style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|2023
|2024
|Gary McCleave
| style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]]
|-
|2024
|2025
|Ryan Carlin
| style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]]
|-
|2025
|inniu
|Hazel Legge
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|}
== Comhairleoirí==
Chun críche toghcháin tá an chomhairle roinnte i seacht Limistéar Toghcheantar (LTC):<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.deac-ni.org/index/current-review-of-district-electoral-areas/final_ni_overview__300dpi_a1_.pdf |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2018-01-29 |archivedate=2015-09-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929020745/http://www.deac-ni.org/index/current-review-of-district-electoral-areas/final_ni_overview__300dpi_a1_.pdf }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"
!Limistéar
!Suíocháin
|-
|An Caisleán Riabhach Thoir
|6
|-
|An Caisleán Riabhach Theas
|7
|-
|Downshire Thoir
|5
|-
| Downshire Thiar
|5
|-
|Coill Ultaigh
|5
|-
|Lios na gCearrbhach Thuaidh
|6
|-
|Lios na gCearrbhach Theas
|6
|}
===Láidreacht na bPáirtithe===
[[File:LisburnAndCastlereagh2023.svg|250px]]
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 10px;"
! colspan="2" |Páirtí
!Tofa <br/>2014
!Tofa <br/>2019
!Tofa <br/>2023
|-
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|align="right"|20
|align="right"|15
|align="right"|14
|-
! style="background:{{Comhaontas Glas/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|align="right"|7
|align="right"|9
|align="right"|13
|-
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|align="right"|8
|align="right"|11
|align="right"|6
|-
! style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" |
|[[Sinn Féin]]
|align="right"|0
|align="right"|2
|align="right"|4
|-
! style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre|PSDLO]]
|align="right"|3
|align="right"|2
|align="right"|2
|-
! style="background:{{Comhaontas Glas/meta/color}};" |
|[[Comhaontas Glas|Comhaontas Glas (TÉ)]]
|align="right"|0
|align="right"|1
|align="right"|0
|-
! style="background:{{Glór Traidisiúnta na nAontachtaithe/meta/color}};"|
| [[Glór Traidisiúnta Aontachtach|GTA]]
|align="right"|1
|align="right"|0
|align="right"|0
|-
! style="background:{{NI21/meta/color}};"|
| [[NI21]]
|align="right"|1
|align="right"|0
|align="right"|0
|-
! style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" |
|Neamhspleách
|align="right"|0
|align="right"|0
|align="right"|1
|-
|}
=== Comhairleoirí de réir toghlimistéar===
[[File:Causeway_Coast_and_Glens_Borough_Council_Election_2023.svg|400px]]
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 10px;"
! colspan="4" | Comhairleoirí tar éis [[Toghcháin Áitiúla Thuaisceart Éireann 2023]]
|-
! Toghlimistéar
! Ainm
! colspan="2" |Páirtí
|-
|rowspan="6" align="left"|An Caisleán Riabhach Thoir
|align="right"|Sharon Skillen
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Martin Gregg
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Samantha Burns
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Sharon Lowry
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|John Laverty
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Hazel Legge
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|rowspan="7" align="left"|An Caisleán Riabhach Theas
|align="right"| Jamie Harpur †
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Brian Higginson
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"| Nancy Eaton
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|John Gallen
! style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre|PSDLO]]
|-
|align="right"|Ryan Carlin
! style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" |
| [[Sinn Féin]]
|-
|align="right"| Martin McKeever
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Daniel Bassett
! style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" |
| [[Sinn Féin]]
|-
|rowspan="5" align="left"|Downshire Thoir
|align="right"|Andrew Gowan
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Uel Mackin
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"| Aaron McIntyre
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"| Kurtis Dickson
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|James Baird
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|rowspan="5" align="left"|Downshire Thiar
|align="right"| Owen Gawith
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Gretta Thompson
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Alan Martin
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|align="right"|Allan Ewart
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Caleb McCready
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|rowspan="5" align="left"|Coill Ultaigh
|align="right"| Gary McCleave
! style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" |
| [[Sinn Féin]]
|-
|align="right"|Claire Kemp
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Thomas Beckett
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|James Tinsely
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Ross McLernon
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|rowspan="6" align="left"|Lios na gCearrbhach Thuaidh
|align="right"| Declan Lynch †
! style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" |
| [[Sinn Féin]]
|-
|align="right"|[[Jonathan Craig]]
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Nicola Parker
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Pat Catney
! style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre|PSDLO]]
|-
|align="right"|Nicholas Trimble
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|align="right"|Gary Hynds
! style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}}" |
| Neamhspleách
|-
|rowspan="6" align="left"|Lios na gCearrbhach Theas
|align="right"|Andrew Ewing
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Amanda Grehan
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Alan Givan
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Jessica Bamford †
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Tim Mitchell
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Paul Porter
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|}
<small> † comhairleoir comhthofa </small>
==Daonra==
Clúdaonn limistéar na Comhairle nua daonra de 134,841 áitritheoirí dar le Daonáireamh Thuaisceart Éireann, sa bhliain 2011 .<ref>{{cite web|teideal=NI Census 2011 - Key Statistics Summary Report, September 2014|url=http://www.nisra.gov.uk/archive/census/2011/results/key-statistics/summary-report.pdf|website=NI Statistics and Research Agency|accessdate=28 September 2014|dátarochtana=15 Aibreán 2024|archivedate=15 Nollaig 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215081312/http://www.nisra.gov.uk/archive/census/2011/results/key-statistics/summary-report.pdf}}</ref>
==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}
{{Rialtas Áitiúil i dTuaisceart Éireann}}
[[Catagóir:Polaitíocht Thuaisceart Éireann]]
oipf14xswfri65l0ctyzn00yo9x6qnf
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/* Láidreacht na bPáirtithe */
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}
Is údarás áitiúil i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann]] é '''Comhairle Cathrach Lios na gCearrbhach agus an Caisleán Riabhach''' ([[Béarla]]: ''Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council''), a bunaíodh ar an 1 Aibreán 2015. Tháinig an chomhairle nua in áit [[Comhairle Cathrach Lios na gCearrbhach]] agus [[Comhairle Buirge Chaisleán Riabhach]]. Bhí an chéad toghcháin chuig an údaráis ar an 22 Bealtaine 2014, agus ghníomhaigh sí mar scáthúdarás, roimh chruthú omhairle Cathrach Lios na gCearrbhach agus an Caisleán Riabhach, ar an 1 Aibreán 2015.
== Méaracht ==
=== Méaraí ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"
|-
!Ó
!A
! scope="col" style="width:200px;"| Ainm
! colspan="2" scope="col" width="150" | Páirtí
|-
|2015
|2016
|Thomas Beckett
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|2016
|2017
|Brian Bloomfield
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|2017
|2018
|Tim Morrow
| style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|2018
|2019
|Uel Mackin
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|2019
|2020
|Alan Givan
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|2020
|2021
|Nicholas Trimble
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|2021
|2022
|Stephen Martin
| style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|2022
|2023
|Scott Carson
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|2023
|2024
|Andrew Gowan
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|2024
|2025
|Kurtis Dickson
| style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|2025
|Inniu
|Amanda Grehan
| style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|}
=== Leas mhéaraí===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"
|-
!Ó
!A
! scope="col" style="width:200px;"| Ainm
! colspan="2" scope="col" width="150" | Páirtí
|-
|2015
|2016
|Alexander Redpath
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|2016
|2017
|Stephen Martin
| style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|2017
|2018
|Hazel Legge
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|2018
|2019
|Amanda Grehan
| style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|2019
|2020
|Johnny McCarthy
| style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]]
|-
|2020
|2021
|Jenny Palmer
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|2021
|2022
|Tim Mitchell
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|2022
|2023
|Michelle Guy
| style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|2023
|2024
|Gary McCleave
| style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]]
|-
|2024
|2025
|Ryan Carlin
| style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]]
|-
|2025
|inniu
|Hazel Legge
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|}
== Comhairleoirí==
Chun críche toghcháin tá an chomhairle roinnte i seacht Limistéar Toghcheantar (LTC):<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.deac-ni.org/index/current-review-of-district-electoral-areas/final_ni_overview__300dpi_a1_.pdf |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2018-01-29 |archivedate=2015-09-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929020745/http://www.deac-ni.org/index/current-review-of-district-electoral-areas/final_ni_overview__300dpi_a1_.pdf }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"
!Limistéar
!Suíocháin
|-
|An Caisleán Riabhach Thoir
|6
|-
|An Caisleán Riabhach Theas
|7
|-
|Downshire Thoir
|5
|-
| Downshire Thiar
|5
|-
|Coill Ultaigh
|5
|-
|Lios na gCearrbhach Thuaidh
|6
|-
|Lios na gCearrbhach Theas
|6
|}
===Láidreacht na bPáirtithe===
[[File:LisburnAndCastlereagh2023.svg|250px]]
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 10px;"
! colspan="2" |Páirtí
!Tofa <br/>2014
!Tofa <br/>2019
!Tofa <br/>2023
|-
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|align="right"|20
|align="right"|15
|align="right"|14
|-
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|align="right"|7
|align="right"|9
|align="right"|13
|-
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|align="right"|8
|align="right"|11
|align="right"|6
|-
! style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" |
|[[Sinn Féin]]
|align="right"|0
|align="right"|2
|align="right"|4
|-
! style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre|PSDLO]]
|align="right"|3
|align="right"|2
|align="right"|2
|-
! style="background:{{Comhaontas Glas/meta/color}};" |
|[[Comhaontas Glas|Comhaontas Glas (TÉ)]]
|align="right"|0
|align="right"|1
|align="right"|0
|-
! style="background:{{Glór Traidisiúnta na nAontachtaithe/meta/color}};"|
| [[Glór Traidisiúnta Aontachtach|GTA]]
|align="right"|1
|align="right"|0
|align="right"|0
|-
! style="background:{{NI21/meta/color}};"|
| [[NI21]]
|align="right"|1
|align="right"|0
|align="right"|0
|-
! style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" |
|Neamhspleách
|align="right"|0
|align="right"|0
|align="right"|1
|-
|}
=== Comhairleoirí de réir toghlimistéar===
[[File:Causeway_Coast_and_Glens_Borough_Council_Election_2023.svg|400px]]
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 10px;"
! colspan="4" | Comhairleoirí tar éis [[Toghcháin Áitiúla Thuaisceart Éireann 2023]]
|-
! Toghlimistéar
! Ainm
! colspan="2" |Páirtí
|-
|rowspan="6" align="left"|An Caisleán Riabhach Thoir
|align="right"|Sharon Skillen
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Martin Gregg
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Samantha Burns
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Sharon Lowry
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|John Laverty
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Hazel Legge
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|rowspan="7" align="left"|An Caisleán Riabhach Theas
|align="right"| Jamie Harpur †
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Brian Higginson
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"| Nancy Eaton
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|John Gallen
! style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre|PSDLO]]
|-
|align="right"|Ryan Carlin
! style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" |
| [[Sinn Féin]]
|-
|align="right"| Martin McKeever
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Daniel Bassett
! style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" |
| [[Sinn Féin]]
|-
|rowspan="5" align="left"|Downshire Thoir
|align="right"|Andrew Gowan
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Uel Mackin
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"| Aaron McIntyre
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"| Kurtis Dickson
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|James Baird
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|rowspan="5" align="left"|Downshire Thiar
|align="right"| Owen Gawith
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Gretta Thompson
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Alan Martin
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|align="right"|Allan Ewart
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Caleb McCready
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|rowspan="5" align="left"|Coill Ultaigh
|align="right"| Gary McCleave
! style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" |
| [[Sinn Féin]]
|-
|align="right"|Claire Kemp
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Thomas Beckett
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|James Tinsely
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Ross McLernon
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|rowspan="6" align="left"|Lios na gCearrbhach Thuaidh
|align="right"| Declan Lynch †
! style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" |
| [[Sinn Féin]]
|-
|align="right"|[[Jonathan Craig]]
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Nicola Parker
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Pat Catney
! style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre|PSDLO]]
|-
|align="right"|Nicholas Trimble
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|align="right"|Gary Hynds
! style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}}" |
| Neamhspleách
|-
|rowspan="6" align="left"|Lios na gCearrbhach Theas
|align="right"|Andrew Ewing
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Amanda Grehan
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Alan Givan
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Jessica Bamford †
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Tim Mitchell
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Paul Porter
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|}
<small> † comhairleoir comhthofa </small>
==Daonra==
Clúdaonn limistéar na Comhairle nua daonra de 134,841 áitritheoirí dar le Daonáireamh Thuaisceart Éireann, sa bhliain 2011 .<ref>{{cite web|teideal=NI Census 2011 - Key Statistics Summary Report, September 2014|url=http://www.nisra.gov.uk/archive/census/2011/results/key-statistics/summary-report.pdf|website=NI Statistics and Research Agency|accessdate=28 September 2014|dátarochtana=15 Aibreán 2024|archivedate=15 Nollaig 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215081312/http://www.nisra.gov.uk/archive/census/2011/results/key-statistics/summary-report.pdf}}</ref>
==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}
{{Rialtas Áitiúil i dTuaisceart Éireann}}
[[Catagóir:Polaitíocht Thuaisceart Éireann]]
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}
Is údarás áitiúil i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann]] é '''Comhairle Cathrach Lios na gCearrbhach agus an Caisleán Riabhach''' ([[Béarla]]: ''Lisburn and Castlereagh City Council''), a bunaíodh ar an 1 Aibreán 2015. Tháinig an chomhairle nua in áit [[Comhairle Cathrach Lios na gCearrbhach]] agus [[Comhairle Buirge Chaisleán Riabhach]]. Bhí an chéad toghcháin chuig an údaráis ar an 22 Bealtaine 2014, agus ghníomhaigh sí mar scáthúdarás, roimh chruthú omhairle Cathrach Lios na gCearrbhach agus an Caisleán Riabhach, ar an 1 Aibreán 2015.
