Vicipéid gawiki https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADomhleathanach MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.8 first-letter Meán Speisialta Plé Úsáideoir Plé úsáideora Vicipéid Plé Vicipéide Íomhá Plé íomhá MediaWiki Plé MediaWiki Teimpléad Plé teimpléid Cabhair Plé cabhrach Catagóir Plé catagóire TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2557 1272722 1235896 2025-07-05T09:08:03Z TGcoa 21229 1272722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}Eagraíocht mhíleata ab ea '''Arm Cathartha na hÉireann''' (Béarla: ''Irish Citizen Army'', giorrúchán: ''ICA'') ar bhunaigh [[James Larkin]], [[Jack White]], [[Séamus Ó Conghaile]] agus daoine eile í sa bhliain 1913 leis an lucht oibre a chosaint ar lámh láidir Phóilíní Chathair Bhaile Átha Cliath.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.nli.ie/1916/exhibition/ga/content/stagesetters/other/jimlarkin/|teideal=Iad Siúd a Raibh Pleananna Eile Acu: Páirtí an Lucht Oibre: Jim Larkin agus Arm Cathartha na hÉireann|údar=National Library of Ireland - 1916 Exhibition|dáta=2016|work=www.nli.ie|dátarochtana=2021-11-19}}</ref> Ba é [[19 Samhain]] [[1913]] lá bunaithe na heagraíochta<ref> (nó an 23 Samhain, de réir foinsí eile</ref>), le linn [[Frithdhúnadh 1913|an Fhrithdhúnta]]. [[Íomhá:Plough_and_Stars_flag.svg|mion|An [[Camchéachta (bratach)|Camchéachta]], an bhratach shóisialach, Arm Cathartha na hÉireann|clé|220x220px]] [[Íomhá:Irish_Citizen_Army_on_Rooftop.jpg|mion|Baill de chuid Airm Cathartha na hÉireann|clé|220x220px]] [[Íomhá:Irish_Citizen_Army_Group_Liberty_Hall_Dublin_1914.jpg|mion|Grúpa d'Arm Cathartha na hÉireann, Halla na Saoirse, Baile Átha Cliath 1914|clé|220x220px]][[Íomhá:Connolly.james.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Séamas Ó Conghaile]].|clé]] == Eagraíocht == Tar éis an fhrithdhúnta, bhí an t-arm lonnaithe i bPáirc Croydon, agus iad ag druileáil agus ag máirseáil sa tréimhse roimh [[Éirí Amach na Cásca]]. Bhí 350 ball san eagraíocht, a bheag nó a mhór, agus baint ag a bhformhór le ceardchumann éigin. Ba é an mana a bhí acu ná ''Ní don Rí ná don Kaiser a thugaimid dílseacht, ach d'Éirinn'', is é sin níor thug an mana aitheantas d'aon difríocht idir an Rí agus an ''Kaiser'' (is é sin, Impire na Gearmáine) - bhí an bheirt acu chomh coimhthíoch le chéile ó thaobh na hÉireann de, nó sin é an teachtaireacht a bhí ann. Bhí sainéide dá gcuid féin ag lucht an Airm seo agus iad ag déanamh a gcuid traenála go hoscailte. Mhaígh an Captaen Jack White, a bhí i bhfeighil ar dhruileáil na bhfear, go mbeadh meas acu orthu féin mar phobal.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://researchrepository.ucd.ie/rest/bitstreams/45175/retrieve|teideal=DEICH mBLIANA na gCUIMHNEACHÁN|údar=ucd.ie|dáta=2016|dátarochtana=2021}}</ref> Ba é an [[Camchéachta|céachta]] an tsiombail a bhí le feiceáil ar bhrat Arm Cathartha na hÉireann.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/tuarasc%C3%A1il/t%C3%A1-ceacht-le-foghlaim-againn-%C3%B3n-ch%C3%A9achta-1.2793581|teideal=Tá ceacht le foghlaim againn ón chéachta|údar=Cathal de Paor|language=ga|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2021-11-19}}</ref> Sheas an Camchéachta mar shiombail don tSóisialachas Éireannach mar a tuigeadh don Chongaileach é, agus ba é ab impleacht don tsiombail ná, nuair a bhainfeadh Éire amach a saoirse, go mbeadh cumhacht aici agus ag a muintir ar a cinniúint féin ón talamh aníos go réaltaí na spéire féin. Bhí roinnt gunnaí faighte faoi rún acu, a coimeádadh i gceanncheathrú an ITGWU ([[Ceardchumann Iompair agus Ilsaothair na hÉireann]]) i [[Halla na Saoirse]], gar do [[Teach an Chustaim|Theach an Chustaim.]] == 1914–1916 == Chuaigh Larkin go dtí na Stáit Aontaithe go luath sa bhliain 1914. Chuaigh Séamas Ó Conghaile<ref>Bhí dearcadh láidir sóisialach ag an gConghaileach, ach ba thírghráthóir é freisin agus chuaigh sé i bpáirt le h[[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1913-1919)|Óglaigh na hÉireann]] in [[Éirí Amach na Cásca]].</ref> i gceannas ar an Arm Chathartha sa bhliain 1914 agus rinne é a atheagrú le heagraíocht mhíleata réabhlóideach a dhéanamh de. Bhí an tArm Cathartha, faoin Chonghaileach, ina eagraíocht shóisialach phoblachtach a thacaigh le smaoineamh an éirí amach armtha agus bhí siad ag easaontú leis na daoine a bhí ag iarraidh moill a chur ar an Éirí Amach.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ccea.org.uk/downloads/docs/ccea-asset/Resource/%20Lesson%202%3A%20Aims%20and%20ideals%20of%20the%20Rebels%20%28IM%29.pdf|teideal=ÉIRÍ AMACH NA CÁSCA: AIDHMEANNA AGUS IDÉIL NA REIBILIÚNACH|údar=ccea.org.uk|dátarochtana=2021|archivedate=2021-11-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119225559/https://ccea.org.uk/downloads/docs/ccea-asset/Resource/%20Lesson%202%3A%20Aims%20and%20ideals%20of%20the%20Rebels%20%28IM%29.pdf}}</ref> Bhí [[Michael Mullins|Michael Mallin]] ina Cheann Foirne i gceannas ar an Arm níos déanaí. Ba é a bhí i gceannas le linn [[Éirí Amach na Cásca|Éirí Amach 1916]]. Bhí an tArm Cathartha go mór i bhfách le gníomh armtha sa bhliain 1916.<ref name=":0" /> == Féach freisin == * [[Ceardchumann Iompair agus Ilsaothair na hÉireann]] * [[Constáblacht Ríoga na hÉireann]] * [[Camchéachta (Bratach)|An Camchéachta (Bratach)]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Sóisialaithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Éirí Amach na Cásca]] [[Catagóir:Arm na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Ceardchumainn na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:1910idí in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:1970idí in Éirinn]] fz6jpsis6rr1sevq0ocdqi4yz4m3enc 1272723 1272722 2025-07-05T09:08:38Z TGcoa 21229 /* Tagairtí */ 1272723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}}Eagraíocht mhíleata ab ea '''Arm Cathartha na hÉireann''' (Béarla: ''Irish Citizen Army'', giorrúchán: ''ICA'') ar bhunaigh [[James Larkin]], [[Jack White]], [[Séamus Ó Conghaile]] agus daoine eile í sa bhliain 1913 leis an lucht oibre a chosaint ar lámh láidir Phóilíní Chathair Bhaile Átha Cliath.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.nli.ie/1916/exhibition/ga/content/stagesetters/other/jimlarkin/|teideal=Iad Siúd a Raibh Pleananna Eile Acu: Páirtí an Lucht Oibre: Jim Larkin agus Arm Cathartha na hÉireann|údar=National Library of Ireland - 1916 Exhibition|dáta=2016|work=www.nli.ie|dátarochtana=2021-11-19}}</ref> Ba é [[19 Samhain]] [[1913]] lá bunaithe na heagraíochta<ref> (nó an 23 Samhain, de réir foinsí eile</ref>), le linn [[Frithdhúnadh 1913|an Fhrithdhúnta]]. [[Íomhá:Plough_and_Stars_flag.svg|mion|An [[Camchéachta (bratach)|Camchéachta]], an bhratach shóisialach, Arm Cathartha na hÉireann|clé|220x220px]] [[Íomhá:Irish_Citizen_Army_on_Rooftop.jpg|mion|Baill de chuid Airm Cathartha na hÉireann|clé|220x220px]] [[Íomhá:Irish_Citizen_Army_Group_Liberty_Hall_Dublin_1914.jpg|mion|Grúpa d'Arm Cathartha na hÉireann, Halla na Saoirse, Baile Átha Cliath 1914|clé|220x220px]][[Íomhá:Connolly.james.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Séamas Ó Conghaile]].|clé]] == Eagraíocht == Tar éis an fhrithdhúnta, bhí an t-arm lonnaithe i bPáirc Croydon, agus iad ag druileáil agus ag máirseáil sa tréimhse roimh [[Éirí Amach na Cásca]]. Bhí 350 ball san eagraíocht, a bheag nó a mhór, agus baint ag a bhformhór le ceardchumann éigin. Ba é an mana a bhí acu ná ''Ní don Rí ná don Kaiser a thugaimid dílseacht, ach d'Éirinn'', is é sin níor thug an mana aitheantas d'aon difríocht idir an Rí agus an ''Kaiser'' (is é sin, Impire na Gearmáine) - bhí an bheirt acu chomh coimhthíoch le chéile ó thaobh na hÉireann de, nó sin é an teachtaireacht a bhí ann. Bhí sainéide dá gcuid féin ag lucht an Airm seo agus iad ag déanamh a gcuid traenála go hoscailte. Mhaígh an Captaen Jack White, a bhí i bhfeighil ar dhruileáil na bhfear, go mbeadh meas acu orthu féin mar phobal.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://researchrepository.ucd.ie/rest/bitstreams/45175/retrieve|teideal=DEICH mBLIANA na gCUIMHNEACHÁN|údar=ucd.ie|dáta=2016|dátarochtana=2021}}</ref> Ba é an [[Camchéachta|céachta]] an tsiombail a bhí le feiceáil ar bhrat Arm Cathartha na hÉireann.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/tuarasc%C3%A1il/t%C3%A1-ceacht-le-foghlaim-againn-%C3%B3n-ch%C3%A9achta-1.2793581|teideal=Tá ceacht le foghlaim againn ón chéachta|údar=Cathal de Paor|language=ga|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2021-11-19}}</ref> Sheas an Camchéachta mar shiombail don tSóisialachas Éireannach mar a tuigeadh don Chongaileach é, agus ba é ab impleacht don tsiombail ná, nuair a bhainfeadh Éire amach a saoirse, go mbeadh cumhacht aici agus ag a muintir ar a cinniúint féin ón talamh aníos go réaltaí na spéire féin. Bhí roinnt gunnaí faighte faoi rún acu, a coimeádadh i gceanncheathrú an ITGWU ([[Ceardchumann Iompair agus Ilsaothair na hÉireann]]) i [[Halla na Saoirse]], gar do [[Teach an Chustaim|Theach an Chustaim.]] == 1914–1916 == Chuaigh Larkin go dtí na Stáit Aontaithe go luath sa bhliain 1914. Chuaigh Séamas Ó Conghaile<ref>Bhí dearcadh láidir sóisialach ag an gConghaileach, ach ba thírghráthóir é freisin agus chuaigh sé i bpáirt le h[[Óglaigh na hÉireann (1913-1919)|Óglaigh na hÉireann]] in [[Éirí Amach na Cásca]].</ref> i gceannas ar an Arm Chathartha sa bhliain 1914 agus rinne é a atheagrú le heagraíocht mhíleata réabhlóideach a dhéanamh de. Bhí an tArm Cathartha, faoin Chonghaileach, ina eagraíocht shóisialach phoblachtach a thacaigh le smaoineamh an éirí amach armtha agus bhí siad ag easaontú leis na daoine a bhí ag iarraidh moill a chur ar an Éirí Amach.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ccea.org.uk/downloads/docs/ccea-asset/Resource/%20Lesson%202%3A%20Aims%20and%20ideals%20of%20the%20Rebels%20%28IM%29.pdf|teideal=ÉIRÍ AMACH NA CÁSCA: AIDHMEANNA AGUS IDÉIL NA REIBILIÚNACH|údar=ccea.org.uk|dátarochtana=2021|archivedate=2021-11-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119225559/https://ccea.org.uk/downloads/docs/ccea-asset/Resource/%20Lesson%202%3A%20Aims%20and%20ideals%20of%20the%20Rebels%20%28IM%29.pdf}}</ref> Bhí [[Michael Mullins|Michael Mallin]] ina Cheann Foirne i gceannas ar an Arm níos déanaí. Ba é a bhí i gceannas le linn [[Éirí Amach na Cásca|Éirí Amach 1916]]. Bhí an tArm Cathartha go mór i bhfách le gníomh armtha sa bhliain 1916.<ref name=":0" /> == Féach freisin == * [[Ceardchumann Iompair agus Ilsaothair na hÉireann]] * [[Constáblacht Ríoga na hÉireann]] * [[Camchéachta (Bratach)|An Camchéachta (Bratach)]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Sóisialaithe Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Éirí Amach na Cásca]] [[Catagóir:Arm na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:Ceardchumainn na hÉireann]] [[Catagóir:1910idí in Éirinn]] h2qa3hdo9iefufueece9901dcqj40q0 0 4148 1272737 1187505 2025-07-05T11:16:56Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1272737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Coinbhleacht Mhíleata}} Troideadh '''Cath na Bóinne''' sa bhliain [[1690]], agus tá sé ar na cathanna is mó a troideadh riamh in [[Éire|Éirinn]]. Sa bhliain [[1660]] tháinig Rí [[Séarlas II Shasana]] i gcoróin, tar éis ré [[Oilibhéar Cromail|Chromail]]. Bhíothas i ndiaidh an chuid is mó d'Éirinn a chur i seilbh tiarnaí talún Protastúnacha faoin am seo. Tháinig an Rí [[Séamus II Shasana]] i réimeas i [[1685]], rí a raibh cáil an [[Caitliceachas|Chaitliceachais]] air, ach trí bliana dár gcionn tháinig [[Liam III Shasana|Liam Oráiste]] i dtír i [[Sasana]], tar éis dó cuireadh a fháil ón bParlaimint glacadh le coróin Shasana. I [[1689]] tháinig an Rí Séamus go hÉirinn. === Geopholaitíocht === D’fhéadfadh sé gurb é an cath seo an ceann is cáiliúla i stair na hÉireann ach ba é ba chúis leis ná dhá rud a tharla lasmuigh d’Éirinn.<ref name=":1">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://100objects.ie/king-williams-gauntlets/?lang=ga|teideal=Lámhainní Fada an Rí Liam|údar=100|dáta=2019-05-27|language=en|work=100 Objects|dátarochtana=2022-09-16|archivedate=2021-06-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616013213/https://100objects.ie/king-williams-gauntlets/?lang=ga}}</ref> Sa bhliain 1669, chuir Séamas an pharlaimint agus na huaisle ina aghaidh nuair a thiontaigh sé ina Chaitliceach agus nuair a dhearbhaigh sé cearta iomlánacha na monarcachta.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.royal.uk/james-ii|teideal=James II (r.1685-1688)|údar=connie.fisher|dáta=2016-02-26|language=en|work=The Royal Family|dátarochtana=2022-09-16}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://100objects.ie/king-williams-gauntlets/?lang=ga|teideal=Lámhainní Fada an Rí Liam|údar=100|dáta=2019-05-27|language=en|work=100 Objects|dátarochtana=2022-09-16|archivedate=2021-06-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616013213/https://100objects.ie/king-williams-gauntlets/?lang=ga}}</ref> Sa bhliain 1672, rinne [[Louis XIV na Fraince|Rí Louis na Fraince]] ionradh ar [[Dúiche na Réine|Phalaitíneacht na Réine]] agus ar an [[An Ísiltír|Ísiltír]].<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Dutch-War|teideal=Dutch War {{!}} 1672–1678 {{!}} Britannica|language=en|work=www.britannica.com|dátarochtana=2022-09-16}}</ref> Tháinig [[Liam III Shasana|Liam Oráiste]] chun cinn mar phearsa thábhachtach sa chomhghuaillíocht leathan a tháinig chun cinn in aghaidh na Fraince mar thoradh ar an ionradh sin. Snaidhmeadh an dá shaincheist sin le chéile mar aon ábhar amháin nuair a tháinig Liam, ar nia agus cliamhain Shéamais é, go Sasana i mí na Samhna 1688 agus 15,000 saighdiúir in éineacht leis. Corónaíodh é féin agus a bhean chéile, Máire, iníon Shéamais, mar rí agus mar bhanríon. Tháinig a mhac céile, [[Liam III Shasana|Liam Oráiste]] (nó [[Liam III Shasana|Liam III]]) agus a iníon Máire i gcomharbacht air nuair a cuireadh as cumhacht é i Sasana.<ref name=":1" /> [[Íomhá:De slag aan de Boyne (Ierland) tussen Jacobus II en Willem III, 12 juli 1690 Rijksmuseum SK-A-605.jpeg|clé|mion|le Jan van Huchtenburgh, 1733 sa Rijksmuseum]] === Feachtas in Éirinn === Tháinig Rí Séamas i dtír in Éirinn i mí an Mhárta 1689 agus 6,000 saighdiúir Francach in éineacht leis mar iarracht a choróin a fháil ar ais arís.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.pleanala.ie/publicaccess/PCI/PCI1/PCI0001/03%20-%20EirGrid%20North%20South%20Interconnector%20Project%20Application%20File%20June%202015/AppPartTwo/Gaeilge/3C/Imleabhar_3C_Caibidil_014_Oidhreacht_Chult%C3%BArtha.pdf|teideal=Cath na Bóinne|údar=pleanala.ie|dátarochtana=2022}}</ref> I ndiaidh an ratha i dtosach báire i nDroim Mór, thig leis na Seacaibítigh gabháil leo ó thuaidh agus Béal Feirste a chur faoina smacht. Ba ag Caisleán na Croma an 28 Iúil 1689, i ngar d‘Inis Ceithleann, a fuarthas an tréanlámh in uachtar ar na Seacaibítigh den chéad uair. ==== An cath ==== [[Íomhá:Slag aan de Boyne, 1690 Victorie des Koninghs William in Yerland Bevochten tegen Koningh Jacobus (titel op object), RP-P-OB-82.625.jpg|clé|mion]] Go deimhin, ba é cath na Bóinne, a raibh 36,000 saighdiúir ar thaobh Liam agus 25,000 saighdiúir ar thaobh Shéamais páirteach ann, an cath ba mhó a troideadh riamh roimhe sin ar thalamh na hÉireann.<ref name=":1" /> Cath pan-Eorpach a bhí ann mar go raibh saighdiúirí as an Ísiltír, as an Danmhairg, as an nGearmáin, as an Iorua agus as an bPolainn páirteach ann, gan trácht ar na saighdiúirí as an mBreatain agus as Éirinn. [[Íomhá:BOYNE River-site of Battle - panoramio.jpg|clé|mion|an suíomh]] Bhí Francaigh ag troid ar an dá thaobh, is é sin, roinnt Protastúnach [[Úgónaigh|Úgónach]] ag troid ar son Liam agus arm 6,500 saighdiúir a chuir Louis ar fáil chun tacú le Séamas. Ar deireadh bhuail Liam fórsaí Shéamuis ag Cath na Bóinne, a troideadh ar an [[1 Iúil]] nó – san fhéilire nua – ar an [[12 Iúil]] 1690.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.battleoftheboyne.ie/thebattleoftheboyne/|teideal=Battle of the Boyne|údar=battleoftheboyne.ie|dátarochtana=2022|archivedate=2009-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221155114/http://www.battleoftheboyne.ie/thebattleoftheboyne/}}</ref> 'Séamas an chaca' a tugadh ar an Rí Séamas II nuair a 'rith sé' as Cath na Bóinne.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/nach-granna-e-ni-raibh-se-mile-o-chac-bo-ariamh/|teideal=Nach gránna é? Ní raibh sé míle ó chac bó ariamh…|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2022-09-16}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Battle of the Boyne Cottage, Donore - geograph.org.uk - 491581.jpg|clé|mion|Donoreː lárionad inniu]] === Iarmhairtí === Dá bhrí sin, ní raibh Cath na Bóinne cinntitheach: bhí [[Cath Eachroma]], a tharla i mí Iúil 1691, i bhfad níos fuiltí agus bhí sé níos críochnaithí.<ref name=":1" /> {{Main|Cath Eachroma}} Ná ní raibh i gCath na Bóinne ach bua simplí seicteach a bhfuil cáil air ó shin: ba Chaitlicigh iad rúidtrúpaí Liam, is e sin, an Garda Gorm Dúitseach, agus i measc a chuid comhghuaillithe áiríodh an [[Cathair na Vatacáine|Vatacáin]] agus [[Vín]], inar canadh ''Te Deum'' chun bua na Bóinne a cheiliúradh. Os a choinne sin, d’fhan cuid mhór den ordlathas Protastúnach dílis do Shéamas. Dá ainneoin sin, ós rud é go raibh an dá rí i láthair, tugadh cumhacht mhiotasach do Chath na Bóinne agus, sa deireadh, ba é sin ba chúis le toradh an chatha a thiontú ina bhua Protastúnach. Chinntigh bua na nUilliamaíteach in Éirinn go mbeadh an lámh in uachtar ag an mBreatain agus ag Protastúnaigh ar Éirinn [[Íomhá:Oldbridge House, Battle of the Boyne Visitor Centre near Drogheda (geograph 4637130).jpg|clé|mion|Oldbridge House ː lárionad inniu]] Tar éis Chath na Bóinne, rinneadh plandáil in [[Cúige Uladh|Ultaibh]] de thiarnaí talún agus de thionóntaí as [[Sasana]] agus as [[Albain]]. {{Main|Plandáil Uladh}} [[Íomhá:William of Orange • Battle of the Boyne • 1690 (27240788967).jpg|clé|mion]] === Léirmhíniú === Ba é seo an phlandáil ba threise riamh a rinneadh in Éirinn, agus féachann a síol siúd, [[Aontachtóirí|Aontachtaithe]] agus [[Protastúnachas|Protastúnaigh]], siar ar Chath na Bóinne le lúcháir, mar gurbh é bua an Rí Liam ar an Rí Séamus a thug tús áite don Phrotastúnachas i Sasana agus in Éirinn ón lá sin i leith. Bíonn máirseáil ar fud [[Cúige Uladh|Chúige Uladh]] i mí [[Iúil]], go háirithe ar an 12ú lá, ag an bpobal Aontachtach le comóradh a dhéanamh ar Chath na Bóinne. Le deireanas, cheannaigh rialtas [[Poblacht na hÉireann|Phoblacht na hÉireann]] suíomh an chatha <ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Government to buy the site of the Battle of the Boyne|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/1999/1205/4569-boyne/|date=1999-12-05|language=en|author=RTÉ news}}</ref> chun forbairt turasóireachta stairiúla a dhéanamh air, éacht a leanann as [[Comhaontú Aoine an Chéasta]]. == Féach freisin == * [[Cath Eachroma]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} == Naisc Sheachtracha == * [http://www.battleoftheboyne.ie/ Suíomh gréasáin oifigiúil le comóradh stairiúil a dhéanamh ar an gcath] [[Catagóir:Cathanna in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:Cathanna Chogadh an Dá Rí|Bóinne]] [[Catagóir:Contae Lú]] [[Catagóir:Plandáil Uladh]] [[Catagóir:1690]] hzsny959ahkr1kyqt8gzcg4x07d16y5 0 7100 1272697 1264382 2025-07-05T01:34:10Z 93.107.49.92 1272697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}} Is [[baile fearainn]] é '''Doirí Beaga'''<ref name='Logainm'>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1414071|title=Doirí Beaga/Derrybeg {{!}} logainm.ie|publisher=[[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]]|access-date=2023-06-24|language=ga|work=[[Logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (Logainm.ie)}}</ref> atá suite i bparóiste [[An Ghaeltacht|Gaeltachta]] [[Gaoth Dobhair|Ghaoth Dobhair]], in iarthuaisceart [[Contae Dhún na nGall|Thír Chonaill]]. Tá ciall faoi léith ag baint leis an logainm Na Doirí Beaga a léiríonn na crainn daracha beaga uilig atá i láthair ann.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.logainm.ie/en/1414071?s=Doir%u00ed+Beaga|teideal=Doirí Beaga/Derrybeg|language=en|work=Logainm.ie|dátarochtana=2019-12-05}}</ref> Martiín óg [[Íomhá:Sean_Teach_Phobail_na_Doirí_Beaga.jpg|mion|Seanteach an Phobail, an áit a gabhadh an tAthair Séamus Mac Pháidín ar an Dhomhnach 3ú Feabhra 1889<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4428395/4403968/4512408?transcribe=true|teideal=Tuilteacha · Gort an Choirce · The Schools' Collection|language=en|work=dúchas.ie|dátarochtana=2025-04-25}}</ref>]] [[Íomhá:Derrybegchurch.jpg|mion|[[Teach Pobail Mhuire (Doirí Beaga)|Teach an Phobail,]] 1972-2025]] == Teanga == Tá an [[An Ghaeilge|Ghaeilge]] mar phríomhtheanga ag muintir na Doirí Beaga, cé go dtuigtear an Bhéarla chomh maith. Meallann an Ghaeilge na mílte turasóirí agus scoláirí achan bhliain le freastal ar choláistí samhraidh, lena cuid scileanna teanga a fheabhsú. Tá an oideachas go léir i ionaid oideachas Na Doirí Beaga curtha ar fáil tré mheán na Gaeilge. Bíonn na seirbhísí reiligiúnacha i [[Teach Pobail Mhuire (Doirí Beaga)|Teach Phobail Mhuire]], Na Doirí Beaga, curtha i láthair tré mheán na Gaeilge chomh maith.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.gaothdobhair.ie/en/tourist-attractions-gweedore/the-irish-language|teideal=The Irish Language, Gweedore {{!}} Gweedore, the heart of the Donegal Gaeltacht|language=en-ie|work=www.gaothdobhair.ie|dátarochtana=2019-12-05|archivedate=2019-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205185611/https://www.gaothdobhair.ie/en/tourist-attractions-gweedore/the-irish-language}}</ref> == Stair an Cheantair == Le linn Chogadh na Talamh sna 1880í, bhí muintir Na Doirí Beaga faoi stiúir an tAthair Seamus Mac Pháidín, a ghríosaigh lucht an pharóiste tacaíocht a thabhairt do [[Conradh na Talún|Chonradh na Talún]] agus do phlean an fheachtas. I ndiaidh shraith do sheanmóir frithiarna talún, d’ordaigh an giúistís cónaitheach go mbeadh an tAthair Mac Pháidín gabhtha. Ar an Dhomhnach 3ú Feabhra 1889, tháinig cigire dúiche [[Constáblacht Ríoga na hÉireann|Chonstáblacht Ríoga na hÉireann]], William Limbrick Martin, a bhí aithne ar go háitiúil mar an Mháirtínigh, go [[Teach Pobail Mhuire (Doirí Beaga)|Teach Phobail Mhuire]] na Doirí Beaga, le rún sé sin gabháil a dhéanamh ar an tAthair Mac Pháidín díreach i ndiaidh an aifrinn. Nuair a bhí an tAthair Mac Pháidín ag fágáil an teach phobail, bhí sé go fóill cóirithe in a chuid éide sagairt agus bhí sé ag iompar an [[eocairist]] sa cuach abhlann. Nuair a chonaic an Mháirtínigh an tAthair Mac Pháidín, tharraing sé a chlaíomh agus chuaigh sé in éadan an [[sagart]] agus an lann ardaithe. Cuireadh scáth ar lucht an pharóiste mar go raibh an Mháirtínigh ag déanamh ionsaí ar an tAthair Mac Pháidín le claíomh agus rinne siad ionsaí cheana féin ar na gardaí. Bhí an cigire dúiche an Mháirtínigh buailte go dona agus fuair sé bás láithreach. Gabhadh an tAthair Mac Pháidín agus lucht an pharóiste agus cuireadh chun triail iad fá choinne dúnmharú den chéad ghrád. Bhí an t-aistriúchán de láthair na trialach bronnta do chúisitheoirí chorónach, cé a raibh céad acu an ghiúiré a phacáil le [[Protastúnach]]. Ina thráchtas i 1928, rinne Tim Healy, a chosain an tAthair Mac Phaidín agus lucht an pharóiste, cur síos ar an dóigh a d’áitigh sé an chás ag an triail. Mheabhraigh Healy don chúirt, faoi dlí [[Sasana|Shasanach]], gur cion [[pionós an bháis]] a bhí ann breitheamh a bhualadh ina fhallaing. Mhínigh sé, do [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Chaitlicigh]] Thír Chonaill, gur cóir níos measa é, ionsaí a dhéanamh ar shagart ina chuid éadaí sagart. Mar fhreagairt ar ráiteas Healy, ghabh na cúisitheoirí chorónach margadh pléadáil a sheachain pionós báis an chosantóir. Gearradh an tAthair Mac Pháidín do phrintíseacht agus fuair lucht an pharóiste pianbhreithe de chéimeanna éagsúla. Cuireadh an Mháirtínigh i reilig [[Eaglais na hÉireann]] i mBéal Átha Seanaidh, faoi inscríbhinn a rinne cur síos ar a bhás trí bheith “dúnmharaithe go cruálach fhad is a bhí sé ag déanamh a dhualgas go uasal sna Doirí Beaga.”<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.irishtourist.com/donegal/towns/derrybeg/|teideal=Derrybeg, Co. Donegal|work=www.irishtourist.com|dátarochtana=2019-12-05|archivedate=2019-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205195511/http://www.irishtourist.com/donegal/towns/derrybeg/}}</ref> == Eacnamaíocht == Tá Páirc Ghnó Ghaoth Dobhair lonnaithe i mbaile fearainn Na Doirí Beaga. Sa bhliain 2003, nuair a athainmníodh an pháirc ghnó ó eastát thionsclaíochta Ghaoth Dobhair, thosaigh an comhlacht, [[Údarás na Gaeltachta]], feachtas le iarracht a dhéanamh comhlachtaí ghnó a mhealladh go dtí an pháirc ghnó agus go Gaoth Dobhair, agus na Doirí Beaga go háirithe. Rinne siad seo leis an eacnamaíocht áitiúil a athbhunadh. Bhí siad ag iarraidh an pháirc ghnó a bheith cosúil leis an thionscail monarcha rathúil a bhí ann sna 1980í agus 1990í sula thosaigh an iomaíocht ag teacht ón Eoraip agus a chuir ar an gcuid is mhó dena monarcha seo druid sa bhliain 2001, de bharr de. Cailleadh 4,000 post agus bhí éifeacht mhór aige ar chúrsaí sóisialta agus eacnamaíochta, sna Doirí Beaga, i nGaoth Dobhair agus ar cheantair mhórthimpeall. I láthair na huaire, tá pháirc ghnó Ghaoth Dobhair ag dul ó bhláth go bláth agus tá méadú tagtha ar líon na postanna atá curtha ar fáil ar ag an bhomaite.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/economy/back-in-business-how-gweedore-is-rewriting-the-script-1.3176890|teideal=Back in business: How Gweedore is rewriting the script|údar=Caitriona McBride|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2019-12-05}}</ref> Tá gnóthaí éagsúla fite fuaite ar bhaile fearainn Na Doirí Beaga mar shampla, cúpla ollmhargadh, Siopa Mhicí agus Siopa Mholloy san áireamh, siopaí áise, dhá shiopa gruagaire, sciamheolaí, conraitheoirí, ceimiceoir, ionad sláinte, NowDoc,<ref>Magheragallan, F92 DN4X +0818 400 911</ref> tithe tábhairne, bialanna agus amharclann. ==Oideachas== '''''Bun leibhéal''''' [[Íomhá:Pictiúr de bhunscoil Mhuire, Na Doirí Beag.jpg|mion|An t-aon bhunscoil atá sa bhaile fearainn, Scoil Mhuire, na Doirí Beaga.]] [[Íomhá:Pobalscoilmor.jpg|mion|Grianghraf de Phobalscoil Ghaoth Dobhair.]]Tá [[bunscoil]] amháin lonnaithe sna Doirí Beaga, sé sin Scoil Mhuire Na Doirí Beaga. Tá 135 páiste cláraithe ar an bhunscoil agus tá gach slí den oideachas déanta trí mheán na Gaeilge.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.education.ie/en/find-a-school/School-Detail/?roll=14502D|teideal=School Detail|language=en|work=Department of Education and Skills|dátarochtana=2019-12-05}}</ref> '''''Meán leibhéal''''' Is [[Pobalscoil Ghaoth Dobhair]] an t-aon [[Meánscoil|mheánscoil]] i bparóiste Ghaoth Dobhair agus tá sé suite i mbaile fearainn na Doirí Beaga. Tá achan ghné de shaol na scoile reáchtáilte tré mheáin na Gaeilge ó thaobh an theagasc sa seomra ranga agus na scrúdaithe stáit de go dtí na himeachtaí uilig a bhíonn an scoil páirteach ann ó thaobh cúrsaí spóirt, eolaí óg, drámaíocht agus díospóireacht san áireamh.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.psgd.ie/|teideal=Pobalscoil Ghaoth Dobhair - Scoil lán Ghaelach i Dhún na nGall|language=wp-dev-ga|work=Pobalscoil Ghaoth Dobhair|dátarochtana=2019-12-05}}</ref> '''''Tríú leibhéal''''' Leathnaigh ionad de [[Ollscoil na hÉireann, Gaillimh|hOllscoil na hÉireann, Gaillimh]] go Gaoth Dobhair i suíomh de chuid Pháirc Ghnó Ghaoth Dobhair sna Doirí Beaga, nuair a d’oscail [[Acadamh na hOllscolaíochta Gaeilge]] sa bhliain 2004. Tá oideachas tríú leibhéal curtha ar fáil san Acadamh tré mheáin na Gaeilge do tharr 80 mac léinn achan bhliain. Tá roinnt dioplóma chomh maith le céim bhaitsiléara i staidéar gnó curtha ar fáil san Acadamh. I mbliana, chaith mic léinn atá i mbun céime sa Ghaeilge in Ollscoil na hÉireann Gaillimh seimeastar iomlán san Acadamh ar na Doirí Beaga, le feabhas a chur ar a scileanna teanga agus le taithí a fháil ar chultúr agus ar shaol comhaimseartha na Gaeilge. == Iompar == Cé nach bhfuil stáisiún oifigiúil iompair suite ar na Doirí Beaga, téann cuid mhór comhlachtaí busanna ar leithéidí Bus Feda a théann go [[Gaillimh]] agus go [[Glaschú]],<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://busfeda.ie/donegal-galway-timetable|teideal=Donegal - Galway Timetable {{!}} Bus Feda|work=busfeda.ie|dátarochtana=2019-12-05}}</ref> Bus John Mc Ginley a théann go [[Baile Átha Cliath]] <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.johnmcginley.com/timetable.html|teideal=John McGinley Coaches|work=www.johnmcginley.com|dátarochtana=2019-12-05|archivedate=2018-01-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114164725/http://www.johnmcginley.com/timetable.html}}</ref> agus Bus Patrick Gallagher a théann go [[Doire]] agus go [[Béal Feirste]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.gallagherscoaches.com/|teideal=Donegal Derry Belfast - Patrick Gallaghers Coaches, Gweedore, County Donegal|work=www.gallagherscoaches.com|dátarochtana=2019-12-05}}</ref> fríd na Doirí Beaga go laethúil. Bíonn stadanna faoi leith in áiteanna éagsúla sa bhaile fearainn ann ina stadann na busanna seo le paisinéirí a thógáil agus a thabhairt go dtí na bailte móra uilig.[[Íomhá:Cumann Luthchleas Gael Ghaoth Dobhair.jpg|mion|Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Ghaoth Dobhair]] == Spórt == Tá an spóirt mar pháirt lárnach i saol mhuintir na Doirí Beaga ó thaobh an [[Peil Ghaelach|pheil ghaelach]], [[sacar]] agus [[galf]] de, agus tá clubanna agus cumann pheil ghaelach, sacar agus galf lonnaithe sa bhaile fearainn chomh maith. '''''CLG Ghaoth Dobhair''''' Tá dlúthcheangal ag pobal Gaoth Dobhair ar fad, Na Doirí Beaga san áireamh, leis an Chumann Lúthchleas Gael agus an pheil Gaelach. Is fochumann láidir Gaelach agus Gaeltachta í [[CLG Ghaoth Dobhair]], atá suite i mbaile fearainn na Doirí Beaga, a thugann tús áite i gcónaí do bhunspriocanna an [[Cumann Lúthchleas Gael|Chumann lúthchleas Gael]], sé sin don teanga agus do chúrsaí cultúrtha agus oidhreachta a chuireann go mór leis an chultúr sa pharóiste.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.clgghaothdobhair.ie/|teideal=Baile|údar=admin|language=ga-IE|work=CLG Ghaoth Dobhair|dátarochtana=2019-12-05}}</ref> '''''Ceiltigh Ghaoth Dobhair''''' Tá club sacar Ceiltigh Ghaoth Dobhair suite ar an Screabán, ar na Doirí Beaga. Tá an chlub ar cheann de na chlubanna sacar is sine sa tír, agus tá sé ar an bhfód sula raibh deireadh leis an naoú haois déag ann. Tá an chlub ag dul ó neart go neart agus tá cuid mhór corn bainte acu thar na mblianta. Tá cuid mhór áiseanna a cur ar fáil ag an chlub fosta, le clubtheach úr, páirc astroturf faoi thuilshoilse, páirceanna imeartha lánmhéide agus staid úr atá i mbun tógála i láthair na huaire.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://gweedoreceltic.com/index.php/history/|teideal=History|údar=admin|language=en-US|work=Gweedore Celtic|dátarochtana=2019-12-05}}</ref> '''''Cumann Ghailf Ghaoth Dobhair''''' Tá Cumann Ghailf Ghaoth Dobhair suite i gcroí lár Ghaoth Dobhair, i Machaire Gáthlán, Na Doirí Beaga. Tá radharcanna atá gan teorainn ar dhoirse an chlubtheach. Ar thaobh amháin den chúrsa galf tá cladaigh gharbh [[An tAigéan Atlantach|Aigean an Atlantaigh]] Fhiáin agus na hoileán atá mórthimpeall den chósta le feiceáil, agus tá an taobh eile den chúrsa suite i scáth [[An Earagail|an Earagail.]] Tá an chúrsa é féin, atá ocht pholl déag ar fhad, greanta amach as tírdhreach nádúrtha agus tá sé ina luí in aice le cuid de na tránna is gleoite de chuid na tíre.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.gweedoregolfclub.com/|teideal=Home|language=en-GB|work=Gweedore Golf Club|dátarochtana=2019-12-05}}</ref> == Na hEalaíona == '''''An Cheoil''''' Tá an cheol agus an amhránaíocht thraidisiúnta ina pháirt lárnach de phobal Ghaoth Dobhair agus de bhaile fearainn Na Doirí Beaga fosta. Is léir nach bhfuil paróiste ar bith eile sa tír as a dtáinig amhránaithe chomh binn agus chomh cumasach, agus ceoltóirí thraidisiúnta chomh sárchumasach le leithéidí an pharóiste. Le blianta beaga anuas, tá rath agus bláth ar an cheol i measc aos óg an pharóiste, go háirithe i Scoil Cheoil na Crannóige, scoil ina neartaíodh an ghrúpa ceoil agus amhránaíochta thraidisiúnta An Crann Óg. Bíonn cleachtaithe An Crann Óg go léir bunaithe i bhfoirgnimh an Chrannóg ar na Doirí Beaga. Bunaíodh Scoil Cheoil na Crannóige, le deis a chur ar fáil do aos óg an cheantair uirlisí agus [[Ceol traidisiúnta na hÉireann|ceol thraidisiúnta]] a fhoghlaim.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://crannog.ie/gaoth-dobhair/ceol/|teideal=Ceol {{!}} Comharchumann Forbartha Ghaoth Dobhair|language=en-GB|dátarochtana=2019-12-05|archivedate=2019-11-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105231312/http://crannog.ie/gaoth-dobhair/ceol/}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Amharclann4.jpg|mion|Amharclann Ghaoth Dobhair a athosclaíodh sa bhliain 2017.]] '''''Amharclann Ghaoth Dobhair''''' Athosclaíodh [[Amharclann Ghaoth Dobhair]] sa bhliain 2017. Is í an príomhaidhm atá ag na hAmharclainne, ná an Ghaeilge, an cultúr agus na healaíona sa pharóiste agus sna Doirí Beaga a chothú agus a chaomhnú. Tá Amharclann Ghaoth Dobhair ar an t-aon Amharclann Ghaeilge atá suite i gcroí lár na Gaeltachta ó cheann ceann na tíre. Tá cur chuige ag na hAmharclainne maidir le bheith ina lárionad ealaíne do mhuintir na Doirí Beaga agus do phobal Ghaoth Dobhair go ginearálta. Bíonn go leor léiriúcháin, drámaí agus ceolchoirmeacha éagsúla ar siúl san Amharclann achan deireadh seachtaine,<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.amharclann.com/|teideal=Amharclann Ghaoth Dobhair – Amharclann Ghaeilge i gcroí lár na Gaeltachta|language=en-GB|dátarochtana=2019-12-05}}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Teach Pobail Mhuire (Doirí Beaga)|Teach Pobail Mhuire]] * [[:Catagóir:Gaoth Dobhair agus an ceantar máguaird|Gaoth Dobhair agus an ceantar máguaird]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} [[Catagóir:Bailte i gContae Dhún na nGall]] [[Catagóir:Doirí Beaga]] [[Catagóir:Gaeltacht Thír Chonaill]] [[Catagóir:Gaoth Dobhair agus an ceantar máguaird]] mgg6zcee62gi6qw4t07e3k9sjrcschg 1272698 1272697 2025-07-05T01:35:15Z 93.107.49.92 Martin 1272698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}} Is [[baile fearainn]] é '''Doirí Beaga'''<ref name='Logainm'>{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1414071|title=Doirí Beaga/Derrybeg {{!}} logainm.ie|publisher=[[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]]|access-date=2023-06-24|language=ga|work=[[Logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (Logainm.ie)}}</ref> atá suite i bparóiste [[An Ghaeltacht|Gaeltachta]] [[Gaoth Dobhair|Ghaoth Dobhair]], in iarthuaisceart [[Contae Dhún na nGall|Thír Chonaill]]. Tá ciall faoi léith ag baint leis an logainm Na Doirí Beaga a léiríonn na crainn daracha beaga uilig atá i láthair ann.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.logainm.ie/en/1414071?s=Doir%u00ed+Beaga|teideal=Doirí Beaga/Derrybeg|language=en|work=Logainm.ie|dátarochtana=2019-12-05}}</ref> Martín óg [[Íomhá:Sean_Teach_Phobail_na_Doirí_Beaga.jpg|mion|Seanteach an Phobail, an áit a gabhadh an tAthair Séamus Mac Pháidín ar an Dhomhnach 3ú Feabhra 1889<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4428395/4403968/4512408?transcribe=true|teideal=Tuilteacha · Gort an Choirce · The Schools' Collection|language=en|work=dúchas.ie|dátarochtana=2025-04-25}}</ref>]] [[Íomhá:Derrybegchurch.jpg|mion|[[Teach Pobail Mhuire (Doirí Beaga)|Teach an Phobail,]] 1972-2025]] == Teanga == Tá an [[An Ghaeilge|Ghaeilge]] mar phríomhtheanga ag muintir na Doirí Beaga, cé go dtuigtear an Bhéarla chomh maith. Meallann an Ghaeilge na mílte turasóirí agus scoláirí achan bhliain le freastal ar choláistí samhraidh, lena cuid scileanna teanga a fheabhsú. Tá an oideachas go léir i ionaid oideachas Na Doirí Beaga curtha ar fáil tré mheán na Gaeilge. Bíonn na seirbhísí reiligiúnacha i [[Teach Pobail Mhuire (Doirí Beaga)|Teach Phobail Mhuire]], Na Doirí Beaga, curtha i láthair tré mheán na Gaeilge chomh maith.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.gaothdobhair.ie/en/tourist-attractions-gweedore/the-irish-language|teideal=The Irish Language, Gweedore {{!}} Gweedore, the heart of the Donegal Gaeltacht|language=en-ie|work=www.gaothdobhair.ie|dátarochtana=2019-12-05|archivedate=2019-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205185611/https://www.gaothdobhair.ie/en/tourist-attractions-gweedore/the-irish-language}}</ref> == Stair an Cheantair == Le linn Chogadh na Talamh sna 1880í, bhí muintir Na Doirí Beaga faoi stiúir an tAthair Seamus Mac Pháidín, a ghríosaigh lucht an pharóiste tacaíocht a thabhairt do [[Conradh na Talún|Chonradh na Talún]] agus do phlean an fheachtas. I ndiaidh shraith do sheanmóir frithiarna talún, d’ordaigh an giúistís cónaitheach go mbeadh an tAthair Mac Pháidín gabhtha. Ar an Dhomhnach 3ú Feabhra 1889, tháinig cigire dúiche [[Constáblacht Ríoga na hÉireann|Chonstáblacht Ríoga na hÉireann]], William Limbrick Martin, a bhí aithne ar go háitiúil mar an Mháirtínigh, go [[Teach Pobail Mhuire (Doirí Beaga)|Teach Phobail Mhuire]] na Doirí Beaga, le rún sé sin gabháil a dhéanamh ar an tAthair Mac Pháidín díreach i ndiaidh an aifrinn. Nuair a bhí an tAthair Mac Pháidín ag fágáil an teach phobail, bhí sé go fóill cóirithe in a chuid éide sagairt agus bhí sé ag iompar an [[eocairist]] sa cuach abhlann. Nuair a chonaic an Mháirtínigh an tAthair Mac Pháidín, tharraing sé a chlaíomh agus chuaigh sé in éadan an [[sagart]] agus an lann ardaithe. Cuireadh scáth ar lucht an pharóiste mar go raibh an Mháirtínigh ag déanamh ionsaí ar an tAthair Mac Pháidín le claíomh agus rinne siad ionsaí cheana féin ar na gardaí. Bhí an cigire dúiche an Mháirtínigh buailte go dona agus fuair sé bás láithreach. Gabhadh an tAthair Mac Pháidín agus lucht an pharóiste agus cuireadh chun triail iad fá choinne dúnmharú den chéad ghrád. Bhí an t-aistriúchán de láthair na trialach bronnta do chúisitheoirí chorónach, cé a raibh céad acu an ghiúiré a phacáil le [[Protastúnach]]. Ina thráchtas i 1928, rinne Tim Healy, a chosain an tAthair Mac Phaidín agus lucht an pharóiste, cur síos ar an dóigh a d’áitigh sé an chás ag an triail. Mheabhraigh Healy don chúirt, faoi dlí [[Sasana|Shasanach]], gur cion [[pionós an bháis]] a bhí ann breitheamh a bhualadh ina fhallaing. Mhínigh sé, do [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Chaitlicigh]] Thír Chonaill, gur cóir níos measa é, ionsaí a dhéanamh ar shagart ina chuid éadaí sagart. Mar fhreagairt ar ráiteas Healy, ghabh na cúisitheoirí chorónach margadh pléadáil a sheachain pionós báis an chosantóir. Gearradh an tAthair Mac Pháidín do phrintíseacht agus fuair lucht an pharóiste pianbhreithe de chéimeanna éagsúla. Cuireadh an Mháirtínigh i reilig [[Eaglais na hÉireann]] i mBéal Átha Seanaidh, faoi inscríbhinn a rinne cur síos ar a bhás trí bheith “dúnmharaithe go cruálach fhad is a bhí sé ag déanamh a dhualgas go uasal sna Doirí Beaga.”<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.irishtourist.com/donegal/towns/derrybeg/|teideal=Derrybeg, Co. Donegal|work=www.irishtourist.com|dátarochtana=2019-12-05|archivedate=2019-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205195511/http://www.irishtourist.com/donegal/towns/derrybeg/}}</ref> == Eacnamaíocht == Tá Páirc Ghnó Ghaoth Dobhair lonnaithe i mbaile fearainn Na Doirí Beaga. Sa bhliain 2003, nuair a athainmníodh an pháirc ghnó ó eastát thionsclaíochta Ghaoth Dobhair, thosaigh an comhlacht, [[Údarás na Gaeltachta]], feachtas le iarracht a dhéanamh comhlachtaí ghnó a mhealladh go dtí an pháirc ghnó agus go Gaoth Dobhair, agus na Doirí Beaga go háirithe. Rinne siad seo leis an eacnamaíocht áitiúil a athbhunadh. Bhí siad ag iarraidh an pháirc ghnó a bheith cosúil leis an thionscail monarcha rathúil a bhí ann sna 1980í agus 1990í sula thosaigh an iomaíocht ag teacht ón Eoraip agus a chuir ar an gcuid is mhó dena monarcha seo druid sa bhliain 2001, de bharr de. Cailleadh 4,000 post agus bhí éifeacht mhór aige ar chúrsaí sóisialta agus eacnamaíochta, sna Doirí Beaga, i nGaoth Dobhair agus ar cheantair mhórthimpeall. I láthair na huaire, tá pháirc ghnó Ghaoth Dobhair ag dul ó bhláth go bláth agus tá méadú tagtha ar líon na postanna atá curtha ar fáil ar ag an bhomaite.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/economy/back-in-business-how-gweedore-is-rewriting-the-script-1.3176890|teideal=Back in business: How Gweedore is rewriting the script|údar=Caitriona McBride|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=2019-12-05}}</ref> Tá gnóthaí éagsúla fite fuaite ar bhaile fearainn Na Doirí Beaga mar shampla, cúpla ollmhargadh, Siopa Mhicí agus Siopa Mholloy san áireamh, siopaí áise, dhá shiopa gruagaire, sciamheolaí, conraitheoirí, ceimiceoir, ionad sláinte, NowDoc,<ref>Magheragallan, F92 DN4X +0818 400 911</ref> tithe tábhairne, bialanna agus amharclann. ==Oideachas== '''''Bun leibhéal''''' [[Íomhá:Pictiúr de bhunscoil Mhuire, Na Doirí Beag.jpg|mion|An t-aon bhunscoil atá sa bhaile fearainn, Scoil Mhuire, na Doirí Beaga.]] [[Íomhá:Pobalscoilmor.jpg|mion|Grianghraf de Phobalscoil Ghaoth Dobhair.]]Tá [[bunscoil]] amháin lonnaithe sna Doirí Beaga, sé sin Scoil Mhuire Na Doirí Beaga. Tá 135 páiste cláraithe ar an bhunscoil agus tá gach slí den oideachas déanta trí mheán na Gaeilge.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.education.ie/en/find-a-school/School-Detail/?roll=14502D|teideal=School Detail|language=en|work=Department of Education and Skills|dátarochtana=2019-12-05}}</ref> '''''Meán leibhéal''''' Is [[Pobalscoil Ghaoth Dobhair]] an t-aon [[Meánscoil|mheánscoil]] i bparóiste Ghaoth Dobhair agus tá sé suite i mbaile fearainn na Doirí Beaga. Tá achan ghné de shaol na scoile reáchtáilte tré mheáin na Gaeilge ó thaobh an theagasc sa seomra ranga agus na scrúdaithe stáit de go dtí na himeachtaí uilig a bhíonn an scoil páirteach ann ó thaobh cúrsaí spóirt, eolaí óg, drámaíocht agus díospóireacht san áireamh.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.psgd.ie/|teideal=Pobalscoil Ghaoth Dobhair - Scoil lán Ghaelach i Dhún na nGall|language=wp-dev-ga|work=Pobalscoil Ghaoth Dobhair|dátarochtana=2019-12-05}}</ref> '''''Tríú leibhéal''''' Leathnaigh ionad de [[Ollscoil na hÉireann, Gaillimh|hOllscoil na hÉireann, Gaillimh]] go Gaoth Dobhair i suíomh de chuid Pháirc Ghnó Ghaoth Dobhair sna Doirí Beaga, nuair a d’oscail [[Acadamh na hOllscolaíochta Gaeilge]] sa bhliain 2004. Tá oideachas tríú leibhéal curtha ar fáil san Acadamh tré mheáin na Gaeilge do tharr 80 mac léinn achan bhliain. Tá roinnt dioplóma chomh maith le céim bhaitsiléara i staidéar gnó curtha ar fáil san Acadamh. I mbliana, chaith mic léinn atá i mbun céime sa Ghaeilge in Ollscoil na hÉireann Gaillimh seimeastar iomlán san Acadamh ar na Doirí Beaga, le feabhas a chur ar a scileanna teanga agus le taithí a fháil ar chultúr agus ar shaol comhaimseartha na Gaeilge. == Iompar == Cé nach bhfuil stáisiún oifigiúil iompair suite ar na Doirí Beaga, téann cuid mhór comhlachtaí busanna ar leithéidí Bus Feda a théann go [[Gaillimh]] agus go [[Glaschú]],<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://busfeda.ie/donegal-galway-timetable|teideal=Donegal - Galway Timetable {{!}} Bus Feda|work=busfeda.ie|dátarochtana=2019-12-05}}</ref> Bus John Mc Ginley a théann go [[Baile Átha Cliath]] <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.johnmcginley.com/timetable.html|teideal=John McGinley Coaches|work=www.johnmcginley.com|dátarochtana=2019-12-05|archivedate=2018-01-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114164725/http://www.johnmcginley.com/timetable.html}}</ref> agus Bus Patrick Gallagher a théann go [[Doire]] agus go [[Béal Feirste]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.gallagherscoaches.com/|teideal=Donegal Derry Belfast - Patrick Gallaghers Coaches, Gweedore, County Donegal|work=www.gallagherscoaches.com|dátarochtana=2019-12-05}}</ref> fríd na Doirí Beaga go laethúil. Bíonn stadanna faoi leith in áiteanna éagsúla sa bhaile fearainn ann ina stadann na busanna seo le paisinéirí a thógáil agus a thabhairt go dtí na bailte móra uilig.[[Íomhá:Cumann Luthchleas Gael Ghaoth Dobhair.jpg|mion|Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Ghaoth Dobhair]] == Spórt == Tá an spóirt mar pháirt lárnach i saol mhuintir na Doirí Beaga ó thaobh an [[Peil Ghaelach|pheil ghaelach]], [[sacar]] agus [[galf]] de, agus tá clubanna agus cumann pheil ghaelach, sacar agus galf lonnaithe sa bhaile fearainn chomh maith. '''''CLG Ghaoth Dobhair''''' Tá dlúthcheangal ag pobal Gaoth Dobhair ar fad, Na Doirí Beaga san áireamh, leis an Chumann Lúthchleas Gael agus an pheil Gaelach. Is fochumann láidir Gaelach agus Gaeltachta í [[CLG Ghaoth Dobhair]], atá suite i mbaile fearainn na Doirí Beaga, a thugann tús áite i gcónaí do bhunspriocanna an [[Cumann Lúthchleas Gael|Chumann lúthchleas Gael]], sé sin don teanga agus do chúrsaí cultúrtha agus oidhreachta a chuireann go mór leis an chultúr sa pharóiste.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.clgghaothdobhair.ie/|teideal=Baile|údar=admin|language=ga-IE|work=CLG Ghaoth Dobhair|dátarochtana=2019-12-05}}</ref> '''''Ceiltigh Ghaoth Dobhair''''' Tá club sacar Ceiltigh Ghaoth Dobhair suite ar an Screabán, ar na Doirí Beaga. Tá an chlub ar cheann de na chlubanna sacar is sine sa tír, agus tá sé ar an bhfód sula raibh deireadh leis an naoú haois déag ann. Tá an chlub ag dul ó neart go neart agus tá cuid mhór corn bainte acu thar na mblianta. Tá cuid mhór áiseanna a cur ar fáil ag an chlub fosta, le clubtheach úr, páirc astroturf faoi thuilshoilse, páirceanna imeartha lánmhéide agus staid úr atá i mbun tógála i láthair na huaire.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://gweedoreceltic.com/index.php/history/|teideal=History|údar=admin|language=en-US|work=Gweedore Celtic|dátarochtana=2019-12-05}}</ref> '''''Cumann Ghailf Ghaoth Dobhair''''' Tá Cumann Ghailf Ghaoth Dobhair suite i gcroí lár Ghaoth Dobhair, i Machaire Gáthlán, Na Doirí Beaga. Tá radharcanna atá gan teorainn ar dhoirse an chlubtheach. Ar thaobh amháin den chúrsa galf tá cladaigh gharbh [[An tAigéan Atlantach|Aigean an Atlantaigh]] Fhiáin agus na hoileán atá mórthimpeall den chósta le feiceáil, agus tá an taobh eile den chúrsa suite i scáth [[An Earagail|an Earagail.]] Tá an chúrsa é féin, atá ocht pholl déag ar fhad, greanta amach as tírdhreach nádúrtha agus tá sé ina luí in aice le cuid de na tránna is gleoite de chuid na tíre.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.gweedoregolfclub.com/|teideal=Home|language=en-GB|work=Gweedore Golf Club|dátarochtana=2019-12-05}}</ref> == Na hEalaíona == '''''An Cheoil''''' Tá an cheol agus an amhránaíocht thraidisiúnta ina pháirt lárnach de phobal Ghaoth Dobhair agus de bhaile fearainn Na Doirí Beaga fosta. Is léir nach bhfuil paróiste ar bith eile sa tír as a dtáinig amhránaithe chomh binn agus chomh cumasach, agus ceoltóirí thraidisiúnta chomh sárchumasach le leithéidí an pharóiste. Le blianta beaga anuas, tá rath agus bláth ar an cheol i measc aos óg an pharóiste, go háirithe i Scoil Cheoil na Crannóige, scoil ina neartaíodh an ghrúpa ceoil agus amhránaíochta thraidisiúnta An Crann Óg. Bíonn cleachtaithe An Crann Óg go léir bunaithe i bhfoirgnimh an Chrannóg ar na Doirí Beaga. Bunaíodh Scoil Cheoil na Crannóige, le deis a chur ar fáil do aos óg an cheantair uirlisí agus [[Ceol traidisiúnta na hÉireann|ceol thraidisiúnta]] a fhoghlaim.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://crannog.ie/gaoth-dobhair/ceol/|teideal=Ceol {{!}} Comharchumann Forbartha Ghaoth Dobhair|language=en-GB|dátarochtana=2019-12-05|archivedate=2019-11-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105231312/http://crannog.ie/gaoth-dobhair/ceol/}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Amharclann4.jpg|mion|Amharclann Ghaoth Dobhair a athosclaíodh sa bhliain 2017.]] '''''Amharclann Ghaoth Dobhair''''' Athosclaíodh [[Amharclann Ghaoth Dobhair]] sa bhliain 2017. Is í an príomhaidhm atá ag na hAmharclainne, ná an Ghaeilge, an cultúr agus na healaíona sa pharóiste agus sna Doirí Beaga a chothú agus a chaomhnú. Tá Amharclann Ghaoth Dobhair ar an t-aon Amharclann Ghaeilge atá suite i gcroí lár na Gaeltachta ó cheann ceann na tíre. Tá cur chuige ag na hAmharclainne maidir le bheith ina lárionad ealaíne do mhuintir na Doirí Beaga agus do phobal Ghaoth Dobhair go ginearálta. Bíonn go leor léiriúcháin, drámaí agus ceolchoirmeacha éagsúla ar siúl san Amharclann achan deireadh seachtaine,<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.amharclann.com/|teideal=Amharclann Ghaoth Dobhair – Amharclann Ghaeilge i gcroí lár na Gaeltachta|language=en-GB|dátarochtana=2019-12-05}}</ref> == Féach freisin == * [[Teach Pobail Mhuire (Doirí Beaga)|Teach Pobail Mhuire]] * [[:Catagóir:Gaoth Dobhair agus an ceantar máguaird|Gaoth Dobhair agus an ceantar máguaird]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} [[Catagóir:Bailte i gContae Dhún na nGall]] [[Catagóir:Doirí Beaga]] [[Catagóir:Gaeltacht Thír Chonaill]] [[Catagóir:Gaoth Dobhair agus an ceantar máguaird]] qb97gro9uo175g3azwxfo0eej3nkn9s 0 8404 1272696 1266864 2025-07-05T01:30:31Z CommonsDelinker 440 Ag baint [[:Íomhá:ApartheidSignEnglishAfrikaans.jpg|ApartheidSignEnglishAfrikaans.jpg]] amach, scrios [[commons:User:Abzeronow|Abzeronow]] é ón Chómhaoin mar: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:ApartheidSignEnglishAfrikaans.jpg|]] 1272696 wikitext text/x-wiki Is éard a bhí i gceist leis an g'''cinedheighilt'''<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/cinedheighilt/ga/|teideal="cinedheighilt"|work=téarma.ie|dátarochtana=2021-03-17}}</ref> ná an córas '''''apartheid''''' (an '''apairtéid''' as Gaeilge, uaireanta) a bhí i bhfeidhm san [[An Afraic Theas|Afraic Theas]] ón mbliain 1948 go dtí na [[1990idí]]. Tháinig an [[focal]] féin ''apartheid'' ón [[Afracáinis]], an leagan den [[Ollainnis]] a labhraítear san Afraic Theas, agus is é is brí leis ná "scarúint" nó "scarthacht" (''apart'' = scartha, ''-heid'' = -cht, cf. an iarmhír ''-heit'' sa [[Gearmáinis|Ghearmáinis]] agus ''-hood'' i bh[[focal|focail]] [[Béarla|Bhéarla]] cosúil le ''neighbourhood'', ''manhood'' nó ''maidenhood''). Tháinig an [[córas]] seo in úsáid nuair a ghnóthaigh na páirtithe Búracha, an Páirtí Náisiúnaíoch agus an Páirtí ''Afrikaner'', [[olltoghchán|olltoghcháin]] na bliana 1948. [[Íomhá:DurbanSign1989.jpg|thumb|Fógra ar an trá - Durban - 1989. ''Cathair Durban: De réir Alt a 37 i bhfodhlíthe na trá, níl cead isteach ach ag daoine den chine gheal sa láthair shnámha seo'', a deir sé i mBéarla, in [[Afracáinis]] agus i [[Súlúis]].]] I ré na cinedheighilte, bhí muintir na hAfraice Theas deighilte ina gceithre chine, mar atá, na Bána, na [[Gormfhéar (féar)|Gormaigh]], na Daiteánaigh agus na h[[India]]igh, agus na dreamanna seo á gcoinneáil scartha scoite ó chéile. Luíonn sé le réasún nach raibh cead ag aon duine [[pósadh]] thar theorainn na gciníocha, ach, thairis sin, ní raibh de chead acu dul ag [[snámh]] sna [[Cladach|cladaí]] céanna, úsáid a bhaint as na [[Leithreas|leithris]] chéanna, ná dul ar na [[scoil]]eanna céanna. Rinneadh iarrachtaí leis na ciníocha éagsúla a chosaint ar chuideachta a chéile ar gach leibhéal. == Cruthú na cinedheighilte == Chualathas an focal "apartheid" an chéad uair ó [[béal|bhéal]] Jan Smuts, thiar sa bhliain 1917, nó dhá bhliain sular bhain sé amach [[Príomh-Aire]]<nowiki/>acht na hAfraice Theas. Deir daoine áirithe inniu nach raibh i gceist san am ach leanúint leis na [[dlí]]the cinedheighilte a bhí i bhfeidhm san Afraic Theas roimhe sin. Bhí na dlíthe seo bunaithe ar choinníollacha na [[síocháin|síochán]]a a shocraigh na [[Sasanaigh]] leis na Bóraigh i ndiaidh [[Dara Cogadh na mBórach|Chogadh na mBórach]]. Go bunúsach, áfach, b'í an scarúint pholaitiúil éirim an scéil, seachas an chinedheighilt. Le linn an [[Dara Cogadh Domhanda]], thosaigh an Páirtí Aontaithe ag éirí as an gcuid is déine den chinedheighilt. [[Íomhá:Apartheid.jpg|mion|Muizenberg, [[Cathair na Rinne]], Meitheamh 1985]] I dtoghcháin na bliana 1948, bhí feachtas an Pháirtí Náisiúnta - páirtí náisiúnaíoch na mBórach - bunaithe ar cheist an pholasaí apairtéide, agus vótáladh isteach iad maille leis an bPáirtí ''Afrikaner''. Ba é Daniel François Malan a bhain amach oifig an Phríomh-Aire. Ar an toirt, thosaigh rialtas na Náisiúnaithe ag cur córas na hapairtéide i bhfeidhm. Cuireadh cosc le caidreamh craicinn, cleamhnas agus pósadh idir daoine a bhain le dreamanna éagsúla cine, tugadh isteach aicmiú na ndaoine de réir a g[[cine]], agus bunaíodh bord aicmiúcháin le ceist aon duine a fhuascailt nach mbeadh inaicmithe ar an chéad dul síos. == An chinedheighilt sna 1950idí == Sa bhliain 1950, tháinig an tAcht um Cheantair na nDreamanna (''Group Areas Act'') ar [[leabhar]] na n[[dlí]]<nowiki/>the, agus ba ar an dlí seo a bunaíodh iarrachtaí na n-[[Rialtas|údarás]] leis na ciníocha difriúla a choinneáil ina gcónaí scartha ó chéile. Reachtaíodh an tAcht um Áiseanna Scartha (''Separate Amenities Act'') le cladaí [[snámh]]<nowiki/>a, [[bus]]<nowiki/>anna, otharlanna, agus [[ollscoil]]eanna scartha a bhunú do na ciníocha éagsúla. Na pas-dlíthe a bhí ann cheana féin, tugadh chun déine iad. Cuireadh d'fhiachaibh ar na Gormaigh agus ar na Daiteánaigh cáipéisí aitheantais ar leith a iompar. Na cáipéisí seo, nó an ''domboek'' mar a thugtaí orthu as Afracáinis, cineál pas a bhí iontu a chuir ar chumas duine de mhuintir na gceantar gorm bheith ag obair sa chuid gheal den [[tír]]. Ní raibh oiread is cead isteach ag na Gormaigh sna ceantair gheala gan cháipéisí oifigiúla ar leith. [[Íomhá:Boycott Apartheid Bus, London, UK. 1989.jpg|mion|1989 i [[Londain]]]] I ndiaidh Malan, tháinig Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom i gceannas ar an tír mar Phríomh-Aire, sa bhliain 1954. Chrom Strijdom ar an mbeagán cearta a bhaint de na Daiteánaigh agus na Gormaigh a bhí fágtha acu go fóill. An [[rialtas]] a bhí ann roimhe sin, chuir sé an Bille um Ionadaíocht Scartha na Vótálaithe (''Separate Representation of Voters Bill'') faoi bhráid na [[Parlaimint|parlaiminte]] sa bhliain 1951. Thug ceathrar vótálaithe a raibh tacaíocht an Pháirtí Aontaithe an bille chun na cúirte, áfach, ó nach raibh siad den tuairim go raibh sé ag teacht leis an mbunreacht. Chumhdaigh Cúirt Uachtarach na Rinne (''Cape Supreme Court'') an dlí, ach d'easaontaigh an Chúirt Achomhairc leis an gcinneadh seo, nó fuair sí an t-acht neamhbhailí, nó bhí sé ag teacht salach ar an mBunreacht, agus chaithfí dlí den chineál sin a reachtú mar athrú bunreachta, is é sin, bhí tromlach dhá dtrian de dhíth in dhá theach na [[Parlaimint]]<nowiki/>e le bailíocht a chinntiú don acht. [[Íomhá:Anti-Apartheid Protest 02 F.jpg|mion|Agóid in aghaidh na cinedheighilte, 1980idí san Afraic Theas]] Ansin, rith an Rialtas an Bille um Ardchúirt na Parlaiminte (''High Court of Parliament Bill'') a thug an ceart don Pharlaimint comhairlí na gcúirteanna a chur ar neamhní. Níor ghlac Cúirt Uachtarach na Rinne ná an Chúirt Achomhairc leis an mbille seo, áfach. Sa bhliain 1955, chuir rialtas Strijdom breithiúna breise ar an gCúirt Achomhairc. [[Náisiún]]aithe Bóracha ab ea iad na breithiúna nua, ar ndóigh. Thairis sin, méadaíodh an Seanad ó naoi suíochán is dhá scór go naoi suíochán is ceithre scór. Fuair Seanadóirí Náisiúnaíocha seacht gceann déag is trí scór de na suíocháin seo. Sa deireadh thiar thall, ritheadh an Bille um Ionadaíocht Scartha sa bhliain 1956, agus baineadh na Daiteánaigh de rolla na vótálaithe geala. Cuireadh ar rolla dá gcuid féin iad. [[Íomhá:Boycott - Contaminated with apartheid - South African goods.jpg|mion|Earraí ón Afraic Theas á mbaghcatáil - roimh 1986, sna Stáit Aontaithe]] == Bunús Reachtaíochta na cinedheighilte sa bhliain 1950 == Seo iad na cinn ba thábhachtaí de na dlíthe a reachtaíodh le córas na hapairtéide a chur ar bun: * An leagan leasaithe den Acht um Mígheanmnaíocht (1950), a rinne coir thromchúiseach d'aon chaidreamh chollaí idir duine geal agus duine d'aon chine eile. * An tAcht um Chlárú an Daonra (1950), a chuir d'fhiacha ar gach saoránach é féin a chlárú mar bhall de cheann de na príomhdhreamanna cine, mar atá, Geal, Gormach, nó Daiteánach. * An tAcht um Thoirmeasc an [[Cumannachas|Chumannachais]] (1950). Bhaintí úsáid as an reacht seo leis an bhfreasúra a chur ina thost, nó bhí sé indéanta páirtí ar bith a chosc ach "páirtí Cumannach" a ghairm de. Bhí an Cumannachas sainmhínithe chomh neamhchruinn is go bhféadfá "Cumannach" a bhaisteadh ar aon duine a bhí ag éileamh chothrom na Féinne do na dreamanna cine ar fad - is é sin, Cumannach de réir an dlí. *[[Íomhá:District-Six-Memory-Plaque.jpg|mion|Leac chuimhneacháin, District Six, Cathair na RInne]]An tAcht um Cheantair na nDreamanna (an 27ú lá de Mhí Aibreáin 1950). Ba é seo príomhdhlí na hapairtéide, nó dheighil sé an tír ina ceantair éagsúla le haghaidh dreamanna éagsúla cine. * An tAcht um Údaráis Bhantúcha (1951). Bhunaigh an dlí seo forais scartha rialtais do na Gormaigh. * An tAcht um Chosc na Lonnaitheoireachta Neamhdhlíthiúla (1951). Chuir an dlí seo ar chumas an Stáit slumanna de chuid na nGormach a scartáil. Ó bhí na jabanna gann sna ceantair ghorma, bhí sé de chlaonadh sna Gormaigh lonnú in aice na hoibre, taobh istigh de na ceantair a bhí ceaptha do na Geala. Mar sin, theastaigh cumhachtaí ó na húdaráis leis na slumanna a chur de dhroim an tsaoil a bhíodh ag fás go spontáineach ar an dóigh seo. * An tAcht um Oibrithe Bundúchasacha Tógála agus um Tobhach le haghaidh Seirbhísí do na Bundúchasaigh (1951). De réir an dlí seo, chaithfeadh na fostóirí geala tobhach a íoc le tithíocht a sholáthar do na hoibrithe gorma a raibh cead dlíthiúil acu lonnú sna ceantair gheala. *[[Íomhá:Net nieBlankes1.PNG|mion]]An tAcht um Áiseanna Scartha (1953). Choisc an dlí seo ar na dreamanna difriúla cine úsáid a bhaint as áiseanna a bhí ceaptha do cheann de na dreamanna eile. Is é an cineál áiseanna a bhí i gceist ná sconnaí fíoruisce, leithris agus araile. * An tAcht um Oideachas do na Bantúigh (1953). Chuir an dlí seo deireadh le scoileanna na misinéirí do na Gormaigh. Anois, chaithfidís dul ar scoileanna an stáit. * An tAcht um Cheantair Uirbeacha Bhantúcha (1954). Chuir an dlí seo srianta le lonnú na nGormach sna cathracha. * An tAcht um Poill Mhianaigh agus um Chúrsaí Oibre (1956). Bhí an chinedheighilt san obair bunaithe ar an dlí seo. * An tAcht um Chur chun Cinn an Fhéinrialtais do na Gormaigh (1958). Leis an dlí seo, bunaíodh rialtais dúchais do na dreamanna éagsúla de Ghormaigh sna "tíortha dúchais" (''homelands'' as Béarla, ''thuislande'' as Afracáinis). Stáit soip a bhí iontu a cuireadh ar bun faoin tuath, i bhfad ó na cathracha móra a raibh na Gormaigh ag tarraingt orthu ar lorg jabanna. D'fhéadfadh na Gormaigh vóta a chaitheamh sna tíortha seo, agus bhí na tíortha seo le sórt "neamhspleáchais" a fháil sa deireadh. Go praiticiúil, bhí an-tionchar ag rialtas na hAfraice Theas ar na tíortha seo fiú i ndiaidh dóibh "neamhspleáchas" a bhaint amach. Is ar éigean a d'fhéadfá vóta a chaitheamh ar son aon pháirtí nó duine nach mbeadh sásta urraim a thabhairt do shainleasanna na máthairthíre. *An tAcht um Chorparáid Infheistíochta do na Bantúigh (1959). Leis an dlí seo, cruthaíodh áiseanna le rachmas a infheistiú sna "tíortha dúchais" chun jabanna a sholáthar do na daoine ansin. * An tAcht um Pleanáil Fhisiciúil agus um Úsáid Acmhainní (1967) [[Íomhá:Assassination attempt on Hendrik Verwoerd.jpg|mion|Iarracht fheallmharaithe ar Hendrik Verwoerd, 1966|220x220px]] == Coimhlint == [[Íomhá:F.W. de Klerk, left, the last president of apartheid-era South Africa, and Nelson Mandela, his successor, wait to speak in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania LCCN2011634246.tif|mion|1993, F.W. de Klerk, Uachtarán deireanach na hAfraice Theas i ré na cinedheighilte, ar chlé, agus Nelson Mandela, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]] Tharla [[Sléacht Sharpeville]] ar 21 Márta [[1960|1960ː]] scaoil na [[póilíní]] urchair le slua [[An Afraic|Afracach]] a bhí ag léirsiú in Sharpeville. Maraíodh naonúr is trí scór de dhaoine gorma sa tslad. Chuir an lámhach uafás ar na [[Meáin chumarsáide|Meáin]] Idirnáisiúnta ag an am. Athraíodh dearcadh Nelson Mandela agus an [[An Chomhdháil Náisiúnta Afracach|ANC]] go hiomlán. Bhunaigh siad eite mhíleata, ''Umkhonto we Sizwe'', sa bhliain 1961 le dul i mbun feachtas foréigin lena gcearta a bhaint amach. Ar an [[6 Meán Fómhair]] [[1966]], sádh le [[scian]] cúpla uair sa [[Croí|chroí]] [[Príomh-Aire]] na hAfraice Theas, [[Hendrik Verwoerd]]. Eisean a chruthaigh polasaithe ciníocha apairtéide. [[Íomhá:Soweto township.jpg|mion|Plódcheantar Soweto]] Sa bhliain 1976 d'éirigh daltaí [[Daoine gorma|gorm]]<nowiki/>a [[meánscoil]]<nowiki/>e amach in [[Soweto]] mar agóid i gcoinne úsáid na h[[An Afracáinis|Afracainise]] mar theanga theagaisc in áit an [[An Béarla|Bhéarla]]. Ach b'agóid pholaitiúil í sin, agus is beag baint a bhí aici le labhairt na teanga sna ceantair ar láidre í.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://issuu.com/nosmag/docs/no__s_43|teideal=NÓS 43 - Aibreán 2014|language=en|work=Issuu|dátarochtana=2019-06-16|archivedate=2022-03-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324001011/https://issuu.com/nosmag/docs/no__s_43}}</ref> Maraíodh breis is 176 in Soweto ar [[16 Meitheamh]] [[1976]].<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Soweto uprising|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soweto_uprising&oldid=902112476|journal=Wikipedia|date=2019-06-16|language=en}}</ref> Bhí an cath in aghaidh na cinedheighilte i mbéal an tsaoil mhóir ón lá sin amach. Tháinig ardú tuisceana dá bharr, agus theip ar an Apartheid de bharr dhásacht an phobail sna blianta ina dhiaidh sin. == Deireadh na cinedheighilte == Ar an [[18 Márta]] [[1992]], vótáil na daoine geala deireadh a chur leis an gcóras cinedheighilte<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/18/newsid_2524000/2524695.stm BBC "South Africa votes for change"]</ref>. == Féach freisin == * [[Hendrik Verwoerd]] * [[Piléarú]] nó Verzuiling ==Tagairtí== {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Ciníochas]] [[Catagóir:Stair na hAfraice Theas]] [[Catagóir:Cinedheighilt]] 7j64ddpmpi90xyrb8jezrvote4e80rq 0 22681 1272708 1270233 2025-07-05T05:49:12Z 2A01:B340:81:37D2:70D4:A58E:BCFA:8EC2 M 1272708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} [[File:River Lee and St. Fin Barer's Cathedrale.jpg|thumb|300px|Dúnadh Ionad Ghael-Taca a bhí lonnaithe ar Ché Uí Shúilleabháin i gCathair Chorcaí]] Is eagraíocht margaíochta [[Gaeilge]] é '''Gael-Taca''' atá lonnaithe i [[Corcaigh|gCathair Corcaigh]]. Bunaíodh Gael-Taca in 1987 chun an Ghaeilge a chur chun cinn i gcathair Chorcaí. Tháinig ceisteanna suntasacha chun cinn maidir le rialachas san eagraíocht sna 2020idí agus cuireadh deireadh le maoiniú na heagraíochta.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/243801-2/|teideal=Gael-Taca ag maíomh go bhfuil ‘éagóir’ déanta agus deireadh curtha lena maoiniú|dáta=2024-04-04|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-04-05}}</ref> == Gníomhachtaí == Tá an príomhfhócas ag Gael-Taca ar Chathair agus Contae Chorcaí. Tá seirbhís saor in aisce le haghaidh ainmneacha Gaeilge d'fhorbairtí cónaithe nua ag Gael-Taca. Tá seirbhís chomhairliúchán acu le bheith dul i dteagmháil le daoine san earnáil ghnó i gCorcaigh chun úsáid na Gaeilge a chur chun cinn.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://gaeltaca.ie/|teideal=Baile {{!}}{{!}} Gael-Taca : suíomh sa bhliain 2020|dáta=2020-08-08|work=web.archive.org|dátarochtana=2024-04-05|archivedate=2020-08-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808004136/http://gaeltaca.ie/}}</ref> Bronnadh ''Gradam Uí Chuanacháin'' (a ainmníodh in ómós d'Phádráig Ó Cuanacháin) uair amháin gach bliain don ghnó is fearr, dar le Gael-Taca, maidir le cur chun cinn na Gaeilge i gCathair Chorcaí sa bhliain roimhe. === Fadhbanna === Tháinig fadhb maidir le cúrsaí rialachais san eagraíocht chun cinn le linn na [[Paindéim COVID-19|paindéime Covid-19]] agus gur cuireadh deireadh le conradh fostaí. Dúirt an tAire Stáit Patrick O’Donovan in 2024 nach raibh “an acmhainn eagraíochtúil chun maoiniú stáit a láimhseáil faoi réir dhea-chleachais agus nach raibh fís na heagraíochta don todhchaí soiléir”.<ref name=":0" /> D'íoc Roinn na Gaeilge €68,525 sa tréimhse 2022-2023 chun fiacha a ghlanadh agus chun billí a íoc do Ghael-Taca. Dúnadh ceannáras Ghael-Taca ar Ché Uí Shúilleabháin i gCorcaigh mar nach bhféadfadh an eagraíocht an cíos a íoc. Bhí an Roinn ag iarraidh go mbeadh Gael-Taca ag plé le cur chun cinn na Gaeilge i measc lucht gnó i gcathair Chorcaí, mar a dheineann [[Gaillimh le Gaeilge]] i g[[cathair na Gaillimhe]], ach gur dhiúltaigh Gael-Taca dó sin.<ref name=":0" /> == Stair == Bunaíodh Gael-Taca i 1987 chun na teanga a chur chun cinn go háirithe san earnáil ghnó.<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.gaeltaca.ie/fuinn/ar-nobair.html |teideal=Gael-Taca.com - Ár nObair |dátarochtana=2019-04-14 |archivedate=2019-04-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414225239/http://www.gaeltaca.ie/fuinn/ar-nobair.html }}</ref> Bhunaigh Pádraig Ó Cuanacháin é agus bhí sé mar an Stiúrthóir Margaíochta den eagraíocht go dtí go bhfuair sé bás i mí Márta 2008.<ref>[https://www.irishtimes.com/news/a-passionate-yet-pragmatic-crusader-for-the-irish-language-1.910356 Alt ón Irish Times faoi Phádraig Ó Cuanacháin]</ref> Bhí Pádraig mar an Timire do Ghaelscoileanna Teo. i g[[Cúige Mumhan]] ar feadh roinnt blianta sna [[1980í|hochtóidí]] agus bunaíodh neart [[gaelscoil]]eanna nua i gCorcaigh agus i gCúige Mumhan le linn na dtréimhse sin.<ref>[http://www.rte.ie/archives/collections/news/21205335-all-irish-school-carrigaline/ Oscailt oifigiúil Gaelscoil Charraig Uí Leighin - RTÉ]</ref> Ag tús na 2000'idí thosaigh Pádraig ag dul i dteagmháil le forbróirí timpeall na tíre ag rá go bhfuil seirbhís saor in aisce acu chun teacht ar ainmneacha Gaeilge d'fhorbairtí cónaithe nua. Bhí scata maith ainmneacha Gaeilge tugtha do cheantair chónaithe nua agus i roinnt contaetha bhí líon mór nó réasúnta mhór dóibh ainmnithe i nGaeilge amháin le linn na 2000idí de bharr obair Phádraig Uí Chuanacháin agus Gael-Taca. In 2025 tá ar a laghad timpeall míle ceantair cónaithe ainmnithe i nGaeilge amháin ar oileán na hÉireann.<ref>[https://ainmneachagaeilge-eire.blogspot.com/ Ceantair cónaithe le hainmneacha i nGaeilge - Darren Mac an Phríora]</ref> ==Féach freisin== * [[Gaillimh le Gaeilge]] * [[Forbairt Feirste]] * [[Corcaigh]] * [[Straitéis 20 Bliain don Ghaeilge 2010-2030]] * [[Acht na Gaeltachta 2012]] * [[Bailte Seirbhíse Gaeltachta]] * [[Líonraí Gaeilge]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} == Naisc == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200808004136/http://gaeltaca.ie/ GaelTaca.ie] s [[Catagóir:Corcaigh]] a bhln ai200n | [[Catagóir:Eagraíochtaí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Scannail Pholaitiúla in Éirinn]] a54s0bpnotdyjnasayhf3lpds4qawzz 1272709 1272708 2025-07-05T05:49:43Z 2A01:B340:81:37D2:70D4:A58E:BCFA:8EC2 M 1272709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} [[File:River Lee and St. Fin Barer's Cathedrale.jpg|thumb|300px|Dúnadh Ionad Ghael-Taca a bhí lonnaithe ar Ché Uí Shúilleabháin i gCathair Chorcaí]] Is eagraíocht margaíochta [[Gaeilge]] é '''Gael-Taca''' atá lonnaithe i [[Corcaigh|gCathair Corcaigh]]. Bunaíodh Gael-Taca in 1987 chun an Ghaeilge a chur chun cinn i gcathair Chorcaí. Tháinig ceisteanna suntasacha chun cinn maidir le rialachas san eagraíocht sna 2020idí agus cuireadh deireadh le maoiniú na heagraíochta.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/243801-2/|teideal=Gael-Taca ag maíomh go bhfuil ‘éagóir’ déanta agus deireadh curtha lena maoiniú|dáta=2024-04-04|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-04-05}}</ref> == Gníomhachtaí == Tá an príomhfhócas ag Gael-Taca ar Chathair agus Contae Chorcaí. Tá seirbhís saor in aisce le haghaidh ainmneacha Gaeilge d'fhorbairtí cónaithe nua ag Gael-Taca. Tá seirbhís chomhairliúchán acu le bheith dul i dteagmháil le daoine san earnáil ghnó i gCorcaigh chun úsáid na Gaeilge a chur chun cinn.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://gaeltaca.ie/|teideal=Baile {{!}}{{!}} Gael-Taca : suíomh sa bhliain 2020|dáta=2020-08-08|work=web.archive.org|dátarochtana=2024-04-05|archivedate=2020-08-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808004136/http://gaeltaca.ie/}}</ref> Bronnadh ''Gradam Uí Chuanacháin'' (a ainmníodh in ómós d'Phádráig Ó Cuanacháin) uair amháin gach bliain don ghnó is fearr, dar le Gael-Taca, maidir le cur chun cinn na Gaeilge i gCathair Chorcaí sa bhliain roimhe. === Fadhbanna === Tháinig fadhb maidir le cúrsaí rialachais san eagraíocht chun cinn le linn na [[Paindéim COVID-19|paindéime Covid-19]] agus gur cuireadh deireadh le conradh fostaí. Dúirt an tAire Stáit Patrick O’Donovan in 2024 nach raibh “an acmhainn eagraíochtúil chun maoiniú stáit a láimhseáil faoi réir dhea-chleachais agus nach raibh fís na heagraíochta don todhchaí soiléir”.<ref name=":0" /> D'íoc Roinn na Gaeilge €68,525 sa tréimhse 2022-2023 chun fiacha a ghlanadh agus chun billí a íoc do Ghael-Taca. Dúnadh ceannáras Ghael-Taca ar Ché Uí Shúilleabháin i gCorcaigh mar nach bhféadfadh an eagraíocht an cíos a íoc. Bhí an Roinn ag iarraidh go mbeadh Gael-Taca ag plé le cur chun cinn na Gaeilge i measc lucht gnó i gcathair Chorcaí, mar a dheineann [[Gaillimh le Gaeilge]] i g[[cathair na Gaillimhe]], ach gur dhiúltaigh Gael-Taca dó sin.