An Fhraincis

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    <title>An Fhraincis</title>
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Is [[Teanga (cumarsáid)|teanga]] [[Teangacha Rómánsacha|Rómánsach]] í an '''Fhraincis''' (''français'', fuaimniú [fʁɑ̃sɛ]) a áirítear ar theangacha móra an domhain. Tá sí ó dhúchas ag 76 milliún duine,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ethnologue.com/statistics/size] Ethnologue&lt;/ref&gt; chomh maith le tuairim is 280 milliún duine a d'fhoghlaim ar scoil í. Tá pobal suaithinseach Frainciseoirí le fáil i gceithre thír is caoga ar fud an domhain, ach is í [[an Fhrainc]] an tír is líonmhaire cainteoirí dúchais, agus is ansin a tháinig an teanga ar an bhfód i dtús báire. Thairis sin, tá go leor cainteoirí i [[Québec]] i g[[Ceanada]], sa [[An Bheilg|Bheilg]], agus s[[an Eilvéis]].

As an [[An Laidin|Laidin]] a d'eascair an Fhraincis, ar nós na [[An Phortaingéilis|Portaingéisise]], na [[An Spáinnis|Spáinnise]], na h[[An Iodáilis|Iodáilise]], na [[An Chatalóinis|Catalóinise]], na Rómáinise agus na dteangacha Rómánsacha eile. Deirtear gurbh fhéidir gur tháinig Laidin chomónta na Gaille faoi anáil na Gaillise, rud a d’fhágfadh lorg ar an bhFraincis féin. Tháinig a lán focal nua isteach san Fhraincis ón teanga Gearmáinice a bhí á labhairt ag [[na Frainc]], dream a rinne ionradh ar an tír nuair a mheath cumhacht na hImpireachta Rómhánaí.&lt;ref&gt;Sampla de seo san Fhraincis (agus i dteangacha Rómánsacha eile) is ea na ceithre hairde: ''nord'', ''sud'', ''est'' agus ''ouest''.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Teanga oifigiúil í an Fhraincis in aon tír déag is fiche, agus iad ina mballstáit de chomhphobal na náisiún Fraincise, ''La Francophonie''. Tá stádas oifigiúil ag an bhFraincis sna [[Náisiúin Aontaithe]] agus ina lán eagraíochtaí idirnáisiúnta eile.

Tá an Fhraincis á saothrú mar mheán scríbhneoireachta ag a lán scríbhneoirí agus [[Fealsúnacht|fealsúna]] sa Fhrainc féin agus i dtíortha eile, agus ní háibhéil a rá go bhfuil sí ar ceann de na teangacha is tábhachtaí ó thaobh na [[litríocht]]a de. Bhí [[Jean Racine]] ar dhuine de dhrámadóirí móra an domhain sa tseachtú haois déag. Bhí [[Voltaire]] ar an gcéad fhealsamh mór de chuid na hEagnaíochta, agus chuidigh áitiú a leithéidí le réabhlóidí mhóra an 18ú haois - [[Cogadh Réabhlóideach Mheiriceá|réabhlóid Mheiriceá]] agus [[réabhlóid na Fraince]] - a chur ar siúl. Duine de mhórfhealsúna na fichiú haoise ba ea [[Jean Paul Sartre|Jean-Paul Sartre]], fear a d'fhorbair fealsúnacht an [[Eiseachas|eiseachais]]. Bhí an-tionchar ag [[Charles Baudelaire]], [[Arthur Rimbaud]] agus [[Mallarmé]] i gcúrsaí filíochta sa 19ú haois, gan trácht ar phrós-scríbhneoirí móra na linne. Scríbhneoirí suntasacha iad an Francach [[Michel Déon]] agus an Ceanadach [[Jacques Godbout]] inniu.

== Stádas na Fraincise ar fud an Domhain ==

=== An Fhraincis sa Fhrainc féin ===

De réir Bhunreacht na Fraince is í an Fhraincis an t-aon teanga oifigiúil amháin i bPoblacht na Fraince ón mbliain 1992 i leith, ach, le fírinne, tá an stádas sin aici le fada an lá. Is gnách a rá gurbh é Reacht Villers-Cotterêts thiar sa bhliain 1539 a bhronn stádas oifigiúil ar an teanga an chéad lá riamh. Roimhe sin, ba í an Laidin an teanga ab airde stádas sa Fhrainc.

Tá polasaithe oifigiúla i bhfeidhm ag an Stát leis an teanga dhúchais a chur chun cinn agus le bac a chur ar thionchar an [[An Béarla|Bhéarla]] trí théarmaí dúchasacha a sholáthar. Cuireann náisiúnachas oifigiúil na Fraince an-bhéim ar an teanga mar shiombail d'aontas na tíre, agus dá bhrí sin bíonn an scothaicme pholaitiúil, intleachtúil agus riaracháin doicheallach go leor roimh theangacha réigiúnacha na Fraince, ar nós na [[An Bhriotáinis|Briotáinise]].

[[File:Knowledge French EU map.svg|right|thumb|Eolas ar Fraincis San A.E.]]

=== An Fhraincis san Eilvéis ===

Teanga oifigiúil í an Fhraincis san [[An Eilvéis|Eilvéis]]. Tá sí ar an dara teanga is mó a labhraítear san Eilvéis, agus í ó dhúchas ag duine as cúigear.

=== An Fhraincis sa Bheilg ===

Teanga oifigiúil í an Fhraincis sa [[An Bheilg|Bheilg]] chomh maith. Tá sí ó dhúchas as 40 % de mhuintir na tíre, agus í foghlamtha go maith ag 60 % den chuid eile.

=== An Fhraincis i Monacó agus in Andóra ===

Is í an Fhraincis an t-aon teanga oifigiúil i [[Monacó]], cé go bhfuil [[an Mhonacais|teanga]] ag muintir na háite atá níos cosúla le canúint Liguria s[[an Iodáil]] ná leis an bhFraincis.

Is í an [[An Chatalóinis|Chatalóinis]] teanga oifigiúil [[Andóra]], ach is í an Fhrainc a sholáthraíonn an teagasc scoile i gcuid mhaith de scoileanna Andóra, de réir na gconarthaí idir an Fhrainc agus [[an Spáinn]] faoi dheighilt na cumhachta sa tír. An curaclam Francach agus an teanga Fhraincise atá i bhfeidhm sna scoileanna sin, rud a fhágann go bhfuil Fraincis go paiteanta ag cuid mhór de mhuintir [[Andóra]].

=== An Fhraincis san Iodáil ===

Teangacha oifigiúla iad an Fhraincis agus an Iodáilis in éineacht i nGleann Aosta in aice le teorainn na Fraince. Labhraíonn cuid mhór de mhuintir an ghleanna Franca-Phrovansáilis (nó ''Arpitan'', mar a thugann lucht a hathbheochana uirthi inniu), ach ós rud é go nglacann a lán leis an teanga seo mar chanúint Fraincise, is é dearcadh oifigiúil na hIodáile gurb í an Fhraincis chaighdeánach is fearr a fhreastalaíonn ar riachtanaisí cultúrtha na ndaoine seo.

=== An Fhraincis i Lucsamburg ===

Tá trí theanga oifigiúla i [[Lucsamburg]], mar atá, an [[An Lucsambuirgis|Lucsambuirgis]], an [[An Ghearmáinis|Ghearmáinis]] agus an Fhraincis. Is í an [[An Lucsambuirgis|Lucsambuirgis]] teanga dhúchasach na Lucsamburgach, agus is canúint de chuid na Gearmáinise í. Ós rud é go bhfuil an Ghearmáinis an-chóngarach di, cleachtar mar theanga chultúrtha í, ach is í an Fhraincis an t-aon teanga amháin a úsáidtear i gcúrsaí reachtaíochta. Ainmneacha Fraincise amháin atá ar na forais phoiblí. Is í an Ghearmáinis teanga na nuachtán ach is í an Lucsambuirgis caint na ndaoine.

=== An Fhraincis in Oileáin [[Muir nIocht|Mhuir nIocht]] ===

Bhíodh canúintí áitiúla Fraincise á labhairt in [[Geirsí |Oileán Gheirsí]] agus in [[Geansaí (oileán)|Oileán Gheansaí]] ach is fada ag géilleadh don Bhéarla iad. Tá na canúintí seo á saothrú ag lucht athbheochana, agus baintear úsáid áirithe astu mar theangacha liteartha. Maidir leis an bhFraincis chaighdeánaithe, tá cineál stádas oifigiúil aici i gcúrsaí riaracháin. Tá difríochtaí áirithe idir Fraincis chaighdeánach Gheirsí agus caighdeán na Fraince: tá cuid mhaith téarmaí dlí dá gcuid féin ag muintir an oileáin, rud a chuirfeadh i gcuimhne duit an dóigh a n-úsáidtear téarmaí dlí Albanacha i mBéarla caighdeánach na hAlban.

=== An Fhraincis in Éirinn===

Ba í an Fhraincis an dara teanga iasachta is mó labhairt mar phríomhtheanga tí in [[Éireann|Éirinn]] sa bhliain 2011. Ba í an phríomhtheanga ag 56,430 duine (1.2% de dhaonra na tíre). Ba í an ceathrú teanga is mó labhairt san iomlán. De réir suirbhé a dhein Eurobarometer sa bhliain 2006 dúirt 20% go raibh ar a gcumas comhrá a bheith acu as Fraincis.  

=== An Fhraincis i gCeanada ===

Teanga oifigiúil í an Fhraincis i [[Ceanada|gCeanada]], agus is í an t-aon teanga oifigiúil amháin i [[Québec]] ón mbliain 1974 i leith. Tá sí ó dhúchas ag ceathrar as gach cúigear i Québec féin, agus tá canúintí dá gcuid féin ag [[New Brunswick]], ag [[Ontario]], ag [[Manitoba]], ag [[Albain Nua]] agus ag [[Oileán Phrionsa Éadbhard]]. Tá stádas oifigiúil ag an bhFraincis i [[New Brunswick]], in éineacht leis an [[An Béarla|mBéarla]], agus an teanga ó dhúchas ag aon duine amháin as an triúr ansin. Maidir le hOntario, tá leathmhilliún Frainciseoirí ansin, cé nach bhfuil stádas oifigiúil ag an teanga sa stát. Tá sé mhilliún cainteoir dúchais ina gcónaí i Québec, agus breis is dhá chéad míle i New Brunswick.

Cé nach bhfuil stádas oifigiúil ag an teanga ach in dhá chúige i gCeanada, cuireann na húdaráis caol orthu seirbhísí a sholáthar sa teanga in aon áit ina bhfuil pobal substaintiúil Fraincise le fáil. Tugann an trí Chríoch Thuaidh i gCeanada, mar atá [[Yukon]], [[Nunavut]], agus Críocha an Iarthuaiscirt, aitheantas oifigiúil don Fhraincis freisin, toisc go bhfuil rialtas Cheanada féin dátheangach go hoifigiúil.

=== An Fhraincis i Háítí ===

Is í an Fhraincis an t-aon teanga oifigiúil amháin i [[Háítí|Háítí]], cé nach labhraíonn ach an uasaicme í. Is í an teanga úd ''Kreyòl'' caint na sráide. Is [[fásteanga]] í atá bunaithe ar an bhFraincis.

=== An Fhraincis sna Stáit Aontaithe ===

Cé go bhfuil an Fhraincis ar an tríú teanga is mó a labhraítear sna Stáit Aontaithe, níl stádas oifigiúil ar bith aici ansin. Tá sí ar an dara teanga is mó i [[New Hampshire]], [[Louisiana]], [[Maine]], agus [[Vermont]]. Dhá chineál Fraincis atá á labhairt i Louisiana - ''Créole'' agus ''Cajun''. Fásteanga í an teanga ''Créole'' agus í tar éis cuid mhór de ghramadach na Fraincise caighdeánaí a chailleadh faoi bhrú an [[An Béarla|Bhéarla]], na [[An Spáinnis|Spáinnise]], na dteangacha bundúchasacha agus na dteangacha Afracacha. Is iad na Gormaigh is mó a labhraíonn í.
[[File:French in the United States.png|thumb|left|Fraincis i S.A.M.. Buí,6–12% don daonra ag labhairt Fraincis sa bhaile; donn, 12–18%; Dearg, thart ar 18%. Ní chuimsithear [[Criól Fraincise]] .]]

=== An Fhraincis san Afraic ===

An chuid is mó d'Fhrainciseoirí an domhain, tá cónaí orthu san Afraic. De réir na tuairisce a d'eisigh eagraíocht idirnáisiúnta na dtíortha Fraincise (''Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie''), tá 115 mhilliún duine san Afraic a bhfuil Fraincis acu, ó dhúchas nó ón scoil. Tá cónaí orthu in aon tír déag is fiche ar fud na hilchríche.

De ghnáth caithfidh na hAfracánaigh an Fhraincis a fhoghlaim ar scoil mar theanga iasachta. In áiteanna, áfach, is féidir teacht ar chainteoirí dúchais. Tá an Fhraincis á labhairt mar theanga dhúchais timpeall ar [[Abidjan]] sa [[An Cósta Eabhair|Chósta Eabhair]] agus i [[Libreville]] sa [[An Ghabúin|Ghabúin]]. Ní féidir a rá go mbeadh aon leagan amháin den Fhraincis ann a dtabharfaí &quot;Fraincis na hAfraice&quot; air. Tá leaganacha éagsúla den teanga ann, agus iad go léir faoi anáil na dteangacha bundúchasacha áitiúla.

=== An Fhraincis san Áise ===

Bhí an Fhraincis ina teanga oifigiúil sa [[An Liobáin|Liobáin]], nuair a bhí an tír á rialú ag an bhFrainc de réir shainordú [[Conradh na Náisiún|Chonradh na Náisiún]]. Sa bhliain 1941 bhain an Liobáin amach neamhspleáchas ar an bhFrainc, agus ansin, níor bronnadh stádas oifigiúil ach ar an [[An Araibis|Araibis]]. Ina dhiaidh sin is uile, tá ardmheas ag muintir na Liobáine ar an bhFraincis i gcónaí, agus iad á foghlaim is á saothrú go dúthrachtach. 

Baintear úsáid éigin as an bhFraincis sa [[An Chambóid|Chambóid]] agus i [[Laos]]. Oidhreacht choilíneach is cúis leis, ar ndóigh. Labhraíonn cuid mhaith seandaoine i [[Vítneam]] í chomh maith, ó bhí sí á saothrú ag an scothaicme, ach rachadh sé rite leat teacht ar Fhrainciseoirí óga anois.

Tá stádas oifigiúil ag an bhFraincis i bPondicherry san [[An India|India]], an t-aon áit amháin a choinnigh na Francaigh acu féin sa tír tar éis do na Sasanaigh teacht i dtreis. Tá ''lycée'', nó meánscoil Fhrancach, ann fós. Is í an [[An Tamailis|Tamailis]] an teanga is mó atá i réim ansin, áfach.

== Stair na Fraincise ==

=== An tSean-Fhraincis ===

Tháinig an [[An Laidin|Laidin]] go dtí an Ghaill le léigiúin [[Iúil Caesar]], a d'fhorghabh an tír sna 50idí RC. Go dtí sin bhí [[Teangacha Ceilteacha|canúintí Ceilteacha]] á labhairt sa chuid ba mhó den tír, agus dealraíonn sé fosta go raibh cineál sean-Bhascaise (Acatáinis) le cloisteáil sa deisceart. Thréig na Gailligh a gcuid Ceiltise de réir a chéile, áfach, agus níor mhair ach dornán focal Ceilteach san Fhraincis. Is ainmneacha iad ar ghnéithe den tír, ar phlandaí agus ar rudaí a bhaineann le talmhaíocht agus le feirmeoireacht. Maidir leis an gcineál Laidine a d'fhoghlaim na Gailligh, áfach, níorbh í Laidin ardnósach na scothaicme í ach caint chomónta na saighdiúirí. 

B’fhéidir go bhfuil tionchar na Ceiltise le haithint ar ghramadach agus ar chomhréir na Fraincise. Is minic an cuspóir á chur in iúl i dtús abairte ar son na béime mar a dhéantar i [[An Ghaeilge|nGaeilge]] le cúnamh an chopail: '''''c'est lui''' qui parle'' = &quot;'''is eisean''' atá ag labhairt&quot;. Is ionann an modh comhairimh sa dá theanga: ''quatre-vingt'' = &quot;ceithre fichid&quot;, nó &quot;ceithre scór&quot; (ar ndóigh, chloisfeá &quot;ochtó&quot; i nGaeilge an lae inniu freisin). 
Nuair a tháinig meath ar impireacht na Róimhe, shealbhaigh na Frainc (treibh a raibh [[Teangacha Gearmáinice|teanga Gearmáinice]] acu agus í cosúil leis na canúintí ba thús don [[An Ollainnis|Ollainnis]] agus don [[An Ghearmáinis|Ghearmáinis]]) an Ghaill, agus bhunaigh siad ríocht ansin faoi cheannas [[Clóvas|Chlóvais]]. D'fhág siad a n-ainm féin ar an teanga - ''français'' - agus rinne siad dearmad dá gcuid canúintí féin. Fuair an tSean-Fhraincis a lán focal ó chaint na bhFranc, leithéid téarmaíocht chogaidh (''maréchal'' = marascal, cf. ''marskálkur'' na hÍoslainnise, ''marsk'' nó ''marskalk'' na [[An tSualainnis|Sualainnise]], ''Marschall'' na Gearmáinise), ainmneacha na ndathanna (''bleu'' &quot;gorm&quot;, cf. ''blue'' an Bhéarla, ''blau'' na Gearmáinise, ''blár'' na hÍoslainnise, ''blå'' na Sualainnise), agus a lán eile. Sampla eile is ea ''guerre'' (&quot;cogadh&quot;), arb ionann é agus ''war'' an Bhéarla (chuaigh sé in éag sna teangacha Gearmáinice eile, áfach - ''styrjöld'' a deirtear as Íoslainnis inniu, ''Krieg'' an focal Gearmáinise, ''oorlog'' a deir na hOllannaigh). Tá gaol idir ''choisir'' (&quot;togh, roghnaigh&quot;) agus ''choose'' an Bhéarla nó ''er'''kiesen''''' na Gearmáinise.

Breacadh an Fhraincis, nó canúint a bhí gaolmhar léi, síos den chéad uair i móidí [[Strasbourg]] sa bhliain 842, nuair a tháinig Laoiseach Gearmánach, a bhí ag rialú na leithe thoir de Ríocht na bhFranc, agus [[Séarlas Maol]], rí an Iarthair, le chéile i Strasbourg. Is minic a shíltear gurbh é sin an chéad chonradh síochána a shínigh an Ghearmáin agus an Fhrainc le chéile. Seo é an leagan Fraincise - más féidir Fraincis a thabhairt uirthi - den mhóid a mhionnaigh Laoiseach:
:''Pro Deo amur et pro Christian poblo et nostro commun salvament, d'ist di in avant, in quant Deus savir et podir me dunat, si salvarai eo cist meon fradre Karlo et in ajudha et in cadhuna cosa, si cum om per dreit son fradra salvar dift, in o quid il me altresi fazet, et ab Ludher nul plaid numquam prindrai, qui, meon vol, cist meon fradre Karle in damno sit.''
:&quot;De ghrá Dé, ar son na Críostaíochta agus ar son shlánú na beirte againn, ón lá seo i leith, de réir mar a thabharfaidh Dia ciall agus cumhacht dom, beidh mé ag cosaint Shéarlais, an deartháir seo agam, ag tabhairt fortachta agus gach sórt tacaíochta dó, mar is cuí don deartháir cabhrú lena dheartháir, ionas go mbeidh sé ábalta an tacaíocht chéanna a thabhairt dom féin, agus ní shocróidh mé conradh choíche le Lothar [an tríú deartháir, agus Séarlas is Laoiseach ag cur ina choinne] a dhéanfadh dochar don deartháir seo agam, Séarlas.&quot;
I ndiaidh na móide seo, thosaigh an tSean-Fhraincis ag fás agus ag forbairt de réir a chéile. Ba iad na ''chansons de geste'' a rinne teanga liteartha di: laoithe eipiciúla laochais a rinne cur síos ar eachtraí na [[Crosáidí|gCrosáidí]], mar shampla.

=== An Mheán-Fhraincis ===

Glactar leis gur tháinig deireadh leis an tSean-Fhraincis sa tríú haois déag. Is gnách Meán-Fhraincis a thabhairt ar an gcéad chéim eile i stair na Fraincise. Ba í sin an teanga chaighdeánach ar bronnadh stádas oifigiúil uirthi nuair a d'achtaigh an Rí Proinsias a hAon an reacht atá ainmnithe as Villers-Cotterêts thiar sa bhliain 1539. I gceann aon bhliain déag foilsíodh an chéad ghraiméar caighdeánach, ''Tretté de la Grammaire française'' (&quot;Tráchtas faoi ghramadach na Fraincise&quot;). Louis Magret a scríobh é.

=== An Nua-Fhraincis ===

Sa seachtú haois déag, bhí an Fhraincis chaighdeánach chomh cosúil le teanga oilte an lae inniu agus go bhfuil cuid de na teangeolaithe sásta Nua-Fhraincis nó Fraincis Nua-aimseartha a thabhairt uirthi. Is féidir Fraincis Chlasaiceach a thabhairt uirthi freisin - an cineál Fraincise a bhí á shaothrú ag scríbhneoirí na seachtú is na hochtú haoise déag. Sa seachtú haois déag a bhunaigh an Cairdinéal Richelieu Acadamh na Fraincise leis an teanga a phleanáil. Bhí an Fhraincis á saothrú taobh amuigh den Fhrainc agus í ina gnáth-theanga ag uaisle na [[An Ghearmáin|Gearmáine]] agus na [[An Rúis|Rúise]]. Gach aon duine a rinne staidéar ar stair na Gearmáinise chuala sé trácht ar an litir a scríobh Voltaire sa bhliain 1750, agus é ar cuairt i gcúirt ríoga na [[An Phrúis|Prúise]]: &quot;San Fhrainc atá mé anseo. Tá gach duine ag labhairt ár dteanga féin, agus an Ghearmáinis fágtha ag na saighdiúirí agus ag na capaill.&quot;

D’fhódaigh an Fhraincis í féin san [[Meiriceá|Oileán Úr]] fosta, i gcoilíneacht na Nua-Fhraince a bhí ann sna blianta 1663-1763. Is éard a bhí sa choilíneacht seo oirthear [[Ceanada|Cheanada]] (na cúigí a dtugtaí &quot;Canada&quot; agus &quot;Acadie&quot; orthu as Fraincis) agus an chuid de [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Stáit Aontaithe]] an lae inniu atá suite timpeall na lochanna móra agus cois [[Abhainn Mississippi|Mississippi]] - &quot;Louisiane&quot;. Bhí na críocha seo i bhfad ní b'fhairsinge ná stát [[Louisiana]] inniu, agus cheannaigh na Stáit Aontaithe an chuid ba mhó acu ó [[Napoléon Bonaparte]] i dtús na naoú haoise déag. Ní dhearna an Fhrainc mórán míntíreachais ar chríocha Louisiana riamh, agus dá bhrí sin ní mhaireann an Fhraincis ansin ach in áiteanna. Tá an teanga i bhfad níos láidre i [[Québec|Quebec]], agus sin é an fáth a bhfuil stádas oifigiúil aici i gCeanada inniu in éineacht leis an mBéarla.

Go dtí le déanaí bhí a lán teangacha agus canúintí áitiúla á labhairt ar fud na Fraince, agus ní raibh an teanga chaighdeánach ach ag dornán beag daoine: bhí [[An Ocsatáinis|Ocsatáinis]] ag muintir an deiscirt, [[An Bhriotáinis|Briotáinis]] ([[Teangacha Ceilteacha|teanga Cheilteach]]) ag muintir na [[An Bhriotáin|Briotáine]], canúintí Gearmáinise san [[An Alsáis|Alsáis]] in aice leis an teorainn thoir, agus cineál [[Pléimeannaigh|Pléimeannaise]] nó Ollainnise cois na teorann thuaidh. D'imigh sin agus tháinig seo, áfach. Ó laethanta na [[Réabhlóid na Fraince|Réabhlóide]] anuas bhí na húdaráis ag iarraidh na teangacha réigiúnacha a dhíothú, agus thosaigh meath ag teacht orthu de réir a chéile, go háirithe nuair a d'fhoghlaim na fir go léir an teanga náisiúnta san Arm. Ar dtús níor éirigh leis na polasaithe seo ach go measartha, ach inniu is í an Fhraincis chaighdeánach an teanga is mó a labhraítear sa tír, agus na canúintí agus na teangacha mionlaigh ag lagú go tiubh téirimeach. Tá an Bhriotáinis, abair, á labhairt ag leathmhilliún duine ó dhúchas i gcónaí, ach seandaoine iad an formhór mór acu. Is díol spéise í, áfach, an athbheochan atá ar siúl i mbailte móra agus i gcathracha an réigiúin, rud a chuirfeadh rath na Gaelscolaíochta i do cheann.

Níl an Fhraincis féin faoi ghradam mar a bhí. Tháinig an Béarla faoi réim sa domhan san fhichiú haois, ach ní mór a admháil gur trí Fhraincis a dhéantar an dul chun cinn is suntasaí i gcúrsaí ardintleachta fós (ní gá ach cuimhneamh ar fhealsúna ar nós Baudrillard). San [[An Afraic|Afraic]] tá sí láidir go leor i gcónaí, agus tá draíocht chultúrtha ag baint leis an bhFraincis go fiú sa [[An Bhreatain|Bhreatain]] agus i [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Meiriceá]].
[[Íomhá:Drapeau franglais.svg|mion|Drapeau franglais]]

=== An 'franglais' ===
[[Íomhá:Les Pépites Tech-startups e-shop-tag.jpg|mion|Franglais]]
[[Íomhá:Vitrine du BHV-Paris.jpg|mion|franglais]]
Dé réir tuarascáil nua a scríobh an [[Académie française|Académie Francaise]] nó Acadamh na Fraincise sa bhliain 2022, tá an Fhraincis i mbaol mar gheall ar mhéadú mór ar úsáid an Bhéarla sa Fhrainc.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/19-feabhra-2022-gaillimh/id1525428808?i=1000551608954|teideal=‎Nuacht Mhall (Gaillimh)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge, Londain|dáta=19 Feabhra 2022|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2022-02-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.europe1.fr/societe/lacademie-francaise-tire-la-sonnette-dalarme-sur-lusage-du-franglais-4094167|teideal=L'Académie française tire la sonnette d'alarme sur l'usage du «franglais»|language=fr|work=Europe 1|dátarochtana=2022-02-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/quelle-horreur-academie-francaise-sounds-alarm-at-spread-of-english-words-q9pscqz96|teideal=Quelle horreur! Académie Française sounds alarm at spread of English words|údar=Adam Sage / .thetimes.co.uk|dáta=2022|language=en|dátarochtana=2022-02-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa tuarascáil, cáintear an méid téarmaí agus focail Bhéarla atá á n-úsáid i gcáipéisí rialtais, sa litríocht chorparáideach agus i bhfeachtais eolais don phobal. Déantar cur síos ar neart samplaí den Bhéarla á úsáid in áit na Fraincise, mar shampla, tionscnamh comhshaoil i sléibhte Auvergne faoin ainm “zero emission valley” agus an teicneolaícht nua “Easy Drive” a úsáideann comhlacht carranna Renault. Dúirt údair na tuarascála go bhfuil an úsáid sin ag cur as do chomhréir na teanga agus ag deighilt na tíre ar bhonn teangeolaíochta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
[[Íomhá:Enseignes La Rochelle.jpg|mion|franglais i La Rochelle]]

== Litriú agus fuaimniú na Fraincise ==

Leis an [[aibítir Laidineach]] a scríobhtar an Fhraincis. Úsáidtear comharthaí idirdhealaitheacha áirithe: an agúid nó ''accent aigu'', atá cosúil le síneadh fada na Gaeilge (é), an ghraif nó ''accent grave'', atá cosúil le síneadh fada [[Gaeilge na hAlban|Ghaeilge na hAlban]] (à, ù), an cuairín nó ''accent circonflexe'' (ê), an déiréis nó an t-idirphonc atá cosúil leis an umlabht (ë, ï), agus an straithín nó ''cédille'' a chrochtar den c (ç). Thairis sin, úsáidtear dhá nasclitir - an t-''æ'' agus an t-''œ''. 

Tríd is tríd, tá ceartlitriú na Fraincise sách deacair ag an gcainteoir dúchais féin, nó tá sé bunaithe ar fhuaimniú na teanga mar a bhí sé na cianta cairbreacha ó sin. Nuair a caighdeánaíodh an litriú, is minic a tugadh isteach litreacha stairiúla nach raibh bunús ar bith acu i bhfuaimniú na teanga. Mar shampla, bhí an focal ''doigt'' (&quot;méar&quot;) á scríobh gan ''-g-'' i ré na Meán-Fhraincise, ach nuair a caighdeánaíodh an Nua-Fhraincis tugadh an ''-g-'' isteach arís, ós rud é gurb é an focal [[An Laidin|Laidine]] ''digitus'' is tús dó. Tá sé díreach cosúil leis an dóigh a scríobhtar ''debt'' (&quot;fiacha&quot;) sa [[An Béarla|Bhéarla]] inniu, cé nach bhfuil a dhath fágtha den ''b'' sin san fhuaimniú: fuair an Béarla an focal ar iasacht ón bhFraincis agus an ''b'' sin imithe le fada, ach nuair a cruthaíodh ceartlitriú nua-aimseartha an Bhéarla, tháinig an ''b'' ar ais, ó bhí a fhios ag ligeadóirí agus casadóirí an chaighdeáin gurbh é an focal Laidine ''debitum'' a bhí ann i dtús báire.

Ní síneadh fada í an agúid san Fhraincis. Úsáidtear an comhartha seo os cionn na litreach ''e'' le taispeáint go bhfuaimnítear mar [e] é. I dtús an fhocail, is guta próistéiteach é go minic. Is é is brí le guta próistéiteach ná guta a cuireadh roimh chonsan ar leith i dtús an fhocail - agus, sa chás seo, mhair an guta próistéiteach i ndiaidh don chonsan imeacht. Sampla den é- próistéiteach é an focal ''écouter'' &quot;éisteacht, cloisteáil&quot;. ''Escouter'' an fhoirm a bhí ann ar dtús, rud is féidir a aithint ar an mbriathar gaolmhar [[An Spáinnis|Spáinnise]] fosta - ''escuchar''.

Má úsáidtear an ghraif os cionn na litreach &quot;e&quot;, ciallaíonn sé go bhfuil an guta seo níos cosúla le &quot;ä&quot; na [[An Ghearmáinis|Gearmáinise]] san fhuaimniú. An ghraif a chuirtear os cionn na ngutaí eile, níl ann go bunúsach ach idirdhealán le focail aon fhuaime a aithint thar a chéile, cf ''ou'' &quot;nó&quot; agus ''où'' &quot;cén áit&quot;, mar shampla.

Maidir leis an gcuairín, athraíonn sé fuaimniú an ghuta beagáinín freisin, ach de ghnáth, tugann sé le fios gur ligeadh -s- nó guta éigin ar lár: ''sûr'' &lt; ''seur'', mar shampla, nó ''maître'' &lt; ''maistre''. 

==Gramadach==

=== Ainmfhocail ===

==== Tuisil Ainmfhocail ====
Níl ach tuiseal ainmfhocail amháin sa Fhraincis: le [[Gramadach na Gaeilge|tuiseal ginideach na Gaeilge]] a aistriú, úsáidtear an réamhfhocal ''de'', cosúil le ''de'' sa Ghaeilge. Dá bhrí sin, más mian leat ''cluasa na ba'' a rá, deir tú ''les oreilles de la vache'' – focal le focal, &quot;na cluasa de an bhó&quot;. Is féidir smaoineamh ar an difríocht seo trí mheán [[An Béarla|an Bhéarla]]: sa Bhéarla, is féidir ''the cow's ears'' a rá, leis an struchtúr céanna mar atá sa Ghaeilge, nó is féidir ''the ears of the cow'' a rá, ar an dóigh chéanna mar a deirtear san Fhraincis. Taispeántar é seo sa tabla thíos:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!An Fhraincis
!An Ghaeilge
!An Béarla
|-
|les oreilles de la vache
|cluasa na ba
|the cow's ears ''nó'' the ears of the cow
|-
|les oreilles de vache
|na cluasa ba
|the cow ears
|-
|des oreilles de vache
|cluasa ba
|cow ears
|}

Níl aon tuiseal gairmeach nó tabhartach sa Fhraincis ach an oiread: mar atá sa Bhéarla, níl aon difríocht ghramadúil idir abairt ina cuirtear glaoch ar dhuine (&quot;''a Sheáin, cuir an bosca ar an mbord!&quot;'' = ''&quot;Jean, pose la boîte sur le table!''&quot;) agus abairtí eile ('''Chuir Seán an bosca ar an mbord' = 'Jean a posé la boîte sur le table''.')

[[Íomhá:Dictionnaire de l'Académie française.jpg|mion|Foclóir, Académie française, 1768]]

==== Ailt ====

Cosúil leis an nGaeilge, tá dhá inscne ghramadúil sa Fhraincis: baininscneacht agus firinscneacht. Baineann an inscne leis an alt ar nósanna difriúla ná mar a bhaineann sa Ghaeilge, áfach: i nGaeilge, ní úsáidtear an t-alt baininscneach ach sa tuiseal ginideach. Ní mhaireann an tuiseal ginideach i bhFraincis, agus sa teanga sin, má bhíonn alt roimh ainmfhocal uatha baininscneach, beidh san fhoirm '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''la''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' a nochtaidh sé, agus vice versa leis an leagan firinscneach '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''le''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', a thagann roimh na hainmfhocail fhirinscneacha. Tá alt iolra, fosta, '''les''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', nach n-aithríonn de réir na hinscne.