== Méaracht ==
=== Méaraí ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"
|-
!Ó
!A
! scope="col" style="width:200px;"| Ainm
! colspan="2" scope="col" width="150" | Páirtí
|-
|2015
|2016
|Thomas Beckett
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|2016
|2017
|Brian Bloomfield
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|2017
|2018
|Tim Morrow
| style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|2018
|2019
|Uel Mackin
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|2019
|2020
|Alan Givan
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|2020
|2021
|Nicholas Trimble
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|2021
|2022
|Stephen Martin
| style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|2022
|2023
|Scott Carson
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|2023
|2024
|Andrew Gowan
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" | || [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|2024
|2025
|Kurtis Dickson
| style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|2025
|Inniu
|Amanda Grehan
| style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|}
=== Leas mhéaraí===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"
|-
!Ó
!A
! scope="col" style="width:200px;"| Ainm
! colspan="2" scope="col" width="150" | Páirtí
|-
|2015
|2016
|Alexander Redpath
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|2016
|2017
|Stephen Martin
| style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|2017
|2018
|Hazel Legge
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|2018
|2019
|Amanda Grehan
| style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|2019
|2020
|Johnny McCarthy
| style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" | || [[PSDLO]]
|-
|2020
|2021
|Jenny Palmer
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|2021
|2022
|Tim Mitchell
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|2022
|2023
|Michelle Guy
| style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|2023
|2024
|Gary McCleave
| style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]]
|-
|2024
|2025
|Ryan Carlin
| style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" | || [[Sinn Féin]]
|-
|2025
|inniu
|Hazel Legge
| style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" | || [[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|}
== Comhairleoirí==
Chun críche toghcháin tá an chomhairle roinnte i seacht Limistéar Toghcheantar (LTC):<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.deac-ni.org/index/current-review-of-district-electoral-areas/final_ni_overview__300dpi_a1_.pdf |teideal=Cóip cartlainne |dátarochtana=2018-01-29 |archivedate=2015-09-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929020745/http://www.deac-ni.org/index/current-review-of-district-electoral-areas/final_ni_overview__300dpi_a1_.pdf }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"
!Limistéar
!Suíocháin
|-
|An Caisleán Riabhach Thoir
|6
|-
|An Caisleán Riabhach Theas
|7
|-
|Downshire Thoir
|5
|-
| Downshire Thiar
|5
|-
|Coill Ultaigh
|5
|-
|Lios na gCearrbhach Thuaidh
|6
|-
|Lios na gCearrbhach Theas
|6
|}
===Láidreacht na bPáirtithe===
[[File:LisburnAndCastlereagh2023.svg|250px]]
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 10px;"
! colspan="2" |Páirtí
!Tofa <br/>2014
!Tofa <br/>2019
!Tofa <br/>2023
|-
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|align="right"|20
|align="right"|15
|align="right"|14
|-
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|align="right"|7
|align="right"|9
|align="right"|13
|-
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|align="right"|8
|align="right"|11
|align="right"|6
|-
! style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" |
|[[Sinn Féin]]
|align="right"|0
|align="right"|2
|align="right"|4
|-
! style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre|PSDLO]]
|align="right"|3
|align="right"|2
|align="right"|2
|-
! style="background:{{Comhaontas Glas/meta/color}};" |
|[[Comhaontas Glas|Comhaontas Glas (TÉ)]]
|align="right"|0
|align="right"|1
|align="right"|0
|-
! style="background:{{Glór Traidisiúnta na nAontachtaithe/meta/color}};"|
| [[Glór Traidisiúnta Aontachtach|GTA]]
|align="right"|1
|align="right"|0
|align="right"|0
|-
! style="background:{{NI21/meta/color}};"|
| [[NI21]]
|align="right"|1
|align="right"|0
|align="right"|0
|-
! style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}};" |
|Neamhspleách
|align="right"|0
|align="right"|0
|align="right"|1
|-
|}
=== Comhairleoirí de réir toghlimistéar===
[[File:Lisburn_and_Castlereagh_City_Council_Election_2023.svg|400px]]
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 10px;"
! colspan="4" | Comhairleoirí tar éis [[Toghcháin Áitiúla Thuaisceart Éireann 2023]]
|-
! Toghlimistéar
! Ainm
! colspan="2" |Páirtí
|-
|rowspan="6" align="left"|An Caisleán Riabhach Thoir
|align="right"|Sharon Skillen
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Martin Gregg
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Samantha Burns
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Sharon Lowry
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|John Laverty
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Hazel Legge
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|rowspan="7" align="left"|An Caisleán Riabhach Theas
|align="right"| Jamie Harpur †
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Brian Higginson
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"| Nancy Eaton
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|John Gallen
! style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre|PSDLO]]
|-
|align="right"|Ryan Carlin
! style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" |
| [[Sinn Féin]]
|-
|align="right"| Martin McKeever
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Daniel Bassett
! style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" |
| [[Sinn Féin]]
|-
|rowspan="5" align="left"|Downshire Thoir
|align="right"|Andrew Gowan
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Uel Mackin
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"| Aaron McIntyre
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"| Kurtis Dickson
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|James Baird
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|rowspan="5" align="left"|Downshire Thiar
|align="right"| Owen Gawith
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Gretta Thompson
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Alan Martin
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|align="right"|Allan Ewart
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Caleb McCready
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|rowspan="5" align="left"|Coill Ultaigh
|align="right"| Gary McCleave
! style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" |
| [[Sinn Féin]]
|-
|align="right"|Claire Kemp
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Thomas Beckett
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|James Tinsely
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Ross McLernon
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|rowspan="6" align="left"|Lios na gCearrbhach Thuaidh
|align="right"| Declan Lynch †
! style="background:{{Sinn Féin/meta/color}};" |
| [[Sinn Féin]]
|-
|align="right"|[[Jonathan Craig]]
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Nicola Parker
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Pat Catney
! style="background:{{Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre|PSDLO]]
|-
|align="right"|Nicholas Trimble
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Aontachtach Uladh|PAU]]
|-
|align="right"|Gary Hynds
! style="background:{{Neamhspleách/meta/color}}" |
| Neamhspleách
|-
|rowspan="6" align="left"|Lios na gCearrbhach Theas
|align="right"|Andrew Ewing
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Amanda Grehan
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Alan Givan
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Jessica Bamford †
! style="background:{{Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann/meta/color}};" |
|[[Páirtí Comhghuaillíochta Thuaisceart Éireann|Comhaontas]]
|-
|align="right"|Tim Mitchell
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|align="right"|Paul Porter
! style="background:{{Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach/meta/color}};" |
| [[An Páirtí Aontachtach Daonlathach|PAD]]
|-
|}
<small> † comhairleoir comhthofa </small>
==Daonra==
Clúdaonn limistéar na Comhairle nua daonra de 134,841 áitritheoirí dar le Daonáireamh Thuaisceart Éireann, sa bhliain 2011 .<ref>{{cite web|teideal=NI Census 2011 - Key Statistics Summary Report, September 2014|url=http://www.nisra.gov.uk/archive/census/2011/results/key-statistics/summary-report.pdf|website=NI Statistics and Research Agency|accessdate=28 September 2014|dátarochtana=15 Aibreán 2024|archivedate=15 Nollaig 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215081312/http://www.nisra.gov.uk/archive/census/2011/results/key-statistics/summary-report.pdf}}</ref>
==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}
{{Rialtas Áitiúil i dTuaisceart Éireann}}
[[Catagóir:Polaitíocht Thuaisceart Éireann]]
scz0vo4fe9n6o9y3dqop0d3trbon4jv
Catagóir:Fealsúna Éigipteacha
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{{Catcómhaoin|Philosophers from Egypt|Fealsúna Éigipteacha}}
[[Catagóir:Fealsúna de réir náisiúntachta|Eig]]
[[Catagóir:Cultúr na hÉigipte]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Éigipteacha de réir slí bheatha|Fea]]
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Liagchiorcal an Droma Bhig
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Is [[liagchiorcal]] é '''Liagchiorcal an Droma Bhig''' atá suite 2.4 km (1.5 mhíle) soir ó [[Cuan Dor]], [[Contae Chorcaí]], [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]].{{Sfn|Weir|1980}}{{Sfn|Weir|2008}}<ref name='Logainm'>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1418380|title=Liagchiorcal an Droma Bhig/Drombeg Stone Circle {{!}} logainm.ie|publisher=[[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]]|access-date=2024-11-30|language=ga|work=[[Logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (Logainm.ie)}}</ref>
Cé nach sampla suntasach é, tá an Droma Bhig ar cheann de na suíomhanna meigiliteacha is mó a dtugtar cuairt air in Éirinn, agus tá sé cosanta faoi [[Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann|Acht na Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta]].{{Sfn|Noonan|2001}} Tochlaíodh é i 1958, nuair a thángthas ar iarsmaí créamtha ógánaigh i bpota i lár an chiorcail.{{Sfn|Noonan|2001}}
== Gnéithe ==
[[Íomhá:Drombeg_Stone_Circle_West.jpg|clé|mion| Suíomh ag an Droma Bhig]]
Ba é a bhí sa [[liagchiorcal]] ar dtús ná seacht gcloch déag a bhfuil spásáil eatarthu agus tá 13 díobh ann fós. Tá na clocha déanta as gaineamhchloch áitiúil.{{Sfn|Newland|2003}} Ta an chiorcal 9.3 m (31 tr) ar trastomhas. Mar liagchiorcal aiseach nó "Corcaigh-Ciarraí", tá dhá chloch iontrála níos airde suite os comhair cloch aiseach chuimsithigh. Tá a ais dírithe siar ó dheas i dtreo na gréine.{{Sfn|Noonan|2001}}
Is í an chloch is faide siar (1.9m ar fad) an dronuilleog fhada agus tá dhá mharc cupáin ubhchruthacha uirthi, ceann amháin le fáinne timpeall uirthi. {{Sfn|Weir|1980}} Liagchiorcal aiseach, ar a dtugtar liagchiorcal “cineál Corcaigh-Ciarraí” freisin, tá péire de chlocha tairsí aiseacha 1.8m ar airde ar gach taobh dó, a mharcálann an bealach isteach chuig an gciorcal cloiche, agus a aghaidh ar an gcloch altóir luí seoil.{{Sfn|Newland|2003}} Cruthaíonn an socrú seo ais thiar theas, agus treoraíonn sé an séadchomhartha i dtreo na gréine ag dul i rith [[Grianstad|ghrianstad]] an gheimhridh.<ref name="SP">{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.stonepages.com/ireland/drombeg.html|title=Drombeg stone circle, Co Cork|publisher=Stonepages.com|access-date=6 January 2017}}</ref>{{Sfn|Fahy|1959}}{{Sfn|Noonan|2001}}
In aice leis an liagchiorcal, timpeall 40m siar, tá dhá bhoth cruinn réamhstairiúil le ballaí cloiche agus [[fulacht fiadh]].{{Sfn|Noonan|2001}} Tugann fianaise le fios go raibh an fulacht fiadh in úsáid go dtí timpeall an 5ú haois AD. Den dá bhothán, bhí díon adhmaid ar an gceann is mó agus cuaillí adhmaid mar thaca acu. Tá taisí d'ionad cócaireachta ar an taobh thoir den bhothán níos lú. Téann cabhsa ó na botháin go dtí an fulacht fiadh, a bhfuil teallach, tobar agus umar uisce ann.{{Sfn|Weir|1980}}
== Tochailtí ==
Tar éis roinnt suirbhéanna go luath sna 1900idí,{{Sfn|Keogh|2017}} rinneadh an suíomh a thochailt agus a athchóiriú i 1957.{{Sfn|Fahy|1959}} Tugann [[Dátú radacarbóin|dhátú radacarbóin]] ar shamplaí a tógadh ón suíomh le fios go raibh sé gníomhach c. 1100–800 R.Ch. I bpota inbhéartaithe, a fuarthas i lár an chiorcail, bhí iarsmaí créamtha ógánach óg fillte le héadach tiubh. Fuarthas an pota cóngarach do lár an chiorcail agus thángthas air taobh le sligí briste agus cnuasach scuabtha ó breocharn.<ref name="SP"/>
== Gailearaí ==
<gallery mode="packed">
Íomhá:Drombeg_Stone_Circle_Portal.jpg|alt=Portal stones| Clocha tairseach
Íomhá:Drombeg_Stone_Circle_East.jpg|alt=Slabs on the west side| Leaca ar an taobh thiar
Íomhá:Drombeg_Stone_Circle_Fireplace.jpg|alt=Cooking place| Áit chócaireachta
Íomhá:Drombeg_dwelling_remains.jpg|alt=Dwelling remains| Fanann teaghais
</gallery>
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [http://www.megalithicireland.com/Drombeg.htm Megalithic Ireland - Photographs of Drombeg]
* [http://www.megalithomania.com/show/image/6777 Megalithomania - Site plan and photographs of Drombeg]
[[Catagóir:Comhordanáidí ar Wikidata]]
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta i gContae Chorcaí]]
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Liagchiorcail]]
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Cathair Mhac Laoighaire
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Is [[lios]] agus [[Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann|Séadchomhartha Náisiúnta]] atá suite i [[Contae Chorcaí|gContae Chorcaí]], [[Éire]] é '''Cathair Mhac Laoighaire'''.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://wishiwasinireland.blogspot.ie/2013/03/cahervagliar-ring-fort-cappean-west-co.html|title=Wish I Was In Ireland|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2rwRDAAAQBAJ&q=Cahervagliair&pg=PA1068|title=A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland|first=Theodore William|author=Moody|date=1 January 1976|publisher=Oxford University Press|via=Google Books|isbn=9780198217374}}</ref>
== Suíomh ==
Tá Cathair Mhac Laoighaire suite 5.3 km (3.3 mhíle) soir ó dheas ó [[Cill Mhichíl (Corcaigh)|Chill Mhichíl]].<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/buildingsandmonumentsofireland/8747563250/|title=Cappeen Cahervagliar Ringfort, Co. Cork (2)|date=31 January 2008|publisher=}}</ref>
== Stair agus cur síos ==
Is [[lios]] démhúrach, le trastomhas 73 m (240 tr) é Cathair Mhac Laoighaire le bealach isteach cloiche lindéir ar an taobh thoir.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|jstor=30001683|title=The Stone-Built Ringfort Entrance at Cahirvagliair, Cappeen, Co. Cork|journal=The Journal of Irish Archaeology|volume=4|pages=37–54|author=Manning|first=Conleth|year=1987}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://maps.osi.ie/publicviewer/#V2,548321,601472,11,9|title=Shop.osi.ie Mapviewer|access-date=2017-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829114800/http://maps.osi.ie/publicviewer/#V2,548321,601472,11,9|archive-date=2012-08-29}}</ref> Ba é an príomh dún de chuid [[Laoghaire mac Néill|Cenél Lóegaire]], ríthe i lár Éireann. Níor thóg siad an dún, áfach, mar níor tháinig siad go dtí tar éis 1172.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://eachros.net/uibh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=75&Itemid=317#!PICT0198|title=Cahervagliar and Kinneigh|publisher=Uibh Laoire Parish|access-date=25 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226131436/http://eachros.net/uibh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=75&Itemid=317#!PICT0198|archive-date=26 February 2017}}</ref>
Tógadh ráthanna den chineál seo den chuid is mó c. AD 550–900. Go hinmheánach bhí daoine lonnaithe i botháin adhmaid. Maíonn seanchas na háite go raibh [[Brian Bóramha|Brian Ború]] ina ghiall anseo tráth.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Arts-Culture-Heritage/cahervagliar-fort/49734|title=Cahervagliar Fort - Attractions - Museums and Attractions - All Ireland - Republic of Ireland - Cork - Coppeen - Discover Ireland|author=Tibus|first=Website design and development by|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nc0xAQAAIAAJ&q=Cahervagliair|title=National Ancient Monuments Year Book|author=Swarbrick|first=John|date=1 January 1927|publisher=Wykeham Press}}</ref>
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Comhordanáidí ar Wikidata]]
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta i gContae Chorcaí]]
hxos83lvekcn4jmwu5bhz7jxn4ntwkl
Carn Tigernac
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Is [[lios]] agus [[Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann|Séadchomhartha Náisiúnta]] é '''Carn Tigernac''' atá suite i [[Contae Chorcaí|gContae Chorcaí]], [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]].<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-cork.pdf|title=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship (County Cork)|date=2009-03-04|work=National Monuments Service}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OyYVAAAAIAAJ&q=CarnTierna|title=Educational Foundations|date=1 January 1911|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SAgEAAAAIAAJ&q=CarnTierna|title=The Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society: Series A|date=1 January 1966|publisher=The Society.}}</ref>
== Suíomh ==
Tá Carn Tigernac suite ar bharr Chnoc an Charn i [[Sliabh an Nóglaigh]],<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fsVQAAAAYAAJ&q=CarnTierna&pg=RA1-PA16|title=Explanation to Accompany Sheets 1-|author=Survey|first=Ireland Geological|date=1 January 1861|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office}}</ref> 2.4 km (1.5 mhíle) ó dheas ó [[Mainistir Fhear Maí|Mhainistir Fhear Maí]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Sutton|first=Bruce|date=June 2010|title=Archaeological Excavation Report 04E1014 - Fermoy Wood, Co. Cork|url=http://eachtra.ie/new_site/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/04E1014FermoyWood-N8%20RF.pdf|journal=Eachtra Journal|issue=6|issn=2009-2237}}</ref>
== Stair agus cur síos.... ==
Tógadh Carn Tigernac idir 500 R.Ch. agus AD 500, le linn [[An Iarannaois|Iarannaois]] na hÉireann; tá sé ar cheann de thrí "dún chnoic" i dtuaisceart Chorcaí. Ainmnítear an chairn i ndiaidh Tigernac Tetbannach, de réir finscéalta, [[Ríthe na Mumhan|Rí Mumhan]] in aimsir [[Conchúr mac Neasa|Chonchobar mac Nessa]].<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OowJAAAAIAAJ&q=CarnTierna&pg=PA322|title=The Origin and History of Irish Names of Places|author=Joyce|first=Patrick Weston|date=1 January 1871|publisher=McGlashan & Gill}}</ref>
Tá carn mór ar bharr an chnoic, áit adhlactha an rí, is dócha.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NF1ZAAAAcAAJ&q=CarnTierna&pg=PA24|title=Irish Local Names explained|author=Joyce|first=Patrick Weston|date=1 January 1870|publisher=}}</ref>
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Comhordanáidí ar Wikidata]]
[[Catagóir:Ailt le téacs sa Ghaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta i gContae Chorcaí]]
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]]
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Caisleán Chonaithe
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Is [[Caisleáin na hÉireann, 1350 - 1650|túrtheach]] ón 16ú haois é '''Caisleán Chonaithe'''<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.logainm.ie/en/1403385|title=Caisleán Chonaithe/Conna Castle|language=en|work=logainm.ie|access-date=2022-07-02}}</ref> atá suite in aice le [[Conaithe]] i [[Contae Chorcaí|gContae Chorcaí]], [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]].