<ref name=":0" /> == Stair == Bunaíodh Gael-Taca i 1987 chun na teanga a chur chun cinn go háirithe san earnáil ghnó.<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.gaeltaca.ie/fuinn/ar-nobair.html |teideal=Gael-Taca.com - Ár nObair |dátarochtana=2019-04-14 |archivedate=2019-04-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414225239/http://www.gaeltaca.ie/fuinn/ar-nobair.html }}</ref> Bhunaigh Pádraig Ó Cuanacháin é agus bhí sé mar an Stiúrthóir Margaíochta den eagraíocht go dtí go bhfuair sé bás i mí Márta 2008.<ref>[https://www.irishtimes.com/news/a-passionate-yet-pragmatic-crusader-for-the-irish-language-1.910356 Alt ón Irish Times faoi Phádraig Ó Cuanacháin]</ref> Bhí Pádraig mar an Timire do Ghaelscoileanna Teo. i g[[Cúige Mumhan]] ar feadh roinnt blianta sna [[1980í|hochtóidí]] agus bunaíodh neart [[gaelscoil]]eanna nua i gCorcaigh agus i gCúige Mumhan le linn na dtréimhse sin.<ref>[http://www.rte.ie/archives/collections/news/21205335-all-irish-school-carrigaline/ Oscailt oifigiúil Gaelscoil Charraig Uí Leighin - RTÉ]</ref> Ag tús na 2000'idí thosaigh Pádraig ag dul i dteagmháil le forbróirí timpeall na tíre ag rá go bhfuil seirbhís saor in aisce acu chun teacht ar ainmneacha Gaeilge d'fhorbairtí cónaithe nua. Bhí scata maith ainmneacha Gaeilge tugtha do cheantair chónaithe nua agus i roinnt contaetha bhí líon mór nó réasúnta mhór dóibh ainmnithe i nGaeilge amháin le linn na 2000idí de bharr obair Phádraig Uí Chuanacháin agus Gael-Taca. In 2025 tá ar a laghad timpeall míle ceantair cónaithe ainmnithe i nGaeilge amháin ar oileán na hÉireann.<ref>[https://ainmneachagaeilge-eire.blogspot.com/ Ceantair cónaithe le hainmneacha i nGaeilge - Darren Mac an Phríora]</ref> ==Féach freisin== * [[Gaillimh le Gaeilge]] * [[Forbairt Feirste]] * [[Corcaigh]] * [[Straitéis 20 Bliain don Ghaeilge 2010-2030]] * [[Acht na Gaeltachta 2012]] * [[Bailte Seirbhíse Gaeltachta]] * [[Líonraí Gaeilge]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} == Naisc == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200808004136/http://gaeltaca.ie/ GaelTaca.ie] sa bhliain [[Catagóir:Corcaigh]] 20200n | [[Catagóir:Eagraíochtaí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Scannail Pholaitiúla in Éirinn]] k065es535wjm7utdt9dsve90ft86p2x 1272710 1272709 2025-07-05T05:50:45Z Darren J. Prior 877 /* Naisc */M 1272710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} [[File:River Lee and St. Fin Barer's Cathedrale.jpg|thumb|300px|Dúnadh Ionad Ghael-Taca a bhí lonnaithe ar Ché Uí Shúilleabháin i gCathair Chorcaí]] Is eagraíocht margaíochta [[Gaeilge]] é '''Gael-Taca''' atá lonnaithe i [[Corcaigh|gCathair Corcaigh]]. Bunaíodh Gael-Taca in 1987 chun an Ghaeilge a chur chun cinn i gcathair Chorcaí. Tháinig ceisteanna suntasacha chun cinn maidir le rialachas san eagraíocht sna 2020idí agus cuireadh deireadh le maoiniú na heagraíochta.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/243801-2/|teideal=Gael-Taca ag maíomh go bhfuil ‘éagóir’ déanta agus deireadh curtha lena maoiniú|dáta=2024-04-04|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-04-05}}</ref> == Gníomhachtaí == Tá an príomhfhócas ag Gael-Taca ar Chathair agus Contae Chorcaí. Tá seirbhís saor in aisce le haghaidh ainmneacha Gaeilge d'fhorbairtí cónaithe nua ag Gael-Taca. Tá seirbhís chomhairliúchán acu le bheith dul i dteagmháil le daoine san earnáil ghnó i gCorcaigh chun úsáid na Gaeilge a chur chun cinn.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://gaeltaca.ie/|teideal=Baile {{!}}{{!}} Gael-Taca : suíomh sa bhliain 2020|dáta=2020-08-08|work=web.archive.org|dátarochtana=2024-04-05|archivedate=2020-08-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808004136/http://gaeltaca.ie/}}</ref> Bronnadh ''Gradam Uí Chuanacháin'' (a ainmníodh in ómós d'Phádráig Ó Cuanacháin) uair amháin gach bliain don ghnó is fearr, dar le Gael-Taca, maidir le cur chun cinn na Gaeilge i gCathair Chorcaí sa bhliain roimhe. === Fadhbanna === Tháinig fadhb maidir le cúrsaí rialachais san eagraíocht chun cinn le linn na [[Paindéim COVID-19|paindéime Covid-19]] agus gur cuireadh deireadh le conradh fostaí. Dúirt an tAire Stáit Patrick O’Donovan in 2024 nach raibh “an acmhainn eagraíochtúil chun maoiniú stáit a láimhseáil faoi réir dhea-chleachais agus nach raibh fís na heagraíochta don todhchaí soiléir”.<ref name=":0" /> D'íoc Roinn na Gaeilge €68,525 sa tréimhse 2022-2023 chun fiacha a ghlanadh agus chun billí a íoc do Ghael-Taca. Dúnadh ceannáras Ghael-Taca ar Ché Uí Shúilleabháin i gCorcaigh mar nach bhféadfadh an eagraíocht an cíos a íoc. Bhí an Roinn ag iarraidh go mbeadh Gael-Taca ag plé le cur chun cinn na Gaeilge i measc lucht gnó i gcathair Chorcaí, mar a dheineann [[Gaillimh le Gaeilge]] i g[[cathair na Gaillimhe]], ach gur dhiúltaigh Gael-Taca dó sin.<ref name=":0" /> == Stair == Bunaíodh Gael-Taca i 1987 chun na teanga a chur chun cinn go háirithe san earnáil ghnó.<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.gaeltaca.ie/fuinn/ar-nobair.html |teideal=Gael-Taca.com - Ár nObair |dátarochtana=2019-04-14 |archivedate=2019-04-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414225239/http://www.gaeltaca.ie/fuinn/ar-nobair.html }}</ref> Bhunaigh Pádraig Ó Cuanacháin é agus bhí sé mar an Stiúrthóir Margaíochta den eagraíocht go dtí go bhfuair sé bás i mí Márta 2008.<ref>[https://www.irishtimes.com/news/a-passionate-yet-pragmatic-crusader-for-the-irish-language-1.910356 Alt ón Irish Times faoi Phádraig Ó Cuanacháin]</ref> Bhí Pádraig mar an Timire do Ghaelscoileanna Teo. i g[[Cúige Mumhan]] ar feadh roinnt blianta sna [[1980í|hochtóidí]] agus bunaíodh neart [[gaelscoil]]eanna nua i gCorcaigh agus i gCúige Mumhan le linn na dtréimhse sin.<ref>[http://www.rte.ie/archives/collections/news/21205335-all-irish-school-carrigaline/ Oscailt oifigiúil Gaelscoil Charraig Uí Leighin - RTÉ]</ref> Ag tús na 2000'idí thosaigh Pádraig ag dul i dteagmháil le forbróirí timpeall na tíre ag rá go bhfuil seirbhís saor in aisce acu chun teacht ar ainmneacha Gaeilge d'fhorbairtí cónaithe nua. Bhí scata maith ainmneacha Gaeilge tugtha do cheantair chónaithe nua agus i roinnt contaetha bhí líon mór nó réasúnta mhór dóibh ainmnithe i nGaeilge amháin le linn na 2000idí de bharr obair Phádraig Uí Chuanacháin agus Gael-Taca. In 2025 tá ar a laghad timpeall míle ceantair cónaithe ainmnithe i nGaeilge amháin ar oileán na hÉireann.<ref>[https://ainmneachagaeilge-eire.blogspot.com/ Ceantair cónaithe le hainmneacha i nGaeilge - Darren Mac an Phríora]</ref> ==Féach freisin== * [[Gaillimh le Gaeilge]] * [[Forbairt Feirste]] * [[Corcaigh]] * [[Straitéis 20 Bliain don Ghaeilge 2010-2030]] * [[Acht na Gaeltachta 2012]] * [[Bailte Seirbhíse Gaeltachta]] * [[Líonraí Gaeilge]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} == Naisc == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200808004136/http://gaeltaca.ie/ GaelTaca.ie] sa bhliain 2020 | [[Catagóir:Corcaigh]] [[Catagóir:Eagraíochtaí Gaeilge]] [[Catagóir:Scannail Pholaitiúla in Éirinn]] h49xhrqa5cbslttxqls86y9lsdulkap 2 25389 1272628 299739 2025-07-04T13:16:00Z MacCambridge 5474 1272628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Babel|ga-2|en-3|de}} Dia dhaoibh! Labhrás Mac Ambróis is ainm dom. Úsáideoir nua is ea mé. == Naisc == [[Image:UserIconContributions.png]]&nbsp;[[Speisialta:Contributions/MacCambridge|Mo chuid dréachtaí]] [[Image:UserIconActivities.png]]&nbsp;[[Speisialta:Whatlinkshere/Úsáideoir:MacCambridge|mo chuid gníomhíochtaí]] [[Image:UserIconDiscussion.png]]&nbsp;[[Plé úsáideora:MacCambridge|mo chuid plé]] qct7spnapifja7h6getvsya0ensj6lc 0 32968 1272669 1269960 2025-07-04T19:50:59Z 2A02:8084:46C3:FD00:6BFC:3153:5514:6BE2 Typo fixed 1272669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Leabhar | name = Dracula | image = [[Íomhá:Dracula1st.jpeg|200px]] | image_caption = Clúdach an chéad eagráin | Údar = [[Bram Stoker]] | Tír = [[Éire]]| Teanga = [[Béarla]] | genre = [[Ficsean uafáis|Uafás]], [[Ficsean gotach|Gotach]] | Foilsitheoir = Archibald Constable and Company (UK) | Dáta fhoilsiú = 26 Bealtaine 1897 | Cineál meáin = Cló (clúdach crua) }} {{Teideal iodálach}} Is [[úrscéal]] [[Béarla]] é '''''Dracula''''' leis an údar [[Muintir na hÉireann|Éireannach]] [[Bram Stoker]] a tháinig i gcló an chéad uair sa bhliain [[1897]]. Díríonn an scéal ar an g[[Cunta Dracula]] ar [[Súmaire fola|súmaire]], nó [[Súmaire fola|vaimpír]], é, agus tionchar an [[béaloideas|bhéaloidis]] [[Na Balcáin|Bhalcánaigh]] le haithint go soiléir ar an [[úrscéal]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.meoneile.ie/cultur-agus-ealain/ag-ceili%C3%BAradh-saol-agus-saothar-bram-stoker|teideal=Ag ceiliúradh saol agus saothar Bram Stoker < Meon Eile|údar=Seán Ó Baoill, Fearghal Ó Maolagáin|dáta=30 DF 2015|work=www.meoneile.ie|dátarochtana=2022-05-18}}</ref> Is é an t-úrscéal seo is bunrúta leis an tsuim a chuireann [[Hollywood]] agus na [[scríbhneoir]]í lónléitheoireachta sna vaimpírí go dtí an lá inniu ann, nó is beag duine sna tíortha [[An Béarla|Béarla]] a chuala an focal sin "vaimpír" sular tháinig an [[leabhar]] seo i gcló. Ba é Archibald Constable and Co an comhlacht a d'fhoilsigh an chéad eagrán sin. Eagrán faoi chlúdach bog a bhí ann. == Cúlra == Fuair an [[Súmaire fola|súmaire]] Dracula a ainm ó Vlad Țepeș, nó Vlad Drăculea, prionsa [[An Trasalváin|Trasalvánach]] a bhí ag rialú Chúige na Valáise (Wallachia) nó ''Țara Românească'' sa [[15ú haois]]. Bhí sé ag cur troda ar na [[Turcaigh]] [[Impireacht Otamánach|Otamánacha]] agus ag déanamh ródaigh ar na seanuaisle sa Valáis. Chuaigh na scéalta uafáis faoin dóigh a raibh sé ag sá a chuid namhad le cuaillí ar fud na [[An Eoraip|hEorpa]], agus tháinig cáil ar "Vlad na gCuaillí". Dealraíonn sé, áfach, gurbh é an [[Rí]] [[An Ungáir|Ungárach]] Maitias Corvinus a chuir an chuid ba mhó de na scéalta seo ag imeacht. Namhaid polaitiúil de chuid Vlad a bhí ann ar theastaigh uaidh an prionsa a chlúmhilleadh. Is ar éigean is féidir a rá gur dhearscnaigh sé thar phrionsaí eile na linne sna [[Na Balcáin|Balcáin]] i gcruálacht. Ar scor ar bith, nuair a scaip an Rí Maitias na scéalta uafáis faoi Vlad, chuaigh an prionsa in annála na staire mar chéasadóir is mar arrachtach. Maidir leis an súmaire nó an vaimpír, is carachtar tábhachtach é i mbéaloideas na mBalcán agus na [[Slavaigh|Slavach]]. Chaith Bram Stoker seacht mbliana ag déanamh taighde ar bhéaloideas Oirthear na hEorpa ar lorg inspioráide, agus is ansin a tháinig sé ar na scéalta faoi Vlad Drăculea agus faoi vaimpírí. Chinn sé ar an dá mhóitíf seo a phósadh, agus ba é an Cunta Dracula, mar is aithin dúinn inniu é, ba toradh don chleamhnas sin. [[Íomhá:Bela Lugosi as Dracula-2.jpg|clé|mion|188x188px|Bela Lugosi mar Dracula,1931]] Bhí Bram Stoker cairdiúil le hArminius Vambery, taiscéalaí, saineolaí ar theangacha an Oirthir agus spiaire [[Sasana]]ch a rugadh s[[an Ungáir]], agus deirtear go bhfuair sé cuid mhór dá eolas ar bhéaloideas na mBalcán ó Vambery. Is féidir freisin gur bhunaigh sé carachtar Abraham Van Helsing ar Vambery. Níl ann ach tuairimíocht, áfach. [[Íomhá:Dracula 1931 photo.jpg|clé|mion|188x188px|Bela Lugosi mar Dracula,1931]] Cé go bhfuil ''Dracula'' ar an úrscéal is tábhachtaí faoi vaimpírí i litríocht an Bhéarla, níorbh é an chéad cheann é. Fuair Stoker inspioráid áirithe ón nóibhille ''Carmilla'' le Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu, a foilsíodh breis is fiche bliain roimh ''Dracula''. Scéal [[Earós|earótach]] uafáis é ''Carmilla'' a bhfuil blas an leispiachais air, agus é ag tabhairt cur síos ar an vaimpír mná Carmilla agus a cairdeas cinniúnach le cailín óg macánta darb ainm Laura. Cé go ndeirtear uaireanta gur ón nGaeilge a thagann an t-ainm Dracula (leagan éigin de ''drochfhola'' a luaitear) níl aon bhunús leis an maíomh seo ná aon chúis gur leagan ginideach a bheadh ann. == An Scéal == I dtús an úrscéil tagann an [[Dlí|dlíodóir]] óg Sasanach Seon Ó hEarcair (Jonathan Harker) ar cuairt chuig an gCunta Dracula le cuidiú leis an gCunta aistriú go dtí Sasana agus talamh a cheannach in [[Exeter]]. Tá cónaí ar an gCunta i sean[[Caisleán|chaisleán]] sa [[an Trasalváin|Trasalváin]], agus é sásta lóistín a thabhairt do Sheon ansin, ach i ndiaidh tamaill faigheann Seon amach go bhfuil sé ina [[Príosún|chime]] sa chaisleán agus go bhfuil vaimpírí ann - triúr vaimpírí ban agus iad ag iarraidh é a chealgadh. Sa deireadh éalaíonn Seon lena anam as an áit. [[Íomhá:Bram Stoker1.jpg|mion|188x188px|Bram Stoker, 1906|clé]] Tugann an chéad eipeasóid eile sa leabhar cur síos ar an dóigh a ndéanann Dracula a bhealach go Sasana. Ní luaitear é, ach cuirtear in iúl go bhfuil sé ag taisteal faoi choim ar bhád [[An Rúis|Rúiseach]]. Titeann an bád ar an gcladach i [[Whitby]], agus níl fágtha den chriú ach an captaen, agus é féin marbh. Léitear logleabhar an chaptaein, agus tagann sé chun solais ansin go raibh neach dofheicthe éigin ag marú na [[mairnéalach]] i rith an turais, go dtí nach raibh ann ach an captaen féin. Agus é socraithe síos i Sasana anois, cuireann Dracula suim in Uilliamín "Mín" Ní Mhuirí (Wilhelmina "Mina" Murray), ''fiancée'' Sheoin Uí Earcair, agus ina cara Laoise (Lucy) Westenra. Tosaíonn Laoise ag stiúgadh le tinneas aisteach, agus glaonn Seán Suaird, cara le Laoise agus dochtúir leighis, ar a chara, an tOllamh Abraham Van Helsing, teacht ón Ollainn le cuidiú leis biseach a thabhairt do Laoise. [[Íomhá:Whitby Abbey Exterior.jpg|mion|188x188px|[[mainistir]] [[Whitby]]]] Aithníonn Van Helsing gurbh é an vaimpíreachas atá i gceist, agus tosaíonn sé ar í a leigheas, ach nuair a fhilleann sé ar an Ollainn le freastal ar ghnó éigin, faigheann Laoise bás i dtimpiste aisteach. Go gairid ina dhiaidh sin, cloistear scéalta aisteacha faoi shúmaire mná agus í ag ionsaí páistí, agus tuigeann Van Helsing gurb í Laoise í. Le cuidiú Sheáin Shuaird agus beirt fhear eile a bhí ag suirí le Laoise agus í beo, téann Van Helsing ar thóir an chailín, agus sa deireadh maraíonn siad í, nó an vaimpír, tríd an gcloigeann a ghearradh di, a croí a shá le cuaille adhmaid agus a béal a líonadh le gairleog. [[Íomhá:Bram Stoker 1906.jpg|mion|257x257px|Bram Stoker, 1906]] Idir an dá linn, bhí Seon Ó hEarcair ag bisiú i mBúdaipeist óna eachtra sa Trasalváin, agus tháinig Mín ansin le cuideachta a dhéanamh dó agus, mar a thiontaigh an scéal amach, le hé a phósadh. Anois, tagann siad abhaile, agus nuair a chloiseann siad céard a tharla do Laoise, téann siad i gcomhghuaillíocht le Van Helsing agus leis an triúr iar-shuiríoch le Dracula a mharú. Roimh an éacht sin a chur i gcrích, áfach, éiríonn le Dracula Mín a ionfhabhtú leis an vaimpíreachas, agus caithfidh Seon, Van Helsing agus na fir eile an-chath a chur ar an gCunta le Mín a tharrtháil. == Stair i mBéarla == Foilsíodh an leabhar Dracula don chéad uair ar 18 Bealtaine 1897. Lonnaigh Stoker cuid mhór d'imeachtaí a úrscéil  i Whitby in iarthuaisceart Shasana. [[Íomhá:Bram Stoker's Dracula movie horizontal gold logo.png|mion|199x199px]] == Aistriúcháin go Gaeilge == [[Íomhá:Illustration of Bram Stoker's Dracula.jpg|mion|297x297px]] ==== 1933ː Seán Ó Cuirrín ==== Ba é [[An Gúm]] a d'fhoilsigh [[Scéim Aistriúcháin an Ghúim|leagan Gaeilge]] sa bhliain [[1933]]. Chuir [[Seán Ó Cuirrín]], a raibh canúint na nDéise ó dhúchas aige, Gaeilge ar an leabhar. B’fhear é a raibh canúint Dhún Garbhán go paiteanta aige. D'éirigh leis an Chuirríneach saothar “as an nua” a chruthú. “Ceann de na rudaí is spéisiúla faoin aistriúchán a rinne Ó Cuirrín gur fhág sé go leor tagairtí de Shakespeare agus do mhiotaseolaíocht na Gréige ar lár, rudaí a bhí i mbunsaothar Stoker agus gur chruthaigh sé saothar nua as Dracula.”<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/os-cionn-e1000-ar-leagan-gaeilge-de-dracula-a-foilsiodh-le-cead-mrs-bram-stoker/|teideal=Os cionn €1,000 ar leagan Gaeilge de ‘Dracula’ a foilsíodh le cead ‘Mrs. Bram Stoker’|údar=Méabh Ní Thuathaláin|dáta=28 Meán Fómhair 2021|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2022-05-18}}</ref> Bhí scéal an tsúmaire fola ar fáil ar an [[Kindle]] i nGaelainn na nDéise sa bhliain 2015.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/dracula-ar-fail-ar-kindle-in-am-doiche-shamhna/|teideal=‘Dracula’ ar fáil ar Kindle in am d’Oíche Shamhna|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2019-05-18}}</ref><ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Dracula ... Seán Ó Cuirrín do chuir i nGaedhilg|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Dracula-Se%C3%A1n-Cuirr%C3%ADn-chuir-nGaedhilg/dp/B0018IQB7E|author=Bram Stoker, Seán Ó CUIRRÍN}}</ref> ==== 1997ː eagrán do dhéagóirí ==== Cuireadh eagrán do dhéagóirí amach sa bhliain [[1997]] ''Dracula - Eagrán do Dhéagóirí''. Is éard a bhí ann ná gearrinsint a scríobh [[Emmet B. Arrigan]]. Is í a mháthair, [[Mary Arrigan]], a rinne na léaráidí agus [[Gabriel Rosenstock]] a d’aistrigh an leabhar go Gaeilge.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://childrensbooksireland.ie/review/dracula-eagran-do-dheagoiri/|teideal=Dracula (Eagrán do dhéagóirí) – Childrens Books Ireland|language=en-US|dátarochtana=2019-05-18|archivedate=2019-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518151146/https://childrensbooksireland.ie/review/dracula-eagran-do-dheagoiri/}}</ref><ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.litriocht.com/siopa/dracula-eagran-do-dheagoiri/?lang=en|teideal=Dracula Eagrán do Dhéagóirí {{!}} Litríocht|language=en-GB|dátarochtana=2022-05-18}}</ref> ==== 1997ː Maolmhaodhóg Ó Ruairc ==== D'fhoilsigh An Gúm atheagrán sa bhliain [[1997]], agus ba é [[Maolmhaodhóg Ó Ruairc]] a chuir an t-eagrán seo in eagar.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.siopaleabhar.com/tairge/dracula/|teideal=Dracula (Leagan Gaeilge) – An Siopa Leabhar|work=www.siopaleabhar.com|dátarochtana=2022-05-18|archivedate=2022-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602040331/https://www.siopaleabhar.com/tairge/dracula/}}</ref> Ba é an t-ealaíontóir Rómánach [[Ion Codrescu]] a mhaisigh an leabhar. Rinneadh caighdeánú ar chanúint Uí Chuirrín agus fuair roinnt léitheoirí locht ar an gcleachtadh sin.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nos.ie/cultur/leabhair/leabhair-na-haistriuchain-go-gaeilge-is-fearr-a-rinneadh/|teideal=LEABHAIR: Na haistriúcháin go Gaeilge is fearr a rinneadh|údar=NÓS|language=en-US|work=NÓS|dátarochtana=2021-12-18}}</ref> Cé gur bunaithe ar bhunleagan an Déisigh atá an t-eagrán seo, níl pioc de chanúint a cheantair dúchais caomhnaithe ann . Maille leis sin, tá an t-atheagrán ciorraithe go tréan. Fuair Aoibheann Nic Dhonnchadha, agus í ag scríobh do [[An Linn Bhuí]], bliainiris Ghaeltacht na nDéise, locht ar an nua-eagrán seo (An Linn Bhuí, uimhir a 2, 1998, lch. 115-118). Bhí sí den bharúil go ndeachaigh an fear eagair thar fóir ag iarraidh cuma na nua-ré a chur ar an téacs, agus nach raibh sé sách eolach ar an g[[canúint]] lena ceart a thabhairt di. Samplaí de na hathruithe a rinne an t-eagarthóir ná: * ''amadántúlacht'' -> ''amaidí'' * ''diúgadh'' -> ''diúrnú'' * ''lobhadh'' -> ''lofacht'' * ''tuireasc'' -> ''sábh'' * ''cas'' -> ''catach'' * ''daitheannach'' -> ''daite'' * ''meáite'' -> ''trom'' * ''stractha'' -> ''stróicthe'' * ''cuibhreach an phósta'' -> ''cuing an phósta'' *[[Íomhá:Stoker - Dracula, Sonzogno, Milano, 1922 (page 1 crop).jpg|mion|328x328px|Dracula, Sonzogno, [[Milano]], [[1922]]]]''m'fhear pósta'' -> ''m'fhear céile'' * ''an nádúir'' -> ''an dúlra'' * ''le neart taoda'' -> ''le taghd feirge'' * ''tomanta'' -> ''diongbháilte, tréamanta, daingean'' == Féach freisin == * [[Fuil]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Rialú údaráis}} [[Catagóir:Úrscéalta Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Aistriúcháin]] [[Catagóir:Ficsean Gotach]] 1dphq8hqq7c3sbrjc0msl5tnu54fc5e 0 43389 1272711 1161786 2025-07-05T07:24:39Z MacCambridge 5474 baininscneach 1272711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}} Is [[baile]] suite i dtuaisceart [[Contae Chorcaí|Chontae Chorcaí]] í '''Cuillinn'''<ref name="Logainm">{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1411091|title=Cuillinn/Cullen {{!}} logainm.ie|publisher=[[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]]|access-date=2023-06-22|language=ga|work=[[Logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (Logainm.ie)}}</ref> ([[Béarla]]: ''Cullen''). Sna 1830idí bhí ceithre scoil scairte ar an mbaile ina raibh 230 scoláire ag foghlaim ceachtanna. Sa bhliain 2011 bhí cónaí ar 429 duine i gCuillinn. == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Síol-tír-ie}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cuillinn, Contae Corcai}} [[Catagóir:Bailte i gContae Chorcaí]] koqse6tawnc4dr4evoe227y4r48sicc 0 45363 1272626 1153039 2025-07-04T12:59:34Z CommonsDelinker 440 Ag baint [[:Íomhá:Bourbaki_congress1938.png|Bourbaki_congress1938.png]] amach, scrios [[commons:User:Abzeronow|Abzeronow]] é ón Chómhaoin mar: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Bourbaki congress1938.png|]] 1272626 wikitext text/x-wiki Ainm cleite ar ghrúpa [[matamaiticeoir]]í [[An Fhrainc|Francacha]] den chuid is mó: Henri Cartan ([[1904]]-[[2008]]), Claude Chevalley ([[1909]]-[[1984]]), Jean Dieudonné ([[1906]]-[[1992]]), André Weil (1906-[[1998]]) is eile. Chinneadar sna [[1930idí]] tráchtas ar ghlanmhatamaitic a scríobh a leagfadh an t-ábhar amach go cruinn loighciúil ó na bunphrionsabail. Thosaigh foilsiú ''Eléments de Mathématique'' (Uraiceacht na Matamaitice) i [[1939]] agus lean ar aghaidh go dtí na [[1980idí]].<ref name="FreamhanEolais">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Hussey|first=Matt|author-link=Matthew Hussey|title=Nicolas Bourbaki|encyclopedia=[[Fréamh an Eolais]]|language=ga|date=2011|publisher=[[Coiscéim]]|page=86}}</ref> == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Fréamh an Eolais}} {{síol}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bourbaki, Nicolas}} [[Catagóir:Matamaiticeoirí Francacha]] ij36akazb0kkud0b287s2cq7rafb8e5 0 61022 1272670 1132160 2025-07-04T21:08:14Z 51.171.233.113 Harry McGee 1272670 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Atlanta-cnn-center-aerial.jpg|mion|Ceannáras CNN in [[Atlanta]], sna Stáit Aontaithe]] Cainéal nuachta Meiriceánach teilifíse agus satailíte is ea '''The Cable News Network''' (Líonra Cábla Nuachta) nó '''CNN''' mar is fearr aithne air. Is é [[Turner Broadcasting System]], cuid de [[Time Warner]], úinéir an chainéil. Cainéal cábla nuachta 24 huaire atá ann. [[Ted Turner]] a bhunaigh CNN sa bhliain 1980. B'é an chéad chainéal teilifíse a chuir nuacht ar fáil 24 huaire a chloig sa lá, agus an chéad chainéal lán-nuachta sna Stáit Aontaithe. Tá ceanncheathrú CNN suite in [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia]], ach craoltar ó áiseanna de chuid an chainéil i g[[Nua-Eabhrac (cathair)|Cathair Nua-Eabhrac]], [[Washington, D.C.]] agus [[Los Angeles]]. Na manaí atá acu ná ''"Go there"'', ''"The Most Trusted Name in News"'', agus ''"This is CNN"''. Is stáisiún mí-ionraic CNN, dar le '''[[Scéal (nuachtán)|''Scéal'']]''' leis ''[[The Irish Times]]'' / ''[[Irish Examiner]]''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=[[Harry McGee]]|date=2025-07-01|title=An neart fós i réim|journal=[[Scéal (nuachtán)|Scéal]]|pages=lch 4}}</ref> ==Tagairtí== {{reflist}} ==Naisc sheachtracha== *[http://www.cnn.com Láithreán gréasáin CNN] {{síol-us}} [[Catagóir:CNN]] [[Catagóir:Turner Broadcasting System]] [[Catagóir:Comhlachtaí Meiriceánacha bunaithe i 1980]] [[Catagóir:Comhlachtaí lonnaithe in Atlanta, Georgia]] [[Catagóir:Comhlachtaí teilifíse Meiriceánacha]] [[Catagóir:Stáisiúin teilifíse Meiriceánacha]] [[Catagóir:Cainéil nuachta Meiriceánacha]] [[Catagóir:Buaiteoirí Gradam Peabody]] [[Catagóir:Buaiteoirí Gradam Webby]] [[Catagóir:Cainéil nuachta a chur seal nuachta ceithre huaire fiche ar fáil]] hl6zihxyrkqljnv8xstx9agqsxbn3lm 0 84878 1272627 1217339 2025-07-04T13:03:11Z MacCambridge 5474 gram. 1272627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Iar-imreoir [[sacar|sacair]] [[Sasana|Sasanach]] is ea '''Emile William Ivanhoe Heskey'''. Rugadh ar an 11 Eanáir 1978 i [[Leicester]], [[Sasana]], é. Scóráil sé aon chúl amháin ag [[Corn FIFA an Domhain 2002]]. {{DEFAULTSORT:Heskey, Emile}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1978]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] enuwpxk9i3psmsr834mmoyoe6tdjva2 0 85273 1272664 1252533 2025-07-04T19:14:41Z Conradder 34685 /* Gairmshaol */ 1272664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is reathaí meánraoin Éireannach í '''Ciara Mageean'''. Rugadh í ar an 12 Márta 1992 i b[[Port an Pheire]], [[Contae an Dúin]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/ireland/ciara-mageean-14275665|teideal=Ciara MAGEEAN {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics|work=www.worldathletics.org|dátarochtana=2022-08-20}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Irish middle distance runner Ciara Mageean in 2020.jpg|clé|mion|2020]] [[Íomhá:EC 2024 - 1500 m W.jpg|clé|mion|1500 m agus Elise Vanderelst, Ludovica Cavalli, & Petronela Simiuc chun tosaigh]] == Gairmshaol == Tháinig Mageean sa 11ú háit sa 1500 m ag na [[Cluichí Oilimpeacha an tSamhraidh 2016]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/athletics/36776281|teideal=Four NI athletes on Ireland's Rio team|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|dátarochtana=2022-08-20}}</ref> Ar an 10 Iúil 2016, bhuaigh sí bonn cré-umha sa rás 1500m ag [[Craobhchomórtas Lúthchleasaíochta na hEorpa]] 2016, a bhí ar siúl in [[Amstardam]], An Ísiltír. Ar an 3 Márta 2019, bhuaigh sí bonn cré-umha sa rás 1500m ag [[Craobhchomórtas Lúthchleasaíochta Laistigh na hEorpa]] 2019, a bhí ar siúl i n[[Glaschú]], Albain. Bhí Craobhacha na hEorpa sa lúthchleasaíocht ar siúl i München mí Lúnasa 2022 agus bhuaigh Mageean bonn airgid sa rás 1,500m.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/o-katie-go-corn-an-domhain-scoth-na-bpictiur-o-sharbhliain-do-bhanlaochra-spoirt/|teideal=Ó Katie go Corn an Domhain – scoth na bpictiúr ó shárbhliain do bhanlaochra spóirt|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2022-12-30}}</ref> Sa bhliain 2023, bhí dóchas ollmhór ag Mageean bonn a thabhairt abhaile ón [[Craobhchomórtais Lúthchleasaíochta an Domhain, 2023|Chraobhchomórtais Lúthchleasaíochta an Domhain, 2023]]. Ach tháinig sí isteach sa 4ú háit.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/radio/rnag/clips/22291100/|teideal=Tús Áite: Scéaltaí Spóirt|údar=RnaG|dáta=2023|language=ga-IE|work=RTE Radio|dátarochtana=2023-08-25}}</ref> '''2024''' Bhuaigh Mageean an bonn óir sa rás 1,500 méadar i g[[Craobhchomórtais Lúthchleasaíochta na hEorpa 2024|Craobh Lúthchleasaíochta na hEorpa 2024]] sa Róimh. Agus í ag déanamh ar an líne, bhí Mageean sáinnithe idir triúr, Georgia Bell agus Jemma Reekie na Breataine agus Agathe Guillemot na Fraince. Chonaic Mageean bearna bheag agus bhris sí tríthi. Bhí an chuma uirthi ar feadh soicind go raibh sí chun gualainn a thabhairt don bheirt Bhriotanach ach d’éalaigh sí tharstu gan teagmháil a dhéanamh leo agus d’fhág ina diaidh an chuid eile agus bhí an bonn óir buaite ag Mageean. Agus í ag labhairt le RTÉ díreach i ndiaidh na rása, dúirt Mageean go raibh baint mhór ag an gcúlra atá aici sa [[Camógaíocht|chamógaíocht]] leis an mbua agus í tar éis gearradh tríd mar a dhéanfadh sí ar pháirc na himeartha sa bhaile.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/adeleke-agus-mageean-ag-prapail-do-pharas-cill-chainnigh-agus-luimneach-dosharaithe-aris/|teideal=Adeleke agus Mageean ag prapáil do Pháras, Cill Chainnigh agus Luimneach dosháraithe arís|údar=Pádraic Ó Ciardha|dáta=12 Meitheamh 2024|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-06-16}}</ref> Ba le Ciara Mageean a bhain an briseadh croí ba mhó de na lúthchleasaithe Éireannacha ar fad a chuaigh go Páras agus [[Cluichí Oilimpeacha an tSamhraidh 2024]]. An oíche sular thosaigh iomaíocht Oilimpeach 1500m na mban d’fhág gortú achilles a bhí ag dul di le fada nach raibh de rogha aici ach a fhógairt go raibh sí ag tarraingt as.<ref name=":2">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/seacht-mbonn-15-sport-134-laoch/|teideal=Seacht mbonn, 15 spórt, 134 laoch…|údar=Mártan Ó Ciardha|dáta=22 Nollaig 2024|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2024-12-22}}</ref> == Saol pearsanta == Rinne sí staidéar sa [[An Coláiste Ollscoile, Baile Átha Cliath|Choláiste Ollscoile BÁC]] agus fuair sí céim san [[fisiteiripe|fhisiteiripe]] in 2017. Ar 4 Iúil 2025, d'fhógartha sí go bhfuil ailse uirthi agus thosaigh sí cóir leighis <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/athletics/articles/c70r63pp1xjo|teideal=Ciara Mageean: European champion and two-time Olympian diagnosed with cancer|dáta=2025-07-04|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|dátarochtana=2025-07-04}}</ref>. == Féach freisin == * [[Rhasidat Adeleke]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mageean, Ciara}} [[Catagóir:Daoine as Contae an Dúin]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1992]] [[Catagóir:Mná Éireannacha]] [[Catagóir:Reathaithe]] [[Catagóir:Lúthchleasaithe Éireannacha]] gs0olzp4cewqjjw9yydjug09fqoxdql 0 85282 1272707 1242999 2025-07-05T05:07:59Z Axxter99 67676 1272707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is imreoir haca Éireannach í '''Róisín Upton'''. Rugadh í ar an 1 Aibreán 1994. Bhí sí mar chuid de scuad na hÉireann ag [[Corn an Domhain 2018 i Haca na mBan]] nuair a tháinig siad sa dara háit. {{DEFAULTSORT:Upton, Roisin}} [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1994]] [[Catagóir:Imreoirí sacair na hÉireann]] t1zx5vd04r2gyo3wq1t7z3atna1ukas 0 101133 1272659 1238367 2025-07-04T17:55:00Z 2A06:5900:8104:C800:89BD:3AAD:3613:76B9 1272659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} Le linn [[Cogadh Cathartha na Stát Aontaithe|Chogadh Cathartha na Stát Aontaithe]], ar [[14 Aibreán]] [[1865]], scaoil duine de lucht leanúna an Deiscirt, [[John Wilkes Booth|John Wilkes Boothe]], an tUachtarán [[Abraham Lincoln]]. Bhí [[Cogadh Cathartha na Stát Aontaithe|Cogadh na gCarad]] beagnach críochnaithe nuair a lámhachadh Lincoln i neasraon in [[amharclann]] Ford. Ba bheag nár gabhadh Boothe. Fuair Lincoln bás an lá dár gcionn an 15ú aAbreán. == Féach freisin == * [[John Wilkes Booth]] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} == Naisc sheachtracha == {{síol-stair}} {{síol-us}} [[Catagóir:1865]] [[Catagóir:Cogadh Cathartha na Stát Aontaithe]] [[Catagóir:Feallmharfóirí]] ooe8jc5n6hlinujxzb1j247hglgrmoo 1 111522 1272706 1271801 2025-07-05T02:35:43Z ListeriaBot 25319 Wikidata list updated [V2] 1272706 wikitext text/x-wiki == glanadh-mar|profléitheoireacht de dhíth == Tá súil agam go bhfuil mo bhotúin ceartaithe agam![[Úsáideoir:Ériugena|Ériugena]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Ériugena|plé]]) 14:14, 3 Feabhra 2024 (UTC) :GRMA. [[Úsáideoir:Kevin Scannell|kscanne]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Kevin Scannell|plé]]) 14:18, 3 Feabhra 2024 (UTC) ==https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madarch_meithrin== Is trua nach bhfuil mé in ann leas a bhaint as an 'Wikidata list' seo a leanas; <nowiki> {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P105 wd:Q7432. ?item wdt:P171 ?sub0 . ?sub0 (wdt:P171)* wd:Q913614 } LIMIT 10 |sort=label |columns=label:rhywogaeth,P225,P18:delwedd |row_template=Zutabe formatoa/Familiak |thumb=80 |links= }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! rhywogaeth ! ainm an tacsóin ! delwedd {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q10400771|Acutocapillitium filiforme]]'' | p225 = Acutocapillitium filiforme }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q10400774|Acutocapillitium torrendii]]'' | p225 = Acutocapillitium torrendii }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q10416550|Arachnion album]]'' | p225 = Arachnion album | p18 = [[Íomhá:Arachnion album 364645.jpg|center|80px]] }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q10416551|Arachnion bovista]]'' | p225 = Arachnion bovista }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q10416553|Arachnion iulii]]'' | p225 = Arachnion iulii }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q10416552|Arachnion lazoi]]'' | p225 = Arachnion lazoi }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q10416554|Arachnion lloydianum]]'' | p225 = Arachnion lloydianum }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q10416810|Araneosa columellata]]'' | p225 = Araneosa columellata }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q2092258|Battarrea phalloides]]'' | p225 = Battarrea phalloides | p18 = [[Íomhá:Battarrea phalloides 15328.jpg|center|80px]] }} |- {{Zutabe formatoa/Familiak | label = ''[[:d:Q844279|Podaxis pistillaris]]'' | p225 = Podaxis pistillaris | p18 = [[Íomhá:Mushroom in Wadi Rum 01.jpg|center|80px]] }} |} {{Wikidata list end}}</nowiki> [[Úsáideoir:Ériugena|Ériugena]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Ériugena|plé]]) 14:30, 3 Feabhra 2024 (UTC) 9ugbgoc1fdd7t8pv7zzrt1tbj67sv7a 0 117277 1272728 1254252 2025-07-05T09:37:23Z Túrelio 1618 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: [[File:Trump International Hotel Las Vegas Tesla Cybertruck explosion CCTV.webm]] → [[File:Security footage of Tesla Cybertruck explosion in front of Trump Tower.webm]] Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[c::File:Security footage of Tesla Cybertruck explosion in front of Trump Tower.webm]] 1272728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}} [[Íomhá:Security footage of Tesla Cybertruck explosion in front of Trump Tower.webm|clé|mion|Phléasc trucailín Tesla os comhair Óstán Trump i Las Vegas cúpla uair níos déanaí]] Tharla eachtra i Las Vegas ar Lá Caille 2025, nuair a chuir saighdiúir de chuid na Stát Aontaithe lámh ina bhás féin. Pléascadh Tesla Cybertruck os comhair Óstán Trump in Las Vegas. Chuir Matthew Livelsberger, 37, lámh ina bhás féin. Maíodh nach raibh sceimhlitheoireacht i gceist ach go raibh [[neamhord struis iarthrámaigh]] ar Livelsberger. Sáirsint in arm na Stát Aontaithe san [[An Afganastáin|Afganastáin]] ba ea é agus bronnadh go leor bonn air.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://apnews.com/article/cybertruck-explosion-trump-hotel-las-vegas-6c85af85255753db497f2cd344fb2ace|teideal=Soldier who blew up Tesla at Trump hotel left note saying blast was to be a 'wake up call' for US|dáta=2025-01-03|language=en|work=AP News|dátarochtana=2025-01-04}}</ref> Cúpla uair roimh an eachtra seo, maraíodh 14 agus gortaíodh tríocha duine eile in [[Ionsaí trucailín i New Orleans, 2025|ionsaí trucailín in New Orleans]]'''.''' Eachtra sceimhlitheoireachta a bhí ann, a maíodh; Shamsud-Din Jabbar an fear a rinne an t-ionsaí, iarshaighdiúir de chuid na Stát Aontaithe san [[An Afganastáin|Afganastáin]]. == Féach freisin == * [[Ionsaí trucailín i New Orleans, 2025]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} {{síol-us}} [[Catagóir:Daoine a chuir lámh ina mbás féin]] [[Catagóir:2025]] [[Catagóir:Eachtraí sceimhlitheoireachta]] [[Catagóir:Las Vegas]] 9wq9th8btkf7caeixlijjmdef1x14rd 0 119824 1272738 1272451 2025-07-05T11:18:57Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna fionnuisce */Loch Goir 1272738 wikitext text/x-wiki Seo a leanas liosta lochanna ar oileán [[Éire|na hÉireann]], i dteannta le tábla desna cinn is mó. De réir [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)|Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil]] (GCC), tá tuairim is 12,000 loch i b[[Poblacht na hÉireann]], le hachar níos mó ná 1,200 ciliméadar cearnach.<ref>[https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/waterqua/Water%20Quality%20in%20Ireland%202010-2015.pdf Water Quality in Ireland 2010–2015], cuid 3.1, lth. 27. GCC, 2017. {{ISBN|978-1-84095-735-8}}.</ref> Is é [[Loch nEathach]] i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann]] an loch is mó de réir achair. Is é [[Loch Coirib]] an dara is mó, agus an ceann is mó sa Phoblacht. Is é Loch nEathach fosta an loch is mó de réir toirte. Is é [[Loch Measca]] an ceann is mó sa Phoblacht. == Lochanna is mó == Is iad a leanas na lochanna fionnuisce is mó na hÉireann:<ref>[http://www.osi.ie/Education/Primary-Schools/Seniors/Mountains,-Rivers-Lakes-(1).aspx Mountains, Rivers and Lakes], [[Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann]]</ref><ref>[http://www.fishinginireland.info/trout/shannon/derg.htm Lough Derg], Fishing in Ireland</ref><ref>[http://www.ecn.ac.uk/sites/site/lakes/lough-erne Lough Erne], UK Environmental Change Network</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Ord<br />de&nbsp;réir<br />achair !! Loch !! Achar<br />km² !! Meán-<br />domhain<br />m !! Uas-<br />domhain<br />m !! Toirt<br />×10⁶&nbsp;m³ !! Imeall-<br />bhord<br />km <ref>Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann ''Generalised Rivers & Lakes''</ref> !! Contaetha |- | 1 || [[Loch nEathach]] || 396 || 9.0 || 25 || 3,528 || 186 || [[Contae Aontroma|Aontroim]], [[Contae an Dúin|An Dún]], [[Contae Ard Mhacha|Atá Mhacha]], [[Contae Thír Eoghain|Tír Eoghan]], [[Contae Dhoire|Doire]] |- | 2 || [[Loch Coirib]]<ref>[http://invasivespeciesireland.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Case_Study_2_Lagarosiphon_major_Lough_Corrib.pdf Lagarosiphon major] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116012755/http://invasivespeciesireland.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Case_Study_2_Lagarosiphon_major_Lough_Corrib.pdf |date=2020-11-16 }} – An Aggressive Invasive Species in Lough Corrib</ref> || 176 || 6.5 || 50.9 || 1,158 || 392 || [[Contae na Gaillimhe|Gaillimh]], [[Contae Mhaigh Eo|Mhaigh Eo]] |- | 3 || [[Loch Deirgeirt]]<ref>[http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-22&RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B World Lake Database] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621232653/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-22&RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B |date=2015-06-21 }}</ref> || 130 || 7.6 || 36 || 988 || 229 || [[Contae Thiobraid Árann|Tiobraid Árann]], [[Contae an Chláir|An Clár]], Gaillimh |- | 4 || [[Loch Éirne]] Íochtarach<ref>Heavily Modified Water Bodies – North Western River Basin District P.31 {{lua idirlín | url = http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf | teideal=Archived copy | dátarochtana=2014-10-25 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141025024015/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf | archive-date=2014-10-25 }}</ref> || 109 || 11.9 || 69 || 1,300 || 270 || [[Contae Fhear Manach|Fear Manach]] |- | 5 || [[Loch Rí]]<ref>[http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-21&RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B World Lake Database] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621171638/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-21&RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B |date=2015-06-21 }}</ref> || 105 || 6.2 || 35 || 651 || 192 || [[Contae Ros Comáin|Ros Comáin]], [[Contae an Longfoirt|Longfort]], [[Contae na hIarmhí|An Iarmhí]] |- | 6 || [[Loch Measca]]<ref>[http://www.epa.ie/licences/lic_eDMS/090151b28039ad8b.pdf P.8], [[Comhairle Contae Mhaigh Eo]]</ref> || 83 || 15.0 || 58 || 1,300<ref>[http://www.epa.ie/licences/lic_eDMS/090151b28039ad8b.pdf P.12], CCME</ref> || 192 || Maigh Eo, Gaillimh |- | 7 || [[Loch Con]]<ref>"The trophic status of Lough Conn" P.7, CCME</ref> || 50 || 7.0 || 34 || 350 || 108 || Maigh Eo |- | 8 || [[Loch Aillionn]]<ref>[http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf P158] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417030217/http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf |date=2016-04-17 }}, [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)|Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil]]</ref> || 35 || 10.9 || 42.7 || 391 || 53 || [[Contae Liatroma|Liatroim]], Ros Comáin |- | 9 || [[Loch Éirne]] Uachtarach<ref>Heavily Modified Water Bodies – North Western River Basin District P.29 {{lua idirlín | url = http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf | teideal=Archived copy | dátarochtana=2014-10-25 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141025024015/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf | archive-date=2014-10-25 }}</ref> || 34 || 2.3 || 27 || 79 || 255 || Fear Manach |- | 10 || [[Loch Meilbhe]]<ref>[http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf P159] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417030217/http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf |date=2016-04-17 }}, CCG</ref> || 23 || 7.8 || 44 || 175 || 54 || Fear Manach, Liatroim |- | 11 || [[Loch Léin]]<ref>[http://www.nsshare.com/publications/documents/Ecological%20Classification%20Tools/Hydromorphology%20Rivers_Lakes%20T1%20-%20A7/Lakes/Lake%20Hydromorphology%20Part%201%20Review%20of%20Existing%20Bathymetric%20Information%20for%20Lakes%20T1%20(A7b.1)%20–%201.0.pdf P.15], North South Shared Aquatic Resource (NS Share){{Dead link | date=March 2020 | bot=InternetArchiveBot | fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> || 20 || 13.4 || 60 || 269 || 51 || [[Contae Chiarraí|Ciarraí]] |- | 12 || [[Poll an Phúca (taiscumar)|Poll an Phúca]]<ref>[http://www.nsshare.com/publications/documents/Ecological%20Classification%20Tools/Hydromorphology%20Rivers_Lakes%20T1%20-%20A7/Lakes/Lake%20Hydromorphology%20Part%201%20Review%20of%20Existing%20Bathymetric%20Information%20for%20Lakes%20T1%20(A7b.1)%20–%201.0.pdf P.16], North South Shared Aquatic Resource (NS Share){{Dead link | date=March 2020 | bot=InternetArchiveBot | fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> || 20 || 6.8 || || 135 || 64 || [[Contae Chill Mhantáin|Cill Mhantáin]] |- | 13 || [[Loch Síleann]]<ref>[http://www.wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Sheelin_report1.pdf P.3], Sampling fish for the Water Framework Directive</ref> || 19 || 4.4 || 15 || 83.6 || 36 || An Iarmhí, [[Contae an Chabháin|An Cabhán]], [[Contae na Mí|An Mhí]] |- | 14 || [[Loch Ceara]] || 16 || 1.8 || 18 || 28.8 || 75 || Maigh Eo |} Nóta: Toirt = Achar * Meándomhain Is é [[Loch Mhucrois]], i [[Lochanna Chill Áirne]], an loch Éireannach is doimhne, le huasdomhain 75 m aige.<ref>[http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm Lakes of Killarney], Glen Fia</ref> == Lochanna fionnuisce == Níl ann sa liosta a leanas ach lochanna atá tábhachtach ó thaobh tíreolaíochta, geolaíochta nó staire de. Cuirtear ann fosta na contaetha agus achair. Tógadh lochanna na Poblachta go formhór as an tuairisc ''A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes'' leis an [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)|nGníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil]].<ref name=EPA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf | teideal = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | dáta = 2006 | leathanaigh = 10–13 | foilsitheoir = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | dátarochtana = 14ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022 }}</ref> [[Íomhá:Lough Bunny, to the northern side of Mullach Mor - geograph.org.uk - 67168.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Buinne]] sa [[an Bhoirinn|Bhoirinn]]]] [[Íomhá:Fishing Boats on Inchiquin, Lough Corrib.jpg|thumb|right|Báid iascaireachta ar [[Inis Mhic Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Coirib]]]] [[Íomhá:LoughCullin2.JPG|thumb|[[Loch Cuilinn]] faoi [[Néifinn]]]] [[Íomhá:Lough Dan looking north May 2015 01.JPG|thumb|[[Loch Deán]]]] [[Íomhá:Loughdergdonegal.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Dearg]] agus ''Station Island'']] [[Íomhá:Knockeyon 07.jpg|thumb|right|[[Loch Dairbhreach]] agus [[Cnoic Eoghain]]]] [[Íomhá:Derryclare Lough - geograph.org.uk - 540873.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]]]] [[Íomhá:DooLough Pass Road - BenCreggan - Delphi Pass.JPG|thumb|[[Dúloch, Contae Mhaigh Eo (Muraisc)|Dúloch]], Maigh Eo agus Delphi]] [[Íomhá:Glanmore Lake - geograph.org.uk - 155097.jpg|thumb|[[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]]]] [[Íomhá:Loch an Ghleanna Bhig (Glenbeg Lough) - geograph.org.uk - 263779.jpg|thumb|[[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]]]] [[Íomhá:Glencar Lough and Benbulbin.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]]] [[Íomhá:LoughGur 2002.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Goir]]]] [[Íomhá:View north west across Lough Inagh towards the Twelve Bens - geograph.org.uk - 199770.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Eidhneach]] agus na [[Beanna Beola]]]] [[Íomhá:Lough Key Forest Park 2010 052.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Cé]] agus [[Carraig Locha Cé]]]] [[Íomhá:Kylemore lough - Diamond Hill.JPG|thumb|[[Loch na Coille Móire]] agus [[Binn Ghuaire]]]] [[Íomhá:NunsTurgesius Castle isles Lough Lene.JPG|thumb|right|[[Loch Léinn]] agus [[Inis Turgesius]]]] [[Íomhá:Inishee Island, Lough Macnean Lower - geograph.org.uk - 984290.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair]] agus ''Inishee Island'']] [[Íomhá:Maumeen Lough and the Twelve Bens - geograph.org.uk - 608201.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Mháimín]] agus na Beanna Beola]] [[Íomhá:Lough Tay Panorama.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Té]] agus [[Sléibhte Chill Mhantáin]]]] [[Íomhá:IE Lough Veagh 01.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Ghleann Bheatha]] i nGleann Bheatha]] [[Íomhá:Killykeen Lough Oughter-1.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Uachtair]] ag [[Coillidh Chaoin]]]] {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Loch !! Contae !! Achar km² !! Achar sq&nbsp;mi |- | [[Loch an Chuais]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.66|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Leaca Mór]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Leamhnachta]] || An Clár and Gaillimh || {{convert|0.55|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Aillionn]] || Liatroim || {{convert|33.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Locha Lua]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|1.36|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Easaird]] || Gaillimh|| {{convert|0.87|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.53|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.59|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na nArd-doiriú]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.81|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Arbhach]] || Sligeach, Ros Comáin || {{convert|12.47|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an tSéideáin]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.38|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Tóraic]] || An Clár || {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Eachros Beag]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.74|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhaile an tSagairt]] || Tír Eoghain || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | [[An Loch Bán]] || An Mhí, An Iarmhí || {{convert|0.75|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Beara]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.63|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[An Loch Beag]] || Doire, Aontroim || {{convert|4.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)|Claonloch]] (Droim Dhá Thiar) || Liatroim || {{convert|1.01|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhéal Trá]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|4.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bó Dearg]] || Ros Comáin, Liatroim || {{convert|5.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bó Finne, Contae na Gaillimhe|Loch Bó Finne]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.92|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bó Finne]] || Liatroim, Ros Comáin || {{convert|2.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Lough Brackley]]'' || An Cabhán || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Buinne]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.03|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Camloch]] || Ard Mhacha || {{convert|0.72|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cárthaí]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|4.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ceara]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|15.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|5.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Carraig an Phoirt]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.46|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na Ceathrún Móire]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|9.3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.21|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.64|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Clea Lake]]'' || Ard Mhacha || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | ''[[Cloonacleigha Lough]]'' || Sligeach || {{convert|0.62|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Cloonagh Lough]]'' || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.71|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|1.28|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Locha Chluain Í]] Lár || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.71|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Con]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|48.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Conbhuí]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Coirib]] || Gaillimh, Maigh Eo || {{convert|172.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na gCurrach]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Chrathaí]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Raithin]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.11|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Collán]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.55|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cuilinn]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|10.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Luíoch]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|10.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cútra]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|3.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Deán]] || Cill Mhantáin || {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[An Loch Uachtair]] || Cill Mhantáin || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | [[Loch Deirgeirt]] || An Clár, Gaillimh, Tiobraid Árann || {{convert|122.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dearg]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|8.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dairbhreach]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|9.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|2.24|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dúlocha]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Dúloch, Contae Mhaigh Eo (Muraisc)|Dúloch]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.55|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.49|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Drumaleague Lough]]'' || Liatroim || {{convert|0.05|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dhoirinse]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.70|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Éadaoine]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|2.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dhún Lúiche]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Iascaí]] || Sligeach || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Éigis]] || Muineachán || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Eanach]] || Corcaigh || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | [[Loch Ainninn]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|11.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Éirne]] Íochtair || Fear Manach || {{convert|109|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Éirne]] Uachtair || Fear Manach || {{convert|34|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Eirid]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.82|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Iascaigh]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|3.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Fí]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.74|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Fíoch]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Fearna]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.81|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Finne]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Foirbis]] || Longfort || {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Fuinseann]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|3.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na Foirnéise]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Uí Ghadhra]] || Sligeach || {{convert|12.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Fionnmhaí]] || Liatroim || {{convert|3.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gartáin]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|2.05|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gile (Sligeach agus Liatroim)|Loch Gile]] || Sligeach, Liatroim || {{convert|13.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gile (Contae Chiarraí)|Loch Gile]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|1.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.57|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Ghleanna]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.68|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ghleann Éada]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|0.66|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]] || Liatroim, Sligeach || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.83|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gabhlach]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gamhna]] || An Cabhán, Longfort || {{convert|4.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gréine]] || An Clár || {{convert|3.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Coiteáin]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|2.46|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Lough Gullion]]''<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/protected_areas_home/new_assi_landing_page/county_armagh-2/lough_gullion_assi.htm |teideal=Northern Ireland Environment Agency |dátarochtana=2025-06-19 |archivedate=2015-10-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002124238/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/protected_areas_home/new_assi_landing_page/county_armagh-2/lough_gullion_assi.htm }}</ref> || Ard Mhacha || {{convert|1.3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Goir]] || Luimneach || {{convert|0.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Eidhneach]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|3.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.08|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.77|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Inis Cara]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|4.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Oileáin]] || An Dún || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | [[Loch Iarainn]] || An Iarmhí || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | ''[[Lough Island Reavy]]'' || An Dún || {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.39|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.39|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cé]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|8.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Chill Ghlais]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|2.02|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Choill an Iúir]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|2.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'' || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.43|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cinnéile]] || Longforf, An Iarmhí, Cabhán || {{convert|1.95|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Chionn Droma]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na Coille Móire]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.32|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Tóchair]] || Loch Garman || {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Léinn]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|19.78|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Léin]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|4.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.82|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.23|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' || An Clár || {{convert|0.84|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair]]<ref>[http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Macnean_Upper_report_2010.pdf Inland Fisheries of Ireland: Sampling Fish (Page 2)]</ref> || Fear Manach || {{convert|4.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]<ref>[http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Macnean_Upper_report_2010.pdf Inland Fisheries of Ireland: Sampling Fish (Page 2)]</ref> || Fear Manach, An Cabhán, Liatroim || {{convert|10|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Marbh]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Measca]] || Maigh Eo, Gaillimh || {{convert|83.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mháimín]] || Gaillimh|| {{convert|0.56|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mám Aodha]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.28|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Míle]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.57|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Míolach]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.16|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Meilbhe]] || Fear Manach, Liatroim || {{convert|22.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Moirne]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.67|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mhuiceanach]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.96|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mucnú]] || Muineachán || {{convert|3.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mhucrois]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|2.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|2.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na Fuaiche]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|2.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch nEathach]] || Aontroim, An Dún, Ard Mhacha, Tír Eoghain, Doire || {{convert|396|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.37|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Uachtar]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|6.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Uail]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|10.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Poll an Phúca (taiscumar)|Poll an Phúca]] || Cill Mhantáin || {{convert|19.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Phoirt Mhóir]] || Aontroim || {{convert|2.86|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ramhar]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|7.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Riach]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Rí]] || An Iarmhí, Longfort, Ros Comáin || {{convert|106.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)|Claonloch]] (Maothail)|| Liatroim || {{convert|1.65|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Rois]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Scoir]] || Liatroim || {{convert|1.14|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Síleann]] || An Cabhán, An Mhí, An Iarmhí || {{convert|18.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Siabhair]] || An Iarmhí || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | [[Loch Sindile]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Saileán]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|1.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Lough Skean]]'' || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.14|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Eoin]] || Liatroim || {{convert|1.46|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Sáile]] || Loch Garman || {{convert|3.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Tailt]] || Sligeach || {{convert|1.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Té]] || Cill Mhantáin || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Theach an Teampla]] || Sligeach || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[An Loch Uachtarach]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Upper Lough Skeagh]]'' || An Cabhán || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Urlaur Lough]]'' || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.15|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ghleann Bheatha]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|2.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[White Lough]]'' || Muineachán || {{convert|0.54|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gaineamháin agus Loch na mBreac Dearg]] || Ciarraí || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |} == Lochanna goirte == * [[Loch Tóchair]], Loch Garman == Turlacha == {{príomhalt|Turlach}} * ''[[Loughareema]]'', Aontroim * ''[[Glenamaddy Turlough]]'', Gaillimh * [[Loch an Leathbhaile]], Gaillimh * [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], Gaillimh * [[Log na Sionna]], Cabháin == Taiscumair == * [[Poll an Phúca (taiscumar)|Poll an Phúca]], Chill Mhantáin * ''[[Silent Valley Reservoir]]'', An Dún * [[Taiscumar Speilgeach]], An Dún * [[Taiscumar Fheartraí]], Cill Mhantáin == Lochanna farraige == * [[Loch Lao]], Aontroim agus An Dún * [[Loch Cuan]], An Dúin * [[Loch Feabhail]], Dún na nGall agus Doire * [[Cuan na Gaillimhe]] nó Loch Lurgain, Gaillimh * [[Loch Oighinn]], Corcaigh * [[Loch Latharna]], Aontroim * [[Loch Machan]], Corcaigh * [[Inbhear na Sionainne]], An Mhumha * [[Cuan Thrá Lí]] nó Loch Foirdhreamhain, Ciarraí * [[Cuan Phort Láirge]] nó Loch Dá Chaoch, Port Láirge * [[Cuan Loch Garman]], Loch Garman == Fiordanna == * [[Loch Cairlinn]], Lú agus An Dún * [[Loch Súilí]], Dún na nGall * [[An Caoláire Rua]], Maigh Eo agus Gaillimh == Féach freisin == * [[Aibhneacha na hÉireann]] * [[Liosta Aibhneacha na hÉireann]] * [[Tomhaidhm]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann| ]] sutepzvk5nwofxbimmgd48zhkxggcg4 1272739 1272738 2025-07-05T11:24:37Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna fionnuisce */Loch Uachtair 1272739 wikitext text/x-wiki Seo a leanas liosta lochanna ar oileán [[Éire|na hÉireann]], i dteannta le tábla desna cinn is mó. De réir [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)|Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil]] (GCC), tá tuairim is 12,000 loch i b[[Poblacht na hÉireann]], le hachar níos mó ná 1,200 ciliméadar cearnach.<ref>[https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/waterqua/Water%20Quality%20in%20Ireland%202010-2015.pdf Water Quality in Ireland 2010–2015], cuid 3.1, lth. 27. GCC, 2017. {{ISBN|978-1-84095-735-8}}.</ref> Is é [[Loch nEathach]] i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann]] an loch is mó de réir achair. Is é [[Loch Coirib]] an dara is mó, agus an ceann is mó sa Phoblacht. Is é Loch nEathach fosta an loch is mó de réir toirte. Is é [[Loch Measca]] an ceann is mó sa Phoblacht. == Lochanna is mó == Is iad a leanas na lochanna fionnuisce is mó na hÉireann:<ref>[http://www.osi.ie/Education/Primary-Schools/Seniors/Mountains,-Rivers-Lakes-(1).aspx Mountains, Rivers and Lakes], [[Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann]]</ref><ref>[http://www.fishinginireland.info/trout/shannon/derg.htm Lough Derg], Fishing in Ireland</ref><ref>[http://www.ecn.ac.uk/sites/site/lakes/lough-erne Lough Erne], UK Environmental Change Network</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Ord<br />de&nbsp;réir<br />achair !! Loch !! Achar<br />km² !! Meán-<br />domhain<br />m !! Uas-<br />domhain<br />m !! Toirt<br />×10⁶&nbsp;m³ !! Imeall-<br />bhord<br />km <ref>Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann ''Generalised Rivers & Lakes''</ref> !! Contaetha |- | 1 || [[Loch nEathach]] || 396 || 9.0 || 25 || 3,528 || 186 || [[Contae Aontroma|Aontroim]], [[Contae an Dúin|An Dún]], [[Contae Ard Mhacha|Atá Mhacha]], [[Contae Thír Eoghain|Tír Eoghan]], [[Contae Dhoire|Doire]] |- | 2 || [[Loch Coirib]]<ref>[http://invasivespeciesireland.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Case_Study_2_Lagarosiphon_major_Lough_Corrib.pdf Lagarosiphon major] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116012755/http://invasivespeciesireland.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Case_Study_2_Lagarosiphon_major_Lough_Corrib.pdf |date=2020-11-16 }} – An Aggressive Invasive Species in Lough Corrib</ref> || 176 || 6.5 || 50.9 || 1,158 || 392 || [[Contae na Gaillimhe|Gaillimh]], [[Contae Mhaigh Eo|Mhaigh Eo]] |- | 3 || [[Loch Deirgeirt]]<ref>[http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-22&RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B World Lake Database] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621232653/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-22&RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B |date=2015-06-21 }}</ref> || 130 || 7.6 || 36 || 988 || 229 || [[Contae Thiobraid Árann|Tiobraid Árann]], [[Contae an Chláir|An Clár]], Gaillimh |- | 4 || [[Loch Éirne]] Íochtarach<ref>Heavily Modified Water Bodies – North Western River Basin District P.31 {{lua idirlín | url = http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf | teideal=Archived copy | dátarochtana=2014-10-25 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141025024015/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf | archive-date=2014-10-25 }}</ref> || 109 || 11.9 || 69 || 1,300 || 270 || [[Contae Fhear Manach|Fear Manach]] |- | 5 || [[Loch Rí]]<ref>[http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-21&RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B World Lake Database] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621171638/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-21&RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B |date=2015-06-21 }}</ref> || 105 || 6.2 || 35 || 651 || 192 || [[Contae Ros Comáin|Ros Comáin]], [[Contae an Longfoirt|Longfort]], [[Contae na hIarmhí|An Iarmhí]] |- | 6 || [[Loch Measca]]<ref>[http://www.epa.ie/licences/lic_eDMS/090151b28039ad8b.pdf P.8], [[Comhairle Contae Mhaigh Eo]]</ref> || 83 || 15.0 || 58 || 1,300<ref>[http://www.epa.ie/licences/lic_eDMS/090151b28039ad8b.pdf P.12], CCME</ref> || 192 || Maigh Eo, Gaillimh |- | 7 || [[Loch Con]]<ref>"The trophic status of Lough Conn" P.7, CCME</ref> || 50 || 7.0 || 34 || 350 || 108 || Maigh Eo |- | 8 || [[Loch Aillionn]]<ref>[http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf P158] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417030217/http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf |date=2016-04-17 }}, [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)|Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil]]</ref> || 35 || 10.9 || 42.7 || 391 || 53 || [[Contae Liatroma|Liatroim]], Ros Comáin |- | 9 || [[Loch Éirne]] Uachtarach<ref>Heavily Modified Water Bodies – North Western River Basin District P.29 {{lua idirlín | url = http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf | teideal=Archived copy | dátarochtana=2014-10-25 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141025024015/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf | archive-date=2014-10-25 }}</ref> || 34 || 2.3 || 27 || 79 || 255 || Fear Manach |- | 10 || [[Loch Meilbhe]]<ref>[http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf P159] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417030217/http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf |date=2016-04-17 }}, CCG</ref> || 23 || 7.8 || 44 || 175 || 54 || Fear Manach, Liatroim |- | 11 || [[Loch Léin]]<ref>[http://www.nsshare.com/publications/documents/Ecological%20Classification%20Tools/Hydromorphology%20Rivers_Lakes%20T1%20-%20A7/Lakes/Lake%20Hydromorphology%20Part%201%20Review%20of%20Existing%20Bathymetric%20Information%20for%20Lakes%20T1%20(A7b.1)%20–%201.0.pdf P.15], North South Shared Aquatic Resource (NS Share){{Dead link | date=March 2020 | bot=InternetArchiveBot | fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> || 20 || 13.4 || 60 || 269 || 51 || [[Contae Chiarraí|Ciarraí]] |- | 12 || [[Poll an Phúca (taiscumar)|Poll an Phúca]]<ref>[http://www.nsshare.com/publications/documents/Ecological%20Classification%20Tools/Hydromorphology%20Rivers_Lakes%20T1%20-%20A7/Lakes/Lake%20Hydromorphology%20Part%201%20Review%20of%20Existing%20Bathymetric%20Information%20for%20Lakes%20T1%20(A7b.1)%20–%201.0.pdf P.16], North South Shared Aquatic Resource (NS Share){{Dead link | date=March 2020 | bot=InternetArchiveBot | fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> || 20 || 6.8 || || 135 || 64 || [[Contae Chill Mhantáin|Cill Mhantáin]] |- | 13 || [[Loch Síleann]]<ref>[http://www.wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Sheelin_report1.pdf P.3], Sampling fish for the Water Framework Directive</ref> || 19 || 4.4 || 15 || 83.6 || 36 || An Iarmhí, [[Contae an Chabháin|An Cabhán]], [[Contae na Mí|An Mhí]] |- | 14 || [[Loch Ceara]] || 16 || 1.8 || 18 || 28.8 || 75 || Maigh Eo |} Nóta: Toirt = Achar * Meándomhain Is é [[Loch Mhucrois]], i [[Lochanna Chill Áirne]], an loch Éireannach is doimhne, le huasdomhain 75 m aige.