Chomh maith leis an alt cinnte (mar atá sa Ghaeilge), tá freisin an t-alt éiginnte, rud nach bhfuil sa Ghaeilge ach atá sa Bhéarla (an focal ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'a'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'' san abairt ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'I ate a horse'&lt;nowiki/&gt;''. Tá dhá fhoirm den alt éiginnte sa Fhraincis, mar atá: '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''un''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', an leagan firinscneach, agus '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''une''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', leagan baininscneach. Le cois sin, úsaidtear an nod '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''des''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' (as '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''de'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'' agus an t-alt iolra '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''les''') mar alt iolra éiginnte.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Cinnte
!Éiginnte
!Aistriúchán leis an t-alt cinnte
!Aistriúchán leis an t-alt éiginnte
|-
|Je mange la fenêtre
|Je mange une fenêtre
|Ithim an fhuinneog
|Ithim fuinneog
|-
|Je mange le cheval
|Je mange un cheval
|Ithim an capall
|Ithim capall
|-
|Je mange les fenêtres
|Je mange des fenêtres
|Ithim na fuinneoga
|Ithim fuinneoga
|}

Nuair a bhíonn ainmfhocal uatha a thosaíonn le guta agus alt cinnte le chéile, bánn an t-alt agus an t-ainmfhocal le chéile: dá bhrí sin, ''an damhán alla = l'araignée = la + araignée''.

Leis an iolra a thaispeáint, cuirtear i gcónaí beagnach ''s'' ag deireadh an ainmfhocail scriofa, ach ní fhuaimnítear é mura dtosaíonn an chéad focal eile le guta. Go hiondúil, is leor na hailt 'les' agus 'des' le taispeáint gur iolra atá ann nuair a bhítear ag caint.

=== Briathra ===
Tá trí aimsir briathra simplí (déanta d'aon fhocal amháin) sa Fhraincis, chomh maith le cuid mhaith aimsirí coimpléascach (déanta de dhá fhocal nó níos mó). Tá freisin ceithre mhodh ar éagsúil go gramadúil iad. Liosta díobh seo a leanas:

====  An tInfinideach  ====
Modh briathair nach bhfuil i láthair sa Ghaeilge é an infinideach (cé go bhfuil sé sa Bhéarla). Tá sé an-chosúil leis an ''ainm briathartha'' sa Ghaeilge: más mian ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'is maith liom úlla &lt;u&gt;a ithe&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' a rá as Fraincis, deirtear '''j'aime &lt;u&gt;manger&lt;/u&gt; des pommes''' (nó, sa Bhéarla, '''I like &lt;u&gt;to eat&lt;/u&gt; apples''&lt;nowiki/&gt;')''. ''Go neamhchosúil le hainm briathartha na Gaeilge, is é an t-infinideach (agus ní an modh ordaitheach, 'ith') a úsáidtear mar bhun leis na briathra a chur ina bhfoirmeacha eile. Sa Fhraincis, críochnaíonn gach infinideach le ceann amháin de thrí dheireadh: -er, -ir, nó -re.

==== An Aimsir Láithreach ====
Úsáidtear an aimsir láithreach ar an nós céanna mar a úsáidtear an dá aimsir láithreach sa Ghaeilge: deirtear '&lt;u&gt;''Je'' ''mange''&lt;/u&gt; ''une pomme''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' in áit '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''&lt;u&gt;Ithim&lt;/u&gt; úll''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' agus freisin in áit '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''&lt;u&gt;Táim ag ithe&lt;/u&gt;'' ''úill'''. Tá trí phatrún réimnithe ag na briathra Fraincise − de réir cineál deiridh an infinidigh − agus leis an aimsir láithreach a chruthú, cuirtear an deireadh seo ar ceal agus cuirtear na deiridh eile seo thíos ina áit:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Pearsa
!Infinideach -ER, m.s. ''parler''
!-IR, m.s. ''choisir''
!-RE, m.s. ''attendre''
|-
|1ú uath.
|je parl'''e'''
|je chois'''is'''
|j'attend'''s'''
|-
|2ú uath.
|tu parl'''es'''
|tu chois'''is'''
|tu attend'''s'''
|-
|3ú uath.
|elle parl'''e'''
|elle chois'''it'''
|elle attend
|-
|1ú iol.
|nous parl'''ons'''
|nous chois'''issons'''
|nous attend'''ons'''
|-
|2ú iol.
|vous parl'''ez'''
|vous chois'''issez'''
|vous attend'''ez'''
|-
|3ú iol.
|ils parl'''ent'''
|ils chois'''issent'''
|ils attend'''ent'''
|}
Mar shampla, is ionann ''parler'' agus ''labhairt''. Le ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'labhraím'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'' a rá, deirtear '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''je parle'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'' − leis an deireadh ''-'''''er''' curtha ar ceal, agus an deireadh nua '''e''' curtha ina áit.

==== An Aimsir Chaite (Passé Composé) ====
Sa Fhraincis, déantar an aimsir chaite de dhá fhocal le chéile: briathar cúnta (.i. ''avoir'' nó ''être'') agus an ''participe passé'', nó an rangabháil chaite (m.sh. ''J'ai fait'' [= Dhein mé] nó ''Je suis allé'' [= Chuaigh mé]). Tá ''participe passé'' na Fraincise cosúil le haidiacht bhriathartha na Gaeilge (mar shampla, ''ite'' don bhriathar ''ith''), agus ar ionann é le ''past participle'' an Bhéarla (mar shampla, ''eaten'' don bhriathar ''to eat''). Amhlaidh, le ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'d'ith mé'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'' a rá as Fraincis, déarfaí ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'j'ai mangé'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'', go litriúil '''I have eaten'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'' sa Bhéarla (''je'' = ''I'', ''ai'' = ''have'', ''mangé'' = ''eaten''). Go neamhchosúil leis an mBéarla, áfach, úsáidtear an fhoirm seo fiú nuair nach ndéarfaí é sa Bhéarla: amhlaidh, aistreofaí''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'D'ith mé ceapaire inné'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'' mar '''Hier j'ai mangé un sandwich''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', cé nach féidir ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'I have eaten a sandwich yesterday''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' a rá sa Bhéarla. Tá na foirmeacha éagsúla den aimsir seo sa tábla a leanas:

''&lt;nowiki/&gt;&lt;nowiki/&gt;&lt;nowiki/&gt;&lt;nowiki/&gt;''&lt;nowiki/&gt;&lt;nowiki/&gt;&lt;nowiki/&gt;&lt;nowiki/&gt;&lt;nowiki/&gt;&lt;nowiki/&gt;''&lt;nowiki/&gt;''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Pearsa
!-ER, m.s. ''manger''
!-IR, m.s. ''choisir''
!-RE, m.s. ''attendre''
|-
|1.uath
|j''''ai''' mang'''é'''
|j'ai chois'''i'''
|j'ai attend'''u'''
|-
|2. uath.
|tu '''as''' mang'''é'''
|tu as chois'''i'''
|tu as attend'''u'''
|-
|3. uath
|elle '''a''' mang'''é'''
|elle a chois'''i'''
|elle a attend'''u'''
|-
|1.iol
|nous '''avons''' mang'''é'''
|nous avons chois'''i'''
|nous avons attend'''u'''
|-
|2. iol
|vous '''avez''' mang'''é'''
|vous avez chois'''i'''
|vous avons attend'''u'''
|-
|3. iol
|ils '''ont''' mang'''é'''
|ils ont chois'''i'''
|ils ont attend'''u'''
|}

==== An Aimsir Ghnáthchaite (Passé Imparfait) ====
Uair arís, úsáidtear an aimsir ghnáthchaite sa Fhraincis go cosúil mar sa Ghaeilge. I ngach cás ina n-úsáidfí an ghnáthchaite sa Ghaeilge, úsáidtear í sa Fhraincis; amhlaidh deirtear ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'&lt;u&gt;Labhraínn&lt;/u&gt; le mo chuid bréagán nuair a bhí mé óg' '&lt;u&gt;Je parlais&lt;/u&gt; avec mes jouets quand j'étais jeune''' (ní an ''passé composé'', ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'j'ai parlé...'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'', atá i gceist). Áfach, úsáidtear an fhoirm seo freisin leis an modh coinníollach Gaeilge a aistriú ag barr frásaí a thosaíos le 'dá' as Gaeilge:

''Si je '''tombais''', je mangerais une pomme.''

''Dá '''dtitinn''', ithinn úll.''

Sa Ghaeilge, is sa mhodh coinníollach atá 'titinn', ach sa Fhraincis, is sa ghnáthchaithe atá 'tombais'. Sa fhrása seo, tá 'ithinn' freisin sa mhodh coinníollach, ach san áit seo úsáidtear an coinníollach fosta sa Fhraincis. Is ionann é seo agus an chomhréir Béarla: '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''If I &lt;u&gt;fell&lt;/u&gt;, I would eat an apple''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' (ní '''If I &lt;u&gt;would fall&lt;/u&gt;...''&lt;nowiki/&gt;').

Seo hiad a leanas foirmeacha na haimsire seo:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Pearsa
!-ER, m.s. ''parler''
!-IR, m.s. ''choisir''
!-RE, m.s. ''attendre''
|-
|1.uath
|je parl'''ais'''
|je chois'''issais'''
|j'attend'''ais'''
|-
|2. uath.
|tu parl'''ais'''
|tu chois'''issais'''
|tu attend'''ais'''
|-
|3. uath
|elle parl'''ait'''
|elle chois'''issais'''
|elle attend'''ait'''
|-
|1.iol
|nous parl'''ions'''
|nous chois'''issions'''
|nous attend'''ions'''
|-
|2. iol
|vous parl'''iez'''
|vous chois'''issiez'''
|vous attend'''iez'''
|-
|3. iol
|ils parl'''aient'''
|ils chois'''issaient'''
|ils attend'''aient'''
|}

==== An Aimsir Fháistineach Simplí ====
Is féidir aimsir fháistineach simplí na Fraincise a úsáid beagnach go hionann le haimsir fháistineach na Gaeilge. Seo hiad a réimnithe:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Pearsa
!-ER, m.s. ''parler''
!-IR, m.s. ''choisir''
!-RE, m.s. ''attendre''
|-
|1.uath
|je parler'''ai'''
|je choisir'''ai'''
|j'attendr'''ai'''
|-
|2. uath.
|tu parler'''as'''
|tu choisir'''as'''
|tu attendr'''as'''
|-
|3. uath
|elle parler'''a'''
|elle choisir'''a'''
|elle attendr'''a'''
|-
|1.iol
|nous parler'''ons'''
|nous choisir'''ons'''
|nous attendr'''ons'''
|-
|2. iol
|vous parler'''ez'''
|vous choisir'''ez'''
|vous attendr'''ez'''
|-
|3. iol
|ils parler'''ont'''
|ils choisir'''ont'''
|ils attendr'''ont'''
|}
Tá le cur faoi dheara, don aimsir seo, nach bhfuil ort an deireadh -'''er''', -'''ir''' nó -'''re''' a chur ar ceal roimh an deireadh nua a chur ar an mbriathar.

==== An Aimsir Ghar-Fháistineach ====
Is féidir freisin an aimsir ghar-fháistineach a úsáid, go ginearálta do rudaí atá chun tarlú le gairid. Tá sí cosúil leis an nGaeilge 'bheith chun rud a dhéanamh'; sa Fhraincis, úsáidtear an briathar 'aller' ('téigh'), amhlaidh déarfaí ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'tá mé chun úll a ithe' 'je vais manger une pomme''' (go litríocht, 'téim úll a ithe').
''&lt;nowiki/&gt;&lt;nowiki/&gt;''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Pearsa
!An Ghar-Fhaistineach
|-
|1.uath
|je '''vais''' manger
|-
|2. uath.
|tu '''vas''' manger
|-
|3. uath
|elle '''va''' manger
|-
|1.iol
|nous '''allons''' manger
|-
|2. iol
|vous '''allez''' manger
|-
|3. iol
|ils '''vont''' manger
|}

==== An Modh Coinníollach ====
Tá modh coinníollach sa Fhraincis, ach go hiondúil ní an fhoirm seo a úsáidtear le modh coinníollach na Gaeilge a aistriú. Úsáidtear an fhoirm seo le haghaidh an dara cuid d'fhrasa 'dá' a aistriú:

''Si je tombais, je '''mangerais''' une pomme.''

''Dá dtitinn, '''ithinn''' úll.''

Seo hiad a foirmeacha:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Pearsa
!-ER, m.s. ''parler'''
!-IR, m.s. ''choisir'''
!-RE, m.s. ''attendre'''
|-
|1.uath
|je parler'''ais'''
|je choisir'''ais'''
|j'attendr'''ais'''
|-
|2. uath.
|tu parler'''ais'''
|tu choisir'''ais'''
|tu attendr'''ais'''
|-
|3. uath
|elle parler'''ait'''
|elle choisir'''ait'''
|elle attendr'''ait'''
|-
|1.iol
|nous parler'''ions'''
|nous choisir'''ions'''
|nous attendr'''ions'''
|-
|2. iol
|vous parler'''iez'''
|vous choisir'''iez'''
|vous attendr'''iez'''
|-
|3. iol
|ils parler'''aient'''
|ils choisir'''aient'''
|ils attendr'''aient'''
|}
Uair arís, don mhodh seo níl ort an deireadh -'''er''', -'''ir''' nó -'''re''' a chur ar ceal roimh an deireadh nua a chur ar an mbriathar.

==== An Modh Foshuiteach ====
Mar atá sa Ghaeilge, tá modh foshuiteach san Fhraincis. Úsáidtear é sna háiteanna céanna mar a úsáidtear é sa Ghaeilge ''(Go '''dté''' tú slán = Que tu '''ailles''' bien; Sula n-'''ithe''' tú an t-úll sin = Avant que tu '''manges''' cette pomme-là)'', ach úsáidtear é níos minice in áiteanna ina n-úsáidtear an modh coinníollach sa Ghaeilge: le haghaidh rudaí ar hipitéiseach iad:

''Ba mhaith liom go '''rachfá''' ar scoile = J'aimerais que tu '''ailles''' a l'école''

''Tá mé faoi eagla go n-'''íosfadh''' úll mé = J'ai peur qu'une pomme me '''mange'''''

Úsáidtear an modh foshuiteach in áiteanna fiú ina nach bhfuil sé coitianta an modh coinníollach a úsáid sa Ghaeilge:

''Tá uaim duine atá (''nó: ''a '''bheadh''') cairdiúil agus cineálta = J'ai besoin de quelqu'un qui '''soit''' amical et gentil''

Seo hiad a foirmeacha ''−'' tabhair faoi dheara go bhfuil a lán deireadh go céanna leis an aimsir láithreach nó leis an aimsir ghnáthchaite:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Pearsa
!-ER, m.s. ''parler''
!-IR, m.s. ''choisir''
!-RE, m.s. ''attendre''
|-
|1.uath
|je parle
|je choisisse
|j'attende
|-
|2. uath.
|tu parles
|tu choisisses
|tu attendes
|-
|3. uath
|elle parle
|elle choisisse
|elle attende
|-
|1.iol
|nous parlions
|nous choisissions
|nous attendions
|-
|2. iol
|vous parliez
|vous choisissiez
|vous attendiez
|-
|3. iol
|ils parlent
|ils choisissent
|ils attendent
|}

==== Briathra Neamhrialta ====
Tá freisin méid tábhachtach briathra neamhrialta - briathra nach leanas iomlán na rialta réimnithe seo thuas. Ar [https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Annexe:Conjugaison_en_français/Troisième_groupe liosta Wiktionnaire na mbriathra seo], tá 475 iontráil, cé go bhfuil na briathra ''-re'', a meastar gur patrún rialta iad san alt Vicipéid seo, freisin ar an liosta. I bhfírinne, is féidir an chuid is mó de na briathra neamhrialta seo a ghrúpáil le chéile i ngrúpaí a leanas na rialta céanna; mar sin, ní hé go bhfuil ar an bhfoghlaimeoir na céadta briathra neamhrialta a fhoghlaim ceann amháin faoi cheann amháin.

=== Forainmneacha ===
Tá seacht gcineál forainm phearsanta sa Fhraincis (cé nach ró-dhian an sainmhíniú seo). Seo hiad a leanas na seacht gcineál seo:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Sujet
!Ainmní
! rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |
!Objet Directe
!Cuspóir Díreach
! rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |
!Objet Indirecte
!Cuspóir Neamhdhíreach
! rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |
!Pronom Disjoint
!Forainm Dícheangailte
|-
|'''je''' mange
|ith'''im'''
|tu '''me''' manges
|itheann tú '''mé'''
|tu '''me''' parles
tu '''me''' donnes
|labhraíonn tú '''liom'''
tugann tú '''dom'''
|tu vas avec '''moi'''
|téann tú liom (lit. 'le '''mé'''&lt;nowiki/&gt;')
|-
|'''tu''' manges
|itheann '''tú'''
|je '''te''' mange
|ithim '''thú'''
|je '''te''' parle
je '''te''' donne
|labhraím '''leat'''
tugaim '''duit'''
|je vais avec '''toi'''
|téim leat (le '''thú''')
|-
|'''elle''' mange
|itheann '''sí'''
|il '''la''' mange
|itheann sé '''í'''
|il '''lui''' parle
il '''lui''' donne
|labhraíonn sé '''léi'''
tugann sé '''di'''
|il va avec '''elle'''
|téann sé léi (le '''í''')
|-
|'''il''' mange
|itheann '''sé'''
|elle '''le''' mange
|itheann sí '''é'''
|elle '''lui''' parle
elle '''lui''' donne
|labhraíonn sí '''leis'''
tugann sí '''dó'''
|elle va avec '''lui'''
|téann sí leis (le '''é''')
|-
|'''nous''' mangeons
|ith'''imid'''
|vous '''nous''' mangez
|itheann sibh '''muid'''
|vous '''nous''' parlez
vous '''nous''' donnez
|labhraíonn sibh '''linn'''
tugann sibh '''dúinn'''
|vous allez avec '''nous'''
|téann sibh linn (le '''muid''')
|-
|'''vous''' mangez
|itheann '''sibh'''
|nous '''vous''' mangeons
|ithimid '''sibh'''
|nous '''vous''' parlons
nous '''vous''' donnons
|labhraímid '''libh'''
tugaimid '''daoibh'''
|nous allons avec '''vous'''
|téimid libh (le '''sibh''')
|-
|'''elles''' mangent
|itheann '''siad (bain.)'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |je '''les''' mange
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |ithim '''iad'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |je '''leur''' parle
je '''leur''' donne
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |labhraím '''leo'''
tugaim '''dóibh'''
|je vais avec '''elles'''
|téim leo (le '''iad''') (bain.)
|-
|'''ils''' mangent
|itheann '''siad (fir.)'''
|je vais avec '''eux'''
|téim leo (le '''iad''') (fir.)
|-
|'''on''' mange
|i'''tear''' / ith'''imid'''
| -
| -
| - 
| -
| -
| -
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!'Adjectif Possessif'
!
! rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |
!'Nom Possessif'
!
! rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |
!Pronom Réfléchi
!
|-
|'''mon''' stylo
'''ma''' vache

'''mes''' pommes
|'''mo''' pheann (f.)
'''mo''' bhó (b.)

'''m'''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'úlla (iol.)


|c'est '''le mien'''
c'est '''la mienne'''

ce sont '''les miens'''

ce sont '''les miennes'''
|is '''an ceann is liomsa''' é
is '''an ceann is liomsa''' í

is '''na cinn is liomsa''' iad (f.)

is '''na cinn is liomsa''' iad (b.)
|je '''me''' lave
|ním '''mé féin'''
|-
|'''ton''' stylo
'''ta''' vache

'''tes''' pommes
|'''do''' pheann
'''do''' bhó

'''d'''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'úlla


|c'est '''le tien'''
c'est '''la tienne'''

ce sont '''les tiens'''

ce sont '''les tiennes'''
|is '''an ceann is leatsa''' é
is '''an ceann is leatsa''' í

is '''na cinn is leatsa''' iad

is '''na cinn is leatsa''' iad
|tu '''te''' laves
|níonn tú '''thú féin'''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''son''' stylo
'''sa''' vache

'''ses''' pommes
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''a''' p(h)eann
'''a''' b(h)ó

'''a''' (h)úlla
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |c'est '''le sien'''
c'est '''la sienne'''

ce sont '''les siens'''

ce sont '''les siennes'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |is '''an ceann is léi/leis''' é
is '''an ceann is léi/leis''' í

is '''na cinn is léi/leis''' iad

is '''na cinn is léi/leis''' iad
|elle '''se''' lave
|níonn sí '''í féin'''
|-
|il '''se''' lave
|níonn sé '''é féin'''
|-
|'''notre''' stylo
'''nos''' pommes
|'''ár''' bpeann (f. ''nó'' b.)
'''ár''' n-úlla
|c'est '''le/la nôtre'''
ce sont '''les''' '''nôtres'''
|is '''an ceann is linne''' é/í
is '''na cinn is linne''' iad
|nous '''nous''' lavons
|nímid '''muid féin'''
|-
|'''votre''' stylo
'''vos''' pommes
|'''bhur''' bpeann
'''bhur''' n-úlla
|c'est '''le/la vôtre'''
ce sont '''les vôtres'''
|is '''an ceann is libhse''' é/í
is '''na cinn is libhse''' iad
|vous '''vous''' lavez
|níonn sibh '''sibh féin'''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''leur''' stylo
'''leurs''' pommes
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''a''' bpeann
'''a''' n-úlla
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |c'est '''le/la leur'''
ce sont '''les leurs'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |is '''an ceann is leo''' é/í
is '''na cinn is leo''' iad
|elles '''se''' lavent
|níonn siad '''iad féin'''
|-
|ils '''se''' lavent
|níonn siad '''iad féin'''
|}

==== Forainmneacha Ainmneacha ====
Úsáidtear an forainm ainmneach le hainmní an bhriathair ''−'' an duine nó an rud atá &lt;u&gt;ag déanamh&lt;/u&gt; ruda ''−'' a thaispeáint. Sa Fhraincis, tá focal ar leith ar son gach pearsa, le feiceáil sa tábla thuas. Tá an focal ''on'' le nótáil go háirithe; tá dhá bhrí aige: an chéad cheann ionann leis an mbriathar neamhphearsanta sa Ghaeilge ''−'' mar sin, is ionann ''on dit qu'il y a une pomme dans l'arbre'' agus ''deirtear go bhfuil úll sa chrann'' ''−'' agus an dara ceann ionann le ''nous'', nó ''muid/-mid'' sa Ghaeilge ''−'' mar sin, ''on est en route'' agus ''tá muid faoi bhealach''. Níl aon ainmfhocal cuspóireach a bheadh ar comhbhrí leis an ainmfhocal ainmneach ''on''.

==== Forainmneacha Cuspóra Dírigh ====
Más 'cuspóir díreach' atá san ainmfhocal − is é sin, rud a bhfuiltear &lt;u&gt;á dhéanamh&lt;/u&gt; − úsáidtear foireann forainmneacha (le feiceáil sa tabla thuas) a thagann i ndiaidh an fhorainm, ach roimh an mbriathar. Is sampla de seo é ''tu '''me''' manges'' ('itheann tú '''mé'''') − tagann an focal ''me'' roimh an mbriathar ''manges''.

==== Forainmneacha Cuspóra Neamhdhírigh ====
Úsáidtear na cuspóirí neamhdhíreacha nuair a bhítear ag rá go bhfuil duine/rud ag déanamh ruda '''à''' duine/rud éigin − is réamhfhocal Fraincise é 'à' ar ciall dó ''do'', ''le'' nó ''ar'', go ginearálta, sa Ghaeilge. Mar shampla, má táthar ag rá ''tá an bhean ag tabhairt ceachtanna don rang'', deirtear:

''la femme donne des leçons '''à''' '''la classe'''''

agus má táthar ag rá &quot;tá an bhean ag tabhairt ceachtanna dóibh&quot;, deirtear:

''la femme '''leur''' donne des leçons''

Ar an dóigh céanna leis na cuspóirí díreacha, aistríonn an forainm go háit roimh an mbriathar. Is ionann iad na foirmeacha díreacha agus neamhdhíreacha don chéad agus don dara pearsa; is ach amháin sa tríú pearsa a bhíonn difríochtaí eatarthu. Tá a bhfoirmeacha-sa féin freisin sa tábla thuas.

==== Forainmneacha Neamhcheangailte ====
Má táthar ag úsáid forainm in éindí le réamhfhocal nach 'à' é, úsáidfear forainm neamhspleách. Tá a foirmeacha freisin sa tábla thuas: nuair atáthar ag úsáid na bhforainmneacha seo, coinnítear fós an réamhfhocal agus cuirtear an forainm ina dhiaidh (go hionann leis an mBéarla). Mar shampla:

''tu vas '''avec moi''''' = ''téann tú '''liom'''''   (Béarla: ''you go '''with me''''')

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

==Naisc sheachtracha==

{{Teangacha oifigiúla na NA}}
{{Teangacha oifigiúla an AE}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fraincis}}

[[Catagóir:An Fhraincis| ]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha Rómánsacha]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na Fraince]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na hEorpa]]
[[Catagóir:An Fhrainc]]
[[Catagóir:An Bheilg]]
[[Catagóir:Ceanada]]
[[Catagóir:An Eilvéis]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha oifigiúla na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha oifigiúla an Aontais Eorpaigh]]</text>
      <sha1>n56npnpsg1bnouc1uv1k27yn5fjm01m</sha1>
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      <text bytes="46499" sha1="l1dvumr1uichl3zkxq2058wfyptq00g" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Teanga}}

Is [[Teanga (cumarsáid)|teanga]] [[Teangacha Rómánsacha|Rómánsach]] í an '''Fhraincis''' (''français'', fuaimniú [fʁɑ̃sɛ]) a áirítear ar theangacha móra an domhain. Tá sí ó dhúchas ag 76 milliún duine,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ethnologue.com/statistics/size] Ethnologue&lt;/ref&gt; chomh maith le tuairim is 280 milliún duine a d'fhoghlaim ar scoil í. Tá pobal suaithinseach Frainciseoirí le fáil i gceithre thír is caoga ar fud an domhain, ach is í [[an Fhrainc]] an tír is líonmhaire cainteoirí dúchais, agus is ansin a tháinig an teanga ar an bhfód i dtús báire. Thairis sin, tá go leor cainteoirí i [[Québec]] i g[[Ceanada]], sa [[An Bheilg|Bheilg]], agus s[[an Eilvéis]].

As an [[An Laidin|Laidin]] a d'eascair an Fhraincis, ar nós na [[An Phortaingéilis|Portaingéisise]], na [[An Spáinnis|Spáinnise]], na h[[An Iodáilis|Iodáilise]], na [[An Chatalóinis|Catalóinise]], na Rómáinise agus na dteangacha Rómánsacha eile. Deirtear gurbh fhéidir gur tháinig Laidin chomónta na Gaille faoi anáil na Gaillise, rud a d’fhágfadh lorg ar an bhFraincis féin. Tháinig a lán focal nua isteach san Fhraincis ón teanga Gearmáinice a bhí á labhairt ag [[na Frainc]], dream a rinne ionradh ar an tír nuair a mheath cumhacht na hImpireachta Rómhánaí.&lt;ref&gt;Sampla de seo san Fhraincis (agus i dteangacha Rómánsacha eile) is ea na ceithre hairde: ''nord'', ''sud'', ''est'' agus ''ouest''.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Teanga oifigiúil í an Fhraincis in aon tír déag is fiche, agus iad ina mballstáit de chomhphobal na náisiún Fraincise, ''La Francophonie''. Tá stádas oifigiúil ag an bhFraincis sna [[Náisiúin Aontaithe]] agus ina lán eagraíochtaí idirnáisiúnta eile.

Tá an Fhraincis á saothrú mar mheán scríbhneoireachta ag a lán scríbhneoirí agus [[Fealsúnacht|fealsúna]] sa Fhrainc féin agus i dtíortha eile, agus ní háibhéil a rá go bhfuil sí ar ceann de na teangacha is tábhachtaí ó thaobh na [[litríocht]]a de. Bhí [[Jean Racine]] ar dhuine de dhrámadóirí móra an domhain sa tseachtú haois déag. Bhí [[Voltaire]] ar an gcéad fhealsamh mór de chuid na hEagnaíochta, agus chuidigh áitiú a leithéidí le réabhlóidí mhóra an 18ú haois - [[Cogadh Réabhlóideach Mheiriceá|réabhlóid Mheiriceá]] agus [[réabhlóid na Fraince]] - a chur ar siúl. Duine de mhórfhealsúna na fichiú haoise ba ea [[Jean Paul Sartre|Jean-Paul Sartre]], fear a d'fhorbair fealsúnacht an [[Eiseachas|eiseachais]]. Bhí an-tionchar ag [[Charles Baudelaire]], [[Arthur Rimbaud]] agus [[Mallarmé]] i gcúrsaí filíochta sa 19ú haois, gan trácht ar phrós-scríbhneoirí móra na linne. Scríbhneoirí suntasacha iad an Francach [[Michel Déon]] agus an Ceanadach [[Jacques Godbout]] inniu.

== Stádas na Fraincise ar fud an Domhain ==

=== An Fhraincis sa Fhrainc féin ===

De réir Bhunreacht na Fraince is í an Fhraincis an t-aon teanga oifigiúil amháin i bPoblacht na Fraince ón mbliain 1992 i leith, ach, le fírinne, tá an stádas sin aici le fada an lá. Is gnách a rá gurbh é Reacht Villers-Cotterêts thiar sa bhliain 1539 a bhronn stádas oifigiúil ar an teanga an chéad lá riamh. Roimhe sin, ba í an Laidin an teanga ab airde stádas sa Fhrainc.

Tá polasaithe oifigiúla i bhfeidhm ag an Stát leis an teanga dhúchais a chur chun cinn agus le bac a chur ar thionchar an [[An Béarla|Bhéarla]] trí théarmaí dúchasacha a sholáthar. Cuireann náisiúnachas oifigiúil na Fraince an-bhéim ar an teanga mar shiombail d'aontas na tíre, agus dá bhrí sin bíonn an scothaicme pholaitiúil, intleachtúil agus riaracháin doicheallach go leor roimh theangacha réigiúnacha na Fraince, ar nós na [[An Bhriotáinis|Briotáinise]].

[[File:Knowledge French EU map.svg|right|thumb|Eolas ar Fraincis San A.E.]]

=== An Fhraincis san Eilvéis ===

Teanga oifigiúil í an Fhraincis san [[An Eilvéis|Eilvéis]]. Tá sí ar an dara teanga is mó a labhraítear san Eilvéis, agus í ó dhúchas ag duine as cúigear.

=== An Fhraincis sa Bheilg ===

Teanga oifigiúil í an Fhraincis sa [[An Bheilg|Bheilg]] chomh maith. Tá sí ó dhúchas as 40 % de mhuintir na tíre, agus í foghlamtha go maith ag 60 % den chuid eile.

=== An Fhraincis i Monacó agus in Andóra ===

Is í an Fhraincis an t-aon teanga oifigiúil i [[Monacó]], cé go bhfuil [[an Mhonacais|teanga]] ag muintir na háite atá níos cosúla le canúint Liguria s[[an Iodáil]] ná leis an bhFraincis.

Is í an [[An Chatalóinis|Chatalóinis]] teanga oifigiúil [[Andóra]], ach is í an Fhrainc a sholáthraíonn an teagasc scoile i gcuid mhaith de scoileanna Andóra, de réir na gconarthaí idir an Fhrainc agus [[an Spáinn]] faoi dheighilt na cumhachta sa tír. An curaclam Francach agus an teanga Fhraincise atá i bhfeidhm sna scoileanna sin, rud a fhágann go bhfuil Fraincis go paiteanta ag cuid mhór de mhuintir [[Andóra]].

=== An Fhraincis san Iodáil ===

Teangacha oifigiúla iad an Fhraincis agus an Iodáilis in éineacht i nGleann Aosta in aice le teorainn na Fraince. Labhraíonn cuid mhór de mhuintir an ghleanna Franca-Phrovansáilis (nó ''Arpitan'', mar a thugann lucht a hathbheochana uirthi inniu), ach ós rud é go nglacann a lán leis an teanga seo mar chanúint Fraincise, is é dearcadh oifigiúil na hIodáile gurb í an Fhraincis chaighdeánach is fearr a fhreastalaíonn ar riachtanaisí cultúrtha na ndaoine seo.

=== An Fhraincis i Lucsamburg ===

Tá trí theanga oifigiúla i [[Lucsamburg]], mar atá, an [[An Lucsambuirgis|Lucsambuirgis]], an [[An Ghearmáinis|Ghearmáinis]] agus an Fhraincis. Is í an [[An Lucsambuirgis|Lucsambuirgis]] teanga dhúchasach na Lucsamburgach, agus is canúint de chuid na Gearmáinise í. Ós rud é go bhfuil an Ghearmáinis an-chóngarach di, cleachtar mar theanga chultúrtha í, ach is í an Fhraincis an t-aon teanga amháin a úsáidtear i gcúrsaí reachtaíochta. Ainmneacha Fraincise amháin atá ar na forais phoiblí. Is í an Ghearmáinis teanga na nuachtán ach is í an Lucsambuirgis caint na ndaoine.