== Stair ==
=== 16ú haois ===
Tá Caisleán Conaithe suite i [[Contae Chorcaí|gContae Chorcaí]] ar an [[An Bhríd|Bhríde]], craobh-abhainn den [[An Abhainn Mhór|Abhainn Mhór]], timpeall sé mhíle siar ó [[Tulach an Iarainn]], [[Contae Phort Láirge]]. Tógadh é ar thalamh ar le [[Iarla Dheasumhan|Iarlaí Deasmhumhan]] é, rud a fuair siad sna 1460idí.{{Sfn|Hallinan|2017}} Do deonadh an talamh do Thomás {{Lang|ga|Ruadh}} fitz Séamas Mac Gearailt, mac neamhdhlisteanach le [[Séamus Mac Seáin Mac Gearailt, 13ú Iarla Dheasumhan|Séamas Mac Gearailt, an 13ú Iarla Deasmhumhan]]. Cé gur dealraitheach gur tógadh é sa 14ú nó sa 15ú haois,{{Sfn|Coleman|1915a}} i ndáiríre ba é Tomás {{Lang|ga|Ruadh}} a thóg é i lár an séú haois déag, idir 1560 agus 1561 is dócha.{{Sfn|Ó Murchadha|2011}} James FitzThomas fitzGerald, ar a dtugtaí an ''{{Lang|ga|Súgán}}'' Iarla, an duine deiridh de sna Gearailt do chomhnuigh i gCaisleán Conaithe.{{Sfn|Hallinan|2017}} Ghlac James FitzThomas ról ceannasach i [[Cogadh na Naoi mBliana (1688–1697)|gCogadh na Naoi mBliana]], sular gabhadh é agus cuireadh i bpríosún é i [[Túr Londan|dTúr Londan]], rud a chuir deireadh le réimeas Iarlaí Deasmhumhain.{{Sfn|Hallinan|2017}}
=== 17ú haois ===
Gabhadh an caisleán ag [[James Tuchet, 3ú Iarla Ghleann Bearcháin|James Tuchet, an 3ú Iarla ar Chaisleán an Chaisleáin]] sa bhliain 1645.{{Sfn|Coleman|1915a}} Sa bhliain 1653, dódh an caisleán i dtine thimpiste.{{Sfn|Hallinan|2017}}
=== 19ú haois ===
Tháinig an caisleán faoi chúram an stáit sa 19ú haois.{{Sfn|Hallinan|2017}} Ba é a bhronnadh ar Bhord Rialtais Áitiúil na hÉireann ó Alfred GK L'Estrange an chéad tiomnacht dá leithéid i stair an stáit.{{Sfn|Coleman|1915b}}
=== 20ú haois - inniu ===
I rith na 1980í agus na 1990idí, baineadh úsáid as Caisleán Chonaithe mar ionad ceolchoirme amuigh faoin aer. Dhún [[Oifig na nOibreacha Poiblí]] an caisleán don phobal in 2015 chun oibreacha athchóirithe a dhéanamh, agus tá sé dúnta fós ó Mhárta 2022. Tá polaiteoirí áitiúla tar éis labhairt amach in aghaidh fad a bhfuil sé dúnta.{{Sfn|O’Riordan|2022}}
== Ailtireacht ==
Is caisleán de stíl teach túir é caisleán Chonaithe.{{Sfn|Hallinan|2017}} Tá sé cúig stór ar airde, agus slán den chuid is mó. Ar an taobh thiar thuaidh den chaisleán tá iarsmaí túr cúinne agus [[bábhún]].{{Sfn|Keohane|2020}}
== Tuilleadh léitheoireachta ==
* {{Luaigh foilseachán|date=21 February 1835|title=Conna Castle, County of Cork|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30002994|journal=The Dublin Penny Journal|volume=3|issue=138|pages=268-269}}
== Tagairtí ==
[[Catagóir:Comhordanáidí ar Wikidata]]
[[Catagóir:Ailt le téacs sa Ghaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta i gContae Chorcaí]]
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Caisleáin na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Caisleáin i gContae Corcaigh]]
92wpc6j56g9x5kj9gddcl6m3y5j8k5g
Liagchiorcal Charraig an Phúca
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Is [[liagchiorcal]] agus [[Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann|Séadchomhartha Náisiúnta]] é '''Liagchiorcal Charraig an Phúca''' atá suite i [[Contae Chorcaí|gContae Chorcaí]], [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]].<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=746|title=Carrigaphooca|work=megalithic.co.uk|publisher=The Megalithic Portal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book-en|url=https://archive.org/details/guidetostonecirc0000burl|quote=Carrigaphooca Stone Circle.|title=A Guide to the Stone Circles of Britain, Ireland and Brittany|first=Aubrey|author=Burl|date=13 July 1995|publisher=Yale University Press|via=Internet Archive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PbNgQgAACAAJ&q=%22Carrigaphooca+Stone+Circle%22|title=The Modern Antiquarian: A Pre-millennial Odyssey Through Megalithic Britain : Including a Gazetteer to Over 300 Prehistoric Sites|first=Julian|author=Cope|date=13 July 1998|publisher=Thorsons|isbn=9780722535998|via=Google Books}}</ref> Tá sé suite 4.4 km (2.7 mhíle) siar ó [[Maigh Chromtha]], díreach soir ó [[Caisleán Charraig an Phúca|Chaisleán Charraig an Phúca]], lastuaidh den [[N22]], agus in aice le cumar an [[An Sulán|tSuláin]] agus an Fhothrais.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.megalithicmonumentsofireland.com/COUNTIES/CORK/Carrigaphooca_StoneCircle.html|title=Carrigaphooca Stone Circle / Megalithic Monuments Of Ireland|author=Powell|first=Pip|work=megalithicmonumentsofireland.com}}</ref>
Cúig chloch a bhí ann: ceathrar ina seasamh agus ceann claonta,<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Rude Stone Monuments of the Northern Portion of Cork County|first=J. P.|author=Conlon|journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland|volume=7|issue=2|date=December 1917|publisher=Society of Antiquaries|jstor=25549748}}</ref> ach níl fágtha anois ach trí cinn.<ref name="Nualláin1984a">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=A Survey of Stone Circles in Cork and Kerry|first=Seán|author=Ó Nualláin|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature|volume=84C|date=1984|jstor=25506112}}</ref> Bhí trastomhas an chiorcail thart ar 5.5 m (18 tr).<ref>{{Cite book-en|title=Archaeological Inventory of County Cork: West Cork|date=13 July 1992|publisher=Government Stationery Office|location=Dublin|isbn=9780707601755}}</ref><ref name="Nualláin1984a" />
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Meigiliteach na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Comhordanáidí ar Wikidata]]
[[Catagóir:Ailt le téacs sa Ghaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta i gContae Chorcaí]]
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Liagchiorcail]]
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Lios Ard Bláiche
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Foirgneamh}}
Is [[lios]] agus [[Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann|Séadchomhartha Náisiúnta]] é '''Lios Ard Bláiche''' atá suite i g[[Contae Chorcaí]], [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]].<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/parliament/media/committees/pac/correspondence/2014-meeting1180603/[PAC-R-1288]-Correspondence-3A.4-OPW-Appendix-4B.pdf|title=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship|date=25 February 2010|publisher=[[National Monuments Service]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017075101/https://www.oireachtas.ie/parliament/media/committees/pac/correspondence/2014-meeting1180603/[PAC-R-1288]-Correspondence-3A.4-OPW-Appendix-4B.pdf|archive-date=17 October 2015}}</ref>
== Suíomh ==
Tá Lios Ard Bláiche suite 1 km siar ó dheas ó [[Baile Cloch|Bhaile Cloch]].
== Stair agus cur síos ==
Is [[lios]] ciorclach é Lios Ard Bláiche, 60 m (200 tr) ar trastomhas le bealach isteach sa chúinne thoir thuaidh.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://maps.osi.ie/publicviewer/#V2,548321,601472,11,9|title=25-inch OS map|access-date=2017-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829114800/http://maps.osi.ie/publicviewer/#V2,548321,601472,11,9|archive-date=2012-08-29}}</ref> Tógadh liosanna den chineál seo den chuid is mó c. AD 550–900. Go hinmheánach bhí daoine lonnaithe i botháin adhmaid. Tá dún eile suite díreach soir ó thuaidh; d'fhéadfadh sé seo a bheith ina imfhálú beostoic.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.heritagecouncil.ie/unpublished_excavations/section13.html|title=Unpublished Excavations: RINGFORTS|publisher=}}</ref>
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Comhordanáidí ar Wikidata]]
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta i gContae Chorcaí]]
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]]
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[[Catagóir:Síceolaithe de réir náisiúntachta|Éir]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Éireannacha de réir slí bheatha|Síc]]
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[[Catagóir:Bithcheimiceoirí de réir náisiúntachta|Eil]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Eilvéiseacha de réir slí bheatha|Bith]]
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Foirgneamh}}
Eaglais mheánaoiseach agus [[Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann|Séadchomhartha Náisiúnta]] i g[[Contae Laoise]], Éire is ea '''Eaglais an Fhosaidh'''.
== Suíomh ==
Tá Eaglais an Fhosaidh suite timpeall 800 m (870 slat) soir ó dheas ó [[Tigh Mochua]], i reilig le ballaí.
== Stair ==
Ceaptar go mbaineann an eaglais leus an 16ú haois. Athmhúnlaíodh an séipéal sa bhliain 1608. Rinneadh roinnt deisiúcháin i 1903.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://irelandinruins.blogspot.ie/2014/03/old-fossy-church-co-laois.html|title=Ireland In Ruins: Old Fossy Church Co Laois|work=Irelandruins.blogspot.ie|access-date=30 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zRlmCgAAQBAJ|title=Laois Folk Tales|author=Hayes|first=Nuala|date=3 August 2015|publisher=History Press}}</ref>
== Eaglais ==
Tá cruth dronuilleogach ar an séipéal le ballaí agus [[Binn (ailtireacht)|beanna]] ina seasamh, le hoscailtí dorais agus fuinneoige, tógtha as spallaí, le batair beag. Tá [[Linn ionnalta|piscina]] suite sa chúinne thoir theas.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://historicgraves.com/graveyard/fossy-lower/la-fslw|title=Fossy Lower graveyard, Laois, Ireland - The on-line graves and graveyards finder|work=Historicgraves.com|access-date=30 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.eirgridlaoiskilkenny.ie/media/pdf/Laois%20-%20Kilkenny%20Reinforcement%20Project%20Further%20Information/Laois%20-%20Kilkenny%20EIS/7%20Cultural%20Heritage.pdf|title=Environmental Impact Statement for Laois-Kilkenny Reinforcement Project : AOS Planning Page 218 Cultural Heritage : Introduction|format=PDF|work=Eirgridlaoiskilkenny.ie|access-date=30 October 2018}}</ref>
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Síol-tír-ie}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fosaidh}}
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí náisiúnta i gContae Laoise]]
[[Catagóir:Comhordanáidí ar Wikidata]]
[[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Eaglais]]
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[[Catagóir:Eolaithe de réir náisiúntachta|Gear]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine Gearmánacha de réir slí bheatha|Eol]]
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'''John Brabazon (1827 – 1914) agus a Mhuintir'''
Rugadh John Brabazon i gcomharsanacht an Mhuilinn Chearr i gCo. na hIarmhí sa bhliain 1828. Ba iad Thomas Grattan Brabazon agus Ann Ferguson, a thuismitheoirí. Deichniúr a bhí sa chlann: Eliza, Mary (?), Thomas, Jane, Ann, Robert, William, Andrew, Samuel, agus John. Protastúnaigh ab ea iad. Adhlacadh athair John i reilig na Ceapaí i Ráth Eoghain, Co. na hIarmhí. De réir cosúlachta bhí baint éigin acu leis an dúiche sin. Ní raibh Thomas ach thart ar dhá scór bliain d’aois nuair a fuair sé bás sa bhliain 1835. Tamall de bhlianta i ndiaidh a bháis, thug a bhaintreach, Ann, aghaidh ar Hartford i Stát Connecticut, áit ar éag sí i Meitheamh na bliana 1878. Faoin am sin bhí ceathrar mac agus iníon léi ina gcónaí sa bhaile sin. Chomh maith le sin, bhí beirt mhac de chuid John Brabazon féin ag cur fúthu sa stát céanna.
Deir Eduardo Coghlan ina aistriúchán Spáinnise de dialann gurbh í Eliza, a rugadh in Aibreán na blianta 1824, an t-aon duine den teaghlaigh a d’fhan in Éirinn. Dar leis, phós sí Thomas Canon, duine de mhuintir na háite
Deir John Brabazon ina dhialann gur phós sí Thomas Canon, duine de mhuintir na háite. Tá an ráiteas seo míchruinn, áfach. Tá craobh ghinealaigh na clainne foilsithe ar an idirlíon a mhaíonn gurbh é Canning sloinne pósta Eliza agus go bhfuair sí bás i Hartford i Stát Connecticut ar an 6ú lá de Mheitheamh 1913. Dar ndóigh, d’fhéadfadh go raibh sí fós in Éirinn nuair a bhí athleagan na dialainne á scríobh ag Brabazon ach ní dócha é. Bhí John beo fós sa bhliain 1914.
Tuairimítear go mb’fhéidir go ndeachaigh Mary go dtí an Spáinn de bhrí go raibh eitinn uirthi, aeráid níos fóirsteanaí do dhuine leis an ngalar úd. Tá sé thar a bheith spéisiúil, áfach, nach luaitear Mary sa chraobh ghinealaigh agus nach ndéantar tagairt ar bith di sa dialann. Is é is dóichí go bhfuair sí bás agus í fós an-óg.
D’imigh na siblíní eile ar imirce – cuid acu go dtí na Stáit Aontaithe agus an chuid eile go Buenos Aires. Go Hartford i Stát Connecticut a chuaigh Robert, William, Andrew agus Samuel. Tagtar ar leideanna anseo is ansiúd a thugann le tuiscint gur chaith an fear deiridh seo tamall san Airgintín cé nach ndéanann John Brabazon féin tagairt ar bith dó ina dhialann. Bhí fear leis an ainm Samuel Brabazon i mBuenos Aires sa bhliain 1857. Tá fianaise le fáil, áfach, go raibh Samuel, deartháir John, ag cur faoi i Hartford sa bliain 1860. Fuair sé bás ansin in Aibreán na bliana 1905.
Bhí Jane, Ann agus Thomas i mBuenos Aires sular bhain John an chathair sin amach i Mí na Nollag na blianta 1845. Phós Jane Henry Andrew Daniels, a rugadh in Folkestone in oirdheisceart Shasana, i Mí na Nollag 1844, nuair nach raibh sí ach naoi mbliana déag d’aois. Deir Brabazon ina dhialann go raibh Daniels ina chaptaen ar long de chuid Mhuintir Casares, soitheach a bhíodh ag trádáil leis an mBrasaíl. Fágadh dífhostaithe é le linn an Imshuí Angla-Fhrancaigh. Ní raibh Jane ach 29 bliain d’aois nuair a fuair sí bás sa bhliain 1854. D’fhág sí beirt pháistí óga ina diaidh – Thomas Daniels, a bhí seacht mbliana d’aois agus Elizabeth Jane Daniels, amach raibh ach ceithre bliana slánaithe. Bhí siad óg go fóill nuair a fuair a n-athair bás trí blianta déag ina dhiaidh sin. Is mór an t-iontas é nach ndéanann Brabazon tagairt ar bith ina dhialann do bhás Jane mar is léir óna chín lae go raibh caidreamh an-dlúth eatarthu. Ba mhinic é ar cuairt chuici. Déantar tagairt dí don uair dheiridh i Mí Feabhra 1852.
Chaith Thomas roinnt blianta i mBuenos Aires chomh maith ach ansin thug sé aghaidh ó thuaidh ar California le linn órthóraíocht na bliana 1849. Níor bhain sé ceann scríbe amach, áfach, go dtí 1850 de dheasca stoirmeacha farraige. Phós sé Mary Agnes Foley, cailín ó Cho. na hIarmhí, ansin. Seachtar clainne a bhí acu. Bhí stóras adhmaid ag Thomas i San Francisco ina bhfostaíodh sé lucht labhartha na Spáinnise. Ní foláir nó go raibh Spáinnis sách maith aige féin mar d’fhostaítí mar fhear teanga é sna cúirteanna sa chathair sin ó am go chéile. Bhí sé féin os comhair na cúirte i gCathair Tulare mar chosantóir i gcúis shibhialta i Mí Mheán Fómhair agus arís i Mí Dheireadh Fómhair na bliana 1900. Ba é P. P. Chamberlin an gearánaí. Tá sé thar a bheith spéisiúil gur bhaist sé na hainmneacha seo leanas ar a chlann mhac – Thomas Grattan Brabazon, Henry Emmett Brabazon, William Wolfton (Wolfe Tone ?)Brabazon, agus Annie Edgeworth Brabazon. Fuair Thomas féin bás i gCathair Tulare i gCalifornia sa bhliain 1905 agus é thart ar cheithre scór bliain d’aois.