<ref>[http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm Lakes of Killarney], Glen Fia</ref> == Lochanna fionnuisce == Níl ann sa liosta a leanas ach lochanna atá tábhachtach ó thaobh tíreolaíochta, geolaíochta nó staire de. Cuirtear ann fosta na contaetha agus achair. Tógadh lochanna na Poblachta go formhór as an tuairisc ''A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes'' leis an [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)|nGníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil]].<ref name=EPA>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf | teideal = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | dáta = 2006 | leathanaigh = 10–13 | foilsitheoir = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | dátarochtana = 14ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022 }}</ref> [[Íomhá:Lough Bunny, to the northern side of Mullach Mor - geograph.org.uk - 67168.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Buinne]] sa [[an Bhoirinn|Bhoirinn]]]] [[Íomhá:Fishing Boats on Inchiquin, Lough Corrib.jpg|thumb|right|Báid iascaireachta ar [[Inis Mhic Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Coirib]]]] [[Íomhá:LoughCullin2.JPG|thumb|[[Loch Cuilinn]] faoi [[Néifinn]]]] [[Íomhá:Lough Dan looking north May 2015 01.JPG|thumb|[[Loch Deán]]]] [[Íomhá:Loughdergdonegal.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Dearg]] agus ''Station Island'']] [[Íomhá:Knockeyon 07.jpg|thumb|right|[[Loch Dairbhreach]] agus [[Cnoic Eoghain]]]] [[Íomhá:Derryclare Lough - geograph.org.uk - 540873.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]]]] [[Íomhá:DooLough Pass Road - BenCreggan - Delphi Pass.JPG|thumb|[[Dúloch, Contae Mhaigh Eo (Muraisc)|Dúloch]], Maigh Eo agus Delphi]] [[Íomhá:Glanmore Lake - geograph.org.uk - 155097.jpg|thumb|[[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]]]] [[Íomhá:Loch an Ghleanna Bhig (Glenbeg Lough) - geograph.org.uk - 263779.jpg|thumb|[[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]]]] [[Íomhá:Glencar Lough and Benbulbin.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]]] [[Íomhá:LoughGur 2002.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Goir]]]] [[Íomhá:View north west across Lough Inagh towards the Twelve Bens - geograph.org.uk - 199770.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Eidhneach]] agus na [[Beanna Beola]]]] [[Íomhá:Lough Key Forest Park 2010 052.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Cé]] agus [[Carraig Locha Cé]]]] [[Íomhá:Kylemore lough - Diamond Hill.JPG|thumb|[[Loch na Coille Móire]] agus [[Binn Ghuaire]]]] [[Íomhá:NunsTurgesius Castle isles Lough Lene.JPG|thumb|right|[[Loch Léinn]] agus [[Inis Turgesius]]]] [[Íomhá:Inishee Island, Lough Macnean Lower - geograph.org.uk - 984290.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair]] agus ''Inishee Island'']] [[Íomhá:Maumeen Lough and the Twelve Bens - geograph.org.uk - 608201.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Mháimín]] agus na Beanna Beola]] [[Íomhá:Lough Tay Panorama.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Té]] agus [[Sléibhte Chill Mhantáin]]]] [[Íomhá:IE Lough Veagh 01.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Ghleann Bheatha]] i nGleann Bheatha]] [[Íomhá:Killykeen Lough Oughter-1.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Uachtair]] ag [[Coillidh Chaoin]]]] {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Loch !! Contae !! Achar km² !! Achar sq&nbsp;mi |- | [[Loch an Chuais]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.66|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Leaca Mór]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Leamhnachta]] || An Clár and Gaillimh || {{convert|0.55|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Aillionn]] || Liatroim || {{convert|33.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Locha Lua]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|1.36|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Easaird]] || Gaillimh|| {{convert|0.87|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.53|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.59|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na nArd-doiriú]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.81|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Arbhach]] || Sligeach, Ros Comáin || {{convert|12.47|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an tSéideáin]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.38|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Tóraic]] || An Clár || {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Eachros Beag]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.74|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhaile an tSagairt]] || Tír Eoghain || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | [[An Loch Bán]] || An Mhí, An Iarmhí || {{convert|0.75|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Beara]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.63|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[An Loch Beag]] || Doire, Aontroim || {{convert|4.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)|Claonloch]] (Droim Dhá Thiar) || Liatroim || {{convert|1.01|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhéal Trá]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|4.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bó Dearg]] || Ros Comáin, Liatroim || {{convert|5.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bó Finne, Contae na Gaillimhe|Loch Bó Finne]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.92|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bó Finne]] || Liatroim, Ros Comáin || {{convert|2.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Lough Brackley]]'' || An Cabhán || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Buinne]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.03|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Camloch]] || Ard Mhacha || {{convert|0.72|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cárthaí]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|4.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ceara]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|15.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|5.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Carraig an Phoirt]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.46|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na Ceathrún Móire]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|9.3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.21|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.64|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Clea Lake]]'' || Ard Mhacha || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | ''[[Cloonacleigha Lough]]'' || Sligeach || {{convert|0.62|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Cloonagh Lough]]'' || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.71|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|1.28|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Locha Chluain Í]] Lár || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.71|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Con]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|48.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Conbhuí]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Coirib]] || Gaillimh, Maigh Eo || {{convert|172.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na gCurrach]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Chrathaí]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Raithin]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.11|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Collán]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.55|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cuilinn]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|10.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Luíoch]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|10.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cútra]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|3.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Deán]] || Cill Mhantáin || {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[An Loch Uachtair]] || Cill Mhantáin || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | [[Loch Deirgeirt]] || An Clár, Gaillimh, Tiobraid Árann || {{convert|122.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dearg]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|8.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dairbhreach]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|9.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|2.24|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dúlocha]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Dúloch, Contae Mhaigh Eo (Muraisc)|Dúloch]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.55|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.49|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Drumaleague Lough]]'' || Liatroim || {{convert|0.05|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dhoirinse]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.70|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Éadaoine]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|2.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Dhún Lúiche]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Iascaí]] || Sligeach || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Éigis]] || Muineachán || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Eanach]] || Corcaigh || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | [[Loch Ainninn]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|11.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Éirne]] Íochtair || Fear Manach || {{convert|109|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Éirne]] Uachtair || Fear Manach || {{convert|34|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Eirid]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.82|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Iascaigh]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|3.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Fí]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.74|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Fíoch]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Fearna]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.81|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Finne]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Foirbis]] || Longfort || {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Fuinseann]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|3.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na Foirnéise]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Uí Ghadhra]] || Sligeach || {{convert|12.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Fionnmhaí]] || Liatroim || {{convert|3.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gartáin]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|2.05|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gile (Sligeach agus Liatroim)|Loch Gile]] || Sligeach, Liatroim || {{convert|13.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gile (Contae Chiarraí)|Loch Gile]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|1.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.57|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Ghleanna]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.68|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ghleann Éada]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|0.66|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]] || Liatroim, Sligeach || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.83|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gabhlach]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gamhna]] || An Cabhán, Longfort || {{convert|4.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gréine]] || An Clár || {{convert|3.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Coiteáin]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|2.46|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Lough Gullion]]''<ref>{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/protected_areas_home/new_assi_landing_page/county_armagh-2/lough_gullion_assi.htm |teideal=Northern Ireland Environment Agency |dátarochtana=2025-06-19 |archivedate=2015-10-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002124238/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/protected_areas_home/new_assi_landing_page/county_armagh-2/lough_gullion_assi.htm }}</ref> || Ard Mhacha || {{convert|1.3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Goir]] || Luimneach || {{convert|0.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Eidhneach]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|3.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.08|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.77|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Inis Cara]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|4.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Oileáin]] || An Dún || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | [[Loch Iarainn]] || An Iarmhí || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | ''[[Lough Island Reavy]]'' || An Dún || {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.39|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.39|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cé]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|8.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Chill Ghlais]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|2.02|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Choill an Iúir]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|2.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'' || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.43|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Cinnéile]] || Longforf, An Iarmhí, Cabhán || {{convert|1.95|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Chionn Droma]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na Coille Móire]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.32|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Tóchair]] || Loch Garman || {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Léinn]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|19.78|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Léin]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|4.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.82|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.23|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' || An Clár || {{convert|0.84|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair]]<ref>[http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Macnean_Upper_report_2010.pdf Inland Fisheries of Ireland: Sampling Fish (Page 2)]</ref> || Fear Manach || {{convert|4.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]<ref>[http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Macnean_Upper_report_2010.pdf Inland Fisheries of Ireland: Sampling Fish (Page 2)]</ref> || Fear Manach, An Cabhán, Liatroim || {{convert|10|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Marbh]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Measca]] || Maigh Eo, Gaillimh || {{convert|83.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mháimín]] || Gaillimh|| {{convert|0.56|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mám Aodha]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.28|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Míle]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.57|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Míolach]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.16|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Meilbhe]] || Fear Manach, Liatroim || {{convert|22.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Moirne]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.67|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mhuiceanach]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.96|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mucnú]] || Muineachán || {{convert|3.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Mhucrois]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|2.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|2.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch na Fuaiche]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|2.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch nEathach]] || Aontroim, An Dún, Ard Mhacha, Tír Eoghain, Doire || {{convert|396|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.37|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Uachtair]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|6.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Uail]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|10.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Poll an Phúca (taiscumar)|Poll an Phúca]] || Cill Mhantáin || {{convert|19.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Phoirt Mhóir]] || Aontroim || {{convert|2.86|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ramhar]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|7.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Riach]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Rí]] || An Iarmhí, Longfort, Ros Comáin || {{convert|106.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)|Claonloch]] (Maothail)|| Liatroim || {{convert|1.65|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Rois]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch an Scoir]] || Liatroim || {{convert|1.14|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Síleann]] || An Cabhán, An Mhí, An Iarmhí || {{convert|18.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Siabhair]] || An Iarmhí || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |- | [[Loch Sindile]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Saileán]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|1.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Lough Skean]]'' || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.14|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Eoin]] || Liatroim || {{convert|1.46|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Sáile]] || Loch Garman || {{convert|3.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Tailt]] || Sligeach || {{convert|1.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Té]] || Cill Mhantáin || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Theach an Teampla]] || Sligeach || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[An Loch Uachtarach]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Upper Lough Skeagh]]'' || An Cabhán || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[Urlaur Lough]]'' || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.15|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Ghleann Bheatha]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|2.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | ''[[White Lough]]'' || Muineachán || {{convert|0.54|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | [[Loch Gaineamháin agus Loch na mBreac Dearg]] || Ciarraí || ||<!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--> |} == Lochanna goirte == * [[Loch Tóchair]], Loch Garman == Turlacha == {{príomhalt|Turlach}} * ''[[Loughareema]]'', Aontroim * ''[[Glenamaddy Turlough]]'', Gaillimh * [[Loch an Leathbhaile]], Gaillimh * [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], Gaillimh * [[Log na Sionna]], Cabháin == Taiscumair == * [[Poll an Phúca (taiscumar)|Poll an Phúca]], Chill Mhantáin * ''[[Silent Valley Reservoir]]'', An Dún * [[Taiscumar Speilgeach]], An Dún * [[Taiscumar Fheartraí]], Cill Mhantáin == Lochanna farraige == * [[Loch Lao]], Aontroim agus An Dún * [[Loch Cuan]], An Dúin * [[Loch Feabhail]], Dún na nGall agus Doire * [[Cuan na Gaillimhe]] nó Loch Lurgain, Gaillimh * [[Loch Oighinn]], Corcaigh * [[Loch Latharna]], Aontroim * [[Loch Machan]], Corcaigh * [[Inbhear na Sionainne]], An Mhumha * [[Cuan Thrá Lí]] nó Loch Foirdhreamhain, Ciarraí * [[Cuan Phort Láirge]] nó Loch Dá Chaoch, Port Láirge * [[Cuan Loch Garman]], Loch Garman == Fiordanna == * [[Loch Cairlinn]], Lú agus An Dún * [[Loch Súilí]], Dún na nGall * [[An Caoláire Rua]], Maigh Eo agus Gaillimh == Féach freisin == * [[Aibhneacha na hÉireann]] * [[Liosta Aibhneacha na hÉireann]] * [[Tomhaidhm]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann| ]] 0e2jotobprslzyt85ztxgpgv4h0znnn 0 119914 1272730 1271874 2025-07-05T09:54:55Z InternetArchiveBot 47196 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1272730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} == Billie Joe Armstrong == '''[[imdbname:0035626|Billie Joe Armstrong]]''' (rugadh é ar 17 Feabhra, 1972) Is ceolteoir agus aisteoir meiriceánach é. Is fearr aithne air mar phríomhamhránaí, [[giotáraí]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.waltons.ie/product-category/play-music/irish-and-folk/guitars-irish-and-folk/|teideal=Guitars - {{!}} Waltons Music|language=en-US|work=www.waltons.ie|dátarochtana=2025-06-24}}</ref> agus príomhscríbhneoir amhrán an bhanna rac-cheoil [[Green Day]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://greenday.com/|teideal=Green Day|work=greenday.com|dátarochtana=2025-06-24}}</ref>, a bhunaigh sé i gcomhar le [[Mike Dirnt]] i 1987. Is giotáraí agus amhránaí é freisin don bhanna rac-cheoil punc [[Pinhead Gunpowder]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/3FV6RFbfc6do1nCakWsNBx|teideal=Pinhead Gunpowder|language=en|work=Spotify|dátarochtana=2025-06-24}}</ref>, agus is é príomhamhránaí Green Day do thionscadail taobh Green Day, [[Foxboro Hot Tubs]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/5tI0Vj2FhioY8AKtEqu9d3|teideal=Foxboro Hottubs|language=en|work=Spotify|dátarochtana=2025-06-24}}</ref>, [[the Network]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://thenetworkband.com/|teideal=The Network|language=en-US|work=The Network|dátarochtana=2025-06-24}}</ref>, [[the Longshot]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://greenday.fm/music/side-projects/the-longshot/|teideal=The Longshot|language=en-US|work=GreenDay.fm|dátarochtana=2025-06-24}}</ref> agus [[the Coverups]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://greenday.fm/music/side-projects/the-coverups/|teideal=The Coverups|language=en-US|work=GreenDay.fm|dátarochtana=2025-06-24}}</ref>. Meastar ag criticeoirí gur duine de na goitáirí punc-rac is fearr riamh. == Luath Saol == Rugadh Armstrong in [[Oakland, California]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Oakland-California|teideal=Oakland {{!}} History, Climate, Population, Maps, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|dáta=2025-06-21|language=en|work=www.britannica.com|dátarochtana=2025-06-24}}</ref>[[Oakland, California|,]] ar an 17 Feabhra, 1972, an duine ab óige de sheisear clainne Ollie Jackson (rugadh 1932) agus Andrew Marsicano Armstrong (1928–1982). Tógadh é i [[Íomhá:1,000 Hours Cover.jpg|mion|This is the cover of the debut EP "1,000 Hours" by the American band Green Day]][[Rodeo, California]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.niche.com/places-to-live/rodeo-contra-costa-ca/|teideal=Rodeo, CA|language=en-US|work=Niche|dátarochtana=2025-06-24|archivedate=2025-06-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250624120243/https://www.niche.com/places-to-live/rodeo-contra-costa-ca/}}</ref>. Fuair ​​a athair, ceoltóir snagcheoil agus tiománaí trucaile do [[Safeway]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDZ3P8Oq2BfyAdO6toiuSF4qhoJxwAefW|teideal=YouTube Music|language=en|work=YouTube Music|dátarochtana=2025-06-24}}</ref>, bás de bharr [[ailse éasafagas]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://ocf.ie/about-oesophageal-cancer/|teideal=About Oesophageal Cancer|language=en-US|work=Oesophageal Cancer Fund|dátarochtana=2025-06-24}}</ref> ar an 10 Meán Fómhair, 1982, nuair a bhí Armstrong 10 mbliana d'aois. Fuiar a athair bás, sin an fáth gur scríobh sé an amhráin ''Wake Me Up When September Ends''.<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Green Day - Wake Me Up When September Ends [Official Music Video] [4K Upgrade]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NU9JoFKlaZ0|date=2009-10-26|author=Green Day}}</ref> Thosaigh Armstrong ag foghlaim ceol nuair a bhí sé óg, agus thaifead sé a chéad amhrán nuair a bhí sé cúig bliana d'aois. Chuaigh sé go dtí bunscoil d'arb ainm Hillcrest Elementary School i Rodeo, áit ar spreag múinteoir é chun amhrán dar teideal ''[[Look for Love]]''<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Billie Joe: Look For Love [Look For Love Single {{!}} 1977]|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8i_UTmtc-ag|date=2020-06-18|author=Green Day Play!}}</ref> a thaifeadadh ag aois a cúig Bhuail sé le Dirnt agus é ag freastal ar an mbunscoil, agus cheangail an bheirt láithreach bonn lena chéile mar gheall ar a spéis sa cheol, agus bhunaigh siad an banna Sweet Children nuair a bhí an bheirt ceithre bliana déag d'aois. D'athraigh an banna a ainm go Green Day ina dhiaidh sin. Tá tionscadail cheoil déanta ag Armstrong freisin, lena n-áirítear go leor comhoibrithe le ceoltóirí eile. Is é [[Van Halen]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/2cnMpRsOVqtPMfq7YiFE6K|teideal=Van Halen|language=en|work=Spotify|dátarochtana=2025-06-25}}</ref> agus [[Ramones]] cinn den banna is insporáidach do Billie Joe. == Gairm == Sa bhliain 1987, agus é 15 bliana d'aois, bhunaigh Armstrong banna darb ainm Sweet Children lena chara óige Mike Dirnt. Ar dtús, sheinn Armstrong agus Dirnt an giotár araon, le [[Raj Punjabi]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://greenday.fandom.com/wiki/Raj_Punjabi|teideal=Raj Punjabi|language=en|work=Green Day Wiki|dátarochtana=2025-06-24}}</ref> ar na drumaí agus Sean Hughes ar an dordghiotár. Tháinig [[John Kiffmeyer]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.geekstinkbreath.net/greenday/article/meet-john-kiffmeyer/|teideal=Meet John Kiffmeyer - Green Day articles - GeekStinkBreath.net|work=www.geekstinkbreath.net|dátarochtana=2025-06-24}}</ref>, ar a dtugtar Al Sobrante freisin, in áit Punjabi ar na drumaí ina dhiaidh sin. Tar éis cúpla léiriú, d'fhág Hughes an banna sa bhliain 1988; thosaigh Dirnt ag seinm dordghiotár ansin agus rinneadh banna trí phíosa díobh. D'athraigh siad a n-ainm go Green Day i mí Aibreáin 1989, ag roghnú an ainm mar gheall ar a ndúil i [[marijuana]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/cannabis-marijuana|teideal=Cannabis (Marijuana) {{!}} National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)|údar=National Institute on Drug Abuse|dáta=2024-09-24|language=en|work=nida.nih.gov|dátarochtana=2025-06-24}}</ref>. Sa bhliain 1989, d’eisigh Green Day a gcéad EP ''[[1,000 Hours]]''<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=1,000 Hours|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/2bliENmIxLMfB5cNVRvqAM|date=1991-07-01|language=en}}</ref> trí [[Lookout! Records]]. Thaifead siad a gcéad albam stiúideo ''[[39/smooth]]''<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Green Day - 39/Smooth|url=https://www.discogs.com/master/706673-Green-Day-39Smooth|date=1990|language=en}}</ref> agus an dráma leathnaithe ''[[Slappy]]''<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Green Day - Slappy E.P.|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/472030-Green-Day-Slappy-EP|date=1990|language=en}}</ref> sa bhliain 1990, a cuireadh le chéile le 1,000 Hours níos déanaí sa bhailiúchán ''[[1,039/Smoothed Out Slappy Hours]]''<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Green Day - 1,039 / Smoothed Out Slappy Hours|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/1453513-Green-Day-1039-Smoothed-Out-Slappy-Hours|date=1997|language=en}}</ref> sa bhliain 1991. [[Íomhá:RiP2013 GreenDay Billie Joe Armstrong 0003.JPG|mion|Billie Joe Armstrong, singer and guitarist of Green Day, stands on the Center Stage of Rock im Park-Festival 2013.]] Sa bhliain 1991, chuaigh Armstrong isteach sa bhanna [[Pinhead Gunpowder]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/3FV6RFbfc6do1nCakWsNBx|teideal=Pinhead Gunpowder|language=en|work=Spotify|dátarochtana=2025-06-24}}</ref>, ina raibh an dordghiotáraí [[Bill Schneider]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.greendayauthority.com/band/bill.php|teideal=Bill Schneider Biography|work=www.greendayauthority.com|dátarochtana=2025-06-24}}</ref>, an drumadóir [[Aaron Cometbus]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://microcosmpublishing.com/catalog/artist/aaron-cometbus?srsltid=AfmBOopOC_jZofvt9cv2o70tcEc2-P6Jh2e7TwZ3P2SUQLtobgZ4FY8T|teideal=Aaron Cometbus|language=en|work=Microcosm Publishing|dátarochtana=2025-06-24}}</ref>, agus an t-amhránaí/giotáraí Sarah Kirsch. D’fhág Kirsch an grúpa sa bhliain 1992, agus tháinig [[Jason White]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.instagram.com/jasonwhiteguitarish/?hl=en|teideal=Instagram|work=www.instagram.com|dátarochtana=2025-06-24}}</ref> ina áit. Tá roinnt drámaí fada agus albam eisithe ag an ngrúpa ó 1991 go dtí an lá atá inniu ann, agus bíonn seónna beo acu ó am go ham. Sa bhliain 2004, sheol Green Day a gcéad [[cheoldráma rac-cheoil]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/music/rock-operas|teideal=Rock Operas {{!}} EBSCO Research Starters|language=en|work=www.ebsco.com|dátarochtana=2025-06-24}}</ref>, ''[[American Idiot]]''<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=American Idiot|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/5dN7F9DV0Qg1XRdIgW8rke|date=2004-09-21|language=en}}</ref>. Tá níos mó ná 15,000,000 cóip díolta den albam ar fud an domhain, agus na singlí móréilimh ''"[[American Idiot]]''<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Green Day - American Idiot (Live at Coachella 2025)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLzd5VbiPN0|date=2025-04-16|author=Green Day}}</ref>", "''[[Boulevard of Broken Dreams]]''<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Boulevard of Broken Dreams|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/2sIWM1FzNqLCccNwXuC4SA|date=2004-01-01|language=en}}</ref>" agus "''[[Wake Me Up When September Ends]]''<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Wake Me up When September Ends|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/3ZffCQKLFLUvYM59XKLbVm|date=2004-09-21|language=en}}</ref>" mar bhunús leis an albam. Sa bhliain 2009, d'eisigh Green Day ''[[21st Century Breakdown]]''<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=21st Century Breakdown|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/1AHZd3C3S8m8fFrhFxyk79|date=2009-05-15|language=en}}</ref>, an dara ceoldráma rac-cheoil ón mbanna, a bhí ina rath tráchtála eile. Idir an dá thionscadal seo, ba é Armstrong príomhamhránaí thionscadal taobh Green Day [[Foxboro Hot Tubs]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/5tI0Vj2FhioY8AKtEqu9d3|teideal=Foxboro Hottubs|language=en|work=Spotify|dátarochtana=2025-06-25}}</ref>, a bunaíodh sa bhliain 2007 agus a bhfuil seónna beo á ndéanamh acu ó am go ham ó shin. D'eisigh Foxboro Hot Tubs albam amháin, [[Stop Drop and Roll!!!]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://greenday.fm/|teideal=Green Day Online - Welcome To Fan Paradise|language=en-US|work=GreenDay.fm|dátarochtana=2025-06-25}}</ref>, sa bhliain 2008. == 2012 Mí-Úsáid Substaintí == Ar an 21 Meán Fómhair 2012, le linn léiriú Green Day ag [[Féile Cheoil iHeartRadio]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.iheart.com/music-festival/|teideal=iHeartRadio Music Festival {{!}} iHeartRadio|language=en|work=iHeartRadio Music Festival|dátarochtana=2025-06-25}}</ref> i Las Vegas, tháinig fearg ar Armstrong ar an stáitse agus chuir sé isteach ar sheit an bhanna i lár a n-amhrán cáiliúil ''"[[Basket Case]]''<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Basket Case|url=https://open.spotify.com/track/6L89mwZXSOwYl76YXfX13s|date=1994-02-01|language=en}}</ref>" ó 1994. I sraith maslaí, cháin Armstrong eagraithe an imeachta as seinm an bhanna a ghiorrú, sular bhris sé a ghiotár agus rith sé den stáitse go tobann. D'eisigh an banna ráiteas ina dhiaidh sin ag gabháil leithscéil as an eachtra agus ag soiléiriú nár gearradh a seinm gearr. Tharla an eachtra díreach ceithre lá roimh eisiúint naoú halbam stiúideo Green Day, ¡Uno!<ref>{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=¡UNO!|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6AFJIZmd1zWQDBBwHyeo9w|date=2012-09-24|language=en}}</ref> Dhá lá i ndiaidh na heachtra ag [[Féile Cheoil iHeartRadio]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.iheart.com/music-festival/|teideal=iHeartRadio Music Festival {{!}} iHeartRadio|language=en|work=iHeartRadio Music Festival|dátarochtana=2025-06-25}}</ref>, d’fhógair Green Day go raibh Armstrong ag lorg cóireála le haghaidh fadhb mí-úsáide substaintí neamhshonraithe. De réir Claudia Suarez Wright, iar-bhean chéile Tre Cool agus máthair mhac baiste Armstrong, bhí Armstrong ag ól go trom i Las Vegas roimh [[Fhéile Cheoil iHeartRadio]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.iheart.com/music-festival/|teideal=iHeartRadio Music Festival {{!}} iHeartRadio|language=en|work=iHeartRadio Music Festival|dátarochtana=2025-06-25}}</ref>, tar éis thart ar bhliain amháin de mheabhairghalar. [[Íomhá:Billie Joe Armstrong Guitar in 2010 (5).jpg|mion|Billie Joe Armstrong Performing On Stage In 2010]] Thug Armstrong agallamh do [[Rolling Stone]]<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/billie-joe-armstrong-the-rolling-stone-interview-94267/|teideal=Billie Joe Armstrong: The Rolling Stone Interview|údar=David Fricke|dáta=2013-03-14|language=en-US|work=Rolling Stone|dátarochtana=2025-06-25}}</ref> i mí an Mhárta 2013 inar dúirt sé go raibh sé "ag iarraidh éirí meabhrach ó 1997, timpeall Nimrod". Phléigh sé conas, le linn chamchuairt 21st Century Breakdown in 2009–2010, "Bhí meathlú ollmhór ar an gcamchuairt sin". Mhínigh Armstrong a andúil, go háirithe conas a mhéadaigh sé sna míonna roimh scaoileadh na n-albam ¡Uno!, ¡Dos!, agus ¡Tre! agus an taibhiú ag iHeartRadio, ag rá le linn chamchuairt samhraidh na hEorpa in 2011, "Bhí mé ar mo bhuaicphointe maidir le piollaí a thógáil ag an am sin, ag glacadh an leighis go hiomlán". Thug Armstrong sonraí faoi ghig ag Irving Plaza i Nua-Eabhrac beagán os cionn seachtaine roimh eachtra iHeartRadio, inar "Chaith sé ceithre nó cúig bheoir siar sula ndeachaigh muid ar an stáitse agus is dócha go raibh ceithre nó cúig cinn aige nuair a sheinn muid. Ansin d'ól mé mo mheáchan coirp in alcól ina dhiaidh sin. Chríochnaigh mé le póit ar an West Side Highway, i mo luí i bpáirc bheag." == Billie Joe Armstrong LADTA+ == Phléigh Billie Joe Armstrong a dhéghnéasacht go poiblí in agallamh le The Advocate sa bhliain 1995. Dúirt sé, "Sílim go raibh mé i gcónaí déghnéasach. Is rud é a raibh suim agam ann i gcónaí," [https://www.tiktok.com/@bidotorg/video/7380136573494545710 de réir físeán TikTok]. Lean sé de bheith ag glacadh leis an bhféiniúlacht seo agus aithnítear é mar dheilbhín déghnéasach, de réir Hindustan Times. Meastar freisin go léiríonn an t-amhrán "Coming Clean" ón albam "Dookie" a thuras pearsanta féinfhionnachtana maidir lena ghnéasacht, [https://bi.org/en/famous/billie-joe-armstrong de réir Bi.org] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Rialú údaráis}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Armstrong, Billie Joe}} qd84s5m64p6iwiijhpiya7zltleenzl 2 119997 1272629 1272624 2025-07-04T13:48:04Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272629 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce bivalve|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. '' [[Loch Marbh]] might be considered a continuation of Loch an Scuir, as they share the same level and connected by a half-mile channel.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=22}} [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] is connected to Lough scur by a small stream about {{convert|250|metre|1}} in length. [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] drains into Loch an Scuir by a {{convert|450|m|1}} stream running through [[Drumcong]] townland.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]], lying {{convert|1|km|1}} to the south west, is connected via the [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. '' [[Morainic drift]] has heaped up thousands of drumlins in the surrounding lowlands.{{sfn|Moody|1976|pp=48}}{{sfn|McCabe|2008|pp=65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].{{sfn|Inland Fisheries Ireland|2014|pp=20-25}}{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Large pike have been caught here weighing {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} or more.{{sfn|anglingireland}} Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.{{sfn |Minchin|Lucy|Sullivan|2002|pp=10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} ==Demography ===Canal Lough Scur forms part of the [[Shannon–Erne Waterway]], lying at the [[Canal pound#Summit pound|summit]] of the canal connecting Lough Scur to the [[River Shannon]], just south of [[Leitrim, County Leitrim|Leitrim village]]. The original canal was constructed in the 1840s, fell into decline as the rail network prospered, but was reopened in 1994 to develop the region's tourism industry.{{sfn|iRBD|2008|pp=56}} The levels of Lough Scur are controlled by [[Waterways Ireland]] via two [[Spillway]]s. The recording of large numbers of ancient dug-out canoes from county Leitrim remind us that waterways have always been a key means of transport in Ireland.{{sfn|O'Drisceoil|Leenane|Davis|Fitzgibbon|2014|p=3}} ===Villages The primary [[human settlement]]s at Lough Scur are the villages of [[Keshcarrigan]] and [[Drumcong]]. == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. <!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] *[[The Keshcarrigan Bowl]] *[[Kiltubrid Shield]] ==References and notes == ===Notes {{Reflist|82em|group=n}} ===Citations {{Reflist|42em}} ===Sources * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | title = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} |title=Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{citation |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography |publisher=Journal of Biogeography, 41(3), 548–560. |url= |year=2014 |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001.* |year=2002 |last1=Minchin |last2=Lucy |last3=Sullivan |url=http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf |publisher=Marine Institute |volume=Marine Environment and Health Series, No. 5, 2002 }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |title=A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland |volume=1 of A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland, Ed. by Daibhi O Croinin, W. E. Vaughan |first=Theodore William |last=Moody |editor=Theodore William Moody |editor2=Francis X. Martin |editor3=Francis John Byrne |editor4=Art Cosgrove |edition=illustrated, reprint |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0198217374 }} *{{cite web |title=Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web |title=Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web |title=Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite AFM}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFO'Donovan1856}} *{{cite web |title=The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web |title=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Naisc sheachtracha *{{cite web |url=https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ |title=Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} *{{cite web |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx |title=Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} *{{cite web |title=Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim |url=http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm |year=2002 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] lpc1z2dfmwqbsj1w1q20sm2w3jju8pl 1272631 1272629 2025-07-04T15:23:20Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272631 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce bivalve|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. '' [[Loch Marbh]] might be considered a continuation of Loch an Scuir, as they share the same level and connected by a half-mile channel.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=22}} [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] is connected to Lough scur by a small stream about {{convert|250|metre|1}} in length. [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] drains into Loch an Scuir by a {{convert|450|m|1}} stream running through [[Drumcong]] townland.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]], lying {{convert|1|km|1}} to the south west, is connected via the [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. '' D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch an Scoir é Loch Marbh, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le [[Loch Eoin]] agus Loch an Scoir trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. '' [[Morainic drift]] has heaped up thousands of drumlins in the surrounding lowlands.{{sfn|Moody|1976|pp=48}}{{sfn|McCabe|2008|pp=65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].{{sfn|Inland Fisheries Ireland|2014|pp=20-25}}{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Large pike have been caught here weighing {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} or more.{{sfn|anglingireland}} Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.{{sfn |Minchin|Lucy|Sullivan|2002|pp=10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} ==Demography ===Canal Lough Scur forms part of the [[Shannon–Erne Waterway]], lying at the [[Canal pound#Summit pound|summit]] of the canal connecting Lough Scur to the [[River Shannon]], just south of [[Leitrim, County Leitrim|Leitrim village]]. The original canal was constructed in the 1840s, fell into decline as the rail network prospered, but was reopened in 1994 to develop the region's tourism industry.{{sfn|iRBD|2008|pp=56}} The levels of Lough Scur are controlled by [[Waterways Ireland]] via two [[Spillway]]s. The recording of large numbers of ancient dug-out canoes from county Leitrim remind us that waterways have always been a key means of transport in Ireland.{{sfn|O'Drisceoil|Leenane|Davis|Fitzgibbon|2014|p=3}} ===Villages The primary [[human settlement]]s at Lough Scur are the villages of [[Keshcarrigan]] and [[Drumcong]]. == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. <!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] *[[The Keshcarrigan Bowl]] *[[Kiltubrid Shield]] ==References and notes == ===Notes {{Reflist|82em|group=n}} ===Citations {{Reflist|42em}} ===Sources * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | title = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} |title=Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{citation |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography |publisher=Journal of Biogeography, 41(3), 548–560. |url= |year=2014 |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001.* |year=2002 |last1=Minchin |last2=Lucy |last3=Sullivan |url=http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf |publisher=Marine Institute |volume=Marine Environment and Health Series, No. 5, 2002 }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |title=A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland |volume=1 of A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland, Ed. by Daibhi O Croinin, W. E. Vaughan |first=Theodore William |last=Moody |editor=Theodore William Moody |editor2=Francis X. Martin |editor3=Francis John Byrne |editor4=Art Cosgrove |edition=illustrated, reprint |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0198217374 }} *{{cite web |title=Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web |title=Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web |title=Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite AFM}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFO'Donovan1856}} *{{cite web |title=The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web |title=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Naisc sheachtracha *{{cite web |url=https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ |title=Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} *{{cite web |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx |title=Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} *{{cite web |title=Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim |url=http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm |year=2002 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] hyxixwvk5xv8xkebjvpru39bh19wta1 1272632 1272631 2025-07-04T16:14:15Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch an Scuir */ 1272632 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.{{sfn|Moody|1976|pp=48}}{{sfn|McCabe|2008|pp=65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].{{sfn|Inland Fisheries Ireland|2014|pp=20-25}}{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.{{sfn|anglingireland}} Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.{{sfn |Minchin|Lucy|Sullivan|2002|pp=10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. <!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] *[[The Keshcarrigan Bowl]] *[[Kiltubrid Shield]] ==References and notes == ===Notes {{Reflist|82em|group=n}} ===Citations {{Reflist|42em}} ===Sources * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | title = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} |title=Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{citation |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography |publisher=Journal of Biogeography, 41(3), 548–560. |url= |year=2014 |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001.* |year=2002 |last1=Minchin |last2=Lucy |last3=Sullivan |url=http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf |publisher=Marine Institute |volume=Marine Environment and Health Series, No. 5, 2002 }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |title=A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland |volume=1 of A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland, Ed. by Daibhi O Croinin, W. E. Vaughan |first=Theodore William |last=Moody |editor=Theodore William Moody |editor2=Francis X. Martin |editor3=Francis John Byrne |editor4=Art Cosgrove |edition=illustrated, reprint |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0198217374 }} *{{cite web |title=Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web |title=Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web |title=Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite AFM}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFO'Donovan1856}} *{{cite web |title=The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web |title=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Naisc sheachtracha *{{cite web |url=https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ |title=Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} *{{cite web |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx |title=Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} *{{cite web |title=Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim |url=http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm |year=2002 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 9wetaa9h75p59nkffxs4qzlgs8piscl 1272633 1272632 2025-07-04T16:15:35Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Oidhreacht */ 1272633 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.{{sfn|Moody|1976|pp=48}}{{sfn|McCabe|2008|pp=65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].{{sfn|Inland Fisheries Ireland|2014|pp=20-25}}{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.{{sfn|anglingireland}} Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.{{sfn |Minchin|Lucy|Sullivan|2002|pp=10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == ===Notes {{Reflist|82em|group=n}} ===Citations {{Reflist|42em}} ===Sources * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | title = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} |title=Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{citation |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography |publisher=Journal of Biogeography, 41(3), 548–560. |url= |year=2014 |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001.* |year=2002 |last1=Minchin |last2=Lucy |last3=Sullivan |url=http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf |publisher=Marine Institute |volume=Marine Environment and Health Series, No. 5, 2002 }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |title=A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland |volume=1 of A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland, Ed. by Daibhi O Croinin, W. E. Vaughan |first=Theodore William |last=Moody |editor=Theodore William Moody |editor2=Francis X. Martin |editor3=Francis John Byrne |editor4=Art Cosgrove |edition=illustrated, reprint |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0198217374 }} *{{cite web |title=Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web |title=Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web |title=Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite AFM}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFO'Donovan1856}} *{{cite web |title=The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web |title=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Naisc sheachtracha *{{cite web |url=https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ |title=Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} *{{cite web |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx |title=Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} *{{cite web |title=Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim |url=http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm |year=2002 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] al62qd3tcwju0accm98l6y6dunk3jlx 1272634 1272633 2025-07-04T16:17:24Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272634 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.{{sfn|Moody|1976|pp=48}}{{sfn|McCabe|2008|pp=65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].{{sfn|Inland Fisheries Ireland|2014|pp=20-25}}{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.{{sfn|anglingireland}} Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.{{sfn |Minchin|Lucy|Sullivan|2002|pp=10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == ===Notes {{Reflist|82em|group=n}} ===Citations {{Reflist|42em}} ===Sources * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | title = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} |title=Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{citation |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography |publisher=Journal of Biogeography, 41(3), 548–560. |url= |year=2014 |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001.* |year=2002 |last1=Minchin |last2=Lucy |last3=Sullivan |url=http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf |publisher=Marine Institute |volume=Marine Environment and Health Series, No. 5, 2002 }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |title=A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland |volume=1 of A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland, Ed. by Daibhi O Croinin, W. E. Vaughan |first=Theodore William |last=Moody |editor=Theodore William Moody |editor2=Francis X. Martin |editor3=Francis John Byrne |editor4=Art Cosgrove |edition=illustrated, reprint |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0198217374 }} *{{cite web |title=Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web |title=Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web |title=Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite AFM}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFO'Donovan1856}} *{{cite web |title=The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web |title=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Naisc sheachtracha *{{cite web |url=https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ |title=Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} *{{cite web |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx |title=Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} *{{cite web |title=Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim |url=http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm |year=2002 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] gitnftm5gkbrdn6uejgf0nq2esqak2x 1272635 1272634 2025-07-04T16:18:40Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272635 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.{{sfn|Moody|1976|pp=48}}{{sfn|McCabe|2008|pp=65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].{{sfn|Inland Fisheries Ireland|2014|pp=20-25}}{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.{{sfn|anglingireland}} Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.{{sfn |Minchin|Lucy|Sullivan|2002|pp=10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == ===Notes {{Reflist|82em|group=n}} ===Citations {{Reflist|42em}} ===Sources * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | title = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} |title=Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{citation |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography |publisher=Journal of Biogeography, 41(3), 548–560. |url= |year=2014 |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001.* |year=2002 |last1=Minchin |last2=Lucy |last3=Sullivan |url=http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf |publisher=Marine Institute |volume=Marine Environment and Health Series, No. 5, 2002 }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |title=A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland |volume=1 of A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland, Ed. by Daibhi O Croinin, W. E. Vaughan |first=Theodore William |last=Moody |editor=Theodore William Moody |editor2=Francis X. Martin |editor3=Francis John Byrne |editor4=Art Cosgrove |edition=illustrated, reprint |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0198217374 }} *{{cite web |title=Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web |title=Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web |title=Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite AFM}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFO'Donovan1856}} *{{cite web |title=The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web |title=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Naisc sheachtracha *{{cite web |url=https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ |title=Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} *{{cite web |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx |title=Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} *{{cite web |title=Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim |url=http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm |year=2002 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] kfoxcxk1f5rmw47uqwuneyd6ogp5uz7 1272636 1272635 2025-07-04T16:19:19Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272636 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.{{sfn|Moody|1976|pp=48}}{{sfn|McCabe|2008|pp=65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].{{sfn|Inland Fisheries Ireland|2014|pp=20-25}}{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.{{sfn|anglingireland}} Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.{{sfn |Minchin|Lucy|Sullivan|2002|pp=10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == ===Sources * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | title = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} |title=Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{citation |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography |publisher=Journal of Biogeography, 41(3), 548–560. |url= |year=2014 |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001.* |year=2002 |last1=Minchin |last2=Lucy |last3=Sullivan |url=http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf |publisher=Marine Institute |volume=Marine Environment and Health Series, No. 5, 2002 }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |title=A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland |volume=1 of A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland, Ed. by Daibhi O Croinin, W. E. Vaughan |first=Theodore William |last=Moody |editor=Theodore William Moody |editor2=Francis X. Martin |editor3=Francis John Byrne |editor4=Art Cosgrove |edition=illustrated, reprint |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0198217374 }} *{{cite web |title=Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web |title=Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web |title=Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite AFM}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFO'Donovan1856}} *{{cite web |title=The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web |title=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Naisc sheachtracha *{{cite web |url=https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ |title=Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} *{{cite web |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx |title=Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} *{{cite web |title=Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim |url=http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm |year=2002 }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 3stz0bh6l3ddfxketz9dtu2kfpbu1e3 1272637 1272636 2025-07-04T16:19:36Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272637 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.{{sfn|Moody|1976|pp=48}}{{sfn|McCabe|2008|pp=65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].{{sfn|Inland Fisheries Ireland|2014|pp=20-25}}{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.{{sfn|anglingireland}} Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.{{sfn |Minchin|Lucy|Sullivan|2002|pp=10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == ===Sources * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | title = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} |title=Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{citation |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography |publisher=Journal of Biogeography, 41(3), 548–560. |url= |year=2014 |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001.* |year=2002 |last1=Minchin |last2=Lucy |last3=Sullivan |url=http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf |publisher=Marine Institute |volume=Marine Environment and Health Series, No. 5, 2002 }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |title=A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland |volume=1 of A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland, Ed. by Daibhi O Croinin, W. E. Vaughan |first=Theodore William |last=Moody |editor=Theodore William Moody |editor2=Francis X. Martin |editor3=Francis John Byrne |editor4=Art Cosgrove |edition=illustrated, reprint |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0198217374 }} *{{cite web |title=Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web |title=Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web |title=Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite AFM}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFO'Donovan1856}} *{{cite web |title=The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web |title=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Naisc sheachtracha *{{cite web |url=https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ |title=Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} *{{cite web |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx |title=Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} *{{cite web |title=Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim |url=http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm |year=2002 }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] dwvyxzj4xi87ttj1oqgtzv4vggsh95m 1272638 1272637 2025-07-04T16:23:36Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272638 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].{{sfn|Inland Fisheries Ireland|2014|pp=20-25}}{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} '' Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.{{sfn|anglingireland}} Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.{{sfn |Minchin|Lucy|Sullivan|2002|pp=10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == ===Sources * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | title = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} |title=Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{citation |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography |publisher=Journal of Biogeography, 41(3), 548–560. |url= |year=2014 |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001.* |year=2002 |last1=Minchin |last2=Lucy |last3=Sullivan |url=http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf |publisher=Marine Institute |volume=Marine Environment and Health Series, No. 5, 2002 }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |title=A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland |volume=1 of A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland, Ed. by Daibhi O Croinin, W. E. Vaughan |first=Theodore William |last=Moody |editor=Theodore William Moody |editor2=Francis X. Martin |editor3=Francis John Byrne |editor4=Art Cosgrove |edition=illustrated, reprint |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0198217374 }} *{{cite web |title=Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web |title=Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web |title=Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite AFM}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFO'Donovan1856}} *{{cite web |title=The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web |title=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Naisc sheachtracha *{{cite web |url=https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ |title=Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} *{{cite web |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx |title=Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} *{{cite web |title=Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim |url=http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm |year=2002 }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] pc5vst3pqy23agz75lxdhxn675at033 1272639 1272638 2025-07-04T16:46:07Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch an Scuir */ 1272639 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=IFI2014 />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=DI2017 /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=AI /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == ===Sources * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | title = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} |title=Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{citation |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography |publisher=Journal of Biogeography, 41(3), 548–560. |url= |year=2014 |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001.* |year=2002 |last1=Minchin |last2=Lucy |last3=Sullivan |url=http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf |publisher=Marine Institute |volume=Marine Environment and Health Series, No. 5, 2002 }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |title=A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland |volume=1 of A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland, Ed. by Daibhi O Croinin, W. E. Vaughan |first=Theodore William |last=Moody |editor=Theodore William Moody |editor2=Francis X. Martin |editor3=Francis John Byrne |editor4=Art Cosgrove |edition=illustrated, reprint |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0198217374 }} *{{cite web |title=Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web |title=Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web |title=Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite AFM}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFO'Donovan1856}} *{{cite web |title=The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web |title=Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Naisc sheachtracha *{{cite web |url=https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ |title=Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} *{{cite web |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx |title=Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} *{{cite web |title=Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim |url=http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm |year=2002 }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] ljpz9k5r8ta1s2iy0ug8f677kg5fkos 1272640 1272639 2025-07-04T16:51:36Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* References and notes */ 1272640 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=IFI2014 />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=DI2017 /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=AI /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == ===Sources * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} | teideal = Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{citation |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography |publisher=Journal of Biogeography, 41(3), 548–560. |url= |year=2014 |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001.* |year=2002 |last1=Minchin |last2=Lucy |last3=Sullivan |url=http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf |publisher=Marine Institute |volume=Marine Environment and Health Series, No. 5, 2002 }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |title=A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland |volume=1 of A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland, Ed. by Daibhi O Croinin, W. E. Vaughan |first=Theodore William |last=Moody |editor=Theodore William Moody |editor2=Francis X. Martin |editor3=Francis John Byrne |editor4=Art Cosgrove |edition=illustrated, reprint |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0198217374 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite AFM}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFO'Donovan1856}} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 9euusggoncmoqsf6a4vwt9qac4dns80 1272641 1272640 2025-07-04T16:52:08Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch an Scuir */ 1272641 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=IFI2014 />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=DI2017 /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=AI /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == ===Sources * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} | teideal = Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{citation |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography |publisher=Journal of Biogeography, 41(3), 548–560. |url= |year=2014 |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001.* |year=2002 |last1=Minchin |last2=Lucy |last3=Sullivan |url=http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf |publisher=Marine Institute |volume=Marine Environment and Health Series, No. 5, 2002 }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |title=A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland |volume=1 of A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland, Ed. by Daibhi O Croinin, W. E. Vaughan |first=Theodore William |last=Moody |editor=Theodore William Moody |editor2=Francis X. Martin |editor3=Francis John Byrne |editor4=Art Cosgrove |edition=illustrated, reprint |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0198217374 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite AFM}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFO'Donovan1856}} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 5h48ssdugclkmicllsaln0z7igho6eo 1272642 1272641 2025-07-04T16:53:28Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch an Scuir */ 1272642 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=IFI2014 />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=DI2017 /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=AI /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == ===Sources * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} | teideal = Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{citation |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography |publisher=Journal of Biogeography, 41(3), 548–560. |url= |year=2014 |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001.