=== An Fhraincis in Oileáin [[Muir nIocht|Mhuir nIocht]] ===

Bhíodh canúintí áitiúla Fraincise á labhairt in [[Geirsí |Oileán Gheirsí]] agus in [[Geansaí (oileán)|Oileán Gheansaí]] ach is fada ag géilleadh don Bhéarla iad. Tá na canúintí seo á saothrú ag lucht athbheochana, agus baintear úsáid áirithe astu mar theangacha liteartha. Maidir leis an bhFraincis chaighdeánaithe, tá cineál stádas oifigiúil aici i gcúrsaí riaracháin. Tá difríochtaí áirithe idir Fraincis chaighdeánach Gheirsí agus caighdeán na Fraince: tá cuid mhaith téarmaí dlí dá gcuid féin ag muintir an oileáin, rud a chuirfeadh i gcuimhne duit an dóigh a n-úsáidtear téarmaí dlí Albanacha i mBéarla caighdeánach na hAlban.

=== An Fhraincis in Éirinn===

Ba í an Fhraincis an dara teanga iasachta is mó labhairt mar phríomhtheanga tí in [[Éireann|Éirinn]] sa bhliain 2011. Ba í an phríomhtheanga ag 56,430 duine (1.2% de dhaonra na tíre). Ba í an ceathrú teanga is mó labhairt san iomlán. De réir suirbhé a dhein Eurobarometer sa bhliain 2006 dúirt 20% go raibh ar a gcumas comhrá a bheith acu as Fraincis.  

=== An Fhraincis i gCeanada ===

Teanga oifigiúil í an Fhraincis i [[Ceanada|gCeanada]], agus is í an t-aon teanga oifigiúil amháin i [[Québec]] ón mbliain 1974 i leith. Tá sí ó dhúchas ag ceathrar as gach cúigear i Québec féin, agus tá canúintí dá gcuid féin ag [[New Brunswick]], ag [[Ontario]], ag [[Manitoba]], ag [[Albain Nua]] agus ag [[Oileán Phrionsa Éadbhard]]. Tá stádas oifigiúil ag an bhFraincis i [[New Brunswick]], in éineacht leis an [[An Béarla|mBéarla]], agus an teanga ó dhúchas ag aon duine amháin as an triúr ansin. Maidir le hOntario, tá leathmhilliún Frainciseoirí ansin, cé nach bhfuil stádas oifigiúil ag an teanga sa stát. Tá sé mhilliún cainteoir dúchais ina gcónaí i Québec, agus breis is dhá chéad míle i New Brunswick.

Cé nach bhfuil stádas oifigiúil ag an teanga ach in dhá chúige i gCeanada, cuireann na húdaráis caol orthu seirbhísí a sholáthar sa teanga in aon áit ina bhfuil pobal substaintiúil Fraincise le fáil. Tugann an trí Chríoch Thuaidh i gCeanada, mar atá [[Yukon]], [[Nunavut]], agus Críocha an Iarthuaiscirt, aitheantas oifigiúil don Fhraincis freisin, toisc go bhfuil rialtas Cheanada féin dátheangach go hoifigiúil.

=== An Fhraincis i Háítí ===

Is í an Fhraincis an t-aon teanga oifigiúil amháin i [[Háítí|Háítí]], cé nach labhraíonn ach an uasaicme í. Is í an teanga úd ''Kreyòl'' caint na sráide. Is [[fásteanga]] í atá bunaithe ar an bhFraincis.

=== An Fhraincis sna Stáit Aontaithe ===

Cé go bhfuil an Fhraincis ar an tríú teanga is mó a labhraítear sna Stáit Aontaithe, níl stádas oifigiúil ar bith aici ansin. Tá sí ar an dara teanga is mó i [[New Hampshire]], [[Louisiana]], [[Maine]], agus [[Vermont]]. Dhá chineál Fraincis atá á labhairt i Louisiana - ''Créole'' agus ''Cajun''. Fásteanga í an teanga ''Créole'' agus í tar éis cuid mhór de ghramadach na Fraincise caighdeánaí a chailleadh faoi bhrú an [[An Béarla|Bhéarla]], na [[An Spáinnis|Spáinnise]], na dteangacha bundúchasacha agus na dteangacha Afracacha. Is iad na Gormaigh is mó a labhraíonn í.
[[File:French in the United States.png|thumb|left|Fraincis i S.A.M.. Buí,6–12% don daonra ag labhairt Fraincis sa bhaile; donn, 12–18%; Dearg, thart ar 18%. Ní chuimsithear [[Criól Fraincise]] .]]

=== An Fhraincis san Afraic ===

An chuid is mó d'Fhrainciseoirí an domhain, tá cónaí orthu san Afraic. De réir na tuairisce a d'eisigh eagraíocht idirnáisiúnta na dtíortha Fraincise (''Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie''), tá 115 mhilliún duine san Afraic a bhfuil Fraincis acu, ó dhúchas nó ón scoil. Tá cónaí orthu in aon tír déag is fiche ar fud na hilchríche.

De ghnáth caithfidh na hAfracánaigh an Fhraincis a fhoghlaim ar scoil mar theanga iasachta. In áiteanna, áfach, is féidir teacht ar chainteoirí dúchais. Tá an Fhraincis á labhairt mar theanga dhúchais timpeall ar [[Abidjan]] sa [[An Cósta Eabhair|Chósta Eabhair]] agus i [[Libreville]] sa [[An Ghabúin|Ghabúin]]. Ní féidir a rá go mbeadh aon leagan amháin den Fhraincis ann a dtabharfaí &quot;Fraincis na hAfraice&quot; air. Tá leaganacha éagsúla den teanga ann, agus iad go léir faoi anáil na dteangacha bundúchasacha áitiúla.

=== An Fhraincis san Áise ===

Bhí an Fhraincis ina teanga oifigiúil sa [[An Liobáin|Liobáin]], nuair a bhí an tír á rialú ag an bhFrainc de réir shainordú [[Conradh na Náisiún|Chonradh na Náisiún]]. Sa bhliain 1941 bhain an Liobáin amach neamhspleáchas ar an bhFrainc, agus ansin, níor bronnadh stádas oifigiúil ach ar an [[An Araibis|Araibis]]. Ina dhiaidh sin is uile, tá ardmheas ag muintir na Liobáine ar an bhFraincis i gcónaí, agus iad á foghlaim is á saothrú go dúthrachtach. 

Baintear úsáid éigin as an bhFraincis sa [[An Chambóid|Chambóid]] agus i [[Laos]]. Oidhreacht choilíneach is cúis leis, ar ndóigh. Labhraíonn cuid mhaith seandaoine i [[Vítneam]] í chomh maith, ó bhí sí á saothrú ag an scothaicme, ach rachadh sé rite leat teacht ar Fhrainciseoirí óga anois.

Tá stádas oifigiúil ag an bhFraincis i bPondicherry san [[An India|India]], an t-aon áit amháin a choinnigh na Francaigh acu féin sa tír tar éis do na Sasanaigh teacht i dtreis. Tá ''lycée'', nó meánscoil Fhrancach, ann fós. Is í an [[An Tamailis|Tamailis]] an teanga is mó atá i réim ansin, áfach.

== Stair na Fraincise ==

=== An tSean-Fhraincis ===

Tháinig an [[An Laidin|Laidin]] go dtí an Ghaill le léigiúin [[Iúil Caesar]], a d'fhorghabh an tír sna 50idí RC. Go dtí sin bhí [[Teangacha Ceilteacha|canúintí Ceilteacha]] á labhairt sa chuid ba mhó den tír, agus dealraíonn sé fosta go raibh cineál sean-Bhascaise (Acatáinis) le cloisteáil sa deisceart. Thréig na Gailligh a gcuid Ceiltise de réir a chéile, áfach, agus níor mhair ach dornán focal Ceilteach san Fhraincis. Is ainmneacha iad ar ghnéithe den tír, ar phlandaí agus ar rudaí a bhaineann le talmhaíocht agus le feirmeoireacht. Maidir leis an gcineál Laidine a d'fhoghlaim na Gailligh, áfach, níorbh í Laidin ardnósach na scothaicme í ach caint chomónta na saighdiúirí. 

B’fhéidir go bhfuil tionchar na Ceiltise le haithint ar ghramadach agus ar chomhréir na Fraincise. Is minic an cuspóir á chur in iúl i dtús abairte ar son na béime mar a dhéantar i [[An Ghaeilge|nGaeilge]] le cúnamh an chopail: '''''c'est lui''' qui parle'' = &quot;'''is eisean''' atá ag labhairt&quot;. Is ionann an modh comhairimh sa dá theanga: ''quatre-vingt'' = &quot;ceithre fichid&quot;, nó &quot;ceithre scór&quot; (ar ndóigh, chloisfeá &quot;ochtó&quot; i nGaeilge an lae inniu freisin). 
Nuair a tháinig meath ar impireacht na Róimhe, shealbhaigh na Frainc (treibh a raibh [[Teangacha Gearmáinice|teanga Gearmáinice]] acu agus í cosúil leis na canúintí ba thús don [[An Ollainnis|Ollainnis]] agus don [[An Ghearmáinis|Ghearmáinis]]) an Ghaill, agus bhunaigh siad ríocht ansin faoi cheannas [[Clóvas|Chlóvais]]. D'fhág siad a n-ainm féin ar an teanga - ''français'' - agus rinne siad dearmad dá gcuid canúintí féin. Fuair an tSean-Fhraincis a lán focal ó chaint na bhFranc, leithéid téarmaíocht chogaidh (''maréchal'' = marascal, cf. ''marskálkur'' na hÍoslainnise, ''marsk'' nó ''marskalk'' na [[An tSualainnis|Sualainnise]], ''Marschall'' na Gearmáinise), ainmneacha na ndathanna (''bleu'' &quot;gorm&quot;, cf. ''blue'' an Bhéarla, ''blau'' na Gearmáinise, ''blár'' na hÍoslainnise, ''blå'' na Sualainnise), agus a lán eile. Sampla eile is ea ''guerre'' (&quot;cogadh&quot;), arb ionann é agus ''war'' an Bhéarla (chuaigh sé in éag sna teangacha Gearmáinice eile, áfach - ''styrjöld'' a deirtear as Íoslainnis inniu, ''Krieg'' an focal Gearmáinise, ''oorlog'' a deir na hOllannaigh). Tá gaol idir ''choisir'' (&quot;togh, roghnaigh&quot;) agus ''choose'' an Bhéarla nó ''er'''kiesen''''' na Gearmáinise.

Breacadh an Fhraincis, nó canúint a bhí gaolmhar léi, síos den chéad uair i móidí [[Strasbourg]] sa bhliain 842, nuair a tháinig Laoiseach Gearmánach, a bhí ag rialú na leithe thoir de Ríocht na bhFranc, agus [[Séarlas Maol]], rí an Iarthair, le chéile i Strasbourg. Is minic a shíltear gurbh é sin an chéad chonradh síochána a shínigh an Ghearmáin agus an Fhrainc le chéile. Seo é an leagan Fraincise - más féidir Fraincis a thabhairt uirthi - den mhóid a mhionnaigh Laoiseach:
:''Pro Deo amur et pro Christian poblo et nostro commun salvament, d'ist di in avant, in quant Deus savir et podir me dunat, si salvarai eo cist meon fradre Karlo et in ajudha et in cadhuna cosa, si cum om per dreit son fradra salvar dift, in o quid il me altresi fazet, et ab Ludher nul plaid numquam prindrai, qui, meon vol, cist meon fradre Karle in damno sit.''
:&quot;De ghrá Dé, ar son na Críostaíochta agus ar son shlánú na beirte againn, ón lá seo i leith, de réir mar a thabharfaidh Dia ciall agus cumhacht dom, beidh mé ag cosaint Shéarlais, an deartháir seo agam, ag tabhairt fortachta agus gach sórt tacaíochta dó, mar is cuí don deartháir cabhrú lena dheartháir, ionas go mbeidh sé ábalta an tacaíocht chéanna a thabhairt dom féin, agus ní shocróidh mé conradh choíche le Lothar [an tríú deartháir, agus Séarlas is Laoiseach ag cur ina choinne] a dhéanfadh dochar don deartháir seo agam, Séarlas.&quot;
I ndiaidh na móide seo, thosaigh an tSean-Fhraincis ag fás agus ag forbairt de réir a chéile. Ba iad na ''chansons de geste'' a rinne teanga liteartha di: laoithe eipiciúla laochais a rinne cur síos ar eachtraí na [[Crosáidí|gCrosáidí]], mar shampla.

=== An Mheán-Fhraincis ===

Glactar leis gur tháinig deireadh leis an tSean-Fhraincis sa tríú haois déag. Is gnách Meán-Fhraincis a thabhairt ar an gcéad chéim eile i stair na Fraincise. Ba í sin an teanga chaighdeánach ar bronnadh stádas oifigiúil uirthi nuair a d'achtaigh an Rí Proinsias a hAon an reacht atá ainmnithe as Villers-Cotterêts thiar sa bhliain 1539. I gceann aon bhliain déag foilsíodh an chéad ghraiméar caighdeánach, ''Tretté de la Grammaire française'' (&quot;Tráchtas faoi ghramadach na Fraincise&quot;). Louis Magret a scríobh é.

=== An Nua-Fhraincis ===

Sa seachtú haois déag, bhí an Fhraincis chaighdeánach chomh cosúil le teanga oilte an lae inniu agus go bhfuil cuid de na teangeolaithe sásta Nua-Fhraincis nó Fraincis Nua-aimseartha a thabhairt uirthi. Is féidir Fraincis Chlasaiceach a thabhairt uirthi freisin - an cineál Fraincise a bhí á shaothrú ag scríbhneoirí na seachtú is na hochtú haoise déag. Sa seachtú haois déag a bhunaigh an Cairdinéal Richelieu Acadamh na Fraincise leis an teanga a phleanáil. Bhí an Fhraincis á saothrú taobh amuigh den Fhrainc agus í ina gnáth-theanga ag uaisle na [[An Ghearmáin|Gearmáine]] agus na [[An Rúis|Rúise]]. Gach aon duine a rinne staidéar ar stair na Gearmáinise chuala sé trácht ar an litir a scríobh Voltaire sa bhliain 1750, agus é ar cuairt i gcúirt ríoga na [[An Phrúis|Prúise]]: &quot;San Fhrainc atá mé anseo. Tá gach duine ag labhairt ár dteanga féin, agus an Ghearmáinis fágtha ag na saighdiúirí agus ag na capaill.&quot;

D’fhódaigh an Fhraincis í féin san [[Meiriceá|Oileán Úr]] fosta, i gcoilíneacht na Nua-Fhraince a bhí ann sna blianta 1663-1763. Is éard a bhí sa choilíneacht seo oirthear [[Ceanada|Cheanada]] (na cúigí a dtugtaí &quot;Canada&quot; agus &quot;Acadie&quot; orthu as Fraincis) agus an chuid de [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Stáit Aontaithe]] an lae inniu atá suite timpeall na lochanna móra agus cois [[Abhainn Mississippi|Mississippi]] - &quot;Louisiane&quot;. Bhí na críocha seo i bhfad ní b'fhairsinge ná stát [[Louisiana]] inniu, agus cheannaigh na Stáit Aontaithe an chuid ba mhó acu ó [[Napoléon Bonaparte]] i dtús na naoú haoise déag. Ní dhearna an Fhrainc mórán míntíreachais ar chríocha Louisiana riamh, agus dá bhrí sin ní mhaireann an Fhraincis ansin ach in áiteanna. Tá an teanga i bhfad níos láidre i [[Québec|Quebec]], agus sin é an fáth a bhfuil stádas oifigiúil aici i gCeanada inniu in éineacht leis an mBéarla.

Go dtí le déanaí bhí a lán teangacha agus canúintí áitiúla á labhairt ar fud na Fraince, agus ní raibh an teanga chaighdeánach ach ag dornán beag daoine: bhí [[An Ocsatáinis|Ocsatáinis]] ag muintir an deiscirt, [[An Bhriotáinis|Briotáinis]] ([[Teangacha Ceilteacha|teanga Cheilteach]]) ag muintir na [[An Bhriotáin|Briotáine]], canúintí Gearmáinise san [[An Alsáis|Alsáis]] in aice leis an teorainn thoir, agus cineál [[Pléimeannaigh|Pléimeannaise]] nó Ollainnise cois na teorann thuaidh. D'imigh sin agus tháinig seo, áfach. Ó laethanta na [[Réabhlóid na Fraince|Réabhlóide]] anuas bhí na húdaráis ag iarraidh na teangacha réigiúnacha a dhíothú, agus thosaigh meath ag teacht orthu de réir a chéile, go háirithe nuair a d'fhoghlaim na fir go léir an teanga náisiúnta san Arm. Ar dtús níor éirigh leis na polasaithe seo ach go measartha, ach inniu is í an Fhraincis chaighdeánach an teanga is mó a labhraítear sa tír, agus na canúintí agus na teangacha mionlaigh ag lagú go tiubh téirimeach. Tá an Bhriotáinis, abair, á labhairt ag leathmhilliún duine ó dhúchas i gcónaí, ach seandaoine iad an formhór mór acu. Is díol spéise í, áfach, an athbheochan atá ar siúl i mbailte móra agus i gcathracha an réigiúin, rud a chuirfeadh rath na Gaelscolaíochta i do cheann.

Níl an Fhraincis féin faoi ghradam mar a bhí. Tháinig an Béarla faoi réim sa domhan san fhichiú haois, ach ní mór a admháil gur trí Fhraincis a dhéantar an dul chun cinn is suntasaí i gcúrsaí ardintleachta fós (ní gá ach cuimhneamh ar fhealsúna ar nós Baudrillard). San [[An Afraic|Afraic]] tá sí láidir go leor i gcónaí, agus tá draíocht chultúrtha ag baint leis an bhFraincis go fiú sa [[An Bhreatain|Bhreatain]] agus i [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Meiriceá]].
[[Íomhá:Drapeau franglais.svg|mion|Drapeau franglais]]

=== An 'franglais' ===
[[Íomhá:Les Pépites Tech-startups e-shop-tag.jpg|mion|Franglais]]
[[Íomhá:Vitrine du BHV-Paris.jpg|mion|franglais]]
Dé réir tuarascáil nua a scríobh an [[Académie française|Académie Francaise]] nó Acadamh na Fraincise sa bhliain 2022, tá an Fhraincis i mbaol mar gheall ar mhéadú mór ar úsáid an Bhéarla sa Fhrainc.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/19-feabhra-2022-gaillimh/id1525428808?i=1000551608954|teideal=‎Nuacht Mhall (Gaillimh)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge, Londain|dáta=19 Feabhra 2022|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2022-02-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.europe1.fr/societe/lacademie-francaise-tire-la-sonnette-dalarme-sur-lusage-du-franglais-4094167|teideal=L'Académie française tire la sonnette d'alarme sur l'usage du «franglais»|language=fr|work=Europe 1|dátarochtana=2022-02-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/quelle-horreur-academie-francaise-sounds-alarm-at-spread-of-english-words-q9pscqz96|teideal=Quelle horreur! Académie Française sounds alarm at spread of English words|údar=Adam Sage / .thetimes.co.uk|dáta=2022|language=en|dátarochtana=2022-02-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa tuarascáil, cáintear an méid téarmaí agus focail Bhéarla atá á n-úsáid i gcáipéisí rialtais, sa litríocht chorparáideach agus i bhfeachtais eolais don phobal. Déantar cur síos ar neart samplaí den Bhéarla á úsáid in áit na Fraincise, mar shampla, tionscnamh comhshaoil i sléibhte Auvergne faoin ainm “zero emission valley” agus an teicneolaícht nua “Easy Drive” a úsáideann comhlacht carranna Renault. Dúirt údair na tuarascála go bhfuil an úsáid sin ag cur as do chomhréir na teanga agus ag deighilt na tíre ar bhonn teangeolaíochta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
[[Íomhá:Enseignes La Rochelle.jpg|mion|franglais i La Rochelle]]

== Litriú agus fuaimniú na Fraincise ==

Leis an [[aibítir Laidineach]] a scríobhtar an Fhraincis. Úsáidtear comharthaí idirdhealaitheacha áirithe: an agúid nó ''accent aigu'', atá cosúil le síneadh fada na Gaeilge (é), an ghraif nó ''accent grave'', atá cosúil le síneadh fada [[Gaeilge na hAlban|Ghaeilge na hAlban]] (à, ù), an cuairín nó ''accent circonflexe'' (ê), an déiréis nó an t-idirphonc atá cosúil leis an umlabht (ë, ï), agus an straithín nó ''cédille'' a chrochtar den c (ç). Thairis sin, úsáidtear dhá nasclitir - an t-''æ'' agus an t-''œ''. 

Tríd is tríd, tá ceartlitriú na Fraincise sách deacair ag an gcainteoir dúchais féin, nó tá sé bunaithe ar fhuaimniú na teanga mar a bhí sé na cianta cairbreacha ó sin. Nuair a caighdeánaíodh an litriú, is minic a tugadh isteach litreacha stairiúla nach raibh bunús ar bith acu i bhfuaimniú na teanga. Mar shampla, bhí an focal ''doigt'' (&quot;méar&quot;) á scríobh gan ''-g-'' i ré na Meán-Fhraincise, ach nuair a caighdeánaíodh an Nua-Fhraincis tugadh an ''-g-'' isteach arís, ós rud é gurb é an focal [[An Laidin|Laidine]] ''digitus'' is tús dó. Tá sé díreach cosúil leis an dóigh a scríobhtar ''debt'' (&quot;fiacha&quot;) sa [[An Béarla|Bhéarla]] inniu, cé nach bhfuil a dhath fágtha den ''b'' sin san fhuaimniú: fuair an Béarla an focal ar iasacht ón bhFraincis agus an ''b'' sin imithe le fada, ach nuair a cruthaíodh ceartlitriú nua-aimseartha an Bhéarla, tháinig an ''b'' ar ais, ó bhí a fhios ag ligeadóirí agus casadóirí an chaighdeáin gurbh é an focal Laidine ''debitum'' a bhí ann i dtús báire.

Ní síneadh fada í an agúid san Fhraincis. Úsáidtear an comhartha seo os cionn na litreach ''e'' le taispeáint go bhfuaimnítear mar [e] é. I dtús an fhocail, is guta próistéiteach é go minic. Is é is brí le guta próistéiteach ná guta a cuireadh roimh chonsan ar leith i dtús an fhocail - agus, sa chás seo, mhair an guta próistéiteach i ndiaidh don chonsan imeacht. Sampla den é- próistéiteach é an focal ''écouter'' &quot;éisteacht, cloisteáil&quot;. ''Escouter'' an fhoirm a bhí ann ar dtús, rud is féidir a aithint ar an mbriathar gaolmhar [[An Spáinnis|Spáinnise]] fosta - ''escuchar''.

Má úsáidtear an ghraif os cionn na litreach &quot;e&quot;, ciallaíonn sé go bhfuil an guta seo níos cosúla le &quot;ä&quot; na [[An Ghearmáinis|Gearmáinise]] san fhuaimniú. An ghraif a chuirtear os cionn na ngutaí eile, níl ann go bunúsach ach idirdhealán le focail aon fhuaime a aithint thar a chéile, cf ''ou'' &quot;nó&quot; agus ''où'' &quot;cén áit&quot;, mar shampla.

Maidir leis an gcuairín, athraíonn sé fuaimniú an ghuta beagáinín freisin, ach de ghnáth, tugann sé le fios gur ligeadh -s- nó guta éigin ar lár: ''sûr'' &lt; ''seur'', mar shampla, nó ''maître'' &lt; ''maistre''. 

==Gramadach==

=== Ainmfhocail ===

==== Tuisil Ainmfhocail ====
Níl ach tuiseal ainmfhocail amháin sa Fhraincis: le [[Gramadach na Gaeilge|tuiseal ginideach na Gaeilge]] a aistriú, úsáidtear an réamhfhocal ''de'', cosúil le ''de'' sa Ghaeilge. Dá bhrí sin, más mian leat ''cluasa na ba'' a rá, deir tú ''les oreilles de la vache'' – focal le focal, &quot;na cluasa de an bhó&quot;. Is féidir smaoineamh ar an difríocht seo trí mheán [[An Béarla|an Bhéarla]]: sa Bhéarla, is féidir ''the cow's ears'' a rá, leis an struchtúr céanna mar atá sa Ghaeilge, nó is féidir ''the ears of the cow'' a rá, ar an dóigh chéanna mar a deirtear san Fhraincis. Taispeántar é seo sa tabla thíos:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!An Fhraincis
!An Ghaeilge
!An Béarla
|-
|les oreilles de la vache
|cluasa na ba
|the cow's ears ''nó'' the ears of the cow
|-
|les oreilles de vache
|na cluasa ba
|the cow ears
|-
|des oreilles de vache
|cluasa ba
|cow ears
|}

Níl aon tuiseal gairmeach nó tabhartach sa Fhraincis ach an oiread: mar atá sa Bhéarla, níl aon difríocht ghramadúil idir abairt ina cuirtear glaoch ar dhuine (&quot;''a Sheáin, cuir an bosca ar an mbord!&quot;'' = ''&quot;Jean, pose la boîte sur le table!''&quot;) agus abairtí eile ('''Chuir Seán an bosca ar an mbord' = 'Jean a posé la boîte sur le table''.')

[[Íomhá:Dictionnaire de l'Académie française.jpg|mion|Foclóir, Académie française, 1768]]

==== Ailt ====

Cosúil leis an nGaeilge, tá dhá inscne ghramadúil sa Fhraincis: baininscneacht agus firinscneacht. Baineann an inscne leis an alt ar nósanna difriúla ná mar a bhaineann sa Ghaeilge, áfach: i nGaeilge, ní úsáidtear an t-alt baininscneach ach sa tuiseal ginideach. Ní mhaireann an tuiseal ginideach i bhFraincis, agus sa teanga sin, má bhíonn alt roimh ainmfhocal uatha baininscneach, beidh san fhoirm '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''la''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' a nochtaidh sé, agus vice versa leis an leagan firinscneach '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''le''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', a thagann roimh na hainmfhocail fhirinscneacha. Tá alt iolra, fosta, '''les''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', nach n-aithríonn de réir na hinscne.

Chomh maith leis an alt cinnte (mar atá sa Ghaeilge), tá freisin an t-alt éiginnte, rud nach bhfuil sa Ghaeilge, ach atá sa Bhéarla (an focal ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'a'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'' san abairt ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'I ate a horse'&lt;nowiki/&gt;''. Tá dhá fhoirm den alt éiginnte sa Fhraincis, mar atá: '''un''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', an leagan firinscneach, agus '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''une''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', leagan baininscneach. Le cois sin, úsaidtear an nod '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''des''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' (as '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''de'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'' agus an t-alt iolra '''les''') mar alt iolra éiginnte.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Cinnte
!Éiginnte
!Aistriúchán leis an t-alt cinnte
!Aistriúchán leis an t-alt éiginnte
|-
|Je mange la fenêtre
|Je mange une fenêtre
|Ithim an fhuinneog
|Ithim fuinneog
|-
|Je mange le cheval
|Je mange un cheval
|Ithim an capall
|Ithim capall
|-
|Je mange les fenêtres
|Je mange des fenêtres
|Ithim na fuinneoga
|Ithim fuinneoga
|}

Nuair a bhíonn ainmfhocal uatha a thosaíonn le guta agus alt cinnte le chéile, bánn an t-alt agus an t-ainmfhocal le chéile: dá bhrí sin, ''an damhán alla = l'araignée = la + araignée''.

Leis an iolra a thaispeáint, cuirtear i gcónaí beagnach ''s'' ag deireadh an ainmfhocail scriofa, ach ní fhuaimnítear é mura dtosaíonn an chéad focal eile le guta. Go hiondúil, is leor na hailt 'les' agus 'des' le taispeáint gur iolra atá ann nuair a bhítear ag caint.

=== Briathra ===
Tá trí aimsir briathra simplí (déanta d'aon fhocal amháin) sa Fhraincis, chomh maith le cuid mhaith aimsirí coimpléascach (déanta de dhá fhocal nó níos mó). Tá freisin ceithre mhodh ar éagsúil go gramadúil iad. Liosta díobh seo a leanas:

====  An tInfinideach  ====
Modh briathair nach bhfuil i láthair sa Ghaeilge é an infinideach (cé go bhfuil sé sa Bhéarla). Tá sé an-chosúil leis an ''ainm briathartha'' sa Ghaeilge: más mian ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'is maith liom úlla &lt;u&gt;a ithe&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' a rá as Fraincis, deirtear '''j'aime &lt;u&gt;manger&lt;/u&gt; des pommes''' (nó, sa Bhéarla, '''I like &lt;u&gt;to eat&lt;/u&gt; apples''&lt;nowiki/&gt;')''. ''Go neamhchosúil le hainm briathartha na Gaeilge, is é an t-infinideach (agus ní an modh ordaitheach, 'ith') a úsáidtear mar bhun leis na briathra a chur ina bhfoirmeacha eile. Sa Fhraincis, críochnaíonn gach infinideach le ceann amháin de thrí dheireadh: -er, -ir, nó -re.

==== An Aimsir Láithreach ====
Úsáidtear an aimsir láithreach ar an nós céanna mar a úsáidtear an dá aimsir láithreach sa Ghaeilge: deirtear '&lt;u&gt;''Je'' ''mange''&lt;/u&gt; ''une pomme''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' in áit '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''&lt;u&gt;Ithim&lt;/u&gt; úll''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' agus freisin in áit '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''&lt;u&gt;Táim ag ithe&lt;/u&gt;'' ''úill'''. Tá trí phatrún réimnithe ag na briathra Fraincise − de réir cineál deiridh an infinidigh − agus leis an aimsir láithreach a chruthú, cuirtear an deireadh seo ar ceal agus cuirtear na deiridh eile seo thíos ina áit:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Pearsa
!Infinideach -ER, m.s. ''parler''
!-IR, m.s. ''choisir''
!-RE, m.s. ''attendre''
|-
|1ú uath.
|je parl'''e'''
|je chois'''is'''
|j'attend'''s'''
|-
|2ú uath.
|tu parl'''es'''
|tu chois'''is'''
|tu attend'''s'''
|-
|3ú uath.
|elle parl'''e'''
|elle chois'''it'''
|elle attend
|-
|1ú iol.
|nous parl'''ons'''
|nous chois'''issons'''
|nous attend'''ons'''
|-
|2ú iol.
|vous parl'''ez'''
|vous chois'''issez'''
|vous attend'''ez'''
|-
|3ú iol.
|ils parl'''ent'''
|ils chois'''issent'''
|ils attend'''ent'''
|}
Mar shampla, is ionann ''parler'' agus ''labhairt''. Le ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'labhraím'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'' a rá, deirtear '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''je parle'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'' − leis an deireadh ''-'''''er''' curtha ar ceal, agus an deireadh nua '''e''' curtha ina áit.

==== An Aimsir Chaite (Passé Composé) ====
Sa Fhraincis, déantar an aimsir chaite de dhá fhocal le chéile: briathar cúnta (.i. ''avoir'' nó ''être'') agus an ''participe passé'', nó an rangabháil chaite (m.sh. ''J'ai fait'' [= Dhein mé] nó ''Je suis allé'' [= Chuaigh mé]). Tá ''participe passé'' na Fraincise cosúil le haidiacht bhriathartha na Gaeilge (mar shampla, ''ite'' don bhriathar ''ith''), agus ar ionann é le ''past participle'' an Bhéarla (mar shampla, ''eaten'' don bhriathar ''to eat''). Amhlaidh, le ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'d'ith mé'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'' a rá as Fraincis, déarfaí ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'j'ai mangé'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'', go litriúil '''I have eaten'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'' sa Bhéarla (''je'' = ''I'', ''ai'' = ''have'', ''mangé'' = ''eaten''). Go neamhchosúil leis an mBéarla, áfach, úsáidtear an fhoirm seo fiú nuair nach ndéarfaí é sa Bhéarla: amhlaidh, aistreofaí''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'D'ith mé ceapaire inné'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'' mar '''Hier j'ai mangé un sandwich''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', cé nach féidir ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'I have eaten a sandwich yesterday''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' a rá sa Bhéarla. Tá na foirmeacha éagsúla den aimsir seo sa tábla a leanas:

''&lt;nowiki/&gt;&lt;nowiki/&gt;&lt;nowiki/&gt;&lt;nowiki/&gt;''&lt;nowiki/&gt;&lt;nowiki/&gt;&lt;nowiki/&gt;&lt;nowiki/&gt;&lt;nowiki/&gt;&lt;nowiki/&gt;''&lt;nowiki/&gt;''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Pearsa
!-ER, m.s. ''manger''
!-IR, m.s. ''choisir''
!-RE, m.s. ''attendre''
|-
|1.uath
|j''''ai''' mang'''é'''
|j'ai chois'''i'''
|j'ai attend'''u'''
|-
|2. uath.
|tu '''as''' mang'''é'''
|tu as chois'''i'''
|tu as attend'''u'''
|-
|3. uath
|elle '''a''' mang'''é'''
|elle a chois'''i'''
|elle a attend'''u'''
|-
|1.iol
|nous '''avons''' mang'''é'''
|nous avons chois'''i'''
|nous avons attend'''u'''
|-
|2. iol
|vous '''avez''' mang'''é'''
|vous avez chois'''i'''
|vous avons attend'''u'''
|-
|3. iol
|ils '''ont''' mang'''é'''
|ils ont chois'''i'''
|ils ont attend'''u'''
|}

==== An Aimsir Ghnáthchaite (Passé Imparfait) ====
Uair arís, úsáidtear an aimsir ghnáthchaite sa Fhraincis go cosúil mar sa Ghaeilge. I ngach cás ina n-úsáidfí an ghnáthchaite sa Ghaeilge, úsáidtear í sa Fhraincis; amhlaidh deirtear ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'&lt;u&gt;Labhraínn&lt;/u&gt; le mo chuid bréagán nuair a bhí mé óg' '&lt;u&gt;Je parlais&lt;/u&gt; avec mes jouets quand j'étais jeune''' (ní an ''passé composé'', ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'j'ai parlé...'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'', atá i gceist). Áfach, úsáidtear an fhoirm seo freisin leis an modh coinníollach Gaeilge a aistriú ag barr frásaí a thosaíos le 'dá' as Gaeilge:

''Si je '''tombais''', je mangerais une pomme.''