Phós Ann Brabazon Henry Gould ó Plymouth Shasana san Airgintín sa bhliain 1851. Seisear clainne a bhí acu – James, Anne, Jane, Thomas, William agus Henry. Bhí stóras ginearálta ag Gould i gcomhpháirt le James Sheridan ar estancia Los Galpones Grandes. Is léir ón dialann nár thaitin Gould le John.
Thit John Brabazon féin i ngrá le Honor MacDonnell agus pósadh iad an bhliain chéanna (1951) i bParóiste San Ignacio san ardchathair cé go ndeir an t-údar féin gur pósadh iad i dteach James MacDonnell. Ba é tAthair Antaine Ó Fathaigh, séiplíneach na nÉireannach, a chuir faoi chuing an phósta iad. Tuairimítear gur iompaigh Brabazon ina Chaitliceach chun go bhféadfadh sé a ghrá geal a phósadh. Ceathrar páistí a bhí acu –Tomás (1853), Anne (1854 i San Vicente), John (1857), agus María (1858 i Chascomús). Faraor, dúnmharaíodh Honor agus í fós ina máthair óg sa bhliain 1859, gan í ach cúig bliana fichid d’aois. Mar atá ráite cheana, bhí Thomás agus John, beirt mhac de chuid John Brabazon agus Honor MacDonnell ag cur fúthu i Stát Connecticut sa bhliain 1870. Tá a fhios again, gur phós Ann fear darbh ainm Tomás Muñoz. Phós John Brabazon féin athuair. Ba í Mary Wallace ó Cho. na hIarmhí an dara bean a bhí aige. Fuair sise bás i Ranchos sa bhliain 1897, seacht mbliana déag sular éag Brabazon féin.
Is deacair a dhéanamh amach cathain a cuireadh an dlaoi mhullaigh ar an lámhscríbhinn bhunaidh na dialainne. Tá sé soiléir gur choinnigh John Brabazon cín lae de chineál éigin ar feadh scór bliain ar a laghad ach tá gach cuma ar an scéal go ndearna sé athscríobh agus eagarthóireacht uirthi ag pointe éigin ina shaol. Dá thoradh sin, is meascán de dhialann, de chuimhní cinn, de stair agus de staróga atá sa lámhscríbhinn. Ní nochtann sé a chuid mothúchán mórán inti, fiú nuair a tharlaíonn tubaistí uafásacha ar nós dhúnmharú tragóideach Anne MacDonnell, a dheirfiúr chéile, agus féinmharú a fir chéile, Patrick Whelan, os comhair a bhotháin amach san aon oíche amháin. Ní dhéanann sé tagairt ar bith do bhás a dheirféar, Jane Daniels, agus í fós ina bean óg in ainneoin go raibh siad an-dlúth Lena chéile. B’fhéidir go raibh tréimhse fhada ama imithe idir na tarlúintí úd agus athscríobh na dialainne. D’fhéadfadh go raibh sé ina sheanfhear liath nuair a thóg sé a chín lae as taisceadán deannachúil éigin chun ord agus eagar a chur uirthi le haghaidh na nglúnta a thiocfadh ina dhiaidh. Faoin am sin bhí críonnacht agus gaois na mblianta aige. Bhí taithí aige ar chora crua an tsaoil agus bhí glactha aige leis an saol mar a bhí. Faon am sin, bheadh na braistintí agus na mothúcháin suaimhnithe go mór agus crá croí na luathbhlianta ligthe i ndearmad.
Tréimhse chorrach staire ab ea blianta na dialainne. Bhí an deachtóir cruálach, míthrócaireach Juan Manuel de Rosas ag rialú i mBuenos Aires agus níos déanaí ar an tír go léir. Rialtóir ollsmachtach ab ea é, a bhain feidhm as sceimhlitheoireacht stáit chun an pobal a choinneáil faoi smacht. Nuair a chuir Rosas cosc le trádáil eachtrach ar na haibhneacha intíre, chuir an Bhreatain agus an Fhrainc imshuí ar inbhear Río de la Plata. Dar ndóigh, bhí drochthionchar ag an Imshuí Angla-Fhrancach (1845-1848) ar eacnamaíocht na cathrach agus na gceantar tuaithe máguaird. Déanann Brabazon tagairt ina dhialann do na fir óga agus na mairnéalaigh a fágadh dífhostaithe ag gabháil thart sna ceantair tuaithe ag lorg oibre. Ruaigeadh Rosas as oifig i Mí Feabhra 1852 agus tháinig Justo José de Urquiza i gcumhacht. Níor ghlac muintir na hardchathrach ná pobal Phroibhinse Buenos Aires le hUrquiza agus lean tréimhse fhada chogaíocht eadrannaí, an chathair á cur faoi léigear agus tréigtheoirí ón arm ag cur scéine i bpobal na machairí. Thugann Brabazon cuntas ar eachtraí scanrúla a tharla dó a chuir eagla a anama air. Cuireadh deireadh leis an gcogadh cathartha ag Cath Cepeda sa bhliain 1860 nuair a bhuaigh Bartolomé Mitre, fear a raibh fuil Éireannach ina fhéitheacha, ar Urquiza. Toghadh Mitre ina Uachtarán ar Phoblacht na hAirgintíne aontaithe i Mí Dheireadh Fómhair 1862 agus tháinig cúrsaí polaitíochta chun suaimhnis sa chathair agus sa phroibhinse.
Is deacair gan gean a thabhairt do Bhrabazon agus duine ag léamh athleagan na dialainne toisc an t-ionracas agus an mhacántacht atá le sonrú ann. I rith na mblianta tosaigh a chaith sé i mBuenos Aires d’éirigh sé tuirseach de thógáil chaorach agus thaistil sé féin, a dheartháir Thomas, agus cairde leo ar fud dheisceart na proibhinse ag tochailt díog, ag tógáil ranchos, ag déanamh brící nó ag obair mar shiúinéirí. Saol fáin, neamhchinnte gan aon agó ach caithfear a rá nach raibh faitíos ar John roimh obair anróiteach throm. Chaith sé tamall gearr ag díol is ag ceannach táirgí na n-ainmhithe feirme ach d’fhill sé ar an bhfeirmeoireacht chaorach níos déanaí. Bhain sé triail as déiríocht ar feadh scaithimh cé nár éirigh go rómhaith leis. Chaith sé tréimhse gan rath i mbun siopa agus blianta ina bhainisteoir (mayordomo) ar estancia.
Toisc nach raibh ann ach déagóir nuair a tháinig sé i dtír i mBuenos Aires, thit sé i ngrá leis an tír nua. Ní thugtar faoi deara oiread na fríde de chumha i ndiaidh an bhaile ina dhialann. Ní léiríonn sé é féin mar imirceach. Bhí an-mheas aige ar na gnáthdhaoine agus bhain sé líofacht de chineál amach sa Spáinnis. Ghlac sé le nósanna agus le feisteas na ngauchos – chiripá, calzoncillos bordados agus botas de potro – agus d’fhreastail sé ar a gcuid fiestas. Faraor, bhí sé ró-mhacánta le bheith ina fhear gnó rathúil sa mhilieu cam, claonach ina raibh sé ag maireachtáil. Dá dheasca sin, chuaigh an saol go tubaisteach ina choinne agus breithníodh ina fhéimheach é. Cuireadh a raibh aige sa saol ar ceant agus fágadh beo bocht é le bean agus ceathrar páistí óga ag brath air sa bhliain 1859. Faraor, in olcas a rachadh cúrsaí.
Bhí ar a laghad triúr deirfiúracha ag Honor MacDonnell – Mary, a bhí trí bliana níos sinne ná í, Ellen a bhí pósta le Patrick Gardiner, agus Anne (26), bean chéile Patrick Whelan. I Mí Meán Fómhair 1859, bhuail taom gealtachta an fear deireanach seo agus mharaigh sé Anne le hurchar gunnáin sular chuir sé lámh ina bhás féin le sean-scian mheirgeach. Tharla an dá eachtra seo lasmuigh de bhothán John Brabazon. Ag tús Mhí na Nollag 1859, le linn do John féin a bheith as láthair ag lomadh caorach, dúnmharaíodh Honor agus Mary. Trí bhuille marfacha – triúr deirfiúracha básaithe go foréigneach laistigh de ráithe a chuirfeadh duine daonna ar bith ó rath.
Dá ainneoin sin is uile, sháraigh John Brabazon na bacanna ar fad. B’fhear gnaíúil, lách, macánta é. Ghnóthaigh sé cion agus meas na ndaoine thart air. Bhí sé de bhua aige cairdeas a dhéanamh go héasca le daoine. Bhí na cairde a rinne sé an-dílis dó agus sheas siad leis in am an ghátair. Is é is dóichí gurbh é Don Teodoro Serantes an cara ab fhearr a bhí aige. Ar an drochuair, áfach, scuab an tífeas an fear uasal seo agus a mhac Enrique leis i Meán Fómhair na bliana 1862.
Deir foinse amháin go raibh Brabazon ina Ghiúistís Síochána i Necochea i bhfíordheisceart na proibhinse sna 1890idí. Fuair sé bás i mBuenos Aires i mBealtaine na bliana 1914. Bhí sé bliana agus ceithre scór slánaithe aige. Is é is dóichí go mbeadh John Brabazon agus a chlann ligthe i ndearmad ach amháin gur fhág sé athleagan a dhialainne ina dhiaidh. Lámhscríbhinn í a thugann an-tuiscint dúinn ar na Gaeil nár éirigh go rómhaith leo san Airgintín. Is mór an trua go bhfuil 110 bliain imithe ó d’imigh John Brabazon uasal ar shlí na fírinne agus nach bhfuil leagan Gaeilge ná Béarla dá dhialann le fáil.
Tuilleadh eolais le fáill ó '''mdeboaghty@gmail.com'''
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'''John Brabazon (1827 – 1914) agus a Mhuintir'''
Cuimhnítear ar John Brabazon i ngeall ar dhialann nó cín lae a choinnigh së ar feadh beagnach scór bliain ó 1845 go dtí 1864. Tugann an saothar seo an-léargas dúinn ar ghnáthshaol laethúil na n-imirceach ó Éirinn ar phampaí Buenos Aires. Thug na mílte Éireannach aghaidh ar mhánna méithe féarmhara Phoibhínse Buenos Aires le linn agus i ndiaidh an Ghorta Mhóir, cuid mhaith acu ó Cho. na hIarmhí. Bhí John Brabazon ina measc agus é fós ina dhéagóir nuair a thuirling sé den long.
Rugadh John Brabazon i gcomharsanacht an Mhuilinn Chearr i gCo. na hIarmhí sa bhliain 1828. Ba iad Thomas Grattan Brabazon agus Ann Ferguson, a thuismitheoirí. Deichniúr a bhí sa chlann: Eliza, Mary (?), Thomas, Jane, Ann, Robert, William, Andrew, Samuel, agus John. Protastúnaigh ab ea iad. Adhlacadh athair John i reilig na Ceapaí i Ráth Eoghain, Co. na hIarmhí. De réir cosúlachta bhí baint éigin ag Muintir Bhrabazon leis an dúiche sin. Ní raibh Thomas ach thart ar dhá scór bliain d’aois nuair a fuair sé bás sa bhliain 1835. Tamall de bhlianta i ndiaidh a bháis, thug a bhaintreach, Ann, aghaidh ar Hartford i Stát Connecticut, áit ar éag sí i Meitheamh na bliana 1878. Faoin am sin bhí ceathrar mac agus iníon amháin léi ina gcónaí i Hartford. Chomh maith le sin, bhí beirt mhac de chuid John Brabazon féin ag cur fúthu sa stát céanna.
Deir Eduardo Coghlan ina aistriúchán Spáinnise de dhialann John Brabazon gurbh í Eliza, a rugadh in Aibreán na blianta 1824, an t-aon duine den teaghlach a d’fhan sa bhaile in Éirinn. Dar leis, phós sí Thomas Canon, duine de mhuintir na háite. Seans go ndearna sé míléamh ar a gcuid sin de lámhscríbhinn Bhrabazon. Tá an ráiteas seo míchruinn, áfach. Tá craobh ghinealaigh na clainne foilsithe ar an idirlíon a mhaíonn gurbh é Canning sloinne pósta Eliza agus go bhfuair sí bás i Hartford i Stát Connecticut ar an 6ú lá de Mheitheamh 1913. Dar ndóigh, d’fhéadfadh go raibh sí fós in Éirinn nuair a bhí athleagan na dialainne á scríobh ag Brabazon ach ní dócha é. Bhí John beo fós sa bhliain 1914.
Tuairimítear go mb’fhéidir go ndeachaigh Mary go dtí an Spáinn de bhrí go raibh eitinn uirthi, aeráid níos fóirsteanaí do dhuine leis an ngalar úd. Tá sé thar a bheith spéisiúil, áfach, nach luaitear Mary sa chraobh ghinealaigh agus nach ndéantar tagairt ar bith di sa dialann. Is é is dóichí go bhfuair sí bás agus í fós an-óg.
D’imigh na siblíní eile ar imirce – cuid acu go dtí na Stáit Aontaithe agus triúr ar a laghad go Buenos Aires. Go Hartford i Stát Connecticut a chuaigh Robert, William, Andrew agus Samuel. Tagtar ar leideanna anseo is ansiúd a thugann le tuiscint gur chaith an fear deiridh seo tamall san Airgintín cé nach ndéanann John Brabazon féin tagairt ar bith dó ina dhialann. Bhí fear darbh Samuel Brabazon i mBuenos Aires sa bhliain 1857. Tá fianaise le fáil, áfach, go raibh Samuel, deartháir John, ag cur faoi i Hartford sa bliain 1860. Fuair sé bás ansin in Aibreán na bliana 1905.
Bhí Jane, Ann agus Thomas i mBuenos Aires sular bhain John an chathair sin amach i Mí na Nollag na blianta 1845. Phós Jane Henry Andrew Daniels, a rugadh in Folkestone in oirdheisceart Shasana, i Mí na Nollag 1844, nuair nach raibh sí ach naoi mbliana déag d’aois. Deir Brabazon ina dhialann go raibh Daniels ina chaptaen ar long de chuid Mhuintir Casares, soitheach a bhíodh ag trádáil leis an mBrasaíl. Fágadh dífhostaithe é le linn an Imshuí Angla-Fhrancaigh. Ní raibh Jane ach 29 bliain d’aois nuair a fuair sí bás sa bhliain 1854. D’fhág sí beirt pháistí óga ina diaidh – Thomas Daniels, a bhí seacht mbliana d’aois agus Elizabeth Jane Daniels, nach raibh ach ceithre bliana slánaithe aici. Bhí siad óg go fóill nuair a fuair a n-athair bás trí blianta déag ina dhiaidh sin. Is mór an t-iontas é nach ndéanann Brabazon tagairt ar bith ina dhialann do bhás Jane mar is léir óna chín lae go raibh caidreamh an-dlúth eatarthu. Ba mhinic é ar cuairt chuici. Déantar tagairt dí don uair dheiridh i Mí Feabhra 1852.
Chaith Thomas roinnt blianta i mBuenos Aires ach ansin thug sé aghaidh ó thuaidh ar California le linn órthóraíocht na bliana 1849. Níor bhain sé ceann scríbe amach, áfach, go dtí 1850 de dheasca stoirmeacha farraige. Phós sé Mary Agnes Foley, cailín ó Cho. na hIarmhí, ansin. Seachtar clainne a bhí acu. Bhí stóras adhmaid ag Thomas i San Francisco ina bhfostaíodh sé lucht labhartha na Spáinnise. Ní foláir nó go raibh Spáinnis sách maith aige féin mar d’fhostaítí mar fhear teanga é sna cúirteanna sa chathair sin ó am go chéile. Bhí sé féin os comhair na cúirte i gCathair Tulare mar chosantóir i gcúis shibhialta i Mí Mheán Fómhair agus arís i Mí Dheireadh Fómhair na bliana 1900. Ba é P. P. Chamberlin an gearánaí. Tá sé thar a bheith spéisiúil gur bhaist sé na hainmneacha seo leanas ar a chlann mhac – Thomas Grattan Brabazon, Henry Emmett Brabazon, William Wolfton (Wolfe Tone ?) Brabazon. Annie Edgeworth Brabazon a thug sé ar a iníon. Fuair Thomas féin bás i gCathair Tulare i gCalifornia sa bhliain 1905 agus é thart ar cheithre scór bliain d’aois.