* |year=2002 |last1=Minchin |last2=Lucy |last3=Sullivan |url=http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf |publisher=Marine Institute |volume=Marine Environment and Health Series, No. 5, 2002 }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |title=A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland |volume=1 of A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland, Ed. by Daibhi O Croinin, W. E. Vaughan |first=Theodore William |last=Moody |editor=Theodore William Moody |editor2=Francis X. Martin |editor3=Francis John Byrne |editor4=Art Cosgrove |edition=illustrated, reprint |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0198217374 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite AFM}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFO'Donovan1856}} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 6styucqkn7jl9nophzyh1haihb42cn8 1272643 1272642 2025-07-04T16:54:30Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch an Scuir */ 1272643 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=IFI2014 />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=DI2017 /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=AI /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == ===Sources * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} | teideal = Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{citation |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography |publisher=Journal of Biogeography, 41(3), 548–560. |url= |year=2014 |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001.* |year=2002 |last1=Minchin |last2=Lucy |last3=Sullivan |url=http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf |publisher=Marine Institute |volume=Marine Environment and Health Series, No. 5, 2002 }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |title=A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland |volume=1 of A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland, Ed. by Daibhi O Croinin, W. E. Vaughan |first=Theodore William |last=Moody |editor=Theodore William Moody |editor2=Francis X. Martin |editor3=Francis John Byrne |editor4=Art Cosgrove |edition=illustrated, reprint |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0198217374 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite AFM}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFO'Donovan1856}} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] nwazkti3c4c5v92st9swz0xeuhkb302 1272646 1272643 2025-07-04T17:04:54Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Tagairtí */ 1272646 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=IFI2014 />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=DI2017 /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=AI /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == ===Sources * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} | teideal = Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{citation |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography |publisher=Journal of Biogeography, 41(3), 548–560. |url= |year=2014 |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001.* |year=2002 |last1=Minchin |last2=Lucy |last3=Sullivan |url=http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf |publisher=Marine Institute |volume=Marine Environment and Health Series, No. 5, 2002 }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |title=A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland |volume=1 of A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland, Ed. by Daibhi O Croinin, W. E. Vaughan |first=Theodore William |last=Moody |editor=Theodore William Moody |editor2=Francis X. Martin |editor3=Francis John Byrne |editor4=Art Cosgrove |edition=illustrated, reprint |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0198217374 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite AFM}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFO'Donovan1856}} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 0aiuf57agbs8m5ut3xr0vl55id338ej 1272648 1272646 2025-07-04T17:13:13Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272648 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=IFI2014 />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=DI2017 /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=AI /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == ===Sources * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} | teideal = Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001.* |year=2002 |last1=Minchin |last2=Lucy |last3=Sullivan |url=http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf |publisher=Marine Institute |volume=Marine Environment and Health Series, No. 5, 2002 }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |title=A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland |volume=1 of A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland, Ed. by Daibhi O Croinin, W. E. Vaughan |first=Theodore William |last=Moody |editor=Theodore William Moody |editor2=Francis X. Martin |editor3=Francis John Byrne |editor4=Art Cosgrove |edition=illustrated, reprint |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0198217374 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite AFM}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFO'Donovan1856}} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 65bx11ge9eqjk89pf3tt2xq0flfg93w 1272650 1272648 2025-07-04T17:13:58Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Tagairtí */ 1272650 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=IFI2014 />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=DI2017 /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=AI /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == ===Sources * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} | teideal = Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001.* |year=2002 |last1=Minchin |last2=Lucy |last3=Sullivan |url=http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf |publisher=Marine Institute |volume=Marine Environment and Health Series, No. 5, 2002 }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |title=A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland |volume=1 of A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland, Ed. by Daibhi O Croinin, W. E. Vaughan |first=Theodore William |last=Moody |editor=Theodore William Moody |editor2=Francis X. Martin |editor3=Francis John Byrne |editor4=Art Cosgrove |edition=illustrated, reprint |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1976 |isbn=978-0198217374 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite AFM}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFO'Donovan1856}} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 0vwce6u477h7by8qnae9t23ajrxj43r 1272651 1272650 2025-07-04T17:17:20Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272651 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=IFI2014 />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=DI2017 /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=AI /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == ===Sources * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} | teideal = Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001.* |year=2002 |last1=Minchin |last2=Lucy |last3=Sullivan |url=http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf |publisher=Marine Institute |volume=Marine Environment and Health Series, No. 5, 2002 }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite AFM}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFO'Donovan1856}} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] nbwee90uierdvqe42ecdp7qb1lg8f2o 1272652 1272651 2025-07-04T17:18:23Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272652 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=IFI2014 />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=DI2017 /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=AI /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == ===Sources * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} | teideal = Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001.* |year=2002 |last1=Minchin |last2=Lucy |last3=Sullivan |url=http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf |publisher=Marine Institute |volume=Marine Environment and Health Series, No. 5, 2002 }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite AFM}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFO'Donovan1856}} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] cq1i6655557m7yzxsb1wq89pq892ysj 1272653 1272652 2025-07-04T17:19:14Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272653 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=IFI2014 />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=DI2017 /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=AI /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == ===Sources * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} | teideal = Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001.* |year=2002 |last1=Minchin |last2=Lucy |last3=Sullivan |url=http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf |publisher=Marine Institute |volume=Marine Environment and Health Series, No. 5, 2002 }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite AFM}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFO'Donovan1856}} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 3v2szt0fe233e5nvvrcsoz3xsf4l1az 1272654 1272653 2025-07-04T17:24:17Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* References and notes */ 1272654 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=IFI2014 />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=DI2017 /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=AI /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} | teideal = Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] fed3q3imc1ocbl8b3t8rtg75919gyzd 1272655 1272654 2025-07-04T17:25:07Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Tagairtí */ 1272655 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=IFI2014 />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=DI2017 /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=AI /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> <ref name=Minchin2002>{{cite report | title = Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001 | year = 2002 | last1 = Minchin | last2 = Lucy | last3 = Sullivan | url = http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf | publisher = Marine Institute | work = Marine Environment and Health Series | volume = 5}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} | teideal = Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] dvg9qj0wyhqgnnv3nwpr12tl6ip1m9r 1272656 1272655 2025-07-04T17:34:07Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272656 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=IFI2014 />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=DI2017 /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=AI /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> <ref name=Minchin2002>{{cite report | title = Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001 | year = 2002 | last1 = Minchin | last2 = Lucy | last3 = Sullivan | url = http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf | publisher = Marine Institute | work = Marine Environment and Health Series | volume = 5}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} | teideal = Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] nb0rx3hdpfed7avxpmn4to4ig2dnxp3 1272657 1272656 2025-07-04T17:35:53Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Tagairtí */ 1272657 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=IFI2014 />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=DI2017 /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=AI /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=fishinginireland>{{cite web | authorb= Angling Ireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> <ref name=Minchin2002>{{cite report | title = Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001 | year = 2002 | last1 = Minchin | last2 = Lucy | last3 = Sullivan | url = http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf | publisher = Marine Institute | work = Marine Environment and Health Series | volume = 5}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} | teideal = Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] j0j5zn8kyp7oxoi6p8g3fb0zufmpe67 1272658 1272657 2025-07-04T17:36:38Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272658 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=IFI2014 />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=DI2017 /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=fishinginireland /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=fishinginireland>{{cite web | authorb= Angling Ireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> <ref name=Minchin2002>{{cite report | title = Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001 | year = 2002 | last1 = Minchin | last2 = Lucy | last3 = Sullivan | url = http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf | publisher = Marine Institute | work = Marine Environment and Health Series | volume = 5}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} | teideal = Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] ltmawgl9gr5xpeslt88eao3tbl5zide 1272660 1272658 2025-07-04T19:07:13Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Tagairtí */ 1272660 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=IFI2014 />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=DI2017 /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=fishinginireland /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=fishinginireland>{{cite web | authorb= Angling Ireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015}}</ref> <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> <ref name=Minchin2002>{{cite report | title = Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001 | year = 2002 | last1 = Minchin | last2 = Lucy | last3 = Sullivan | url = http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf | publisher = Marine Institute | work = Marine Environment and Health Series | volume = 5}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} | teideal = Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] i7mn9yoqg3mlbggx7pk7gzkst8c6jbl 1272662 1272660 2025-07-04T19:10:30Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272662 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=IFI2014 />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=DI2017 /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=fishinginireland /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=fishinginireland>{{cite web | authorb= Angling Ireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015}}</ref> <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> <ref name=Minchin2002>{{cite report | title = Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001 | year = 2002 | last1 = Minchin | last2 = Lucy | last3 = Sullivan | url = http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf | publisher = Marine Institute | work = Marine Environment and Health Series | volume = 5}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} | teideal = Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 8ytik4myu5isznl2gy0hxvplrrbi4g2 1272663 1272662 2025-07-04T19:12:10Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Tagairtí */ 1272663 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir''' i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor />{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=IFI2014 />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=DI2017 /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=fishinginireland /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1411410.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scuir | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=fishinginireland>{{cite web | authorb= Angling Ireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015}}</ref> <ref name=discoverireland>{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan | url = http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 | bliain = 2017 | work = discoverireland.ie}}</ref> <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> <ref name=Minchin2002>{{cite report | title = Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001 | year = 2002 | last1 = Minchin | last2 = Lucy | last3 = Sullivan | url = http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf | publisher = Marine Institute | work = Marine Environment and Health Series | volume = 5}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} | teideal = Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 652mg4vjv3erakuz8udz644tyoeo4ng 1272665 1272663 2025-07-04T19:15:14Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272665 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir'''<ref name=logainm /> i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.<ref name=logainm2 /> Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor /><ref name=logainm2 /> == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=IFI2014 />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=discoverireland /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=fishinginireland /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1411410.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scuir | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=fishinginireland>{{cite web | authorb= Angling Ireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015}}</ref> <ref name=discoverireland>{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan | url = http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 | bliain = 2017 | work = discoverireland.ie}}</ref> <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> <ref name=Minchin2002>{{cite report | title = Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001 | year = 2002 | last1 = Minchin | last2 = Lucy | last3 = Sullivan | url = http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf | publisher = Marine Institute | work = Marine Environment and Health Series | volume = 5}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} | teideal = Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 7vnbk1x1oesnd62bakpfour0iewn0sb 1272666 1272665 2025-07-04T19:17:01Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Tagairtí */ 1272666 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir'''<ref name=logainm /> i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.<ref name=logainm2 /> Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor /><ref name=logainm2 /> == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=IFI2014 />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=discoverireland /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=fishinginireland /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1411410.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scuir | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=logainm2>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scuir (baile fearainn) | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=fishinginireland>{{cite web | authorb= Angling Ireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015}}</ref> <ref name=discoverireland>{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan | url = http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 | bliain = 2017 | work = discoverireland.ie}}</ref> <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> <ref name=Minchin2002>{{cite report | title = Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001 | year = 2002 | last1 = Minchin | last2 = Lucy | last3 = Sullivan | url = http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf | publisher = Marine Institute | work = Marine Environment and Health Series | volume = 5}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} | teideal = Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 1wlgmlme59v60vm99lyr6nq8hhdngny 1272667 1272666 2025-07-04T19:19:24Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch an Scuir */ 1272667 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir'''<ref name=logainm /> i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.<ref name=logainm2 /> Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor /><ref name=logainm2 /> == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=fishinginireland />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=discoverireland /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=fishinginireland /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1411410.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scuir | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=logainm2>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scuir (baile fearainn) | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=fishinginireland>{{cite web | authorb= Angling Ireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015}}</ref> <ref name=discoverireland>{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan | url = http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 | bliain = 2017 | work = discoverireland.ie}}</ref> <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> <ref name=Minchin2002>{{cite report | title = Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001 | year = 2002 | last1 = Minchin | last2 = Lucy | last3 = Sullivan | url = http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf | publisher = Marine Institute | work = Marine Environment and Health Series | volume = 5}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} | teideal = Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] ftu2rtc0yu1lhbqsknq4mv69t6sxhtb 1272677 1272667 2025-07-04T23:15:06Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Tagairtí */ 1272677 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir'''<ref name=logainm /> i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.<ref name=logainm2 /> Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor /><ref name=logainm2 /> == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=fishinginireland />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=discoverireland /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=fishinginireland /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1411410.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scuir | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=logainm2>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scuir (baile fearainn) | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=fgbScor>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/scor | teideal = score II | foilsitheoir = [[teanglann.ie]] | dátarochtana = 5ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga}}</ref> <ref name=fishinginireland>{{cite web | authorb= Angling Ireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015}}</ref> <ref name=discoverireland>{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan | url = http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 | bliain = 2017 | work = discoverireland.ie}}</ref> <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> <ref name=Minchin2002>{{cite report | title = Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001 | year = 2002 | last1 = Minchin | last2 = Lucy | last3 = Sullivan | url = http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf | publisher = Marine Institute | work = Marine Environment and Health Series | volume = 5}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Loch an Scoir}} | teideal = Loch an Scoir |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 26pg4cuwutdb0jn11a36tg5e50uxe8c 1272678 1272677 2025-07-04T23:20:52Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* References and notes */ 1272678 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scuir == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir'''<ref name=logainm /> i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scuir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scuir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.<ref name=logainm2 /> Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor /><ref name=logainm2 /> == Tíreolaíocht [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scuir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scuir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scuir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scuir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=fishinginireland />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=discoverireland /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=fishinginireland /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1411410.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scuir | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=logainm2>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scuir (baile fearainn) | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=fgbScor>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/scor | teideal = score II | foilsitheoir = [[teanglann.ie]] | dátarochtana = 5ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga}}</ref> <ref name=fishinginireland>{{cite web | authorb= Angling Ireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015}}</ref> <ref name=discoverireland>{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan | url = http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 | bliain = 2017 | work = discoverireland.ie}}</ref> <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> <ref name=Minchin2002>{{cite report | title = Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001 | year = 2002 | last1 = Minchin | last2 = Lucy | last3 = Sullivan | url = http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf | publisher = Marine Institute | work = Marine Environment and Health Series | volume = 5}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] f4o6ttithb4cfwi6e7p8ibw50hkh1fl 1272679 1272678 2025-07-04T23:21:23Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272679 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1411410.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scuir | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=logainm2>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scuir (baile fearainn) | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=fgbScor>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/scor | teideal = score II | foilsitheoir = [[teanglann.ie]] | dátarochtana = 5ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga}}</ref> <ref name=fishinginireland>{{cite web | authorb= Angling Ireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015}}</ref> <ref name=discoverireland>{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan | url = http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 | bliain = 2017 | work = discoverireland.ie}}</ref> <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> <ref name=Minchin2002>{{cite report | title = Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001 | year = 2002 | last1 = Minchin | last2 = Lucy | last3 = Sullivan | url = http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf | publisher = Marine Institute | work = Marine Environment and Health Series | volume = 5}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scuir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] ig9v7euub4gqddwlstg40gjfe0q0s3u 1272681 1272679 2025-07-04T23:28:18Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Tagairtí */ 1272681 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1411410.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scoir | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=logainm2>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scoir (baile fearainn) | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=fgbScor>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/scor | teideal = scor II | foilsitheoir = [[teanglann.ie]] | dátarochtana = 5ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga}}</ref> <ref name=fishinginireland>{{cite web | authorb= Angling Ireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015}}</ref> <ref name=discoverireland>{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan | url = http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 | bliain = 2017 | work = discoverireland.ie}}</ref> <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> <ref name=Minchin2002>{{cite report | title = Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001 | year = 2002 | last1 = Minchin | last2 = Lucy | last3 = Sullivan | url = http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf | publisher = Marine Institute | work = Marine Environment and Health Series | volume = 5}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scoir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] <!-- ===Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} ===Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. ===Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] c3y428t6yhh5988x7z4nmqvp72x07wf 1272684 1272681 2025-07-04T23:32:26Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Oidhreacht */ 1272684 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1411410.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scoir | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=logainm2>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scoir (baile fearainn) | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=fgbScor>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/scor | teideal = scor II | foilsitheoir = [[teanglann.ie]] | dátarochtana = 5ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga}}</ref> <ref name=fishinginireland>{{cite web | authorb= Angling Ireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015}}</ref> <ref name=discoverireland>{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan | url = http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 | bliain = 2017 | work = discoverireland.ie}}</ref> <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> <ref name=Minchin2002>{{cite report | title = Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001 | year = 2002 | last1 = Minchin | last2 = Lucy | last3 = Sullivan | url = http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf | publisher = Marine Institute | work = Marine Environment and Health Series | volume = 5}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scoir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] p3rlul4ttdgxq0qrpzor0e9wbjga9zu 1272685 1272684 2025-07-04T23:33:09Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272685 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] i343n0a61ip1uqq7cpplkwre2qrrs9u 1272686 1272685 2025-07-04T23:33:34Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Oidhreacht */ 1272686 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1411410.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scoir | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=logainm2>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scoir (baile fearainn) | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=fgbScor>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/scor | teideal = scor II | foilsitheoir = [[teanglann.ie]] | dátarochtana = 5ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga}}</ref> <ref name=fishinginireland>{{cite web | authorb= Angling Ireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015}}</ref> <ref name=discoverireland>{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan | url = http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 | bliain = 2017 | work = discoverireland.ie}}</ref> <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> <ref name=Minchin2002>{{cite report | title = Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001 | year = 2002 | last1 = Minchin | last2 = Lucy | last3 = Sullivan | url = http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf | publisher = Marine Institute | work = Marine Environment and Health Series | volume = 5}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scoir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] szn18wq8s4zr742qcf79o9fvw2lm5hm 1272687 1272686 2025-07-04T23:48:11Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272687 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch Eirid == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' ''' Loch Eirid'''<ref name=logainm>{{cite web | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/110059 | title = Loch Eirid/Errit Lough | work = Placenames Database of Ireland (logainm.ie) | publisher = [[Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht|Government of Ireland - Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht]] and [[Dublin City University]] | accessdate = 30 January 2020}}</ref> is a [[freshwater]] lake in the west of Ireland. It is located in west [[County Roscommon]] in the catchment of the [[Boyle River (Ireland)|Boyle River]]. '' The lake is a [[Natura 2000]] site, protected as a [[List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland#Roscommon|Special Area of Conservation]] (or SAC) since May 2016 under the qualification of a specific habitat type: the presence of ‘[[Hard Water]] Lakes’, alternatively known as ‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.’<ref name=IrishStatutebook>{{Cite web |title=Statutory Instrument S.I. No. 266/2016 - European Union Habitats (Errit Lough Special Area of Conservation 000607) Regulations 2016 |url= https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=irishstatutebook.ie/ |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526214727/https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Synopsis>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Errit Lough Site Synopsis |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=npws.ie |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526220656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=EUNIS>{{Cite web |title=EUNIS-Errit Lough SAC |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=eunis.eea.europa.eu |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526224336/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=BISE>{{Cite web |title=Errit Lough Biodiversity Information System for Europe |url= https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 |access-date=29 May 2024 |website= biodiversity.europa.eu/|archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529212438/https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 |url-status= live }}</ref> == Tíreolaíocht '' Errit Lough is located approximately 10 km south-west of the town of [[Ballaghaderreen]] in County Roscommon. The lake is situated in the upper part of the [[Boyle River (Ireland)|Boyle River]] catchment. The area of Errit Lough included in the SAC designation is located in the townlands of Cloondart, Derreenamackaun, Errit, Gortaganny (Electoral District Artagh South) and Tully (Electoral District Artagh South) in County Roscommon. Schedule 1 of the Statutory Instrument for this site identifies it as encompassing an area of 84.59 ha.<ref name= IrishStatutebook/><ref name=Synopsis/> [[File:Lough Errit, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Photo of Lough Errit, a hard water lake and SAC]] <!-- ==SAC qualification== The Errit Lough site was proposed as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) in 1998.<ref name= EUNIS/> In 2016, the site was designated as a [[Special Area of Conservation]], with site code IE0000607. Statutory Instrument 266 of 2016 established the site as an SAC.<ref name=IrishStatutebook/> The feature which qualifies this site for SAC status is the presence of [[Hard Water]] Lakes – this habitat is also known as ‘‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.’. Under the EU [[Habitats Directive]], this is an Annex I habitat type (code 3140). The Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats defines this habitat as comprising: <blockquote> “Lakes and pools with waters fairly rich in dissolved bases (pH often 6-7) (Pal. 22.12) or with mostly blue to greenish, very clear, waters poor (to moderate) in nutrients, base-rich (pH often >7.5) (Pal. 22.15). The bottom of these unpolluted water bodies are covered with charophyte, ''Chara'' and ''Nitella'', algal carpets. In the Boreal region this habitat type includes small calcareous-rich oligo-mesotrophic gyttja pools with dense ''Chara'' (dominating species is ''Chara strigosa'') carpets, often surrounded by various eutrophic fens and pine bogs.” <ref name="HardWater">{{Cite web |title=EUNIS Habitat type: Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=eunis.eea.europa.eu |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240526230720/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |url-status=live }}</ref></blockquote> [[Hard water]] lakes are typically base-rich, oligotrophic and unpolluted, with clear water. The NPWS publication "Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018" notes that the alkalinity of this lake was 136 mg/l CaCO³ and the euphotic depth (a measure of water clarity: the depth at which photosynthetic available radiation is 1% of its surface value) was 3.3 m. Typically lakes with total phosphorus of less than 0.01 mg/l have euphotic depth of over 5.0 m, but Lough Errit, a high-colour lake (of over 45 Hazen units), has low levels of phosphorus (total phosphorus of approximately 0.01 mg/l) and a low euphotic depth. This document notes four Charophyte species occurring in this lake, with [[charophyte]] cover of 0.52 (52%). It is noted that in Ireland, [[marl]] lakes and cut-over bogs often occur in the same location, an issue for this habitat type is the leaching of coloured water into these lakes, resulting in a high water colour. This may explain the low levels of deeper water vegetation in Errit Lough.<ref name=Marllakes>{{Cite web |title= Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018 |author=Roden, Cilian; Murphy, Paul; Ryan, James |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |access-date=29 May 2024 |website=npws.ie/ |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529220425/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Errit Lough, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Erit Lough, a hard water lake and SAC]] ===Vegetation=== The east side of this marl lake has exposed stony shores. On the west side of the lake are more sheltered areas. Within these more protected bays can be found emergent species such as [[Common Club-rush]] (''Scirpus lacustris'' or ''Schoenoplectus lacustris'') and [[Common Reed]] (Phragmites australis). [[Bottle Sedge]] (''Carex rostrata'') and [[Common Spike-rush]] (''Eleocharis palustris'') also occur on the west side of the site.<ref name= Synopsis/> As part of the designation criteria for the site (Hard Water lake with Chara Spp), there are beds of [[stonewort]] species (''Chara spp'') growing on the lake bed. These species include ''Chara pedunculata'', ''C. rudis'', ''C. desmacantha'' and ''C. fragilis''. In certain areas of the lake, floating [[Yellow water-lily]] (''Nuphar lutea'') are recorded. ===Nearby Special Areas of Conservation and proposed Natural Heritage Areas=== As can be seen from the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS) designated sites map, other designated SAC sites nearby include [[Urlaur Lough]] (NPWS site code 001571), [[Derrinea bog]] (NPWS site code 000604), Carrowbehy/Caher Bog (NPWS site code 000597), [[Drumalough Bog]] (NPWS site code 002338), and the [[River Moy]] SAC (NPWS site code 002298). This concentration of designated SACs in the area indicates that this location is ecologically very valuable.<ref name=pNHA>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Designations Viewer |url= https://dahg.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=8f7060450de3485fa1c1085536d477ba&marker=553627.7066031246%2C785548.4022885882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20Lough%22%2C%22x%22%3A553627.7066031246%2C%22y%22%3A785548.4022885882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8| access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dahg.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> The Errit Lough site has been included as a proposed Natural Heritage Area (or pNHA) by the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS). Other nearby pNHA sites include [[Urlaur Lough]], [[Carrowbehy/Caher Bog]], [[Derrinea Bog]], Mannin And Island Lakes, Drumalough Bog and Lough Glinn.<ref name=pNHA/> ==Other features== ===Geology=== The area surrounding the lake is a County Geological Site (or CGS). This area comprises the Erris and Cloonagh Loughs Deltas (site code RO012). The deltas are wide, flat-topped ridges of gravel and sand, situated above the nearby bog area. The deltas are considered to be good examples of deglacial, ice-marginal, meltwater-deposited features which frequently form at the edge of glacial lakes. The deltas were deposited at this site during deglaciation after the last Ice Age, at the edge of the northwestward-retreating ice sheet and date from the Quaternary period. These deltas were formed on [[Lower Carboniferous]] limestone bedrock and are made up of limestone clasts, which came from the bedrock around the site. The ice carried them until they were released into a meltwater conduit within the ice. They were then deposited at the margin of the ice sub-aqueously at the point where the river left the ice, flowing in a southeastward direction.<ref name=CGS>{{Cite web |title=County Geological Site Report |url=https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=gsi.geodata.gov.ie/ |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223223/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=CGSMap>{{Cite web |title=Department of the Environment, Climate & Communications Public Data Viewer |url= https://dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ebaf90ff2d554522b438ff313b0c197a&marker=554555.284936843%2C785095.5381372022%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20and%20Cloonagh%20Loughs%20Deltas%22%2C%22x%22%3A554555.284936843%2C%22y%22%3A785095.5381372022%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8 |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/home/index.html }}</ref> ===Archaeology=== The Historic Environment Viewer map of Irish recorded monuments includes a number of historic features at Errit Lough. A number of [[crannóg]]s have been recorded from the lake (site codes RO019-004, RO019-005, RO109-009 and RO019-011). From the recorded monuments records, site code RO019-010 refers to a well (with no evidence that it is a holy well) known as Tober Skeheen, which has a pump-house. Site RO019-006 refers to a circular embanked enclosure with external diameter of approximately 35 metres, which was noted on the 1837 Irish Ordnance Survey maps. It is suggested from these records that this may have been a rath. Site RO019-008 refers to a [[souterrain]] sited on the crest of a low north-south ridge south-west of the lake. The precise location is unknown and the information about it comes from local knowledge. Site RO019-012 to the east of the lake refers to a children’s burial ground. <ref name=Monuments> {{Cite web |title=National Monuments Service Historic Environment Viewer |url= https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&marker=554297.9002624749%2C785021.7120480882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22RO01993%22%2C%22x%22%3A554297.9002624749%2C%22y%22%3A785021.7120480882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=10|access-date=29 May 2024 |website= heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com }}</ref> ===Walking trails=== There is a walking trail around Errit Lough, which is part of the Lough Errit Walking Trail, which includes a range of looped walks of between 4 and 11 km in length. Dogs on leads are allowed but the walks are not buggy-accessible.<ref name=Trail>{{Cite web |title=Lough Errit Walking Trail |url= https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=visitroscommon.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528215655/https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Conservation objectives== The primary conservation objective for the site is to “maintain the favourable conservation condition of Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''. in Errit Lough SAC”.<ref name=Objectives>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Errit Lough Conservation Objectives |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=npws.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdff |url-status= live }}</ref> This includes objectives to maintain the habitat area /extent subject to natural processes, to prevent decline of the habitat distribution, to prevent decline of the lake vegetation composition, zonation and depth, and to maintain the hydrological regime (groundwater flows) in order to support the habitat. The water quality should be maintained with low (oligotrophic) nutrient concentrations, high transparency, high chlorophyll, phytoplankton and algal biomass status.<ref name=Objectives/> --> ==See also * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{cite web | url = https://www.logainm.ie/en/110059 | title = Loch Eirid/Errit Lough | work = Placenames Database of Ireland (logainm.ie) | publisher = [[Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht|Government of Ireland - Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht]] and [[Dublin City University]] | accessdate = 30 January 2020}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eirid, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Ros Comáin| Lochanna Chontae Ros Comáin]] == Oidhreacht == [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1411410.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scoir | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=logainm2>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scoir (baile fearainn) | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=fgbScor>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/scor | teideal = scor II | foilsitheoir = [[teanglann.ie]] | dátarochtana = 5ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga}}</ref> <ref name=fishinginireland>{{cite web | authorb= Angling Ireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015}}</ref> <ref name=discoverireland>{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan | url = http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 | bliain = 2017 | work = discoverireland.ie}}</ref> <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> <ref name=Minchin2002>{{cite report | title = Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001 | year = 2002 | last1 = Minchin | last2 = Lucy | last3 = Sullivan | url = http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf | publisher = Marine Institute | work = Marine Environment and Health Series | volume = 5}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scoir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] bymsl9pkul23v1xfl108y3uw3qmdj1y 1272688 1272687 2025-07-04T23:50:49Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch an Scoir */ 1272688 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch Eirid == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' ''' Loch Eirid'''<ref name=logainm>{{cite web | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/110059 | title = Loch Eirid/Errit Lough | work = Placenames Database of Ireland (logainm.ie) | publisher = [[Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht|Government of Ireland - Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht]] and [[Dublin City University]] | accessdate = 30 January 2020}}</ref> is a [[freshwater]] lake in the west of Ireland. It is located in west [[County Roscommon]] in the catchment of the [[Boyle River (Ireland)|Boyle River]]. '' The lake is a [[Natura 2000]] site, protected as a [[List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland#Roscommon|Special Area of Conservation]] (or SAC) since May 2016 under the qualification of a specific habitat type: the presence of ‘[[Hard Water]] Lakes’, alternatively known as ‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.’<ref name=IrishStatutebook>{{Cite web |title=Statutory Instrument S.I. No. 266/2016 - European Union Habitats (Errit Lough Special Area of Conservation 000607) Regulations 2016 |url= https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=irishstatutebook.ie/ |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526214727/https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Synopsis>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Errit Lough Site Synopsis |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=npws.ie |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526220656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=EUNIS>{{Cite web |title=EUNIS-Errit Lough SAC |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=eunis.eea.europa.eu |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526224336/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=BISE>{{Cite web |title=Errit Lough Biodiversity Information System for Europe |url= https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 |access-date=29 May 2024 |website= biodiversity.europa.eu/|archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529212438/https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 |url-status= live }}</ref> == Tíreolaíocht '' Errit Lough is located approximately 10 km south-west of the town of [[Ballaghaderreen]] in County Roscommon. The lake is situated in the upper part of the [[Boyle River (Ireland)|Boyle River]] catchment. The area of Errit Lough included in the SAC designation is located in the townlands of Cloondart, Derreenamackaun, Errit, Gortaganny (Electoral District Artagh South) and Tully (Electoral District Artagh South) in County Roscommon. Schedule 1 of the Statutory Instrument for this site identifies it as encompassing an area of 84.59 ha.<ref name= IrishStatutebook/><ref name=Synopsis/> [[File:Lough Errit, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Photo of Lough Errit, a hard water lake and SAC]] <!-- ==SAC qualification== The Errit Lough site was proposed as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) in 1998.<ref name= EUNIS/> In 2016, the site was designated as a [[Special Area of Conservation]], with site code IE0000607. Statutory Instrument 266 of 2016 established the site as an SAC.<ref name=IrishStatutebook/> The feature which qualifies this site for SAC status is the presence of [[Hard Water]] Lakes – this habitat is also known as ‘‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.’. Under the EU [[Habitats Directive]], this is an Annex I habitat type (code 3140). The Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats defines this habitat as comprising: <blockquote> “Lakes and pools with waters fairly rich in dissolved bases (pH often 6-7) (Pal. 22.12) or with mostly blue to greenish, very clear, waters poor (to moderate) in nutrients, base-rich (pH often >7.5) (Pal. 22.15). The bottom of these unpolluted water bodies are covered with charophyte, ''Chara'' and ''Nitella'', algal carpets. In the Boreal region this habitat type includes small calcareous-rich oligo-mesotrophic gyttja pools with dense ''Chara'' (dominating species is ''Chara strigosa'') carpets, often surrounded by various eutrophic fens and pine bogs.” <ref name="HardWater">{{Cite web |title=EUNIS Habitat type: Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=eunis.eea.europa.eu |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240526230720/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |url-status=live }}</ref></blockquote> [[Hard water]] lakes are typically base-rich, oligotrophic and unpolluted, with clear water. The NPWS publication "Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018" notes that the alkalinity of this lake was 136 mg/l CaCO³ and the euphotic depth (a measure of water clarity: the depth at which photosynthetic available radiation is 1% of its surface value) was 3.3 m. Typically lakes with total phosphorus of less than 0.01 mg/l have euphotic depth of over 5.0 m, but Lough Errit, a high-colour lake (of over 45 Hazen units), has low levels of phosphorus (total phosphorus of approximately 0.01 mg/l) and a low euphotic depth. This document notes four Charophyte species occurring in this lake, with [[charophyte]] cover of 0.52 (52%). It is noted that in Ireland, [[marl]] lakes and cut-over bogs often occur in the same location, an issue for this habitat type is the leaching of coloured water into these lakes, resulting in a high water colour. This may explain the low levels of deeper water vegetation in Errit Lough.<ref name=Marllakes>{{Cite web |title= Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018 |author=Roden, Cilian; Murphy, Paul; Ryan, James |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |access-date=29 May 2024 |website=npws.ie/ |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529220425/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Errit Lough, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Erit Lough, a hard water lake and SAC]] ===Vegetation=== The east side of this marl lake has exposed stony shores. On the west side of the lake are more sheltered areas. Within these more protected bays can be found emergent species such as [[Common Club-rush]] (''Scirpus lacustris'' or ''Schoenoplectus lacustris'') and [[Common Reed]] (Phragmites australis). [[Bottle Sedge]] (''Carex rostrata'') and [[Common Spike-rush]] (''Eleocharis palustris'') also occur on the west side of the site.<ref name= Synopsis/> As part of the designation criteria for the site (Hard Water lake with Chara Spp), there are beds of [[stonewort]] species (''Chara spp'') growing on the lake bed. These species include ''Chara pedunculata'', ''C. rudis'', ''C. desmacantha'' and ''C. fragilis''. In certain areas of the lake, floating [[Yellow water-lily]] (''Nuphar lutea'') are recorded. ===Nearby Special Areas of Conservation and proposed Natural Heritage Areas=== As can be seen from the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS) designated sites map, other designated SAC sites nearby include [[Urlaur Lough]] (NPWS site code 001571), [[Derrinea bog]] (NPWS site code 000604), Carrowbehy/Caher Bog (NPWS site code 000597), [[Drumalough Bog]] (NPWS site code 002338), and the [[River Moy]] SAC (NPWS site code 002298). This concentration of designated SACs in the area indicates that this location is ecologically very valuable.<ref name=pNHA>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Designations Viewer |url= https://dahg.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=8f7060450de3485fa1c1085536d477ba&marker=553627.7066031246%2C785548.4022885882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20Lough%22%2C%22x%22%3A553627.7066031246%2C%22y%22%3A785548.4022885882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8| access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dahg.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> The Errit Lough site has been included as a proposed Natural Heritage Area (or pNHA) by the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS). Other nearby pNHA sites include [[Urlaur Lough]], [[Carrowbehy/Caher Bog]], [[Derrinea Bog]], Mannin And Island Lakes, Drumalough Bog and Lough Glinn.<ref name=pNHA/> ==Other features== ===Geology=== The area surrounding the lake is a County Geological Site (or CGS). This area comprises the Erris and Cloonagh Loughs Deltas (site code RO012). The deltas are wide, flat-topped ridges of gravel and sand, situated above the nearby bog area. The deltas are considered to be good examples of deglacial, ice-marginal, meltwater-deposited features which frequently form at the edge of glacial lakes. The deltas were deposited at this site during deglaciation after the last Ice Age, at the edge of the northwestward-retreating ice sheet and date from the Quaternary period. These deltas were formed on [[Lower Carboniferous]] limestone bedrock and are made up of limestone clasts, which came from the bedrock around the site. The ice carried them until they were released into a meltwater conduit within the ice. They were then deposited at the margin of the ice sub-aqueously at the point where the river left the ice, flowing in a southeastward direction.<ref name=CGS>{{Cite web |title=County Geological Site Report |url=https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=gsi.geodata.gov.ie/ |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223223/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=CGSMap>{{Cite web |title=Department of the Environment, Climate & Communications Public Data Viewer |url= https://dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ebaf90ff2d554522b438ff313b0c197a&marker=554555.284936843%2C785095.5381372022%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20and%20Cloonagh%20Loughs%20Deltas%22%2C%22x%22%3A554555.284936843%2C%22y%22%3A785095.5381372022%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8 |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/home/index.html }}</ref> ===Archaeology=== The Historic Environment Viewer map of Irish recorded monuments includes a number of historic features at Errit Lough. A number of [[crannóg]]s have been recorded from the lake (site codes RO019-004, RO019-005, RO109-009 and RO019-011). From the recorded monuments records, site code RO019-010 refers to a well (with no evidence that it is a holy well) known as Tober Skeheen, which has a pump-house. Site RO019-006 refers to a circular embanked enclosure with external diameter of approximately 35 metres, which was noted on the 1837 Irish Ordnance Survey maps. It is suggested from these records that this may have been a rath. Site RO019-008 refers to a [[souterrain]] sited on the crest of a low north-south ridge south-west of the lake. The precise location is unknown and the information about it comes from local knowledge. Site RO019-012 to the east of the lake refers to a children’s burial ground. <ref name=Monuments> {{Cite web |title=National Monuments Service Historic Environment Viewer |url= https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&marker=554297.9002624749%2C785021.7120480882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22RO01993%22%2C%22x%22%3A554297.9002624749%2C%22y%22%3A785021.7120480882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=10|access-date=29 May 2024 |website= heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com }}</ref> ===Walking trails=== There is a walking trail around Errit Lough, which is part of the Lough Errit Walking Trail, which includes a range of looped walks of between 4 and 11 km in length. Dogs on leads are allowed but the walks are not buggy-accessible.<ref name=Trail>{{Cite web |title=Lough Errit Walking Trail |url= https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=visitroscommon.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528215655/https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Conservation objectives== The primary conservation objective for the site is to “maintain the favourable conservation condition of Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''. in Errit Lough SAC”.<ref name=Objectives>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Errit Lough Conservation Objectives |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=npws.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdff |url-status= live }}</ref> This includes objectives to maintain the habitat area /extent subject to natural processes, to prevent decline of the habitat distribution, to prevent decline of the lake vegetation composition, zonation and depth, and to maintain the hydrological regime (groundwater flows) in order to support the habitat. The water quality should be maintained with low (oligotrophic) nutrient concentrations, high transparency, high chlorophyll, phytoplankton and algal biomass status.<ref name=Objectives/> --> ==See also * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{cite web | url = https://www.logainm.ie/en/110059 | title = Loch Eirid/Errit Lough | work = Placenames Database of Ireland (logainm.ie) | publisher = [[Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht|Government of Ireland - Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht]] and [[Dublin City University]] | accessdate = 30 January 2020}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eirid, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Ros Comáin| Lochanna Chontae Ros Comáin]] == Loch an Scoir== == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1411410.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scoir | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=logainm2>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scoir (baile fearainn) | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=fgbScor>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/scor | teideal = scor II | foilsitheoir = [[teanglann.ie]] | dátarochtana = 5ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga}}</ref> <ref name=fishinginireland>{{cite web | authorb= Angling Ireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015}}</ref> <ref name=discoverireland>{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan | url = http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 | bliain = 2017 | work = discoverireland.ie}}</ref> <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> <ref name=Minchin2002>{{cite report | title = Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001 | year = 2002 | last1 = Minchin | last2 = Lucy | last3 = Sullivan | url = http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf | publisher = Marine Institute | work = Marine Environment and Health Series | volume = 5}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scoir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] d2fixapsm3uwkzktmnjlnefheoslghr 1272689 1272688 2025-07-04T23:52:52Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Tagairtí */ 1272689 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch Eirid == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' ''' Loch Eirid'''<ref name=logainm>{{cite web | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/110059 | title = Loch Eirid/Errit Lough | work = Placenames Database of Ireland (logainm.ie) | publisher = [[Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht|Government of Ireland - Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht]] and [[Dublin City University]] | accessdate = 30 January 2020}}</ref> is a [[freshwater]] lake in the west of Ireland. It is located in west [[County Roscommon]] in the catchment of the [[Boyle River (Ireland)|Boyle River]]. '' The lake is a [[Natura 2000]] site, protected as a [[List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland#Roscommon|Special Area of Conservation]] (or SAC) since May 2016 under the qualification of a specific habitat type: the presence of ‘[[Hard Water]] Lakes’, alternatively known as ‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.’<ref name=IrishStatutebook>{{Cite web |title=Statutory Instrument S.I. No. 266/2016 - European Union Habitats (Errit Lough Special Area of Conservation 000607) Regulations 2016 |url= https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=irishstatutebook.ie/ |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526214727/https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Synopsis>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Errit Lough Site Synopsis |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=npws.ie |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526220656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=EUNIS>{{Cite web |title=EUNIS-Errit Lough SAC |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=eunis.eea.europa.eu |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526224336/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=BISE>{{Cite web |title=Errit Lough Biodiversity Information System for Europe |url= https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 |access-date=29 May 2024 |website= biodiversity.europa.eu/|archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529212438/https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 |url-status= live }}</ref> == Tíreolaíocht '' Errit Lough is located approximately 10 km south-west of the town of [[Ballaghaderreen]] in County Roscommon. The lake is situated in the upper part of the [[Boyle River (Ireland)|Boyle River]] catchment. The area of Errit Lough included in the SAC designation is located in the townlands of Cloondart, Derreenamackaun, Errit, Gortaganny (Electoral District Artagh South) and Tully (Electoral District Artagh South) in County Roscommon. Schedule 1 of the Statutory Instrument for this site identifies it as encompassing an area of 84.59 ha.<ref name= IrishStatutebook/><ref name=Synopsis/> [[File:Lough Errit, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Photo of Lough Errit, a hard water lake and SAC]] <!-- ==SAC qualification== The Errit Lough site was proposed as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) in 1998.<ref name= EUNIS/> In 2016, the site was designated as a [[Special Area of Conservation]], with site code IE0000607. Statutory Instrument 266 of 2016 established the site as an SAC.<ref name=IrishStatutebook/> The feature which qualifies this site for SAC status is the presence of [[Hard Water]] Lakes – this habitat is also known as ‘‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.’. Under the EU [[Habitats Directive]], this is an Annex I habitat type (code 3140). The Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats defines this habitat as comprising: <blockquote> “Lakes and pools with waters fairly rich in dissolved bases (pH often 6-7) (Pal. 22.12) or with mostly blue to greenish, very clear, waters poor (to moderate) in nutrients, base-rich (pH often >7.5) (Pal. 22.15). The bottom of these unpolluted water bodies are covered with charophyte, ''Chara'' and ''Nitella'', algal carpets. In the Boreal region this habitat type includes small calcareous-rich oligo-mesotrophic gyttja pools with dense ''Chara'' (dominating species is ''Chara strigosa'') carpets, often surrounded by various eutrophic fens and pine bogs.” <ref name="HardWater">{{Cite web |title=EUNIS Habitat type: Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=eunis.eea.europa.eu |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240526230720/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |url-status=live }}</ref></blockquote> [[Hard water]] lakes are typically base-rich, oligotrophic and unpolluted, with clear water. The NPWS publication "Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018" notes that the alkalinity of this lake was 136 mg/l CaCO³ and the euphotic depth (a measure of water clarity: the depth at which photosynthetic available radiation is 1% of its surface value) was 3.3 m. Typically lakes with total phosphorus of less than 0.01 mg/l have euphotic depth of over 5.0 m, but Lough Errit, a high-colour lake (of over 45 Hazen units), has low levels of phosphorus (total phosphorus of approximately 0.01 mg/l) and a low euphotic depth. This document notes four Charophyte species occurring in this lake, with [[charophyte]] cover of 0.52 (52%). It is noted that in Ireland, [[marl]] lakes and cut-over bogs often occur in the same location, an issue for this habitat type is the leaching of coloured water into these lakes, resulting in a high water colour. This may explain the low levels of deeper water vegetation in Errit Lough.<ref name=Marllakes>{{Cite web |title= Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018 |author=Roden, Cilian; Murphy, Paul; Ryan, James |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |access-date=29 May 2024 |website=npws.ie/ |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529220425/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Errit Lough, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Erit Lough, a hard water lake and SAC]] ===Vegetation=== The east side of this marl lake has exposed stony shores. On the west side of the lake are more sheltered areas. Within these more protected bays can be found emergent species such as [[Common Club-rush]] (''Scirpus lacustris'' or ''Schoenoplectus lacustris'') and [[Common Reed]] (Phragmites australis). [[Bottle Sedge]] (''Carex rostrata'') and [[Common Spike-rush]] (''Eleocharis palustris'') also occur on the west side of the site.