''Dá '''dtitinn''', ithinn úll.''

Sa Ghaeilge, is sa mhodh coinníollach atá 'titinn', ach sa Fhraincis, is sa ghnáthchaithe atá 'tombais'. Sa fhrása seo, tá 'ithinn' freisin sa mhodh coinníollach, ach san áit seo úsáidtear an coinníollach fosta sa Fhraincis. Is ionann é seo agus an chomhréir Béarla: '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''If I &lt;u&gt;fell&lt;/u&gt;, I would eat an apple''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' (ní '''If I &lt;u&gt;would fall&lt;/u&gt;...''&lt;nowiki/&gt;').

Seo hiad a leanas foirmeacha na haimsire seo:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Pearsa
!-ER, m.s. ''parler''
!-IR, m.s. ''choisir''
!-RE, m.s. ''attendre''
|-
|1.uath
|je parl'''ais'''
|je chois'''issais'''
|j'attend'''ais'''
|-
|2. uath.
|tu parl'''ais'''
|tu chois'''issais'''
|tu attend'''ais'''
|-
|3. uath
|elle parl'''ait'''
|elle chois'''issais'''
|elle attend'''ait'''
|-
|1.iol
|nous parl'''ions'''
|nous chois'''issions'''
|nous attend'''ions'''
|-
|2. iol
|vous parl'''iez'''
|vous chois'''issiez'''
|vous attend'''iez'''
|-
|3. iol
|ils parl'''aient'''
|ils chois'''issaient'''
|ils attend'''aient'''
|}

==== An Aimsir Fháistineach Simplí ====
Is féidir aimsir fháistineach simplí na Fraincise a úsáid beagnach go hionann le haimsir fháistineach na Gaeilge. Seo hiad a réimnithe:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Pearsa
!-ER, m.s. ''parler''
!-IR, m.s. ''choisir''
!-RE, m.s. ''attendre''
|-
|1.uath
|je parler'''ai'''
|je choisir'''ai'''
|j'attendr'''ai'''
|-
|2. uath.
|tu parler'''as'''
|tu choisir'''as'''
|tu attendr'''as'''
|-
|3. uath
|elle parler'''a'''
|elle choisir'''a'''
|elle attendr'''a'''
|-
|1.iol
|nous parler'''ons'''
|nous choisir'''ons'''
|nous attendr'''ons'''
|-
|2. iol
|vous parler'''ez'''
|vous choisir'''ez'''
|vous attendr'''ez'''
|-
|3. iol
|ils parler'''ont'''
|ils choisir'''ont'''
|ils attendr'''ont'''
|}
Tá le cur faoi dheara, don aimsir seo, nach bhfuil ort an deireadh -'''er''', -'''ir''' nó -'''re''' a chur ar ceal roimh an deireadh nua a chur ar an mbriathar.

==== An Aimsir Ghar-Fháistineach ====
Is féidir freisin an aimsir ghar-fháistineach a úsáid, go ginearálta do rudaí atá chun tarlú le gairid. Tá sí cosúil leis an nGaeilge 'bheith chun rud a dhéanamh'; sa Fhraincis, úsáidtear an briathar 'aller' ('téigh'), amhlaidh déarfaí ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'tá mé chun úll a ithe' 'je vais manger une pomme''' (go litríocht, 'téim úll a ithe').
''&lt;nowiki/&gt;&lt;nowiki/&gt;''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Pearsa
!An Ghar-Fhaistineach
|-
|1.uath
|je '''vais''' manger
|-
|2. uath.
|tu '''vas''' manger
|-
|3. uath
|elle '''va''' manger
|-
|1.iol
|nous '''allons''' manger
|-
|2. iol
|vous '''allez''' manger
|-
|3. iol
|ils '''vont''' manger
|}

==== An Modh Coinníollach ====
Tá modh coinníollach sa Fhraincis, ach go hiondúil ní an fhoirm seo a úsáidtear le modh coinníollach na Gaeilge a aistriú. Úsáidtear an fhoirm seo le haghaidh an dara cuid d'fhrasa 'dá' a aistriú:

''Si je tombais, je '''mangerais''' une pomme.''

''Dá dtitinn, '''ithinn''' úll.''

Seo hiad a foirmeacha:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Pearsa
!-ER, m.s. ''parler'''
!-IR, m.s. ''choisir'''
!-RE, m.s. ''attendre'''
|-
|1.uath
|je parler'''ais'''
|je choisir'''ais'''
|j'attendr'''ais'''
|-
|2. uath.
|tu parler'''ais'''
|tu choisir'''ais'''
|tu attendr'''ais'''
|-
|3. uath
|elle parler'''ait'''
|elle choisir'''ait'''
|elle attendr'''ait'''
|-
|1.iol
|nous parler'''ions'''
|nous choisir'''ions'''
|nous attendr'''ions'''
|-
|2. iol
|vous parler'''iez'''
|vous choisir'''iez'''
|vous attendr'''iez'''
|-
|3. iol
|ils parler'''aient'''
|ils choisir'''aient'''
|ils attendr'''aient'''
|}
Uair arís, don mhodh seo níl ort an deireadh -'''er''', -'''ir''' nó -'''re''' a chur ar ceal roimh an deireadh nua a chur ar an mbriathar.

==== An Modh Foshuiteach ====
Mar atá sa Ghaeilge, tá modh foshuiteach san Fhraincis. Úsáidtear é sna háiteanna céanna mar a úsáidtear é sa Ghaeilge ''(Go '''dté''' tú slán = Que tu '''ailles''' bien; Sula n-'''ithe''' tú an t-úll sin = Avant que tu '''manges''' cette pomme-là)'', ach úsáidtear é níos minice in áiteanna ina n-úsáidtear an modh coinníollach sa Ghaeilge: le haghaidh rudaí ar hipitéiseach iad:

''Ba mhaith liom go '''rachfá''' ar scoile = J'aimerais que tu '''ailles''' a l'école''

''Tá mé faoi eagla go n-'''íosfadh''' úll mé = J'ai peur qu'une pomme me '''mange'''''

Úsáidtear an modh foshuiteach in áiteanna fiú ina nach bhfuil sé coitianta an modh coinníollach a úsáid sa Ghaeilge:

''Tá uaim duine atá (''nó: ''a '''bheadh''') cairdiúil agus cineálta = J'ai besoin de quelqu'un qui '''soit''' amical et gentil''

Seo hiad a foirmeacha ''−'' tabhair faoi dheara go bhfuil a lán deireadh go céanna leis an aimsir láithreach nó leis an aimsir ghnáthchaite:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Pearsa
!-ER, m.s. ''parler''
!-IR, m.s. ''choisir''
!-RE, m.s. ''attendre''
|-
|1.uath
|je parle
|je choisisse
|j'attende
|-
|2. uath.
|tu parles
|tu choisisses
|tu attendes
|-
|3. uath
|elle parle
|elle choisisse
|elle attende
|-
|1.iol
|nous parlions
|nous choisissions
|nous attendions
|-
|2. iol
|vous parliez
|vous choisissiez
|vous attendiez
|-
|3. iol
|ils parlent
|ils choisissent
|ils attendent
|}

==== Briathra Neamhrialta ====
Tá freisin méid tábhachtach briathra neamhrialta - briathra nach leanas iomlán na rialta réimnithe seo thuas. Ar [https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Annexe:Conjugaison_en_français/Troisième_groupe liosta Wiktionnaire na mbriathra seo], tá 475 iontráil, cé go bhfuil na briathra ''-re'', a meastar gur patrún rialta iad san alt Vicipéid seo, freisin ar an liosta. I bhfírinne, is féidir an chuid is mó de na briathra neamhrialta seo a ghrúpáil le chéile i ngrúpaí a leanas na rialta céanna; mar sin, ní hé go bhfuil ar an bhfoghlaimeoir na céadta briathra neamhrialta a fhoghlaim ceann amháin faoi cheann amháin.

=== Forainmneacha ===
Tá seacht gcineál forainm phearsanta sa Fhraincis (cé nach ró-dhian an sainmhíniú seo). Seo hiad a leanas na seacht gcineál seo:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Sujet
!Ainmní
! rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |
!Objet Directe
!Cuspóir Díreach
! rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |
!Objet Indirecte
!Cuspóir Neamhdhíreach
! rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |
!Pronom Disjoint
!Forainm Dícheangailte
|-
|'''je''' mange
|ith'''im'''
|tu '''me''' manges
|itheann tú '''mé'''
|tu '''me''' parles
tu '''me''' donnes
|labhraíonn tú '''liom'''
tugann tú '''dom'''
|tu vas avec '''moi'''
|téann tú liom (lit. 'le '''mé'''&lt;nowiki/&gt;')
|-
|'''tu''' manges
|itheann '''tú'''
|je '''te''' mange
|ithim '''thú'''
|je '''te''' parle
je '''te''' donne
|labhraím '''leat'''
tugaim '''duit'''
|je vais avec '''toi'''
|téim leat (le '''thú''')
|-
|'''elle''' mange
|itheann '''sí'''
|il '''la''' mange
|itheann sé '''í'''
|il '''lui''' parle
il '''lui''' donne
|labhraíonn sé '''léi'''
tugann sé '''di'''
|il va avec '''elle'''
|téann sé léi (le '''í''')
|-
|'''il''' mange
|itheann '''sé'''
|elle '''le''' mange
|itheann sí '''é'''
|elle '''lui''' parle
elle '''lui''' donne
|labhraíonn sí '''leis'''
tugann sí '''dó'''
|elle va avec '''lui'''
|téann sí leis (le '''é''')
|-
|'''nous''' mangeons
|ith'''imid'''
|vous '''nous''' mangez
|itheann sibh '''muid'''
|vous '''nous''' parlez
vous '''nous''' donnez
|labhraíonn sibh '''linn'''
tugann sibh '''dúinn'''
|vous allez avec '''nous'''
|téann sibh linn (le '''muid''')
|-
|'''vous''' mangez
|itheann '''sibh'''
|nous '''vous''' mangeons
|ithimid '''sibh'''
|nous '''vous''' parlons
nous '''vous''' donnons
|labhraímid '''libh'''
tugaimid '''daoibh'''
|nous allons avec '''vous'''
|téimid libh (le '''sibh''')
|-
|'''elles''' mangent
|itheann '''siad (bain.)'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |je '''les''' mange
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |ithim '''iad'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |je '''leur''' parle
je '''leur''' donne
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |labhraím '''leo'''
tugaim '''dóibh'''
|je vais avec '''elles'''
|téim leo (le '''iad''') (bain.)
|-
|'''ils''' mangent
|itheann '''siad (fir.)'''
|je vais avec '''eux'''
|téim leo (le '''iad''') (fir.)
|-
|'''on''' mange
|i'''tear''' / ith'''imid'''
| -
| -
| - 
| -
| -
| -
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!'Adjectif Possessif'
!
! rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |
!'Nom Possessif'
!
! rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |
!Pronom Réfléchi
!
|-
|'''mon''' stylo
'''ma''' vache

'''mes''' pommes
|'''mo''' pheann (f.)
'''mo''' bhó (b.)

'''m'''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'úlla (iol.)


|c'est '''le mien'''
c'est '''la mienne'''

ce sont '''les miens'''

ce sont '''les miennes'''
|is '''an ceann is liomsa''' é
is '''an ceann is liomsa''' í

is '''na cinn is liomsa''' iad (f.)

is '''na cinn is liomsa''' iad (b.)
|je '''me''' lave
|ním '''mé féin'''
|-
|'''ton''' stylo
'''ta''' vache

'''tes''' pommes
|'''do''' pheann
'''do''' bhó

'''d'''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'úlla


|c'est '''le tien'''
c'est '''la tienne'''

ce sont '''les tiens'''

ce sont '''les tiennes'''
|is '''an ceann is leatsa''' é
is '''an ceann is leatsa''' í

is '''na cinn is leatsa''' iad

is '''na cinn is leatsa''' iad
|tu '''te''' laves
|níonn tú '''thú féin'''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''son''' stylo
'''sa''' vache

'''ses''' pommes
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''a''' p(h)eann
'''a''' b(h)ó

'''a''' (h)úlla
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |c'est '''le sien'''
c'est '''la sienne'''

ce sont '''les siens'''

ce sont '''les siennes'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |is '''an ceann is léi/leis''' é
is '''an ceann is léi/leis''' í

is '''na cinn is léi/leis''' iad

is '''na cinn is léi/leis''' iad
|elle '''se''' lave
|níonn sí '''í féin'''
|-
|il '''se''' lave
|níonn sé '''é féin'''
|-
|'''notre''' stylo
'''nos''' pommes
|'''ár''' bpeann (f. ''nó'' b.)
'''ár''' n-úlla
|c'est '''le/la nôtre'''
ce sont '''les''' '''nôtres'''
|is '''an ceann is linne''' é/í
is '''na cinn is linne''' iad
|nous '''nous''' lavons
|nímid '''muid féin'''
|-
|'''votre''' stylo
'''vos''' pommes
|'''bhur''' bpeann
'''bhur''' n-úlla
|c'est '''le/la vôtre'''
ce sont '''les vôtres'''
|is '''an ceann is libhse''' é/í
is '''na cinn is libhse''' iad
|vous '''vous''' lavez
|níonn sibh '''sibh féin'''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''leur''' stylo
'''leurs''' pommes
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''a''' bpeann
'''a''' n-úlla
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |c'est '''le/la leur'''
ce sont '''les leurs'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |is '''an ceann is leo''' é/í
is '''na cinn is leo''' iad
|elles '''se''' lavent
|níonn siad '''iad féin'''
|-
|ils '''se''' lavent
|níonn siad '''iad féin'''
|}

==== Forainmneacha Ainmneacha ====
Úsáidtear an forainm ainmneach le hainmní an bhriathair ''−'' an duine nó an rud atá &lt;u&gt;ag déanamh&lt;/u&gt; ruda ''−'' a thaispeáint. Sa Fhraincis, tá focal ar leith ar son gach pearsa, le feiceáil sa tábla thuas. Tá an focal ''on'' le nótáil go háirithe; tá dhá bhrí aige: an chéad cheann ionann leis an mbriathar neamhphearsanta sa Ghaeilge ''−'' mar sin, is ionann ''on dit qu'il y a une pomme dans l'arbre'' agus ''deirtear go bhfuil úll sa chrann'' ''−'' agus an dara ceann ionann le ''nous'', nó ''muid/-mid'' sa Ghaeilge ''−'' mar sin, ''on est en route'' agus ''tá muid faoi bhealach''. Níl aon ainmfhocal cuspóireach a bheadh ar comhbhrí leis an ainmfhocal ainmneach ''on''.

==== Forainmneacha Cuspóra Dírigh ====
Más 'cuspóir díreach' atá san ainmfhocal − is é sin, rud a bhfuiltear &lt;u&gt;á dhéanamh&lt;/u&gt; − úsáidtear foireann forainmneacha (le feiceáil sa tabla thuas) a thagann i ndiaidh an fhorainm, ach roimh an mbriathar. Is sampla de seo é ''tu '''me''' manges'' ('itheann tú '''mé'''') − tagann an focal ''me'' roimh an mbriathar ''manges''.

==== Forainmneacha Cuspóra Neamhdhírigh ====
Úsáidtear na cuspóirí neamhdhíreacha nuair a bhítear ag rá go bhfuil duine/rud ag déanamh ruda '''à''' duine/rud éigin − is réamhfhocal Fraincise é 'à' ar ciall dó ''do'', ''le'' nó ''ar'', go ginearálta, sa Ghaeilge. Mar shampla, má táthar ag rá ''tá an bhean ag tabhairt ceachtanna don rang'', deirtear:

''la femme donne des leçons '''à''' '''la classe'''''

agus má táthar ag rá &quot;tá an bhean ag tabhairt ceachtanna dóibh&quot;, deirtear:

''la femme '''leur''' donne des leçons''

Ar an dóigh céanna leis na cuspóirí díreacha, aistríonn an forainm go háit roimh an mbriathar. Is ionann iad na foirmeacha díreacha agus neamhdhíreacha don chéad agus don dara pearsa; is ach amháin sa tríú pearsa a bhíonn difríochtaí eatarthu. Tá a bhfoirmeacha-sa féin freisin sa tábla thuas.

==== Forainmneacha Neamhcheangailte ====
Má táthar ag úsáid forainm in éindí le réamhfhocal nach 'à' é, úsáidfear forainm neamhspleách. Tá a foirmeacha freisin sa tábla thuas: nuair atáthar ag úsáid na bhforainmneacha seo, coinnítear fós an réamhfhocal agus cuirtear an forainm ina dhiaidh (go hionann leis an mBéarla). Mar shampla:

''tu vas '''avec moi''''' = ''téann tú '''liom'''''   (Béarla: ''you go '''with me''''')

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

==Naisc sheachtracha==

{{Teangacha oifigiúla na NA}}
{{Teangacha oifigiúla an AE}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fraincis}}

[[Catagóir:An Fhraincis| ]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha Rómánsacha]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na Fraince]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na hEorpa]]
[[Catagóir:An Fhrainc]]
[[Catagóir:An Bheilg]]
[[Catagóir:Ceanada]]
[[Catagóir:An Eilvéis]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha oifigiúla na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha oifigiúla an Aontais Eorpaigh]]</text>
      <sha1>l1dvumr1uichl3zkxq2058wfyptq00g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gaeilge na hAlban</title>
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      <text bytes="13130" sha1="i6n2pdo8j5r2ljknysvq8de6ptvofsz" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Teanga}}
Ceann de na [[teangacha Gaelacha]] í '''Gaeilge na hAlban'''&lt;ref name='Tearma'&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Gaeilge%20na%20hAlban/|title=“Gaeilge na hAlban” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2024-04-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; nó '''Gàidhlig''', mar a deir lucht labhartha na teanga féin. Foghrúpa de chuid na d[[teangacha Ceilteacha]] is ea na teangacha Gaelacha, mar atá, [[Gaeilge]], Gaeilge na hAlban agus [[Gaeilge Mhanann]]. Is iad na teangacha Briotánacha, mar atá, [[Breatnais]] na [[An Bhreatain Bheag|Breataine Bige]], an [[Coirnis|Choirnis]] i g[[Corn na Breataine]], agus an [[Briotáinis|Bhriotáinis]] sa [[An Bhriotáin|Bhriotáin]], na trí theanga chomhaimseartha san fhoghrúpa seo. Taobh istigh de gach foghrúpa den bheirt, tá na teangacha sách intuigthe ag cainteoirí a chéile, ach is deacair, fiú, an gaol atá ag an dá fhoghrúpa le chéile a aithint gan tuiscint éigin a bheith agat don teangeolaíocht Cheilteach.

Is í Gaeilge na hAlban teanga na n[[Gael]] in Albain, agus cé gur i nGarbhchríocha na hAlban a mhaireann sí anois, bhí Gaeilge i bhfad á labhairt sa chuid is mó den tír ar feadh céadta.

Tá áit ar leith aici i gcultúr na hAlban, agus aithníonn an chuid is mó de mhuintir na hAlban é seo, idir Ghaeil agus Ghaill. Tá saibhreas ''beul-aithris'' sa Ghaeilge, óir ba í teanga na mbard sa [[Gàidhealtachd|Ghàidhealtachd]] ar feadh na gcéadta bliain. Cuireadh muintir na [[Gàidhealtachd]]in a gcíor tuathail i ndiaidh
Chath Chùl Lodail agus [[Fuadach na nGael|Fhuadach na nGael]]. agus chuaidh a dteanga agus a gcuid nósanna i léig tar éis na dtubaistí sin.


Inniu féin, tá dímheas ag cuid de mhuintir na hAlban ar an teanga, agus iad den tuairim nach bhfuil ann ach canúint gharbh gan úsáid liteartha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Iontaobhas daonlathach Gàidhlig molta i staidéar nua|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2020/0623/1149212-gaeilge-na-halban-le-dul-in-eag-gan-idirghabhail-taighde-nua/|date=2020-06-23|language=ga|author=Ciarán Lenoach}}&lt;/ref&gt;   

[[Íomhá:ScotlandGaelic2001.gif|mion|clé|[[Gaeilgeoir]]í in Albain i [[2001]]]]

== Staid ==

[[File:Canongate Entrance, Scottish Parliament - geograph.org.uk - 739828.jpg|thumb|Parlaimint na hAlban]]
Is léir go bhfuil Gaeilge na hAlban i dtrioblóid mar theanga phobail sna 2020idí. Sna h[[Na h-Eileanan Siar|Eileanan Siar]], [[Tiriodh]], agus [[Stafainn]], na ceantair is láidre ó thaobh na teanga de, níl Gaeilge líofa ar chaighdeán an chainteora dhúchais ach ag níos lú ná 4% de pháistí réamhscoile.    

Ach i ndiaidh neamhshuime agus dímheasa ar feadh na gcéadta bliain ó thaobh rialtais éagsúla, thosaigh Gaeilge na hAlban ag fáil roinnt aitheantais sa 21ú haois. Tá sí á múineadh sna scoileanna, ina measc scoileanna mar ar mheán teagaisc í.  

{{Main|Oideachas i nGaeilge na hAlban}}

Tá feidhm á baint aisti freisin i rialtas áitiúil, Comhairle nan Eilean. Tá stáisiún raidió sa teanga ag an [[BBC]], Radio nan Gàidheal (agus bíonn comhchraoltacháin go rialta aige le [[Raidió na Gaeltachta]], seirbhís raidió Gaeilge na hÉireann) Bíonn cláracha teilifíse sa teanga ar an BBC agus ar stáisiún [[ITV]], go minic le fotheidil as Béarla. Tá stiúidió i Steornabhadh ag Grampian Television, a chuireann seirbhís ITV ar fáil i dtuaisceart na hAlban. 

Mar sin féin, tá caint ar sheirbhís ar leith teilifíse i nGaeilge na hAlban, ar nós [[S4C]] sa [[an Bhreatain Bheag|Bhreatain Bheag]] agus [[TG4]] in [[Éire|Éirinn]]. Mar a ceapadh sa Bhreatain Bheag, measadh nárbh fhearr na cláracha a shá isteach mar athraithe réigiúnda ar na príomhstáisiúin, mar nár leor é don 60.027 atá á labhairt, agus gur mhí-ádh é don 5.900.004 duine nach labhraíonn ach Béarla nó ´Scots´. Ach de réir dealraimh, níl sé soiléir gur 'mí-ádh' dóibh siúd é: taispeánann figiúirí féachana chlárach Gaeilge BBC amháin ar a laghad go mbreathnaíonn níos mó air ná Gaeilgeoirí na hAlban. Ná níl aon ghearáin á gcur ag an BBC mar gheall ar chláracha Gaeilge ar stáisiúin teilifíse an BBC, b'fhéidir mar go mbaineann daoine gan Ghaeilge ar bith taitneamh astu le fotheidil as Béarla.
[[Íomhá:Sanas.jpg|mion|Tá úsáid na Gaeilge ar rudaí oifigiúla dála comharthaí bóthair níos coitianta ná mar a bhí sí tráth]]
Tá comharthaí bóthair Ghaeilge á gcrochadh ar fud na Gaeltachta de réir a chéile. Go minic níor ghá ach glacadh leis an litriú ceart desna logainmneacha, ach fiú leis seo, b'éigin dul i gcoimhlint le frith-Ghaelachas, atá láidir go maith fós in áiteanna. Déanann iriseoirí nuachtáin magadh go minic de chultúr agus de theanga na nGael, i mbealach nach gceadófaí maidir le haon ghrúpa eile, agus iarrann siad deireadh a chur le gach aon chúnamh ón rialtas. 

Rinne an tSuirbhéireacht Ordanáis iarrachtaí le blianta beaga anuas botúin ar mhapaí a cheartú. D´fhógair siad i 2004 go ndéanfaidís iarrachtaí ceart a chur leis an aineolas a bhí ar an nGaeilge, agus cheapadar coiste le logainmneacha cearta a chur ar na mapaí.

Thar na blianta, ní bhfuair Gaeilge na hAlban an t-aitheantas céanna agus a fuair an Bhreatnais ó rialtas na [[an Ríocht Aontaithe|Ríochta Aontaithe]]. Ach ó tháinig féin-riail chun saoil, tá níos mó suime á chur i gcúrsaí Albanacha, agus tá ré-bhille Gaeilge foilsithe ag [[Parlaimint na hAlban]]. 

Is iad príomhthréithe an Bhille ná:

* Aitheantas dlíthiúil a thabhairt don Ghaeilge mar cheann de theangacha na hAlban; 
* [[Bòrd na Gàidhlig]], a chuirfeadh an Ghaeilge ar aghaidh, a fhoirfiú de réir dlí, chun feidhm agus tuiscint ar an dteangan a chur ar aghaidh; 
* Iallach a chur ar Bhòrd na Gàidhlig Plean Náisiúnta Gaeilge a cheapadh chun go nglacfaí leis ag airí na hAlban; 
* Iallach a chur ar eagraisí poiblí in Albain plean teangan Gaeilge a phlé maidir leis na seirbhísí a chuireann siad ar fáil. 

Tar éis tréimhse comhairleacháin, nuair a cuireadh mórán iarratas chun an rialtais, an chuid is mó acu ag iarraidh an bhille a chur i dtreise, foilsíodh bille leasaithe, agus ba é an príomhleasú a deineadh ná go mbeadh treoir an Bhòird riachtanach anois de réir dlí (in ionad gan é a bheidh ach comhairleach).

Maíonn roinnt tráchtairí, mar shampla Éamonn Ó Gribín (2006), nach bhfágann Acht na Gàidhlig an teanga ar chomhchéim agus ar chomhstádas leis an mBéarla nó fiú leis an mBhreatnais sa Bhreatain Bheag, agus go mbeadh duine amaideach nó saonta ag dréim go mbeidh athrú suntasach ann i dtaobh rathúnais na teangan mar thoradh ar iarrachtaí Bhord na Gàidhlig.&lt;ref&gt;http://geolinguistics.org/geo32articles/GEO-32-Williams-art.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171011125129/http://geolinguistics.org/geo32articles/GEO-32-Williams-art.pdf |date=2017-10-11 }} LEGISLATIVE DEVOLUTION AND LANGUAGE REGULATION
IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Colin H Williams
Cardiff University&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá corradh is 500 go 1,000 cainteoirí dúchais in [[Alba Nua]], ach tá a bhformhór aosta anois. I mí na Bealtaine 2004, d'fhógair an rialtas réigiúnda tionscnamh cistiúcháin le tacú leis an dteangan agus lena chultúr sa chúige. 

Shínigh rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe an [[Carta Eorpach um Theangacha Réigiúnda agus Mionlach]] i dtaobh Ghaeilge na hAlban. 

Is eagras [[Iomairt Choilm Chille]] a dhéanann iarracht naisc a chothú idir Ghaeilgeoirí Éireann agus na hAlban.

== Logainmneacha ==
* Obar Dheathain — Obar Dheathain 
* Dún Déagh — Dùn Dèagh 
* Dún Éideann — Dùn Èideann 
* An Gearasdan — An Gearasdan 
* Glaschú — Glaschu
* Inbhear Nis — Inbhir Nis 
* Peairt — Peairt 
* Sruighle — Sruighlea 
* Steórnabhagh — Steòrnabhagh

== Ainmneacha pearsanta ==
Tá ainmneacha pearsanta Gaelacha ar leith ar nós Donnchadh, Dòmhnall. Tógadh ainmneacha ar iasacht ón Sean-Lochlannais, m.sh. Somhairle, Tormod. Tá foirmeacha ar leith d’ainmneacha ag a bhfuil ainmneacha gaolmhara i dteangacha eile na hEorpa, mar: Eòghan, Iain, Catrìona, Anna.

Tugann an fhoirm ghairmeach d’ainmneacha Gaelacha áirithe foirmeacha Béarla ar nós:
:Seumas -&gt; Sheumais -&gt; Hamish; 
:Màiri -&gt; Mhàiri -&gt; Vairi. 
Is iad na sloinnte Gaelacha is coitianta in Albain ná iad siúd a thosaíonn le ''Mac'', ar nós ''Mac Gille Eathainn'' (MacLean). Tosaíonn an fhoirm bhaininscneach le ''Nic'': ''Catrìona Nic a' Phì'' .
:Tagann sloinnte eile in Albain as dathanna, mar shampla: Bain (bàn/bán), Roy (ruadh/rua), Dow (dubh/dubh), Dunn (donn/donn).

== Focail iasachta ==
Is de bhunadh Cheilteach formhór na foclaíochta i nGaeilge na hAlban. Tá roinnt iasachtaí ón Laidin, go háirithe i gcúrsaí eaglasta (eaglais, Bìoball), ón Lochlainnis (eilean, sgeir), ón Scoitis (sgealp, briogais) agus, i gcoitinne le teangacha eile na hEorpa, is gnách nuafhoclaíocht a chumadh d’fhréamhacha Gréigise agus Laidine (telebhisean), fiú más tríd an mBéarla a tháinig siad. Cuireann fás in úsáid fhocla Béarla le gramadach Ghaelach orthu imní ar go leor. Mar shampla, is minic &quot;''watch''igeadh&quot; (faire) and &quot;''catch''eadh&quot; (breith) á úsáid ar Leòdhas, díreach mar a deireanns cuid de mhuintir Ghaeltachtaí na hÉireann &quot;''match''annaí&quot; ar chipíní nó lasáin, agus &quot;ar mo bhicycle&quot; in áit &quot;ar mo rothar&quot;.

Ar an taobh eile den scéal, bhí tionchar ag an nGaeilge ar an Scoitis agus ar an mBéarla, go háirithe ar Bhéarla Caighdeánach na hAlban. 

I measc na bhfocla a tháinig ó Ghaeilge na hAlba, tá ''whisky'', ''slogan'', ''brogue'', ''jilt'', ''clan'', ''strontium'', mar aon le rudaí suntasacha i dtíreolaíocht na hAlban, mar shampla ''ben'' (beinn), ''glen'' (gleann) agus ''loch''.

Foinse: ''An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, [[Alasdair MacGilleBhàin|Alexander MacBain]]''.

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Teangacha Gaelacha]] 
* [[Gaidhealtachd]] 
* [[Oideachas i nGaeilge na hAlban]] 
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Fóineolaíocht de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Gramadach de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 
*  &lt;bdi&gt;[[Litriú de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 
* Ní hionann Gaeilge na hAlban agus [[Scots]], teanga Ísiltír na hAlban.
* [[an Mòd]], an fhéile chultúrtha Ghaelach a bhíonn in Albain 'chuile bhliain.
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
== Naisc sheachtracha ==
{{IdirVicí|cód=gd}}
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RtbOfIpJ4YU&amp;feature=PlayList&amp;p=289534FA4D90DEAD&amp;playnext=1&amp;playnext_from=PL&amp;index=2 Cànan nan Gaidheal]
* [http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/gaidhlig/ Parlaimint na hAlban]
* [http://www.ccg.org.uk Comhairle Craoltacháin Ghaeilge na hAlban] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714091414/http://www.ccg.org.uk/ |date=2017-07-14 }} 
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/alba/ BBC Albain - Leathanach baile na Gaeilge]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/alba/foghlam/beag_air_bheag/ BBC Albain - ''Beag air Bheag'' - Gaeilge do thosaitheoirí]
* [http://www.cnag.org.uk/ Comunn na Gàidhlig] 
* [http://www.colmcille.net/ ColmCille] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028110909/http://www.colmcille.net/ |date=2020-10-28 }}
* [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/ Sabhal Mòr Ostaig] 
* [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/ Foclóirí Gàidhlig]
* [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/ An Sruth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404215031/http://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/ |date=2018-04-04 }} - bunachar abairtí [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=ga&amp;t2=gd&amp;astarMax=6&amp;hl=ga Gaeilge→Gàidhlig]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} agus [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;astarMax=g&amp;hl=ga Gàidhlig→Gaeilge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427193452/https://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;astarMax=g&amp;hl=ga |date=2019-04-27 }}
* [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/bunadas/ Bunadas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404215026/http://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/bunadas/ |date=2018-04-04 }}: focail ghaolmhara [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/bunadas/liosta.php?t1=ga&amp;t2=gd&amp;uasCiana=8&amp;uasAireamh=400&amp;hl=ga Gaeilge→Gàidhlig]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} agus [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/bunadas/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;uasCiana=8&amp;uasAireamh=400&amp;hl=ga Gàidhlig→Gaeilge]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.linguae-celticae.org/GLS_english.htm Gàidhlig (Scottish Gaelic) Local Studies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229110410/http://www.linguae-celticae.org/GLS_english.htm |date=2010-12-29 }}

{{Teangacha Ceilteacha}}

[[Catagóir:Gaeilge na hAlban| ]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Albain]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na Ríochta Aontaithe]]</text>
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      <text bytes="13089" sha1="dzv2az8edkzat0xyohgk0jiqt9gii7m" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Teanga}}
Ceann de na [[teangacha Gaelacha]] í '''Gaeilge na hAlban'''&lt;ref name='Tearma'&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Gaeilge%20na%20hAlban/|title=“Gaeilge na hAlban” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2024-04-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; nó '''Gàidhlig''', mar a deir lucht labhartha na teanga féin. Foghrúpa de chuid na d[[teangacha Ceilteacha]] is ea na teangacha Gaelacha, mar atá, [[Gaeilge]], Gaeilge na hAlban agus [[Gaeilge Mhanann]]. Is iad na teangacha Briotánacha, mar atá, [[Breatnais]] na [[An Bhreatain Bheag|Breataine Bige]], an [[Coirnis|Choirnis]] i g[[Corn na Breataine]], agus an [[Briotáinis|Bhriotáinis]] sa [[An Bhriotáin|Bhriotáin]], na trí theanga chomhaimseartha san fhoghrúpa seo. Taobh istigh de gach foghrúpa den bheirt, tá na teangacha sách intuigthe ag cainteoirí a chéile, ach is deacair, fiú, an gaol atá ag an dá fhoghrúpa le chéile a aithint gan tuiscint éigin a bheith agat don teangeolaíocht Cheilteach.