Phós Ann Brabazon Henry Gould ó Plymouth Shasana i mBuenos Aires sa bhliain 1851. Seisear clainne a bhí acu – James, Anne, Jane, Thomas, William agus Henry. Bhí stóras ginearálta ag Gould i gcomhpháirt le James Sheridan ar estancia Los Galpones Grandes. Is léir ón dialann nár thaitin Gould le John.
Thit John Brabazon féin i ngrá le Honor MacDonnell agus pósadh iad an bhliain chéanna (1951) i bParóiste San Ignacio san ardchathair cé go ndeir John féin gur pósadh iad i dteach James MacDonnell. Ba é tAthair Antaine Ó Fathaigh, séiplíneach na nÉireannach, a chuir faoi chuing an phósta iad. Tuairimítear gur iompaigh Brabazon ina Chaitliceach chun go bhféadfadh sé a ghrá geal a phósadh. Ceathrar páistí a bhí acu – Tomás (1853), Anne (1854 i San Vicente), John (1857), agus María (1858 i Chascomús). Faraor, dúnmharaíodh Honor go brúidiúil danartha agus í fós ina máthair óg sa bhliain 1859, Cúig bliana fichid a bhí sí. Mar atá ráite cheana, bhí Thomás agus John, beirt mhac de chuid John Brabazon agus Honor MacDonnell ag cur fúthu i Stát Connecticut sa bhliain 1870. Tá a fhios again, gur phós Ann fear darbh ainm Tomás Muñoz san Airgintín. Phós John Brabazon féin athuair. Ba í Mary Wallace ó Cho. na hIarmhí an dara bean a bhí aige. Bhí siad gan sliocht. Fuair Mary bás i Ranchos sa bhliain 1897, seacht mbliana déag sular éag Brabazon féin.
Is deacair a dhéanamh amach cathain a cuireadh an dlaoi mhullaigh ar lámhscríbhinn bhunaidh na dialainne. Tá sé soiléir gur choinnigh John Brabazon cín lae de chineál éigin ar feadh beagnach bliain ar a laghad ach tá gach cuma ar an scéal go ndearna sé athscríobh agus eagarthóireacht uirthi ag pointe éigin ina shaol. Dá thoradh sin, is meascán de dhialann, de chuimhní cinn, de stair agus de staróga atá sa lámhscríbhinn. Ní nochtann sé a chuid mothúchán mórán inti, fiú nuair a tharlaíonn tubaistí uafásacha ar nós dhúnmharú tragóideach Anne MacDonnell, a dheirfiúr chéile, agus féinmharú a fir chéile, Patrick Whelan, os comhair a bhotháin amach san aon oíche amháin. Ní dhéanann sé tagairt ar bith do bhás a dheirféar, Jane Daniels, agus í fós ina bean óg in ainneoin go raibh siad an-dlúth lena chéile. B’fhéidir go raibh tréimhse fhada ama imithe idir na tarlúintí úd agus athscríobh na dialainne. D’fhéadfadh go raibh sé ina sheanfhear liath nuair a thóg sé a chín lae as taisceadán deannachúil éigin chun ord agus eagar a chur uirthi le haghaidh na nglúnta a thiocfadh ina dhiaidh. Faoin am sin bhí críonnacht agus gaois na mblianta aige. Bhí taithí aige ar chora crua an tsaoil agus bhí glactha aige leis an saol mar a bhí. Faoin am sin, bheadh na braistintí agus na mothúcháin suaimhnithe go mór agus crá croí na luathbhlianta ligthe i ndearmad.
Tréimhse chorrach staire ab ea blianta na dialainne. Bhí an deachtóir cruálach míthrócaireach Juan Manuel de Rosas ag rialú i mBuenos Aires agus níos déanaí ar an tír go léir. Rialtóir ollsmachtach ab ea é, a bhain feidhm as sceimhlitheoireacht stáit chun an pobal a choinneáil faoi smacht. Nuair a chuir Rosas cosc le trádáil eachtrach ar na haibhneacha intíre, chuir an Bhreatain agus an Fhrainc imshuí ar inbhear Río de la Plata. Dar ndóigh, bhí drochthionchar ag an Imshuí Angla-Fhrancach (1845-1848) ar eacnamaíocht na cathrach agus na gceantar tuaithe máguaird. Déanann Brabazon tagairt ina dhialann do na fir óga agus na mairnéalaigh a fágadh dífhostaithe ag gabháil thart sna ceantair tuaithe ag lorg oibre. Ruaigeadh Rosas as oifig i Mí Feabhra 1852 agus tháinig Justo José de Urquiza i gcumhacht. Níor ghlac muintir na hardchathrach ná pobal Phroibhinse Buenos Aires le hUrquiza agus lean tréimhse fhada chogaíochta eadrannaí, an chathair á cur faoi léigear agus tréigtheoirí ón arm ag cur scéine i bpobal na machairí. Thugann Brabazon cuntas ar eachtraí scanrúla a tharla dó a chuir eagla a anama air.
Cuireadh deireadh leis an gcogadh cathartha ag Cath Cepeda sa bhliain 1860 nuair a bhuaigh Bartolomé Mitre, fear a raibh fuil Éireannach ina fhéitheacha, ar Urquiza. Toghadh Mitre ina Uachtarán ar Phoblacht na hAirgintíne Aontaithe i Mí Dheireadh Fómhair 1862 agus tháinig cúrsaí polaitíochta chun suaimhnis sa chathair agus sa phroibhínse.
Is deacair gan gean a thabhairt do Bhrabazon agus duine ag léamh athleagan na dialainne toisc an t-ionracas agus an mhacántacht atá le sonrú ann. I rith na mblianta tosaigh a chaith sé i mBuenos Aires d’éirigh sé tuirseach de thógáil chaorach agus thaistil sé féin, a dheartháir Thomas, agus cairde leo ar fud dheisceart na proibhinse ag tochailt díog, ag tógáil ranchos, ag déanamh brící nó ag obair mar shiúinéirí. Saol fáin, neamhchinnte gan aon agó ach caithfear a rá nach raibh faitíos ar John roimh obair anróiteach throm. Chaith sé tamall gearr ag díol is ag ceannach táirgí na n-ainmhithe feirme ach d’fhill sé ar an bhfeirmeoireacht chaorach níos déanaí. Bhain sé triail as déiríocht ar feadh scaithimh cé nár éirigh go rómhaith leis. Chaith sé tréimhse gan rath i mbun siopa agus blianta ina bhainisteoir (mayordomo) ar estancia.
Toisc nach raibh ann ach déagóir nuair a tháinig sé i dtír i mBuenos Aires, thit sé i ngrá leis an tír nua. Ní thugtar faoi deara oiread na fríde de chumha i ndiaidh an bhaile ina dhialann. Ní léiríonn sé é féin mar imirceach. Bhí an-mheas aige ar na gnáthdhaoine agus bhain sé líofacht de chineál amach sa Spáinnis. Ghlac sé le nósanna agus le feisteas na ngauchos – chiripá, calzoncillos bordados agus botas de potro – agus d’fhreastail sé ar a gcuid fiestas.
Faraor, bhí sé ró-mhacánta le bheith ina fhear gnó rathúil sa mhilieu cam, claonach ina raibh sé ag maireachtáil. Dá dheasca sin, chuaigh an saol go tubaisteach ina choinne agus breithníodh ina fhéimheach é. Cuireadh a raibh aige sa saol ar ceant agus fágadh beo bocht é le bean agus ceathrar páistí óga ag brath air sa bhliain 1859. Faraor, in olcas a rachadh cúrsaí.
Bhí ar a laghad triúr deirfiúracha ag Honor MacDonnell – Mary, a bhí trí bliana níos sinne ná í, Ellen a bhí pósta le Patrick Gardiner, agus Anne (26), bean chéile Patrick Whelan. I Mí Meán Fómhair 1859, bhuail taom gealtachta an fear deireanach seo agus mharaigh sé Anne le hurchar gunnáin sular chuir sé lámh ina bhás féin le sean-scian mheirgeach. Tharla an dá eachtra seo lasmuigh de bhothán John Brabazon. Ag tús Mhí na Nollag 1859, le linn do John féin a bheith as láthair ag lomadh caorach, dúnmharaíodh Honor agus Mary go cruálach. Trí bhuille marfacha – triúr deirfiúracha básaithe go foréigneach laistigh de ráithe a chuirfeadh duine daonna ar bith ó rath.
Dá ainneoin sin is uile, sháraigh John Brabazon na bacanna ar fad. B’fhear gnaíúil, lách, macánta é. Ghnóthaigh sé cion agus meas na ndaoine thart air. Bhí sé de bhua aige cairdeas a dhéanamh go héasca le daoine. Bhí na cairde a rinne sé an-dílis dó agus sheas siad leis in am an ghátair. Is é is dóichí gurbh é Don Teodoro Serantes an cara ab fhearr a bhí aige. Ar an drochuair, áfach, scuab an tífeas an fear uasal seo agus a mhac Enrique leis i Meán Fómhair na bliana 1862.
Deir foinse amháin go raibh Brabazon ina Ghiúistís Síochána i Necochea i bhfíordheisceart na proibhinse sna 1890idí. Fuair sé bás i mBuenos Aires i mBealtaine na bliana 1914. Bhí sé bliana agus ceithre scór slánaithe aige. Is é is dóichí go mbeadh John Brabazon agus a chlann ligthe i ndearmad ach amháin gur fhág sé athleagan a dhialainne ina dhiaidh. Lámhscríbhinn í a thugann an-tuiscint dúinn ar na Gaeil nár éirigh go rómhaith leo san Airgintín. Is mór an trua go bhfuil 110 bliain imithe ó d’imigh John Brabazon uasal ar shlí na fírinne agus nach bhfuil leagan Gaeilge ná Béarla dá dhialann le fáil.
Tuilleadh eolais le fáill ó '''mdeboaghty@gmail.com'''
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Úsáideoir:John Brabazon
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John Brabazon
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☁'''John Brabazon (1828 – 1914) agus a Mhuintir'''
Rugadh John Brabazon i gcomharsanacht an Mhuilinn Chearr i gCo. na hIarmhí sa bhliain 1828. Ba iad Thomas Grattan Brabazon agus Ann Ferguson, a thuismitheoirí. Deichniúr a bhí sa chlann. Protastúnaigh ab ea iad. Adhlacadh athair John i reilig na Ceapaí i Ráth Eoghain i gCo. na hIarmhí. De réir cosúlachta bhí baint éigin acu leis an dúiche sin. Ní raibh Thomas ach thart ar dhá scór bliain d’aois nuair a fuair sé bás sa bhliain 1835. Tamall de bhlianta i ndiaidh a bháis, thug a bhaintreach, Ann, aghaidh ar Hartford i Stát Connecticut, áit ar éag sí i Meitheamh na bliana 1878. Faoin am sin bhí ceathrar mac agus iníon léi ina gcónaí sa bhaile sin. Chomh maith le sin, bhí beirt mhac de chuid John Brabazon féin ag cur fúthu sa stát sin.
Ba í Eliza, a rugadh in Aibreán 1824, an t-aon duine den teaghlach a d’fhan in Éirinn, más fíor d’Eduardo Coghlan. Deir John Brabazon ina dhialann gur phós sí Thomas Canon, duine de mhuintir na háite, agus gurbh í an t-aon duine den chlann nach ndeachaigh thar lear cé is móite d'Ann a phós Henry Gould i mBuenos Aires. Tá an ráiteas seo míchruinn, áfach. Tá craobh ghinealaigh na clainne foilsithe ar an idirlín, a mhaíonn gurbh é Canning a sloinne pósta agus go bhfuair sí bás i Hartford i Stát Connecticut ar an 6ú lá de Mheitheamh 1913. D’fhéadfadh go raibh sí fós in Éirinn nuair a bhí athleagan na dialainne á scríobh ag Brabazon ach ní dócha é. Bhí John beo fós sa bhliain 1914. Dar ndóigh, bhí Jane, deirfiúr eile dá chuid i mBuenos Aires chomh maith.
Tuairimítear go mb’fhéidir go ndeachaigh Mary go dtí an Spáinn de bhrí go raibh eitinn uirthi, aeráid níos fóirsteanaí do dhuine leis an ngalar úd. Tá sé thar a bheith spéisiúil, áfach, nach luaitear Mary sa chraobh ghinealaigh agus nach ndéantar tagairt ar bith di sa dialann. Is é is dóichí go bhfuair sí bás go hóg.
D’imigh na siblíní eile ar imirce – cuid acu go dtí na Stáit Aontaithe agus an chuid eile go Buenos Aires. Go Hartford i Stát Connecticut a chuaigh Robert, William, Andrew agus Samuel. Tagtar ar leideanna anseo is ansiúd a thugann le tuiscint gur chaith an fear deiridh seo tamall san Airgintín cé nach ndéanann John Brabazon féin tagairt ar bith dó ina dhialann. Bhí fear leis an ainm Samuel Brabazon i mBuenos Aires sa bhliain 1857. Tá fianaise le fáil, áfach, go raibh Samuel, deartháir John, ag cur faoi i Hartford sa bliain 1860. Fuair sé bás ansin in Aibreán na bliana 1905.
Bhí Jane, Ann agus Thomas i mBuenos Aires sular bhain John an chathair sin amach. Phós Jane Henry Andrew Daniels, a rugadh in Folkestone in oirdheisceart Shasana, i Mí na Nollag 1844, nuair nach raibh sí ach naoi mbliana déag. Deir Brabazon ina dhialann go raibh Daniels ina chaptaen ar long de chuid Mhuintir Casares, soitheach a bhíodh ag trádáil leis an mBrasaíl. Fágadh dífhostaithe é le linn an Imshuí Angla-Fhrancaigh. Ní raibh Jane ach 29 bliain d’aois nuair a fuair sí bás sa bhliain 1854. D’fhág sí beirt pháistí óga ina diaidh – Thomas Daniels, a bhí seacht mbliana d’aois agus Elizabeth Jane Daniels, a bhí ceithre bliana d’aois. Bhí siad óg go fóill nuair a fuair a n-athair bás sa bhliain 1867. Is mór an t-iontas é nach ndéanann Brabazon tagairt ar bith ina athleagan do bhás Jane mar is léir ón dialann go raibh caidreamh an-dlúth eatarthu. Ba mhinic é ar cuairt chuici. Déantar tagairt dí don uair dheiridh sa dialann i Mí Feabhra 1852.
Chaith Thomas roinnt blianta i mBuenos Aires chomh maith ach ansin thug sé aghaidh ó thuaidh ar California le linn órthóraíocht na bliana 1849. Níor bhain sé ceann scríbe amach, áfach, go dtí 1850 de dheasca stoirmeacha farraige. Phós sé Mary Agnes Foley, cailín ó Cho. na hIarmhí, ansin. Seachtar clainne a bhí acu. Bhí stóras adhmaid ag Thomas i San Francisco ina bhfostaíodh sé lucht labhartha na Spáinnise. Ní foláir nó go raibh Spáinnis sách maith aige féin mar d’fhostaítí mar fhear teanga é sna cúirteanna sa chathair sin ó am go chéile. Bhí sé féin os comhair na cúirte i gCathair Tulare mar chosantóir i gcúis shibhialta i Mí Mheán Fómhair agus arís i Mí Dheireadh Fómhair na bliana 1900. Ba é P. P. Chamberlin an gearánaí. Tá sé thar a bheith spéisiúil gur bhaist sé na hainmneacha seo leanas ar a chlann mhac – Thomas Grattan Brabazon, Henry Emmett Brabazon, William Wolfton Brabazon, agus Annie Edgeworth Brabazon. Fuair Thomas féin bás i gCathair Tulare i gCalifornia sa bhliain 1905 agus é thart ar cheithre scór bliain d’aois.
Phós Ann Brabazon Henry Gould ó Plymouth Shasana sa bhliain 1851. Seisear clainne a bhí acu –James, Anne, Jane, Thomas, William agus Henry. Bhí stóras ginearálta ag Gould i gcomhpháirt le James Sheridan ar ''estancia'' Los Galpones Grandes. Is léir ón dialann nár thaitin Gould le John.