<ref name= Synopsis/> As part of the designation criteria for the site (Hard Water lake with Chara Spp), there are beds of [[stonewort]] species (''Chara spp'') growing on the lake bed. These species include ''Chara pedunculata'', ''C. rudis'', ''C. desmacantha'' and ''C. fragilis''. In certain areas of the lake, floating [[Yellow water-lily]] (''Nuphar lutea'') are recorded. ===Nearby Special Areas of Conservation and proposed Natural Heritage Areas=== As can be seen from the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS) designated sites map, other designated SAC sites nearby include [[Urlaur Lough]] (NPWS site code 001571), [[Derrinea bog]] (NPWS site code 000604), Carrowbehy/Caher Bog (NPWS site code 000597), [[Drumalough Bog]] (NPWS site code 002338), and the [[River Moy]] SAC (NPWS site code 002298). This concentration of designated SACs in the area indicates that this location is ecologically very valuable.<ref name=pNHA>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Designations Viewer |url= https://dahg.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=8f7060450de3485fa1c1085536d477ba&marker=553627.7066031246%2C785548.4022885882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20Lough%22%2C%22x%22%3A553627.7066031246%2C%22y%22%3A785548.4022885882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8| access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dahg.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> The Errit Lough site has been included as a proposed Natural Heritage Area (or pNHA) by the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS). Other nearby pNHA sites include [[Urlaur Lough]], [[Carrowbehy/Caher Bog]], [[Derrinea Bog]], Mannin And Island Lakes, Drumalough Bog and Lough Glinn.<ref name=pNHA/> ==Other features== ===Geology=== The area surrounding the lake is a County Geological Site (or CGS). This area comprises the Erris and Cloonagh Loughs Deltas (site code RO012). The deltas are wide, flat-topped ridges of gravel and sand, situated above the nearby bog area. The deltas are considered to be good examples of deglacial, ice-marginal, meltwater-deposited features which frequently form at the edge of glacial lakes. The deltas were deposited at this site during deglaciation after the last Ice Age, at the edge of the northwestward-retreating ice sheet and date from the Quaternary period. These deltas were formed on [[Lower Carboniferous]] limestone bedrock and are made up of limestone clasts, which came from the bedrock around the site. The ice carried them until they were released into a meltwater conduit within the ice. They were then deposited at the margin of the ice sub-aqueously at the point where the river left the ice, flowing in a southeastward direction.<ref name=CGS>{{Cite web |title=County Geological Site Report |url=https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=gsi.geodata.gov.ie/ |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223223/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=CGSMap>{{Cite web |title=Department of the Environment, Climate & Communications Public Data Viewer |url= https://dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ebaf90ff2d554522b438ff313b0c197a&marker=554555.284936843%2C785095.5381372022%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20and%20Cloonagh%20Loughs%20Deltas%22%2C%22x%22%3A554555.284936843%2C%22y%22%3A785095.5381372022%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8 |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/home/index.html }}</ref> ===Archaeology=== The Historic Environment Viewer map of Irish recorded monuments includes a number of historic features at Errit Lough. A number of [[crannóg]]s have been recorded from the lake (site codes RO019-004, RO019-005, RO109-009 and RO019-011). From the recorded monuments records, site code RO019-010 refers to a well (with no evidence that it is a holy well) known as Tober Skeheen, which has a pump-house. Site RO019-006 refers to a circular embanked enclosure with external diameter of approximately 35 metres, which was noted on the 1837 Irish Ordnance Survey maps. It is suggested from these records that this may have been a rath. Site RO019-008 refers to a [[souterrain]] sited on the crest of a low north-south ridge south-west of the lake. The precise location is unknown and the information about it comes from local knowledge. Site RO019-012 to the east of the lake refers to a children’s burial ground. <ref name=Monuments> {{Cite web |title=National Monuments Service Historic Environment Viewer |url= https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&marker=554297.9002624749%2C785021.7120480882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22RO01993%22%2C%22x%22%3A554297.9002624749%2C%22y%22%3A785021.7120480882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=10|access-date=29 May 2024 |website= heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com }}</ref> ===Walking trails=== There is a walking trail around Errit Lough, which is part of the Lough Errit Walking Trail, which includes a range of looped walks of between 4 and 11 km in length. Dogs on leads are allowed but the walks are not buggy-accessible.<ref name=Trail>{{Cite web |title=Lough Errit Walking Trail |url= https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=visitroscommon.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528215655/https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Conservation objectives== The primary conservation objective for the site is to “maintain the favourable conservation condition of Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''. in Errit Lough SAC”.<ref name=Objectives>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Errit Lough Conservation Objectives |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=npws.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdff |url-status= live }}</ref> This includes objectives to maintain the habitat area /extent subject to natural processes, to prevent decline of the habitat distribution, to prevent decline of the lake vegetation composition, zonation and depth, and to maintain the hydrological regime (groundwater flows) in order to support the habitat. The water quality should be maintained with low (oligotrophic) nutrient concentrations, high transparency, high chlorophyll, phytoplankton and algal biomass status.<ref name=Objectives/> --> ==See also * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{cite web | url = https://www.logainm.ie/en/110059 | title = Loch Eirid/Errit Lough | work = Placenames Database of Ireland (logainm.ie) | publisher = [[Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht|Government of Ireland - Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht]] and [[Dublin City University]] | accessdate = 30 January 2020}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eirid, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Ros Comáin| Lochanna Chontae Ros Comáin]] == Loch an Scoir== == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = }} ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] mu9mfxcqqknxg6s9cmk68jltsflgry6 1272690 1272689 2025-07-04T23:53:34Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272690 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch Eirid == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' ''' Loch Eirid'''<ref name=logainm>{{cite web | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/110059 | title = Loch Eirid/Errit Lough | work = Placenames Database of Ireland (logainm.ie) | publisher = [[Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht|Government of Ireland - Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht]] and [[Dublin City University]] | accessdate = 30 January 2020}}</ref> is a [[freshwater]] lake in the west of Ireland. It is located in west [[County Roscommon]] in the catchment of the [[Boyle River (Ireland)|Boyle River]]. '' The lake is a [[Natura 2000]] site, protected as a [[List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland#Roscommon|Special Area of Conservation]] (or SAC) since May 2016 under the qualification of a specific habitat type: the presence of ‘[[Hard Water]] Lakes’, alternatively known as ‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.’<ref name=IrishStatutebook>{{Cite web |title=Statutory Instrument S.I. No. 266/2016 - European Union Habitats (Errit Lough Special Area of Conservation 000607) Regulations 2016 |url= https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=irishstatutebook.ie/ |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526214727/https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Synopsis>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Errit Lough Site Synopsis |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=npws.ie |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526220656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=EUNIS>{{Cite web |title=EUNIS-Errit Lough SAC |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=eunis.eea.europa.eu |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526224336/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=BISE>{{Cite web |title=Errit Lough Biodiversity Information System for Europe |url= https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 |access-date=29 May 2024 |website= biodiversity.europa.eu/|archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529212438/https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 |url-status= live }}</ref> == Tíreolaíocht '' Errit Lough is located approximately 10 km south-west of the town of [[Ballaghaderreen]] in County Roscommon. The lake is situated in the upper part of the [[Boyle River (Ireland)|Boyle River]] catchment. The area of Errit Lough included in the SAC designation is located in the townlands of Cloondart, Derreenamackaun, Errit, Gortaganny (Electoral District Artagh South) and Tully (Electoral District Artagh South) in County Roscommon. Schedule 1 of the Statutory Instrument for this site identifies it as encompassing an area of 84.59 ha.<ref name= IrishStatutebook/><ref name=Synopsis/> [[File:Lough Errit, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Photo of Lough Errit, a hard water lake and SAC]] <!-- ==SAC qualification== The Errit Lough site was proposed as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) in 1998.<ref name= EUNIS/> In 2016, the site was designated as a [[Special Area of Conservation]], with site code IE0000607. Statutory Instrument 266 of 2016 established the site as an SAC.<ref name=IrishStatutebook/> The feature which qualifies this site for SAC status is the presence of [[Hard Water]] Lakes – this habitat is also known as ‘‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.’. Under the EU [[Habitats Directive]], this is an Annex I habitat type (code 3140). The Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats defines this habitat as comprising: <blockquote> “Lakes and pools with waters fairly rich in dissolved bases (pH often 6-7) (Pal. 22.12) or with mostly blue to greenish, very clear, waters poor (to moderate) in nutrients, base-rich (pH often >7.5) (Pal. 22.15). The bottom of these unpolluted water bodies are covered with charophyte, ''Chara'' and ''Nitella'', algal carpets. In the Boreal region this habitat type includes small calcareous-rich oligo-mesotrophic gyttja pools with dense ''Chara'' (dominating species is ''Chara strigosa'') carpets, often surrounded by various eutrophic fens and pine bogs.” <ref name="HardWater">{{Cite web |title=EUNIS Habitat type: Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=eunis.eea.europa.eu |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240526230720/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |url-status=live }}</ref></blockquote> [[Hard water]] lakes are typically base-rich, oligotrophic and unpolluted, with clear water. The NPWS publication "Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018" notes that the alkalinity of this lake was 136 mg/l CaCO³ and the euphotic depth (a measure of water clarity: the depth at which photosynthetic available radiation is 1% of its surface value) was 3.3 m. Typically lakes with total phosphorus of less than 0.01 mg/l have euphotic depth of over 5.0 m, but Lough Errit, a high-colour lake (of over 45 Hazen units), has low levels of phosphorus (total phosphorus of approximately 0.01 mg/l) and a low euphotic depth. This document notes four Charophyte species occurring in this lake, with [[charophyte]] cover of 0.52 (52%). It is noted that in Ireland, [[marl]] lakes and cut-over bogs often occur in the same location, an issue for this habitat type is the leaching of coloured water into these lakes, resulting in a high water colour. This may explain the low levels of deeper water vegetation in Errit Lough.<ref name=Marllakes>{{Cite web |title= Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018 |author=Roden, Cilian; Murphy, Paul; Ryan, James |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |access-date=29 May 2024 |website=npws.ie/ |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529220425/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Errit Lough, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Erit Lough, a hard water lake and SAC]] ===Vegetation=== The east side of this marl lake has exposed stony shores. On the west side of the lake are more sheltered areas. Within these more protected bays can be found emergent species such as [[Common Club-rush]] (''Scirpus lacustris'' or ''Schoenoplectus lacustris'') and [[Common Reed]] (Phragmites australis). [[Bottle Sedge]] (''Carex rostrata'') and [[Common Spike-rush]] (''Eleocharis palustris'') also occur on the west side of the site.<ref name= Synopsis/> As part of the designation criteria for the site (Hard Water lake with Chara Spp), there are beds of [[stonewort]] species (''Chara spp'') growing on the lake bed. These species include ''Chara pedunculata'', ''C. rudis'', ''C. desmacantha'' and ''C. fragilis''. In certain areas of the lake, floating [[Yellow water-lily]] (''Nuphar lutea'') are recorded. ===Nearby Special Areas of Conservation and proposed Natural Heritage Areas=== As can be seen from the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS) designated sites map, other designated SAC sites nearby include [[Urlaur Lough]] (NPWS site code 001571), [[Derrinea bog]] (NPWS site code 000604), Carrowbehy/Caher Bog (NPWS site code 000597), [[Drumalough Bog]] (NPWS site code 002338), and the [[River Moy]] SAC (NPWS site code 002298). This concentration of designated SACs in the area indicates that this location is ecologically very valuable.<ref name=pNHA>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Designations Viewer |url= https://dahg.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=8f7060450de3485fa1c1085536d477ba&marker=553627.7066031246%2C785548.4022885882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20Lough%22%2C%22x%22%3A553627.7066031246%2C%22y%22%3A785548.4022885882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8| access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dahg.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> The Errit Lough site has been included as a proposed Natural Heritage Area (or pNHA) by the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS). Other nearby pNHA sites include [[Urlaur Lough]], [[Carrowbehy/Caher Bog]], [[Derrinea Bog]], Mannin And Island Lakes, Drumalough Bog and Lough Glinn.<ref name=pNHA/> ==Other features== ===Geology=== The area surrounding the lake is a County Geological Site (or CGS). This area comprises the Erris and Cloonagh Loughs Deltas (site code RO012). The deltas are wide, flat-topped ridges of gravel and sand, situated above the nearby bog area. The deltas are considered to be good examples of deglacial, ice-marginal, meltwater-deposited features which frequently form at the edge of glacial lakes. The deltas were deposited at this site during deglaciation after the last Ice Age, at the edge of the northwestward-retreating ice sheet and date from the Quaternary period. These deltas were formed on [[Lower Carboniferous]] limestone bedrock and are made up of limestone clasts, which came from the bedrock around the site. The ice carried them until they were released into a meltwater conduit within the ice. They were then deposited at the margin of the ice sub-aqueously at the point where the river left the ice, flowing in a southeastward direction.<ref name=CGS>{{Cite web |title=County Geological Site Report |url=https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=gsi.geodata.gov.ie/ |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223223/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=CGSMap>{{Cite web |title=Department of the Environment, Climate & Communications Public Data Viewer |url= https://dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ebaf90ff2d554522b438ff313b0c197a&marker=554555.284936843%2C785095.5381372022%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20and%20Cloonagh%20Loughs%20Deltas%22%2C%22x%22%3A554555.284936843%2C%22y%22%3A785095.5381372022%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8 |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/home/index.html }}</ref> ===Archaeology=== The Historic Environment Viewer map of Irish recorded monuments includes a number of historic features at Errit Lough. A number of [[crannóg]]s have been recorded from the lake (site codes RO019-004, RO019-005, RO109-009 and RO019-011). From the recorded monuments records, site code RO019-010 refers to a well (with no evidence that it is a holy well) known as Tober Skeheen, which has a pump-house. Site RO019-006 refers to a circular embanked enclosure with external diameter of approximately 35 metres, which was noted on the 1837 Irish Ordnance Survey maps. It is suggested from these records that this may have been a rath. Site RO019-008 refers to a [[souterrain]] sited on the crest of a low north-south ridge south-west of the lake. The precise location is unknown and the information about it comes from local knowledge. Site RO019-012 to the east of the lake refers to a children’s burial ground. <ref name=Monuments> {{Cite web |title=National Monuments Service Historic Environment Viewer |url= https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&marker=554297.9002624749%2C785021.7120480882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22RO01993%22%2C%22x%22%3A554297.9002624749%2C%22y%22%3A785021.7120480882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=10|access-date=29 May 2024 |website= heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com }}</ref> ===Walking trails=== There is a walking trail around Errit Lough, which is part of the Lough Errit Walking Trail, which includes a range of looped walks of between 4 and 11 km in length. Dogs on leads are allowed but the walks are not buggy-accessible.<ref name=Trail>{{Cite web |title=Lough Errit Walking Trail |url= https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=visitroscommon.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528215655/https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Conservation objectives== The primary conservation objective for the site is to “maintain the favourable conservation condition of Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''. in Errit Lough SAC”.<ref name=Objectives>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Errit Lough Conservation Objectives |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=npws.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdff |url-status= live }}</ref> This includes objectives to maintain the habitat area /extent subject to natural processes, to prevent decline of the habitat distribution, to prevent decline of the lake vegetation composition, zonation and depth, and to maintain the hydrological regime (groundwater flows) in order to support the habitat. The water quality should be maintained with low (oligotrophic) nutrient concentrations, high transparency, high chlorophyll, phytoplankton and algal biomass status.<ref name=Objectives/> --> ==See also * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{cite web | url = https://www.logainm.ie/en/110059 | title = Loch Eirid/Errit Lough | work = Placenames Database of Ireland (logainm.ie) | publisher = [[Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht|Government of Ireland - Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht]] and [[Dublin City University]] | accessdate = 30 January 2020}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eirid, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Ros Comáin| Lochanna Chontae Ros Comáin]] == Loch an Scoir== == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 61wehpsrzmipvb3j6woeinrf6rc4bj0 1272691 1272690 2025-07-05T00:28:20Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch Eirid */ 1272691 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch Eirid == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' ''' Loch Eirid'''<ref name=logainm /> is a [[freshwater]] lake in the west of Ireland. It is located in west [[Contae Ros Comáin]] in the catchment of the [[An Bhuaile]]. '' The lake is a [[Natura 2000]] site, protected as a [[List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland#Roscommon|Special Area of Conservation]] (or SAC) since May 2016 under the qualification of a specific habitat type: the presence of ‘[[Hard Water]] Lakes’, alternatively known as ‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.’<ref name=IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /><ref name=EUNIS /><ref name=BISE /> == Tíreolaíocht '' Errit Lough is located approximately 10 km south-west of the town of [[Ballaghaderreen]] in County Roscommon. The lake is situated in the upper part of the [[Boyle River (Ireland)|Boyle River]] catchment. The area of Errit Lough included in the SAC designation is located in the townlands of Cloondart, Derreenamackaun, Errit, Gortaganny (Electoral District Artagh South) and Tully (Electoral District Artagh South) in County Roscommon. Schedule 1 of the Statutory Instrument for this site identifies it as encompassing an area of 84.59 ha.<ref name= IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /> [[Íomhá:Lough Errit, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Loch Eirid, '' a hard water lake and SAC]] <!-- ==SAC qualification== The Errit Lough site was proposed as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) in 1998.<ref name= EUNIS/> In 2016, the site was designated as a [[Special Area of Conservation]], with site code IE0000607. Statutory Instrument 266 of 2016 established the site as an SAC.<ref name=IrishStatutebook/> The feature which qualifies this site for SAC status is the presence of [[Hard Water]] Lakes – this habitat is also known as ‘‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.’. Under the EU [[Habitats Directive]], this is an Annex I habitat type (code 3140). The Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats defines this habitat as comprising: <blockquote> “Lakes and pools with waters fairly rich in dissolved bases (pH often 6-7) (Pal. 22.12) or with mostly blue to greenish, very clear, waters poor (to moderate) in nutrients, base-rich (pH often >7.5) (Pal. 22.15). The bottom of these unpolluted water bodies are covered with charophyte, ''Chara'' and ''Nitella'', algal carpets. In the Boreal region this habitat type includes small calcareous-rich oligo-mesotrophic gyttja pools with dense ''Chara'' (dominating species is ''Chara strigosa'') carpets, often surrounded by various eutrophic fens and pine bogs.” <ref name="HardWater">{{Cite web |title=EUNIS Habitat type: Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=eunis.eea.europa.eu |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240526230720/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |url-status=live }}</ref></blockquote> [[Hard water]] lakes are typically base-rich, oligotrophic and unpolluted, with clear water. The NPWS publication "Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018" notes that the alkalinity of this lake was 136 mg/l CaCO³ and the euphotic depth (a measure of water clarity: the depth at which photosynthetic available radiation is 1% of its surface value) was 3.3 m. Typically lakes with total phosphorus of less than 0.01 mg/l have euphotic depth of over 5.0 m, but Lough Errit, a high-colour lake (of over 45 Hazen units), has low levels of phosphorus (total phosphorus of approximately 0.01 mg/l) and a low euphotic depth. This document notes four Charophyte species occurring in this lake, with [[charophyte]] cover of 0.52 (52%). It is noted that in Ireland, [[marl]] lakes and cut-over bogs often occur in the same location, an issue for this habitat type is the leaching of coloured water into these lakes, resulting in a high water colour. This may explain the low levels of deeper water vegetation in Errit Lough.<ref name=Marllakes>{{Cite web |title= Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018 |author=Roden, Cilian; Murphy, Paul; Ryan, James |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |access-date=29 May 2024 |website=npws.ie/ |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529220425/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Errit Lough, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Erit Lough, a hard water lake and SAC]] ===Vegetation=== The east side of this marl lake has exposed stony shores. On the west side of the lake are more sheltered areas. Within these more protected bays can be found emergent species such as [[Common Club-rush]] (''Scirpus lacustris'' or ''Schoenoplectus lacustris'') and [[Common Reed]] (Phragmites australis). [[Bottle Sedge]] (''Carex rostrata'') and [[Common Spike-rush]] (''Eleocharis palustris'') also occur on the west side of the site.<ref name= Synopsis/> As part of the designation criteria for the site (Hard Water lake with Chara Spp), there are beds of [[stonewort]] species (''Chara spp'') growing on the lake bed. These species include ''Chara pedunculata'', ''C. rudis'', ''C. desmacantha'' and ''C. fragilis''. In certain areas of the lake, floating [[Yellow water-lily]] (''Nuphar lutea'') are recorded. ===Nearby Special Areas of Conservation and proposed Natural Heritage Areas=== As can be seen from the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS) designated sites map, other designated SAC sites nearby include [[Urlaur Lough]] (NPWS site code 001571), [[Derrinea bog]] (NPWS site code 000604), Carrowbehy/Caher Bog (NPWS site code 000597), [[Drumalough Bog]] (NPWS site code 002338), and the [[River Moy]] SAC (NPWS site code 002298). This concentration of designated SACs in the area indicates that this location is ecologically very valuable.<ref name=pNHA>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Designations Viewer |url= https://dahg.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=8f7060450de3485fa1c1085536d477ba&marker=553627.7066031246%2C785548.4022885882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20Lough%22%2C%22x%22%3A553627.7066031246%2C%22y%22%3A785548.4022885882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8| access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dahg.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> The Errit Lough site has been included as a proposed Natural Heritage Area (or pNHA) by the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS). Other nearby pNHA sites include [[Urlaur Lough]], [[Carrowbehy/Caher Bog]], [[Derrinea Bog]], Mannin And Island Lakes, Drumalough Bog and Lough Glinn.<ref name=pNHA/> ==Other features== ===Geology=== The area surrounding the lake is a County Geological Site (or CGS). This area comprises the Erris and Cloonagh Loughs Deltas (site code RO012). The deltas are wide, flat-topped ridges of gravel and sand, situated above the nearby bog area. The deltas are considered to be good examples of deglacial, ice-marginal, meltwater-deposited features which frequently form at the edge of glacial lakes. The deltas were deposited at this site during deglaciation after the last Ice Age, at the edge of the northwestward-retreating ice sheet and date from the Quaternary period. These deltas were formed on [[Lower Carboniferous]] limestone bedrock and are made up of limestone clasts, which came from the bedrock around the site. The ice carried them until they were released into a meltwater conduit within the ice. They were then deposited at the margin of the ice sub-aqueously at the point where the river left the ice, flowing in a southeastward direction.<ref name=CGS>{{Cite web |title=County Geological Site Report |url=https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=gsi.geodata.gov.ie/ |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223223/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=CGSMap>{{Cite web |title=Department of the Environment, Climate & Communications Public Data Viewer |url= https://dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ebaf90ff2d554522b438ff313b0c197a&marker=554555.284936843%2C785095.5381372022%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20and%20Cloonagh%20Loughs%20Deltas%22%2C%22x%22%3A554555.284936843%2C%22y%22%3A785095.5381372022%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8 |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/home/index.html }}</ref> ===Archaeology=== The Historic Environment Viewer map of Irish recorded monuments includes a number of historic features at Errit Lough. A number of [[crannóg]]s have been recorded from the lake (site codes RO019-004, RO019-005, RO109-009 and RO019-011). From the recorded monuments records, site code RO019-010 refers to a well (with no evidence that it is a holy well) known as Tober Skeheen, which has a pump-house. Site RO019-006 refers to a circular embanked enclosure with external diameter of approximately 35 metres, which was noted on the 1837 Irish Ordnance Survey maps. It is suggested from these records that this may have been a rath. Site RO019-008 refers to a [[souterrain]] sited on the crest of a low north-south ridge south-west of the lake. The precise location is unknown and the information about it comes from local knowledge. Site RO019-012 to the east of the lake refers to a children’s burial ground. <ref name=Monuments> {{Cite web |title=National Monuments Service Historic Environment Viewer |url= https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&marker=554297.9002624749%2C785021.7120480882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22RO01993%22%2C%22x%22%3A554297.9002624749%2C%22y%22%3A785021.7120480882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=10|access-date=29 May 2024 |website= heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com }}</ref> ===Walking trails=== There is a walking trail around Errit Lough, which is part of the Lough Errit Walking Trail, which includes a range of looped walks of between 4 and 11 km in length. Dogs on leads are allowed but the walks are not buggy-accessible.<ref name=Trail>{{Cite web |title=Lough Errit Walking Trail |url= https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=visitroscommon.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528215655/https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Conservation objectives== The primary conservation objective for the site is to “maintain the favourable conservation condition of Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''. in Errit Lough SAC”.<ref name=Objectives>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Errit Lough Conservation Objectives |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=npws.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdff |url-status= live }}</ref> This includes objectives to maintain the habitat area /extent subject to natural processes, to prevent decline of the habitat distribution, to prevent decline of the lake vegetation composition, zonation and depth, and to maintain the hydrological regime (groundwater flows) in order to support the habitat. The water quality should be maintained with low (oligotrophic) nutrient concentrations, high transparency, high chlorophyll, phytoplankton and algal biomass status.<ref name=Objectives/> --> ==See also * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/110059 | teideal = Loch Eirid | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 30ú Eanáir 2020 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=IrishStatutebook>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Statutory Instrument S.I. No. 266/2016 - European Union Habitats (Errit Lough Special Area of Conservation 000607) Regulations 2016 | url = https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = irishstatutebook.ie/ | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526214727/https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Synopsis>{{lua idirlín | teideal = NPWS Errit Lough Site Synopsis | url = https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website=npws.ie | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240526220656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=EUNIS>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EUNIS-Errit Lough SAC |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = eunis.eea.europa.eu | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526224336/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=BISE>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Errit Lough Biodiversity Information System for Europe |url= https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | access-date = 29 May 2024 | website = biodiversity.europa.eu/ | archive-date = 29 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240529212438/https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eirid, Loch}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ros Comáin]] == Loch an Scoir== == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 5xhjb8qncwbaesz0eif6wzdztpbvznp 1272712 1272691 2025-07-05T08:24:37Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch Eirid */ 1272712 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch Eirid == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Eirid'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite in iarthair {{h|Contae Ros Comáin}}, i n-abhantrach [[An Bhuaile|Na Buaile]]. Is suíomh [Natura 2000]] é an loch, cosainte mar [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] ó Bhealtaine 2016 ar aghaidh, '' under the qualification of a specific habitat type: the presence of ‘[[Hard Water]] Lakes’.{{refn | group=n | '' Alternatively known as ‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.'}}<ref name=IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /><ref name=EUNIS /><ref name=BISE /> == Tíreolaíocht '' Errit Lough is located approximately 10 km south-west of the town of [[Ballaghaderreen]] in County Roscommon. The lake is situated in the upper part of the [[Boyle River (Ireland)|Boyle River]] catchment. The area of Errit Lough included in the SAC designation is located in the townlands of Cloondart, Derreenamackaun, Errit, Gortaganny (Electoral District Artagh South) and Tully (Electoral District Artagh South) in County Roscommon. Schedule 1 of the Statutory Instrument for this site identifies it as encompassing an area of 84.59 ha.<ref name= IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /> [[Íomhá:Lough Errit, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Loch Eirid, '' a hard water lake and SAC]] <!-- ==SAC qualification== The Errit Lough site was proposed as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) in 1998.<ref name= EUNIS/> In 2016, the site was designated as a [[Special Area of Conservation]], with site code IE0000607. Statutory Instrument 266 of 2016 established the site as an SAC.<ref name=IrishStatutebook/> The feature which qualifies this site for SAC status is the presence of [[Hard Water]] Lakes – this habitat is also known as ‘‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.’. Under the EU [[Habitats Directive]], this is an Annex I habitat type (code 3140). The Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats defines this habitat as comprising: <blockquote> “Lakes and pools with waters fairly rich in dissolved bases (pH often 6-7) (Pal. 22.12) or with mostly blue to greenish, very clear, waters poor (to moderate) in nutrients, base-rich (pH often >7.5) (Pal. 22.15). The bottom of these unpolluted water bodies are covered with charophyte, ''Chara'' and ''Nitella'', algal carpets. In the Boreal region this habitat type includes small calcareous-rich oligo-mesotrophic gyttja pools with dense ''Chara'' (dominating species is ''Chara strigosa'') carpets, often surrounded by various eutrophic fens and pine bogs.” <ref name="HardWater">{{Cite web |title=EUNIS Habitat type: Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=eunis.eea.europa.eu |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240526230720/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |url-status=live }}</ref></blockquote> [[Hard water]] lakes are typically base-rich, oligotrophic and unpolluted, with clear water. The NPWS publication "Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018" notes that the alkalinity of this lake was 136 mg/l CaCO³ and the euphotic depth (a measure of water clarity: the depth at which photosynthetic available radiation is 1% of its surface value) was 3.3 m. Typically lakes with total phosphorus of less than 0.01 mg/l have euphotic depth of over 5.0 m, but Lough Errit, a high-colour lake (of over 45 Hazen units), has low levels of phosphorus (total phosphorus of approximately 0.01 mg/l) and a low euphotic depth. This document notes four Charophyte species occurring in this lake, with [[charophyte]] cover of 0.52 (52%). It is noted that in Ireland, [[marl]] lakes and cut-over bogs often occur in the same location, an issue for this habitat type is the leaching of coloured water into these lakes, resulting in a high water colour. This may explain the low levels of deeper water vegetation in Errit Lough.<ref name=Marllakes>{{Cite web |title= Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018 |author=Roden, Cilian; Murphy, Paul; Ryan, James |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |access-date=29 May 2024 |website=npws.ie/ |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529220425/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Errit Lough, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Erit Lough, a hard water lake and SAC]] ===Vegetation=== The east side of this marl lake has exposed stony shores. On the west side of the lake are more sheltered areas. Within these more protected bays can be found emergent species such as [[Common Club-rush]] (''Scirpus lacustris'' or ''Schoenoplectus lacustris'') and [[Common Reed]] (Phragmites australis). [[Bottle Sedge]] (''Carex rostrata'') and [[Common Spike-rush]] (''Eleocharis palustris'') also occur on the west side of the site.<ref name= Synopsis/> As part of the designation criteria for the site (Hard Water lake with Chara Spp), there are beds of [[stonewort]] species (''Chara spp'') growing on the lake bed. These species include ''Chara pedunculata'', ''C. rudis'', ''C. desmacantha'' and ''C. fragilis''. In certain areas of the lake, floating [[Yellow water-lily]] (''Nuphar lutea'') are recorded. ===Nearby Special Areas of Conservation and proposed Natural Heritage Areas=== As can be seen from the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS) designated sites map, other designated SAC sites nearby include [[Urlaur Lough]] (NPWS site code 001571), [[Derrinea bog]] (NPWS site code 000604), Carrowbehy/Caher Bog (NPWS site code 000597), [[Drumalough Bog]] (NPWS site code 002338), and the [[River Moy]] SAC (NPWS site code 002298). This concentration of designated SACs in the area indicates that this location is ecologically very valuable.<ref name=pNHA>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Designations Viewer |url= https://dahg.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=8f7060450de3485fa1c1085536d477ba&marker=553627.7066031246%2C785548.4022885882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20Lough%22%2C%22x%22%3A553627.7066031246%2C%22y%22%3A785548.4022885882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8| access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dahg.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> The Errit Lough site has been included as a proposed Natural Heritage Area (or pNHA) by the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS). Other nearby pNHA sites include [[Urlaur Lough]], [[Carrowbehy/Caher Bog]], [[Derrinea Bog]], Mannin And Island Lakes, Drumalough Bog and Lough Glinn.<ref name=pNHA/> ==Other features== ===Geology=== The area surrounding the lake is a County Geological Site (or CGS). This area comprises the Erris and Cloonagh Loughs Deltas (site code RO012). The deltas are wide, flat-topped ridges of gravel and sand, situated above the nearby bog area. The deltas are considered to be good examples of deglacial, ice-marginal, meltwater-deposited features which frequently form at the edge of glacial lakes. The deltas were deposited at this site during deglaciation after the last Ice Age, at the edge of the northwestward-retreating ice sheet and date from the Quaternary period. These deltas were formed on [[Lower Carboniferous]] limestone bedrock and are made up of limestone clasts, which came from the bedrock around the site. The ice carried them until they were released into a meltwater conduit within the ice. They were then deposited at the margin of the ice sub-aqueously at the point where the river left the ice, flowing in a southeastward direction.<ref name=CGS>{{Cite web |title=County Geological Site Report |url=https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=gsi.geodata.gov.ie/ |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223223/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=CGSMap>{{Cite web |title=Department of the Environment, Climate & Communications Public Data Viewer |url= https://dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ebaf90ff2d554522b438ff313b0c197a&marker=554555.284936843%2C785095.5381372022%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20and%20Cloonagh%20Loughs%20Deltas%22%2C%22x%22%3A554555.284936843%2C%22y%22%3A785095.5381372022%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8 |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/home/index.html }}</ref> ===Archaeology=== The Historic Environment Viewer map of Irish recorded monuments includes a number of historic features at Errit Lough. A number of [[crannóg]]s have been recorded from the lake (site codes RO019-004, RO019-005, RO109-009 and RO019-011). From the recorded monuments records, site code RO019-010 refers to a well (with no evidence that it is a holy well) known as Tober Skeheen, which has a pump-house. Site RO019-006 refers to a circular embanked enclosure with external diameter of approximately 35 metres, which was noted on the 1837 Irish Ordnance Survey maps. It is suggested from these records that this may have been a rath. Site RO019-008 refers to a [[souterrain]] sited on the crest of a low north-south ridge south-west of the lake. The precise location is unknown and the information about it comes from local knowledge. Site RO019-012 to the east of the lake refers to a children’s burial ground. <ref name=Monuments> {{Cite web |title=National Monuments Service Historic Environment Viewer |url= https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&marker=554297.9002624749%2C785021.7120480882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22RO01993%22%2C%22x%22%3A554297.9002624749%2C%22y%22%3A785021.7120480882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=10|access-date=29 May 2024 |website= heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com }}</ref> ===Walking trails=== There is a walking trail around Errit Lough, which is part of the Lough Errit Walking Trail, which includes a range of looped walks of between 4 and 11 km in length. Dogs on leads are allowed but the walks are not buggy-accessible.<ref name=Trail>{{Cite web |title=Lough Errit Walking Trail |url= https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=visitroscommon.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528215655/https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Conservation objectives== The primary conservation objective for the site is to “maintain the favourable conservation condition of Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''. in Errit Lough SAC”.<ref name=Objectives>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Errit Lough Conservation Objectives |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=npws.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdff |url-status= live }}</ref> This includes objectives to maintain the habitat area /extent subject to natural processes, to prevent decline of the habitat distribution, to prevent decline of the lake vegetation composition, zonation and depth, and to maintain the hydrological regime (groundwater flows) in order to support the habitat. The water quality should be maintained with low (oligotrophic) nutrient concentrations, high transparency, high chlorophyll, phytoplankton and algal biomass status.<ref name=Objectives/> --> == Féach freisin * [[ Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/110059 | teideal = Loch Eirid | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 30ú Eanáir 2020 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=IrishStatutebook>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Statutory Instrument S.I. No. 266/2016 - European Union Habitats (Errit Lough Special Area of Conservation 000607) Regulations 2016 | url = https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = irishstatutebook.ie/ | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526214727/https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Synopsis>{{lua idirlín | teideal = NPWS Errit Lough Site Synopsis | url = https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website=npws.ie | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240526220656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=EUNIS>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EUNIS-Errit Lough SAC |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = eunis.eea.europa.eu | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526224336/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=BISE>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Errit Lough Biodiversity Information System for Europe |url= https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | access-date = 29 May 2024 | website = biodiversity.europa.eu/ | archive-date = 29 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240529212438/https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eirid, Loch}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ros Comáin]] == Loch an Scoir== == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} ==References and notes == * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] r1m1nqrwz7nv89f1dgg1r27u06ot6mq 1272713 1272712 2025-07-05T08:43:19Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272713 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch Eirid == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Eirid'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite in iarthair {{h|Contae Ros Comáin}}, i n-abhantrach [[An Bhuaile|Na Buaile]]. Is suíomh [Natura 2000]] é an loch, cosainte mar [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] ó Bhealtaine 2016 ar aghaidh, '' under the qualification of a specific habitat type: the presence of ‘[[Hard Water]] Lakes’.{{refn | group=n | '' Alternatively known as ‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.'}}<ref name=IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /><ref name=EUNIS /><ref name=BISE /> == Tíreolaíocht '' Errit Lough is located approximately 10 km south-west of the town of [[Ballaghaderreen]] in County Roscommon. The lake is situated in the upper part of the [[Boyle River (Ireland)|Boyle River]] catchment. The area of Errit Lough included in the SAC designation is located in the townlands of Cloondart, Derreenamackaun, Errit, Gortaganny (Electoral District Artagh South) and Tully (Electoral District Artagh South) in County Roscommon. Schedule 1 of the Statutory Instrument for this site identifies it as encompassing an area of 84.59 ha.<ref name= IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /> [[Íomhá:Lough Errit, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Loch Eirid, '' a hard water lake and SAC]] <!-- ==SAC qualification== The Errit Lough site was proposed as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) in 1998.<ref name= EUNIS/> In 2016, the site was designated as a [[Special Area of Conservation]], with site code IE0000607. Statutory Instrument 266 of 2016 established the site as an SAC.<ref name=IrishStatutebook/> The feature which qualifies this site for SAC status is the presence of [[Hard Water]] Lakes – this habitat is also known as ‘‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.’. Under the EU [[Habitats Directive]], this is an Annex I habitat type (code 3140). The Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats defines this habitat as comprising: <blockquote> “Lakes and pools with waters fairly rich in dissolved bases (pH often 6-7) (Pal. 22.12) or with mostly blue to greenish, very clear, waters poor (to moderate) in nutrients, base-rich (pH often >7.5) (Pal. 22.15). The bottom of these unpolluted water bodies are covered with charophyte, ''Chara'' and ''Nitella'', algal carpets. In the Boreal region this habitat type includes small calcareous-rich oligo-mesotrophic gyttja pools with dense ''Chara'' (dominating species is ''Chara strigosa'') carpets, often surrounded by various eutrophic fens and pine bogs.” <ref name="HardWater">{{Cite web |title=EUNIS Habitat type: Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=eunis.eea.europa.eu |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240526230720/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |url-status=live }}</ref></blockquote> [[Hard water]] lakes are typically base-rich, oligotrophic and unpolluted, with clear water. The NPWS publication "Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018" notes that the alkalinity of this lake was 136 mg/l CaCO³ and the euphotic depth (a measure of water clarity: the depth at which photosynthetic available radiation is 1% of its surface value) was 3.3 m. Typically lakes with total phosphorus of less than 0.01 mg/l have euphotic depth of over 5.0 m, but Lough Errit, a high-colour lake (of over 45 Hazen units), has low levels of phosphorus (total phosphorus of approximately 0.01 mg/l) and a low euphotic depth. This document notes four Charophyte species occurring in this lake, with [[charophyte]] cover of 0.52 (52%). It is noted that in Ireland, [[marl]] lakes and cut-over bogs often occur in the same location, an issue for this habitat type is the leaching of coloured water into these lakes, resulting in a high water colour. This may explain the low levels of deeper water vegetation in Errit Lough.<ref name=Marllakes>{{Cite web |title= Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018 |author=Roden, Cilian; Murphy, Paul; Ryan, James |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |access-date=29 May 2024 |website=npws.ie/ |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529220425/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Errit Lough, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Erit Lough, a hard water lake and SAC]] ===Vegetation=== The east side of this marl lake has exposed stony shores. On the west side of the lake are more sheltered areas. Within these more protected bays can be found emergent species such as [[Common Club-rush]] (''Scirpus lacustris'' or ''Schoenoplectus lacustris'') and [[Common Reed]] (Phragmites australis). [[Bottle Sedge]] (''Carex rostrata'') and [[Common Spike-rush]] (''Eleocharis palustris'') also occur on the west side of the site.<ref name= Synopsis/> As part of the designation criteria for the site (Hard Water lake with Chara Spp), there are beds of [[stonewort]] species (''Chara spp'') growing on the lake bed. These species include ''Chara pedunculata'', ''C. rudis'', ''C. desmacantha'' and ''C. fragilis''. In certain areas of the lake, floating [[Yellow water-lily]] (''Nuphar lutea'') are recorded. ===Nearby Special Areas of Conservation and proposed Natural Heritage Areas=== As can be seen from the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS) designated sites map, other designated SAC sites nearby include [[Urlaur Lough]] (NPWS site code 001571), [[Derrinea bog]] (NPWS site code 000604), Carrowbehy/Caher Bog (NPWS site code 000597), [[Drumalough Bog]] (NPWS site code 002338), and the [[River Moy]] SAC (NPWS site code 002298). This concentration of designated SACs in the area indicates that this location is ecologically very valuable.<ref name=pNHA>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Designations Viewer |url= https://dahg.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=8f7060450de3485fa1c1085536d477ba&marker=553627.7066031246%2C785548.4022885882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20Lough%22%2C%22x%22%3A553627.7066031246%2C%22y%22%3A785548.4022885882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8| access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dahg.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> The Errit Lough site has been included as a proposed Natural Heritage Area (or pNHA) by the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS). Other nearby pNHA sites include [[Urlaur Lough]], [[Carrowbehy/Caher Bog]], [[Derrinea Bog]], Mannin And Island Lakes, Drumalough Bog and Lough Glinn.<ref name=pNHA/> ==Other features== ===Geology=== The area surrounding the lake is a County Geological Site (or CGS). This area comprises the Erris and Cloonagh Loughs Deltas (site code RO012). The deltas are wide, flat-topped ridges of gravel and sand, situated above the nearby bog area. The deltas are considered to be good examples of deglacial, ice-marginal, meltwater-deposited features which frequently form at the edge of glacial lakes. The deltas were deposited at this site during deglaciation after the last Ice Age, at the edge of the northwestward-retreating ice sheet and date from the Quaternary period. These deltas were formed on [[Lower Carboniferous]] limestone bedrock and are made up of limestone clasts, which came from the bedrock around the site. The ice carried them until they were released into a meltwater conduit within the ice. They were then deposited at the margin of the ice sub-aqueously at the point where the river left the ice, flowing in a southeastward direction.<ref name=CGS>{{Cite web |title=County Geological Site Report |url=https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=gsi.geodata.gov.ie/ |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223223/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=CGSMap>{{Cite web |title=Department of the Environment, Climate & Communications Public Data Viewer |url= https://dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ebaf90ff2d554522b438ff313b0c197a&marker=554555.284936843%2C785095.5381372022%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20and%20Cloonagh%20Loughs%20Deltas%22%2C%22x%22%3A554555.284936843%2C%22y%22%3A785095.5381372022%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8 |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/home/index.html }}</ref> ===Archaeology=== The Historic Environment Viewer map of Irish recorded monuments includes a number of historic features at Errit Lough. A number of [[crannóg]]s have been recorded from the lake (site codes RO019-004, RO019-005, RO109-009 and RO019-011). From the recorded monuments records, site code RO019-010 refers to a well (with no evidence that it is a holy well) known as Tober Skeheen, which has a pump-house. Site RO019-006 refers to a circular embanked enclosure with external diameter of approximately 35 metres, which was noted on the 1837 Irish Ordnance Survey maps. It is suggested from these records that this may have been a rath. Site RO019-008 refers to a [[souterrain]] sited on the crest of a low north-south ridge south-west of the lake. The precise location is unknown and the information about it comes from local knowledge. Site RO019-012 to the east of the lake refers to a children’s burial ground. <ref name=Monuments> {{Cite web |title=National Monuments Service Historic Environment Viewer |url= https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&marker=554297.9002624749%2C785021.7120480882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22RO01993%22%2C%22x%22%3A554297.9002624749%2C%22y%22%3A785021.7120480882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=10|access-date=29 May 2024 |website= heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com }}</ref> ===Walking trails=== There is a walking trail around Errit Lough, which is part of the Lough Errit Walking Trail, which includes a range of looped walks of between 4 and 11 km in length. Dogs on leads are allowed but the walks are not buggy-accessible.<ref name=Trail>{{Cite web |title=Lough Errit Walking Trail |url= https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=visitroscommon.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528215655/https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Conservation objectives== The primary conservation objective for the site is to “maintain the favourable conservation condition of Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''. in Errit Lough SAC”.<ref name=Objectives>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Errit Lough Conservation Objectives |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=npws.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdff |url-status= live }}</ref> This includes objectives to maintain the habitat area /extent subject to natural processes, to prevent decline of the habitat distribution, to prevent decline of the lake vegetation composition, zonation and depth, and to maintain the hydrological regime (groundwater flows) in order to support the habitat. The water quality should be maintained with low (oligotrophic) nutrient concentrations, high transparency, high chlorophyll, phytoplankton and algal biomass status.<ref name=Objectives/> --> == Féach freisin * [[ Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/110059 | teideal = Loch Eirid | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 30ú Eanáir 2020 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=IrishStatutebook>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Statutory Instrument S.I. No. 266/2016 - European Union Habitats (Errit Lough Special Area of Conservation 000607) Regulations 2016 | url = https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = irishstatutebook.ie/ | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526214727/https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Synopsis>{{lua idirlín | teideal = NPWS Errit Lough Site Synopsis | url = https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website=npws.ie | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240526220656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=EUNIS>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EUNIS-Errit Lough SAC |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = eunis.eea.europa.eu | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526224336/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=BISE>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Errit Lough Biodiversity Information System for Europe |url= https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | access-date = 29 May 2024 | website = biodiversity.europa.eu/ | archive-date = 29 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240529212438/https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eirid, Loch}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ros Comáin]] == Loch an Scoir== == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] dg8aj19vgc7qgcc7tzmtic9nrz8lie1 1272714 1272713 2025-07-05T08:45:36Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch Eirid */ 1272714 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch Eirid == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Eirid'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite in iarthair {{h|Contae Ros Comáin}}, i n-abhantrach [[An Bhuaile|Na Buaile]]. Is suíomh [Natura 2000]] é an loch, cosainte mar [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] ó Bhealtaine 2016 ar aghaidh, '' under the qualification of a specific habitat type: the presence of ‘[[Hard Water]] Lakes’.{{refn | group=n | '' Alternatively known as ‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.'}}<ref name=IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /><ref name=EUNIS /><ref name=BISE /> == Tíreolaíocht '' Errit Lough is located approximately 10 km south-west of the town of [[Ballaghaderreen]] in County Roscommon. The lake is situated in the upper part of the [[Boyle River (Ireland)|Boyle River]] catchment. The area of Errit Lough included in the SAC designation is located in the townlands of Cloondart, Derreenamackaun, Errit, Gortaganny (Electoral District Artagh South) and Tully (Electoral District Artagh South) in County Roscommon. Schedule 1 of the Statutory Instrument for this site identifies it as encompassing an area of 84.59 ha.<ref name= IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /> [[Íomhá:Lough Errit, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Loch Eirid, '' a hard water lake and SAC]] ==SAC qualification== The Errit Lough site was proposed as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) in 1998.<ref name= EUNIS/> In 2016, the site was designated as a [[Special Area of Conservation]], with site code IE0000607. Statutory Instrument 266 of 2016 established the site as an SAC.<ref name=IrishStatutebook/> The feature which qualifies this site for SAC status is the presence of [[Hard Water]] Lakes – this habitat is also known as ‘‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.’. Under the EU [[Habitats Directive]], this is an Annex I habitat type (code 3140). The Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats defines this habitat as comprising: <blockquote> “Lakes and pools with waters fairly rich in dissolved bases (pH often 6-7) (Pal. 22.12) or with mostly blue to greenish, very clear, waters poor (to moderate) in nutrients, base-rich (pH often >7.5) (Pal. 22.15). The bottom of these unpolluted water bodies are covered with charophyte, ''Chara'' and ''Nitella'', algal carpets. In the Boreal region this habitat type includes small calcareous-rich oligo-mesotrophic gyttja pools with dense ''Chara'' (dominating species is ''Chara strigosa'') carpets, often surrounded by various eutrophic fens and pine bogs.” <ref name="HardWater">{{Cite web |title=EUNIS Habitat type: Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=eunis.eea.europa.eu |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240526230720/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |url-status=live }}</ref></blockquote> [[Hard water]] lakes are typically base-rich, oligotrophic and unpolluted, with clear water. The NPWS publication "Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018" notes that the alkalinity of this lake was 136 mg/l CaCO³ and the euphotic depth (a measure of water clarity: the depth at which photosynthetic available radiation is 1% of its surface value) was 3.3 m. Typically lakes with total phosphorus of less than 0.01 mg/l have euphotic depth of over 5.0 m, but Lough Errit, a high-colour lake (of over 45 Hazen units), has low levels of phosphorus (total phosphorus of approximately 0.01 mg/l) and a low euphotic depth. This document notes four Charophyte species occurring in this lake, with [[charophyte]] cover of 0.52 (52%). It is noted that in Ireland, [[marl]] lakes and cut-over bogs often occur in the same location, an issue for this habitat type is the leaching of coloured water into these lakes, resulting in a high water colour. This may explain the low levels of deeper water vegetation in Errit Lough.<ref name=Marllakes>{{Cite web |title= Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018 |author=Roden, Cilian; Murphy, Paul; Ryan, James |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |access-date=29 May 2024 |website=npws.ie/ |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529220425/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Errit Lough, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Erit Lough, a hard water lake and SAC]] ===Vegetation=== The east side of this marl lake has exposed stony shores. On the west side of the lake are more sheltered areas. Within these more protected bays can be found emergent species such as [[Common Club-rush]] (''Scirpus lacustris'' or ''Schoenoplectus lacustris'') and [[Common Reed]] (Phragmites australis). [[Bottle Sedge]] (''Carex rostrata'') and [[Common Spike-rush]] (''Eleocharis palustris'') also occur on the west side of the site.<ref name= Synopsis/> As part of the designation criteria for the site (Hard Water lake with Chara Spp), there are beds of [[stonewort]] species (''Chara spp'') growing on the lake bed. These species include ''Chara pedunculata'', ''C. rudis'', ''C. desmacantha'' and ''C. fragilis''. In certain areas of the lake, floating [[Yellow water-lily]] (''Nuphar lutea'') are recorded. ===Nearby Special Areas of Conservation and proposed Natural Heritage Areas=== As can be seen from the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS) designated sites map, other designated SAC sites nearby include [[Urlaur Lough]] (NPWS site code 001571), [[Derrinea bog]] (NPWS site code 000604), Carrowbehy/Caher Bog (NPWS site code 000597), [[Drumalough Bog]] (NPWS site code 002338), and the [[River Moy]] SAC (NPWS site code 002298). This concentration of designated SACs in the area indicates that this location is ecologically very valuable.<ref name=pNHA>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Designations Viewer |url= https://dahg.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=8f7060450de3485fa1c1085536d477ba&marker=553627.7066031246%2C785548.4022885882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20Lough%22%2C%22x%22%3A553627.7066031246%2C%22y%22%3A785548.4022885882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8| access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dahg.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> The Errit Lough site has been included as a proposed Natural Heritage Area (or pNHA) by the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS). Other nearby pNHA sites include [[Urlaur Lough]], [[Carrowbehy/Caher Bog]], [[Derrinea Bog]], Mannin And Island Lakes, Drumalough Bog and Lough Glinn.<ref name=pNHA/> <!-- ==Other features== ===Geology=== The area surrounding the lake is a County Geological Site (or CGS). This area comprises the Erris and Cloonagh Loughs Deltas (site code RO012). The deltas are wide, flat-topped ridges of gravel and sand, situated above the nearby bog area. The deltas are considered to be good examples of deglacial, ice-marginal, meltwater-deposited features which frequently form at the edge of glacial lakes. The deltas were deposited at this site during deglaciation after the last Ice Age, at the edge of the northwestward-retreating ice sheet and date from the Quaternary period. These deltas were formed on [[Lower Carboniferous]] limestone bedrock and are made up of limestone clasts, which came from the bedrock around the site. The ice carried them until they were released into a meltwater conduit within the ice. They were then deposited at the margin of the ice sub-aqueously at the point where the river left the ice, flowing in a southeastward direction.