Is í Gaeilge na hAlban teanga na n[[Gael]] in Albain, agus cé gur i nGarbhchríocha na hAlban a mhaireann sí anois, bhí Gaeilge i bhfad á labhairt sa chuid is mó den tír ar feadh céadta.

Tá áit ar leith aici i gcultúr na hAlban, agus aithníonn an chuid is mó de mhuintir na hAlban é seo, idir Ghaeil agus Ghaill. Tá saibhreas ''beul-aithris'' sa Ghaeilge, óir ba í teanga na mbard sa [[Gàidhealtachd|Ghàidhealtachd]] ar feadh na gcéadta bliain. Cuireadh muintir na [[Gàidhealtachd ]]in a gcíor tuathail i ndiaidh
Chath Chùl Lodail agus [[Fuadach na nGael|Fhuadach na nGael]], agus chuaidh a dteanga agus a gcuid nósanna i léig tar éis na dtubaistí sin.


Inniu féin, tá dímheas ag cuid de mhuintir na hAlban ar an teanga, agus iad den tuairim nach bhfuil ann ach canúint gharbh gan úsáid liteartha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Iontaobhas daonlathach Gàidhlig molta i staidéar nua|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2020/0623/1149212-gaeilge-na-halban-le-dul-in-eag-gan-idirghabhail-taighde-nua/|date=2020-06-23|language=ga|author=Ciarán Lenoach}}&lt;/ref&gt;   

[[Íomhá:ScotlandGaelic2001.gif|mion|clé|[[Gaeilgeoir]]í in Albain i [[2001]]]]

== Staid ==

[[File:Canongate Entrance, Scottish Parliament - geograph.org.uk - 739828.jpg|thumb|Parlaimint na hAlban]]
Is léir go bhfuil Gaeilge na hAlban i dtrioblóid mar theanga phobail sna 2020idí. Sna h[[Na h-Eileanan Siar|Eileanan Siar]], [[Tiriodh]], agus [[Stafainn]], na ceantair is láidre ó thaobh na teanga de, níl Gaeilge ar chaighdeán an chainteora dhúchais ach ag níos lú ná 4% de pháistí réamhscoile.    

Ach i ndiaidh neamhshuime agus dímheasa ar feadh na gcéadta bliain ó thaobh rialtais éagsúla, thosaigh Gaeilge na hAlban ag fáil roinnt aitheantais sa 21ú haois. Tá sí á múineadh sna scoileanna, ina measc scoileanna mar ar mheán teagaisc í.  

{{Main|Oideachas i nGaeilge na hAlban}}

Tá feidhm á baint aisti freisin i rialtas áitiúil, Comhairle nan Eilean. Tá stáisiún raidió sa teanga ag an [[BBC]], Radio nan Gàidheal (agus bíonn comhchraoltacháin go rialta aige le [[Raidió na Gaeltachta]], seirbhís raidió Gaeilge na hÉireann) Bíonn cláracha teilifíse sa teanga ar an BBC agus ar stáisiún [[ITV]], go minic le fotheidil as Béarla. Tá stiúidió i Steornabhadh ag Grampian Television, a chuireann seirbhís ITV ar fáil i dtuaisceart na hAlban. 

Mar sin féin, tá caint ar sheirbhís ar leith teilifíse i nGaeilge na hAlban, ar nós [[S4C]] sa [[an Bhreatain Bheag|Bhreatain Bheag]] agus [[TG4]] in [[Éire|Éirinn]]. Mar a ceapadh sa Bhreatain Bheag, measadh nárbh fhearr na cláracha a shá isteach mar athraithe réigiúnda ar na príomhstáisiúin, mar nár leor é don 60.027 atá á labhairt, agus gur mhí-ádh é don 5.900.004 duine nach labhraíonn ach Béarla nó ´Scots´. Ach de réir dealraimh, níl sé soiléir gur 'mí-ádh' dóibh siúd é: taispeánann figiúirí féachana chlárach Gaeilge BBC amháin ar a laghad go mbreathnaíonn níos mó air ná Gaeilgeoirí na hAlban. Ná níl aon ghearáin á gcur ag an BBC mar gheall ar chláracha Gaeilge ar stáisiúin teilifíse an BBC, b'fhéidir mar go mbaineann daoine gan Ghaeilge ar bith taitneamh astu le fotheidil as Béarla.
[[Íomhá:Sanas.jpg|mion|Tá úsáid na Gaeilge ar rudaí oifigiúla dála comharthaí bóthair níos coitianta ná mar a bhí sí tráth]]
Tá comharthaí bóthair Ghaeilge á gcrochadh ar fud na Gaeltachta de réir a chéile agus, de ghnáth, chan é ach glacadh leis an litriú ceart de na logainmneacha atá i gceist. Ach fiú leis seo, tagann gearáin as roinnt daoine. Déanann iriseoirí nuachtáin magadh go minic de chultúr agus de theanga na nGael, i mbealach nach gceadófaí maidir le haon ghrúpa eile, agus iarrann siad deireadh a chur le gach aon chúnamh ón rialtas. 

Rinne an tSuirbhéireacht Ordanáis iarrachtaí le blianta beaga anuas botúin ar mhapaí a cheartú. D´fhógair siad i 2004 go ndéanfaidís iarrachtaí ceart a chur leis an aineolas a bhí ar an nGaeilge, agus cheapadar coiste le logainmneacha cearta a chur ar na mapaí.

Thar na blianta, ní bhfuair Gaeilge na hAlban an t-aitheantas céanna agus a fuair an Bhreatnais ó rialtas na [[an Ríocht Aontaithe|Ríochta Aontaithe]]. Ach ó tháinig féin-riail chun saoil, tá níos mó suime á chur i gcúrsaí Albanacha, agus tá ré-bhille Gaeilge foilsithe ag [[Parlaimint na hAlban]]. 

Is iad príomhthréithe an Bhille ná:

* Aitheantas dlíthiúil a thabhairt don Ghaeilge mar cheann de theangacha na hAlban; 
* [[Bòrd na Gàidhlig]], a chuirfeadh an Ghaeilge ar aghaidh, a fhoirfiú de réir dlí, chun feidhm agus tuiscint ar an dteangan a chur ar aghaidh; 
* Iallach a chur ar Bhòrd na Gàidhlig Plean Náisiúnta Gaeilge a cheapadh chun go nglacfaí leis ag airí na hAlban; 
* Iallach a chur ar eagraisí poiblí in Albain plean teangan Gaeilge a phlé maidir leis na seirbhísí a chuireann siad ar fáil. 

Tar éis tréimhse comhairleacháin, nuair a cuireadh mórán iarratas chun an rialtais, an chuid is mó acu ag iarraidh an bhille a chur i dtreise, foilsíodh bille leasaithe, agus ba é an príomhleasú a deineadh ná go mbeadh treoir an Bhòird riachtanach anois de réir dlí (in ionad gan é a bheidh ach comhairleach).

Maíonn roinnt tráchtairí, mar shampla Éamonn Ó Gribín (2006), nach bhfágann Acht na Gàidhlig an teanga ar chomhchéim agus ar chomhstádas leis an mBéarla nó fiú leis an mBhreatnais sa Bhreatain Bheag, agus go mbeadh duine amaideach nó saonta ag dréim go mbeidh athrú suntasach ann i dtaobh rathúnais na teangan mar thoradh ar iarrachtaí Bhord na Gàidhlig.&lt;ref&gt;http://geolinguistics.org/geo32articles/GEO-32-Williams-art.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171011125129/http://geolinguistics.org/geo32articles/GEO-32-Williams-art.pdf |date=2017-10-11 }} LEGISLATIVE DEVOLUTION AND LANGUAGE REGULATION
IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Colin H Williams
Cardiff University&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá corradh is 500 go 1,000 cainteoirí dúchais in [[Alba Nua]], ach tá a bhformhór aosta anois. I mí na Bealtaine 2004, d'fhógair an rialtas réigiúnda tionscnamh cistiúcháin le tacú leis an dteangan agus lena chultúr sa chúige. 

Shínigh rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe an [[Carta Eorpach um Theangacha Réigiúnda agus Mionlach]] i dtaobh Ghaeilge na hAlban. 

Is eagras [[Iomairt Choilm Chille]] a dhéanann iarracht naisc a chothú idir Ghaeilgeoirí Éireann agus na hAlban.

== Logainmneacha ==
* Obar Dheathain — Obar Dheathain 
* Dún Déagh — Dùn Dèagh 
* Dún Éideann — Dùn Èideann 
* An Gearasdan — An Gearasdan 
* Glaschú — Glaschu
* Inbhear Nis — Inbhir Nis 
* Peairt — Peairt 
* Sruighle — Sruighlea 
* Steórnabhagh — Steòrnabhagh

== Ainmneacha pearsanta ==
Tá ainmneacha pearsanta Gaelacha ar leith ar nós Donnchadh, Dòmhnall. Tógadh ainmneacha ar iasacht ón Sean-Lochlannais, m.sh. Somhairle, Tormod. Tá foirmeacha ar leith d’ainmneacha ag a bhfuil ainmneacha gaolmhara i dteangacha eile na hEorpa, mar: Eòghan, Iain, Catrìona, Anna.

Tugann an fhoirm ghairmeach d’ainmneacha Gaelacha áirithe foirmeacha Béarla ar nós:
:Seumas -&gt; Sheumais -&gt; Hamish; 
:Màiri -&gt; Mhàiri -&gt; Vairi. 
Is iad na sloinnte Gaelacha is coitianta in Albain ná iad siúd a thosaíonn le ''Mac'', ar nós ''Mac Gille Eathainn'' (MacLean). Tosaíonn an fhoirm bhaininscneach le ''Nic'': ''Catrìona Nic a' Phì'' .
:Tagann sloinnte eile in Albain as dathanna, mar shampla: Bain (bàn/bán), Roy (ruadh/rua), Dow (dubh/dubh), Dunn (donn/donn).

== Focail iasachta ==
Is de bhunadh Cheilteach formhór na foclaíochta i nGaeilge na hAlban. Tá roinnt iasachtaí ón Laidin, go háirithe i gcúrsaí eaglasta (eaglais, Bìoball), ón Lochlainnis (eilean, sgeir), ón Scoitis (sgealp, briogais) agus, i gcoitinne le teangacha eile na hEorpa, is gnách nuafhoclaíocht a chumadh d’fhréamhacha Gréigise agus Laidine (telebhisean), fiú más tríd an mBéarla a tháinig siad. Cuireann fás in úsáid fhocla Béarla le gramadach Ghaelach orthu imní ar go leor. Mar shampla, is minic &quot;''watch''igeadh&quot; (faire) and &quot;''catch''eadh&quot; (breith) á úsáid ar Leòdhas, díreach mar a deireanns cuid de mhuintir Ghaeltachtaí na hÉireann &quot;''match''annaí&quot; ar chipíní nó lasáin, agus &quot;ar mo bhicycle&quot; in áit &quot;ar mo rothar&quot;.

Ar an taobh eile den scéal, bhí tionchar ag an nGaeilge ar an Scoitis agus ar an mBéarla, go háirithe ar Bhéarla Caighdeánach na hAlban. 

I measc na bhfocla a tháinig ó Ghaeilge na hAlba, tá ''whisky'', ''slogan'', ''brogue'', ''jilt'', ''clan'', ''strontium'', mar aon le rudaí suntasacha i dtíreolaíocht na hAlban, mar shampla ''ben'' (beinn), ''glen'' (gleann) agus ''loch''.

Foinse: ''An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, [[Alasdair MacGilleBhàin|Alexander MacBain]]''.

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Teangacha Gaelacha]] 
* [[Gaidhealtachd]] 
* [[Oideachas i nGaeilge na hAlban]] 
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Fóineolaíocht de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Gramadach de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 
*  &lt;bdi&gt;[[Litriú de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 
* Ní hionann Gaeilge na hAlban agus [[Scots]], teanga Ísiltír na hAlban.
* [[an Mòd]], an fhéile chultúrtha Ghaelach a bhíonn in Albain 'chuile bhliain.
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
== Naisc sheachtracha ==
{{IdirVicí|cód=gd}}
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RtbOfIpJ4YU&amp;feature=PlayList&amp;p=289534FA4D90DEAD&amp;playnext=1&amp;playnext_from=PL&amp;index=2 Cànan nan Gaidheal]
* [http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/gaidhlig/ Parlaimint na hAlban]
* [http://www.ccg.org.uk Comhairle Craoltacháin Ghaeilge na hAlban] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714091414/http://www.ccg.org.uk/ |date=2017-07-14 }} 
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/alba/ BBC Albain - Leathanach baile na Gaeilge]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/alba/foghlam/beag_air_bheag/ BBC Albain - ''Beag air Bheag'' - Gaeilge do thosaitheoirí]
* [http://www.cnag.org.uk/ Comunn na Gàidhlig] 
* [http://www.colmcille.net/ ColmCille] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028110909/http://www.colmcille.net/ |date=2020-10-28 }}
* [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/ Sabhal Mòr Ostaig] 
* [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/ Foclóirí Gàidhlig]
* [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/ An Sruth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404215031/http://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/ |date=2018-04-04 }} - bunachar abairtí [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=ga&amp;t2=gd&amp;astarMax=6&amp;hl=ga Gaeilge→Gàidhlig]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} agus [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;astarMax=g&amp;hl=ga Gàidhlig→Gaeilge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427193452/https://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;astarMax=g&amp;hl=ga |date=2019-04-27 }}
* [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/bunadas/ Bunadas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404215026/http://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/bunadas/ |date=2018-04-04 }}: focail ghaolmhara [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/bunadas/liosta.php?t1=ga&amp;t2=gd&amp;uasCiana=8&amp;uasAireamh=400&amp;hl=ga Gaeilge→Gàidhlig]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} agus [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/bunadas/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;uasCiana=8&amp;uasAireamh=400&amp;hl=ga Gàidhlig→Gaeilge]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.linguae-celticae.org/GLS_english.htm Gàidhlig (Scottish Gaelic) Local Studies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229110410/http://www.linguae-celticae.org/GLS_english.htm |date=2010-12-29 }}

{{Teangacha Ceilteacha}}

[[Catagóir:Gaeilge na hAlban| ]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Albain]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na Ríochta Aontaithe]]</text>
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Ceann de na [[teangacha Gaelacha]] í '''Gaeilge na hAlban'''&lt;ref name='Tearma'&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/Gaeilge%20na%20hAlban/|title=“Gaeilge na hAlban” {{!}} téarma.ie|publisher=[[An Coiste Téarmaíochta]]|work=[[Téarma.ie]]: An Bunachar Náisiúnta Téarmaíochta don Ghaeilge|access-date=2024-04-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; nó '''Gàidhlig''', mar a deir lucht labhartha na teanga féin. Foghrúpa de chuid na d[[teangacha Ceilteacha]] is ea na teangacha Gaelacha, mar atá, [[Gaeilge]], Gaeilge na hAlban agus [[Gaeilge Mhanann]]. Is iad na teangacha Briotánacha, mar atá, [[Breatnais]] na [[An Bhreatain Bheag|Breataine Bige]], an [[Coirnis|Choirnis]] i g[[Corn na Breataine]], agus an [[Briotáinis|Bhriotáinis]] sa [[An Bhriotáin|Bhriotáin]], na trí theanga chomhaimseartha san fhoghrúpa seo. Taobh istigh de gach foghrúpa den bheirt, tá na teangacha sách intuigthe ag cainteoirí a chéile, ach is deacair, fiú, an gaol atá ag an dá fhoghrúpa le chéile a aithint gan tuiscint éigin a bheith agat don teangeolaíocht Cheilteach.

Is í Gaeilge na hAlban teanga na n[[Gael]] in Albain, agus cé gur i nGarbhchríocha na hAlban a mhaireann sí anois, bhí Gaeilge i bhfad á labhairt sa chuid is mó den tír ar feadh céadta.

Tá áit ar leith aici i gcultúr na hAlban, agus aithníonn an chuid is mó de mhuintir na hAlban é seo, idir Ghaeil agus Ghaill. Tá saibhreas ''beul-aithris'' sa Ghaeilge, óir ba í teanga na mbard sa [[Gàidhealtachd|Ghàidhealtachd]] ar feadh na gcéadta bliain. Cuireadh muintir na [[Gàidhealtachd ]]in a gcíor tuathail i ndiaidh
Chath Chùl Lodail agus [[Fuadach na nGael|Fhuadach na nGael]], agus chuaidh a dteanga agus a gcuid nósanna i léig tar éis na dtubaistí sin.


Inniu féin, tá dímheas ag cuid de mhuintir na hAlban ar an teanga, agus iad den tuairim nach bhfuil ann ach canúint gharbh gan úsáid liteartha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Iontaobhas daonlathach Gàidhlig molta i staidéar nua|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2020/0623/1149212-gaeilge-na-halban-le-dul-in-eag-gan-idirghabhail-taighde-nua/|date=2020-06-23|language=ga|author=Ciarán Lenoach}}&lt;/ref&gt;   

[[Íomhá:ScotlandGaelic2001.gif|mion|clé|[[Gaeilgeoir]]í in Albain i [[2001]]]]

== Staid ==

[[File:Canongate Entrance, Scottish Parliament - geograph.org.uk - 739828.jpg|thumb|Parlaimint na hAlban]]
Is léir go bhfuil Gaeilge na hAlban i dtrioblóid mar theanga phobail sna 2020idí. Sna h[[Na h-Eileanan Siar|Eileanan Siar]], an ceantar is láidre ó thaobh na teanga de, níl Gaeilge á labhairt ag ach 45% na ndaoine, cé go bhfuil ábaltacht éigin sa teanga ag mórán den chuid eile.    

Ach i ndiaidh neamhshuime agus dímheasa ar feadh na gcéadta bliain ó thaobh rialtais éagsúla, thosaigh Gaeilge na hAlban ag fáil roinnt aitheantais sa 21ú haois. Tá sí á múineadh sna scoileanna, ina measc scoileanna mar ar mheán teagaisc í.  

{{Main|Oideachas i nGaeilge na hAlban}}

Tá feidhm á baint aisti freisin i rialtas áitiúil, Comhairle nan Eilean. Tá stáisiún raidió sa teanga ag an [[BBC]], Radio nan Gàidheal (agus bíonn comhchraoltacháin go rialta aige le [[Raidió na Gaeltachta]], seirbhís raidió Gaeilge na hÉireann) Bíonn cláracha teilifíse sa teanga ar an BBC agus ar stáisiún [[ITV]], go minic le fotheidil as Béarla. Tá stiúidió i Steornabhadh ag Grampian Television, a chuireann seirbhís ITV ar fáil i dtuaisceart na hAlban. 

Bunaíodh BBC Alba sa bhliain 2008, cainéal teilifíse a chraolann cláracha úra i nGaeilge na hAlban, chomh maith le cartúin ath-ghuthaithe sa teanga.


[[Íomhá:Sanas.jpg|mion|Tá úsáid na Gaeilge ar rudaí oifigiúla dála comharthaí bóthair níos coitianta ná mar a bhí sí tráth]]
Tá comharthaí bóthair Ghaeilge á gcrochadh ar fud na Gaeltachta de réir a chéile agus, de ghnáth, chan é ach glacadh leis an litriú ceart de na logainmneacha atá i gceist. Ach fiú leis seo, tagann gearáin as roinnt daoine. Déanann iriseoirí nuachtáin magadh go minic de chultúr agus de theanga na nGael, i mbealach nach gceadófaí maidir le haon ghrúpa eile, agus iarrann siad deireadh a chur le gach aon chúnamh ón rialtas. 

Rinne an tSuirbhéireacht Ordanáis iarrachtaí le blianta beaga anuas botúin ar mhapaí a cheartú. D´fhógair siad i 2004 go ndéanfaidís iarrachtaí ceart a chur leis an aineolas a bhí ar an nGaeilge, agus cheapadar coiste le logainmneacha cearta a chur ar na mapaí.

Thar na blianta, ní bhfuair Gaeilge na hAlban an t-aitheantas céanna agus a fuair an Bhreatnais ó rialtas na [[an Ríocht Aontaithe|Ríochta Aontaithe]]. Ach ó tháinig féin-riail chun saoil, tá níos mó suime á chur i gcúrsaí Albanacha, agus tá ré-bhille Gaeilge foilsithe ag [[Parlaimint na hAlban]]. 

Is iad príomhthréithe an Bhille ná:

* Aitheantas dlíthiúil a thabhairt don Ghaeilge mar cheann de theangacha na hAlban; 
* [[Bòrd na Gàidhlig]], a chuirfeadh an Ghaeilge ar aghaidh, a fhoirfiú de réir dlí, chun feidhm agus tuiscint ar an dteangan a chur ar aghaidh; 
* Iallach a chur ar Bhòrd na Gàidhlig Plean Náisiúnta Gaeilge a cheapadh chun go nglacfaí leis ag airí na hAlban; 
* Iallach a chur ar eagraisí poiblí in Albain plean teangan Gaeilge a phlé maidir leis na seirbhísí a chuireann siad ar fáil. 

Tar éis tréimhse comhairleacháin, nuair a cuireadh mórán iarratas chun an rialtais, an chuid is mó acu ag iarraidh an bhille a chur i dtreise, foilsíodh bille leasaithe, agus ba é an príomhleasú a deineadh ná go mbeadh treoir an Bhòird riachtanach anois de réir dlí (in ionad gan é a bheidh ach comhairleach).

Maíonn roinnt tráchtairí, mar shampla Éamonn Ó Gribín (2006), nach bhfágann Acht na Gàidhlig an teanga ar chomhchéim agus ar chomhstádas leis an mBéarla nó fiú leis an mBhreatnais sa Bhreatain Bheag, agus go mbeadh duine amaideach nó saonta ag dréim go mbeidh athrú suntasach ann i dtaobh rathúnais na teangan mar thoradh ar iarrachtaí Bhord na Gàidhlig.&lt;ref&gt;http://geolinguistics.org/geo32articles/GEO-32-Williams-art.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171011125129/http://geolinguistics.org/geo32articles/GEO-32-Williams-art.pdf |date=2017-10-11 }} LEGISLATIVE DEVOLUTION AND LANGUAGE REGULATION
IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Colin H Williams
Cardiff University&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá corradh is 500 go 1,000 cainteoirí dúchais in [[Alba Nua]], ach tá a bhformhór aosta anois. I mí na Bealtaine 2004, d'fhógair an rialtas réigiúnda tionscnamh cistiúcháin le tacú leis an dteangan agus lena chultúr sa chúige. 

Shínigh rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe an [[Carta Eorpach um Theangacha Réigiúnda agus Mionlach]] i dtaobh Ghaeilge na hAlban. 

Is eagras [[Iomairt Choilm Chille]] a dhéanann iarracht naisc a chothú idir Ghaeilgeoirí Éireann agus na hAlban.

== Logainmneacha ==
* Obar Dheathain — Obar Dheathain 
* Dún Déagh — Dùn Dèagh 
* Dún Éideann — Dùn Èideann 
* An Gearasdan — An Gearasdan 
* Glaschú — Glaschu
* Inbhear Nis — Inbhir Nis 
* Peairt — Peairt 
* Sruighle — Sruighlea 
* Steórnabhagh — Steòrnabhagh

== Ainmneacha pearsanta ==
Tá ainmneacha pearsanta Gaelacha ar leith ar nós Donnchadh, Dòmhnall. Tógadh ainmneacha ar iasacht ón Sean-Lochlannais, m.sh. Somhairle, Tormod. Tá foirmeacha ar leith d’ainmneacha ag a bhfuil ainmneacha gaolmhara i dteangacha eile na hEorpa, mar: Eòghan, Iain, Catrìona, Anna.

Tugann an fhoirm ghairmeach d’ainmneacha Gaelacha áirithe foirmeacha Béarla ar nós:
:Seumas -&gt; Sheumais -&gt; Hamish; 
:Màiri -&gt; Mhàiri -&gt; Vairi. 
Is iad na sloinnte Gaelacha is coitianta in Albain ná iad siúd a thosaíonn le ''Mac'', ar nós ''Mac Gille Eathainn'' (MacLean). Tosaíonn an fhoirm bhaininscneach le ''Nic'': ''Catrìona Nic a' Phì'' .
:Tagann sloinnte eile in Albain as dathanna, mar shampla: Bain (bàn/bán), Roy (ruadh/rua), Dow (dubh/dubh), Dunn (donn/donn).

== Focail iasachta ==
Is de bhunadh Cheilteach formhór na foclaíochta i nGaeilge na hAlban. Tá roinnt iasachtaí ón Laidin, go háirithe i gcúrsaí eaglasta (eaglais, Bìoball), ón Lochlainnis (eilean, sgeir), ón Scoitis (sgealp, briogais) agus, i gcoitinne le teangacha eile na hEorpa, is gnách nuafhoclaíocht a chumadh d’fhréamhacha Gréigise agus Laidine (telebhisean), fiú más tríd an mBéarla a tháinig siad. Cuireann fás in úsáid fhocla Béarla le gramadach Ghaelach orthu imní ar go leor. Mar shampla, is minic &quot;''watch''igeadh&quot; (faire) and &quot;''catch''eadh&quot; (breith) á úsáid ar Leòdhas, díreach mar a deireanns cuid de mhuintir Ghaeltachtaí na hÉireann &quot;''match''annaí&quot; ar chipíní nó lasáin, agus &quot;ar mo bhicycle&quot; in áit &quot;ar mo rothar&quot;.

Ar an taobh eile den scéal, bhí tionchar ag an nGaeilge ar an Scoitis agus ar an mBéarla, go háirithe ar Bhéarla Caighdeánach na hAlban. 

I measc na bhfocla a tháinig ó Ghaeilge na hAlba, tá ''whisky'', ''slogan'', ''brogue'', ''jilt'', ''clan'', ''strontium'', mar aon le rudaí suntasacha i dtíreolaíocht na hAlban, mar shampla ''ben'' (beinn), ''glen'' (gleann) agus ''loch''.

Foinse: ''An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, [[Alasdair MacGilleBhàin|Alexander MacBain]]''.

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Teangacha Gaelacha]] 
* [[Gaidhealtachd]] 
* [[Oideachas i nGaeilge na hAlban]] 
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Fóineolaíocht de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 
* &lt;bdi&gt;[[Gramadach de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 
*  &lt;bdi&gt;[[Litriú de chuid Gaeilge na hAlban]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 
* Ní hionann Gaeilge na hAlban agus [[Scots]], teanga Ísiltír na hAlban.
* [[an Mòd]], an fhéile chultúrtha Ghaelach a bhíonn in Albain 'chuile bhliain.
== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
== Naisc sheachtracha ==
{{IdirVicí|cód=gd}}
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RtbOfIpJ4YU&amp;feature=PlayList&amp;p=289534FA4D90DEAD&amp;playnext=1&amp;playnext_from=PL&amp;index=2 Cànan nan Gaidheal]
* [http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/gaidhlig/ Parlaimint na hAlban]
* [http://www.ccg.org.uk Comhairle Craoltacháin Ghaeilge na hAlban] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714091414/http://www.ccg.org.uk/ |date=2017-07-14 }} 
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/alba/ BBC Albain - Leathanach baile na Gaeilge]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/alba/foghlam/beag_air_bheag/ BBC Albain - ''Beag air Bheag'' - Gaeilge do thosaitheoirí]
* [http://www.cnag.org.uk/ Comunn na Gàidhlig] 
* [http://www.colmcille.net/ ColmCille] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028110909/http://www.colmcille.net/ |date=2020-10-28 }}
* [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/ Sabhal Mòr Ostaig] 
* [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/ Foclóirí Gàidhlig]
* [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/ An Sruth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404215031/http://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/ |date=2018-04-04 }} - bunachar abairtí [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=ga&amp;t2=gd&amp;astarMax=6&amp;hl=ga Gaeilge→Gàidhlig]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} agus [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;astarMax=g&amp;hl=ga Gàidhlig→Gaeilge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427193452/https://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/sruth/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;astarMax=g&amp;hl=ga |date=2019-04-27 }}
* [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/bunadas/ Bunadas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404215026/http://www2.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/bunadas/ |date=2018-04-04 }}: focail ghaolmhara [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/bunadas/liosta.php?t1=ga&amp;t2=gd&amp;uasCiana=8&amp;uasAireamh=400&amp;hl=ga Gaeilge→Gàidhlig]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} agus [http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/gaidhlig/faclair/bunadas/liosta.php?t1=gd&amp;t2=ga&amp;uasCiana=8&amp;uasAireamh=400&amp;hl=ga Gàidhlig→Gaeilge]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.linguae-celticae.org/GLS_english.htm Gàidhlig (Scottish Gaelic) Local Studies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229110410/http://www.linguae-celticae.org/GLS_english.htm |date=2010-12-29 }}

{{Teangacha Ceilteacha}}

[[Catagóir:Gaeilge na hAlban| ]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Albain]]
[[Catagóir:Teangacha na Ríochta Aontaithe]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Baile an Mhóta (Sligeach)</title>
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{{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}}
Is baile margaidh é '''Baile an Mhóta'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Logainm&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1416770|title=Baile an Mhóta/Ballymote {{!}} logainm.ie|publisher=[[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]]|access-date=2023-06-22|language=ga|work=[[Logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (Logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt; (''Ballymote'' as [[Béarla]]), atá suite i ndeisceart [[Contae Shligigh|Chontae Shligigh]].&lt;ref&gt;https://www.logainm.ie/en/1416770&lt;/ref&gt; Tá an baile fós ag fás. Is baile stairiúil é, le [[Caisleán Baile an Mhóta]], a thóg Risteard Óg de Burgh sa bhliain [[1300]]. Deirtear go raibh [[Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta]] scríofa istigh ann.

Tá Baile an Mhóta lonnaithe ar na bóithre réigiúnacha R293, R295 agus R296, agus ar an iarnród ó [[BÁC|Bhaile Átha Cliath]] go [[Sligeach]].

[[Íomhá:Fighting 69th Monument in Ballymote.JPG|thumb|left|Séadchomhartha Náisiúnta na hÉireann i gCuimhneachán na &quot;Fighting 69th&quot; i mBaile an Mhóta]]
D'oscail méara Nua-Eabhrac [[Michael Bloomberg]] [[Séadchomhartha Náisiúnta na hÉireann]] i gcuimhneachán na &quot;Fighting 69th&quot; i mBaile an Mhóta ar an [[22 Lúnasa]] [[2006]].

== Daoine cáiliúla ==
* [[Andrew Kerins|An Bráthair Walfrid]], bunaitheoir [[Celtic Football Club]]
* [[Michael Corcoran]], Brigadier General don 69ú Reisimint Infantry (''The Fighting 69th'') le linn [[Cogadh Cathartha SAM|Chogadh Cathartha SAM]]
* [[Seán Ó Poire]] (John Perry), [[Teachta Dála]]
* [[Eamon Ó Scanláin]] (Eamon Scanlon), Teachta Dála

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Síol-tír-ie}}

[[Catagóir:Bailte i gContae Shligigh|Baile An Mhota]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>5 Iúil</title>
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      <text bytes="4019" sha1="jrg2ymmiz4xgbq301n7jsdt6h5zkx38" xml:space="preserve">{{Iúil}}
Is é an '''5 Iúil''' an 186ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 187ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 179 lá fágtha sa bhliain.