Thit John Brabazon féin i ngrá le Honor MacDonnell agus pósadh iad an bhliain chéanna (1851) i bParóiste San Ignacio san ardchathair cé go ndeir an t-údar féin gur pósadh iad i dteach James MacDonnell. Ba é tAthair Antaine Ó Fathaigh a chuir faoi chuing an phósta iad. Tuairimítear gur iompaigh Brabazon ina Chaitliceach chun go bhféadfadh sé a ghrá geal a phósadh. Ceathrar páistí a bhí acu –Tomás (1853), Anne (1854 i San Vicente), John (1857), agus María (1858 i Chascomús). Faraor, dúnmharaíodh Honor agus í fós ina máthair óg sa bhliain 1859, gan í ach cúig bliana fichid d’aois. Mar atá ráite thuas, bhí Thomás agus John ag cur fúthu i Stát Connecticut sa bhliain 1870. Phós Ann fear darbh ainm Tomás Muñoz. Phós John Brabazon féin athuair. Ba í Mary Wallace ó Cho. na hIarmhí an dara bean a bhí aige. Fuair sise bás i Ranchos sa bhliain 1897, seacht mbliana déag sular éag Brabazon féin.
Is deacair a dhéanamh amach cathain a cuireadh an dlaoi mhullaigh ar lámhscríbhinn bhunaidh na dialainne. Tá sé soiléir gur choinnigh John Brabazon cín lae de chineál éigin ar feadh scór bliain ar a laghad ach tá gach cuma ar an scéal go ndearna sé athscríobh agus eagarthóireacht uirthi ag pointe éigin ina shaol. Dá thoradh sin, is meascán de dhialann, de chuimhní cinn, de stair agus de staróga atá sa lámhscríbhinn. Ní nochtann sé a chuid mothúchán mórán inti, fiú nuair a tharlaíonn tubaistí ar nós dhúnmharú tragóideach Anne MacDonnell, a dheirfiúr chéile, agus féinmharú a fir chéile, Patrick Whelan, lasmuigh dá bhothán san aon oíche amháin. Ní dhéanann sé tagairt ar bith do bhás a dheirféar, Jane Daniels, agus í fós ina bean óg in ainneoin go raibh caidreamh dlúth eatarthu. B’fhéidir go raibh tréimhse fhada ama imithe idir na tarlúintí úd agus athscríobh na dialainne. D’fhéadfadh go raibh sé ina seanfhear liath nuair a thóg sé a chín lae as taisceadán deannachúil éigin chun ord agus eagar a chur uirthi le haghaidh na nglúnta a thiocfadh ina dhiaidh. Faoin am sin bhí críonnacht agus gaois na mblianta aige. Bhí taithí aige ar chora crua an tsaoil agus bhí glactha aige leis an saol mar a bhí. Faon am sin, bheadh na braistintí agus na mothúcháin suaimhnithe go mór agus crá croí na luathbhlianta ligthe i ndearmad.
Tréimhse chorrach staire ab ea blianta na dialainne - 1845 go dtí 1864. Bhí an deachtóir cruálach, míthrócaireach Juan Manuel de Rosas ag rialú i mBuenos Aires agus níos déanaí ar an tír iomlán. Rialtóir ollsmachtach ab ea é, a bhain feidhm as sceimhlitheoireacht stáit chun an pobal a choinneáil faoi smacht. Nuair a chuir Rosas cosc le trádáil eachtrach ar na haibhneacha intíre, chuir an Bhreatain agus an Fhrainc imshuí ar inbhear Río de la Plata. Dar ndóigh, bhí drochthionchar ag an Imshuí Angla-Fhrancach (1845-1848) ar eacnamaíocht na cathrach agus na gceantar tuaithe máguaird. Déanann Brabazon tagairt ina dhialann do na fir óga agus na mairnéalaigh a fágadh dífhostaithe ag gabháil thart sna ceantair tuaithe ag lorg oibre. Ruaigeadh Rosas as oifig i Mí Feabhra 1852 agus tháinig Justo José de Urquiza i gcumhacht. Níor ghlac muintir na hardchathrach ná pobal Phroibhinse Buenos Aires le hUrquiza agus lean tréimhse fhada chogaíocht eadrannaí, an chathair á cur faoi léigear agus tréigtheoirí ón arm ag cur scéine i bpobal na machairí. Thugann Brabazon cuntas sa dialann ar eachtraí scanrúla a tharla dó a chuir eagla a anama air. Cuireadh deireadh leis an gcogadh cathartha ag Cath Cepeda sa bhliain 1860 nuair a bhuaigh Bartolomé Mitre, fear a raibh fuil Éireannach ina fhéitheacha, ar Urquiza. Toghadh Mitre ina Uachtarán ar Phoblacht na hAirgintíne Aontaithe i Mí Dheireadh Fómhair 1862 agus tháinig cúrsaí polaitíochta chun suaimhnis sa chathair agus sa phroibhinse.
Is deacair gan gean a thabhairt do Bhrabazon agus duine ag léamh athleagan na dialainne toisc an t-ionracas agus an mhacántacht atá le sonrú ann. I rith na mblianta tosaigh a chaith sé i mBuenos Aires d’éirigh sé tuirseach de thógáil chaorach agus thaistil sé féin, a dheartháir Thomas, agus cairde leo ar fud dheisceart na proibhinse ag tochailt díog, ag tógáil ''ranchos'', ag déanamh brící nó ag obair mar shiúinéirí. Saol fáin neamhchinnte gan aon agó ach caithfear a rá nach raibh faitíos ar John roimh obair anróiteach throm. Chaith sé tamall gearr ag díol is ag ceannach táirgí na n-ainmhithe feirme ach d’fhill sé ar an bhfeirmeoireacht chaorach níos déanaí. Bhain sé triail as déiríocht ar feadh scaithimh cé nár éirigh go rómhaith leis. Chaith sé tréimhse gan rath i mbun siopa agus blianta ina bhainisteoir (''mayordomo)'' ar ''estancia.''
Toisc nach raibh ann ach déagóir nuair a tháinig sé i dtír i mBuenos Aires, thit sé i ngrá leis an tír nua. Ní thugtar faoi deara oiread na fríde de chumha i ndiaidh an bhaile ina dhialann. Ní léiríonn sé é féin mar imirceach. Bhí an-mheas aige ar na gnáthdhaoine agus bhain sé líofacht de chineál amach sa Spáinnis. Ghlac sé le nósanna agus le feisteas na n''gauchos'' – ''chiripá, calzoncillos bordados'' agus ''botas de potro –'' agus d’fhreastail sé ar a gcuid ''fiestas''. Faraor, bhí sé ró-mhacánta le bheith ina fhear gnó rathúil sa ''mhilieu'' cam claonach ina raibh sé ag maireachtáil. Dá dheasca sin, chuaigh an saol go tubaisteach ina choinne agus breithníodh ina fhéimheach é. Cuireadh a raibh aige sa saol ar ceant agus fágadh beo bocht é le bean agus ceathrar páistí óga ag brath air sa bhliain 1859. Faraor, in olcas a rachadh cúrsaí.
Bhí ar a laghad triúr deirfiúracha ag Honor MacDonnell – Mary, a bhí trí bliana níos sinne ná í, Ellen a bhí pósta le Patrick Gardiner, agus Anne (26), bean chéile Patrick Whelan. I Mí Meán Fómhair 1859, bhuail taom gealtachta an fear deireanach seo agus mharaigh sé Anne le hurchar gunnáin sular chuir sé lámh ina bhás féin le sean-scian mheirgeach. Tharla an dá eachtra seo lasmuigh de bhothán John Brabazon féin. Ag tús Mhí na Nollag 1859, le linn do John féin a bheith as láthair ag lomadh caorach ar ''estancia'' a fhostóra, Don Teodoro Serantes, dúnmharaíodh Honor agus Mary. Trí bhuille marfacha – triúr deirfiúracha básaithe go foréigneach laistigh de ráithe, rud a chuirfeadh duine daonna ar bith ó rath.
Dá ainneoin sin is uile, sháraigh John Brabazon na bacanna ar fad. B’fhear gnaíúil, lách, macánta é. Ghnóthaigh sé cion agus meas na ndaoine thart air. Bhí sé de bhua aige cairdeas a dhéanamh go héasca le daoine. Bhí na cairde a rinne sé an-dílis dó agus sheas siad leis in am an ghátair. Is é is dóichí gurbh é Don Teodoro Serantes an cara ab fhearr a bhí aige. Ar an drochuair, áfach, scuab an tífeas an fear uasal seo agus a mhac Enrique leis i Meán Fómhair na bliana 1862.
Deir foinse amháin go raibh Brabazon ina Ghiúistís Síochána i Necochea i bhfíordheisceart na proibhinse sna 1890idí. Fuair sé bás i mBuenos Aires i mBealtaine na bliana 1914. Bhí sé bliana agus ceithre scór slánaithe aige. Is é is dóichí go mbeadh John Brabazon agus a chlann ligthe i ndearmad ach amháin gur fhág sé athleagan a dhialainne ina dhiaidh. Lámhscríbhinn í a thugann an-tuiscint dúinn ar na Gaeil nár éirigh go rómhaith leo san Airgintín. Is mór an trua go bhfuil 110 bliain imithe ó d’imigh John Brabazon uasal ar shlí na fírinne agus nach bhfuil leagan Gaeilge ná Béarla dá dhialann le fáil.
Má tá eolas faoi dhialann John Brabazon ón léitheoir, déan teagmháil:
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John Brabazon
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☁'''John Brabazon (1828 – 1914) agus a Mhuintir'''
Rugadh John Brabazon i gcomharsanacht an Mhuilinn Chearr i gCo. na hIarmhí sa bhliain 1828. Ba iad Thomas Grattan Brabazon agus Ann Ferguson, a thuismitheoirí. Deichniúr a bhí sa chlann - Eliza, Mary (?), Thomas, Jane, Ann, Robert, William, Andrew, Samuel, agus John. Protastúnaigh ab ea iad. Adhlacadh athair John i reilig na Ceapaí i Ráth Eoghain i gCo. na hIarmhí. De réir cosúlachta bhí baint éigin acu leis an dúiche sin. Ní raibh Thomas ach thart ar dhá scór bliain d’aois nuair a fuair sé bás, a bhliain 1835. Tamall de bhlianta i ndiaidh a bháis, thug a bhaintreach, Ann, aghaidh ar Hartford i Stát Connecticut, áit ar éag sí i Meitheamh na bliana 1878. Faoin am sin bhí ceathrar mac agus iníon léi ina gcónaí sa bhaile sin. Chomh maith le sin, bhí beirt mhac de chuid John Brabazon féin ag cur fúthu sa stát céanna.
Deir Eduardo Coghlan ina leagan Spáinnise den dialann gurbh í Eliza, a rugadh in Aibreán na bliana 1824, an t-aon duine den teaghlach a d’fhan in Éirinn. Dar leis, phós sí Thomas Canon, duine de mhuintir na háite. Tá an ráiteas seo míchruinn, áfach. Tá craobh ghinealaigh na clainne foilsithe ar an idirlíon, a mhaíonn gurbh é Canning sloinne pósta Eliza agus go bhfuair sí bás i Hartford i Stát Connecticut ar an 6ú lá de Mheitheamh 1913. Dar ndóigh, d'fhéadfadh go raibh sí fós in Éirinn nuair a bhí athleagan na dialainne á scríobh ag Brabazon ach ní dócha é. Bhí John beo fós sa bhliain 1914.
Tuairimítear go mb’fhéidir go ndeachaigh Mary go dtí an Spáinn de bhrí go raibh eitinn uirthi, aeráid níos fóirsteanaí do dhuine leis an ngalar úd. Tá sé thar a bheith spéisiúil, áfach, nach luaitear Mary sa chraobh ghinealaigh agus nach ndéantar tagairt ar bith di sa dialann. Is é is dóichí go bhfuair sí bás agus í an-óg.
D’imigh na siblíní eile ar imirce – cuid acu go dtí na Stáit Aontaithe agus an chuid eile go Buenos Aires. Go Hartford i Stát Connecticut a chuaigh Robert, William, Andrew agus Samuel. Tagtar ar leideanna anseo is ansiúd a thugann le tuiscint gur chaith an fear deiridh seo tamall san Airgintín cé nach ndéanann John Brabazon féin tagairt ar bith dó ina dhialann. Bhí fear leis an ainm Samuel Brabazon i mBuenos Aires sa bhliain 1857. Tá fianaise le fáil, áfach, go raibh Samuel, deartháir John, ag cur faoi i Hartford sa bliain 1860. Fuair sé bás ansin in Aibreán na bliana 1905.
Is cinnte go raibh Jane, Ann agus Thomas i mBuenos Aires sular bhain John an chathair sin amach i Mí na Nollag na bliana 1845. Phós Jane Henry Andrew Daniels, a rugadh in Folkestone in oirdheisceart Shasana, i Mí na Nollag 1844, nuair nach raibh sí ach naoi mbliana déag d'aois. Deir Brabazon ina dhialann go raibh Daniels ina chaptaen ar long de chuid Mhuintir Casares, soitheach a bhíodh ag trádáil leis an mBrasaíl. Fágadh dífhostaithe é le linn an Imshuí Angla-Fhrancaigh. Ní raibh Jane ach 29 bliain d’aois nuair a fuair sí bás sa bhliain 1854. D’fhág sí beirt pháistí óga ina diaidh – Thomas Daniels, a bhí seacht mbliana d’aois agus Elizabeth Jane Daniels, nach raibh ach ceithre bliana slánaithe aici. Bhí siad óg go fóill nuair a fuair a n-athair bás sa bhliain 1867. Is mór an t-iontas é nach ndéanann Brabazon tagairt ar bith ina athleagan do bhás Jane mar is léir ón dialann go raibh caidreamh an-dlúth eatarthu. Ba mhinic é ar cuairt chuici. Déantar tagairt dí don uair dheiridh sa dialann i Mí Feabhra 1852.
Chaith Thomas roinnt blianta i mBuenos Aires chomh maith ach ansin thug sé aghaidh ó thuaidh ar California le linn órthóraíocht na bliana 1849. Níor bhain sé ceann scríbe amach, áfach, go dtí 1850 de dheasca stoirmeacha farraige. Phós sé Mary Agnes Foley, cailín ó Cho. na hIarmhí, ansin. Seachtar clainne a bhí acu. Bhí stóras adhmaid ag Thomas i San Francisco ina bhfostaíodh sé lucht labhartha na Spáinnise. Ní foláir nó go raibh Spáinnis sách maith aige féin mar d’fhostaítí mar fhear teanga é sna cúirteanna sa chathair sin ó am go chéile. Bhí sé féin os comhair na cúirte i gCathair Tulare mar chosantóir i gcúis shibhialta i Mí Mheán Fómhair agus arís i Mí Dheireadh Fómhair na bliana 1900. Ba é P. P. Chamberlin an gearánaí. Tá sé thar a bheith spéisiúil gur bhaist sé na hainmneacha seo leanas ar a chlann mhac – Thomas Grattan Brabazon, Henry Emmett Brabazon, William Wolfton (Wolfe Tone?) Brabazon, agus Annie Edgeworth Brabazon. Fuair Thomas féin bás i gCathair Tulare i gCalifornia sa bhliain 1905 agus é thart ar cheithre scór bliain d’aois.
Phós Ann Brabazon Henry Gould ó Plymouth Shasana san Airgintín sa bhliain 1851. Seisear clainne a bhí acu –James, Anne, Jane, Thomas, William agus Henry. Bhí stóras ginearálta ag Gould i gcomhpháirt le James Sheridan ar ''estancia'' Los Galpones Grandes. Is léir ón dialann nár thaitin Gould le John.
Thit John Brabazon féin i ngrá le Honor MacDonnell agus pósadh iad an bhliain chéanna (1851) i bParóiste San Ignacio san ardchathair cé go ndeir an t-údar féin gur pósadh iad i dteach James MacDonnell. Ba é tAthair Antaine Ó Fathaigh, séiplíneach na nÉireannach, a chuir faoi chuing an phósta iad. Tuairimítear gur iompaigh Brabazon ina Chaitliceach chun go bhféadfadh sé a ghrá geal a phósadh. Ceathrar páistí a bhí acu –Tomás (1853), Anne (1854 i San Vicente), John (1857), agus María (1858 i Chascomús). Faraor, dúnmharaíodh Honor agus í fós ina máthair óg sa bhliain 1859, gan í ach cúig bliana fichid d’aois. Mar atá ráite thuas, bhí Thomás agus John, beirt mhac de chuid John Brabazon agus agus Honor MacDonnelll, ag cur fúthu i Stát Connecticut sna Stáit Aontaithe sa bhliain 1870. Tá a fhios againn gur phós Ann fear darbh ainm Tomás Muñoz. Phós John Brabazon féin athuair. Ba í Mary Wallace ó Cho. na hIarmhí an dara bean a bhí aige. Fuair sise bás i Ranchos sa bhliain 1897, seacht mbliana déag sular éag Brabazon féin.