<ref name=CGS>{{Cite web |title=County Geological Site Report |url=https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=gsi.geodata.gov.ie/ |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223223/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=CGSMap>{{Cite web |title=Department of the Environment, Climate & Communications Public Data Viewer |url= https://dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ebaf90ff2d554522b438ff313b0c197a&marker=554555.284936843%2C785095.5381372022%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20and%20Cloonagh%20Loughs%20Deltas%22%2C%22x%22%3A554555.284936843%2C%22y%22%3A785095.5381372022%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8 |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/home/index.html }}</ref> ===Archaeology=== The Historic Environment Viewer map of Irish recorded monuments includes a number of historic features at Errit Lough. A number of [[crannóg]]s have been recorded from the lake (site codes RO019-004, RO019-005, RO109-009 and RO019-011). From the recorded monuments records, site code RO019-010 refers to a well (with no evidence that it is a holy well) known as Tober Skeheen, which has a pump-house. Site RO019-006 refers to a circular embanked enclosure with external diameter of approximately 35 metres, which was noted on the 1837 Irish Ordnance Survey maps. It is suggested from these records that this may have been a rath. Site RO019-008 refers to a [[souterrain]] sited on the crest of a low north-south ridge south-west of the lake. The precise location is unknown and the information about it comes from local knowledge. Site RO019-012 to the east of the lake refers to a children’s burial ground. <ref name=Monuments> {{Cite web |title=National Monuments Service Historic Environment Viewer |url= https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&marker=554297.9002624749%2C785021.7120480882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22RO01993%22%2C%22x%22%3A554297.9002624749%2C%22y%22%3A785021.7120480882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=10|access-date=29 May 2024 |website= heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com }}</ref> ===Walking trails=== There is a walking trail around Errit Lough, which is part of the Lough Errit Walking Trail, which includes a range of looped walks of between 4 and 11 km in length. Dogs on leads are allowed but the walks are not buggy-accessible.<ref name=Trail>{{Cite web |title=Lough Errit Walking Trail |url= https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=visitroscommon.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528215655/https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Conservation objectives== The primary conservation objective for the site is to “maintain the favourable conservation condition of Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''. in Errit Lough SAC”.<ref name=Objectives>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Errit Lough Conservation Objectives |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=npws.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdff |url-status= live }}</ref> This includes objectives to maintain the habitat area /extent subject to natural processes, to prevent decline of the habitat distribution, to prevent decline of the lake vegetation composition, zonation and depth, and to maintain the hydrological regime (groundwater flows) in order to support the habitat. The water quality should be maintained with low (oligotrophic) nutrient concentrations, high transparency, high chlorophyll, phytoplankton and algal biomass status.<ref name=Objectives/> --> == Féach freisin * [[ Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/110059 | teideal = Loch Eirid | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 30ú Eanáir 2020 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=IrishStatutebook>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Statutory Instrument S.I. No. 266/2016 - European Union Habitats (Errit Lough Special Area of Conservation 000607) Regulations 2016 | url = https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = irishstatutebook.ie/ | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526214727/https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Synopsis>{{lua idirlín | teideal = NPWS Errit Lough Site Synopsis | url = https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website=npws.ie | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240526220656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=EUNIS>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EUNIS-Errit Lough SAC |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = eunis.eea.europa.eu | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526224336/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=BISE>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Errit Lough Biodiversity Information System for Europe |url= https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | access-date = 29 May 2024 | website = biodiversity.europa.eu/ | archive-date = 29 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240529212438/https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eirid, Loch}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ros Comáin]] == Loch an Scoir== == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] c4hya52j8rwml21iou74mw0ktaizfnl 1272715 1272714 2025-07-05T08:46:08Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272715 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch Eirid == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Eirid'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite in iarthair {{h|Contae Ros Comáin}}, i n-abhantrach [[An Bhuaile|Na Buaile]]. Is suíomh [Natura 2000]] é an loch, cosainte mar [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] ó Bhealtaine 2016 ar aghaidh, '' under the qualification of a specific habitat type: the presence of ‘[[Hard Water]] Lakes’.{{refn | group=n | '' Alternatively known as ‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.'}}<ref name=IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /><ref name=EUNIS /><ref name=BISE /> == Tíreolaíocht '' Errit Lough is located approximately 10 km south-west of the town of [[Ballaghaderreen]] in County Roscommon. The lake is situated in the upper part of the [[Boyle River (Ireland)|Boyle River]] catchment. The area of Errit Lough included in the SAC designation is located in the townlands of Cloondart, Derreenamackaun, Errit, Gortaganny (Electoral District Artagh South) and Tully (Electoral District Artagh South) in County Roscommon. Schedule 1 of the Statutory Instrument for this site identifies it as encompassing an area of 84.59 ha.<ref name= IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /> [[Íomhá:Lough Errit, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Loch Eirid, '' a hard water lake and SAC]] == Loch an Scoir== == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] t4d2yzqfon3jt2qo5dnqujhqf85wj5k 1272717 1272715 2025-07-05T08:48:01Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) */ 1272717 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch Eirid == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Eirid'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite in iarthair {{h|Contae Ros Comáin}}, i n-abhantrach [[An Bhuaile|Na Buaile]]. Is suíomh [Natura 2000]] é an loch, cosainte mar [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] ó Bhealtaine 2016 ar aghaidh, '' under the qualification of a specific habitat type: the presence of ‘[[Hard Water]] Lakes’.{{refn | group=n | '' Alternatively known as ‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.'}}<ref name=IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /><ref name=EUNIS /><ref name=BISE /> == Tíreolaíocht '' Errit Lough is located approximately 10 km south-west of the town of [[Ballaghaderreen]] in County Roscommon. The lake is situated in the upper part of the [[Boyle River (Ireland)|Boyle River]] catchment. The area of Errit Lough included in the SAC designation is located in the townlands of Cloondart, Derreenamackaun, Errit, Gortaganny (Electoral District Artagh South) and Tully (Electoral District Artagh South) in County Roscommon. Schedule 1 of the Statutory Instrument for this site identifies it as encompassing an area of 84.59 ha.<ref name= IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /> [[Íomhá:Lough Errit, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Loch Eirid, '' a hard water lake and SAC]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Statutory history == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] hkzaszt7e6wb5mk67o24l6618g7c6sg 1272718 1272717 2025-07-05T08:48:36Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Iascach Intíre Éireann (Statutory history) */ 1272718 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch Eirid == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Eirid'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite in iarthair {{h|Contae Ros Comáin}}, i n-abhantrach [[An Bhuaile|Na Buaile]]. Is suíomh [Natura 2000]] é an loch, cosainte mar [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] ó Bhealtaine 2016 ar aghaidh, '' under the qualification of a specific habitat type: the presence of ‘[[Hard Water]] Lakes’.{{refn | group=n | '' Alternatively known as ‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.'}}<ref name=IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /><ref name=EUNIS /><ref name=BISE /> == Tíreolaíocht '' Errit Lough is located approximately 10 km south-west of the town of [[Ballaghaderreen]] in County Roscommon. The lake is situated in the upper part of the [[Boyle River (Ireland)|Boyle River]] catchment. The area of Errit Lough included in the SAC designation is located in the townlands of Cloondart, Derreenamackaun, Errit, Gortaganny (Electoral District Artagh South) and Tully (Electoral District Artagh South) in County Roscommon. Schedule 1 of the Statutory Instrument for this site identifies it as encompassing an area of 84.59 ha.<ref name= IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /> [[Íomhá:Lough Errit, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Loch Eirid, '' a hard water lake and SAC]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] n4103b8d1578xka9fxxxz315j1852vq 1272721 1272718 2025-07-05T08:54:14Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272721 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch Eirid == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Eirid'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite in iarthair {{h|Contae Ros Comáin}}, i n-abhantrach [[An Bhuaile|Na Buaile]]. Is suíomh [Natura 2000]] é an loch, cosainte mar [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] ó Bhealtaine 2016 ar aghaidh, '' under the qualification of a specific habitat type: the presence of ‘[[Hard Water]] Lakes’.{{refn | group=n | '' Alternatively known as ‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.'}}<ref name=IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /><ref name=EUNIS /><ref name=BISE /> == Tíreolaíocht '' Errit Lough is located approximately 10 km south-west of the town of [[Ballaghaderreen]] in County Roscommon. The lake is situated in the upper part of the [[Boyle River (Ireland)|Boyle River]] catchment. The area of Errit Lough included in the SAC designation is located in the townlands of Cloondart, Derreenamackaun, Errit, Gortaganny (Electoral District Artagh South) and Tully (Electoral District Artagh South) in County Roscommon. Schedule 1 of the Statutory Instrument for this site identifies it as encompassing an area of 84.59 ha.<ref name= IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /> [[Íomhá:Lough Errit, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Loch Eirid, '' a hard water lake and SAC]] == Geology The area surrounding the lake is a County Geological Site (or CGS). This area comprises the Erris and Cloonagh Loughs Deltas (site code RO012). The deltas are wide, flat-topped ridges of gravel and sand, situated above the nearby bog area. The deltas are considered to be good examples of deglacial, ice-marginal, meltwater-deposited features which frequently form at the edge of glacial lakes. The deltas were deposited at this site during deglaciation after the last Ice Age, at the edge of the northwestward-retreating ice sheet and date from the Quaternary period. These deltas were formed on [[Lower Carboniferous]] limestone bedrock and are made up of limestone clasts, which came from the bedrock around the site. The ice carried them until they were released into a meltwater conduit within the ice. They were then deposited at the margin of the ice sub-aqueously at the point where the river left the ice, flowing in a southeastward direction.<ref name=CGS>{{Cite web |title=County Geological Site Report |url=https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=gsi.geodata.gov.ie/ |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223223/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=CGSMap>{{Cite web |title=Department of the Environment, Climate & Communications Public Data Viewer |url= https://dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ebaf90ff2d554522b438ff313b0c197a&marker=554555.284936843%2C785095.5381372022%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20and%20Cloonagh%20Loughs%20Deltas%22%2C%22x%22%3A554555.284936843%2C%22y%22%3A785095.5381372022%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8 |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/home/index.html }}</ref> == Archaeology The Historic Environment Viewer map of Irish recorded monuments includes a number of historic features at Errit Lough. A number of [[crannóg]]s have been recorded from the lake (site codes RO019-004, RO019-005, RO109-009 and RO019-011). From the recorded monuments records, site code RO019-010 refers to a well (with no evidence that it is a holy well) known as Tober Skeheen, which has a pump-house. Site RO019-006 refers to a circular embanked enclosure with external diameter of approximately 35 metres, which was noted on the 1837 Irish Ordnance Survey maps. It is suggested from these records that this may have been a rath. Site RO019-008 refers to a [[souterrain]] sited on the crest of a low north-south ridge south-west of the lake. The precise location is unknown and the information about it comes from local knowledge. Site RO019-012 to the east of the lake refers to a children’s burial ground. <ref name=Monuments> {{Cite web |title=National Monuments Service Historic Environment Viewer |url= https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&marker=554297.9002624749%2C785021.7120480882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22RO01993%22%2C%22x%22%3A554297.9002624749%2C%22y%22%3A785021.7120480882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=10|access-date=29 May 2024 |website= heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com }}</ref> == Walking trails There is a walking trail around Errit Lough, which is part of the Lough Errit Walking Trail, which includes a range of looped walks of between 4 and 11 km in length. Dogs on leads are allowed but the walks are not buggy-accessible.<ref name=Trail>{{Cite web |title=Lough Errit Walking Trail |url= https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=visitroscommon.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528215655/https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/110059 | teideal = Loch Eirid | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 30ú Eanáir 2020 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=IrishStatutebook>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Statutory Instrument S.I. No. 266/2016 - European Union Habitats (Errit Lough Special Area of Conservation 000607) Regulations 2016 | url = https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = irishstatutebook.ie/ | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526214727/https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Synopsis>{{lua idirlín | teideal = NPWS Errit Lough Site Synopsis | url = https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website=npws.ie | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240526220656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=EUNIS>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EUNIS-Errit Lough SAC |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = eunis.eea.europa.eu | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526224336/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=BISE>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Errit Lough Biodiversity Information System for Europe |url= https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | access-date = 29 May 2024 | website = biodiversity.europa.eu/ | archive-date = 29 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240529212438/https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eirid, Loch}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ros Comáin]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 4sdgpjqeyzc82slgvfivgb4q0jfo61w 1272725 1272721 2025-07-05T09:30:26Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272725 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch Eirid == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Eirid'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite in iarthair {{h|Contae Ros Comáin}}, i n-abhantrach [[An Bhuaile|Na Buaile]]. Is suíomh [Natura 2000]] é an loch, cosainte mar [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] ó Bhealtaine 2016 ar aghaidh, '' under the qualification of a specific habitat type: the presence of ‘[[Hard Water]] Lakes’.{{refn | group=n | '' Alternatively known as ‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.'}}<ref name=IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /><ref name=EUNIS /><ref name=BISE /> == Tíreolaíocht '' Errit Lough is located approximately 10 km south-west of the town of [[Ballaghaderreen]] in County Roscommon. The lake is situated in the upper part of the [[Boyle River (Ireland)|Boyle River]] catchment. The area of Errit Lough included in the SAC designation is located in the townlands of Cloondart, Derreenamackaun, Errit, Gortaganny (Electoral District Artagh South) and Tully (Electoral District Artagh South) in County Roscommon. Schedule 1 of the Statutory Instrument for this site identifies it as encompassing an area of 84.59 ha.<ref name= IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /> [[Íomhá:Lough Errit, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Loch Eirid, loch uisce crua]] == Geology == The area surrounding the lake is a County Geological Site (or CGS). This area comprises the Erris and Cloonagh Loughs Deltas (site code RO012). The deltas are wide, flat-topped ridges of gravel and sand, situated above the nearby bog area. The deltas are considered to be good examples of deglacial, ice-marginal, meltwater-deposited features which frequently form at the edge of glacial lakes. The deltas were deposited at this site during deglaciation after the last Ice Age, at the edge of the northwestward-retreating ice sheet and date from the Quaternary period. These deltas were formed on [[Lower Carboniferous]] limestone bedrock and are made up of limestone clasts, which came from the bedrock around the site. The ice carried them until they were released into a meltwater conduit within the ice. They were then deposited at the margin of the ice sub-aqueously at the point where the river left the ice, flowing in a southeastward direction.<ref name=CGS>{{Cite web |title=County Geological Site Report |url=https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=gsi.geodata.gov.ie/ |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223223/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=CGSMap>{{Cite web |title=Department of the Environment, Climate & Communications Public Data Viewer |url= https://dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ebaf90ff2d554522b438ff313b0c197a&marker=554555.284936843%2C785095.5381372022%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20and%20Cloonagh%20Loughs%20Deltas%22%2C%22x%22%3A554555.284936843%2C%22y%22%3A785095.5381372022%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8 |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/home/index.html }}</ref> == Archaeology The Historic Environment Viewer map of Irish recorded monuments includes a number of historic features at Errit Lough. A number of [[crannóg]]s have been recorded from the lake (site codes RO019-004, RO019-005, RO109-009 and RO019-011). From the recorded monuments records, site code RO019-010 refers to a well (with no evidence that it is a holy well) known as Tober Skeheen, which has a pump-house. Site RO019-006 refers to a circular embanked enclosure with external diameter of approximately 35 metres, which was noted on the 1837 Irish Ordnance Survey maps. It is suggested from these records that this may have been a rath. Site RO019-008 refers to a [[souterrain]] sited on the crest of a low north-south ridge south-west of the lake. The precise location is unknown and the information about it comes from local knowledge. Site RO019-012 to the east of the lake refers to a children’s burial ground. <ref name=Monuments> {{Cite web |title=National Monuments Service Historic Environment Viewer |url= https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&marker=554297.9002624749%2C785021.7120480882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22RO01993%22%2C%22x%22%3A554297.9002624749%2C%22y%22%3A785021.7120480882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=10|access-date=29 May 2024 |website= heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com }}</ref> == Walking trails There is a walking trail around Errit Lough, which is part of the Lough Errit Walking Trail, which includes a range of looped walks of between 4 and 11 km in length. Dogs on leads are allowed but the walks are not buggy-accessible.<ref name=Trail>{{Cite web |title=Lough Errit Walking Trail |url= https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=visitroscommon.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528215655/https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/110059 | teideal = Loch Eirid | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 30ú Eanáir 2020 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=IrishStatutebook>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Statutory Instrument S.I. No. 266/2016 - European Union Habitats (Errit Lough Special Area of Conservation 000607) Regulations 2016 | url = https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = irishstatutebook.ie/ | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526214727/https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Synopsis>{{lua idirlín | teideal = NPWS Errit Lough Site Synopsis | url = https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website=npws.ie | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240526220656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=EUNIS>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EUNIS-Errit Lough SAC |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = eunis.eea.europa.eu | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526224336/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=BISE>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Errit Lough Biodiversity Information System for Europe |url= https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | access-date = 29 May 2024 | website = biodiversity.europa.eu/ | archive-date = 29 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240529212438/https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eirid, Loch}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ros Comáin]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] mb0ptntjdw81lm3p89v8lstc58xb794 1272726 1272725 2025-07-05T09:30:44Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272726 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch Eirid == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Eirid'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite in iarthair {{h|Contae Ros Comáin}}, i n-abhantrach [[An Bhuaile|Na Buaile]]. Is suíomh [Natura 2000]] é an loch, cosainte mar [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] ó Bhealtaine 2016 ar aghaidh, '' under the qualification of a specific habitat type: the presence of ‘[[Hard Water]] Lakes’.{{refn | group=n | '' Alternatively known as ‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.'}}<ref name=IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /><ref name=EUNIS /><ref name=BISE /> == Tíreolaíocht '' Errit Lough is located approximately 10 km south-west of the town of [[Ballaghaderreen]] in County Roscommon. The lake is situated in the upper part of the [[Boyle River (Ireland)|Boyle River]] catchment. The area of Errit Lough included in the SAC designation is located in the townlands of Cloondart, Derreenamackaun, Errit, Gortaganny (Electoral District Artagh South) and Tully (Electoral District Artagh South) in County Roscommon. Schedule 1 of the Statutory Instrument for this site identifies it as encompassing an area of 84.59 ha.<ref name= IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /> [[Íomhá:Lough Errit, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Loch Eirid, loch uisce crua]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] e0ppao8uxvy04sc7heb74hx6y40e2jj 1272729 1272726 2025-07-05T09:54:49Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch Eirid */ 1272729 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch Eirid == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Eirid'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite in iarthair {{h|Contae Ros Comáin}}, i n-abhantrach [[An Bhuaile|Na Buaile]]. Is suíomh [[Natura 2000]] é an loch. Rinneadh [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] dó ó Bhealtaine 2016 ar aghaidh, as ucht a ghnáthóige ‘Lochanna Uisce Crua’.{{refn | group=n | Aitheanta fosta mar ‘Uiscí crua olaga-méiseatrófach le fásra beantach le ''Chara spp''.'}}<ref name=IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /><ref name=EUNIS /><ref name=BISE /> == Tíreolaíocht Tá Loch Eirid {{convert|10|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó dheas de {{h|Bealach an Doirín}}, sna bailte fearainn a leanas: Cluain Dairte, Doirín na mBacán, Eiread Gort an Ghainimh agus An Tulaigh. Tá an loch suite i n-abhantrach uachtaránacht na Buaile. Tá sé lastigh den Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta Loch Eirid, a bhfuil achar 84.59 ha aige.<ref name= IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /> [[Íomhá:Lough Errit, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Loch Eirid, loch uisce crua]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 86ny4cehtjh0o9eyl41n0xfgqewvv2s 1272732 1272729 2025-07-05T09:56:50Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch Eirid */ 1272732 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch Eirid == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Eirid'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite in iarthair {{h|Contae Ros Comáin}}, i n-abhantrach [[An Bhuaile|Na Buaile]]. Is suíomh [[Natura 2000]] é an loch. Rinneadh [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] dó ó Bhealtaine 2016 ar aghaidh, as ucht a ghnáthóige ‘Lochanna Uisce Crua’.{{refn | group=n | Aitheanta fosta mar ‘Uiscí crua olaga-méiseatrófach le fásra beantach le ''Chara spp''.'}}<ref name=IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /><ref name=EUNIS /><ref name=BISE /> == Tíreolaíocht Tá Loch Eirid {{convert|10|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó dheas de {{h|Bealach an Doirín}}, sna bailte fearainn a leanas: Cluain Dairte, Doirín na mBacán, Eiread Gort an Ghainimh agus An Tulaigh. Tá an loch suite i n-abhantrach uachtaránacht na Buaile. Tá sé lastigh den Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta Loch Eirid, a bhfuil achar 84.59 ha aige.<ref name= IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /> [[Íomhá:Lough Errit, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Loch Eirid, loch uisce crua]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/110059 | teideal = Loch Eirid | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 30ú Eanáir 2020 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=IrishStatutebook>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Statutory Instrument S.I. No. 266/2016 - European Union Habitats (Errit Lough Special Area of Conservation 000607) Regulations 2016 | url = https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = irishstatutebook.ie/ | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526214727/https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Synopsis>{{lua idirlín | teideal = NPWS Errit Lough Site Synopsis | url = https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website=npws.ie | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240526220656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=EUNIS>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EUNIS-Errit Lough SAC |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = eunis.eea.europa.eu | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526224336/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=BISE>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Errit Lough Biodiversity Information System for Europe |url= https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | access-date = 29 May 2024 | website = biodiversity.europa.eu/ | archive-date = 29 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240529212438/https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eirid, Loch}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ros Comáin]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] j7yuf7nyunht88vi3e05e6nsm6djv4o 1272733 1272732 2025-07-05T09:57:12Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272733 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] bnzs0ok50igp11omoe8jmwwtzfu247f 1272735 1272733 2025-07-05T11:11:28Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272735 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]] # [[Loch Eirid]] #* [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]] # [[Loch an Scoir]] #* [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] taaml7bcl7z856dj6b7wa7qzz5xyrg2 1272736 1272735 2025-07-05T11:12:12Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272736 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] t9vxguprh4ishi8897cn325hhy3vx04 1272740 1272736 2025-07-05T11:25:24Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272740 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] # [[Locha Chluain Í]] # [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] # [[Loch an Ghleanna]] # [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]] # [[Loch Mám Aodha]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] k4yhi5o6j8id13u25467t28h2ufqejw 1272741 1272740 2025-07-05T11:36:56Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Lochanna */ 1272741 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]<!-- :[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|] :[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--> * Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach] # ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]] # ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]] # ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]] # ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -> [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] == Lochanna == # [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] #* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] # [[Carraig an Phoirt]] #* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]], [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] # [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] #* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]], [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]] # [[Locha Chluain Í]] # [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] # [[Loch Dhoirinse]] # [[Loch an Ghleanna]] # [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]] # [[Loch Mám Aodha]] # [[Loch na Breaclaí]] # ''[[Clea Lake]] # [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]] # [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]] == Loch Charraig an Phoirt == {{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}} ''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} == Tíreolaíocht '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir. It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Éiceolaíocht I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} '' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of "[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]" and "[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]" are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}} === Truailliú Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as "unsatisfactory" with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} '' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} === Crayfish extinction '' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}} ===Rare moss In August 2000 the "{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}" moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}} ===Other wildlife The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} == Naisc sheachtracha * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx | title = Droim Conga }} == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} {{refbegin}} * {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite web |title=Gazetteer of Ireland |volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16 |publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim |location=Hommelvik |edition=Second |year=2011 |first=Per Ivar |last=Haug |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view }} *{{cite report |title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb. |publisher=Plantlife |year=2006 |last=Holyoak |first=David Thomas |url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8 }} *{{cite news |title = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |access-date = 29 January 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/# |archive-date = 2 February 2017 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite report |title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007 |volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government |first1=William |last1=O’Connor |first2=Gerard |last2=Hayes |first3=Ciaran |last3=O'Keeffe |first4=Deirdre |last4=Lynn |year=2007 |url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf }} *{{cite conference |title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat |first=Julian D. |last=Reynolds |editor1=Rees M |editor2=Nightingale J |editor3=Holdich DM |year=2011 |conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment. |pages=120–128 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453 }} *{{cite journal |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free |year=2014 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 }} *{{cite web |title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan |url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 |year=2017 |author=discoverireland.ie }} *{{cite report |title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report |year=2005 |publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement |first1=Conor |last1=Clenaghan |first2=Frank |last2=Clinton |first3=Matthew |last3=Crowe |url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf }} {{refend}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}} [[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] == Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) == == Oidhreacht [[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]] === Stone Age [[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term "roughout" means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}} Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}} indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}} === Bronze Age [[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]] There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The "{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}" is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection. === Iron Age Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]- * Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} * The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}} * The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur. * The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}} * Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}} <!-- ===Aghascur Druid's Altar [[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]] An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked "Dermot and Grania's Bed" on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here. ===Castle O'Connor In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified "castle" at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} ===Castle of Lough Scur [[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur. * "1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}} * "1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}} In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}} ===Castle Sean {{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}} {{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} <gallery class="center"> Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791 Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle & Jail view Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791 </gallery> ===Prison Island On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}} Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage. ===Metalworking tradition A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from "Lougheskure" obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}} * Gilla Gruma O'Flynn. * Charles O'Flynn. * Toole O'Fenane. * Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers. --><!-- ===Book of Lough Scur In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the "Book of Lough Scur", on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} <blockquote style="background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]". [text:<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}</ref> query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.] </blockquote> <blockquote style=" background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;"> "I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin." [21 Oct 1905] [text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria] </blockquote>--> == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = }} == References and notes * {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} * {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }} *{{cite report |title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007 |last=Golden |first=Anne |url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd }} *{{cite book |title=The Book of Irish Families, Great & Small |volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series |first=Michael C. |last=O'Laughlin |others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US) |edition=illustrated, digital |publisher=Irish Roots Cafe |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&pg=PA233 |isbn=978-0940134096 }} *{{cite report |title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses |edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland |author=Inland Fisheries Ireland |year=2014 |url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file }} *{{cite report |title=Leitrim |volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership & Guardianship |author=National Monuments Service |year=2009 |publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5 }} *{{cite report |title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD |author=iRBD |year=2008 |publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG) |volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures |url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf }} *{{cite book |title=Irish names of places |volume=v.3 |publisher=Dublin : Phoenix |last=Joyce |first=P. W. (Patrick Weston) |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600 |last=Rodelez |first=Paul |year=2014 |hdl=10468/1944 }} *{{cite report |title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 |volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1845 |last=MacMahon |first=John |edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University }} *{{cite book |title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 |last=Munro |first=Robert |year=1890 |publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell & company, limited |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409 }} *{{cite book |title=Notes and Queries |last=White |first=William |year=1907 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA429 |volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII |edition=Number 158 }} *{{cite book |title=The antiquities of Ireland |volume=2 |first=Francis |last=Grose |year=1795 |publisher=Printed for S. Hooper |url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349 }} *{{cite thesis |title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland |last=O'Sullivan |first=Aidan |edition=PhD. Thesis |publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth |url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf |year=2004 }} *{{cite journal |title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin |pages=57–82 |last=Dalton |first=John P. |journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal |volume=II |issue=I |year=1923 |publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works |url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&%20III).pdf }} *{{cite thesis |title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. |last=Driscoll |first=Killian |year=2006 |edition=M.Litt. Thesis |url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway }} *{{cite book |title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs |last=Wood-Martin |first=W. G. (William Gregory) |year=1886 |publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis & co.,; [etc., etc.] |url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370 }} *{{cite book |title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland |last1=De Valera |last2=O'Nuallain |first1=Ruaidhri |first2=Sean |url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf |publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office |year=1972 |volume=III }} *{{cite book |title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes |url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6 |last=Callander |first=J. Graham |pages=487–505 |volume=Proceedings of the Society |year=1904 }} *{{cite report |title=Crannogs |last=Fredengren |first=Christina |url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131 |publisher=Stockholm University |year=2013 }} *{{cite book |title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age |author=British Museum |publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M. |location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities |year=1904 |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175 }} *{{cite book |title=The Bronze Age in Ireland |last=Coffey |first=George |year=1913 |publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, & co., limited; [etc., etc. ] |url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25 }} *{{cite book |title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland |first=A. Marshall |last=McCabe |edition=illustrated |publisher=Dunedin |year=2008 |isbn=978-1903765876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ }} *{{cite magazine |title=The food of the Irish, part II |magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255 |publisher=Curry |date=March 1854 |pages=317–333 |first=William |last=Wilde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA332 }} *{{cite report |title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |jstor=20489812 |year=1852 }} *{{cite report |title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT |url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |year=2014 |publisher= |first1=C |last1=O'Drisceoil |first2=M |last2=Leenane |first3=S |last3=Davis |first4=B |last4=Fitzgibbon |first5=M |last5=Teehan |volume=1 of 2 |access-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439 |pages=268–269 |last=Rowley |first=Thomas |year=1937 |location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819 |pages=384–5 |last=Whelan |first=Thomas |year=1938 |location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur |volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209 |url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511 |pages=312 |author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc |year=1938 |location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim |publisher=Duchas |edition=Online }} *{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival |newspaper = Leitrim Observer |url = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |year = 1970 |author = Leitrim Observer |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/ |archive-date = 2017-02-02 }} *{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster |first1=Pádraig |last1=Bambury |first2=Stephen |last2=Beechinor |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html |edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003) |publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt |year=2003 }} *{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction |last=Hazard |first=Benjamin |year=2012 |url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html |publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition }} == Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') == Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}</ref> The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.<ref name="aboutus"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}</ref> The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}</ref> == Lochanna Chill Airne == {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} '' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].<ref name=readersnatural /> == Surroundings '' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].<ref name="readersnatural" /> They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}} '' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys. On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.<ref name=":0" /> == Loch Léin {{príomhalt|Loch Léin}} [[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]] '' Loch Léin<ref name=Lakes />is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.<ref name=park2 /> It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.<ref name=Living /> The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]]. '' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.<ref name="readersnatural" /> On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].<ref name=Brad146 /> [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula. == Muckross Lake {{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}} [[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]] '' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.<ref name=ballantyne /> The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.<ref name="readersnatural" /> It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.<ref name=foran /> A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.<ref name=":0" /> == Upper Lake {{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}} [[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]] '' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost. It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="readersnatural" /> == Béaloideas '' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness. Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],<ref name=landon /> and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].<ref name=anLandon2 /> '' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]]. == Gailearaí [[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]] [[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]] [[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]] [[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]] [[Íomhá:"Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location" (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]] == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha * [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park] * [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&type=AllFields&submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes] * [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }} == Tagairtí {{reflist|refs = <ref name="readersnatural">{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=Lakes>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=park2>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}</ref> <ref name=Living>{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Brad146">p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}</ref> <ref name=ballantyne>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&q=muckross+lake&pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=foran>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}</ref> <ref name=landon>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> <ref name=anLandon2>{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]] 8zra7i3uwkrsf3pczj4fww1xsp04swt 2 119998 1272716 1271986 2025-07-05T08:47:18Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta */ 1272716 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] # [[Natura 2000]] # ''[[:en:Special Protection Area|Special Protection Area]]'' - [[Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta]] # ''[[:en:Birds Directive|Birds Directive]]'' - [[Treoir maidir le hÉin]] # ''[[:en:Habitats Directive|Habitats Directive]]'' - [[Treoir maidir le Gnáthóga]] # ''[[:en:List of Special Pro mótection Areas in the Republic of Ireland|List of Special Protection Areas in the Republic of Ireland]]'' - [[Liosta Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta]] # ''[[:en:Special Area of Conservation|Special Area of Conservation]]'' - [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] # ''[[:en:List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland|List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland]]'' - [[Liosta Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] == Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta == ''' Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta ''' ({{lang-en|Special Protection Area}} (SPA)) is a designation under the [[Treoir maidir le hÉin]] ón [[An tAontas Eorpach|Aontas Eorpach]] (AE). Under the Directive, Member States of the AE have a duty to safeguard the [[habitat (ecology)|habitats]] of [[Bird migration|migratory birds]] and certain particularly threatened birds. Together with [[Special Area of Conservation|special areas of conservation]] (SACs), the SPAs form a network of protected sites across the EU, called [[Natura 2000]]. Each SPA has an EU code – for example the North Norfolk Coast SPA has the code ''UK9009031''.<ref name=EUBirdDir /> == Féach freisin * [[Natura 2000]] == Naisc sheachtracha * Treoir ón gComhairle [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31979L0409:EN:HTML 79/409/EEC] 2a Aibreán 1979 == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EUBirdDir>{{lua idirlín | teideal = The Birds Directive | work = Environment | foilsitheoir = [[An tAontas Eorpach]] | url = http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_en.htm}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta| ]] == Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta == Xxx == Loch Eirid (''SAC qualification'') == ==SAC qualification The Errit Lough site was proposed as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) in 1998.<ref name= EUNIS/> In 2016, the site was designated as a [[Special Area of Conservation]], with site code IE0000607. Statutory Instrument 266 of 2016 established the site as an SAC.<ref name=IrishStatutebook/> The feature which qualifies this site for SAC status is the presence of [[Hard Water]] Lakes – this habitat is also known as ‘‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.’. Under the EU [[Habitats Directive]], this is an Annex I habitat type (code 3140). The Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats defines this habitat as comprising: <blockquote> “Lakes and pools with waters fairly rich in dissolved bases (pH often 6-7) (Pal. 22.12) or with mostly blue to greenish, very clear, waters poor (to moderate) in nutrients, base-rich (pH often >7.5) (Pal. 22.15). The bottom of these unpolluted water bodies are covered with charophyte, ''Chara'' and ''Nitella'', algal carpets. In the Boreal region this habitat type includes small calcareous-rich oligo-mesotrophic gyttja pools with dense ''Chara'' (dominating species is ''Chara strigosa'') carpets, often surrounded by various eutrophic fens and pine bogs.” <ref name="HardWater">{{Cite web |title=EUNIS Habitat type: Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=eunis.eea.europa.eu |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240526230720/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |url-status=live }}</ref></blockquote> [[Hard water]] lakes are typically base-rich, oligotrophic and unpolluted, with clear water. The NPWS publication "Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018" notes that the alkalinity of this lake was 136 mg/l CaCO³ and the euphotic depth (a measure of water clarity: the depth at which photosynthetic available radiation is 1% of its surface value) was 3.3 m. Typically lakes with total phosphorus of less than 0.01 mg/l have euphotic depth of over 5.0 m, but Lough Errit, a high-colour lake (of over 45 Hazen units), has low levels of phosphorus (total phosphorus of approximately 0.01 mg/l) and a low euphotic depth. This document notes four Charophyte species occurring in this lake, with [[charophyte]] cover of 0.52 (52%). It is noted that in Ireland, [[marl]] lakes and cut-over bogs often occur in the same location, an issue for this habitat type is the leaching of coloured water into these lakes, resulting in a high water colour. This may explain the low levels of deeper water vegetation in Errit Lough.<ref name=Marllakes>{{Cite web |title= Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018 |author=Roden, Cilian; Murphy, Paul; Ryan, James |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |access-date=29 May 2024 |website=npws.ie/ |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529220425/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Errit Lough, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Erit Lough, a hard water lake and SAC]] ===Vegetation=== The east side of this marl lake has exposed stony shores. On the west side of the lake are more sheltered areas. Within these more protected bays can be found emergent species such as [[Common Club-rush]] (''Scirpus lacustris'' or ''Schoenoplectus lacustris'') and [[Common Reed]] (Phragmites australis). [[Bottle Sedge]] (''Carex rostrata'') and [[Common Spike-rush]] (''Eleocharis palustris'') also occur on the west side of the site.<ref name= Synopsis/> As part of the designation criteria for the site (Hard Water lake with Chara Spp), there are beds of [[stonewort]] species (''Chara spp'') growing on the lake bed. These species include ''Chara pedunculata'', ''C. rudis'', ''C. desmacantha'' and ''C. fragilis''. In certain areas of the lake, floating [[Yellow water-lily]] (''Nuphar lutea'') are recorded. ===Nearby Special Areas of Conservation and proposed Natural Heritage Areas=== As can be seen from the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS) designated sites map, other designated SAC sites nearby include [[Urlaur Lough]] (NPWS site code 001571), [[Derrinea bog]] (NPWS site code 000604), Carrowbehy/Caher Bog (NPWS site code 000597), [[Drumalough Bog]] (NPWS site code 002338), and the [[River Moy]] SAC (NPWS site code 002298). This concentration of designated SACs in the area indicates that this location is ecologically very valuable.<ref name=pNHA>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Designations Viewer |url= https://dahg.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=8f7060450de3485fa1c1085536d477ba&marker=553627.7066031246%2C785548.4022885882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20Lough%22%2C%22x%22%3A553627.7066031246%2C%22y%22%3A785548.4022885882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8| access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dahg.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> The Errit Lough site has been included as a proposed Natural Heritage Area (or pNHA) by the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS). Other nearby pNHA sites include [[Urlaur Lough]], [[Carrowbehy/Caher Bog]], [[Derrinea Bog]], Mannin And Island Lakes, Drumalough Bog and Lough Glinn.<ref name=pNHA/> <!-- ==Other features== ===Geology=== The area surrounding the lake is a County Geological Site (or CGS). This area comprises the Erris and Cloonagh Loughs Deltas (site code RO012). The deltas are wide, flat-topped ridges of gravel and sand, situated above the nearby bog area. The deltas are considered to be good examples of deglacial, ice-marginal, meltwater-deposited features which frequently form at the edge of glacial lakes. The deltas were deposited at this site during deglaciation after the last Ice Age, at the edge of the northwestward-retreating ice sheet and date from the Quaternary period. These deltas were formed on [[Lower Carboniferous]] limestone bedrock and are made up of limestone clasts, which came from the bedrock around the site. The ice carried them until they were released into a meltwater conduit within the ice. They were then deposited at the margin of the ice sub-aqueously at the point where the river left the ice, flowing in a southeastward direction.<ref name=CGS>{{Cite web |title=County Geological Site Report |url=https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=gsi.geodata.gov.ie/ |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223223/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=CGSMap>{{Cite web |title=Department of the Environment, Climate & Communications Public Data Viewer |url= https://dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ebaf90ff2d554522b438ff313b0c197a&marker=554555.284936843%2C785095.5381372022%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20and%20Cloonagh%20Loughs%20Deltas%22%2C%22x%22%3A554555.284936843%2C%22y%22%3A785095.5381372022%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8 |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/home/index.html }}</ref> ===Archaeology=== The Historic Environment Viewer map of Irish recorded monuments includes a number of historic features at Errit Lough. A number of [[crannóg]]s have been recorded from the lake (site codes RO019-004, RO019-005, RO109-009 and RO019-011). From the recorded monuments records, site code RO019-010 refers to a well (with no evidence that it is a holy well) known as Tober Skeheen, which has a pump-house. Site RO019-006 refers to a circular embanked enclosure with external diameter of approximately 35 metres, which was noted on the 1837 Irish Ordnance Survey maps. It is suggested from these records that this may have been a rath. Site RO019-008 refers to a [[souterrain]] sited on the crest of a low north-south ridge south-west of the lake. The precise location is unknown and the information about it comes from local knowledge. Site RO019-012 to the east of the lake refers to a children’s burial ground. <ref name=Monuments> {{Cite web |title=National Monuments Service Historic Environment Viewer |url= https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&marker=554297.9002624749%2C785021.7120480882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22RO01993%22%2C%22x%22%3A554297.9002624749%2C%22y%22%3A785021.7120480882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=10|access-date=29 May 2024 |website= heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com }}</ref> ===Walking trails=== There is a walking trail around Errit Lough, which is part of the Lough Errit Walking Trail, which includes a range of looped walks of between 4 and 11 km in length. Dogs on leads are allowed but the walks are not buggy-accessible.<ref name=Trail>{{Cite web |title=Lough Errit Walking Trail |url= https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=visitroscommon.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528215655/https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Conservation objectives== The primary conservation objective for the site is to “maintain the favourable conservation condition of Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''. in Errit Lough SAC”.<ref name=Objectives>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Errit Lough Conservation Objectives |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=npws.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdff |url-status= live }}</ref> This includes objectives to maintain the habitat area /extent subject to natural processes, to prevent decline of the habitat distribution, to prevent decline of the lake vegetation composition, zonation and depth, and to maintain the hydrological regime (groundwater flows) in order to support the habitat. The water quality should be maintained with low (oligotrophic) nutrient concentrations, high transparency, high chlorophyll, phytoplankton and algal biomass status.<ref name=Objectives/> --> == Féach freisin * [[ Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/110059 | teideal = Loch Eirid | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 30ú Eanáir 2020 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=IrishStatutebook>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Statutory Instrument S.I. No. 266/2016 - European Union Habitats (Errit Lough Special Area of Conservation 000607) Regulations 2016 | url = https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = irishstatutebook.ie/ | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526214727/https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Synopsis>{{lua idirlín | teideal = NPWS Errit Lough Site Synopsis | url = https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website=npws.ie | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240526220656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=EUNIS>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EUNIS-Errit Lough SAC |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = eunis.eea.europa.eu | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526224336/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=BISE>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Errit Lough Biodiversity Information System for Europe |url= https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | access-date = 29 May 2024 | website = biodiversity.europa.eu/ | archive-date = 29 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240529212438/https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eirid, Loch}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ros Comáin]] omwqrjnvngt9eyfew73hrsz7p3fj4ft 1272719 1272716 2025-07-05T08:53:32Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch Eirid (SAC qualification) */ 1272719 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] # [[Natura 2000]] # ''[[:en:Special Protection Area|Special Protection Area]]'' - [[Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta]] # ''[[:en:Birds Directive|Birds Directive]]'' - [[Treoir maidir le hÉin]] # ''[[:en:Habitats Directive|Habitats Directive]]'' - [[Treoir maidir le Gnáthóga]] # ''[[:en:List of Special Pro mótection Areas in the Republic of Ireland|List of Special Protection Areas in the Republic of Ireland]]'' - [[Liosta Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta]] # ''[[:en:Special Area of Conservation|Special Area of Conservation]]'' - [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] # ''[[:en:List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland|List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland]]'' - [[Liosta Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] == Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta == ''' Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta ''' ({{lang-en|Special Protection Area}} (SPA)) is a designation under the [[Treoir maidir le hÉin]] ón [[An tAontas Eorpach|Aontas Eorpach]] (AE). Under the Directive, Member States of the AE have a duty to safeguard the [[habitat (ecology)|habitats]] of [[Bird migration|migratory birds]] and certain particularly threatened birds. Together with [[Special Area of Conservation|special areas of conservation]] (SACs), the SPAs form a network of protected sites across the EU, called [[Natura 2000]]. Each SPA has an EU code – for example the North Norfolk Coast SPA has the code ''UK9009031''.<ref name=EUBirdDir /> == Féach freisin * [[Natura 2000]] == Naisc sheachtracha * Treoir ón gComhairle [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31979L0409:EN:HTML 79/409/EEC] 2a Aibreán 1979 == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EUBirdDir>{{lua idirlín | teideal = The Birds Directive | work = Environment | foilsitheoir = [[An tAontas Eorpach]] | url = http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_en.htm}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta| ]] == Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta == Xxx == Loch Eirid (''SAC qualification'') == ==SAC qualification The Errit Lough site was proposed as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) in 1998.<ref name= EUNIS/> In 2016, the site was designated as a [[Special Area of Conservation]], with site code IE0000607. Statutory Instrument 266 of 2016 established the site as an SAC.<ref name=IrishStatutebook/> The feature which qualifies this site for SAC status is the presence of [[Hard Water]] Lakes – this habitat is also known as ‘‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.’. Under the EU [[Habitats Directive]], this is an Annex I habitat type (code 3140). The Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats defines this habitat as comprising: <blockquote> “Lakes and pools with waters fairly rich in dissolved bases (pH often 6-7) (Pal. 22.12) or with mostly blue to greenish, very clear, waters poor (to moderate) in nutrients, base-rich (pH often >7.5) (Pal. 22.15). The bottom of these unpolluted water bodies are covered with charophyte, ''Chara'' and ''Nitella'', algal carpets. In the Boreal region this habitat type includes small calcareous-rich oligo-mesotrophic gyttja pools with dense ''Chara'' (dominating species is ''Chara strigosa'') carpets, often surrounded by various eutrophic fens and pine bogs.” <ref name="HardWater">{{Cite web |title=EUNIS Habitat type: Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=eunis.eea.europa.eu |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240526230720/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |url-status=live }}</ref></blockquote> [[Hard water]] lakes are typically base-rich, oligotrophic and unpolluted, with clear water. The NPWS publication "Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018" notes that the alkalinity of this lake was 136 mg/l CaCO³ and the euphotic depth (a measure of water clarity: the depth at which photosynthetic available radiation is 1% of its surface value) was 3.3 m. Typically lakes with total phosphorus of less than 0.01 mg/l have euphotic depth of over 5.0 m, but Lough Errit, a high-colour lake (of over 45 Hazen units), has low levels of phosphorus (total phosphorus of approximately 0.01 mg/l) and a low euphotic depth. This document notes four Charophyte species occurring in this lake, with [[charophyte]] cover of 0.52 (52%). It is noted that in Ireland, [[marl]] lakes and cut-over bogs often occur in the same location, an issue for this habitat type is the leaching of coloured water into these lakes, resulting in a high water colour. This may explain the low levels of deeper water vegetation in Errit Lough.<ref name=Marllakes>{{Cite web |title= Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018 |author=Roden, Cilian; Murphy, Paul; Ryan, James |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |access-date=29 May 2024 |website=npws.ie/ |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529220425/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Errit Lough, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Erit Lough, a hard water lake and SAC]] ===Vegetation=== The east side of this marl lake has exposed stony shores. On the west side of the lake are more sheltered areas. Within these more protected bays can be found emergent species such as [[Common Club-rush]] (''Scirpus lacustris'' or ''Schoenoplectus lacustris'') and [[Common Reed]] (Phragmites australis). [[Bottle Sedge]] (''Carex rostrata'') and [[Common Spike-rush]] (''Eleocharis palustris'') also occur on the west side of the site.<ref name= Synopsis/> As part of the designation criteria for the site (Hard Water lake with Chara Spp), there are beds of [[stonewort]] species (''Chara spp'') growing on the lake bed. These species include ''Chara pedunculata'', ''C. rudis'', ''C. desmacantha'' and ''C. fragilis''. In certain areas of the lake, floating [[Yellow water-lily]] (''Nuphar lutea'') are recorded. ===Nearby Special Areas of Conservation and proposed Natural Heritage Areas=== As can be seen from the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS) designated sites map, other designated SAC sites nearby include [[Urlaur Lough]] (NPWS site code 001571), [[Derrinea bog]] (NPWS site code 000604), Carrowbehy/Caher Bog (NPWS site code 000597), [[Drumalough Bog]] (NPWS site code 002338), and the [[River Moy]] SAC (NPWS site code 002298). This concentration of designated SACs in the area indicates that this location is ecologically very valuable.