== Féilte ==
* [[An Ailgéir]] - Lá na Saoirse ([[1962]])
* [[An Airméin]] - Lá an Bhunreachta ([[1995]])
* [[Oileán Mhanann]] - ''Laa Tinvaal'' (&quot;Lá [[Tinbheal]]&quot;, [[1266]])
* [[Rinn Verde]] - Lá na Saoirse ([[1975]])
* [[Veiniséala]] - Lá na Saoirse ([[1811]])

== Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo ==
* [[1795]] — [[Benjamin Morrell]], taiscéalaí Meiriceánach
* [[1810]] — [[P. T. Barnum]], fear seó agus polaiteoir Meiriceánach
* [[1849]] — [[William Thomas Stead]], iriseoir Briotanach
* [[1853]] — [[Cecil Rhodes]], plandóir Sasanach a bhunaigh stát na [[An Róidéis|Róidéise]] i ndeisceart na hAfraice (b. [[1902]])
* [[1885]] — [[André Lhote]], dealbhóir agus péintéir Francach
* [[1911]] — [[Georges Pompidou]], Uachtarán na Fraince (b. [[1974]])
* [[1926]] — [[Salvador Jorge Blanco]], Uachtarán na Poblachta Doiminicí
* [[1928]] — [[Pierre Mauroy]], Phríomh-Aire na Fraince (b. [[2013]])
* [[1932]] — [[Gyula Horn]], polaiteoir Ungárach
* [[1936]] — [[Alan Kelly (imreoir)|Alan Kelly]], peileadóir agus bainisteoir Éireannach
* [[1936]] — [[Brendan Halligan]], polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[1939]] — [[Hugh Byrne (Fine Gael)|Hugh Byrne]], polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[1946]] — [[Gerardus 't Hooft]], fisiceoir teoiriciúil Ísiltíreach
* [[1950]] — [[Huey Lewis]], Amhránaí Meiriceánach
* [[1951]] — [[Roger Wicker]], polaiteoir Meiriceánach
* [[1953]] — [[Jörg Tauss]], polaiteoir Gearmánach
* [[1954]] — [[Don Stark]], aisteoir Meiriceánach
* [[1958]] — [[Veronica Guerin]], iriseoir Éireannach (b. [[1996]])
* [[1962]] — [[Tanya S. Chutkan]], breitheamh dúiche Meiriceánach
* [[1967]] — [[Anne Frater]], file Gaeilge as Albain
* [[1969]] — [[Eduardo Riedel]], polaiteoir Brasaíleach
* [[1969]] — [[Michael O'Neill]], imreoir sacair as Tuaisceart Éireann
* [[1973]] — [[Róisín Murphy]],  amhránaí, cumadóir amhrán 
* [[1975]] — [[Hernán Crespo]], imreoir sacair Airgintíneach
* [[1976]] — [[Arthur Spring]], polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[1977]] — [[Nicolas Kiefer]], imreoir leadóige Gearmánach
* [[1979]] — [[Amélie Mauresmo]], imreoir leadóige Francach
* [[1979]] — [[Shane Filan]], amhránaí Éireannach
* [[1979]] — [[Stilian Petrov]], imreoir sacair
* [[1985]] — [[Megan Rapinoe]], imreoir sacair Meiriceánach
* [[1987]] — [[Gerard Barrett]], stiúrthóir scannán
* [[1991]] — [[Gavin James]], ceoltóir Éireannach

== Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo ==
* [[1816]] — [[Dorothy Jordan]], 54, aisteoir Éireannach agus bean luí [[Liam IV na Ríochta Aontaithe|Uilliam IV na Ríochta Aontaithe]] (r. [[1761]])
* [[1833]] — [[Nicéphore Niépce|Joseph Nicéphore Niepce]], ceimicí Francach (r. [[1765]])
* [[1911]] — [[George Johnston Stoney]], fisiceoir Éireannach (r. [[1826]])
* [[1930]] — [[Bryan Cooper]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1884]])
* [[1945]] — [[John Curtin]], polaiteoir Astrálach agus 14ú Príomh-Aire na hAstráile (r. [[1885]])
* [[1948]] — [[Carole Landis]], ban-aisteoir (r. [[1919]])
* [[1969]] — [[Walter Adolph Gropius]], ailtire Gearmánach (r. [[1883]])
* [[1993]] — [[Tomás Mag Uidhir]], poblachtánach agus polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1892]])
* [[2024]] — [[Bengt Samuelsson|Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson]], bithcheimiceoir Sualannach (r. [[1934]])

== Tarluithe eile ==
* [[1811]] - D'fhógair [[Veiniséala]] a neamhspleáchas ón [[An Spáinn|Spáinn]]
* [[1830]] - Rinne [[an Fhrainc]] ionradh ar [[an Ailgéir]]
* [[1884]] - Ghlac [[An Ghearmáin]] seilbh ar [[Camarún|Chamarún]]
* [[1865]] - Bhunaigh [[William Booth]] [[Arm an tSlánaithe]] i [[Londain]]
* [[1981]] - Gortaíodh suas le 30 póilín i [[Learpholl]] na [[An Bhreatain|Breataine]] nuair a bhris círéib agus bradaíocht amach ansin
&lt;!-- idirvicí --&gt;

[[Catagóir:Dátaí|0705]]
[[Catagóir:Míonna|Iúil, 05]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4145" sha1="25xpsup6udelmxqqhbalw7pxc7bnpyf" xml:space="preserve">{{Iúil}}
Is é an '''5 Iúil''' an 186ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 187ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 179 lá fágtha sa bhliain.

== Féilte ==
* [[An Ailgéir]] - Lá na Saoirse ([[1962]])
* [[An Airméin]] - Lá an Bhunreachta ([[1995]])
* [[Oileán Mhanann]] - ''Laa Tinvaal'' (&quot;Lá [[Tinbheal]]&quot;, [[1266]])
* [[Rinn Verde]] - Lá na Saoirse ([[1975]])
* [[Veiniséala]] - Lá na Saoirse ([[1811]])

== Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo ==
* [[1795]] — [[Benjamin Morrell]], taiscéalaí Meiriceánach (b. [[1859]])
* [[1810]] — [[P. T. Barnum]], fear seó agus polaiteoir Meiriceánach (b. [[1891]])
* [[1849]] — [[William Thomas Stead]], iriseoir Briotanach (b. [[1912]])
* [[1853]] — [[Cecil Rhodes]], plandóir Sasanach a bhunaigh stát na [[An Róidéis|Róidéise]] i ndeisceart na hAfraice (b. [[1902]])
* [[1885]] — [[André Lhote]], dealbhóir agus péintéir Francach (b. [[1962]])
* [[1911]] — [[Georges Pompidou]], Uachtarán na Fraince (b. [[1974]])
* [[1926]] — [[Salvador Jorge Blanco]], Uachtarán na Poblachta Doiminicí (b. [[2010]])
* [[1928]] — [[Pierre Mauroy]], Phríomh-Aire na Fraince (b. [[2013]])
* [[1932]] — [[Gyula Horn]], polaiteoir Ungárach (b. [[2013]])
* [[1936]] — [[Alan Kelly (imreoir)|Alan Kelly]], peileadóir agus bainisteoir Éireannach (b. [[2009]])
* [[1936]] — [[Brendan Halligan]], polaiteoir Éireannach (B. [[2020]])
* [[1939]] — [[Hugh Byrne (Fine Gael)|Hugh Byrne]], polaiteoir Éireannach (B. [[2023]])
* [[1946]] — [[Gerardus 't Hooft]], fisiceoir teoiriciúil Ísiltíreach
* [[1950]] — [[Huey Lewis]], Amhránaí Meiriceánach
* [[1951]] — [[Roger Wicker]], polaiteoir Meiriceánach
* [[1953]] — [[Jörg Tauss]], polaiteoir Gearmánach
* [[1954]] — [[Don Stark]], aisteoir Meiriceánach
* [[1958]] — [[Veronica Guerin]], iriseoir Éireannach (b. [[1996]])
* [[1962]] — [[Tanya S. Chutkan]], breitheamh dúiche Meiriceánach
* [[1967]] — [[Anne Frater]], file Gaeilge as Albain
* [[1969]] — [[Eduardo Riedel]], polaiteoir Brasaíleach
* [[1969]] — [[Michael O'Neill]], imreoir sacair as Tuaisceart Éireann
* [[1973]] — [[Róisín Murphy]],  amhránaí, cumadóir amhrán 
* [[1975]] — [[Hernán Crespo]], imreoir sacair Airgintíneach
* [[1976]] — [[Arthur Spring]], polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[1977]] — [[Nicolas Kiefer]], imreoir leadóige Gearmánach
* [[1979]] — [[Amélie Mauresmo]], imreoir leadóige Francach
* [[1979]] — [[Shane Filan]], amhránaí Éireannach
* [[1979]] — [[Stilian Petrov]], imreoir sacair
* [[1985]] — [[Megan Rapinoe]], imreoir sacair Meiriceánach
* [[1987]] — [[Gerard Barrett]], stiúrthóir scannán
* [[1991]] — [[Gavin James]], ceoltóir Éireannach

== Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo ==
* [[1816]] — [[Dorothy Jordan]], 54, aisteoir Éireannach agus bean luí [[Liam IV na Ríochta Aontaithe|Uilliam IV na Ríochta Aontaithe]] (r. [[1761]])
* [[1833]] — [[Nicéphore Niépce|Joseph Nicéphore Niepce]], ceimicí Francach (r. [[1765]])
* [[1911]] — [[George Johnston Stoney]], fisiceoir Éireannach (r. [[1826]])
* [[1930]] — [[Bryan Cooper]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1884]])
* [[1945]] — [[John Curtin]], polaiteoir Astrálach agus 14ú Príomh-Aire na hAstráile (r. [[1885]])
* [[1948]] — [[Carole Landis]], ban-aisteoir (r. [[1919]])
* [[1969]] — [[Walter Adolph Gropius]], ailtire Gearmánach (r. [[1883]])
* [[1993]] — [[Tomás Mag Uidhir]], poblachtánach agus polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1892]])
* [[2024]] — [[Bengt Samuelsson|Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson]], bithcheimiceoir Sualannach (r. [[1934]])

== Tarluithe eile ==
* [[1811]] - D'fhógair [[Veiniséala]] a neamhspleáchas ón [[An Spáinn|Spáinn]]
* [[1830]] - Rinne [[an Fhrainc]] ionradh ar [[an Ailgéir]]
* [[1884]] - Ghlac [[An Ghearmáin]] seilbh ar [[Camarún|Chamarún]]
* [[1865]] - Bhunaigh [[William Booth]] [[Arm an tSlánaithe]] i [[Londain]]
* [[1981]] - Gortaíodh suas le 30 póilín i [[Learpholl]] na [[An Bhreatain|Breataine]] nuair a bhris círéib agus bradaíocht amach ansin
&lt;!-- idirvicí --&gt;

[[Catagóir:Dátaí|0705]]
[[Catagóir:Míonna|Iúil, 05]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4917" sha1="5aw8p0y858mjx7bc1lx8d1h77glb71m" xml:space="preserve">{{Iúil}}
Is é an '''5 Iúil''' an 186ú lá den bhliain de réir fhéilire Ghréagóra nó an 187ú lá i mbliain bhisigh. Tá 179 lá fágtha sa bhliain.

== Féilte ==
* [[An Ailgéir]] - Lá na Saoirse ([[1962]])
* [[An Airméin]] - Lá an Bhunreachta ([[1995]])
* [[Oileán Mhanann]] - ''Laa Tinvaal'' (&quot;Lá [[Tinbheal]]&quot;, [[1266]])
* [[Rinn Verde]] - Lá na Saoirse ([[1975]])
* [[Veiniséala]] - Lá na Saoirse ([[1811]])

== Daoine a rugadh ar an lá seo ==
* [[1795]] — [[Benjamin Morrell]], taiscéalaí Meiriceánach (b. [[1859]])
* [[1810]] — [[P. T. Barnum]], fear seó agus polaiteoir Meiriceánach (b. [[1891]])
* [[1849]] — [[William Thomas Stead]], iriseoir Briotanach (b. [[1912]])
* [[1853]] — [[Cecil Rhodes]], plandóir Sasanach a bhunaigh stát na [[An Róidéis|Róidéise]] i ndeisceart na hAfraice (b. [[1902]])
* [[1885]] — [[André Lhote]], dealbhóir agus péintéir Francach (b. [[1962]])
* [[1911]] — [[Georges Pompidou]], Uachtarán na Fraince (b. [[1974]])
* [[1926]] — [[Salvador Jorge Blanco]], Uachtarán na Poblachta Doiminicí (b. [[2010]])
* [[1928]] — [[Pierre Mauroy]], Phríomh-Aire na Fraince (b. [[2013]])
* [[1932]] — [[Gyula Horn]], polaiteoir Ungárach (b. [[2013]])
* [[1936]] — [[Alan Kelly (imreoir)|Alan Kelly]], peileadóir agus bainisteoir Éireannach (b. [[2009]])
* [[1936]] — [[Brendan Halligan]], polaiteoir Éireannach (B. [[2020]])
* [[1939]] — [[Hugh Byrne (Fine Gael)|Hugh Byrne]], polaiteoir Éireannach (B. [[2023]])
* [[1946]] — [[Gerardus 't Hooft]], fisiceoir teoiriciúil Ísiltíreach
* [[1950]] — [[Huey Lewis]], Amhránaí Meiriceánach
* [[1951]] — [[Roger Wicker]], polaiteoir Meiriceánach
* [[1953]] — [[Jörg Tauss]], polaiteoir Gearmánach
* [[1954]] — [[Don Stark]], aisteoir Meiriceánach
* [[1958]] — [[Veronica Guerin]], iriseoir Éireannach (b. [[1996]])
* [[1962]] — [[Tanya S. Chutkan]], breitheamh dúiche Meiriceánach
* [[1967]] — [[Anne Frater]], file Gaeilge as Albain
* [[1969]] — [[Eduardo Riedel]], polaiteoir Brasaíleach
* [[1969]] — [[Michael O'Neill]], imreoir sacair as Tuaisceart Éireann
* [[1973]] — [[Róisín Murphy]],  amhránaí, cumadóir amhrán 
* [[1975]] — [[Hernán Crespo]], imreoir sacair Airgintíneach
* [[1976]] — [[Arthur Spring]], polaiteoir Éireannach
* [[1977]] — [[Nicolas Kiefer]], imreoir leadóige Gearmánach
* [[1979]] — [[Amélie Mauresmo]], imreoir leadóige Francach
* [[1979]] — [[Shane Filan]], amhránaí Éireannach
* [[1979]] — [[Stilian Petrov]], imreoir sacair
* [[1985]] — [[Megan Rapinoe]], imreoir sacair Meiriceánach
* [[1987]] — [[Gerard Barrett]], stiúrthóir scannán
* [[1991]] — [[Gavin James]], ceoltóir Éireannach

== Daoine a fuair bás ar an lá seo ==
* [[1816]] — [[Dorothy Jordan]], 54, aisteoir Éireannach agus bean luí [[Liam IV na Ríochta Aontaithe|Uilliam IV na Ríochta Aontaithe]] (r. [[1761]])
* [[1833]] — [[Nicéphore Niépce|Joseph Nicéphore Niepce]], ceimicí Francach (r. [[1765]])
* [[1911]] — [[George Johnston Stoney]], fisiceoir Éireannach (r. [[1826]])
* [[1930]] — [[Bryan Cooper]], polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1884]])
* [[1945]] — [[John Curtin]], polaiteoir Astrálach agus 14ú Príomh-Aire na hAstráile (r. [[1885]])
* [[1948]] — [[Carole Landis]], ban-aisteoir (r. [[1919]])
* [[1969]] — [[Walter Adolph Gropius]], ailtire Gearmánach (r. [[1883]])
* [[1993]] — [[Tomás Mag Uidhir]], poblachtánach agus polaiteoir Éireannach (r. [[1892]])
* [[2024]] — [[Bengt Samuelsson|Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson]], bithcheimiceoir Sualannach (r. [[1934]])

== Tarluithe eile ==
* [[1811]] - D'fhógair [[Veiniséala]] a neamhspleáchas ón [[An Spáinn|Spáinn]]
* [[1830]] - Rinne [[an Fhrainc]] ionradh ar [[an Ailgéir]]
* [[1884]] - Ghlac [[An Ghearmáin]] seilbh ar [[Camarún|Chamarún]]
* [[1865]] - Bhunaigh [[William Booth]] [[Arm an tSlánaithe]] i [[Londain]]
* [[1948]] - Bunaíodh [[An tSeirbhís Náisiúnta Sláinte]] s[[an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
* [[1962]] - D'fhógair [[an Ailgéir]] neamhspleáchas ón [[an Fhrainc|Fhrainc]]  
* [[1975]] - D'éirigh [[Arthur Ashe]] an chéad fhear [[Daoine gorma|gorm]] [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbeldon]] a bhuachan
* [[1975]] - Bhain [[Cabo Verde]] neamhspleáchas amach ón [[an Phortaingéil|Phortaingéil]] 
* [[1980]] - Bhuaigh [[Björn Borg]] [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] don chúigiú huair i ndiaidh a chéile
* [[1981]] - Gortaíodh suas le 30 póilín i [[Learpholl]] na [[An Bhreatain|Breataine]] nuair a bhris círéib agus bradaíocht amach ansin
* [[1994]] - Bunaíodh [[Amazon (comhlacht)|Amazon]]
* [[2022]] - D'éirigh [[Aire rialtais|airí]] [[Sajid Javid]] agus [[Rishi Sunak]] as an [[Rialtas na Ríochta Aontaithe|rialtas Briotanach]]. Thosaigh seo géarchéim rialtais do [[Boris Johnson]]
&lt;!-- idirvicí --&gt;

[[Catagóir:Dátaí|0705]]
[[Catagóir:Míonna|Iúil, 05]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Molière</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7214</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1272788</id>
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      <timestamp>2025-07-05T18:11:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lesgles</username>
        <id>4037</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bain mé an teideal fada mícheart de L’Avare (féach [[en:Talk:The Miser]]).</comment>
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      <text bytes="2761" sha1="9twbs1fjuu2raf872a0hn1fg5ey90wc" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}

Duine de phríomh[[Drámadóir|dhrámadóir]]í na [[an Fhrainc|Fraince]] ab ea '''Molière''' ([[15 Eanáir]], [[1622]] - [[17 Feabhra]], [[1673]]). Rugadh é faoin ainm '''Jean-Baptiste Poquelin''' i b[[Páras]] i [[1622]]. 

Rinne sé staidéar ar an [[dlí]] in [[Orléans]] ach chuir a easpa codlata as dá chuid staidéir agus níor chríochnaigh sé iad. Bhuail sé leis na Béjart, muintir aisteoirí, agus bhunaigh siad ''L’Illustre Théâtre'' sa bhliain [[1644]]. Is faoin am seo a thóg sé an t-ainm pinn Molière. Theip ar an ngrúpa sé mhí déag ina dhiaidh sin, de bharr fadhbanna [[Airgead (eacnamaíocht)|airgid]]. 
[[Íomhá:Moliére 1.jpg|clé|mion|317x317px]]
D'fhág na Béjart le Molière Páras i [[1646]] agus chuaigh siad go [[Bordeaux]]. Bhí Madame Béjart faoi choimirce an Diúc d’Épernon agus bhunaigh siad grúpa eile faoi stiúradh Charles Dufresne, ag taistil ar fud [[Languedoc]]. Thosaigh Molière ag scríobh thart faoin am seo, ag tosú leis na coiméidí ''La Jalousie du barbouillé'' agus ''Le Médecin volant''. 

Meascán de ghreann agus d'aoir atá ann.

Fuair sé bás conspóideach ar [[17 Feabhra]] [[1673]], rue de Richelieu, i bPáras, Bhí an phríomhpháirt aige i ndráma a scríobh sé, ''Le Malade Imaginaire'', agus bhuail taom croí é, b'fhéidir. Faoi [[Strus (síceolaíocht)|strus]], ní raibh sé ach 51 bliain d'aois ag an am.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Mort de Molière|url=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mort_de_Moli%C3%A8re&amp;oldid=165311660|journal=Wikipédia|date=2019-12-11|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Na drámaí is tábhachtaí ==

* ''Le Médecin volant'' (1645)—''The Flying Doctor''
* ''L'École des femmes'' (26 Nollaig 1662;  — ''The Amorous Flea'' nó ''The School for Wives''
* ''Tartuffe ou L'Imposteur'' (12 Bealtaine 1664)—''Tartuffe, or, the Impostor''
* ''Le Misanthrope ou L'Atrabilaire amoureux'' (4 Meitheamh 1666)—''The Misanthrope, or, the Cantankerous Lover''
* ''Le Médecin malgré lui'' (6 L unasa 1666)—''The Doctor in Spite of Himself''
* ''L'Avare'' (9 M.F. 1668)—''The Miser''
* ''Le Bourgeois gentilhomme'' (14 D.F. 1670)—''The Bourgeois Gentleman''
* ''Les Fourberies de Scapin'' (24 Bealtaine 1671)—''The Impostures of Scapin''
* ''Les Femmes savantes'' (11 Márta 1672)—''The Learned Ladies''
* ''Le Malade imaginaire'' (10 Feabhra 1673)—''The Imaginary Invalid'' (or ''The Hypochondriac'')

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Síol}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Molière}}
[[Catagóir:Drámadóirí Francacha]]
[[Catagóir:Filí Francacha]]
[[Catagóir:Aisteoirí Francacha]]
[[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Francacha]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine as Páras]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1622]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1673]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>An Chóiré Thuaidh</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>10238</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1272772</id>
      <parentid>1262338</parentid>
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        <username>Toruhoney</username>
        <id>67686</id>
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      <text bytes="6876" sha1="blap6dt8cyzf1zi4g20qzskg9ku16lv" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}}
Tír [[cumannachas|chummanach]] atá suite in oirthear na h[[An Áise|Áise]] ar an dtaobh tuaisceartach de [[Leithinis na Cóiré]] í '''an Chóire Thuaidh''', nó '''Daonphoblacht Dhaonlathach na Cóiré'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/2020/0319/1124114-cursai-in-north-korea/|teideal=Cúrsaí In North Korea|údar=RTÉ|dáta=1990|language=ga-IE|work=RTÉ Archives|dátarochtana=2025-04-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tá teorainneacha ann leis na g[[An Chóiré Theas|Cóiré Theas]] sa deisceart, le [[Daon-Phoblacht na Síne]] sa tuaisceart, agus leis an Rúis san oirthuaisceart.
[[Íomhá:Kim Jong-il 2011-5 (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|Kim Jong-il sa bhliain 2011]]
[[Íomhá:Kim Jong-un April 2019 (cropped).jpg|clé|mion|Kim Jong-un in 2019]]
[[Íomhá:North Korea (5015262637).jpg|clé|mion|Tá an pobal  beo bocht]]

== Polaitíocht ==
Tá an Chóiré Thuaidh ar cheann de na tíortha agus is míleata agus is rúnda  ar domhain. Ó bhí 1948 ann, bhí trí ghlúin de theaghlach Kim i gceannas ar an tír chumannach seo, le cumhacht na tíre tugtha don chéad glúin eile den chlann i gcónaí.

Tá rialacha ar leith i bhfeidhm sa tír, agus bhí leis na blianta, a chuireann srian ar na meáin idirnáisiúnta tuairisciú mar is ceart ar cad é atá ag tarlú sa tír. Tá smacht daingean ag ceannaire [[Kim Jong-un|Kim Jong-Un]] ar ghnáthshaol mhuintir na tíre agus tá fíor-bheagán eolas acu siúd ar cad é atá ag tarlú taobh amuigh dá dtír féin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/seachtain/seachtain-an-caidreamh-aisteach-idir-eireann-agus-an-tir-is-runda-ar-domhain/a1435899702.html|teideal=An caidreamh aisteach idir Éireann agus an tír is rúnda ar domhain|údar=Bill Breathnach|dáta=2025-02-06|language=ga-IE|work=www.independent.ie|foilsitheoir=Seachtain|dátarochtana=2025-04-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Éire ==
Tá sé deacair a thuiscint an ceangal a bhí ag an córas cumannach rúnda seo, faoi riail theaghlach ‘ríoga’ Kim, le grúpaí in Éirinn.  Ach chuaigh an t[[An tIRA Oifigiúil|IRA Oifigiúil]] sa 20ú haois go dtí an Chóiré Thuaidh chun teaicticí míleata a fhoghlaim is cosúil. Bhí líomhaintí á scaipeadh go rábach sna 1980idí agus 1990idí go raibh an ghluaiseacht poblachtánach Oifigiúil ag tiomsú arm agus airgid ón gCóiré Thuaidh.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/seachtain/cynthia-ni-mhurchu-ag-amharc-siar-ar-an-turas-oibre-go-dti-an-tir-is-runda-ar-domhan/a927016379.html|teideal=Cynthia Ní Mhurchú ag amharc siar ar an turas oibre go dtí an tír is rúnda ar domhan|údar=Bill Breathnach|dáta=2024-12-18|language=ga-IE|work=www.independent.ie|dátarochtana=2025-04-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/news/when-comhaltas-and-cynthia-ni-mhurchu-went-to-north-korea/39797359.html|teideal=When Comhaltas and Cynthia Ní Mhurchú went to North Korea|údar=JJ O'Donoghue|dáta=2020-11-28|language=en|work=www.independent.ie|dátarochtana=2025-04-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ag an am céanna, bhí ceall rúnda ag Páirtí na nOibrithe, a bhí bainteach leis an ngluaiseacht seo, ag obair in RTÉ. Cé go raibh cosc iomlán ar iriseoirí an chraoltóra a bheith páirteach in aon eagraíocht pholaitíochta, bhí go leor ainmneacha clúiteacha ina bhall de Chumann Ned Stapleton de chuid an IRA Oifigiúil, mar a tugadh air.
[[Íomhá:1718705088377 20240617 NI MHURCHU Cynthia IE 007.jpg|clé|mion|Cynthia Ní Mhurchú]]
Sa bhliain 1990, nuair bhí an tAontas Sóivéadach ag titim as a chéile, agus thug an caidreamh aisteach seo deis do [[Cynthia Ní Mhurchú]], láithreoir de chuid RTÉ ag an am, dul go dtí an Chóiré Thuaidh.

Níl sé ró-shoiléir cén chaoi ar cuireadh tús leis an gclár, ach bhí ról lárnach ag ceannaire an IRA Oifigiúil, Seán Garland, le malartú cultúrtha a eagrú idir Éire agus an Chóiré Thuaidh. Tugadh cead d’fhoireann an chláir Cúrsaí dul go dtí an stát cumannach in éindí le toscaireacht ó Chomhaltas Ceoltóirí Éireann le clár teilifíse a dhéanamh.

Tugadh cead don fhoireann faoi cheannaireacht an stiúrthóra [[Michael Davitt (file)|Michael Davitt]] dhá chlár a dhéanamh; ceann faoin malartú idir ceoltóirí na hÉireann agus an Chóiré Thuaidh, agus ceann ag déanamh cur síos ar státchóras na tíre. Ach ní raibh siad in ann díriú ar cheisteanna conspóideacha polaitiúla agus treoraí as an gCóiré ag déanamh feitheoireacht orthu an t-am ar fad a bhí siad sa tír.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

“Chuile dhuine a bhí amuigh ar na sráideanna, bhí siad ag caitheamh an ‘boilersuit’. Ghlac mé ó na héadaí go raibh daoine ag dul isteach sa mhonarchan. B’fhéidir go raibh cuid acu ach bhí chuile dhuine ag caitheamh na n-éadaí céanna dúghorma.

“Ní raibh siopaí le feiscint, ní raibh aon phríomhshráid cosúil le Sráid Ghrafton. Is cuimhin liom ar na sráideanna an rud ab fheiceálaí ná na póstaeir agus na deilbh den cheannaire aoibhin Kim Il Sung agus an mac Kim Jong Il.”

Bhí brú eacnamaíochta uafásach ar an gCóiré Thuaidh nuair a bhí Ní Mhurchú ar cuairt ann de bharr an éagobhsaíocht pholaitíochta a bhí ag scaipeadh tríd an domhan cumannach ag an am. Ach bhí an dream ó RTÉ scartha ón mbochtanas is measa a bhí ann. “Bhí fear fáilte na Cóiré Thuaidh ag iarraidh nach bhfeicfeadh muid a leithéid agus go bhfeicfeadh muid an tír iontach a bhí acu agus na foirgnimh iontacha groí móra,” a deir Ní Mhurchú. Thug sí cuairt ar na goirt ríse taobh amuigh de Pyongyang [an phríomhchathair]  agus bhí siad beo bocht.

D’fhulaing an tír gorta tubaisteach ceithre bliana níos déanaí in 1994.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== 21ú haois ===
Chruthaigh an caidreamh idir an IRA Oifigiúil agus an Chóiré Thuaidh neart conspóide ó shin. In 2005, chur rialtas Mheiriceá i leith Sheáin Garland go raibh baint aige le nótaí dollar bréagacha a rinneadh sa Chóiré Thuaidh a thabhairt chun na hEorpa, cé gur shéan sé na líomhaintí sin. In 2012, dhiúltaigh Ard-Chúirt na hÉireann iarratas Mheiriceá Garland a eiseachadadh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Cinnlínte Nuachta|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/nuacht/2011/1221/358284-nuacht/|date=2011-12-21|language=ga-IE|author=Nuacht RTÉ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ceaptar fós, sa lá atá inniu ann, go bhfuil na mílte gunnaí as an gCóiré Thuaidh curtha i bhfolach ag an IRA Oifigiúil i dtaiscí rúnda ar fud na hÉireann. Tá an baol ann nach dtiocfar orthu go brách mar go bhfuil formhór na ndaoine a raibh láithreacha na dtaiscí sin ar eolas acu marbh anois.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Stair na Cóiré]] 
* [[Kim Jong-un|Kim Jong-Un]] 

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Coire Thuaidh, an}}
[[Catagóir:An Chóiré Thuaidh]]
[[Catagóir:Ballstáit na Náisiún Aontaithe]]
[[Catagóir:IRA Oifigiúil]]</text>
      <sha1>blap6dt8cyzf1zi4g20qzskg9ku16lv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gaeilge na Mumhan</title>
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[[Íomhá:Gaeltacht.svg|deas|200px|thumb|An Ghaeilge i gCúige Mumhan.]]
Is í '''Gaeilge na Mumhan''' [[canúint]] dheisceartach na [[Gaeilge]]. Tá difríochtaí suntasacha idir Gaeilge na Mumhan agus na canúintí eile. Labhraítear [[canúint|canúintí]] den gcineál seo i g[[Ciarraí]] (go háirithe i n[[Gaeltacht]] [[Corca Dhuibhne|Chorca Dhuibhne]] agus [[Uíbh Ráthach|Ciarraí Theas]]), i g[[Cúil Aodha]], in [[Oileán Chléire]] agus i [[An Rinn (Contae Phort Láirge)|nGaeltacht na Rinne]]. Bhí an-ról ag Gaeilge na Mumhan i bhforbairt na [[Litríocht na Gaeilge|litríochta nua-aimseartha Gaeilge]] ós rud é gurb i nGaeilge na Mumhan a scríobh an tAthair [[Peadar Ua Laoghaire]] ''[[oldwikisource:Séadna|Séadna]]'', an chéad úrscéal riamh dá scríobhadh i nGaeilge, agus gur chuir gníomhaithe agus saineolaí teangan an-spéis inti. Chomh maith leis sin, ba í Gaeilge na Mumhan a bhí mar chanúint ag údair na gclasaiceach Blascaodach: [[Peig|''Peig'']] le Peig Sayers, [[An tOileánach|''An tOileánach'']] le [[Tomás Ó Criomhthain]], agus [[Fiche Blian ag Fás]] le [[Muiris Ó Súilleabháin]]. Is dócha gurb iad [[Pádraig Ó Cíobháin]], [[Máire Mhac an tSaoi]], [[Maidhc Dainín Ó Sé]], [[Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill]] agus [[Alan Titley]] na scríbhneoirí comhaimseartha is bisiúla sa chanúint.

== Saintréithe Ghaeilge na Mumhan ==

Is féidir difríochtaí a aithint idir na mionchanúintí Muimhneacha féin, ach seo iad na saintréithe is suntasaí atá ag baint leo:

* Cuirtear an bhéim ar an nguta fada, fiú nuair nach é an chéad ghuta san fhocal é.

* Fuaimnítear an ''-igh/-idh'' i ndeireadh an fhocail mar a bheadh ''-ig'' ann

* Coinnítear an chuid is mó d'fhoirmeacha táite na mbriathar: ''chaitheas'' in áit ''chaith mé'', ''duart'' nó ''dúrt'' in áit ''dúirt mé'', ''chonac'' in áit ''chonaic mé'', ''caithfeam'' in áit ''caithfimid''

* Úsáidtear ''go'', ''ní'' agus araile in áit ''gur'', ''níor'' mar mhíreanna briathartha fiú más briathar rialta atá i gceist: ''ní chaitheas'' in áit ''níor chaith mé''. Nós gnáthchainte é seo nach bhfeictear go minic sa scríbhneoireacht.

* Séimhítear ''sm-'': ''do shmaoiníos'' in áit ''smaoinigh mé''.

* Úsáidtear na foirmeacha neamhspleácha de na briathra fiú nuair a bheifeá ag súil leis na foirmeacha spleácha: ''go ngeibheann'' in áit ''go bhfaigheann'', ''ní chonac'' nó ''níor chonac'' in áit ''ní fhaca mé'', ''go gcíonn sé'' in áit ''go bhfeiceann sé''.

== Na Briathra Rialta i nGaeilge na Mumhan ==

=== An Aimsir Láithreach ===

* caithim
* caithir, caitheann tú
* caitheann sé, sí
* caithimíd
* caitheann sibh
* caithid, caithid siad
* caitear
* osclaím
* osclaír, osclaíonn tú
* osclaíonn sé, sí
* osclaímíd
* osclaíonn sibh
* osclaíd, osclaíd siad
* osclaítear

=== An Aimsir Fháistineach ===

* caithfead
* caithfir
* caithfidh sé, sí
* caithfeam, caithfimíd
* caithfidh sibh
* caithfid, caithfid siad
* caithfear
* osclód
* osclóir
* osclóidh sé, sí
* osclóm, osclóimíd
* osclóidh sibh
* osclóid, osclóid siad
* osclófar

=== An Modh Coinníollach ===

Cloistear an ''do'' roimh na consain féin go minic i nGaeilge na Mumhan. Go praiticiúil, áfach, is mar ''dh-'' a fhuaimnítear é roimh na gutaí, is é sin, b'fhearr, abair, ''d'osclóinn'' a litriú mar ''dh'osclóinn'' nó ''do dh'osclóinn'' leis an bhfíorfhuaimniú a chur in iúl - rud a d'fheicfeá i bhfoilseacháin bhéaloidis ina bhfuiltear ag déanamh dlúthaithris ar an gcanúint.