Is deacair a dhéanamh amach cathain a cuireadh an dlaoi mhullaigh ar lámhscríbhinn bhunaidh na dialainne. Tá sé soiléir gur choinnigh John Brabazon cín lae de chineál éigin ar feadh scór bliain ar a laghad ach tá gach cuma ar an scéal go ndearna sé athscríobh agus eagarthóireacht uirthi ag pointe éigin ina shaol. Dá thoradh sin, is meascán de dhialann, de chuimhní cinn, de stair agus de staróga atá sa lámhscríbhinn. Ní nochtann sé a chuid mothúchán mórán inti, fiú nuair a thagraíonn sé do thubaistí uafásacha ar nós dhúnmharú tragóideach Anne MacDonnell, a dheirfiúr chéile, agus féinmharú a fir chéile, Patrick Whelan, lasmuigh dá bhothán san aon oíche amháin. Ní dhéanann sé tagairt ar bith do bhás a dheirféar, Jane Daniels, agus í fós ina bean óg in ainneoin go raibh siad an-dlúth lena chéile. B’fhéidir go raibh tréimhse fhada ama imithe idir na tarlúintí úd agus athscríobh na dialainne. D’fhéadfadh go raibh sé ina seanfhear liath nuair a thóg sé a chín lae as taisceadán deannachúil éigin chun ord agus eagar a chur uirthi le haghaidh na nglúnta a thiocfadh ina dhiaidh. Faoin am sin bhí críonnacht agus gaois na mblianta aige. Bhí taithí aige ar chora crua an tsaoil agus bhí glactha aige leis an saol mar a bhí. Faon am sin, bheadh na braistintí agus na mothúcháin suaimhnithe go mór agus crá croí na luathbhlianta ligthe i ndearmad.
Tréimhse chorrach staire ab ea blianta na dialainne - 1845 go dtí 1864. Bhí an deachtóir cruálach, míthrócaireach Juan Manuel de Rosas ag rialú i mBuenos Aires agus níos déanaí ar an tír iomlán. Rialtóir ollsmachtach ab ea é, a bhain feidhm as sceimhlitheoireacht stáit chun an pobal a choinneáil faoi smacht. Nuair a chuir Rosas cosc le trádáil eachtrach ar na haibhneacha intíre, chuir an Bhreatain agus an Fhrainc imshuí ar Inbhear Río de la Plata. Dar ndóigh, bhí drochthionchar ag an Imshuí Angla-Fhrancach (1845-1848) ar eacnamaíocht na cathrach agus na gceantar tuaithe máguaird. Déanann Brabazon tagairt ina dhialann do na fir óga agus na mairnéalaigh a fágadh dífhostaithe ag gabháil thart sna ceantair tuaithe ag lorg oibre. Ruaigeadh Rosas as oifig i Mí Feabhra 1852 agus tháinig Justo José de Urquiza i gcumhacht. Níor ghlac muintir na hardchathrach ná pobal Phroibhinse Buenos Aires le hUrquiza agus cuireadh tús le tréimhse fhada chogaíochta eadrannaí, an Cathair Buenos Aires á cur faoi léigear agus tréigtheoirí ón arm ag cur scéine i bpobal na machairí. Thugann Brabazon cuntas sa dialann ar eachtraí scanrúla a tharla dó a chuir eagla a anama air. Cuireadh deireadh leis an gcogadh cathartha seo ag Cath Cepeda sa bhliain 1860 nuair a bhuaigh Bartolomé Mitre, fear a raibh fuil Éireannach ina fhéitheacha, ar Urquiza. Toghadh Mitre ina Uachtarán ar Phoblacht na hAirgintíne Aontaithe i Mí Dheireadh Fómhair 1862 agus tháinig cúrsaí polaitíochta chun suaimhnis sa chathair agus sa phroibhinse.
Is deacair gan gean a thabhairt do Bhrabazon agus duine ag léamh na dialainne toisc an t-ionracas agus an mhacántacht atá le sonrú ann. I rith na mblianta tosaigh a chaith sé i mBuenos Aires d’éirigh sé tuirseach de thógáil chaorach agus thaistil sé féin, a dheartháir Thomas, agus cairde leo ar fud dheisceart na proibhinse ag tochailt díog, ag tógáil ''ranchos'', ag déanamh brící nó ag obair mar shiúinéirí. Saol fáin neamhchinnte gan aon agó ach caithfear a rá nach raibh faitíos ar John roimh obair anróiteach throm. Chaith sé tamall gearr ag díol is ag ceannach táirgí na n-ainmhithe feirme ach d’fhill sé ar an bhfeirmeoireacht chaorach níos déanaí. Bhain sé triail as déiríocht ar feadh scaithimh cé nár éirigh go rómhaith leis. Chaith sé tréimhse gan rath i mbun siopa agus blianta ina bhainisteoir (''mayordomo)'' ar ''estancia.''
Toisc nach raibh ann ach déagóir nuair a tháinig sé i dtír i mBuenos Aires, thit sé i ngrá leis an tír nua. Ní thugtar faoi deara oiread na fríde de chumha i ndiaidh an bhaile ina dhialann. Ní léiríonn sé é féin mar imirceach. Bhí an-mheas aige ar na gnáthdhaoine na tíre agus bhain sé líofacht de chineál amach sa Spáinnis. Ghlac sé le nósanna agus le feisteas na n''gauchos'' – ''chiripá, calzoncillos bordados'' agus ''botas de potro –'' agus d’fhreastail sé ar a gcuid ''fiestas''. Faraor, bhí sé ró-mhacánta le bheith ina fhear gnó rathúil sa ''mhilieu'' cam claonach ina raibh sé ag maireachtáil. Dá dheasca sin, chuaigh an saol go tubaisteach ina choinne agus breithníodh ina fhéimheach é. Cuireadh a raibh aige sa saol ar ceant agus fágadh beo bocht é le bean agus ceathrar páistí óga ag brath air sa bhliain 1859. Faraor, in olcas a rachadh cúrsaí.
Bhí ar a laghad triúr deirfiúracha ag Honor MacDonnell – Mary, a bhí trí bliana níos sinne ná í, Ellen a bhí pósta le Patrick Gardiner, agus Anne (26), bean chéile Patrick Whelan. I Mí Meán Fómhair 1859, bhuail taom gealtachta an fear deireanach seo agus mharaigh sé Anne le hurchar gunnáin sular chuir sé lámh ina bhás féin le sean-scian mheirgeach. Tharla an dá eachtra seo lasmuigh de bhothán John Brabazon féin. Ag tús Mhí na Nollag 1859, le linn do John féin a bheith as láthair ag lomadh caorach ar ''estancia'' a fhostóra, Don Teodoro Serantes, dúnmharaíodh Honor agus Mary go cruálach. Trí bhuille marfacha – triúr deirfiúracha básaithe go foréigneach laistigh de ráithe, rud a chuirfeadh duine daonna ar bith ó rath.
Dá ainneoin sin is uile, sháraigh John Brabazon na bacanna ar fad. B’fhear gnaíúil, lách, macánta é. Ghnóthaigh sé cion agus meas na ndaoine thart air. Bhí sé de bhua aige cairdeas a dhéanamh go héasca le daoine. Bhí na cairde a rinne sé an-dílis dó agus sheas siad leis in am an ghátair. Is é is dóichí gurbh é Don Teodoro Serantes an cara ab fhearr a bhí aige. Ar an drochuair, áfach, scuab an tífeas an fear uasal seo mar aon lena a mhac Enrique leis i Meán Fómhair na bliana 1862.
Deir foinse amháin go raibh Brabazon ina Ghiúistís Síochána i Necochea i bhfíordheisceart na proibhinse sna 1890idí. Fuair sé bás i mBuenos Aires i mBealtaine na bliana 1914. Bhí sé bliana agus ceithre scór slánaithe aige. Is é is dóichí go mbeadh John Brabazon agus a chlann ligthe i ndearmad ach amháin gur fhág sé athleagan a dhialainne ina dhiaidh. Lámhscríbhinn í a thugann an-tuiscint dúinn ar na Gaeil nár éirigh go rómhaith leo san Airgintín. Is mór an trua go bhfuil 110 bliain imithe ó d’imigh John Brabazon uasal ar shlí na fírinne agus nach bhfuil leagan Gaeilge ná Béarla dá dhialann le fáil ag an bpobal.
Má tá breis eolais faoi dhialann John Brabazon ón léitheoir, déanadh sé nó sí teagmháil liom.
'''mdeboaghty@gmail.com'''
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Foirgneamh}}
Is [[Caisleáin na hÉireann, 1350 - 1650|túrtheach]] de chuid [[Mhic Cárthaigh]] agus [[Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta na hÉireann|Séadchomhartha Náisiúnta]] é '''Caisleán an Driseáin''' atá suite i [[Contae Chorcaí|gContae Chorcaí]], [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]].<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://landedestates.nuigalway.ie/LandedEstates/jsp/estate-show.jsp?id=2656|title=Estate Record: Wallis (Drishane Castle)|publisher=|access-date=28 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329141251/http://landedestates.nuigalway.ie/LandedEstates/jsp/estate-show.jsp?id=2656|archive-date=29 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jJFIAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Drishane+Castle%22&pg=PA612|title=A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland Enjoying Territorial Possessions Or High Official Rank, But Uninvested with Heritable Honours|author=Burke|first=John|date=1 January 1835|publisher=H. Colburn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EFUxAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Drishane%20Castle%22|title=Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society|date=1 January 1962|publisher=The Society}}</ref> Sa lá atá inniu ann úsáidtear an t-ainm freisin chun tagairt a dhéanamh don teach in aice láimhe a tógadh san 18ú haois.<ref name="boi">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/20903910/drishane-castle-drishane-more-co-cork|title=Drishane Castle, Drishane More, County Cork|work=www.buildingsofireland.ie|access-date=2 December 2020}}</ref> Tá sé suite 2.2 km (1.4 mhíle) soir ó thuaidh ó [[Sráid an Mhuilinn|Shráid an Mhuilinn]], ar bhruach theas [[An Abhainn Mhór]].<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2nc4AQAAMAAJ&q=%22Drishane+Castle%22&pg=PA289|title=Dublin Penny Journal|date=1 January 1833|publisher=J. S. Folds [1832-33]}}</ref>
== Stair ==
Is iad [[Mhic Cárthaigh|Clann Mhic Cárthaigh]] a thóg an túrtheach ag Driseáin c. 1436–50. Is dócha gur chuir Diarmuid Mór, an dara mac le Tadhg (Rí Dheasmhumhan 1390–1428), tús leis. Bhí Tadhg mac Eoin i seilbh Chaisleán Driseáin sa bhliain 1592 nuair a ghéill sé don [[Eilís I Shasana|Bhanríon Eilís I]] é agus fuair sé athbhronnadh.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.millstreet.ie/blog/history/drishane-castle|title=Drishane Castle|date=10 August 2009|publisher=}}</ref> Bhí an caisleán fós i seilbh a mhic (Eoin) nuair a fuair sé bás sa bhliain 1637.
Géilleadh tailte uile Mhic Cárthaigh i ndiaidh [[Cogadh na hAon Bhliana Déag|Chogaí na hAon Bhliana Déag]] (1641–53), ach tugadh ar ais do [[Donnchadh Mac Cárthaigh, 1ú Tiarna Chlann Chartaigh|Dhonnchadh Mac Cárthaigh, 1ú Tiarna Chlann Cárthaigh]], iad sa bhliain 1660 nuair a athghabh [[Séarlas II, Rí Shasana, na hÉireann agus na hAlban|Séarlas II]] an ríchathaoir.
Chaill na Mhic Carthaigh a gcuid tailte arís i ndiaidh [[Cogadh an Dá Rí|Chogadh an Dá Rí]] (1689–91). Thit an talamh chuig an Hollow Sword Blade Company, a dhíol le Henry Wallis é sa bhliain 1709; ghlac na Wallises úinéireacht iomlán air sa bhliain 1728.
Thóg muintir Wallis an teach, nó an caisleán mar a tugadh air níos déanaí, timpeall na bliana 1730.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/20903910/drishane-castle-drishane-more-co-cork|title=Drishane Castle, Drishane More, County Cork|work=www.buildingsofireland.ie|access-date=2 December 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/20903910/drishane-castle-drishane-more-co-cork "Drishane Castle, Drishane More, County Cork"]. </cite></ref> Le linn [[Éirí Amach na bhFíníní]] i 1867, bhí Caisleán an Driseáin faoi gharastún. D’fhan sé i seilbh Wallis go dtí 1882, agus ina dhiaidh sin bhí sé faoi úinéireacht Patrick Stack. Rinneadh clochar de sa bhliain 1909, faoi úinéireacht na Deirfiúracha an Leanbh Íosa, a raibh meánscoil chónaithe do chailíní á reáchtáil acu go dtí 1992. Sa bhliain 1974 úsáideadh é mar shuíomh ina raibh Mainistir Bhréidé ficseanúil sa leagan scannáin de [[In This House of Brede]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/regionals/corkman/entertainment/when-the-bond-girl-became-a-drishane-nun-39537526.html|teideal=When the Bond girl became a Drishane nun}}</ref> Cheannaigh muintir Duggan é agus rinneadh ionad d’[[iarrthóir tearmainn|iarrthóirí tearmainn]] de.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.independent.ie/regionals/corkman/news/asylum-seekers-in-angry-protest-at-millstreet-centre-29376896.html|title=Asylum seekers in angry protest at Millstreet centre - Independent.ie|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000354247|title=Holdings: Drishane Castle, Millstreet, Co. Cork|publisher=}}</ref>
== Túrtheach ==
Tá an túrtheach 22 m ar airde. Tá sé tógtha as cloch le ceithre stór agus [[poll lámhaigh]] cúnga. Tá [[forbhalla]] "Éireannach" ar an díon, agus túr beag ciorclach in aice leis an gcaisleán.<ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.britainirelandcastles.com/Ireland/County-Cork/Drishane-Castle.html|title=Irish Castles - Drishane Castle|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.libraryireland.com/articles/DrishaneCastleDPJ1-37/|title=Drishane Castle, County of Cork|publisher=}}</ref>
== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Driseán}}
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Leathanach cruthaithe le '{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} Ar an 2 Bealtaine 2025, rinne Iosrael ionsaí dróin ar long shibhialtach, a bhí ag triall ar Chríocha na Palaistíne. agus ar Ghaza chun fóirithint a sheachadadh. "The Conscience" an t-ainm a bhí ar an long, árthach de chuid "Comhghuaillíocht na Saoirse" nó ''Gaza Freedom Flotilla''. Thug Comhghuaillíocht na Saoirse le fios go raibh gníomhaithe ó 21 tír ar bord na loinge, agus go raibh sé mar aidhm acu dúshlán a thabh...'