<ref name=pNHA>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Designations Viewer |url= https://dahg.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=8f7060450de3485fa1c1085536d477ba&marker=553627.7066031246%2C785548.4022885882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20Lough%22%2C%22x%22%3A553627.7066031246%2C%22y%22%3A785548.4022885882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8| access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dahg.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> The Errit Lough site has been included as a proposed Natural Heritage Area (or pNHA) by the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS). Other nearby pNHA sites include [[Urlaur Lough]], [[Carrowbehy/Caher Bog]], [[Derrinea Bog]], Mannin And Island Lakes, Drumalough Bog and Lough Glinn.<ref name=pNHA/> ===Conservation objectives The primary conservation objective for the site is to “maintain the favourable conservation condition of Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''. in Errit Lough SAC”.<ref name=Objectives>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Errit Lough Conservation Objectives |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=npws.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdff |url-status= live }}</ref> This includes objectives to maintain the habitat area /extent subject to natural processes, to prevent decline of the habitat distribution, to prevent decline of the lake vegetation composition, zonation and depth, and to maintain the hydrological regime (groundwater flows) in order to support the habitat. The water quality should be maintained with low (oligotrophic) nutrient concentrations, high transparency, high chlorophyll, phytoplankton and algal biomass status.<ref name=Objectives/> == Geology == The area surrounding the lake is a County Geological Site (or CGS). This area comprises the Erris and Cloonagh Loughs Deltas (site code RO012). The deltas are wide, flat-topped ridges of gravel and sand, situated above the nearby bog area. The deltas are considered to be good examples of deglacial, ice-marginal, meltwater-deposited features which frequently form at the edge of glacial lakes. The deltas were deposited at this site during deglaciation after the last Ice Age, at the edge of the northwestward-retreating ice sheet and date from the Quaternary period. These deltas were formed on [[Lower Carboniferous]] limestone bedrock and are made up of limestone clasts, which came from the bedrock around the site. The ice carried them until they were released into a meltwater conduit within the ice. They were then deposited at the margin of the ice sub-aqueously at the point where the river left the ice, flowing in a southeastward direction.<ref name=CGS>{{Cite web |title=County Geological Site Report |url=https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=gsi.geodata.gov.ie/ |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223223/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=CGSMap>{{Cite web |title=Department of the Environment, Climate & Communications Public Data Viewer |url= https://dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ebaf90ff2d554522b438ff313b0c197a&marker=554555.284936843%2C785095.5381372022%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20and%20Cloonagh%20Loughs%20Deltas%22%2C%22x%22%3A554555.284936843%2C%22y%22%3A785095.5381372022%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8 |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/home/index.html }}</ref> == Archaeology The Historic Environment Viewer map of Irish recorded monuments includes a number of historic features at Errit Lough. A number of [[crannóg]]s have been recorded from the lake (site codes RO019-004, RO019-005, RO109-009 and RO019-011). From the recorded monuments records, site code RO019-010 refers to a well (with no evidence that it is a holy well) known as Tober Skeheen, which has a pump-house. Site RO019-006 refers to a circular embanked enclosure with external diameter of approximately 35 metres, which was noted on the 1837 Irish Ordnance Survey maps. It is suggested from these records that this may have been a rath. Site RO019-008 refers to a [[souterrain]] sited on the crest of a low north-south ridge south-west of the lake. The precise location is unknown and the information about it comes from local knowledge. Site RO019-012 to the east of the lake refers to a children’s burial ground. <ref name=Monuments> {{Cite web |title=National Monuments Service Historic Environment Viewer |url= https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&marker=554297.9002624749%2C785021.7120480882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22RO01993%22%2C%22x%22%3A554297.9002624749%2C%22y%22%3A785021.7120480882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=10|access-date=29 May 2024 |website= heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com }}</ref> == Walking trails There is a walking trail around Errit Lough, which is part of the Lough Errit Walking Trail, which includes a range of looped walks of between 4 and 11 km in length. Dogs on leads are allowed but the walks are not buggy-accessible.<ref name=Trail>{{Cite web |title=Lough Errit Walking Trail |url= https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=visitroscommon.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528215655/https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/110059 | teideal = Loch Eirid | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 30ú Eanáir 2020 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=IrishStatutebook>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Statutory Instrument S.I. No. 266/2016 - European Union Habitats (Errit Lough Special Area of Conservation 000607) Regulations 2016 | url = https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = irishstatutebook.ie/ | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526214727/https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Synopsis>{{lua idirlín | teideal = NPWS Errit Lough Site Synopsis | url = https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website=npws.ie | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240526220656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=EUNIS>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EUNIS-Errit Lough SAC |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = eunis.eea.europa.eu | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526224336/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=BISE>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Errit Lough Biodiversity Information System for Europe |url= https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | access-date = 29 May 2024 | website = biodiversity.europa.eu/ | archive-date = 29 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240529212438/https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eirid, Loch}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ros Comáin]] dtxip8piafdgmy55isaicklep1xlh31 1272720 1272719 2025-07-05T08:53:44Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272720 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] # [[Natura 2000]] # ''[[:en:Special Protection Area|Special Protection Area]]'' - [[Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta]] # ''[[:en:Birds Directive|Birds Directive]]'' - [[Treoir maidir le hÉin]] # ''[[:en:Habitats Directive|Habitats Directive]]'' - [[Treoir maidir le Gnáthóga]] # ''[[:en:List of Special Pro mótection Areas in the Republic of Ireland|List of Special Protection Areas in the Republic of Ireland]]'' - [[Liosta Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta]] # ''[[:en:Special Area of Conservation|Special Area of Conservation]]'' - [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] # ''[[:en:List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland|List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland]]'' - [[Liosta Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] == Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta == ''' Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta ''' ({{lang-en|Special Protection Area}} (SPA)) is a designation under the [[Treoir maidir le hÉin]] ón [[An tAontas Eorpach|Aontas Eorpach]] (AE). Under the Directive, Member States of the AE have a duty to safeguard the [[habitat (ecology)|habitats]] of [[Bird migration|migratory birds]] and certain particularly threatened birds. Together with [[Special Area of Conservation|special areas of conservation]] (SACs), the SPAs form a network of protected sites across the EU, called [[Natura 2000]]. Each SPA has an EU code – for example the North Norfolk Coast SPA has the code ''UK9009031''.<ref name=EUBirdDir /> == Féach freisin * [[Natura 2000]] == Naisc sheachtracha * Treoir ón gComhairle [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31979L0409:EN:HTML 79/409/EEC] 2a Aibreán 1979 == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EUBirdDir>{{lua idirlín | teideal = The Birds Directive | work = Environment | foilsitheoir = [[An tAontas Eorpach]] | url = http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_en.htm}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta| ]] == Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta == Xxx == Loch Eirid (''SAC qualification'') == ==SAC qualification The Errit Lough site was proposed as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) in 1998.<ref name= EUNIS/> In 2016, the site was designated as a [[Special Area of Conservation]], with site code IE0000607. Statutory Instrument 266 of 2016 established the site as an SAC.<ref name=IrishStatutebook/> The feature which qualifies this site for SAC status is the presence of [[Hard Water]] Lakes – this habitat is also known as ‘‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.’. Under the EU [[Habitats Directive]], this is an Annex I habitat type (code 3140). The Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats defines this habitat as comprising: <blockquote> “Lakes and pools with waters fairly rich in dissolved bases (pH often 6-7) (Pal. 22.12) or with mostly blue to greenish, very clear, waters poor (to moderate) in nutrients, base-rich (pH often >7.5) (Pal. 22.15). The bottom of these unpolluted water bodies are covered with charophyte, ''Chara'' and ''Nitella'', algal carpets. In the Boreal region this habitat type includes small calcareous-rich oligo-mesotrophic gyttja pools with dense ''Chara'' (dominating species is ''Chara strigosa'') carpets, often surrounded by various eutrophic fens and pine bogs.” <ref name="HardWater">{{Cite web |title=EUNIS Habitat type: Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=eunis.eea.europa.eu |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240526230720/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |url-status=live }}</ref></blockquote> [[Hard water]] lakes are typically base-rich, oligotrophic and unpolluted, with clear water. The NPWS publication "Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018" notes that the alkalinity of this lake was 136 mg/l CaCO³ and the euphotic depth (a measure of water clarity: the depth at which photosynthetic available radiation is 1% of its surface value) was 3.3 m. Typically lakes with total phosphorus of less than 0.01 mg/l have euphotic depth of over 5.0 m, but Lough Errit, a high-colour lake (of over 45 Hazen units), has low levels of phosphorus (total phosphorus of approximately 0.01 mg/l) and a low euphotic depth. This document notes four Charophyte species occurring in this lake, with [[charophyte]] cover of 0.52 (52%). It is noted that in Ireland, [[marl]] lakes and cut-over bogs often occur in the same location, an issue for this habitat type is the leaching of coloured water into these lakes, resulting in a high water colour. This may explain the low levels of deeper water vegetation in Errit Lough.<ref name=Marllakes>{{Cite web |title= Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018 |author=Roden, Cilian; Murphy, Paul; Ryan, James |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |access-date=29 May 2024 |website=npws.ie/ |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529220425/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Errit Lough, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Erit Lough, a hard water lake and SAC]] ===Vegetation=== The east side of this marl lake has exposed stony shores. On the west side of the lake are more sheltered areas. Within these more protected bays can be found emergent species such as [[Common Club-rush]] (''Scirpus lacustris'' or ''Schoenoplectus lacustris'') and [[Common Reed]] (Phragmites australis). [[Bottle Sedge]] (''Carex rostrata'') and [[Common Spike-rush]] (''Eleocharis palustris'') also occur on the west side of the site.<ref name= Synopsis/> As part of the designation criteria for the site (Hard Water lake with Chara Spp), there are beds of [[stonewort]] species (''Chara spp'') growing on the lake bed. These species include ''Chara pedunculata'', ''C. rudis'', ''C. desmacantha'' and ''C. fragilis''. In certain areas of the lake, floating [[Yellow water-lily]] (''Nuphar lutea'') are recorded. ===Nearby Special Areas of Conservation and proposed Natural Heritage Areas=== As can be seen from the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS) designated sites map, other designated SAC sites nearby include [[Urlaur Lough]] (NPWS site code 001571), [[Derrinea bog]] (NPWS site code 000604), Carrowbehy/Caher Bog (NPWS site code 000597), [[Drumalough Bog]] (NPWS site code 002338), and the [[River Moy]] SAC (NPWS site code 002298). This concentration of designated SACs in the area indicates that this location is ecologically very valuable.<ref name=pNHA>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Designations Viewer |url= https://dahg.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=8f7060450de3485fa1c1085536d477ba&marker=553627.7066031246%2C785548.4022885882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20Lough%22%2C%22x%22%3A553627.7066031246%2C%22y%22%3A785548.4022885882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8| access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dahg.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> The Errit Lough site has been included as a proposed Natural Heritage Area (or pNHA) by the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS). Other nearby pNHA sites include [[Urlaur Lough]], [[Carrowbehy/Caher Bog]], [[Derrinea Bog]], Mannin And Island Lakes, Drumalough Bog and Lough Glinn.<ref name=pNHA/> ===Conservation objectives The primary conservation objective for the site is to “maintain the favourable conservation condition of Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''. in Errit Lough SAC”.<ref name=Objectives>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Errit Lough Conservation Objectives |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=npws.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdff |url-status= live }}</ref> This includes objectives to maintain the habitat area /extent subject to natural processes, to prevent decline of the habitat distribution, to prevent decline of the lake vegetation composition, zonation and depth, and to maintain the hydrological regime (groundwater flows) in order to support the habitat. The water quality should be maintained with low (oligotrophic) nutrient concentrations, high transparency, high chlorophyll, phytoplankton and algal biomass status.<ref name=Objectives/> 524rt4l6bcg9ivfyelavxgsabsnjlru 1272727 1272720 2025-07-05T09:31:09Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272727 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] # [[Natura 2000]] # ''[[:en:Special Protection Area|Special Protection Area]]'' - [[Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta]] # ''[[:en:Birds Directive|Birds Directive]]'' - [[Treoir maidir le hÉin]] # ''[[:en:Habitats Directive|Habitats Directive]]'' - [[Treoir maidir le Gnáthóga]] # ''[[:en:List of Special Pro mótection Areas in the Republic of Ireland|List of Special Protection Areas in the Republic of Ireland]]'' - [[Liosta Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta]] # ''[[:en:Special Area of Conservation|Special Area of Conservation]]'' - [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] # ''[[:en:List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland|List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland]]'' - [[Liosta Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] == Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta == ''' Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta ''' ({{lang-en|Special Protection Area}} (SPA)) is a designation under the [[Treoir maidir le hÉin]] ón [[An tAontas Eorpach|Aontas Eorpach]] (AE). Under the Directive, Member States of the AE have a duty to safeguard the [[habitat (ecology)|habitats]] of [[Bird migration|migratory birds]] and certain particularly threatened birds. Together with [[Special Area of Conservation|special areas of conservation]] (SACs), the SPAs form a network of protected sites across the EU, called [[Natura 2000]]. Each SPA has an EU code – for example the North Norfolk Coast SPA has the code ''UK9009031''.<ref name=EUBirdDir /> == Féach freisin * [[Natura 2000]] == Naisc sheachtracha * Treoir ón gComhairle [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31979L0409:EN:HTML 79/409/EEC] 2a Aibreán 1979 == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EUBirdDir>{{lua idirlín | teideal = The Birds Directive | work = Environment | foilsitheoir = [[An tAontas Eorpach]] | url = http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_en.htm}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta| ]] == Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta == Xxx == Loch Eirid (''SAC qualification'') == ==SAC qualification The Errit Lough site was proposed as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) in 1998.<ref name= EUNIS/> In 2016, the site was designated as a [[Special Area of Conservation]], with site code IE0000607. Statutory Instrument 266 of 2016 established the site as an SAC.<ref name=IrishStatutebook/> The feature which qualifies this site for SAC status is the presence of [[Hard Water]] Lakes – this habitat is also known as ‘‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.’. Under the EU [[Habitats Directive]], this is an Annex I habitat type (code 3140). The Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats defines this habitat as comprising: <blockquote> “Lakes and pools with waters fairly rich in dissolved bases (pH often 6-7) (Pal. 22.12) or with mostly blue to greenish, very clear, waters poor (to moderate) in nutrients, base-rich (pH often >7.5) (Pal. 22.15). The bottom of these unpolluted water bodies are covered with charophyte, ''Chara'' and ''Nitella'', algal carpets. In the Boreal region this habitat type includes small calcareous-rich oligo-mesotrophic gyttja pools with dense ''Chara'' (dominating species is ''Chara strigosa'') carpets, often surrounded by various eutrophic fens and pine bogs.” <ref name="HardWater">{{Cite web |title=EUNIS Habitat type: Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=eunis.eea.europa.eu |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240526230720/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |url-status=live }}</ref></blockquote> [[Hard water]] lakes are typically base-rich, oligotrophic and unpolluted, with clear water. The NPWS publication "Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018" notes that the alkalinity of this lake was 136 mg/l CaCO³ and the euphotic depth (a measure of water clarity: the depth at which photosynthetic available radiation is 1% of its surface value) was 3.3 m. Typically lakes with total phosphorus of less than 0.01 mg/l have euphotic depth of over 5.0 m, but Lough Errit, a high-colour lake (of over 45 Hazen units), has low levels of phosphorus (total phosphorus of approximately 0.01 mg/l) and a low euphotic depth. This document notes four Charophyte species occurring in this lake, with [[charophyte]] cover of 0.52 (52%). It is noted that in Ireland, [[marl]] lakes and cut-over bogs often occur in the same location, an issue for this habitat type is the leaching of coloured water into these lakes, resulting in a high water colour. This may explain the low levels of deeper water vegetation in Errit Lough.<ref name=Marllakes>{{Cite web |title= Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018 |author=Roden, Cilian; Murphy, Paul; Ryan, James |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |access-date=29 May 2024 |website=npws.ie/ |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529220425/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Errit Lough, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Erit Lough, a hard water lake and SAC]] ===Vegetation=== The east side of this marl lake has exposed stony shores. On the west side of the lake are more sheltered areas. Within these more protected bays can be found emergent species such as [[Common Club-rush]] (''Scirpus lacustris'' or ''Schoenoplectus lacustris'') and [[Common Reed]] (Phragmites australis). [[Bottle Sedge]] (''Carex rostrata'') and [[Common Spike-rush]] (''Eleocharis palustris'') also occur on the west side of the site.<ref name= Synopsis/> As part of the designation criteria for the site (Hard Water lake with Chara Spp), there are beds of [[stonewort]] species (''Chara spp'') growing on the lake bed. These species include ''Chara pedunculata'', ''C. rudis'', ''C. desmacantha'' and ''C. fragilis''. In certain areas of the lake, floating [[Yellow water-lily]] (''Nuphar lutea'') are recorded. ===Nearby Special Areas of Conservation and proposed Natural Heritage Areas=== As can be seen from the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS) designated sites map, other designated SAC sites nearby include [[Urlaur Lough]] (NPWS site code 001571), [[Derrinea bog]] (NPWS site code 000604), Carrowbehy/Caher Bog (NPWS site code 000597), [[Drumalough Bog]] (NPWS site code 002338), and the [[River Moy]] SAC (NPWS site code 002298). This concentration of designated SACs in the area indicates that this location is ecologically very valuable.<ref name=pNHA>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Designations Viewer |url= https://dahg.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=8f7060450de3485fa1c1085536d477ba&marker=553627.7066031246%2C785548.4022885882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20Lough%22%2C%22x%22%3A553627.7066031246%2C%22y%22%3A785548.4022885882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8| access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dahg.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> The Errit Lough site has been included as a proposed Natural Heritage Area (or pNHA) by the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS). Other nearby pNHA sites include [[Urlaur Lough]], [[Carrowbehy/Caher Bog]], [[Derrinea Bog]], Mannin And Island Lakes, Drumalough Bog and Lough Glinn.<ref name=pNHA/> ===Conservation objectives The primary conservation objective for the site is to “maintain the favourable conservation condition of Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''. in Errit Lough SAC”.<ref name=Objectives>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Errit Lough Conservation Objectives |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=npws.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdff |url-status= live }}</ref> This includes objectives to maintain the habitat area /extent subject to natural processes, to prevent decline of the habitat distribution, to prevent decline of the lake vegetation composition, zonation and depth, and to maintain the hydrological regime (groundwater flows) in order to support the habitat. The water quality should be maintained with low (oligotrophic) nutrient concentrations, high transparency, high chlorophyll, phytoplankton and algal biomass status.<ref name=Objectives/> == Geology The area surrounding the lake is a County Geological Site (or CGS). This area comprises the Erris and Cloonagh Loughs Deltas (site code RO012). The deltas are wide, flat-topped ridges of gravel and sand, situated above the nearby bog area. The deltas are considered to be good examples of deglacial, ice-marginal, meltwater-deposited features which frequently form at the edge of glacial lakes. The deltas were deposited at this site during deglaciation after the last Ice Age, at the edge of the northwestward-retreating ice sheet and date from the Quaternary period. These deltas were formed on [[Lower Carboniferous]] limestone bedrock and are made up of limestone clasts, which came from the bedrock around the site. The ice carried them until they were released into a meltwater conduit within the ice. They were then deposited at the margin of the ice sub-aqueously at the point where the river left the ice, flowing in a southeastward direction.<ref name=CGS>{{Cite web |title=County Geological Site Report |url=https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=gsi.geodata.gov.ie/ |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223223/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=CGSMap>{{Cite web |title=Department of the Environment, Climate & Communications Public Data Viewer |url= https://dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ebaf90ff2d554522b438ff313b0c197a&marker=554555.284936843%2C785095.5381372022%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20and%20Cloonagh%20Loughs%20Deltas%22%2C%22x%22%3A554555.284936843%2C%22y%22%3A785095.5381372022%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8 |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/home/index.html }}</ref> == Archaeology The Historic Environment Viewer map of Irish recorded monuments includes a number of historic features at Errit Lough. A number of [[crannóg]]s have been recorded from the lake (site codes RO019-004, RO019-005, RO109-009 and RO019-011). From the recorded monuments records, site code RO019-010 refers to a well (with no evidence that it is a holy well) known as Tober Skeheen, which has a pump-house. Site RO019-006 refers to a circular embanked enclosure with external diameter of approximately 35 metres, which was noted on the 1837 Irish Ordnance Survey maps. It is suggested from these records that this may have been a rath. Site RO019-008 refers to a [[souterrain]] sited on the crest of a low north-south ridge south-west of the lake. The precise location is unknown and the information about it comes from local knowledge. Site RO019-012 to the east of the lake refers to a children’s burial ground. <ref name=Monuments> {{Cite web |title=National Monuments Service Historic Environment Viewer |url= https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&marker=554297.9002624749%2C785021.7120480882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22RO01993%22%2C%22x%22%3A554297.9002624749%2C%22y%22%3A785021.7120480882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=10|access-date=29 May 2024 |website= heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com }}</ref> == Walking trails There is a walking trail around Errit Lough, which is part of the Lough Errit Walking Trail, which includes a range of looped walks of between 4 and 11 km in length. Dogs on leads are allowed but the walks are not buggy-accessible.<ref name=Trail>{{Cite web |title=Lough Errit Walking Trail |url= https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=visitroscommon.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528215655/https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Féach freisin * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/110059 | teideal = Loch Eirid | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 30ú Eanáir 2020 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=IrishStatutebook>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Statutory Instrument S.I. No. 266/2016 - European Union Habitats (Errit Lough Special Area of Conservation 000607) Regulations 2016 | url = https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = irishstatutebook.ie/ | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526214727/https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Synopsis>{{lua idirlín | teideal = NPWS Errit Lough Site Synopsis | url = https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website=npws.ie | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240526220656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=EUNIS>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EUNIS-Errit Lough SAC |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = eunis.eea.europa.eu | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526224336/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=BISE>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Errit Lough Biodiversity Information System for Europe |url= https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | access-date = 29 May 2024 | website = biodiversity.europa.eu/ | archive-date = 29 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240529212438/https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eirid, Loch}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ros Comáin]] lsybfu82dfgr0rqbzskfba17ty41wlq 1272731 1272727 2025-07-05T09:56:20Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Loch Eirid (SAC qualification) */ 1272731 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOINDEX__ __NOTOC__ [ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ] # [[Natura 2000]] # ''[[:en:Special Protection Area|Special Protection Area]]'' - [[Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta]] # ''[[:en:Birds Directive|Birds Directive]]'' - [[Treoir maidir le hÉin]] # ''[[:en:Habitats Directive|Habitats Directive]]'' - [[Treoir maidir le Gnáthóga]] # ''[[:en:List of Special Pro mótection Areas in the Republic of Ireland|List of Special Protection Areas in the Republic of Ireland]]'' - [[Liosta Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta]] # ''[[:en:Special Area of Conservation|Special Area of Conservation]]'' - [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] # ''[[:en:List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland|List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland]]'' - [[Liosta Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] == Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta == ''' Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta ''' ({{lang-en|Special Protection Area}} (SPA)) is a designation under the [[Treoir maidir le hÉin]] ón [[An tAontas Eorpach|Aontas Eorpach]] (AE). Under the Directive, Member States of the AE have a duty to safeguard the [[habitat (ecology)|habitats]] of [[Bird migration|migratory birds]] and certain particularly threatened birds. Together with [[Special Area of Conservation|special areas of conservation]] (SACs), the SPAs form a network of protected sites across the EU, called [[Natura 2000]]. Each SPA has an EU code – for example the North Norfolk Coast SPA has the code ''UK9009031''.<ref name=EUBirdDir /> == Féach freisin * [[Natura 2000]] == Naisc sheachtracha * Treoir ón gComhairle [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31979L0409:EN:HTML 79/409/EEC] 2a Aibreán 1979 == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EUBirdDir>{{lua idirlín | teideal = The Birds Directive | work = Environment | foilsitheoir = [[An tAontas Eorpach]] | url = http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_en.htm}}</ref> }} [[Catagóir:Limistéar faoi Chosaint Speisialta| ]] == Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta == Xxx == Loch Eirid (''SAC qualification'') == ==SAC qualification The Errit Lough site was proposed as a Site of Community Importance (SCI) in 1998.<ref name= EUNIS/> In 2016, the site was designated as a [[Special Area of Conservation]], with site code IE0000607. Statutory Instrument 266 of 2016 established the site as an SAC.<ref name=IrishStatutebook/> The feature which qualifies this site for SAC status is the presence of [[Hard Water]] Lakes – this habitat is also known as ‘‘Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''.’. Under the EU [[Habitats Directive]], this is an Annex I habitat type (code 3140). The Interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats defines this habitat as comprising: <blockquote> “Lakes and pools with waters fairly rich in dissolved bases (pH often 6-7) (Pal. 22.12) or with mostly blue to greenish, very clear, waters poor (to moderate) in nutrients, base-rich (pH often >7.5) (Pal. 22.15). The bottom of these unpolluted water bodies are covered with charophyte, ''Chara'' and ''Nitella'', algal carpets. In the Boreal region this habitat type includes small calcareous-rich oligo-mesotrophic gyttja pools with dense ''Chara'' (dominating species is ''Chara strigosa'') carpets, often surrounded by various eutrophic fens and pine bogs.” <ref name="HardWater">{{Cite web |title=EUNIS Habitat type: Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |access-date=26 May 2024 |website=eunis.eea.europa.eu |archive-date=26 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240526230720/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/10066 |url-status=live }}</ref></blockquote> [[Hard water]] lakes are typically base-rich, oligotrophic and unpolluted, with clear water. The NPWS publication "Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018" notes that the alkalinity of this lake was 136 mg/l CaCO³ and the euphotic depth (a measure of water clarity: the depth at which photosynthetic available radiation is 1% of its surface value) was 3.3 m. Typically lakes with total phosphorus of less than 0.01 mg/l have euphotic depth of over 5.0 m, but Lough Errit, a high-colour lake (of over 45 Hazen units), has low levels of phosphorus (total phosphorus of approximately 0.01 mg/l) and a low euphotic depth. This document notes four Charophyte species occurring in this lake, with [[charophyte]] cover of 0.52 (52%). It is noted that in Ireland, [[marl]] lakes and cut-over bogs often occur in the same location, an issue for this habitat type is the leaching of coloured water into these lakes, resulting in a high water colour. This may explain the low levels of deeper water vegetation in Errit Lough.<ref name=Marllakes>{{Cite web |title= Benthic vegetation in Irish marl lakes: monitoring habitat 3140 condition 2011 to 2018 |author=Roden, Cilian; Murphy, Paul; Ryan, James |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |access-date=29 May 2024 |website=npws.ie/ |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529220425/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM124.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Errit Lough, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Erit Lough, a hard water lake and SAC]] ===Vegetation=== The east side of this marl lake has exposed stony shores. On the west side of the lake are more sheltered areas. Within these more protected bays can be found emergent species such as [[Common Club-rush]] (''Scirpus lacustris'' or ''Schoenoplectus lacustris'') and [[Common Reed]] (Phragmites australis). [[Bottle Sedge]] (''Carex rostrata'') and [[Common Spike-rush]] (''Eleocharis palustris'') also occur on the west side of the site.<ref name= Synopsis/> As part of the designation criteria for the site (Hard Water lake with Chara Spp), there are beds of [[stonewort]] species (''Chara spp'') growing on the lake bed. These species include ''Chara pedunculata'', ''C. rudis'', ''C. desmacantha'' and ''C. fragilis''. In certain areas of the lake, floating [[Yellow water-lily]] (''Nuphar lutea'') are recorded. ===Nearby Special Areas of Conservation and proposed Natural Heritage Areas=== As can be seen from the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS) designated sites map, other designated SAC sites nearby include [[Urlaur Lough]] (NPWS site code 001571), [[Derrinea bog]] (NPWS site code 000604), Carrowbehy/Caher Bog (NPWS site code 000597), [[Drumalough Bog]] (NPWS site code 002338), and the [[River Moy]] SAC (NPWS site code 002298). This concentration of designated SACs in the area indicates that this location is ecologically very valuable.<ref name=pNHA>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Designations Viewer |url= https://dahg.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=8f7060450de3485fa1c1085536d477ba&marker=553627.7066031246%2C785548.4022885882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20Lough%22%2C%22x%22%3A553627.7066031246%2C%22y%22%3A785548.4022885882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8| access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dahg.maps.arcgis.com}}</ref> The Errit Lough site has been included as a proposed Natural Heritage Area (or pNHA) by the [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)|National Parks and Wildlife Service]] (NPWS). Other nearby pNHA sites include [[Urlaur Lough]], [[Carrowbehy/Caher Bog]], [[Derrinea Bog]], Mannin And Island Lakes, Drumalough Bog and Lough Glinn.<ref name=pNHA/> ===Conservation objectives The primary conservation objective for the site is to “maintain the favourable conservation condition of Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of ''Chara spp''. in Errit Lough SAC”.<ref name=Objectives>{{Cite web |title=NPWS Errit Lough Conservation Objectives |url= https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=npws.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/conservation_objectives/CO000607.pdff |url-status= live }}</ref> This includes objectives to maintain the habitat area /extent subject to natural processes, to prevent decline of the habitat distribution, to prevent decline of the lake vegetation composition, zonation and depth, and to maintain the hydrological regime (groundwater flows) in order to support the habitat. The water quality should be maintained with low (oligotrophic) nutrient concentrations, high transparency, high chlorophyll, phytoplankton and algal biomass status.<ref name=Objectives/> == Geology The area surrounding the lake is a County Geological Site (or CGS). This area comprises the Erris and Cloonagh Loughs Deltas (site code RO012). The deltas are wide, flat-topped ridges of gravel and sand, situated above the nearby bog area. The deltas are considered to be good examples of deglacial, ice-marginal, meltwater-deposited features which frequently form at the edge of glacial lakes. The deltas were deposited at this site during deglaciation after the last Ice Age, at the edge of the northwestward-retreating ice sheet and date from the Quaternary period. These deltas were formed on [[Lower Carboniferous]] limestone bedrock and are made up of limestone clasts, which came from the bedrock around the site. The ice carried them until they were released into a meltwater conduit within the ice. They were then deposited at the margin of the ice sub-aqueously at the point where the river left the ice, flowing in a southeastward direction.<ref name=CGS>{{Cite web |title=County Geological Site Report |url=https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=gsi.geodata.gov.ie/ |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528223223/https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/RO012_Erritt_and_Cloonagh_Lough_Deltas.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=CGSMap>{{Cite web |title=Department of the Environment, Climate & Communications Public Data Viewer |url= https://dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ebaf90ff2d554522b438ff313b0c197a&marker=554555.284936843%2C785095.5381372022%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22Errit%20and%20Cloonagh%20Loughs%20Deltas%22%2C%22x%22%3A554555.284936843%2C%22y%22%3A785095.5381372022%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=8 |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=dcenr.maps.arcgis.com/home/index.html }}</ref> == Archaeology The Historic Environment Viewer map of Irish recorded monuments includes a number of historic features at Errit Lough. A number of [[crannóg]]s have been recorded from the lake (site codes RO019-004, RO019-005, RO109-009 and RO019-011). From the recorded monuments records, site code RO019-010 refers to a well (with no evidence that it is a holy well) known as Tober Skeheen, which has a pump-house. Site RO019-006 refers to a circular embanked enclosure with external diameter of approximately 35 metres, which was noted on the 1837 Irish Ordnance Survey maps. It is suggested from these records that this may have been a rath. Site RO019-008 refers to a [[souterrain]] sited on the crest of a low north-south ridge south-west of the lake. The precise location is unknown and the information about it comes from local knowledge. Site RO019-012 to the east of the lake refers to a children’s burial ground. <ref name=Monuments> {{Cite web |title=National Monuments Service Historic Environment Viewer |url= https://heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=0c9eb9575b544081b0d296436d8f60f8&marker=554297.9002624749%2C785021.7120480882%2C2157%2C%2C%2C&markertemplate=%7B%22title%22%3A%22RO01993%22%2C%22x%22%3A554297.9002624749%2C%22y%22%3A785021.7120480882%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%2C%22isIncludeShareUrl%22%3Atrue%7D&level=10|access-date=29 May 2024 |website= heritagedata.maps.arcgis.com }}</ref> == Walking trails There is a walking trail around Errit Lough, which is part of the Lough Errit Walking Trail, which includes a range of looped walks of between 4 and 11 km in length. Dogs on leads are allowed but the walks are not buggy-accessible.<ref name=Trail>{{Cite web |title=Lough Errit Walking Trail |url= https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |access-date=28 May 2024 |website=visitroscommon.ie |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240528215655/https://www.visitroscommon.ie/lough-errit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Nótaí {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/110059 | teideal = Loch Eirid | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 30ú Eanáir 2020 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=IrishStatutebook>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Statutory Instrument S.I. No. 266/2016 - European Union Habitats (Errit Lough Special Area of Conservation 000607) Regulations 2016 | url = https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = irishstatutebook.ie/ | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526214727/https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Synopsis>{{lua idirlín | teideal = NPWS Errit Lough Site Synopsis | url = https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website=npws.ie | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240526220656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=EUNIS>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EUNIS-Errit Lough SAC |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = eunis.eea.europa.eu | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526224336/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=BISE>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Errit Lough Biodiversity Information System for Europe |url= https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | access-date = 29 May 2024 | website = biodiversity.europa.eu/ | archive-date = 29 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240529212438/https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> }} 3agnuneak9fagwe7zywa7zwcgxtn3z6 0 120016 1272647 1272388 2025-07-04T17:07:21Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 1272647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] méiseatrófach é ''' Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir,'''<ref name=logainm /> i g[[Contae Liatroma]], [[Éire]]. Aitheanta le haghaidh garbhiascaireachta, tá iascaireacht ón mbruach teoranta ag an loch. Tá éiceolaíocht Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir, agus uiscebhealaí contae eile, faoi bhagairt ag líobhógach Afracach, diúilicín riabhach, agus débhlaoscaigh fíoruisce. == Tíreolaíocht == Tá Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir 3 chiliméadar soir ó [[Ceis Charraigín|Cheis Charraigín]] agus 4 chiliméadar siar ón sráidbhaile, [[Fíonach, Contae Liatroma (Carraig Álainn)|Fíonach]] i ndeisceart Chontae Liatroma. Tá cruth claonta cóin ar an loch, achar dromchla de 0.3 ciliméadar cearnach agus doimhneacht go 6 mhéadar.{{sfn|anglingireland}}{{sfn|Haug|2013|pp=37}} Tá achar 0.3 chiliméadar cearnach ag an loch, agus doimhneacht go dtí 6 mhéadar (.<ref name=anglingire /><ref name=Haug2013 /> == Stair an dúlra == I measc na n-iasc atá i Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir tá "hibridí róistí-brain", róistí, péirsí, brain, cúramáin, agus liúis. Is é an tréithchineál dúchasach Éireannach atá i lion na liús, ní an liús Eorpach eile, sé sin na gailléisc. Tá stoic na liús suas le 3.6 kg sa loch. == Lonnaíocht dhaonna== [[Íomhá:Crannog at the eastern end of Castlefore Lough - geograph.org.uk - 1306829.jpg|thumb|Crannóg taobh thoir]] Le linn na tréimhse [[Réamhstair na hÉireann|réamhstairiúla]], shocraigh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí i g[[crannóg]] (b'fhéidir dhá chrannóg) ag ceann thoir an locha.<ref name=Mulvany1852 />{{rp|xliii}}<ref name=Munro1890 /> Is iad na lonnaíochtaí daonna in aice le Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir ná sráidbhailte Ceis Charraigín agus Fíonach, agus na bailte fearainn An Gob Rua siar ó thuaidh, Cill Mhac Searbhaill ó thuaidh, An tEanach Dearg ó dheas, agus Léin an Ois soir ó dheas. == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Naisc sheachtracha == * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/castlefore/ | teideal = Castlefore Electoral Division, Co. Leitrim |work = townlands.ie }} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=anglingire>{{lua idirlín | work = anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | teideal = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Castlefore area | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dátarochtana = 5ú Lúnasa 2015}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1411437.aspx | teideal = Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 28ú Meitheamh 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2013>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysning | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | eagrán = 3ú | bliain = 2013 | ainm = Per Ivar | sloinne = Haug | url = http://www.slideshare.net/peivhau/gazetteer-of-ireland-3rd}}</ref> <ref name=Munro1890>{{cite book | title = The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888 | last = Munro | first = Robert | year = 1890 | publisher = Londain: Cassell & company, limited | url = https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409}}</ref> <!--ref name=Pedreschi2015>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue=3 | pages = 548–560 | doi=10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmcb= 4238397}}</ref--> <ref name=Mulvany1852>{{cite report | title = Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works |first1=W. T. |last1=Mulvany |first2=William |last2=Fraser |first3=Samuel |last3=Roberts |first4=Thomas J. |last4=Mulvany |first5=John |last5=O'Flaherty | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy | volume = 5 | pages = xxxi–lxvi | publisher = Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann | jstor = 20489812 | jstor-access = free | year = 1852}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Baile Choille Foir, Loch}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] 58sqoxqttf5tpop271s2orom41g7eyk 0 120026 1272630 1272605 2025-07-04T15:22:11Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Tíreolaíocht */Ag eagrú 'Tíreolaíocht' 1272630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch beag [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Marbh,'''<ref name=logainm /> suite i g[[Contae Liatroma]].<ref name=Haug2013 /> == Tíreolaíocht == Tá Loch Marbh {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} soir ó thuaidh ó {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}, agus {{convert|500|m|1|abbr=on}} soir ó [[Loch an Scoir]]. Ar gach taobh den loch, tá roinnt [[baile fearainn|bailte fearainn]]: An Gob Rua taobh thoir agus ó dheas, Coill Mhac Searbhaill ó thuaidh, agus Rosaigh taobh thiar.<ref name=townlands /> Tá an loch an-bheag agus éadomhain, le hachar ach {{convert|0.1|km2|2|abbr=on}} aige. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch an Scoir é Loch Marbh, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le [[Loch Eoin]] agus Loch an Scoir trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. == Éiceolaíocht == I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|diúilicín riabhach}} agus speicis ionracha eile.<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Oidhreacht == Aimsíodh [[babhla Cheis Charraigín]] sa chainéal idir between Loch Marbh agus Loch an Scoir sa 19ú haois ( c. 1843-1852). Caomhnaítear inniu é i n[[Ard-Mhúsaem na hÉireann - Seandálaíocht|Ard-Mhúsaem na hÉireann]].<ref name=Mulvany1852 /> Ní fios go cruinn sanasaíocht an locha, ach tá dealramh leis inchreidte go raibh feidhm íobartach págánach ag Loch Marbh, agus gur leagadh am babhla ann mar ofráil deasghnách. Tá tagairt le feiceál i [[Leabar Fidhnacha]] d'inbhear mallaithe gan aithint "ar an mbóthar chuig [[Fíonach, Contae Liatroma (Carraig Álainn)|Fíonach]]", le nóta ar an imeall luaite le Tadhg O'Roddy (''fl.'' 1700):{{sfn|Ó Donnabháin|1828|pp=181}} :'' tar éis sin, níor tugadh iasc ar bith ann; óir ní féidir leo a mhaireachtáil ann == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] ** [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]] ** [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] == Tuilleadh le léamh == * {{cite book | authorlink = John O'Donovan (scoláire) | last = Ó Donnabháin | first = Sean | title = Book of Fenagh, Translation and Copious Notes | url = http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/49_Book-of-Fenagh/49%20Book%20of%20Fenagh.pdf#page=197 | publisher = Maolmhordha Mac Dubhghoill Uí Raghailligh | location = Fenagh, Leitrim, Ireland | year = 1828| access-date = 20 August 2016}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command }}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1411402.aspx | work = logainm.ie | teideal = Loch Marbh }}</ref> <ref name=townlands>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/kiltubbrid/rossy/ | work = townlands.ie | teideal = Rosaigh (baile fearainn), Contae Liatroma}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2013>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysning | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = Third | year = 2013 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = http://www.slideshare.net/peivhau/gazetteer-of-ireland-3rd }}</ref> <ref name=Mulvany1852>{{cite report | title = Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works | first1 = W. T. | last1 = Mulvany | first2 = William | last2 = Fraser | first3 = Samuel | last3 = Roberts | first4 = Thomas J. | last4 = Mulvany | first5 = John | last5 = O'Flaherty | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy | volume = 5 | pages = xxxi–lxvi | publisher = [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]] | jstor = 20489812 | year = 1852}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{citation |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography |publisher=Journal of Biogeography, 41(3), 548–560. |year=2014 |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 |s2cid=13486116 |doi-access=free }}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Marbh, Loch}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] nkbfmo7w6fjpbnu5lt61jejaip7uqza 1272644 1272630 2025-07-04T17:00:48Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Tagairtí */ 1272644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch beag [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Marbh,'''<ref name=logainm /> suite i g[[Contae Liatroma]].<ref name=Haug2013 /> == Tíreolaíocht == Tá Loch Marbh {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} soir ó thuaidh ó {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}, agus {{convert|500|m|1|abbr=on}} soir ó [[Loch an Scoir]]. Ar gach taobh den loch, tá roinnt [[baile fearainn|bailte fearainn]]: An Gob Rua taobh thoir agus ó dheas, Coill Mhac Searbhaill ó thuaidh, agus Rosaigh taobh thiar.<ref name=townlands /> Tá an loch an-bheag agus éadomhain, le hachar ach {{convert|0.1|km2|2|abbr=on}} aige. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch an Scoir é Loch Marbh, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le [[Loch Eoin]] agus Loch an Scoir trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. == Éiceolaíocht == I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|diúilicín riabhach}} agus speicis ionracha eile.<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Oidhreacht == Aimsíodh [[babhla Cheis Charraigín]] sa chainéal idir between Loch Marbh agus Loch an Scoir sa 19ú haois ( c. 1843-1852). Caomhnaítear inniu é i n[[Ard-Mhúsaem na hÉireann - Seandálaíocht|Ard-Mhúsaem na hÉireann]].<ref name=Mulvany1852 /> Ní fios go cruinn sanasaíocht an locha, ach tá dealramh leis inchreidte go raibh feidhm íobartach págánach ag Loch Marbh, agus gur leagadh am babhla ann mar ofráil deasghnách. Tá tagairt le feiceál i [[Leabar Fidhnacha]] d'inbhear mallaithe gan aithint "ar an mbóthar chuig [[Fíonach, Contae Liatroma (Carraig Álainn)|Fíonach]]", le nóta ar an imeall luaite le Tadhg O'Roddy (''fl.'' 1700):{{sfn|Ó Donnabháin|1828|pp=181}} :'' tar éis sin, níor tugadh iasc ar bith ann; óir ní féidir leo a mhaireachtáil ann == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] ** [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]] ** [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] == Tuilleadh le léamh == * {{cite book | authorlink = John O'Donovan (scoláire) | last = Ó Donnabháin | first = Sean | title = Book of Fenagh, Translation and Copious Notes | url = http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/49_Book-of-Fenagh/49%20Book%20of%20Fenagh.pdf#page=197 | publisher = Maolmhordha Mac Dubhghoill Uí Raghailligh | location = Fenagh, Leitrim, Ireland | year = 1828| access-date = 20 August 2016}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1411402.aspx | work = logainm.ie | teideal = Loch Marbh}}</ref> <ref name=townlands>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/kiltubbrid/rossy/ | work = townlands.ie | teideal = Rosaigh (baile fearainn), Contae Liatroma}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2013>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysning | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = Third | year = 2013 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = http://www.slideshare.net/peivhau/gazetteer-of-ireland-3rd}}</ref> <ref name=Mulvany1852>{{cite report | title = Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works | first1 = W. T. | last1 = Mulvany | first2 = William | last2 = Fraser | first3 = Samuel | last3 = Roberts | first4 = Thomas J. | last4 = Mulvany | first5 = John | last5 = O'Flaherty | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy | volume = 5 | pages = xxxi–lxvi | publisher = [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]] | jstor = 20489812 | year = 1852}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{citation |title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland |last1=Pedreschi |first1=D. |last2=Kelly-Quinn |first2=M. |last3=Caffrey |first3=J |last4=O'Grady |first4=M. |last5=Mariani |first5=S. |last6=Phillimore |first6=A. |journal=Journal of Biogeography |publisher=Journal of Biogeography, 41(3), 548–560. |year=2014 |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=548–560 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12220 |pmid=25435649 |pmc=4238397 |s2cid=13486116 |doi-access=free }}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Marbh, Loch}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] 4xl1e8fvuz4uh78f0hb318byawsqpil 1272645 1272644 2025-07-04T17:01:26Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Tagairtí */ 1272645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch beag [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Marbh,'''<ref name=logainm /> suite i g[[Contae Liatroma]].<ref name=Haug2013 /> == Tíreolaíocht == Tá Loch Marbh {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} soir ó thuaidh ó {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}, agus {{convert|500|m|1|abbr=on}} soir ó [[Loch an Scoir]]. Ar gach taobh den loch, tá roinnt [[baile fearainn|bailte fearainn]]: An Gob Rua taobh thoir agus ó dheas, Coill Mhac Searbhaill ó thuaidh, agus Rosaigh taobh thiar.<ref name=townlands /> Tá an loch an-bheag agus éadomhain, le hachar ach {{convert|0.1|km2|2|abbr=on}} aige. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch an Scoir é Loch Marbh, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le [[Loch Eoin]] agus Loch an Scoir trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. == Éiceolaíocht == I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|diúilicín riabhach}} agus speicis ionracha eile.<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Oidhreacht == Aimsíodh [[babhla Cheis Charraigín]] sa chainéal idir between Loch Marbh agus Loch an Scoir sa 19ú haois ( c. 1843-1852). Caomhnaítear inniu é i n[[Ard-Mhúsaem na hÉireann - Seandálaíocht|Ard-Mhúsaem na hÉireann]].<ref name=Mulvany1852 /> Ní fios go cruinn sanasaíocht an locha, ach tá dealramh leis inchreidte go raibh feidhm íobartach págánach ag Loch Marbh, agus gur leagadh am babhla ann mar ofráil deasghnách. Tá tagairt le feiceál i [[Leabar Fidhnacha]] d'inbhear mallaithe gan aithint "ar an mbóthar chuig [[Fíonach, Contae Liatroma (Carraig Álainn)|Fíonach]]", le nóta ar an imeall luaite le Tadhg O'Roddy (''fl.'' 1700):{{sfn|Ó Donnabháin|1828|pp=181}} :'' tar éis sin, níor tugadh iasc ar bith ann; óir ní féidir leo a mhaireachtáil ann == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] ** [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]] ** [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] == Tuilleadh le léamh == * {{cite book | authorlink = John O'Donovan (scoláire) | last = Ó Donnabháin | first = Sean | title = Book of Fenagh, Translation and Copious Notes | url = http://www.askaboutireland.ie/aai-files/assets/ebooks/49_Book-of-Fenagh/49%20Book%20of%20Fenagh.pdf#page=197 | publisher = Maolmhordha Mac Dubhghoill Uí Raghailligh | location = Fenagh, Leitrim, Ireland | year = 1828| access-date = 20 August 2016}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1411402.aspx | work = logainm.ie | teideal = Loch Marbh}}</ref> <ref name=townlands>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/kiltubbrid/rossy/ | work = townlands.ie | teideal = Rosaigh (baile fearainn), Contae Liatroma}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2013>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysning | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = Third | year = 2013 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = http://www.slideshare.net/peivhau/gazetteer-of-ireland-3rd}}</ref> <ref name=Mulvany1852>{{cite report | title = Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works | first1 = W. T. | last1 = Mulvany | first2 = William | last2 = Fraser | first3 = Samuel | last3 = Roberts | first4 = Thomas J. | last4 = Mulvany | first5 = John | last5 = O'Flaherty | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy | volume = 5 | pages = xxxi–lxvi | publisher = [[Acadamh Ríoga na hÉireann]] | jstor = 20489812 | year = 1852}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Marbh, Loch}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] o9d6b8mcr7hph92t5htrsamx7b0ryqg 0 120041 1272625 1272614 2025-07-04T12:10:31Z Eomurchadha 4240 1272625 wikitext text/x-wiki :''Ná bí trína chéile le [[Bob Dylan]]'' {{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta}} Is dísreach [[punc-rac|punc]] [[Sasanach]] é '''Bob Vylan'''. Úsáideann siad ainmneacha stáitse, '''Bobby Vylan''' ([[giotár]] agus amhránaí) agus '''Bobbie Vylan''' ([[drumaí]]), mar b'fhearr leo cloí lena bpríobháideachas. Cuireann siad '''"The Bobs"''' orthu féin. Tugann a gceol Punc-rac agus hip-hap le chéile. Rinneadh cáineadh ar a ndúirt siad ag [[Féile Glastonbury]] 2025 mar rosc siad ''"Death to the IDF"'' (''"bás don [[Fórsaí Cosanta Iosrael|FCI]]"'') ar stáitse, i measc lucht a gcáinte bhí [[Keir Starmer]]. == Stair == Bunaíodh an banna in 2017 in [[Ipswich]]. Bhí a gcéad cheolchoirm coicís ina dhiaidh sin. Sa chéad bhliain, chuir siad ceithre shingil agus dhá EP (''Dread'' agus ''Vylan'') amach ar a lipéad, Ghost Theatre. Ar 7 Lúnasa 2020, chuir siad a gcéad albam, ''We Live Here'', amach. Chuaigh siad ar thuras le [[The Offspring]] agus [[Biffy Clyro]] agus sheinn siad ag an Fhéile Reading agus Leeds. Ar 22 Aibreán 2022, d'eisigh siad a ndara albam, ''Bob Vylan Presents the Price of Life'', agus bhí an t-albam ag uimhir 18 ar an chairt albaim sa [[Ríocht Aontaithe]]. Ar 27 Deireadh Fómhair 2023, d'eisigh an banna dhá shingil óna dtríú albam, ''Humble as the Sun''. Eisíodh an t-albam ar 5 Aibreán 2024. == Dioscliosta == *''Vylan'' (2017) *''Dread'' (2019) *''We Live Here'' (2020) *''Bob Vylan Presents the Price of Life'' (2022) *''Humble as the Sun'' (2024) == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} {{Síolta ceol}} [[Catagóir:Rapcheol]] [[Catagóir:Punc]] [[Catagóir:Grúpaí ceoil bunaithe sa bhliain 2017]] f5gfzs9bb3p136fscteymqki9an8y1t 0 120102 1272649 2025-07-04T17:13:23Z Ériugena 188 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1296692160|Thomas Jefferson and slavery]]" 1272649 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Run_away_from_the_subscriber_-_Thomas_Jefferson.png|mion| Fógra a chuir Jefferson sa ''Virginia Gazette'' sa bhliain 1767, ag tairiscint luaíochta do cibé duine a thabharfadh a sclábhaí éalaithe ar ais.]] Bhí níos mó ná 600 sclábhaí ag [[Thomas Jefferson]], an tríú [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe|uachtarán ar Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]], le linn a shaoil aosaigh. Shaor Jefferson beirt sclábhaithe agus é beo, agus saoradh cúigear eile tar éis a bháis, lena n-áirítear beirt dá chlann óna chaidreamh lena sclábhaí (agus a dheirfiúr chéile) Sally Hemings . Ligeadh dá bheirt pháistí eile le Hemings éalú gan aon tóir orthu. Tar éis a bháis, díoladh an chuid eile de na sclábhaithe chun fiacha a eastáit a íoc. Go príobháideach, ba é ceann de na cúiseanna a bhí ag Jefferson gan níos mó sclábhaithe a shaoradh ná a fhiacha nach beag, agus ba é an chosaint phoiblí a bhí aige, a léiríodh ina leabhar ''Notes on the State of Virginia'', ná an eagla a bhí air go mbeadh corraíl shibhialta idir daoine geala agus iar-sclábhaithe mar thoradh ar sclábhaithe a shaoradh isteach i sochaí Mheiriceá. I rith an ama, labhair Jefferson amach i gcoinne [[Trádáil sclábhaithe an Atlantaigh|thrádáil idirnáisiúnta na sclábhaithe]] agus rinne sé í a eisreachtú le linn dó a bheith ina uachtarán. Mhol sé fuascailt na sclábhaithe, de réir a chéile laistigh de na Stáit Aontaithe agus coilíniú na hAfraice ag Meiriceánaigh Afracacha shaortha.. <ref name="William Cohen 1969 p. 510">{{Luaigh foilseachán|first=William|author=Cohen|title=Thomas Jefferson and the Problem of Slavery|journal=Journal of American History|volume=56|issue=3|year=1969|doi=10.2307/1904203|jstor=1904203|url=https://academic.oup.com/jah/article-abstract/56/3/503/680931}}</ref> Mar sin féin, bhí sé i gcoinne roinnt beart eile chun sclábhaíocht a shrianadh laistigh de na Stáit Aontaithe, agus bhí sé i gcoinne an próiseas trína scaoileann úinéir a sclábhaithe ó dhaoirse go dlíthiúil.. == Blianta tosaigh (1743–1774) == htl2xqoe1us0wpe6198o0olvj21ipr6 1272661 1272649 2025-07-04T19:10:22Z Ériugena 188 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1296692160|Thomas Jefferson and slavery]]" 1272661 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Run_away_from_the_subscriber_-_Thomas_Jefferson.png|mion| Fógra a chuir Jefferson sa ''Virginia Gazette'' sa bhliain 1767, ag tairiscint luaíochta do cibé duine a thabharfadh a sclábhaí éalaithe ar ais.]] Bhí níos mó ná 600 sclábhaí ag [[Thomas Jefferson]], an tríú [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe|uachtarán ar Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]], le linn a shaoil aosaigh. Shaor Jefferson beirt sclábhaithe agus é beo, agus saoradh cúigear eile tar éis a bháis, lena n-áirítear beirt dá chlann óna chaidreamh lena sclábhaí (agus a dheirfiúr chéile) Sally Hemings . Ligeadh dá bheirt pháistí eile le Hemings éalú gan aon tóir orthu. Tar éis a bháis, díoladh an chuid eile de na sclábhaithe chun fiacha a eastáit a íoc. Go príobháideach, ba é ceann de na cúiseanna a bhí ag Jefferson gan níos mó sclábhaithe a shaoradh ná a fhiacha nach beag, agus ba é an chosaint phoiblí a bhí aige, a léiríodh ina leabhar ''Notes on the State of Virginia'', ná an eagla a bhí air go mbeadh corraíl shibhialta idir daoine geala agus iar-sclábhaithe mar thoradh ar sclábhaithe a shaoradh isteach i sochaí Mheiriceá. I rith an ama, labhair Jefferson amach i gcoinne [[Trádáil sclábhaithe an Atlantaigh|thrádáil idirnáisiúnta na sclábhaithe]] agus rinne sé í a eisreachtú le linn dó a bheith ina uachtarán. Mhol sé fuascailt na sclábhaithe, de réir a chéile laistigh de na Stáit Aontaithe agus coilíniú na hAfraice ag Meiriceánaigh Afracacha shaortha.. <ref name="William Cohen 1969 p. 510">{{Luaigh foilseachán|first=William|author=Cohen|title=Thomas Jefferson and the Problem of Slavery|journal=Journal of American History|volume=56|issue=3|year=1969|doi=10.2307/1904203|jstor=1904203|url=https://academic.oup.com/jah/article-abstract/56/3/503/680931}}</ref> Mar sin féin, bhí sé i gcoinne roinnt beart eile chun sclábhaíocht a shrianadh laistigh de na Stáit Aontaithe, agus bhí sé i gcoinne an próiseas trína scaoileann úinéir a sclábhaithe ó dhaoirse go dlíthiúil.. == Blianta tosaigh (n aicme743–1774) == [[Íomhá:Thomas_Jefferson's_Monticello_(cropped).JPG|mion| Monticello, a thosaigh Jefferson ag tógáil sa bhliain 1769 i Shadwell, Virginia an lae inniu]] Rugadh Thomas Jefferson in aicme na bplandálaithe de "slave society", mar a shainmhínigh an staraí Ira Berlin, inarbh í an sclábhaíocht an phríomhbhealach táirgthe saothair. Ba mhac é le Peter Jefferson, sealbhóir sclábhaí agus amhantraí talún mór le rá i Virginia, agus Jane Randolph, gariníon uaisle Shasana agus Albanacha. <ref name="Thomas Jefferson pg. 214">{{Cite book-en|first=Thomas|author=Jefferson|title=[[Notes on the State of Virginia]]|year=2002}}</ref> Sa bhliain 1757, nuair a bhí Jefferson 14 bliana d'aois, fuair a athair bás, agus mar sin fuair sé 5,000 acra talún, 52 sclábhaí, beostoc, leabharlann shuntasach a athar, agus muileann mealdair . Bhí an mhaoin seo faoi smacht a chaomhnóra, John Harvie Sr., ar dtús. <ref name="Woods">{{Cite book-en|author=Woods|first=Edgar|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x002672921&view=1up&seq=239&q1=Belmont|title=Albemarle County in Virginia|date=1901|publisher=The Michie Company|location=Charlottesville, Virginia}}</ref> Ghlac sé smacht iomlán ar na réadmhaoine seo ag aois 21. Sa bhliain 1768, thosaigh Jefferson ag tógáil tí mhóir nua-aoiseach ar a dtugtar Monticello, a raibh radharc aige ar shráidbhaile a iar-theach i Shadwell. <ref name="Thomas Jefferson pg. 214" /> Mar aturnae, rinne Jefferson ionadaíocht ar dhaoine gorma chomh maith le daoine geala. Sa bhliain 1770, chosain sé sclábhaí óg fireann de chine measctha in agra saoirse, ar an mbonn gur ban gheal agus saorchlannda a mháthair. De réir dhlí na coilíneachta, ''partus sequitur ventrem'', gur ghlac an leanbh stádas na máthar, níor cheart go mbeadh an fear ina sclábhaí riamh. Chaill sé an cás. fttwzkebi2oqi10p4shfj6dfjdz89e5 0 120103 1272668 2025-07-04T19:37:59Z USA1855 67669 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1298194020|Ben Shapiro]]" 1272668 wikitext text/x-wiki Is tráchtaire polaitíochta coimeádach Meiriceánach, óstach meáin, agus aturnae é '''Benjamin Aaron Shapiro''' (a rugadh ar an [[15 Eanáir|15 Eanáir]], [[1984]]). Scríobhann sé colúin do Creators Syndicate, ''Newsweek'', agus ''Ami Magazine'', agus tá sé ina eagarthóir emeritus do ''The Daily Wire,'' ar a bunaíodh é le chéile in 2015. Is é óstach an ''Ben Shapiro Show'', podchraoladh polaitiúil laethúil agus clár raidió beo. Bhí sé ina eagarthóir sinsir ar ''Breitbart News'' ó 2012 go dtí gur éirigh sé as sa bhliain 2016. Tá sé tar éis sé cinn déag de leabhair neamhfhicsin a scríobh freisin. [[Catagóir:Dlíodóirí Mheiriceá]] [[Catagóir:Daoine beo]] [[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1984]] scdvmflsjb9ok4cm89o9buwtgc5n4ls 0 120104 1272671 2025-07-04T22:22:05Z TGcoa 21229 Leathanach cruthaithe le '[[Íomhá:Plough_and_Stars_flag.svg|mion|An [[Camchéachta]], an bhratach shóisialach, Arm Cathartha na hÉireann]] Bratach ar leith i stair na troda ar son Phoblacht na hÉireann is ea an '''Camchéachta''',<ref>i mBéarla, ''the bent plough'' nó ''Starry Plough'' nó ''the Big Dipper'' </ref> nó '''Bratach Oibrithe na hÉireann'''. Cúlra glas a bhí ar an mbratach sna 1910idí, agus is dóiche gur dath glas Poblacht na hÉireann atá i gceist, ó aimsir n...' 1272671 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Plough_and_Stars_flag.svg|mion|An [[Camchéachta]], an bhratach shóisialach, Arm Cathartha na hÉireann]] Bratach ar leith i stair na troda ar son Phoblacht na hÉireann is ea an '''Camchéachta''',<ref>i mBéarla, ''the bent plough'' nó ''Starry Plough'' nó ''the Big Dipper'' </ref> nó '''Bratach Oibrithe na hÉireann'''. Cúlra glas a bhí ar an mbratach sna 1910idí, agus is dóiche gur dath glas Poblacht na hÉireann atá i gceist, ó aimsir na nÉireannach Aontaithe i leith.