* do chaithfinn
* do chaithfeá
* do chaithfeadh sé
* do chaithfimis
* do chaithfeadh sibh
* do chaithfidís
* do chaithfí
* d'osclóinn
* d'osclófá
* d'osclódh sé
* d'osclóimis
* d'osclódh sibh
* d'osclóidís
* d'osclófaí

=== An Aimsir Chaite ===

* do chaitheas
* do chaithis
* do chaith sé, sí
* do chaitheamar, do chaitheamair
* do chaitheabhair - tá sé ag brath ar an bhfochanúint áitiúil cé acu a fhuaimnítear an iarmhír seo ''-abhair'' mar -úir nó mar -avair.
* do chaitheadar
* do caitheadh (déantar &quot;chaitheadh&quot; de i gcanúint na Rinne, áfach). Is mar -ch nó mar -g a fhuaimnítear an iarmhír sin ''-adh'' san fhoirm seo, agus ní mar -ú, mar a dhéantar sna canúintí níos faide thuaidh.
* d'osclaíos
* d'osclaís
* d'oscail sé, sí
* d'osclaíomar, d'osclaíomair
* d'osclaíobhair
* d'osclaíodar
* do hosclaíodh

Tabhair faoi deara arís gur gnáth ''dh'osclaíos, dh'osclaís'' agus araile a dhéanamh de sa chaint. Le fírinne d'fheicfeá leithéidí ''do dh'oscail'', ''do dh'éirigh'' sna díolamaí béaloidis ina ndéantar aithris chruinn ar fhíorfhuaimniú na canúna.

Maidir leis na briathra neamhrialta, in áit an ''-as'', is é an dóigh a gcuireann siad an chéad phearsa uatha in iúl san aimsir chaite ná leathnú an chonsain dheireanaigh: ''thánag'' &quot;tháinig mé&quot;, ''dúrt, duart'' &quot;dúirt mé&quot;, ''chuala'' (gan iarmhír gan forainm) &quot;chuala mé&quot;, ''chonac'' (fuaimniú: ''ch'nuc'') &quot;chonaic mé&quot; (ach, ar ndóigh, deirtear ''chuas'' &quot;chuaigh mé&quot;, ''rugas'' &quot;rug mé&quot;, ''bhíos'' &quot;bhí mé&quot;). Maidir le ''thánag'' agus ''chuala'', is iad sin na ceartfhoirmeacha stairiúla, ach is ar éigean a úsáideann aon chanúint ar leith an bheirt acu, nó i gCiarraí, rinneadh ''thána'' de ''thánag'' faoi thionchar ''chuala'', ach i gContae Chorcaí, rinneadh ''chualag'' de ''chuala'' faoi thionchar ''thánag''.

Bíonn foirmeacha aimsire caite an bhriathair úd ''déan!/déanamh'' bunaithe ar an tamhan ''dein-'': do dheineas, do dheinis, do dhein sé, do dheineamar, do dheineabhair, do dheineadar; do deineadh.

=== An Aimsir Ghnáthchaite ===

* do chaithinn
* do chaiteá
* do chaitheadh sé, sí
* do chaithimis
* do chaitheadh sibh
* do chaithidís
* do chaití (i nGaeilge Chorcaí - i nGaeilge Chléire, ar a laghad - d'fhágfaí an fhoirm seo gan séimhiú faoi thionchar shaorbhriathar na haimsire caite)
* d'osclaínn
* d'osclaíteá
* d'osclaíodh sé, sí
* d'osclaímis
* d'osclaíodh sibh
* d'osclaídís
* d'osclaítí

=== An Modh Ordaitheach ===
* caithim
* caith
* caitheadh sé
* caithimís
* caithidh
* caithidís
* caitear
* osclaím
* oscail
* osclaíodh sé
* osclaímís
* osclaídh
* osclaídís
* oscalítear

== Liosta focal ==

Is follasach go dtagann an chuid is mó de na focail as Gaeilge Chiarraí, ós í an chanúint is mó sa Mhumhain.

* ''a'' a úsáidtear in áit ''as'' i nGaeilge Chléire. Is é sin, ní úsáidtear ''as'' ansin ach roimh an alt, ach is é ''a'' foirm an réamhfhocail seo roimh ainmfhocail loma. Cuireann an t-''a'' seo an réamhlitir ''h-'' roimh gutaí.
* ''achrann'': tá an ghnáthchiall leis an bhfocal seo sa chanúint, ach i mbreis air sin, chloisfeá ''in achrann do...'' sa chiall &quot;i gcóngar do...&quot;, &quot;i dteagmháil le...&quot;
* ''aireachas'' aire. ''Aireachas a thabhairt'' = aire a thabhairt. Focal é seo is minic a chluinfeá i nGaeltacht na Rinne, ach go háirithe. 
* ''áisiún'' tír choimhthíoch. Leagan den fhocal ''náisiún'' é seo ó thús. Gaeilge Cho. Chorcaí.
* ''amadántúlacht'' amaidí (Gaeilge na Rinne)
* ''aosáid'' faoiseamh, biseach (ón tinneas)
* ''beachaig, beachaidh, beachaigh'' beacha, beachóga (cf. ''luchaig'')
* ''briocast'' bricfeasta (focal ó Ghaeilge na Rinne)
* ''brus'' smidiríní; dusta. ''Ní rabhadar i bhfad amuigh nuair a d'éirigh stoirm uafásach agus bhádh na daoine agus dheineadh brus den mbád.'' Ní raibh siad i bhfad amuigh nuair a d'éirigh stoirm uafásach agus bádh na daoine agus rinneadh smidiríní den bhád. (sliocht béaloidis, lch. a 13, An Linn Bhuí 5)
* ''bunóc'' leanbh beag. Focal ó Chiarraí é a d'fheicfeá ag Peig Sayers, ach ní chluinfeá é sa ghnáthchaint a thuilleadh.
* ''canathaobh'' (= ''cad ina thaobh'') cén fáth, cad chuige, tuige
* ''cáiréiseach'', aireach, cúramach
* ''ciotrúnta'' ciotach, ciotógach
* ''cluthair'' deas te teolaí
* ''comáint'' tiomáint. Cloistear ''tiomáint'' sa chúige chomh maith. Leagan ó Ghaeilge Chiarraí é ''comáint'' ach go háirithe.
* ''conas'': Tá an oiread Gaeilge ag cách in Éirinn is go bhfuil a fhios acu gurb é ''conas tá tú?'' an Ghaeilge ar ''how are ye?'', ach, le fírinne, focal Muimhneach amháin a bhí i gceist le ''conas'' ar dtús. Tagann an [[clásal díreach]] ar a lorg: ''conas '''atá''' tú?''. I nGaeilge Uladh, deirtear ''cad é mar atá tú?'', agus is é an clásal díreach a úsáidtear anseo freisin. Is é ''cén chaoi a bhfuil tú?'' an leagan Connachtach, agus is é an [[clásal indíreach]] a fheicimid anseo. Má thagann clásal indíreach ar lorg ''conas'' (''conas go bhfuil'' agus a leithéid), is ceist reitriciúil é agus is é is brí don fhocal ''conas'' ná &quot;cén fáth&quot;; ''how come'' an Bhéarla is fearr a aistríonn é. 
* ''concas'': is é is bunbhrí leis an bhfocal seo ná &quot;gabháltas&quot;, &quot;forghabháil&quot; (''conquest'' an Bhéarla), ach is éard a deirtear i nGaeilge na Rinne ná go gcuireann éadaí deasa ''concas'' (draíocht) ar na mná, ionas go gcaitheann siad an iomarca airgid orthu. 
* ''contúirt'': Aithnítear an focal seo sa ghnáthchiall (is é sin, &quot;dainséar&quot;), ach is minic a thagraíonn sé do chuntar an tábhairne nó an tsiopa. ''Cúntúirt'' an fuaimniú.
* ''coráiste'' misneach. Bíonn na focail iasachta ar ''-áiste'' ón bhFraincis Normannach níos coitianta i nGaeilge thraidisiúnta na Mumhan ná i gcaint na réigiún eile.
* ''craimsiú, caimsiú'' aimsiú
* ''cuileachta, c'leachta'' cuideachta; sult
* ''cúramach,'' gnóthach
* ''daochaint'' dóthain (Gaeilge na Rinne). ''...dh'fhainfeadh sí as do cheann in airde le heagla ná híosthá do dhaochaint'' (''An Linn Bhuí'' 6, lch. 98) d'fhanadh sí os do chionn in airde ar eagla nach n-íosfá do dhóthain
* ''dearmhad'', ''dearúd'' dearmad
* ''dé chúis'' (&lt; &quot;cad é an chúis&quot;) cén fáth, cad ina thaobh. (Gaeilge na Rinne)
* ''dúthaigh'' dúiche, ceantar, réigiún
* ''fachta, fálta'' faighte. ''Fachta'' is mó a chloisfeá i gCiarraí. Tabhair faoi deara an focal ''fáltas'' = &quot;maoin shaolta&quot;.
* ''feadar'': ''ní fheadar'' níl a fhios agam, ''an bhfeadraís?'' an bhfuil a fhios agat? - Tá ciall na haimsire láithrí leis an bhfocal seo, ach tá na hiarmhíreanna níos cosúla leis an aimsir chaite.
* ''fear (na) beilte'' péas, pílear, garda, póilín, síothmhaor
* ''feiscint'' feiceáil
* ''fliuchadh'': is minic a chloisfeá ''fliuchadh'' sa chiall &quot;fiuchadh&quot;, is é sin, ''uisce a chur ar fliuchadh'' sa chiall &quot;uisce a chur ar fiuchadh, uisce a chur ar gal&quot;
* ''fodhuine'' corrdhuine
* ''fothain, foithin'' foscadh
* ''fothragadh'' fuadar
* ''fuar'': ''bhí fuar agam'' níor éirigh liom, ní bhfuair mé mo mhian
* ''gadhar'' madra
* ''Gaelainn'' Gaeilge: ''Conradh na Gaelainne''
* ''galar'': is minic a úsáidtear i gciall mheafarach é sa chanúint, ag tagairt do dhrochnósanna nó a leithéid
* ''ganntar'' gá, call, riachtanas - is dócha gur meascán é seo as ''gátar'' (&quot;in am an ghátair&quot;) agus as ''gann''. An rud a bhfuil ganntar leis, is rud é a bhfuil gá leis. Sa chiall ''ganntanas'' is gnách an focal ''gannchúis'' a úsáid.
* ''go ruig'' go dtí. Tá gaol ag an réamhfhocal comhshuite seo le &quot;go nuige&quot; (&quot;go nuige seo&quot;, mar shampla). In áiteanna i gContae Chorcaí a deirtí &quot;go ruig&quot;, ach is féidir nach cuid den chaint bheo é a thuilleadh.
* ''harasaí'' an rud a dtugtar ''delirium tremens'' air i Laidin na ndochtúirí
* ''iaigh/iamh'' a úsáidtear sa chanúint go minic in áit ''dún/dúnadh''
* ''iarraidh'' cuir iarraidh ar an sagart / ndochtúir in áit cuir fios ar an sagart / ndochtúir i gCléire, i gCairbre agus i mBéarra ach go háirithe
* ''laochas'': úsáidtear an focal seo i gciall an bhróid i nGaeilge na Rinne. ''Tá laochas orm'' = tá bród orm.
* ''leásaí'' leisciúil
* ''leis'': úsáidtear é sa chiall &quot;freisin&quot;, &quot;fosta&quot;.
* ''lofa'' aidiacht ghinearálta lochtaithe: ''tá an bia so lofa''. ''Lobhtha'', ''lobhaite'' a deirtear sa bhunchiall.
* ''lógóireacht'' olagón, mairgneach. Is dócha gur ''olagóireacht'' a bhí ann ar dtús. Tá an focal seo an-tipiciúil i nGaeilge na Rinne, ach feictear i dtéacsanna ó Ghaeltachtaí eile na Mumhan é freisin.
* ''luchaig'' (nó ''luchaidh'', ''luchaigh'', ach is ionann an fuaimniú) - uimhir iolra an fhocail &quot;luch&quot;. Sa teanga chaighdeánach is ainmfhocal rialta de chuid an dara díochlaonadh é.
* ''matalang'' drochrud, tubaiste
* ''Meirice'' nó ''Aimeirice'' (béim ar an dara siolla) a deirtear i gCúige Mumhan, in áit ''Meiriceá''
* ''mínáire'' fearg
* ''mínigh/míniú'' sa chiall &quot;ceacht a mhúineadh do dhuine&quot;: ''míneod é fós'' múinfidh mé ceacht dó go fóill (sa chiall bhagrach: tabharfaidh mé íde bhéil nó greidimíní dó)
* ''miotóg a bhaint as duine'' liomóg (greim dhá mhéar) a bhaint as duine
* ''míshaolta'' neamhshaolta, osnádúrtha
* ''mótar'' carr, gluaisteán
* ''nach'': i nGaeilge Chiarraí, chluinfeá sa chiall &quot;gach&quot; é: ''nach aon saol mar a thagann sé''. I nGaeilge na Rinne, is minic a chiallaíonn sé &quot;ach&quot;: ''nach nuair a bheir an aimsir dealbh sa ngeimreadh orthu, ní raibh ao' rud a chuigint acu.'' (Risteard Turraoin, ''Gairdín an Chabáiste'', An Linn Bhuí, uimhir a dó, lch. 60.)
* ''nath'' a chuirtear i rud, nuair a chuirtear sonrú ann - is é sin, nuair a thugtar faoi deara é
* ''neamhcheart'' mícheart
* ''neomat'' nóiméad
* ''nótáilte'' (déantar ''nótálta'' nó ''nótáltha'' de sa chanúint): chloisfeá an focal seo mar aidiacht mholta ghinearálta - &quot;an-mhaith, an-deas, ar fheabhas, thar barr&quot; - i nGaeilge na Mumhan
* ''oidhre'' duine atá ag breathnú an-chosúil lena athair, deirtear gurb é oidhre a athar é
* ''oiriúnú'' feiliúint, oiriúint, fóirstin, bheith oiriúnach, bheith fóirsteanach, bheith feiliúnach. An chulaith éadaigh a ''oiriúnaíonn'' thú, níl sí rómhór ná róbheag agat. Is mar ''riúnú'' a fhuaimnítear an briathar seo. ''Feileann sé duit'', ''oireann sé duit'' nó ''fóireann sé duit'' a déarfaí sna canúintí eile, ach is é an cuspóir díreach, seachas an réamhfhocal ''do'', a úsáidtear leis an mbriathar seo ''oiriúnú'' - i nGaeilge na Mumhan. - Sa Ghaeilge liteartha, d'fhéicfeá an briathar ''oiriúnú'' - rud a oiriúnú do rud eile, nó do dhuine - sa chiall ''rud a chur in oiriúint do rud eile, rud a dhéanamh oiriúnach do rud eile''. 
* ''ordú'' rabhadh; ''tá sé ordaithe'' tá rabhadh tugtha faoi, tá a leithéid de mhí-ádh ag bagairt
* ''pas'' uair, ócáid, turas; ''pas beag'' beagáinín, traidhfilín
* ''pionós'': chluinfeá sa chiall &quot;pian mór&quot; é fosta
* ''prioc(adh)'' pioc(adh)
* ''puinn'' faic (na fríde), a dhath (ar bith), faic na ngrásta
* ''réans'' srianta (sa bhunchiall, is é sin, ag tagairt do na srianta a chuirfeá ar chapall; focal Béarla - ''reins'' - é seo gan amhras, ach tá sé seanbhunaithe sa chanúint)
* ''réiltín'' réalta
* ''roimis'' roimhe
* ''saghas'' sórt, cineál. Chloisfeá ''saghas'' i nGaeilge Uladh fosta, ach is iasacht nua ón mBéarla ansin é, agus is é is brí leis ansin ná &quot;méid&quot;.
* ''salacharáil, salacharaíl'': ''níl ach salacharáil bheag Gaelainne aige'' níl ach beagán Gaeilge aige
* ''saoráideach'' furasta, go háirithe ag tagairt do rudaí a bheadh ar fáil go bog
* ''scailéathan'' áibhéil
* ''scamhard'': Baintear úsáid as an bhfocal seo sa teanga chaighdeánach nó léannta le ''nutrition, nourishment'' an Bhéarla a aistriú, ach is focal gnáthchainte é i nGaeilge na Mumhan. Cuirtear an bhéim ar an dara siolla sa chanúint, [skә'va:rd]. Is é [skauərd] an fuaimniú a mholann ''Foclóir Póca'' agus ''Foclóir Scoile'', áfach.
* ''siúicre'' siúcra
* ''slí'': is minic a chloisfeá sa chiall &quot;spás&quot; é
* ''sóinseáil, seoinseáil'' briseadh airgid; athrú aimsire. Tá an focal seo gaolmhar le ''change'' an Bhéarla, ach is léir gur tháinig an dá fhocal as an bhFraincis Normannach ar dtús. Bíonn focail as an teanga sin níos coitianta i nGaeilge na Mumhan ná i gcanúintí eile na teanga.
* ''speabhraídí'' ciopóga (a bheith ar dhuine), meascán mearaí.
* ''srois, sroisint'' sroich, sroicheadh
* ''stóinsithe'' stobarnáilte, dáigh, stuacánta, dochomhairleach
* ''stróinséir, stróinséarach'' strainséir
* ''támáilte'' cúthail, cotúil
* ''téanam!'' tar liom! - Níl ach dhá fhoirm ag an mbriathar seo: modh foshuiteach na haimsire láithrí in uimhir iolra na chéad phearsan (''téanam!'') agus an t-ainmfhocal briathartha (''téanachtaint'')
* ''tarrac'' tarraingt. ''Tá tarrac ar bhia againn anso'' tá a lán bia againn anseo - is é an smaoineamh gur féidir leat tarraingt ar fhoinse an bhia mar is mian leat agus ní spíonfaidh tú í.
* ''teasaí'' in ionad te i gCléire, i gCairbre agus i mBéarra ach go háirithe
* ''tindeáil'' freastal, bheith ag tabhairt aire
* ''tionóisc'' taisme, timpiste
* ''toirmeasc'' trioblóid. ''Cosc'' is brí leis an bhfocal seo sna canúintí eile.
* ''tosnú'' tosú
* ''trangláil'' tranglam, trioblóid, clampar
* ''tuin'' blas coimhthíoch ar chaint an duine
* ''tulca'' báisteach throm; taom feirge
* ''um'': tá an réamhfhocal seo beo go hiomlán i nGaeilge Chúil Aodha i gcónaí: ''cuir an chulaith umat'', is é sin, ort. I gcanúintí Muimhneacha eile, ní úsáidtear é ach mar thagairt don am: ''um an Nollaig''. &quot;Faoi&quot; nó &quot;[timpeall] ar&quot; is brí leis. An chuid is mó de na Gaeilgeoirí dúchasacha, níor casadh orthu é ach i leabhar na reacht: ''An Reacht um Chuideachta Eorpach''.
* ''vaits'' uaireadóir; ''is cuma nó vaits liom'' is cuma liom sa diabhal.
* ''várnáil'' rabhadh, foláireamh

== Litríocht ==
{{vicífhoinse|fr:Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry}}
* Ó Buachalla, Breandán: ''An Teanga Bheo - Gaeilge Chléire''. Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann, Baile Átha Cliath 2003. ISBN 0-946452-98-9
* Ó Sé, Diarmuid: ''An Teanga Bheo - Corca Dhuibhne''. Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann, Baile Átha Cliath 1995. ISBN 0-946452-82-2

{{Teangeolaíocht na Gaeilge}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mumhan, Gaeilge na}}
[[Catagóir:Canúintí na Gaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Cúige Mumhan]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Galway United Football Club</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>12402</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1272833</id>
      <parentid>1272510</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-06T00:16:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LzerLive</username>
        <id>66246</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Imreoirí Reatha */</comment>
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      <text bytes="10886" sha1="ihrt1x3mm27oerol0zfe48pualszrtc" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Eagraíochta|logo=GalwayUnited.png}}
{{Club peile bosca eolais 2
| ainm an chlub = Galway United FC
| ainmsuaitheantas = [[Íomhá:GalwayUnited.png|150px]]
| leasainm = ''The Tribesmen''
| pattern_b1 =
| pattern_ra1 =
| leftarm1 = 6d1923
| body1 = 6d1923
| rightarm1 = 6d1923
| shorts1 = 6d1923
| socks1 = 6d1923
| pattern_la2 = _whiteborder
| pattern_b2 = _lightblueshoulders
| pattern_ra2 = _whiteborder
| pattern_sh2 = _white_stripes_adidas
| pattern_so2 = _3_sky_stripes
| leftarm2 = 000080
| body2 = 000080
| rightarm2 = 000080
| shorts2 = 000080
| socks2 = 000080
| pattern_la3 = _claretborder
| pattern_b3 = _marooncollar
| pattern_ra3 = _claretborder
| pattern_sh3 = _Gold Stripes adidas
| pattern_so3 = _3_old_gold_stripes
| leftarm3 = faead3
| body3 = faead3
| rightarm3 = faead3
| shorts3 = 6d1923
| socks3 = faead3
| tríú éide = Tríú éide
| dathanna = [[Íomhá:600px Viola Aubergine.png|20px]] Corcairghorm
| siombail = 
| cathair = [[Gaillimh]]
| tír = [[Poblacht na hÉireann|Éire]]
| cónaidhm = [[UEFA]]
| sraith   = [[League of Ireland|Sraith na hÉireann]]
| bunaithe = 1937
| cathaoirleach = ?
| traenálaí = ?
| staid = [[Páirc Thír Oileáin]]
| acmhainn = 5 000
| suíomh = www.galwayunitedfc.ie
}}
'''Galway United Football Club''' nó '''Gaillimh Aontaithe''', club [[sacar|peile]] [[Éire]]annach bunaithe mar ''Galway Rovers'' i [[1937]]. Ghlac Gaillimh páirt i Sraith na hÉireann den chéad uair i 1977. Rinne Galway Rovers a début i Sraith na hÉireann i b[[Páirc Thír Oileáin]], [[Gaillimh]], in aghaidh [[St Patrick's Athletic F.C.|St. Patricks Athletic]] ar an 28ú Lúnasa den bhliain sin. Tá an club ag imirt faoi láthair sa b[[League of Ireland Premier Division|Príomhroinn]] (an tsraith is airde sa tír).

==Imreoirí==

===Imreoirí Reatha===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:bottom; text-align: center; font-size:80%; width:100%&quot;
|- style=&quot;font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background-color:#800000; color:#FFF;&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#800000;color:#FFF&quot;| #
!style=&quot;background:#800000;color:#FFF&quot;| Ainm
!style=&quot;background:#800000;color:#FFF&quot;| Náisiúntacht
!style=&quot;background:#800000;color:#FFF&quot;| Ionad
!style=&quot;background:#800000;color:#FFF&quot;| Dáta Breithe (aois)
!style=&quot;background:#800000;color:#FFF&quot;| Club Roimhe Seo
!style=&quot;background:#800000;color:#FFF&quot;| Faighte
!style=&quot;background:#800000;color:#FFF&quot;| Nótaí
|- style=&quot;font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background-color:#800000; color:#FFF;&quot;
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Cúil Bháire
|-
| 1
| Brendan Clarke
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]]
| B
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|1985|9|17|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]] [[Shelbourne F.C.|Shelbourne]]
| 2023
| 
|-
| 16
| Evan Watts
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Wales.svg|20px]]
| B
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|2004|9|23|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Wales.svg|20px]] [[Swansea City F.C.|Swansea City]]
| 2025
| Iasacht
|-
| 32
| Andrew Kempe
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Bermuda.svg|20px]]
| B
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|2000|8|26|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of USA.svg|20px]] [[Temple University|Temple Owls]]
| 2025
|
|- style=&quot;font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background-color:#800000; color:#FFF;&quot;
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Cosantóirí
|-
| 3
| Regan Donelon
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]]
| C
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|1996|4|17|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]] [[Finn Harps F.C.|Finn Harps]]
| 2023
| 
|-
| 4
| Rob Slevin
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]]
| C
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|1998|7|14|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]] [[Finn Harps F.C.|Finn Harps]]
| 2023
| 
|-
| 5
| Killian Brouder
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]]
| C
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|1998|8|20|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]] [[Limerick F.C.|Limerick]]
| 2019
| 
|-
| 8
| Greg Cunningham
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]]
| C
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|1991|1|31|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of England.svg|20px]] [[Preston North End F.C.|Preston North End]]
| 2024
| Captaen
|-
| 21
| Colm Horgan
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]]
| C
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|1994|7|2|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]] [[Sligo Rovers F.C.|Sligo Rovers]]
| 2023
| 
|-
| 26
| Garry Buckley
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]]
| C
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|1993|8|19|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]] [[Sligo Rovers F.C.|Sligo Rovers]]
| 2024
| 
|-
| 33
| Jeannot Esua
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Cameroon.svg|20px]]
| C
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|1996|8|6|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Finland.svg|20px]] [[Ekenäs IF]]
| 2024
| 
|- style=&quot;font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background-color:#800000; color:#FFF;&quot;
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Imreoirí lár páirce
|-
| 6
| Axel Piesold
| [[Íomhá:Flag of England.svg|20px]]
| LP
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|2005|5|31|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of England.svg|20px]] [[Luton Town F.C.|Luton Town]]
| 2025
|
|-
| 10
| David Hurley 
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]]
| LP
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|1998|10|21|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]] [[Cobh Ramblers Football Club|Cobh Ramblers]]
| 2020
| 
|-
| 12
| Sean Kerrigan
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]]
| LP
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|2002|7|5|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of USA.svg|20px]] [[Michigan State Spartans football|Michigan State Spartans]]
| 2025
|
|-
| 15
| Patrick Hickey
| [[Íomhá:Flag of USA.svg|20px]]
| LP
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|1998|7|2|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]] [[Athlone Town A.F.C.|Athlone Town]]
| 2024
| 
|-
| 17
| Vincent Borden
| [[Íomhá:Flag of USA.svg|20px]]
| LP
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|1999|2|21|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Slovenia.svg|20px]] [[NK Rudar Velenje|Rudar Velenje]]
| 2023
| 
|-
| 18
| Bobby Burns
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Northern Ireland.svg|20px]]
| LP
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|1999|10|7|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Northern Ireland.svg|20px]] [[Glentoran F.C.|Glentoran]]
| 2024
| 
|-
| 20
| Jimmy Keohane
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]]
| LP
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|1991|1|22|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of England.svg|20px]] [[Rochdale A.F.C.|Rochdale]]
| 2024
| 
|-
| 22
| Conor McCormack
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]]
| LP
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|1990|5|18|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]] [[Derry City F.C.|Derry City]]
| 2021
| 
|-
| 24
| Edward McCarthy
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]]
| LP
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|2001|4|20|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]] Regional United
| 2022
| 
|-
| 34
| Aaron Bolger 
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]]
| LP
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|2000|2|2|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]] [[St Patrick's Athletic Football Club|St Patrick's Athletic]]
| 2025
| 
|-
| 35
| Junior Thiam
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]]
| LP
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|2006|10|28|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]] Galway United U19
| 2025
| 
|- style=&quot;font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background-color:#800000; color:#FFF;&quot;
| colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Ionsaitheoirí
|-
| 7
| Stephen Walsh
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]]
| I
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|1990|8|29|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]] Galway Hibernians
| 2018
| 
|-
| 9
| Moses Dyer
| [[Íomhá:Flag of New Zealand.svg|20px]]
| I
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|1997|3|21|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] [[Vancouver FC]]
| 2025
|
|-
| 11
| Malcolm Shaw
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg|20px]]
| I
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|1995|7|27|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Canada.svg|20px]] [[Cavalry FC]]
| 2025
|
|-
| 19
| Max Wilson
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Northern Ireland.svg|20px]]
| I
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|2007|1|30|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of England.svg|20px]] [[Preston North End F.C.|Preston North End]]
| 2025
| Iasacht
|-
| 28
| Brian Cunningham
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]]
| I
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|2006|9|3|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]] Galway United U19
| 2025
| 
|-
| 29
| Cillian Tollett
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]]
| I
| {{Dáta breithe agus aois|2008|2|9|df=yes}}
| [[Íomhá:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px]] Galway United U19
| 2024
| 
|}

== Stair ==
Bhuaigh &quot;Fir na dtreibh&quot; (leasainm an chlub) [[Corn FAI]] i 1991, agus an [[Corn Sraithe na hÉireann]] i 1985-86 agus i 1996-97. Ba é an áit is airde a bhain an club amach sa tsraith ná an dara háit taobh thiar de [[Ruagairí na Seamróige]] i 1985-86. Bhí siad mar seaimpíní an Chéad Sraith i 1992-93, sa dara háit i 1999 agus bhuaigh siad Sciath na Príomhroinne i 1992-93 agus i 1996-97. D'imir Gaillimh Aontaithe i gcomórtais UEFA trí uair, buaileadh iad gach uair sa gcéad cluiche.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Comórtas
! Bliain
! In aghaidh
|-
| Cup Winners Cup
| 1985-86
| Lyngby
|-
| Cup Winners Cup
| 1991-92
| Odense
|-
| Corn UEFA
| 1986-87
| Groningen
|}
Tá an geansaí cáiliúil marúin caite ag roinnt imreoirí iontacha. Duine de na himreoirí Gaillimheacha is cáiliúla ná Eamonn &quot;Chick&quot; Deacy. Breathnaíodh air mar gnáthimreóir aitúil, ach le teann dianseasmhachta agus díograise chuir sé ina luí ar [[Aston Villa F.C.]] triail a thabhairt dó, agus chaith sé cúig shéasúir rathúla ag an gclub. Nuair a bhí sé le Villa, bhuaigh Eamonn Bonn Sraithe i rith an séasúir rathúil 1980-81. I mí na Nollag 2006 d'fhógair an [[FAI]] go mbeadh cuireadh tugtha do Ghaillimh Aontaithe páirt a ghlacadh i bPríomhroinn Sraith Náisiúnta an FAI Eircom nua tar éis iarratais rathúil. De bharr sin agus le neart conspóide, bhuail siad [[Club Peile Dhún Dealgan|Dún Dealgan]] agus [[Waterford United Football Club|Port Láirge Aontaithe]] chun áit a bhaint amach sa bPríomhroinn nua. Roghnaíodh ceathrar imreoir i bhfoireann Príomhroinne na bliana (Raffael Cretaro, Ciaran Foley, Conor Gethins &amp; Derek O'Brien). Fógraíodh freisin pleananna do seastán nua i Páirc Thír Oileáin.

== Liosta trófaí ==
* '''[[Corn FAI]]: 1'''
** 1991
* '''[[League of Ireland Cup|Corn Sraithe na hÉireann]]: 2'''
** 1985/86, 1996/97
* '''[[League of Ireland First Division| Céad Roinn Sraith na hÉireann]]: 2 '''
** 1992/93, 2023

== Naisc Sheachtracha ==
* [http://www.galwayunitedfc.ie/ Suíomh Oifigiúil an Chlub]
* [http://www.fai.ie/staticarticle.asp?hlid=244040 Gaillimh Aontaithe ag FAI.ie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051124095133/http://www.fai.ie/staticarticle.asp?hlid=244040 |date=2005-11-24 }}
* [http://www.gust-online.com/ Iontaoibh Lucht Tacaíochta Ghaillimh Aontaithe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060629185737/http://www.gust-online.com/ |date=2006-06-29 }}
* [http://www.galwayutdarchive.com/ Cartlann Ghaillimh Aontaithe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521160445/http://www.galwayutdarchive.com/ |date=2008-05-21 }}

{{Teimpléad:Foirne League of Ireland}}

[[Catagóir:Clubanna sacair na hÉireann]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Louis XIV na Fraince</title>
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      <text bytes="2853" sha1="h95pvnf7oajqqu75d6388d86q4sdial" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
B'é '''Laoiseach XIV''' nó mar is fearr aithne air, '''an &quot;Grian-Rí&quot;'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.tearma.ie/q/an%20Grian-R%C3%AD/ga/|teideal=&quot;an Grian-Rí&quot;|work=téarma.ie|dátarochtana=2019-09-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; (nó ''Louis-Dieudonné'') ([[5 Meán Fómhair]], [[1638]] – [[1 Meán Fómhair]], [[1715]]) Rí [[An Fhrainc|na Fraince]] agus Rí Navarre ón [[14 Bealtaine]] [[1643]] go lá a [[bháis]]. 

Tugadh 
* &quot;an Grian-Rí&quot; (''Le Roi Soleil'' as [[Fraincis]]) nó 
* Louis Mór (''Louis le Grand'') nó 
* An Monarc Mór (''Le Grand Monarque'') 
ar Louis. 

Chaith sé dhá bhliain déag is trí scór sa ríchathaoir, ní b'fhaide ná aon [[Monarcacht|mhonarc]] eile san [[An Eoraip|Eoraip]] ag an am. 

== Tús a Shaoil ==
[[Íomhá:Louis14-2.jpg|clé|mion|alt=|234x234px]]

Bhí sé ina Rí sular shlánaigh sé cúig bliana d'aois, ach ní bhfuair sé cumhachtaí an Rí i ndáiríre sular cailleadh an [[Príomh-Aire]] [[Jules Mazarin]] sa bhliain [[1661]]. 
[[Íomhá:Louis XIV Testament.jpg|clé|mion|177x177px|Uacht Louis]]

== Reiligiún agus Cogaí ==
Is iomaí [[cogadh]] a chuir Louis XIV, cosúil leis an gCogadh Franc-Ollannach, Cogadh Léig Augsburg, agus Cogadh Chomharbas na Spáinne. Chaill na h[[Úgónaigh]] a gceart nuair a chealaigh Louis XIV in 1685 Fógra Nantes (1598).&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://comhar.ie/iris/|teideal=Le Curé d'Ars. Comhar 70 (7), lch 18-19. Réamonn Ó Muireadhaigh.|údar=Comhar|dáta=Iúil 2010|dátarochtana=2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ach bhí cúrsaí an-chasta ann ar fad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://100objects.ie/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/9-Story_King-Williams-Gauntlets_Irish_V1.pdf|teideal=King Williams Gauntlets|údar=100objects.ie|dáta=|dátarochtana=2019}}{{Dead link|date=Iúil 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhí an cogadh in [[Éirinn]] sna 1690idí ina chuid de choimhlint níos mó san Eoraip chun cur i gcoinne Louis XIV arbh é an rialtóir ba chumhachtaí san Eoraip é an tráth sin. Bhí [[Liam I Shasana|Liam]] ag troid ar son cúis [[An Protastúnachas|Phrotastúnach]] ós rud é go raibh sé ag cur i gcoinne Louis, a cheap gur rialtóir mór [[Eaglais Chaitliceach Rómhánach|Caitliceach]] é féin agus go raibh sé i gcoinne an Phrotastúnachais. Ach bhí [[Pápa]] na [[An Róimh|Róimhe]], a bhí i gcoimhlint le Louis an tráth sin, i measc lucht tacaíochta Liam.