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}
Ar an 2 Bealtaine 2025, rinne Iosrael ionsaí dróin ar long shibhialtach, a bhí ag triall ar Chríocha na Palaistíne. agus ar Ghaza chun fóirithint a sheachadadh. "The Conscience" an t-ainm a bhí ar an long, árthach de chuid "Comhghuaillíocht na Saoirse" nó ''Gaza Freedom Flotilla''. Thug Comhghuaillíocht na Saoirse le fios go raibh gníomhaithe ó 21 tír ar bord na loinge, agus go raibh sé mar aidhm acu dúshlán a thabhairt don "ghabháil mhídhleathach" a bhí déanta ag Iosrael ar Gaza.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/may/02/gaza-humanitarian-aid-ship-bombed-drones-waters-off-malta|teideal=Gaza humanitarian aid ship ‘bombed by drones’ in waters off Malta|údar=Jason Burke|dáta=2025-05-02|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|dátarochtana=2025-05-03}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title="Ionsaí Dróin déanta ar long shibhialtach in uiscí idirnáisiúnta"|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/0502/1510735-ionsai-droin-deanta-ar-long-shibhialtach-in-uisci-idirnaisiunta/|date=2025-05-02|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref>
== Cúlra ==
Sa bhliain 2010, rinne Iosrael ionsaí ar longa de chuid an "Gaza Freedom Flotilla". Maraíodh deichniúr.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Gaza flotilla raid|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_flotilla_raid|journal=Wikipedia|date=2025-04-12|language=en}}</ref>
Ó 2ú Márta 2025 - tráth a chlis ar an sos cogaidh - bhí cosc curtha ag Iosrael ar sheachadadh fóirithinte go Gaza. Ach ar an 27 Aibreán 2025, thug an [[Clár Domhanda Bia]], atá á reáchtáil ag na Náisiúin Aontaithe, le fios go raibh na soláthairtí bia ídithe go mór. Bhí 2.4m duine in Gaza in 2025 agus dúirt Cumann na Croise Deirge go raibh cliste go hiomlán, nach mór, ar iarrachtaí cúnamh daonnúil a chur ar fáil don phobal ansin, i ndiaidh cúig mhí dhéag den chogaíocht. Bhí fainic curtha ag na Náisiúin Aontaithe ar Iosrael go bhfuil muintir Gaza i mbaol gorta.<ref name=":0" />
== Eachtra ==
Ionsaíodh long shibhialtach nach raibh armtha. Tháinig longa eile i dtarrtháil ar an long fóirithinte, a bhí trí thine, in uiscí 17 muirmhíle amach ó chósta Mhálta in uiscí idirnáisiúnta.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://countercurrents.org/2025/05/flotilla-coalition-ship-to-gaza-attacked-in-international-waters/|teideal=Flotilla Coalition Ship To Gaza Attacked In International Waters{{!}} Countercurrents|dáta=2025-05-03|language=en-US|dátarochtana=2025-05-03}}</ref>
Bhí an long trí thine nuair a tháinig árthach eile i gcabhair ar an gcriú. Bhí an tine faoi smacht faoi 1:28am. Chuaigh fórsaí armtha Mhálta i gcabhair orthu freisin ar árthach eile. Faoi 2:13am, bhí sé deimhnithe go raibh gach duine a bhí ar bord slán sábháilte.<ref name=":0" />
Lá níos déanaí, bhí an long fóirithinte fós taobh amuigh d'uiscí Mhálta, agus monatóireacht á déanamh uirthi."
== Iarmhairtí ==
D'ionsaigh long shibhialtach in uiscí idirnáisiúnta, sárú é seo ar an dlí idirnáisiúnta.
Ní raibh aon ráiteas déanta ag Iosrael maidir leis an ionsaí.
== Féach freisin ==
* [[Cogadh Iosrael-Gaza]]
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:2025]]
[[Catagóir:Cogadh Iosrael-Gaza]]
[[Catagóir:Eachtraí muirí]]
[[Catagóir:An tSicil]]
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}
Ar an 1 Meitheamh 2025, d'fhág bád An 'Madleen' an tSicil amach ó chósta theas na hIodáile, árthach de chuid ''Gaza Freedom Flotilla'' nó "Comhghuaillíocht na Saoirse", ag triall ar Chríocha na Palaistíne. agus ar Ghaza chun fóirithint a sheachadadh.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/6/9/freedom-flotillas-a-history-of-attempts-to-break-israels-siege-of-gaza|teideal=Freedom Flotillas: A history of attempts to break Israel’s siege of Gaza|údar=Marium Ali|language=en|work=Al Jazeera|dátarochtana=2025-06-09}}</ref> Bhí sé mar aidhm ag na gníomhaithe mar a deir siad 'síor-chogaíocht Iosrael i Gaza' a stopadh. Bhí soláthairtí siombalacha daonna ar bord, leithéidí rís agus púdar bainne do naíonáin.<ref name=":1">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ordú tugtha ag Iosrael an 'Madleen' a chosc isteach go Gaza|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/0608/1517354-ordu-tugtha-ag-iosrael-an-madleen-a-chosc-isteach-go-gaza/|date=2025-06-08|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Bhí 12 gníomhaí ar bord na loinge - an feachtasóir aeráide ón tSualainn [[Greta Thunberg]] ina measc - agus mar aidhm acu dúshlán a thabhairt don "ghabháil mhídhleathach" a bhí déanta ag Iosrael ar Gaza.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/may/02/gaza-humanitarian-aid-ship-bombed-drones-waters-off-malta|teideal=Gaza humanitarian aid ship ‘bombed by drones’ in waters off Malta|údar=Jason Burke|dáta=2025-05-02|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|dátarochtana=2025-05-03}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title="Ionsaí Dróin déanta ar long shibhialtach in uiscí idirnáisiúnta"|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/0502/1510735-ionsai-droin-deanta-ar-long-shibhialtach-in-uisci-idirnaisiunta/|date=2025-05-02|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Gaza: seilbh gafa ag fórsaí Iosrael ar luamh daonchabhrach|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/0609/1517445-gaza-seilbh-gafa-ag-forsai-iosrael-ar-luamh-daonchabhrach/|date=2025-06-09|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref>
== Cúlra ==
Sa bhliain 2010, rinne Iosrael ionsaí ar longa de chuid an "Gaza Freedom Flotilla". Maraíodh deichniúr.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Gaza flotilla raid|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_flotilla_raid|journal=Wikipedia|date=2025-04-12|language=en}}</ref>
Ó 2ú Márta 2025 - tráth a chlis ar an sos cogaidh - bhí cosc curtha ag Iosrael ar sheachadadh fóirithinte go Gaza. Ach ar an 27 Aibreán 2025, thug an [[Clár Domhanda Bia]], atá á reáchtáil ag na Náisiúin Aontaithe, le fios go raibh na soláthairtí bia ídithe go mór. Bhí 2.4m duine in Gaza in 2025 agus dúirt Cumann na Croise Deirge go raibh cliste go hiomlán, nach mór, ar iarrachtaí cúnamh daonnúil a chur ar fáil don phobal ansin, i ndiaidh cúig mhí dhéag den chogaíocht. Bhí fainic curtha ag na Náisiúin Aontaithe ar Iosrael go bhfuil muintir Gaza i mbaol gorta.<ref name=":0" />
Ar an 2 Bealtaine 2025, ionsaíodh long de chuid ''Gaza Freedom Flotilla'' nach raibh armtha, in uiscí 17 muirmhíle amach ó chósta Mhálta in uiscí idirnáisiúnta. Tháinig longa eile i dtarrtháil ar an long fóirithinte, a bhí trí thine. <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://countercurrents.org/2025/05/flotilla-coalition-ship-to-gaza-attacked-in-international-waters/|teideal=Flotilla Coalition Ship To Gaza Attacked In International Waters{{!}} Countercurrents|dáta=2025-05-03|language=en-US|dátarochtana=2025-05-03}}</ref> Chuaigh fórsaí armtha Mhálta i gcabhair orthu freisin, agus gach duine a bhí ar bord slán sábháilte.<ref name=":0" />
Féach ar: [[Gaza Freedom Flotilla, 2025|Gaza Freedom Flotilla, Meitheamh 2025]]
[[Íomhá:Eco-activist Greta Thunberg's protest in front of the UN office (COP-29), Yerevan, Armenia, 3.jpg|clé|mion|Greta Thunberg in 2024]]
== Eachtra ==
Bhí ordú tugtha ó Aire Cosanta Iosrael d'arm na tíre gan ligean don 'Madleen' Stráice Gaza a bhaint amach.<ref name=":1" /> Ar an 8 Meitheamh 2025, bhí seilbh gafa ag fórsaí míleata Iosrael ar an luamh carthanachta amach ó chósta Gaza. Bhí lastas beag soláthairtí daonchabhrach ar an mbád – rís agus púdar bainne den chuid is mó – siombail, a deir na gníomhaithe, ar an gcuidiú atá de dhíth go géar ar mhuintir Gaza.
Dháréag a bhí ar an mbád, an feachtasóir aitheanta aeráide ón tSualainn [[Greta Thunberg]] ina measc. Aird a tharraingt ar an ngéarchéim dhaonnúil in Gaza ab ea príomhaidhm na bhfeachtasóirí agus fios maith acu nach ligfeadh na hIosraelaigh dóibh ceann scríbe a bhaint amach.
Dúirt na hIosraelaigh nach raibh ar bun ag na feachtasóirí ach gníomh bolscaireachta ar son Hamas. Dheimhnigh na hIosraelaigh go raibh an luamh á tabhairt go calafort in Iosrael agus dúradh go seolfaí ar ais chun a dtíortha féin na daoine atá ar bord uirthi.
Mar leis na soláthairtí daonchabhrach, dúirt na hIosraelaigh go ndáilfí iad ar dhaoine in Gaza in am trátha.
Ní raibh Ciste Leanaí na Náisiún Aontaithe dóchasach, áfach, go dtiocfaí i gcabhair ar mhuintir Gaza sula mbeidh sé ina ghorta críochnaithe ann.
== Féach freisin ==
* [[Cogadh Iosrael-Gaza]]
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:2025]]
[[Catagóir:Cogadh Iosrael-Gaza]]
[[Catagóir:Eachtraí muirí]]
[[Catagóir:An tSicil]]
[[Catagóir:Greta Thunberg]]
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}
Ar an 1 Meitheamh 2025, d'fhág bád An 'Madleen' an tSicil amach ó chósta theas na hIodáile, árthach de chuid ''Gaza Freedom Flotilla'' nó "Comhghuaillíocht na Saoirse", ag triall ar Chríocha na Palaistíne. agus ar Ghaza chun fóirithint a sheachadadh.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/6/9/freedom-flotillas-a-history-of-attempts-to-break-israels-siege-of-gaza|teideal=Freedom Flotillas: A history of attempts to break Israel’s siege of Gaza|údar=Marium Ali|language=en|work=Al Jazeera|dátarochtana=2025-06-09}}</ref> Bhí sé mar aidhm ag na gníomhaithe mar a deir siad 'síor-chogaíocht Iosrael i Gaza' a stopadh. Bhí soláthairtí siombalacha daonna ar bord, leithéidí rís agus púdar bainne do naíonáin.<ref name=":1">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Ordú tugtha ag Iosrael an 'Madleen' a chosc isteach go Gaza|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/0608/1517354-ordu-tugtha-ag-iosrael-an-madleen-a-chosc-isteach-go-gaza/|date=2025-06-08|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref> Bhí 12 gníomhaí ar bord na loinge - an feachtasóir aeráide ón tSualainn [[Greta Thunberg]] ina measc - agus mar aidhm acu dúshlán a thabhairt don "ghabháil mhídhleathach" a bhí déanta ag Iosrael ar Gaza.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/may/02/gaza-humanitarian-aid-ship-bombed-drones-waters-off-malta|teideal=Gaza humanitarian aid ship ‘bombed by drones’ in waters off Malta|údar=Jason Burke|dáta=2025-05-02|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|dátarochtana=2025-05-03}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Luaigh foilseachán|title="Ionsaí Dróin déanta ar long shibhialtach in uiscí idirnáisiúnta"|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/0502/1510735-ionsai-droin-deanta-ar-long-shibhialtach-in-uisci-idirnaisiunta/|date=2025-05-02|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Gaza: seilbh gafa ag fórsaí Iosrael ar luamh daonchabhrach|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2025/0609/1517445-gaza-seilbh-gafa-ag-forsai-iosrael-ar-luamh-daonchabhrach/|date=2025-06-09|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}</ref>
== Cúlra ==
Sa bhliain 2010, rinne Iosrael ionsaí ar longa de chuid an "Gaza Freedom Flotilla". Maraíodh deichniúr.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Gaza flotilla raid|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_flotilla_raid|journal=Wikipedia|date=2025-04-12|language=en}}</ref>
Ó 2ú Márta 2025 - tráth a chlis ar an sos cogaidh - bhí cosc curtha ag Iosrael ar sheachadadh fóirithinte go Gaza. Ach ar an 27 Aibreán 2025, thug an [[Clár Domhanda Bia]], atá á reáchtáil ag na Náisiúin Aontaithe, le fios go raibh na soláthairtí bia ídithe go mór. Bhí 2.4m duine in Gaza in 2025 agus dúirt Cumann na Croise Deirge go raibh cliste go hiomlán, nach mór, ar iarrachtaí cúnamh daonnúil a chur ar fáil don phobal ansin, i ndiaidh cúig mhí dhéag den chogaíocht. Bhí fainic curtha ag na Náisiúin Aontaithe ar Iosrael go bhfuil muintir Gaza i mbaol gorta.<ref name=":0" />
Ar an 2 Bealtaine 2025, ionsaíodh long de chuid ''Gaza Freedom Flotilla'' nach raibh armtha, in uiscí 17 muirmhíle amach ó chósta Mhálta in uiscí idirnáisiúnta. Tháinig longa eile i dtarrtháil ar an long fóirithinte, a bhí trí thine. <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://countercurrents.org/2025/05/flotilla-coalition-ship-to-gaza-attacked-in-international-waters/|teideal=Flotilla Coalition Ship To Gaza Attacked In International Waters{{!}} Countercurrents|dáta=2025-05-03|language=en-US|dátarochtana=2025-05-03}}</ref> Chuaigh fórsaí armtha Mhálta i gcabhair orthu freisin, agus gach duine a bhí ar bord slán sábháilte.<ref name=":0" />
Féach ar: [[Gaza Freedom Flotilla, 2025|Gaza Freedom Flotilla, Meitheamh 2025]]
[[Íomhá:Eco-activist Greta Thunberg's protest in front of the UN office (COP-29), Yerevan, Armenia, 3.jpg|clé|mion|Greta Thunberg in 2024]]
[[Íomhá:Freedom Flotilla 2.png|clé|mion|scigphictiúr de Carlos Latuff<ref>https://x.com/LatuffCartoons/status/1931788969055850981</ref>]]
== Eachtra ==
Bhí ordú tugtha ó Aire Cosanta Iosrael d'arm na tíre gan ligean don 'Madleen' Stráice Gaza a bhaint amach.<ref name=":1" /> Ar an 8 Meitheamh 2025, bhí seilbh gafa ag fórsaí míleata Iosrael ar an luamh carthanachta amach ó chósta Gaza. Bhí lastas beag soláthairtí daonchabhrach ar an mbád – rís agus púdar bainne den chuid is mó – siombail, a deir na gníomhaithe, ar an gcuidiú atá de dhíth go géar ar mhuintir Gaza.
Dháréag a bhí ar an mbád, an feachtasóir aitheanta aeráide ón tSualainn [[Greta Thunberg]] ina measc. Aird a tharraingt ar an ngéarchéim dhaonnúil in Gaza ab ea príomhaidhm na bhfeachtasóirí agus fios maith acu nach ligfeadh na hIosraelaigh dóibh ceann scríbe a bhaint amach.
Dúirt na hIosraelaigh nach raibh ar bun ag na feachtasóirí ach gníomh bolscaireachta ar son Hamas. Dheimhnigh na hIosraelaigh go raibh an luamh á tabhairt go calafort in Iosrael agus dúradh go seolfaí ar ais chun a dtíortha féin na daoine atá ar bord uirthi.
Mar leis na soláthairtí daonchabhrach, dúirt na hIosraelaigh go ndáilfí iad ar dhaoine in Gaza in am trátha.
Ní raibh Ciste Leanaí na Náisiún Aontaithe dóchasach, áfach, go dtiocfaí i gcabhair ar mhuintir Gaza sula mbeidh sé ina ghorta críochnaithe ann.
== Féach freisin ==
* [[Cogadh Iosrael-Gaza]]
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
[[Catagóir:2025]]
[[Catagóir:Cogadh Iosrael-Gaza]]
[[Catagóir:Eachtraí muirí]]
[[Catagóir:An tSicil]]
[[Catagóir:Greta Thunberg]]
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Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta i gContae Corcaigh
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Bhog Marcas.oduinn an leathanach [[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta i gContae Corcaigh]] go [[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta i gContae Chorcaí]]: Misspelled title: Gramadach
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#athsheoladh [[:Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí Náisiúnta i gContae Chorcaí]]
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Bhog Marcas.oduinn an leathanach [[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí náisiúnta i gContae Laois]] go [[Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí náisiúnta i gContae Laoise]]: Misspelled title: Gramadach
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#athsheoladh [[:Catagóir:Séadchomharthaí náisiúnta i gContae Laoise]]
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Ag athdhíriú go [[Comhairle Cathrach Lios na gCearrbhach agus an Caisleán Riabhach]]
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#athsheoladh [[Comhairle Cathrach Lios na gCearrbhach agus an Caisleán Riabhach]]
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