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2025/07/on-talamh-go-dti-na-realta-bratach-oibrithe-na-heireann/|teideal=“Ón talamh go dtí na réalta”, bratach Oibrithe na hÉireann|údar=Diarmuid Breatnach|dáta=2025-07-04|language=ga-IE|foilsitheoir=An Páipéar|dátarochtana=2025-07-04}}</ref> == Stair == Glactar leis gurb é William H. Megahey, múinteoir i gColáiste Ealaíne agus Deartha Bhaile Átha Cliath, a leag amach an dearadh, ach ní fios cé uaidh a tháinig an coincheap. Nochtadh í ag cruinniú d’Arm Cathartha na hÉireann ar an 5 Aibreán 1914. Bhí an Camchéachta ar foluain i [[Sráid Uí Chonaill]], nó Sráid Sackville mar a bhí ag an am, le linn [[Éirí Amach na Cásca|Éirí Amach 1916]]. D’ordaigh Séamas Ó Conghaile an bhratach a chrochadh os cionn fhoirgneamh Clery. Trasna na sráide uaidh sin, ar Ard-Oifig an Phoist, bhí an bhratach thrídhathach agus bratach ''Irish Republic'' ar foluain. Ach bhí siombalachas ar leith i gceist le láthair Clery, nó is ann a bhí an ''Imperial Hotel'' ar le [[William Martin Murphy]] é.<ref>Ba é Murphy ceannaire na bhfostóirí a d’fhógair cogadh ar Cheardchumann Oibrithe Iompair agus Ilsaothair na hÉireann (COIIÉ) agus, tríd sin, ar oibrithe BhÁC in 1913. Ba sa streachailt sin a chruthaigh Ó Lorcáin agus Ó Conghaile Arm Cathartha na hÉireann (ACE) d’fhonn na hoibrithe a chosaint ar ionsaithe Phóilíní Chathair BhÁC.</ref> Agus ba san Imperial Hotel a gabhadh Séamas Ó Lorcáin agus é ag sárú toirmeasc  giúistís. Nuair a ghéill ceannairí an éirithe amach i Sráid an Mhúraigh bhí an Camchéachta fós slán os cionn an Imperial Hotel agus thóg oifigeach de chuid Arm Shasana leis í mar chomhramh. In 1954 dhíol an tioifigeach an bhratach le hIarsmalann Náisiúnta na hÉireann.<ref name=":0" /> == Siombalachas == Leanann dearadh na brataí cruth réaltbhuíne an Bhéir Mhóir, Ursa Major, mar a fheictear dúinne é. Samhlaítear do dhaoine i gcuid den domhain gur cruth béir atá ann agus do dhaoine sna Stáit Aontaithe gur ladair an cruth ar an réalbhuíon, ach camchéachta an cruth a fheictear dúinne in Éirinn. Uirlis oibre is ea an chéachta agus b’shin fáth maith leis an gcruth a roghnú don bhratach. Agus le huirlis talaimh mar réaltbhuíon, tá siombalalachas ann a bhaineann le cás na haicme oibre i gceist, chomh maith lena n-ardaidhm sa todchaí. Is mana é sa dioschúrsa sóisialach gurb é sprioc na n-oibrithe ‘chuile rud ón talamh go dtí na réalta’, agus ar ndóigh, deirtear go ndúirt Séamas Ó Conghaile é freisin. In ionad soc céachta tá claidheamh le feiceáil i ndearadh na brataí agus is dócha gur tagairt é sin don Bhíobla, [[Leabhar Íseáia|Leabhar Iseáia]] 2:4, in a ndeirtear go ndéanfar soic de chlaimhte. Bhí sé ar cheann de spriocanna an na gluaiseachta sóisialaí deireadh a chuir le cogadh, agus cruthaíodh an bhratach seo ag tús an Chéad Chogaidh Dhomhanda.<ref name=":0" /> == Leagan eile == Tá leagan eile den bhratach ann, gan ann ach cruth na réaltbhuíne an Béar Mór, Ursa Major, réalta bána ar chúlra gorm. Baill den Chomhdháil Phoblachtach, a bunaíodh in 1934, a chruthaigh an dearadh seo. Ní fios cén fáth ar ceapadh an dearadh nua seo, ach seans go raibh daoine ag iarraidh imeacht ón náisiúnachas go sóisialachas ann féin. Mhaigh Seán Ó Cathasaigh gur gorm dath an chúlra agus ní haon rún gur cháin an Cathasach Ó Conghaile de bharr a pháirte i réabhlóid náisiúnach. Is é an leagan gorm a fheictí go minic ach tá an leagan bhunaidh le feiceáil ar léirsithe agus ar phicéid chomh maith.<ref name=":0" /> == Féach freisin == * [[Arm Cathartha na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Bratacha]] [[Catagóir:Sóisialachas]] [[Catagóir:Arm Cathartha na hÉireann]] ibgi4ukgkesx8001q0es7yiz2jkf3cp 1272672 1272671 2025-07-04T22:23:00Z TGcoa 21229 Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[Bratach Oibrithe na hÉireann]] go [[Camchéachta (Bratach)]] 1272671 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Plough_and_Stars_flag.svg|mion|An [[Camchéachta]], an bhratach shóisialach, Arm Cathartha na hÉireann]] Bratach ar leith i stair na troda ar son Phoblacht na hÉireann is ea an '''Camchéachta''',<ref>i mBéarla, ''the bent plough'' nó ''Starry Plough'' nó ''the Big Dipper'' </ref> nó '''Bratach Oibrithe na hÉireann'''. Cúlra glas a bhí ar an mbratach sna 1910idí, agus is dóiche gur dath glas Poblacht na hÉireann atá i gceist, ó aimsir na nÉireannach Aontaithe i leith.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2025/07/on-talamh-go-dti-na-realta-bratach-oibrithe-na-heireann/|teideal=“Ón talamh go dtí na réalta”, bratach Oibrithe na hÉireann|údar=Diarmuid Breatnach|dáta=2025-07-04|language=ga-IE|foilsitheoir=An Páipéar|dátarochtana=2025-07-04}}</ref> == Stair == Glactar leis gurb é William H. Megahey, múinteoir i gColáiste Ealaíne agus Deartha Bhaile Átha Cliath, a leag amach an dearadh, ach ní fios cé uaidh a tháinig an coincheap. Nochtadh í ag cruinniú d’Arm Cathartha na hÉireann ar an 5 Aibreán 1914. Bhí an Camchéachta ar foluain i [[Sráid Uí Chonaill]], nó Sráid Sackville mar a bhí ag an am, le linn [[Éirí Amach na Cásca|Éirí Amach 1916]]. D’ordaigh Séamas Ó Conghaile an bhratach a chrochadh os cionn fhoirgneamh Clery. Trasna na sráide uaidh sin, ar Ard-Oifig an Phoist, bhí an bhratach thrídhathach agus bratach ''Irish Republic'' ar foluain. Ach bhí siombalachas ar leith i gceist le láthair Clery, nó is ann a bhí an ''Imperial Hotel'' ar le [[William Martin Murphy]] é.<ref>Ba é Murphy ceannaire na bhfostóirí a d’fhógair cogadh ar Cheardchumann Oibrithe Iompair agus Ilsaothair na hÉireann (COIIÉ) agus, tríd sin, ar oibrithe BhÁC in 1913. Ba sa streachailt sin a chruthaigh Ó Lorcáin agus Ó Conghaile Arm Cathartha na hÉireann (ACE) d’fhonn na hoibrithe a chosaint ar ionsaithe Phóilíní Chathair BhÁC.</ref> Agus ba san Imperial Hotel a gabhadh Séamas Ó Lorcáin agus é ag sárú toirmeasc  giúistís. Nuair a ghéill ceannairí an éirithe amach i Sráid an Mhúraigh bhí an Camchéachta fós slán os cionn an Imperial Hotel agus thóg oifigeach de chuid Arm Shasana leis í mar chomhramh. In 1954 dhíol an tioifigeach an bhratach le hIarsmalann Náisiúnta na hÉireann.<ref name=":0" /> == Siombalachas == Leanann dearadh na brataí cruth réaltbhuíne an Bhéir Mhóir, Ursa Major, mar a fheictear dúinne é. Samhlaítear do dhaoine i gcuid den domhain gur cruth béir atá ann agus do dhaoine sna Stáit Aontaithe gur ladair an cruth ar an réalbhuíon, ach camchéachta an cruth a fheictear dúinne in Éirinn. Uirlis oibre is ea an chéachta agus b’shin fáth maith leis an gcruth a roghnú don bhratach. Agus le huirlis talaimh mar réaltbhuíon, tá siombalalachas ann a bhaineann le cás na haicme oibre i gceist, chomh maith lena n-ardaidhm sa todchaí. Is mana é sa dioschúrsa sóisialach gurb é sprioc na n-oibrithe ‘chuile rud ón talamh go dtí na réalta’, agus ar ndóigh, deirtear go ndúirt Séamas Ó Conghaile é freisin. In ionad soc céachta tá claidheamh le feiceáil i ndearadh na brataí agus is dócha gur tagairt é sin don Bhíobla, [[Leabhar Íseáia|Leabhar Iseáia]] 2:4, in a ndeirtear go ndéanfar soic de chlaimhte. Bhí sé ar cheann de spriocanna an na gluaiseachta sóisialaí deireadh a chuir le cogadh, agus cruthaíodh an bhratach seo ag tús an Chéad Chogaidh Dhomhanda.<ref name=":0" /> == Leagan eile == Tá leagan eile den bhratach ann, gan ann ach cruth na réaltbhuíne an Béar Mór, Ursa Major, réalta bána ar chúlra gorm. Baill den Chomhdháil Phoblachtach, a bunaíodh in 1934, a chruthaigh an dearadh seo. Ní fios cén fáth ar ceapadh an dearadh nua seo, ach seans go raibh daoine ag iarraidh imeacht ón náisiúnachas go sóisialachas ann féin. Mhaigh Seán Ó Cathasaigh gur gorm dath an chúlra agus ní haon rún gur cháin an Cathasach Ó Conghaile de bharr a pháirte i réabhlóid náisiúnach. Is é an leagan gorm a fheictí go minic ach tá an leagan bhunaidh le feiceáil ar léirsithe agus ar phicéid chomh maith.<ref name=":0" /> == Féach freisin == * [[Arm Cathartha na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Bratacha]] [[Catagóir:Sóisialachas]] [[Catagóir:Arm Cathartha na hÉireann]] ibgi4ukgkesx8001q0es7yiz2jkf3cp 1272674 1272672 2025-07-04T22:23:25Z TGcoa 21229 Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[Camchéachta (Bratach)]] go [[Camchéachta (bratach)]] 1272671 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Íomhá:Plough_and_Stars_flag.svg|mion|An [[Camchéachta]], an bhratach shóisialach, Arm Cathartha na hÉireann]] Bratach ar leith i stair na troda ar son Phoblacht na hÉireann is ea an '''Camchéachta''',<ref>i mBéarla, ''the bent plough'' nó ''Starry Plough'' nó ''the Big Dipper'' </ref> nó '''Bratach Oibrithe na hÉireann'''. Cúlra glas a bhí ar an mbratach sna 1910idí, agus is dóiche gur dath glas Poblacht na hÉireann atá i gceist, ó aimsir na nÉireannach Aontaithe i leith.<ref name=":0">{{Lua idirlín|url=https://xn--anpipar-jwa8e.ie/2025/07/on-talamh-go-dti-na-realta-bratach-oibrithe-na-heireann/|teideal=“Ón talamh go dtí na réalta”, bratach Oibrithe na hÉireann|údar=Diarmuid Breatnach|dáta=2025-07-04|language=ga-IE|foilsitheoir=An Páipéar|dátarochtana=2025-07-04}}</ref> == Stair == Glactar leis gurb é William H. Megahey, múinteoir i gColáiste Ealaíne agus Deartha Bhaile Átha Cliath, a leag amach an dearadh, ach ní fios cé uaidh a tháinig an coincheap. Nochtadh í ag cruinniú d’Arm Cathartha na hÉireann ar an 5 Aibreán 1914. Bhí an Camchéachta ar foluain i [[Sráid Uí Chonaill]], nó Sráid Sackville mar a bhí ag an am, le linn [[Éirí Amach na Cásca|Éirí Amach 1916]]. D’ordaigh Séamas Ó Conghaile an bhratach a chrochadh os cionn fhoirgneamh Clery. Trasna na sráide uaidh sin, ar Ard-Oifig an Phoist, bhí an bhratach thrídhathach agus bratach ''Irish Republic'' ar foluain. Ach bhí siombalachas ar leith i gceist le láthair Clery, nó is ann a bhí an ''Imperial Hotel'' ar le [[William Martin Murphy]] é.<ref>Ba é Murphy ceannaire na bhfostóirí a d’fhógair cogadh ar Cheardchumann Oibrithe Iompair agus Ilsaothair na hÉireann (COIIÉ) agus, tríd sin, ar oibrithe BhÁC in 1913. Ba sa streachailt sin a chruthaigh Ó Lorcáin agus Ó Conghaile Arm Cathartha na hÉireann (ACE) d’fhonn na hoibrithe a chosaint ar ionsaithe Phóilíní Chathair BhÁC.</ref> Agus ba san Imperial Hotel a gabhadh Séamas Ó Lorcáin agus é ag sárú toirmeasc  giúistís. Nuair a ghéill ceannairí an éirithe amach i Sráid an Mhúraigh bhí an Camchéachta fós slán os cionn an Imperial Hotel agus thóg oifigeach de chuid Arm Shasana leis í mar chomhramh. In 1954 dhíol an tioifigeach an bhratach le hIarsmalann Náisiúnta na hÉireann.<ref name=":0" /> == Siombalachas == Leanann dearadh na brataí cruth réaltbhuíne an Bhéir Mhóir, Ursa Major, mar a fheictear dúinne é. Samhlaítear do dhaoine i gcuid den domhain gur cruth béir atá ann agus do dhaoine sna Stáit Aontaithe gur ladair an cruth ar an réalbhuíon, ach camchéachta an cruth a fheictear dúinne in Éirinn. Uirlis oibre is ea an chéachta agus b’shin fáth maith leis an gcruth a roghnú don bhratach. Agus le huirlis talaimh mar réaltbhuíon, tá siombalalachas ann a bhaineann le cás na haicme oibre i gceist, chomh maith lena n-ardaidhm sa todchaí. Is mana é sa dioschúrsa sóisialach gurb é sprioc na n-oibrithe ‘chuile rud ón talamh go dtí na réalta’, agus ar ndóigh, deirtear go ndúirt Séamas Ó Conghaile é freisin. In ionad soc céachta tá claidheamh le feiceáil i ndearadh na brataí agus is dócha gur tagairt é sin don Bhíobla, [[Leabhar Íseáia|Leabhar Iseáia]] 2:4, in a ndeirtear go ndéanfar soic de chlaimhte. Bhí sé ar cheann de spriocanna an na gluaiseachta sóisialaí deireadh a chuir le cogadh, agus cruthaíodh an bhratach seo ag tús an Chéad Chogaidh Dhomhanda.<ref name=":0" /> == Leagan eile == Tá leagan eile den bhratach ann, gan ann ach cruth na réaltbhuíne an Béar Mór, Ursa Major, réalta bána ar chúlra gorm. Baill den Chomhdháil Phoblachtach, a bunaíodh in 1934, a chruthaigh an dearadh seo. Ní fios cén fáth ar ceapadh an dearadh nua seo, ach seans go raibh daoine ag iarraidh imeacht ón náisiúnachas go sóisialachas ann féin. Mhaigh Seán Ó Cathasaigh gur gorm dath an chúlra agus ní haon rún gur cháin an Cathasach Ó Conghaile de bharr a pháirte i réabhlóid náisiúnach. Is é an leagan gorm a fheictí go minic ach tá an leagan bhunaidh le feiceáil ar léirsithe agus ar phicéid chomh maith.<ref name=":0" /> == Féach freisin == * [[Arm Cathartha na hÉireann]] == Tagairtí == {{reflist}} [[Catagóir:Bratacha]] [[Catagóir:Sóisialachas]] [[Catagóir:Arm Cathartha na hÉireann]] ibgi4ukgkesx8001q0es7yiz2jkf3cp 0 120105 1272673 2025-07-04T22:23:00Z TGcoa 21229 Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[Bratach Oibrithe na hÉireann]] go [[Camchéachta (Bratach)]] 1272673 wikitext text/x-wiki #athsheoladh [[Camchéachta (Bratach)]] pn3olyu3cfhu7jymoiucu49gn47o7l9 0 120106 1272675 2025-07-04T22:23:25Z TGcoa 21229 Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[Camchéachta (Bratach)]] go [[Camchéachta (bratach)]] 1272675 wikitext text/x-wiki #athsheoladh [[Camchéachta (bratach)]] hvoam1or6flmnuufg5w1rwvrtyhncug 1272676 1272675 2025-07-04T22:25:32Z TGcoa 21229 1272676 wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect[[Camchéachta (bratach)]] brnu9zqaig4a8havr3e8riikq0rm2wd 0 120107 1272680 2025-07-04T23:26:38Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 Cruthaithe ó enwiki, le teacht: Oidhreacht 1272680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir'''<ref name=logainm /> i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scoir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scoir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.<ref name=logainm2 /> Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor /><ref name=logainm2 /> == Tíreolaíocht == [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scoir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scoir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scoir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht == I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scoir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=fishinginireland />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=discoverireland /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=fishinginireland /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha == * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí == {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1411410.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scoir | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=logainm2>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scoir (baile fearainn) | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=fgbScor>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/scor | teideal = score II | foilsitheoir = [[teanglann.ie]] | dátarochtana = 5ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga}}</ref> <ref name=fishinginireland>{{cite web | authorb= Angling Ireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015}}</ref> <ref name=discoverireland>{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan | url = http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 | bliain = 2017 | work = discoverireland.ie}}</ref> <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> <ref name=Minchin2002>{{cite report | title = Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001 | year = 2002 | last1 = Minchin | last2 = Lucy | last3 = Sullivan | url = http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf | publisher = Marine Institute | work = Marine Environment and Health Series | volume = 5}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scoir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] htsje7r4mpzgmwot7yww2nw3qv7dk64 1272682 1272680 2025-07-04T23:29:08Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Tagairtí */Typo 1272682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir'''<ref name=logainm /> i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scoir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scoir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.<ref name=logainm2 /> Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor /><ref name=logainm2 /> == Tíreolaíocht == [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scoir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scoir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scoir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht == I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scoir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=fishinginireland />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=discoverireland /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=fishinginireland /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha == * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | title = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí == {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1411410.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scoir | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=logainm2>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scoir (baile fearainn) | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=fgbScor>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/scor | teideal = scor II | foilsitheoir = [[teanglann.ie]] | dátarochtana = 5ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga}}</ref> <ref name=fishinginireland>{{cite web | authorb= Angling Ireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015}}</ref> <ref name=discoverireland>{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan | url = http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 | bliain = 2017 | work = discoverireland.ie}}</ref> <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> <ref name=Minchin2002>{{cite report | title = Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001 | year = 2002 | last1 = Minchin | last2 = Lucy | last3 = Sullivan | url = http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf | publisher = Marine Institute | work = Marine Environment and Health Series | volume = 5}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scoir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] mgb8yg13zmm7z1n0qd5cj1st3q8neg3 1272683 1272682 2025-07-04T23:30:51Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 /* Naisc sheachtracha */teideal 1272683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch an Scoir'''<ref name=logainm /> i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Liatroma}}, mar chuid den [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]]. Tá fianaise ann go raibh lonnaitheoirí ina gcónaí ar an loch ón ré [[Neoiliteach]] ar aghaidh. I measc gnéithe faoi chosaint, tá [[Loch an Scoir#Caisleáin Seáin|Caisleáin Seáin]], trí {{h|crannóg}} agus an tóchar go dtí Oileán an Roisín. I gcoitinne, tá éiceolaíocht na n-uiscebhealaí i gContae Liatroma faoi bhagairt ó {{h|truailliú}} agus speicis ionracha amhail is [[diúilicín riabhach]], [[débhlaoscach fionnuisce|breallach fionnuisce]] agus [[Lagarosiphon major|tím chathach]].<ref name=Pedreschi2014 /> == Sanasaíocht De réir bréagbhéaloidis den 19ú haois, tá Loch an Scoir ainmnithe as [[Oscar mac Oisín|Oscar]] mac [[Oisín]], agus go raibh a uaigh in ''Aghascur''.<ref name=logainm2 /> Tá go leor bríonna ag an bhfocal úd, scor, .i. capaill, féarach capall nó buíon.<ref name=fgbScor /><ref name=logainm2 /> == Tíreolaíocht == [[Íomhá:Lough Scur, corglass.jpg|thumb|Loch an Scoir, An Chorr Ghlas (ag breathnú ó dheas)]] Tá Loch an Scoir tuairim is {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Ceis Charraigín}}. Tá achar {{convert|1.14|km2|1}} aige.<ref name=Haug2011 />{{rp|54}} Tá an loch domhain le láib bhog nó móin dlúth ag a mbun. Tá an chuid is tanaí gar den bhruach thuaidh, idir Draighnigh agus [[Droim Conga]] i mbaile fearainn {{h|Cill Tiobrad}}. Tá sa loch carraig scoite 4m trasna díreach faoi bhun leibhéal an uisce. D'fhéadfadh a rá gur síneadh ar Loch Marbh é Loch an Scoir, óir go bhfuil an leibhéal céanna acu agus tá cainéal leath-mhíle ar fad eatarthu.<ref name=MacMahon1845 /> Tá an loch nasctha le: * [[Loch Charraig an Phoirt]] trí shruthán {{convert|450|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad a shreabhann to [[Droim Conga]].<ref name=MacMahon1845 />{{rp|23}} * [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] trí shruthán beag ach {{convert|250|m|1|abbr=on}} ar fad * [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]] trí [[Uiscebhealach na Sionainne is na hÉirne]] * [[an tSionainn|an Sionainn]] tríd an Uiscebhealach díreach ó dheas de shráidbhaile [[Liatroim|Liatroma]]. Tá uisceleibhéal an locha faoi rialú [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]], trí dhá {{h|doirtbhealach}}. Tá gnéithe tíre [[moiréan|moiréin]] Rogen le feiceál sa ghleann idir [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] and Loch an Scoir. Tá na mílte droimnín sna hísealchríocha mórthimpeall an locha a bhuí le gluaiseacht mhoiréanacht.<ref name=Moody1976 />{{rp|65}} == Éiceolaíocht == I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Scoir, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]] (54%), róiste féin (22%), [[péirse]] (9%), bran féin (9%, cánóg sciorrach san áireamh), [[liús]] (ní gailliasc<ref name=Pedreschi2014 />) (6%), [[garmachán]] agus [[eascann]].<ref name=fishinginireland />{{rp|20-25}}<ref name=discoverireland /> Rugadh ar liúis mhóra sa loch, ag meá {{convert|10|kg|0|abbr=on}} nó níos mó.<ref name=fishinginireland /> Sa bhliain 2002, tuairiscíodh nach raibh [[zebra mussel]]s ann a loch.<ref name=Minchin2002 />{{rp|10}} Sa bhliain 2005, tugadh rátáil [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|méiseatrófach]] ar cháilíocht an uisce.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|97}}{{refn | group=n | Tá [[Innéacs Staide Trófach|staideanna trófacha]] olagatrófach agus méiseatrófach inmhianaithe, ach cuireann rátálacha eotrófach nó hipeartrófach truailliú in iúl.<ref name=Clenaghan2005 />{{rp|8}}}} == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] * [[Babhla Cheis Charraigín]] * [[Sciath Chill Tiobraid]] == Naisc sheachtracha == * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/gowly/ | teideal = Gowly Townland, Co. Leitrim }} * {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29310.aspx | teideal = Gabhlaigh/Gowly }} * {{lua idirlín | teideal = Loughscur Megalithic Tomb? - County Leitrim | url = http://www.megalithics.com/ireland/lughscur/lougmain.htm | bliain = 2002 }} == Nótaí == {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1411410.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scoir | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=logainm2>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx | teideal = Loch an Scoir (baile fearainn) | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 4ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=fgbScor>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.teanglann.ie/ga/fgb/scor | teideal = scor II | foilsitheoir = [[teanglann.ie]] | dátarochtana = 5ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga}}</ref> <ref name=fishinginireland>{{cite web | authorb= Angling Ireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/loughscur.htm | teideal = Lough Scur | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015}}</ref> <ref name=discoverireland>{{cite web | teideal = Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan | url = http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448 | bliain = 2017 | work = discoverireland.ie}}</ref> <ref name=Clenaghan2005>{{cite report | title = Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report | year = 2005 | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement | first1 = Conor | last1 = Clenaghan | first2 = Frank | last2 = Clinton | first3 = Matthew | last3 = Crowe | url = https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=MacMahon1845>{{cite report | title = Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA22 | volume = 45 | publisher = H.M. Stationery Office | year = 1845 | last = MacMahon | first = John | edition = Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command}}</ref> <ref name=Pedreschi2014>{{cite journal | title = Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland | last1 = Pedreschi | first1 = D. | last2 = Kelly-Quinn | first2 = M. | last3 = Caffrey | first3 = J. | last4 = O'Grady | first4 = M. | last5 = Mariani | first5 = S. | last6 = Phillimore | first6 = A. | journal = Journal of Biogeography | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 548–560 | doi = 10.1111/jbi.12220 | doi-access = free | year = 2014 | pmid = 25435649 | pmc = 4238397}}</ref> <ref name=Haug2011>{{cite book | title = Gazetteer of Ireland, Til Opplysnin | volume = 16 | publisher = UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim | location = Hommelvik | edition = 2a | year = 2011 | first = Per Ivar | last = Haug | url = https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view}}</ref> <ref name=Moody1976>{{cite book | title = A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland | volume = 1 | first = Theodore William | last = Moody | editor = Theodore William Moody | editor2 = Francis X. Martin | editor3 = Francis John Byrne | editor4 = Art Cosgrove | edition = illustrated, reprint | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1976 | isbn = 978-0198217374}}</ref> <ref name=Minchin2002>{{cite report | title = Monitoring of zebra mussels in the Shannon-Boyle navigation, other navigable regions and principal Irish lakes, 2000 & 2001 | year = 2002 | last1 = Minchin | last2 = Lucy | last3 = Sullivan | url = http://oar.marine.ie/bitstream/10793/223/1/No%205%20Marine%20Environment%20and%20Health%20Series.pdf | publisher = Marine Institute | work = Marine Environment and Health Series | volume = 5}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scoir, Loch an}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]] n5iongw5a9yoxohdtazuln6zb4ouote 0 120108 1272692 2025-07-05T00:58:29Z LzerLive 66246 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1279991835|Elbasan alphabet]]" 1272692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Córais Scríbhneoireachta|unicode=U+10500 &ndash; U+1052F<ref>[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11050-n3985-elbasan.pdf Final&nbsp;Accepted&nbsp;Script&nbsp;Proposal]</ref>|Nom=Aibítir Elbasan|Altname=Alfabeti i Elbasanit|Tipus=Aibítir|Període=18ú Aois|direccio_text=Clé go Dheas|Llengües=Albáinis}}{{Contains special characters|special=Elbasan characters|fix=Help:Multilingual support|error=[[Specials (Unicode block)#Replacement character|very small fonts or other symbols]]|characters=the intended characters|image=|link=Specials (Unicode block)#Replacement character|alt=|compact=}} Is [[Aibítir|aibítreach]] ó lár an 18ú haois don [[An Albáinis|teanga Albáinis]] '''í an t-aibítir Elbasan''' a raibh cruthaíodh le haigh ''Lámhscríbhinn Shoiscéil Elbasan'', <ref name="elsie">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Elsie|first=Robert|year=1995|title=The Elbasan Gospel Manuscript (''Anonimi i Elbasanit''), 1761, and the struggle for an original Albanian alphabet|journal=Südost-Forschungen|volume=54|pages=105–159|publisher=Südost-Institut|location=[[Regensburg]]|issn=0081-9077|url=http://elsie.de/pdf/articles/A1995ElbasanMs_Fig.pdf}}</ref> {{Rp|3}}ar a dtugtar freisin ''Anonimi i Elbasanit'' ("An tAinm Gan Ainm Elbasan"), is é an t-aon doiciméad atá scríofa ann é. <ref name="elsie" /> {{Rp|3}}Bhí an doiciméad cruthaíodh ag an t-Eaglais Naomh Jovan Vladimir i lár na hAlbáine, ach anois tá sé caomhnaithe i gCartlann Náisiúnta na hAlbáine i [[Tiorána|dTirana]] . Cosúil leis an lámhscríbhinn, tá an aibítir ainmnithe i ndiaidh an chathair [[Elbasan]], an áit a scríobhadh é, agus cé gur nach bhfuil í an lámhscríbhinn an doiciméad is sine atá scríofa in Albáinis, <ref>{{Cite book-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bSxHgej4tKMC&q=1462|title=Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction|isbn=9781444359688|author=Benjamin w. Fortson|first=IV|date=7 September 2011}}</ref> is é Elbasan an ceann is sine as seacht <ref name="elsie" /> {{Rp|4}}aibítrí a cruthaíodh don Albáinis. <ref name="elsie" /> {{Rp|3}}Tá 59 leathanaigh faoi t-ábhar bíobla sa lámhscríbhinn. <ref name="elsie" /> {{Rp|3}} == Litreacha == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Litir<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/elbasan.htm|title=Elbasan alphabet|website=[[Omniglot]]|access-date=2019-04-15}}</ref> ![[Aibítir Laidineach]] ![[Fuaimniú]] |- |𐔀 |a |{{IPA|[a ɑ ɒ]}} |- |𐔁 |b |{{IPA|[b]}} |- |𐔂 |c |{{IPA|[ts]}} |- |𐔃 |ç, xh |{{IPA|[tʃ]}}, {{IPA|[dʒ]}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3856.pdf|title=Preliminary proposal for encoding the Elbasan script in the SMP of the UCS|last1=Everson|first1=Michael|last2=Elsie|first2=Robert|date=2010-06-23|publisher=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2|access-date=2024-06-25}}</ref> |- |𐔄 |d |{{IPA|[d]}} |- |𐔅 |nd |{{IPA|[nd]}} |- |𐔆 |dh |{{IPA|[ð]}} |- |𐔇 |e |{{IPA|[e ɛ]}}<ref name=":0" /> |- |𐔈 |ë |{{IPA|[ə]}}<ref name=":0" /> |- |𐔉 |f |{{IPA|[f]}} |- |𐔊 |g |{{IPA|[ɡ]}} |- |𐔋 |gj |{{IPA|[ɟ]}} |- |𐔌 |h |{{IPA|[h]}} |- |𐔍 |i |{{IPA|[i]}} |- |𐔎 |j |{{IPA|[j]}} |- |𐔏 |k |{{IPA|[k]}} |- |𐔐 |l |{{IPA|[l]}} |- |𐔑 |ll |{{IPA|[ɫ]}} |- |𐔒 |m |{{IPA|[m]}} |- |𐔓 |n |{{IPA|[n]}} |- |𐔔 |n (roimh g agus gj) |{{IPA|[n]}}<ref name=":0" /> |- |𐔕 |nj |{{IPA|[ɲ]}} |- |𐔖 |o |{{IPA|[o ɔ]}} |- |𐔗 |p |{{IPA|[p]}} |- |𐔘 |q |{{IPA|[c]}} |- |𐔙 |r |{{IPA|[ɾ]}} |- |𐔚 |rr |{{IPA|[r]}} |- |𐔛 |s |{{IPA|[s]}} |- |𐔜 |sh |{{IPA|[ʃ]}} |- |𐔝 |t |{{IPA|[t]}} |- |𐔞 |th |{{IPA|[θ]}} |- |𐔟 |u |{{IPA|[u]}} |- |𐔠 |v |{{IPA|[v]}} |- |𐔡 |x |{{IPA|[dz]}} |- |𐔢 |y |{{IPA|[y]}} |- |𐔣 |z |{{IPA|[z]}} |- |𐔤 |zh |{{IPA|[ʒ]}} |- |𐔥 |''gh'' |{{IPA|[ɣ]}} (t-Aon focail Gréigis) |- |𐔦 |''gh'' |{{IPA|[ɣ]}} (t-Aon focail Gréigis) |- |𐔧 |''kh'' |{{IPA|[x]}} (t-Aon focail Gréigis) |} [[Catagóir:Aibítrí]] 0ytee554yrck62vftl1atj4sap1ygsc 1272693 1272692 2025-07-05T01:00:51Z LzerLive 66246 1272693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Córais Scríbhneoireachta|unicode=U+10500 &ndash; U+1052F<ref>[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11050-n3985-elbasan.pdf Final&nbsp;Accepted&nbsp;Script&nbsp;Proposal]</ref>|Nom=Aibítir Elbasan|Altname=Alfabeti i Elbasanit|Tipus=Aibítir|Període=18ú Aois|direccio_text=Clé go Dheas|Llengües=Albáinis}}{{Contains special characters|special=Elbasan characters|fix=Help:Multilingual support|error=[[Specials (Unicode block)#Replacement character|very small fonts or other symbols]] (Unicode block)#Replacement character|alt=|compact=}} Is [[Aibítir|aibítreach]] ó lár an 18ú haois don [[An Albáinis|teanga Albáinis]] '''í an t-aibítir Elbasan''' a raibh cruthaíodh le haigh ''Lámhscríbhinn Shoiscéil Elbasan'', <ref name="elsie">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Elsie|first=Robert|year=1995|title=The Elbasan Gospel Manuscript (''Anonimi i Elbasanit''), 1761, and the struggle for an original Albanian alphabet|journal=Südost-Forschungen|volume=54|pages=105–159|publisher=Südost-Institut|location=[[Regensburg]]|issn=0081-9077|url=http://elsie.de/pdf/articles/A1995ElbasanMs_Fig.pdf}}</ref> ar a dtugtar freisin ''Anonimi i Elbasanit'' ("An tAinm Gan Ainm Elbasan"), is é an t-aon doiciméad atá scríofa ann é. <ref name="elsie" />Bhí an doiciméad cruthaíodh ag an t-Eaglais Naomh Jovan Vladimir i lár na hAlbáine, ach anois tá sé caomhnaithe i gCartlann Náisiúnta na hAlbáine i [[Tiorána|dTirana]] . Cosúil leis an lámhscríbhinn, tá an aibítir ainmnithe i ndiaidh an chathair [[Elbasan]], an áit a scríobhadh é, agus cé gur nach bhfuil í an lámhscríbhinn an doiciméad is sine atá scríofa in Albáinis, <ref>{{Cite book-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bSxHgej4tKMC&q=1462|title=Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction|isbn=9781444359688|author=Benjamin w. Fortson|first=IV|date=7 September 2011}}</ref> is é Elbasan an ceann is sine as seacht <ref name="elsie" /> aibítrí a cruthaíodh don Albáinis. <ref name="elsie" />Tá 59 leathanaigh faoi t-ábhar bíobla sa lámhscríbhinn. <ref name="elsie" /> == Litreacha == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Litir<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/elbasan.htm|title=Elbasan alphabet|website=[[Omniglot]]|access-date=2019-04-15}}</ref> ![[Aibítir Laidineach]] ![[Fuaimniú]] |- |𐔀 |a |{{IPA|[a ɑ ɒ]}} |- |𐔁 |b |{{IPA|[b]}} |- |𐔂 |c |{{IPA|[ts]}} |- |𐔃 |ç, xh |{{IPA|[tʃ]}}, {{IPA|[dʒ]}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3856.pdf|title=Preliminary proposal for encoding the Elbasan script in the SMP of the UCS|last1=Everson|first1=Michael|last2=Elsie|first2=Robert|date=2010-06-23|publisher=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2|access-date=2024-06-25}}</ref> |- |𐔄 |d |{{IPA|[d]}} |- |𐔅 |nd |{{IPA|[nd]}} |- |𐔆 |dh |{{IPA|[ð]}} |- |𐔇 |e |{{IPA|[e ɛ]}}<ref name=":0" /> |- |𐔈 |ë |{{IPA|[ə]}}<ref name=":0" /> |- |𐔉 |f |{{IPA|[f]}} |- |𐔊 |g |{{IPA|[ɡ]}} |- |𐔋 |gj |{{IPA|[ɟ]}} |- |𐔌 |h |{{IPA|[h]}} |- |𐔍 |i |{{IPA|[i]}} |- |𐔎 |j |{{IPA|[j]}} |- |𐔏 |k |{{IPA|[k]}} |- |𐔐 |l |{{IPA|[l]}} |- |𐔑 |ll |{{IPA|[ɫ]}} |- |𐔒 |m |{{IPA|[m]}} |- |𐔓 |n |{{IPA|[n]}} |- |𐔔 |n (roimh g agus gj) |{{IPA|[n]}}<ref name=":0" /> |- |𐔕 |nj |{{IPA|[ɲ]}} |- |𐔖 |o |{{IPA|[o ɔ]}} |- |𐔗 |p |{{IPA|[p]}} |- |𐔘 |q |{{IPA|[c]}} |- |𐔙 |r |{{IPA|[ɾ]}} |- |𐔚 |rr |{{IPA|[r]}} |- |𐔛 |s |{{IPA|[s]}} |- |𐔜 |sh |{{IPA|[ʃ]}} |- |𐔝 |t |{{IPA|[t]}} |- |𐔞 |th |{{IPA|[θ]}} |- |𐔟 |u |{{IPA|[u]}} |- |𐔠 |v |{{IPA|[v]}} |- |𐔡 |x |{{IPA|[dz]}} |- |𐔢 |y |{{IPA|[y]}} |- |𐔣 |z |{{IPA|[z]}} |- |𐔤 |zh |{{IPA|[ʒ]}} |- |𐔥 |''gh'' |{{IPA|[ɣ]}} (t-Aon focail Gréigis) |- |𐔦 |''gh'' |{{IPA|[ɣ]}} (t-Aon focail Gréigis) |- |𐔧 |''kh'' |{{IPA|[x]}} (t-Aon focail Gréigis) |} [[Catagóir:Aibítrí]] 1gxbx5twpomjqrpgd5wbhiwtwneko8c 1272694 1272693 2025-07-05T01:01:40Z LzerLive 66246 1272694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Córais Scríbhneoireachta|unicode=U+10500 &ndash; U+1052F<ref>[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11050-n3985-elbasan.pdf Final&nbsp;Accepted&nbsp;Script&nbsp;Proposal]</ref>|Nom=Aibítir Elbasan|Altname=Alfabeti i Elbasanit|Tipus=Aibítir|Període=18ú Aois|direccio_text=Clé go Dheas|Llengües=Albáinis}} Is [[Aibítir|aibítreach]] ó lár an 18ú haois don [[An Albáinis|teanga Albáinis]] '''í an t-aibítir Elbasan''' a raibh cruthaíodh le haigh ''Lámhscríbhinn Shoiscéil Elbasan'', <ref name="elsie">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Elsie|first=Robert|year=1995|title=The Elbasan Gospel Manuscript (''Anonimi i Elbasanit''), 1761, and the struggle for an original Albanian alphabet|journal=Südost-Forschungen|volume=54|pages=105–159|publisher=Südost-Institut|location=[[Regensburg]]|issn=0081-9077|url=http://elsie.de/pdf/articles/A1995ElbasanMs_Fig.pdf}}</ref> ar a dtugtar freisin ''Anonimi i Elbasanit'' ("An tAinm Gan Ainm Elbasan"), is é an t-aon doiciméad atá scríofa ann é. <ref name="elsie" />Bhí an doiciméad cruthaíodh ag an t-Eaglais Naomh Jovan Vladimir i lár na hAlbáine, ach anois tá sé caomhnaithe i gCartlann Náisiúnta na hAlbáine i [[Tiorána|dTirana]] . Cosúil leis an lámhscríbhinn, tá an aibítir ainmnithe i ndiaidh an chathair [[Elbasan]], an áit a scríobhadh é, agus cé gur nach bhfuil í an lámhscríbhinn an doiciméad is sine atá scríofa in Albáinis, <ref>{{Cite book-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bSxHgej4tKMC&q=1462|title=Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction|isbn=9781444359688|author=Benjamin w. Fortson|first=IV|date=7 September 2011}}</ref> is é Elbasan an ceann is sine as seacht <ref name="elsie" /> aibítrí a cruthaíodh don Albáinis. <ref name="elsie" />Tá 59 leathanaigh faoi t-ábhar bíobla sa lámhscríbhinn. <ref name="elsie" /> == Litreacha == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Litir<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/elbasan.htm|title=Elbasan alphabet|website=[[Omniglot]]|access-date=2019-04-15}}</ref> ![[Aibítir Laidineach]] ![[Fuaimniú]] |- |𐔀 |a |{{IPA|[a ɑ ɒ]}} |- |𐔁 |b |{{IPA|[b]}} |- |𐔂 |c |{{IPA|[ts]}} |- |𐔃 |ç, xh |{{IPA|[tʃ]}}, {{IPA|[dʒ]}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3856.pdf|title=Preliminary proposal for encoding the Elbasan script in the SMP of the UCS|last1=Everson|first1=Michael|last2=Elsie|first2=Robert|date=2010-06-23|publisher=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2|access-date=2024-06-25}}</ref> |- |𐔄 |d |{{IPA|[d]}} |- |𐔅 |nd |{{IPA|[nd]}} |- |𐔆 |dh |{{IPA|[ð]}} |- |𐔇 |e |{{IPA|[e ɛ]}}<ref name=":0" /> |- |𐔈 |ë |{{IPA|[ə]}}<ref name=":0" /> |- |𐔉 |f |{{IPA|[f]}} |- |𐔊 |g |{{IPA|[ɡ]}} |- |𐔋 |gj |{{IPA|[ɟ]}} |- |𐔌 |h |{{IPA|[h]}} |- |𐔍 |i |{{IPA|[i]}} |- |𐔎 |j |{{IPA|[j]}} |- |𐔏 |k |{{IPA|[k]}} |- |𐔐 |l |{{IPA|[l]}} |- |𐔑 |ll |{{IPA|[ɫ]}} |- |𐔒 |m |{{IPA|[m]}} |- |𐔓 |n |{{IPA|[n]}} |- |𐔔 |n (roimh g agus gj) |{{IPA|[n]}}<ref name=":0" /> |- |𐔕 |nj |{{IPA|[ɲ]}} |- |𐔖 |o |{{IPA|[o ɔ]}} |- |𐔗 |p |{{IPA|[p]}} |- |𐔘 |q |{{IPA|[c]}} |- |𐔙 |r |{{IPA|[ɾ]}} |- |𐔚 |rr |{{IPA|[r]}} |- |𐔛 |s |{{IPA|[s]}} |- |𐔜 |sh |{{IPA|[ʃ]}} |- |𐔝 |t |{{IPA|[t]}} |- |𐔞 |th |{{IPA|[θ]}} |- |𐔟 |u |{{IPA|[u]}} |- |𐔠 |v |{{IPA|[v]}} |- |𐔡 |x |{{IPA|[dz]}} |- |𐔢 |y |{{IPA|[y]}} |- |𐔣 |z |{{IPA|[z]}} |- |𐔤 |zh |{{IPA|[ʒ]}} |- |𐔥 |''gh'' |{{IPA|[ɣ]}} (t-Aon focail Gréigis) |- |𐔦 |''gh'' |{{IPA|[ɣ]}} (t-Aon focail Gréigis) |- |𐔧 |''kh'' |{{IPA|[x]}} (t-Aon focail Gréigis) |} [[Catagóir:Aibítrí]] d85zvblddyy3ehgmbj8h6ph9d1tbog9 1272695 1272694 2025-07-05T01:03:27Z LzerLive 66246 1272695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Córais Scríbhneoireachta|unicode=U+10500 &ndash; U+1052F<ref>[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11050-n3985-elbasan.pdf Final&nbsp;Accepted&nbsp;Script&nbsp;Proposal]</ref>|Nom=Aibítir Elbasan|Altname=Alfabeti i Elbasanit|Tipus=Aibítir|Període=18ú Aois|direccio_text=Clé go Dheas|Llengües=Albáinis}} Is [[Aibítir|aibítreach]] ó lár an 18ú haois don [[An Albáinis|teanga Albáinis]] '''í an t-aibítir Elbasan''' a raibh cruthaíodh le haigh ''Lámhscríbhinn Shoiscéil Elbasan'', <ref name="elsie">{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Elsie|first=Robert|year=1995|title=The Elbasan Gospel Manuscript (''Anonimi i Elbasanit''), 1761, and the struggle for an original Albanian alphabet|journal=Südost-Forschungen|volume=54|pages=105–159|publisher=Südost-Institut|location=[[Regensburg]]|issn=0081-9077|url=http://elsie.de/pdf/articles/A1995ElbasanMs_Fig.pdf}}</ref> ar a dtugtar freisin ''Anonimi i Elbasanit'' ("An Gan Ainm ó Elbasan"), is é an t-aon doiciméad atá scríofa ann é. <ref name="elsie" />Bhí an doiciméad cruthaíodh ag an t-Eaglais Naomh Jovan Vladimir i lár na hAlbáine, ach anois tá sé caomhnaithe i gCartlann Náisiúnta na hAlbáine i [[Tiorána|dTirana]] . Cosúil leis an lámhscríbhinn, tá an aibítir ainmnithe i ndiaidh an chathair [[Elbasan]], an áit a scríobhadh é, agus cé gur nach bhfuil í an lámhscríbhinn an doiciméad is sine atá scríofa in Albáinis, <ref>{{Cite book-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bSxHgej4tKMC&q=1462|title=Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction|isbn=9781444359688|author=Benjamin w. Fortson|first=IV|date=7 September 2011}}</ref> is é Elbasan an ceann is sine as seacht <ref name="elsie" /> aibítrí a cruthaíodh don Albáinis. <ref name="elsie" />Tá 59 leathanaigh faoi t-ábhar bíobla sa lámhscríbhinn. <ref name="elsie" /> == Litreacha == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Litir<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/elbasan.htm|title=Elbasan alphabet|website=[[Omniglot]]|access-date=2019-04-15}}</ref> ![[Aibítir Laidineach]] ![[Fuaimniú]] |- |𐔀 |a |{{IPA|[a ɑ ɒ]}} |- |𐔁 |b |{{IPA|[b]}} |- |𐔂 |c |{{IPA|[ts]}} |- |𐔃 |ç, xh |{{IPA|[tʃ]}}, {{IPA|[dʒ]}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3856.pdf|title=Preliminary proposal for encoding the Elbasan script in the SMP of the UCS|last1=Everson|first1=Michael|last2=Elsie|first2=Robert|date=2010-06-23|publisher=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2|access-date=2024-06-25}}</ref> |- |𐔄 |d |{{IPA|[d]}} |- |𐔅 |nd |{{IPA|[nd]}} |- |𐔆 |dh |{{IPA|[ð]}} |- |𐔇 |e |{{IPA|[e ɛ]}}<ref name=":0" /> |- |𐔈 |ë |{{IPA|[ə]}}<ref name=":0" /> |- |𐔉 |f |{{IPA|[f]}} |- |𐔊 |g |{{IPA|[ɡ]}} |- |𐔋 |gj |{{IPA|[ɟ]}} |- |𐔌 |h |{{IPA|[h]}} |- |𐔍 |i |{{IPA|[i]}} |- |𐔎 |j |{{IPA|[j]}} |- |𐔏 |k |{{IPA|[k]}} |- |𐔐 |l |{{IPA|[l]}} |- |𐔑 |ll |{{IPA|[ɫ]}} |- |𐔒 |m |{{IPA|[m]}} |- |𐔓 |n |{{IPA|[n]}} |- |𐔔 |n (roimh g agus gj) |{{IPA|[n]}}<ref name=":0" /> |- |𐔕 |nj |{{IPA|[ɲ]}} |- |𐔖 |o |{{IPA|[o ɔ]}} |- |𐔗 |p |{{IPA|[p]}} |- |𐔘 |q |{{IPA|[c]}} |- |𐔙 |r |{{IPA|[ɾ]}} |- |𐔚 |rr |{{IPA|[r]}} |- |𐔛 |s |{{IPA|[s]}} |- |𐔜 |sh |{{IPA|[ʃ]}} |- |𐔝 |t |{{IPA|[t]}} |- |𐔞 |th |{{IPA|[θ]}} |- |𐔟 |u |{{IPA|[u]}} |- |𐔠 |v |{{IPA|[v]}} |- |𐔡 |x |{{IPA|[dz]}} |- |𐔢 |y |{{IPA|[y]}} |- |𐔣 |z |{{IPA|[z]}} |- |𐔤 |zh |{{IPA|[ʒ]}} |- |𐔥 |''gh'' |{{IPA|[ɣ]}} (t-Aon focail Gréigis) |- |𐔦 |''gh'' |{{IPA|[ɣ]}} (t-Aon focail Gréigis) |- |𐔧 |''kh'' |{{IPA|[x]}} (t-Aon focail Gréigis) |} [[Catagóir:Aibítrí]] k5n8h9kz74o187vxdu6c4s2nvd7dkl2 0 120109 1272699 2025-07-05T01:45:45Z Bpjeduc 67661 Irish Wikipedia (Hamidreza Ghorbani) 1272699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is [[amhránaí]], [[cumadóir]], socraitheoir, [[scríbhneoir]] agus [[cumadóir amhrán]] Iaránach é '''Hamidreza Ghorbani''' ([[Peirsis]]: '''حمیدرضا قربانی''' ‎) (rugadh é ar an [[30]] [[Iúil]], [[1991]] in Isfahan). Thosaigh sé a ghairm bheatha ceoil go hoifigiúil in 2017 agus tá trí albam oifigiúil aige. ==Ceol== Thosaigh Hamidreza ag seinm ceoil ag aois 16, agus é ag déanamh staidéir ar eolaíocht ríomhaireachta i scoil ealaíne, ag múineadh an ghiotáir dó féin. Thosaigh sé ag foghlaim pianó, cumadóireacht agus teoiric cheoil in 2011 faoi threoir Naser Cheshmazar. <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://irbiography.com/hamidreza-ghorbani/|teideal=بیوگرافی و کارنامه هنری حمیدرضاقربانی|údar=Ir Biography|dáta=7 Eanáir 2023|dátarochtana=2023}}</ref> In 2021 agus 2022, d'eisigh Hamidreza Ghorbani, i gcomhar leis an amhránaí-scríbhneoir Meiriceánach "Shay Watson", trí albam gearr idirnáisiúnta, inar tháinig ealaíontóirí ar nós: Peter Baltes, Sarah Rebecca (Gannon), (ball de Celtic Woman Band), Jenny Teator, Jason Goforth, Ella Hartt agus Klaus Luchs leo. ==Taighde agus scríbhneoireacht== Meastar gur duine de cheannródaithe an cheoil idirnáisiúnta agus scríbhneoireacht alt san Iaráin é Hamidreza Ghorbani. Tar éis dó suíomhanna gréasáin Peirseacha a chruthú atá tiomnaithe don cheol, thosaigh sé ag comhoibriú leo. Díreach tar éis dó dul isteach i Roinn Taighde Ollscoil Ioslamach Azad agus i gClub na dTaighdeoirí Óga Éilíte, thosaigh Ghorbani ag comhoibriú leo mar údar agus láithreoir tionscadal taighde i réimse an cheoil. Trí bliana ina dhiaidh sin, rinneadh ball de Roinn Taighde Ollscoil Ioslamach Azad de.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://bpj.iau.ir/payesh/project/1705|teideal= انسان مدرن موسیقی را شکلی از تاریخ زنده می‌داند |údar= Islamic Azad University/Payesh|dáta=2 Eanáir 2023|dátarochtana=2023}}</ref> Chomh maith lena ghníomhaíochtaí idirlín, chomhoibrigh sé leis an bpreas Peirseach freisin. Tá go leor alt foilsithe aige ar cheol i nuachtán Shahrvand, Jam-e Jam (nuachtán), PayameMa, Sobhe Emrooz, Eghtesade Melli, Etemad, Quds, Asia (nuachtán eacnamaíoch), etc. Tá a chuid alt foilsithe freisin i ngníomhaireachtaí nuachta ar nós Club na nIriseoirí Óga, Gníomhaireacht Nuachta na Poblachta Ioslamaí (IRNA), Gníomhaireacht Nuachta na Mac Léinn Iaráinis (ISNA), ILNA, Gníomhaireacht Nuachta Tasnim, Gníomhaireacht Nuachta Fars (Fars), JameJam Ar Líne, Qods Ar Líne, Shahrvand Ar Líne, Rokna, Afkar News, Suíomh Tagartha Ceoil Iaráinis (Khosousi), Gníomhaireacht Preasa Ceoil Iaráinis, etc. <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.isna.ir/news/1404011707840/%D8%A7%D8%B2-%DA%86%D9%86%DA%AF-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85|teideal=Hamidreza Ghorbani's interview with ISN |údar= ISNA|dáta=2025-04-06|dátarochtana=2025}}</ref> <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.yjc.ir/00bOgM|teideal= Ghorbani's interview with Young Journalists Club|údar= YJC |dáta=2025-02-14|dátarochtana=2025}}</ref> <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://irna.ir/xjTgk6|teideal= Ghorbani's interview with IRNA (Islamic Republic News Agency)|údar= IRNA|dáta=2025-04-07|dátarochtana=2025}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Hamidreza Ghorbani Singer1991.jpg|clé|mion|2025]] Sa bhliain 2025, thosaigh sé a ghairm bheatha mar scríbhneoir agus taighdeoir ceoil ag suíomh Gréasáin oifigiúil ceoleolaíochta Iaráinis, "Iran Musicology".<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://iranmusicology.com/|teideal= حمیدرضاقربانی به نویسندگان ایران موزیکولوژی پیوست|údar= Iranmusicology|dáta=2025-01-07|dátarochtana=2025}}</ref> Tar éis ionsaí Iosrael ar an Iaráin, cháin sé na hionsaithe, mar aon le go leor aisteoirí, amhránaithe agus ealaíontóirí Iaránacha, agus léirigh agus d’eisigh sé ina aonar dráma ceoil dar teideal "12 Days," inar athchruthaigh sé codanna beo d’ionsaí réimeas Iosrael ar fhoirgneamh Eagraíocht Chraolacháin na hIaráine. <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.honaronline.ir/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C-5/201541-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%87%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D9%87-%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%A9-%D8%B4%D8%AF-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%B4-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C|teideal= ساز همدلی که در روزهای حمله کوک شد / واکنش حمیدرضاقربانی و جمعی از هنرمندان ایران به حمله رژیم صهیونیستی به ایران|údar= Honaronline|dáta=2025-06-27|dátarochtana=2025}}</ref> == Dioscliosta == === Albaim Oifigiúla === * ''Songs Of Hope And Peace'', (2021) * ''Love Is Enough'', (2021) * ''Life Goes On'', (2022) === Singil === * ''Tasavor Mikonam Hasti'' * ''Bahaneh'' * ''Ama Cheshmat'' * ''Zamin Gerdeh'' * ''Rabeteh'' * ''Roozhaye Bad'' * ''Puzzle'' * ''Pileh Kardam'' * ''Sin'' * ''Ghalbe Saadam'' * ''Havasam Hast'' * ''Raftan'' * ''Bekhatereh Eshgh'' * ''Caged'' * ''Labkhand'' == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.instagram.com/ihamidrezaghorbani Instagram oifigiúil Hamidreza Ghorbani] *[https://www.baharnews.ir/news/480522/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%AD%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87 Hamidreza Ghorbani / Baharnews] *[https://jamejamonline.ir/006EF4 Hamidreza Ghorbani / JameJam] *[https://tarna.ir/News/13136 Hamidreza Ghorbani / Tarna] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} [[Catagóir:Amhránaí Iaránach an 21ú hAois]] [[Catagóir:Rugadh i mí Iúil 1991]] [[Catagóir:Rugadh in Isfahan]] ad4csyeuyma44e5r24uxeljmmkb73hl 1272703 1272699 2025-07-05T02:03:05Z Bpjeduc 67661 1272703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is [[amhránaí]], [[cumadóir]], socraitheoir, [[scríbhneoir]] agus [[cumadóir amhrán]] Iaránach é '''Hamidreza Ghorbani''' ([[Peirsis]]: '''حمیدرضا قربانی''' ‎) (rugadh é ar an [[30]] [[Iúil]], [[1991]] in Isfahan). Thosaigh sé a ghairm bheatha ceoil go hoifigiúil in 2017 agus tá trí albam oifigiúil aige. ==Ceol== Thosaigh Hamidreza ag seinm ceoil ag aois 16, agus é ag déanamh staidéir ar eolaíocht ríomhaireachta i scoil ealaíne, ag múineadh an ghiotáir dó féin. Thosaigh sé ag foghlaim pianó, cumadóireacht agus teoiric cheoil in 2011 faoi threoir [[Naser Cheshmazar]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://irbiography.com/hamidreza-ghorbani/|teideal=بیوگرافی و کارنامه هنری حمیدرضاقربانی|údar=Ir Biography|dáta=7 Eanáir 2023|dátarochtana=2023}}</ref> In 2021 agus 2022, d'eisigh Hamidreza Ghorbani, i gcomhar leis an amhránaí-scríbhneoir Meiriceánach "Shay Watson", trí albam gearr idirnáisiúnta, inar tháinig ealaíontóirí ar nós: Peter Baltes, Sarah Rebecca (Gannon), (ball de Celtic Woman Band), Jenny Teator, Jason Goforth, Ella Hartt agus Klaus Luchs leo. ==Taighde agus scríbhneoireacht== Meastar gur duine de cheannródaithe an cheoil idirnáisiúnta agus scríbhneoireacht alt san Iaráin é Hamidreza Ghorbani. Tar éis dó suíomhanna gréasáin Peirseacha a chruthú atá tiomnaithe don cheol, thosaigh sé ag comhoibriú leo. Díreach tar éis dó dul isteach i Roinn Taighde Ollscoil Ioslamach Azad agus i gClub na dTaighdeoirí Óga Éilíte, thosaigh Ghorbani ag comhoibriú leo mar údar agus láithreoir tionscadal taighde i réimse an cheoil. Trí bliana ina dhiaidh sin, rinneadh ball de Roinn Taighde Ollscoil Ioslamach Azad de.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://bpj.iau.ir/payesh/project/1705|teideal= انسان مدرن موسیقی را شکلی از تاریخ زنده می‌داند |údar= Islamic Azad University/Payesh|dáta=2 Eanáir 2023|dátarochtana=2023}}</ref> Chomh maith lena ghníomhaíochtaí idirlín, chomhoibrigh sé leis an bpreas Peirseach freisin. Tá go leor alt foilsithe aige ar cheol i nuachtán Shahrvand, Jam-e Jam (nuachtán), PayameMa, Sobhe Emrooz, Eghtesade Melli, Etemad, Quds, Asia (nuachtán eacnamaíoch), etc. Tá a chuid alt foilsithe freisin i ngníomhaireachtaí nuachta ar nós Club na nIriseoirí Óga, Gníomhaireacht Nuachta na Poblachta Ioslamaí (IRNA), Gníomhaireacht Nuachta na Mac Léinn Iaráinis (ISNA), ILNA, Gníomhaireacht Nuachta Tasnim, Gníomhaireacht Nuachta Fars (Fars), JameJam Ar Líne, Qods Ar Líne, Shahrvand Ar Líne, Rokna, Afkar News, Suíomh Tagartha Ceoil Iaráinis (Khosousi), Gníomhaireacht Preasa Ceoil Iaráinis, etc.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.isna.ir/news/1404011707840/%D8%A7%D8%B2-%DA%86%D9%86%DA%AF-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85|teideal=Hamidreza Ghorbani's interview with ISN |údar= ISNA|dáta=2025-04-06|dátarochtana=2025}}</ref> <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.yjc.ir/00bOgM|teideal= Ghorbani's interview with Young Journalists Club|údar= YJC |dáta=2025-02-14|dátarochtana=2025}}</ref> <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://irna.ir/xjTgk6|teideal= Ghorbani's interview with IRNA (Islamic Republic News Agency)|údar= IRNA|dáta=2025-04-07|dátarochtana=2025}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Hamidreza Ghorbani Singer1991.jpg|clé|mion|2025]] Sa bhliain 2025, thosaigh sé a ghairm bheatha mar scríbhneoir agus taighdeoir ceoil ag suíomh Gréasáin oifigiúil ceoleolaíochta Iaráinis, "Iran Musicology".<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://iranmusicology.com/|teideal= حمیدرضاقربانی به نویسندگان ایران موزیکولوژی پیوست|údar= Iranmusicology|dáta=2025-01-07|dátarochtana=2025}}</ref> Tar éis ionsaí Iosrael ar an Iaráin, cháin sé na hionsaithe, mar aon le go leor aisteoirí, amhránaithe agus ealaíontóirí Iaránacha, agus léirigh agus d’eisigh sé ina aonar dráma ceoil dar teideal "12 Days," inar athchruthaigh sé codanna beo d’ionsaí réimeas Iosrael ar fhoirgneamh Eagraíocht Chraolacháin na hIaráine.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.honaronline.ir/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C-5/201541-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%87%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D9%87-%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%A9-%D8%B4%D8%AF-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%B4-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C|teideal= ساز همدلی که در روزهای حمله کوک شد / واکنش حمیدرضاقربانی و جمعی از هنرمندان ایران به حمله رژیم صهیونیستی به ایران|údar= Honaronline|dáta=2025-06-27|dátarochtana=2025}}</ref> == Dioscliosta == === Albaim Oifigiúla === * ''Songs Of Hope And Peace'', (2021) * ''Love Is Enough'', (2021) * ''Life Goes On'', (2022) === Singil === * ''Tasavor Mikonam Hasti'' * ''Bahaneh'' * ''Ama Cheshmat'' * ''Zamin Gerdeh'' * ''Rabeteh'' * ''Roozhaye Bad'' * ''Puzzle'' * ''Pileh Kardam'' * ''Sin'' * ''Ghalbe Saadam'' * ''Havasam Hast'' * ''Raftan'' * ''Bekhatereh Eshgh'' * ''Caged'' * ''Labkhand'' == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.instagram.com/ihamidrezaghorbani Instagram oifigiúil Hamidreza Ghorbani] *[https://www.baharnews.ir/news/480522/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%AD%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87 Hamidreza Ghorbani / Baharnews] *[https://jamejamonline.ir/006EF4 Hamidreza Ghorbani / JameJam] *[https://tarna.ir/News/13136 Hamidreza Ghorbani / Tarna] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} [[Catagóir:Amhránaí Iaránach an 21ú hAois]] [[Catagóir:Rugadh i mí Iúil 1991]] [[Catagóir:Rugadh in Isfahan]] cezxt2s9ddo4aqqpsndtyr89sscraez 1272704 1272703 2025-07-05T02:09:05Z Bpjeduc 67661 1272704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is [[amhránaí]], [[cumadóir]], socraitheoir, [[scríbhneoir]] agus [[cumadóir amhrán]] Iaránach é '''Hamidreza Ghorbani''' ([[Peirsis]]: '''حمیدرضا قربانی''' ‎) (rugadh é ar an [[30]] [[Iúil]], [[1991]] in Isfahan). Thosaigh sé a ghairm bheatha ceoil go hoifigiúil in 2017 agus tá trí albam oifigiúil aige. ==Ceol== Thosaigh Hamidreza ag seinm ceoil ag aois 16, agus é ag déanamh staidéir ar eolaíocht ríomhaireachta i scoil ealaíne, ag múineadh an ghiotáir dó féin. Thosaigh sé ag foghlaim pianó, cumadóireacht agus teoiric cheoil in 2011 faoi threoir [[Naser Cheshmazar]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://irbiography.com/hamidreza-ghorbani/|teideal=بیوگرافی و کارنامه هنری حمیدرضاقربانی|údar=Ir Biography|dáta=7 Eanáir 2023|dátarochtana=2023}}</ref> In 2021 agus 2022, d'eisigh Hamidreza Ghorbani, i gcomhar leis an amhránaí-scríbhneoir Meiriceánach "Shay Watson", trí albam gearr idirnáisiúnta, inar tháinig ealaíontóirí ar nós: Peter Baltes, Sarah Rebecca (Gannon), (ball de Celtic Woman Band), Jenny Teator, Jason Goforth, Ella Hartt agus Klaus Luchs leo. ==Taighde agus scríbhneoireacht== Meastar gur duine de cheannródaithe an cheoil idirnáisiúnta agus scríbhneoireacht alt san Iaráin é Hamidreza Ghorbani. Tar éis dó suíomhanna gréasáin Peirseacha a chruthú atá tiomnaithe don cheol, thosaigh sé ag comhoibriú leo. Díreach tar éis dó dul isteach i Roinn Taighde Ollscoil Ioslamach Azad agus i gClub na dTaighdeoirí Óga Éilíte, thosaigh Ghorbani ag comhoibriú leo mar údar agus láithreoir tionscadal taighde i réimse an cheoil. Trí bliana ina dhiaidh sin, rinneadh ball de Roinn Taighde Ollscoil Ioslamach Azad de.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://bpj.iau.ir/payesh/project/1705|teideal= انسان مدرن موسیقی را شکلی از تاریخ زنده می‌داند |údar= Islamic Azad University/Payesh|dáta=2 Eanáir 2023|dátarochtana=2023}}</ref> Chomh maith lena ghníomhaíochtaí idirlín, chomhoibrigh sé leis an bpreas Peirseach freisin. Tá go leor alt foilsithe aige ar cheol i nuachtán Shahrvand, Jam-e Jam (nuachtán), PayameMa, Sobhe Emrooz, Eghtesade Melli, Etemad, Quds, Asia (nuachtán eacnamaíoch), etc. Tá a chuid alt foilsithe freisin i ngníomhaireachtaí nuachta ar nós Club na nIriseoirí Óga, Gníomhaireacht Nuachta na Poblachta Ioslamaí (IRNA), Gníomhaireacht Nuachta na Mac Léinn Iaráinis (ISNA), ILNA, Gníomhaireacht Nuachta Tasnim, Gníomhaireacht Nuachta Fars (Fars), JameJam Ar Líne, Qods Ar Líne, Shahrvand Ar Líne, Rokna, Afkar News, Suíomh Tagartha Ceoil Iaráinis (Khosousi), Gníomhaireacht Preasa Ceoil Iaráinis, etc.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.isna.ir/news/1404011707840/%D8%A7%D8%B2-%DA%86%D9%86%DA%AF-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85|teideal=Hamidreza Ghorbani's interview with ISN |údar= ISNA|dáta=2025-04-06|dátarochtana=2025}}</ref> <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.yjc.ir/00bOgM|teideal= Ghorbani's interview with Young Journalists Club|údar= YJC |dáta=2025-02-14|dátarochtana=2025}}</ref> <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://irna.ir/xjTgk6|teideal= Ghorbani's interview with IRNA (Islamic Republic News Agency)|údar= IRNA|dáta=2025-04-07|dátarochtana=2025}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Hamidreza Ghorbani Singer1991.jpg|clé|mion|2025]] Sa bhliain 2025, thosaigh sé a ghairm bheatha mar scríbhneoir agus taighdeoir ceoil ag suíomh Gréasáin oifigiúil ceoleolaíochta Iaráinis, "Iran Musicology".<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://iranmusicology.com/|teideal= حمیدرضاقربانی به نویسندگان ایران موزیکولوژی پیوست|údar= Iranmusicology|dáta=2025-01-07|dátarochtana=2025}}</ref> Tar éis ionsaí Iosrael ar an Iaráin, cháin sé na hionsaithe, mar aon le go leor aisteoirí, amhránaithe agus ealaíontóirí Iaránacha, agus léirigh agus d’eisigh sé ina aonar dráma ceoil dar teideal "12 Days," inar athchruthaigh sé codanna beo d’ionsaí réimeas Iosrael ar fhoirgneamh Eagraíocht Chraolacháin na hIaráine.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.honaronline.ir/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C-5/201541-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%87%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D9%87-%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%A9-%D8%B4%D8%AF-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%B4-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C|teideal= ساز همدلی که در روزهای حمله کوک شد / واکنش حمیدرضاقربانی و جمعی از هنرمندان ایران به حمله رژیم صهیونیستی به ایران|údar= Honaronline|dáta=2025-06-27|dátarochtana=2025}}</ref> == Dioscliosta == === Albaim Oifigiúla === * ''Songs Of Hope And Peace'', (2021) * ''Love Is Enough'', (2021) * ''Life Goes On'', (2022) === Singil === * ''Tasavor Mikonam Hasti'' * ''Bahaneh'' * ''Ama Cheshmat'' * ''Zamin Gerdeh'' * ''Rabeteh'' * ''Roozhaye Bad'' * ''Puzzle'' * ''Pileh Kardam'' * ''Sin'' * ''Ghalbe Saadam'' * ''Havasam Hast'' * ''Raftan'' * ''Bekhatereh Eshgh'' * ''Caged'' * ''Labkhand'' == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.instagram.com/ihamidrezaghorbani Instagram oifigiúil Hamidreza Ghorbani] *[https://www.baharnews.ir/news/480522/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%AD%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87 Hamidreza Ghorbani / Baharnews] *[https://jamejamonline.ir/006EF4 Hamidreza Ghorbani / JameJam] *[https://tarna.ir/News/13136 Hamidreza Ghorbani / Tarna] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} [[Catagóir:amhránaithe]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoir amhrán]] [[Catagóir:Iaráin]] mvyapcyub56016qfauvmm3f5uo9362m 1272705 1272704 2025-07-05T02:13:25Z Bpjeduc 67661 1272705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}} Is [[amhránaí]], [[cumadóir]], socraitheoir, [[scríbhneoir]] agus [[cumadóir amhrán]] Iaránach é '''Hamidreza Ghorbani''' ([[Peirsis]]: '''حمیدرضا قربانی''' ‎) (rugadh é ar an [[30]] [[Iúil]], [[1991]] in Isfahan). Thosaigh sé a ghairm bheatha ceoil go hoifigiúil in 2017 agus tá trí albam oifigiúil aige. ==Ceol== Thosaigh Hamidreza ag seinm ceoil ag aois 16, agus é ag déanamh staidéir ar eolaíocht ríomhaireachta i scoil ealaíne, ag múineadh an ghiotáir dó féin. Thosaigh sé ag foghlaim pianó, cumadóireacht agus teoiric cheoil in 2011 faoi threoir [[Naser Cheshmazar]].<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://irbiography.com/hamidreza-ghorbani/|teideal=بیوگرافی و کارنامه هنری حمیدرضاقربانی|údar=Ir Biography|dáta=7 Eanáir 2023|dátarochtana=2023}}</ref> In 2021 agus 2022, d'eisigh Hamidreza Ghorbani, i gcomhar leis an amhránaí-scríbhneoir Meiriceánach "Shay Watson", trí albam gearr idirnáisiúnta, inar tháinig ealaíontóirí ar nós: Peter Baltes, Sarah Rebecca (Gannon), (ball de Celtic Woman Band), Jenny Teator, Jason Goforth, Ella Hartt agus Klaus Luchs leo. ==Taighde agus scríbhneoireacht== Meastar gur duine de cheannródaithe an cheoil idirnáisiúnta agus scríbhneoireacht alt san Iaráin é Hamidreza Ghorbani. Tar éis dó suíomhanna gréasáin Peirseacha a chruthú atá tiomnaithe don cheol, thosaigh sé ag comhoibriú leo. Díreach tar éis dó dul isteach i Roinn Taighde Ollscoil Ioslamach Azad agus i gClub na dTaighdeoirí Óga Éilíte, thosaigh Ghorbani ag comhoibriú leo mar údar agus láithreoir tionscadal taighde i réimse an cheoil. Trí bliana ina dhiaidh sin, rinneadh ball de Roinn Taighde Ollscoil Ioslamach Azad de.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://bpj.iau.ir/payesh/project/1705|teideal= انسان مدرن موسیقی را شکلی از تاریخ زنده می‌داند |údar= Islamic Azad University/Payesh|dáta=2 Eanáir 2023|dátarochtana=2023}}</ref> Chomh maith lena ghníomhaíochtaí idirlín, chomhoibrigh sé leis an bpreas Peirseach freisin. Tá go leor alt foilsithe aige ar cheol i nuachtán Shahrvand, Jam-e Jam (nuachtán), PayameMa, Sobhe Emrooz, Eghtesade Melli, Etemad, Quds, Asia (nuachtán eacnamaíoch), etc. Tá a chuid alt foilsithe freisin i ngníomhaireachtaí nuachta ar nós Club na nIriseoirí Óga, Gníomhaireacht Nuachta na Poblachta Ioslamaí (IRNA), Gníomhaireacht Nuachta na Mac Léinn Iaráinis (ISNA), ILNA, Gníomhaireacht Nuachta Tasnim, Gníomhaireacht Nuachta Fars (Fars), JameJam Ar Líne, Qods Ar Líne, Shahrvand Ar Líne, Rokna, Afkar News, Suíomh Tagartha Ceoil Iaráinis (Khosousi), Gníomhaireacht Preasa Ceoil Iaráinis, etc.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.isna.ir/news/1404011707840/%D8%A7%D8%B2-%DA%86%D9%86%DA%AF-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85|teideal=Hamidreza Ghorbani's interview with ISNA |údar= ISNA|dáta=2025-04-06|dátarochtana=2025}}</ref> <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.yjc.ir/00bOgM|teideal= Ghorbani's interview with Young Journalists Club|údar= YJC |dáta=2025-02-14|dátarochtana=2025}}</ref> <ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://irna.ir/xjTgk6|teideal= Ghorbani's interview with IRNA (Islamic Republic News Agency)|údar= IRNA|dáta=2025-04-07|dátarochtana=2025}}</ref> [[Íomhá:Hamidreza Ghorbani Singer1991.jpg|clé|mion|2025]] Sa bhliain 2025, thosaigh sé a ghairm bheatha mar scríbhneoir agus taighdeoir ceoil ag suíomh Gréasáin oifigiúil ceoleolaíochta Iaráinis,"Iran Musicology".<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://iranmusicology.com/|teideal= حمیدرضاقربانی به نویسندگان ایران موزیکولوژی پیوست|údar= Iranmusicology|dáta=2025-01-07|dátarochtana=2025}}</ref> Tar éis ionsaí Iosrael ar an Iaráin, cháin sé na hionsaithe, mar aon le go leor aisteoirí, amhránaithe agus ealaíontóirí Iaránacha, agus léirigh agus d’eisigh sé ina aonar dráma ceoil dar teideal "12 Days," inar athchruthaigh sé codanna beo d’ionsaí réimeas Iosrael ar fhoirgneamh Eagraíocht Chraolacháin na hIaráine.<ref>{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.honaronline.ir/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C-5/201541-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%87%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%84%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D9%87-%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%A9-%D8%B4%D8%AF-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%B4-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C|teideal= ساز همدلی که در روزهای حمله کوک شد / واکنش حمیدرضا قربانی و جمعی از هنرمندان ایران به حمله رژیم صهیونیستی به ایران|údar= Honaronline|dáta=2025-06-27|dátarochtana=2025}}</ref> == Dioscliosta == === Albaim Oifigiúla === * ''Songs Of Hope And Peace'', (2021) * ''Love Is Enough'', (2021) * ''Life Goes On'', (2022) === Singil === * ''Tasavor Mikonam Hasti'' * ''Bahaneh'' * ''Ama Cheshmat'' * ''Zamin Gerdeh'' * ''Rabeteh'' * ''Roozhaye Bad'' * ''Puzzle'' * ''Pileh Kardam'' * ''Sin'' * ''Ghalbe Saadam'' * ''Havasam Hast'' * ''Raftan'' * ''Bekhatereh Eshgh'' * ''Caged'' * ''Labkhand'' == Naisc sheachtracha == * [http://www.instagram.com/ihamidrezaghorbani Instagram oifigiúil Hamidreza Ghorbani] *[https://www.baharnews.ir/news/480522/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%AD%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87 Hamidreza Ghorbani / Baharnews] *[https://jamejamonline.ir/006EF4 Hamidreza Ghorbani / JameJam] *[https://tarna.ir/News/13136 Hamidreza Ghorbani / Tarna] == Tagairtí == {{Reflist}} [[Catagóir:amhránaithe]] [[Catagóir:Scríbhneoir amhrán]] [[Catagóir:Iaráin]] fbhfsm0uo43lomm72jerjzmn4a9t6ff 0 120110 1272700 2025-07-05T01:56:33Z 93.107.49.92 Jota to be remembered 1272700 wikitext text/x-wiki this page is in honour of Diogo Silva who goes by Diogo Jota 3t8kz5vtqcjauforyznm5r3lokrev68 1272701 1272700 2025-07-05T01:58:04Z 93.107.49.92 1272701 wikitext text/x-wiki this page is in honour of Diogo Silva who goes by Diogo Jota Diogo died in a horrific car accident with his brother Andre Silva He was a Liverpool fc player he wore the number 20 s4vjvtq8e1icdy8h4fuzvk0xc90zgr3 1272702 1272701 2025-07-05T02:00:41Z 93.107.49.92 1272702 wikitext text/x-wiki this page is in honour of Diogo Silva who goes by '''[[Legend|Diogo Jota]]''' Diogo died in a horrific car accident with his brother Andre Silva He was a [[Liverpool Football Club|Liverpool]] fc player he wore the number 20 1oaol9su4otmo69aytxicoercho7ug3 14 120111 1272724 2025-07-05T09:09:10Z TGcoa 21229 Leathanach cruthaithe le '[[Catagóir:20ú haois in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:1910idí]]' 1272724 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Catagóir:20ú haois in Éirinn]] [[Catagóir:1910idí]] fab1b1n2iv6m8p9a2evysomr9h5yosn 0 120112 1272734 2025-07-05T09:58:18Z Marcas.oduinn 33120 Cruthaithe ó enwiki (cuid de, tuilleadh le teacht, SAC srl) 1272734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}} Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Eirid'''<ref name=logainm /><ref name=EPA /> suite in iarthair {{h|Contae Ros Comáin}}, i n-abhantrach [[An Bhuaile|Na Buaile]]. Is suíomh [[Natura 2000]] é an loch. Rinneadh [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] dó ó Bhealtaine 2016 ar aghaidh, as ucht a ghnáthóige ‘Lochanna Uisce Crua’.{{refn | group=n | Aitheanta fosta mar ‘Uiscí crua olaga-méiseatrófach le fásra beantach le ''Chara spp''.'}}<ref name=IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /><ref name=EUNIS /><ref name=BISE /> == Tíreolaíocht == Tá Loch Eirid {{convert|10|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó dheas de {{h|Bealach an Doirín}}, sna bailte fearainn a leanas: Cluain Dairte, Doirín na mBacán, Eiread Gort an Ghainimh agus An Tulaigh. Tá an loch suite i n-abhantrach uachtaránacht na Buaile. Tá sé lastigh den Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta Loch Eirid, a bhfuil achar 84.59 ha aige.<ref name= IrishStatutebook /><ref name=Synopsis /> [[Íomhá:Lough Errit, County Roscommon.jpg|thumb|Loch Eirid, loch uisce crua]] == Féach freisin == * [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]] == Nótaí == {{reflist | group=n}} == Tagairtí == {{reflist | refs = <ref name=EPA>{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}</ref> <ref name=logainm>{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/110059 | teideal = Loch Eirid | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 30ú Eanáir 2020 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}</ref> <ref name=IrishStatutebook>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Statutory Instrument S.I. No. 266/2016 - European Union Habitats (Errit Lough Special Area of Conservation 000607) Regulations 2016 | url = https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = irishstatutebook.ie/ | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526214727/https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2016/si/266/made/en | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=Synopsis>{{lua idirlín | teideal = NPWS Errit Lough Site Synopsis | url = https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website=npws.ie | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240526220656/https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000607.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name=EUNIS>{{lua idirlín | teideal = EUNIS-Errit Lough SAC |url=https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | access-date = 26 May 2024 | website = eunis.eea.europa.eu | archive-date = 26 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526224336/https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> <ref name=BISE>{{lua idirlín | teideal = Errit Lough Biodiversity Information System for Europe |url= https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | access-date = 29 May 2024 | website = biodiversity.europa.eu/ | archive-date = 29 May 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240529212438/https://biodiversity.europa.eu/sites/natura2000/IE0000607 | url-status = live}}</ref> }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eirid, Loch}} [[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ros Comáin]] 9mw19wcaf6shdm2fb78sgpjrej1uruy