== Bás ==
Tháinig [[iscéime]] ar Louis agus fuair sé bás ar 1 Meán Fómhair [[1715|1715.]] Is éard a dúirt sé agus é ag fáil bháis ná: ''Tá mé ag imeacht anois, ach mairfidh an Stát i gcónaí'' (Fraincis: ''Je m'en vais, mais l'État demeurera toujours'').

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{síol-fr}}

[[Catagóir:Ríthe na Fraince]]
[[Catagóir:Ríthe Navarre]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1638]]
[[Catagóir:Básanna i 1715]]</text>
      <sha1>h95pvnf7oajqqu75d6388d86q4sdial</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Na Cloigne</title>
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      <text bytes="2773" sha1="5x9umex1pnjhntc3cqjoj2j9mmhbnxf" xml:space="preserve">{{glanadh}}
{{WD Bosca Sonraí Sraith Teilifíse}}

[[Íomhá:Lógó Na Cloigne.gif|thumb]]

Is scéinscéal osnádúrtha é '''Na Cloigne''', a craoladh ar [[TG4]]. Léirithe ag [[ROSG]], tá an tsraith go hiomlán trí [[Gaeilge|Ghaeilge]]. Tá trí chlár sa tsraith, le gach clár timpeall 50 nóiméad ar fhad. Tá leagan speisialta déanta mar scannán freisin. Bhí '''Na Cloigne''' craolta don chéad uair ar an tríú lá déag d'[[Eanáir]] [[2010]].

== Cláir sa tSraith: ==
[[Íomhá:Na Cloigne Taibhse.jpg|thumb]]

==== 1: An Bradán: ====
An chéad chlár sa tsraith, agus tús foréigneach atá ann. Go luath is léir nach bhfuil caidreamh Seán agus Nuala chomh sona sin. Imíonn Nuala i lár na hoíche san charr tar éis argóint le Seán. An maidin dár gcionn tá reathaí ag rith tríd an coill, feiceann sí corp leis an ceann bainte de. Níl fios ag na Gardaí cé hí an corp... agus níl trácht ar Nuala.

==== 2: Corp Gan Cheann: ====
Tá na Gardaí ag fiosrú eolas, fós níl fios acu cé hí an corp. Tagann an Garda Colm Ó Cadhain ar gluaisteáin Nuala bun ós cionn. Chuaigh sí as an bóthair, agus tá sí thámhach don clár.

==== 3: An Taobh Eile: ====
An clár deireanach san srath.

== Daoine ar '''Na Cloigne''': ==
* Stiúrthóir: [[Robert Quinn]]&lt;ref name=&quot;IFB_1&quot;&gt;http://www.filmboard.ie/news/Sraith_nua_Gaeilge_Na_Cloigne_d_thaifeadadh_faoi_lthair_i_nGaillimh/937&lt;/ref&gt;
* Léiritheoir: [[Ciarán Ó Cofaigh]]&lt;ref name=&quot;IFB_1&quot;/&gt;
* Scríbhneoirí: [[Lauren MacKenzie]] agus [[Darach Ó Scolaí]]&lt;ref name=&quot;IFB_1&quot;/&gt;

==== Carachtair:&lt;ref&gt;http://www.rosg.ie/ie/productions/Na_Cloigne_11/characters&lt;/ref&gt; ====
* Seán Ó Dónaill ([[Dara Devaney]])
* Ceannfort Ó Sé ([[Barry McGovern]])
* Nuala Ní Dhireáin ([[Siobhán O'Kelly|Siobhán O’Kelly]])
* Bleachtaire Ó Giollagáin ([[Mike P Ó Conaola]])
* Garda Colm Ó Cadhain ([[Seán T. Ó Meallaigh]])
* Áine Seoige ([[Áine Ní Dhroighneáin]])
* Diarmaid Ó Máille ([[Joe Steve Ó Neachtain]])
* Jacko Ó Murchú ([[Micheál Ó Dubhghaill]])

== Naisc Sheachtracha: ==
* [http://tg4.ie/clar/cloigne/index.asp Leathanach TG4 faoin gclár] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123010100/http://www.tg4.ie/clar/cloigne/index.asp |date=2010-01-23 }}
* [http://www.rosg.ie/ie/productions/Na_Cloigne_11| Leathanach ROSG faoin gclár]

== Tagairtí: ==
{{reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Cloigne, Na}}
[[Catagóir:Cláir TG4]]
[[Catagóir:Cláir ficsean uafáis‎]]
[[Catagóir:Cláir uafáis‎]]
[[Catagóir:Cláir dráma]]
[[Catagóir:Cláir theilifíse i nGaeilge]]
[[Catagóir:Cláir Teilifíse Éireannacha]]
[[Catagóir:Cláir theilifíse]]
[[Catagóir:Scannáin uafáis]]
[[Catagóir:Scannáin na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:An t-osnádúr]]
[[Catagóir:Scéinséirí]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>:'' Féach freisin: [[Loch Mac nÉan]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="701" sha1="5ziyvevs3pejjwn8kkzdism5l009fcw" xml:space="preserve">:'' Féach freisin: [[Loch Mac nÉan]]
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is [[loch]] i g[[Contae Fhear Manach]], agus cuid an-bheag dó i g[[Contae an Chabháin]], é '''Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Logainm&quot;&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1166387 | teideal = Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair/Lough Macnean Lower or Lough Nilly | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 2023-06-22 | teanga = ga | work = [[Logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}
{{síol-tír-ie}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mac nEan Iochtair, Loch}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Fhear Manach]]
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chabháin]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Réaltachas</title>
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      <text bytes="562" sha1="hxkt93g0tfw8cbq3gkj21kzltypf0o6" xml:space="preserve">Grúpa feiceálach nó suntasach [[Réalta|réaltaí]] atá níos lú ná [[réaltbhuíon]] is ea '''réaltachas'''.&lt;ref&gt;i mBéarla, &quot;asterism&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FreamhanEolais&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Hussey|first=Matt|author-link=Matthew Hussey|title=Réaltachas|encyclopedia=[[Fréamh an Eolais]]|language=ga|date=2011|publisher=[[Coiscéim]]|page=552}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sampla is ea an [[Camchéachta]].

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Réalteolaíocht]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Fréamh an Eolais}}
{{síol}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Realtachas}}
[[Catagóir:Réalteolaíocht]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>An Tioróil Theas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>1272796</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Panu Petteri Höglund</username>
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      <text bytes="766" sha1="oyuhf7ekfosuqpg60mmrk154o7ne8oa" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}}
Is cúige i dtuaisceart na h[[Iodáil]]e é '''an Tioróil Theas'''. Tá an cúige 7,400 km² le 511,750 lucht cónaithe. Is í [[Bolzano]] (''Bozen'') a phríomhchathair. Is iad an [[Ghearmáinis|Gearmáinis]] agus an [[Iodáilis]] na teangacha oifigiúla. Tá aitheantas ag an [[Laidinis]] mar theanga oifigiúil chomh maith i mbardais ina bhfuil sí mar an teanga is comónta. 

[[File:Tirol Schloss 01.jpg|thumb|Caisleán Tirol]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
! Teanga!! cainteoirí dúchais !! %
|-
| Gearmáinis|| 314,604 || 61.48%
|-
| Iodáilis || 118,120 || 23.08%
|-
| Laidinis || 20,548 || 4.02%
|-
| Teanga eile|| 58,478 || 11.43%
|-
| Iomlán || 511,750 || 100%
|-
|}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tioróil Theas, An}}</text>
      <sha1>oyuhf7ekfosuqpg60mmrk154o7ne8oa</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>1272797</id>
      <parentid>1272796</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-05T18:55:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Panu Petteri Höglund</username>
        <id>144</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ceartúsáid an ailt</comment>
      <origin>1272797</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="766" sha1="g318loasrh8e35eilj9scsf0tz3y5eo" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}}
Is cúige i dtuaisceart na h[[Iodáil]]e é '''an Tioróil Theas'''. Tá an cúige 7,400 km² le 511,750 lucht cónaithe. Is í [[Bolzano]] (''Bozen'') a phríomhchathair. Is iad an [[Gearmáinis|Ghearmáinis]] agus an [[Iodáilis]] na teangacha oifigiúla. Tá aitheantas ag an [[Laidinis]] mar theanga oifigiúil chomh maith i mbardais ina bhfuil sí mar an teanga is comónta. 

[[File:Tirol Schloss 01.jpg|thumb|Caisleán Tirol]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
! Teanga!! cainteoirí dúchais !! %
|-
| Gearmáinis|| 314,604 || 61.48%
|-
| Iodáilis || 118,120 || 23.08%
|-
| Laidinis || 20,548 || 4.02%
|-
| Teanga eile|| 58,478 || 11.43%
|-
| Iomlán || 511,750 || 100%
|-
|}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tioróil Theas, An}}</text>
      <sha1>g318loasrh8e35eilj9scsf0tz3y5eo</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Úsáideoir:Jane023/TED speakers</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>67051</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1272779</id>
      <parentid>1272007</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-05T17:43:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>25319</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>1272779</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1000250" sha1="n8g4woo2ewyok7ods5l0hdqarn9xusp" xml:space="preserve">{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P2611 ?sub1 }
|section=
|sort=label
|columns=P18,label:Title,description,P106,P569,P21,P27,P2611,item
|thumb=128
|min_section=
|freq=30
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! íomhá
! Title
! description
! gairm
! dáta breithe
! gnéas nó inscne
! tír shaoránachta
! TED speaker ID
! item
|-
| [[Íomhá:A j Jacobs 5187774.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q278801|A. J. Jacobs]]''
| iriseoir agus údar Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1968-03-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/a_j_jacobs a_j_jacobs]
| [[:d:Q278801|Q278801]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:KavliPrize-7273 (42704615130).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q278824|A. James Hudspeth]]''
| léachtóir ollscoile Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1945
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jim_hudspeth jim_hudspeth]
| [[:d:Q278824|Q278824]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:AR Rahman At The ‘Marvel Anthem’ Launch.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q108560|A. R. Rahman]]''
| amhránaí agus cumadóir Indiach
| ''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1327329|il-ionstraimí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Léiritheoir ceoil|léiritheoir ceirníní]]&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1198887|stiúrthóir ceoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1415090|cumadóir scóir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1966-01-06&lt;br/&gt;1967-01-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ar_rahman ar_rahman]
| [[:d:Q108560|Q108560]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759591|Aakash Odedra]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2490358|cóiréagrafaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5716684|damhsóir]]''
| 1984-07-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/aakash_odedra aakash_odedra]
| [[:d:Q23759591|Q23759591]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Aaron Bastani 2021.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21005001|Aaron Bastani]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1086863|colúnaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1984-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/aaron_bastani aaron_bastani]
| [[:d:Q21005001|Q21005001]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Aaron OConnell.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2895013|Aaron D. O'Connell]]''
| fisiceoir Meiriceánach
| [[fisiceoir]]
| 1981-03-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/aaron_o_connell aaron_o_connell]
| [[:d:Q2895013|Q2895013]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Aaron Huey, 2011.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q302103|Aaron Huey]]''
| fóta-iriseoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q957729|fóta-iriseoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1975-12-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/aaron_huey aaron_huey]
| [[:d:Q302103|Q302103]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Aaron Koblin.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4662151|Aaron Koblin]]''
| ealaíontóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q627325|dearthóir grafaicí]]''
| 1982-01-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/aaron_koblin aaron_koblin]
| [[:d:Q4662151|Q4662151]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q59655902|Aaron Maniam]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[file]]
| 1979
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/aaron_maniam aaron_maniam]
| [[:d:Q59655902|Q59655902]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82925462|Aaswath Raman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21329070|materials scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/aaswath_raman aaswath_raman]
| [[:d:Q82925462|Q82925462]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4664452|Abby Dobson]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/abby_dobson abby_dobson]
| [[:d:Q4664452|Q4664452]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769266|Abe Davis]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/abe_davis abe_davis]
| [[:d:Q23769266|Q23769266]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q320497|Abha Dawesar]]''
| úrscéalaí Indiach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]
| 1974-01-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/abha_dawesar abha_dawesar]
| [[:d:Q320497|Q320497]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Abigail Disney 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4667675|Abigail Disney]]''
| stiúrthóir scannán Meiriceánach
| [[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''
| 1960-01-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/abigail_e_disney abigail_e_disney]
| [[:d:Q4667675|Q4667675]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q76490837|Abigail Marsh]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''
| 1976
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/abigail_marsh abigail_marsh]
| [[:d:Q76490837|Q76490837]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Abigail Washburn (6001364251).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3603703|Abigail Washburn]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9648008|bainseóí]]''
| 1977-11-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/abigail_washburn abigail_washburn]
| [[:d:Q3603703|Q3603703]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:AviLoeb15.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2821842|Abraham Loeb]]''
| réaltfhisiceoir Iosraelach (1962-)
| ''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18921227|úfó-eolaí]]''
| 1962-02-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Iosrael]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/avi_loeb avi_loeb]
| [[:d:Q2821842|Q2821842]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dr Abraham Verghese in 2023 06.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1446797|Abraham Verghese]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1955-05-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/abraham_verghese abraham_verghese]
| [[:d:Q1446797|Q1446797]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q22976267|Achenyo Idachaba]]''
| gníomhaí Nigéarach
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1969
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/achenyo_idachaba achenyo_idachaba]
| [[:d:Q22976267|Q22976267]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Achim Steiner-IMG 0837.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q85606|Achim Steiner]]''
| polaiteoir Gearmánach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[taidhleoir]]
| 1961-05-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Bhrasaíl]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/achim_steiner achim_steiner]
| [[:d:Q85606|Q85606]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Adam Davidson (NPR) May 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4678940|Adam Davidson]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1970
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/adam_davidson adam_davidson]
| [[:d:Q4678940|Q4678940]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Star Wars- The Last Jedi Japan Premiere Red Carpet- Adam Driver (27163437599) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Adam Driver]]
| aisteoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q2259451|aisteoir stáitse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]
| 1983-11-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/adam_driver adam_driver]
| [[:d:Q4678990|Q4678990]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Adam Galinsky.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19873437|Adam Galinsky]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1969
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/adam_galinsky adam_galinsky]
| [[:d:Q19873437|Q19873437]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662644|Adam Garone]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/adam_garone adam_garone]
| [[:d:Q23662644|Q23662644]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Adam Grant.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q14712273|Adam Grant]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q122759479|organizational psychologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''
| 1981-08-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/adam_grant adam_grant]
| [[:d:Q14712273|Q14712273]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759997|Adam Grosser]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5532381|páirtí ginearálta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16023665|caipitlí fiontair]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/adam_grosser adam_grosser]
| [[:d:Q23759997|Q23759997]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q87666320|Adam Kucharski]]''
| 
| [[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12765408|eipidéimeolaí]]''
| 1986
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/adam_kucharski adam_kucharski]
| [[:d:Q87666320|Q87666320]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Head of Instagram Adam Mosseri META (52321290009) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q56877012|Adam Mosseri]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1983-01-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Iosrael]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/adam_mosseri adam_mosseri]
| [[:d:Q56877012|Q56877012]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Adam Ockelford.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23712711|Adam Ockelford]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q14915627|ceoleolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16145150|múinteoir ceoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''
| 1959
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/adam_ockelford adam_ockelford]
| [[:d:Q23712711|Q23712711]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Adam Ostrow at The Future of Social Media in Higher Education - Hosted by McGraw-Hill (4333514730) (2).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4679571|Adam Ostrow]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/adam_ostrow adam_ostrow]
| [[:d:Q4679571|Q4679571]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Adam Sadowsky, 2011 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4679718|Adam Sadowsky]]''
| 
| [[aisteoir]]
| 1970-10-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/adam_sadowsky adam_sadowsky]
| [[:d:Q4679718|Q4679718]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:AdamSavageJul2011 cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q297618|Adam Savage]]''
| 
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[múinteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21560152|special effects artist]]''
| 1967-07-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/adam_savage adam_savage]
| [[:d:Q297618|Q297618]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Adam Spencer 255.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4679827|Adam Spencer]]''
| 
| [[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2722764|pearsa raidió]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q130857|dioscmharcach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q628099|bainisteoir sacair]]''
| 1969-01-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/adam_spencer adam_spencer]
| [[:d:Q4679827|Q4679827]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Adena Friedman, President, NASDAQ (40040735371).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17003309|Adena Friedman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q978044|feidhmeannach]]''
| 1969
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/adena_friedman adena_friedman]
| [[:d:Q17003309|Q17003309]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23703823|Adeola Fayehun]]''
| iriseoir Nigéarach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''
| 1984-07-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Nigéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/adeola_fayehun adeola_fayehun]
| [[:d:Q23703823|Q23703823]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q28421819|Aditi Gupta]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/aditi_gupta aditi_gupta]
| [[:d:Q28421819|Q28421819]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4683041|Aditi Shankardass]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/aditi_shankardass aditi_shankardass]
| [[:d:Q4683041|Q4683041]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Adjany Costa 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q97181377|Adjany Costa]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1989
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Angóla]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/adjany_costa adjany_costa]
| [[:d:Q97181377|Q97181377]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18683810|Adong Judith]]''
| drámadóir Ugandach
| ''[[:d:Q214917|drámadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1977
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Uganda]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/adong_judith adong_judith]
| [[:d:Q18683810|Q18683810]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:AdoraSvitakOct10.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4684605|Adora Svitak]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''
| 1997-10-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/adora_svitak adora_svitak]
| [[:d:Q4684605|Q4684605]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23728757|Adrianne Haslet-Davis]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5716684|damhsóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15472169|pátrún]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[múinteoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/adrianne_haslet_davis adrianne_haslet_davis]
| [[:d:Q23728757|Q23728757]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23671006|Afra Raymond]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/afra_raymond afra_raymond]
| [[:d:Q23671006|Q23671006]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dr. Agnes Binagwaho.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4693015|Agnes Binagwaho]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1919436|péidiatraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12416358|leas-seansailéir]]''
| 1955
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ruanda]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/agnes_binagwaho agnes_binagwaho]
| [[:d:Q4693015|Q4693015]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ahn Trio (anyjazz65).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q845628|Ahn Trio]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ahn_trio ahn_trio]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/812 812]
| [[:d:Q845628|Q845628]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ai Jen Poo 2012 Shankbone 2.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4696468|Ai-jen Poo]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15627169|ceardchumannaí]]''
| 1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ai_jen_poo ai_jen_poo]
| [[:d:Q4696468|Q4696468]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Aicha Evans at TechCrunch Disrupt, SF 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q60574360|Aicha Evans]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1709010|innealtóir bogearraí]]''
| 1969
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/aicha_evans aicha_evans]
| [[:d:Q60574360|Q60574360]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23809255|Aicha el-Wafi and Phyllis Rodriguez]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/aicha_el_wafi_phyllis_rodriguez aicha_el_wafi_phyllis_rodriguez]
| [[:d:Q23809255|Q23809255]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Aimee Mullins portrait 2009.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q261056|Aimee Mullins]]''
| 
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11513337|iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1976
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/aimee_mullins aimee_mullins]
| [[:d:Q261056|Q261056]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Aja Monet 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16157106|Aja Monet]]''
| file Meiriceánach
| [[file]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15981151|ceoltóir snagcheoil]]''
| 1987-08-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/aja_monet aja_monet]
| [[:d:Q16157106|Q16157106]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ajay Banga.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4699676|Ajaypal Singh Banga]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1959-11-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ajay_banga ajay_banga]
| [[:d:Q4699676|Q4699676]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16221463|Ajit Narayanan]]''
| ceapadóir Indiach
| ''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''
| 1981-08-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ajit_narayanan ajit_narayanan]
| [[:d:Q16221463|Q16221463]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Akash with the President of India.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q56249786|Akash Manoj]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''
| 2001-12-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/akash_manoj akash_manoj]
| [[:d:Q56249786|Q56249786]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:President Joe Biden presents the Medal of Freedom to Al Gore (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Al Gore]]
| Leasuachtarán na Stát Aontaithe ó 1993 go 2001
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1979607|airgeadaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''
| 1948-03-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/al_gore al_gore]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/2 2]
| [[:d:Q19673|Q19673]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Al Roker by Gage Skidmore.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3240869|Al Roker]]''
| 
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2310145|meitéareolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1154500|meitéareolaí teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q44508716|pearsa theilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q22662561|óstach seó cluichí]]''
| 1954-08-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/al_roker al_roker]
| [[:d:Q3240869|Q3240869]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Al Seckel in 2009.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2023240|Al Seckel]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1958-09-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/al_seckel al_seckel]
| [[:d:Q2023240|Q2023240]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657171|Al Vernacchio]]''
| 
| [[múinteoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/al_vernacchio al_vernacchio]
| [[:d:Q23657171|Q23657171]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2891977|Al-Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q140686|cathaoirleach]]''
| 1983
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Catar]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sheikha_al_mayassa sheikha_al_mayassa]
| [[:d:Q2891977|Q2891977]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Babagana Monguno und Alaa Murabit MSC 2017 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q20684900|Alaa Murabit]]''
| 
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28692502|gníomhaí ar son chearta na mban]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1989-10-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alaa_murabit alaa_murabit]
| [[:d:Q20684900|Q20684900]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Alain de Botton.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q123273|Alain de Botton]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2516866|foilsitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1969-12-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Eilvéis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alain_de_botton alain_de_botton]
| [[:d:Q123273|Q123273]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Alan Eustace in 2008.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18340990|Alan Eustace]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2095549|eitleoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6060450|spéirthumadóir]]''
| 1957
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alan_eustace alan_eustace]
| [[:d:Q18340990|Q18340990]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Alan Jamieson gn.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q44462701|Alan J. Jamieson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4205432|iasceolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alan_jamieson_TEDxKingsParkSalon20211201-47587 alan_jamieson_TEDxKingsParkSalon20211201-47587]
| [[:d:Q44462701|Q44462701]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Alan Kay (3097597186) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q92742|Alan Kay]]''
| ríomheolaí Meiriceánach (rugadh 1940)
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5482740|ríomhchláraitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15981151|ceoltóir snagcheoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6168364|giotáraí snagcheoil]]''
| 1940-05-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alan_kay alan_kay]
| [[:d:Q92742|Q92742]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Alanlightman.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2664403|Alan Lightman]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18844224|scríbhneoir ficsean eolaíochta]]''
| 1948-11-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alan_lightman alan_lightman]
| [[:d:Q2664403|Q2664403]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4707679|Alan Russell]]''
| úrscéalaí Meiriceánach
| [[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1956-06-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alan_russell alan_russell]
| [[:d:Q4707679|Q4707679]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:AlanSiegel2010TED.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4707764|Alan Siegel]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1938-08-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alan_siegel alan_siegel]
| [[:d:Q4707764|Q4707764]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23663053|Alanna Shaikh]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alanna_shaikh alanna_shaikh]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1383 1383]
| [[:d:Q23663053|Q23663053]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q36122199|Alasdair Harris]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alasdair_harris alasdair_harris]
| [[:d:Q36122199|Q36122199]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23712851|Alastair Parvin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''
| 1983-10-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alastair_parvin alastair_parvin]
| [[:d:Q23712851|Q23712851]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Albert-Laszlo Barabasi - Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q725467|Albert-László Barabási]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q93173891|network scientist]]''
| 1967-03-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ungáir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Rómáin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/albert_laszlo_barabasi albert_laszlo_barabasi]
| [[:d:Q725467|Q725467]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Alberto Cairo - veDrò 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3608178|Alberto Cairo]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q694748|fisiteiripeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1952-05-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Iodáil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alberto_cairo alberto_cairo]
| [[:d:Q3608178|Q3608178]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Alec Soth Headshot.jpeg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q979236|Alec Soth]]''
| grianghrafadóir Meiriceánach
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1969
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alec_soth alec_soth]
| [[:d:Q979236|Q979236]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Premio Abdón Cifuentes 2015 - Alejandro Aravena 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3609433|Alejandro Aravena]]''
| ailtire Sileach
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1967-06-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSile]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alejandro_aravena alejandro_aravena]
| [[:d:Q3609433|Q3609433]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Photo A. Sanchez Alvarado Si'an Kaan.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q27916228|Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]
| 1964-02-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alejandro_sanchez_alvarado alejandro_sanchez_alvarado]
| [[:d:Q27916228|Q27916228]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23661662|Aleph Molinari]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Meicsiceo]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/aleph_molinari aleph_molinari]
| [[:d:Q23661662|Q23661662]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759674|Alessandra Orofino]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alessandra_orofino alessandra_orofino]
| [[:d:Q23759674|Q23759674]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23712668|Alessandro Acquisti]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alessandro_acquisti alessandro_acquisti]
| [[:d:Q23712668|Q23712668]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q41804368|Alex Edmans]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alex_edmans alex_edmans]
| [[:d:Q41804368|Q41804368]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Alex Honnold in 2023 in Antarctica.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q979249|Alex Honnold]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3951423|dreapadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9149093|sléibhteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1985-08-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alex_honnold alex_honnold]
| [[:d:Q979249|Q979249]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Alex Kipman.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18237257|Alex Kipman]]''
| 
| 
| 1979
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alex_kipman alex_kipman]
| [[:d:Q18237257|Q18237257]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23671474|Alex Laskey]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alex_laskey alex_laskey]
| [[:d:Q23671474|Q23671474]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Washington Football Team QB Alex Smith pregame (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q717897|Alex Smith]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19204627|imreoir peile Meiriceánaí]]''
| 1984-05-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alex_smith alex_smith]
| [[:d:Q717897|Q717897]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q119582933|Alex Soojung-Kim Pang]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q112125625|job coach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9379869|léachtóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alex_soojung-kim_pang alex_soojung-kim_pang]
| [[:d:Q119582933|Q119582933]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Alex Steffen, 2008 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4717834|Alex Steffen]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 1968
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alex_steffen alex_steffen]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/74 74]
| [[:d:Q4717834|Q4717834]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Alex Tabarrok speaking at TED in 2009.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4717865|Alex Tabarrok]]''
| eacnamaí Ceanadach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1966
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alex_tabarrok alex_tabarrok]
| [[:d:Q4717865|Q4717865]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23727955|Alex Wissner-Gross]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alex_wissner_gross alex_wissner_gross]
| [[:d:Q23727955|Q23727955]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Double Take-Alexa Meade.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q621627|Alexa Meade]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18074503|ealaíontóir suiteáin]]''
| 1986-09-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alexa_meade alexa_meade]
| [[:d:Q621627|Q621627]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Alexander Betts .jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q28531177|Alexander Betts]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1980-01-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alexander_betts alexander_betts]
| [[:d:Q28531177|Q28531177]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16185639|Alexander Tsiaras]]''
| grianghrafadóir Meiriceánach
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''
| 1953
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alexander_tsiaras alexander_tsiaras]
| [[:d:Q16185639|Q16185639]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q112629173|Alexandr Wang]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1997
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alexandr_wang alexandr_wang]
| [[:d:Q112629173|Q112629173]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Alexandra Horowitz at the 2019 National Book Festival.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q66013634|Alexandra Horowitz]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q14565186|cognitive scientist]]''
| 1969-07-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alexandra_horowitz alexandra_horowitz]
| [[:d:Q66013634|Q66013634]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q107342867|Alexey Karpenkov]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1987-01-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tAontas Sóivéadach]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Rúis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alexeykarpenkov alexeykarpenkov]
| [[:d:Q107342867|Q107342867]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q108480961|Alexis Nikole Nelson]]''
| 
| [[tionchaire]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q156839|cócaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q78847256|gatherer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q27431213|scríbhneoir cócaireachta]]''
| 1992-03-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alexis_nikole_nelson alexis_nikole_nelson]
| [[:d:Q108480961|Q108480961]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:TechCrunch Disrupt NY 2015 - Day 3 (17205541529).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4721504|Alexis Ohanian]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16023665|caipitlí fiontair]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q557880|infheisteoir]]''
| 1983-04-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alexis_ohanian alexis_ohanian]
| [[:d:Q4721504|Q4721504]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23784887|Ali Carr-Chellman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q723682|déan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ali_carr_chellman ali_carr_chellman]
| [[:d:Q23784887|Q23784887]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4724839|Ali Hajimiri]]''
| innealtóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Iaráin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ali_hajimiri ali_hajimiri]
| [[:d:Q4724839|Q4724839]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4725100|Ali Noorani]]''
| 
| 
| 1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ali_noorani ali_noorani]
| [[:d:Q4725100|Q4725100]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Alice Bows-Larkin at Elevate Festival 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23760514|Alice Bows-Larkin]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1113838|clíomeolaí]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alice_bows_larkin alice_bows_larkin]
| [[:d:Q23760514|Q23760514]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Alice Dreger.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15430564|Alice Dreger]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19509201|gníomhaí ar son cearta daoine LADT]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alice_dreger alice_dreger]
| [[:d:Q15430564|Q15430564]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q20017747|Alice Goffman]]''
| socheolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1982
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alice_goffman alice_goffman]
| [[:d:Q20017747|Q20017747]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q94687894|Alice Pailhès]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alice_pailhes alice_pailhes]
| [[:d:Q94687894|Q94687894]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4726061|Alice Rawsthorn]]''
| iriseoir Briotanach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864380|beathaisnéisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1958-11-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alice_rawsthorn alice_rawsthorn]
| [[:d:Q4726061|Q4726061]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q108655421|Alicia Chong Rodriguez]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alicia_chong alicia_chong]
| [[:d:Q108655421|Q108655421]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q111986830|Alicia Eggert]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 1981
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alicia_eggert alicia_eggert]
| [[:d:Q111986830|Q111986830]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Alicia Garza.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19609542|Alicia Garza]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1981-01-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alicia_garza alicia_garza]
| [[:d:Q19609542|Q19609542]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759747|Alisa Miller]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alisa_miller alisa_miller]
| [[:d:Q23759747|Q23759747]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Alison Gopnik Photo.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2647225|Alison Gopnik]]''
| síceolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''
| 1955-06-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alison_gopnik alison_gopnik]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/998 998]
| [[:d:Q2647225|Q2647225]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Alison Jackson at Haifa Museum of Art (2).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q431375|Alison Jackson]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1960-05-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alison_jackson alison_jackson]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/186 186]
| [[:d:Q431375|Q431375]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:MJK39380 Alison Killing (See-Conference 2017).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23769251|Alison Killing]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131062|pleanálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q42909|tuairisceoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alison_killing alison_killing]
| [[:d:Q23769251|Q23769251]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782666|Alix Generous]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alix_generous alix_generous]
| [[:d:Q23782666|Q23782666]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23727980|Allan Adams]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/allan_adams allan_adams]
| [[:d:Q23727980|Q23727980]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23784267|Allan Jones]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/allan_jones allan_jones]
| [[:d:Q23784267|Q23784267]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Allan Savory (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4730957|Allan Savory]]''
| eolaí Siombábach
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''
| 1935-09-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSiombáib]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/allan_savory allan_savory]
| [[:d:Q4730957|Q4730957]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662577|Allison Hunt]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2296674|social media manager]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1900657|marketer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61911662|marketing consultant]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/allison_hunt allison_hunt]
| [[:d:Q23662577|Q23662577]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Allyson Felix Doha 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5799|Allyson Felix]]''
| rábálaí
| ''[[:d:Q4009406|rábálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11513337|iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]]''
| 1985-11-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/allyson_felix allyson_felix]
| [[:d:Q5799|Q5799]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q125824589|Almudena Toral]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1414443|déantóir scannán]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/almudena_toral almudena_toral]
| [[:d:Q125824589|Q125824589]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Official portrait of Alok Sharma crop 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Alok Sharma]]
| polaiteoir Briotanach (rugadh 1967)
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2883465|baincéir infheistíochta]]''
| 1967-09-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alok_sharma alok_sharma]
| [[:d:Q478531|Q478531]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q91949388|Alona Fyshe]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alona_fyshe alona_fyshe]
| [[:d:Q91949388|Q91949388]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Alvin Ailey - Revelations.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q449026|Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alvin_ailey_american_dance_theater alvin_ailey_american_dance_theater]
| [[:d:Q449026|Q449026]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bala portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4647578|Alwar Balasubramaniam]]''
| ealaíontóir Indiach
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11569986|déantóir priontaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1925963|ealaíontóir grafach]]''
| 1971-06-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/a_balasubramaniam a_balasubramaniam]
| [[:d:Q4647578|Q4647578]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782900|Alyson McGregor]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alyson_mcgregor alyson_mcgregor]
| [[:d:Q23782900|Q23782900]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q450477|Alyssa Monks]]''
| péintéir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''
| 1977-11-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/alyssa_monks alyssa_monks]
| [[:d:Q450477|Q450477]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Amanda Bennett, USAGM CEO.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16151611|Amanda Bennett]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''
| 1952-07-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amanda_bennett amanda_bennett]
| [[:d:Q16151611|Q16151611]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Amanda-Burden (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4739580|Amanda Burden]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2815948|ailtire tírdhreacha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131062|pleanálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1944-01-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amanda_burden amanda_burden]
| [[:d:Q4739580|Q4739580]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Amanda Gorman 2021.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Amanda Gorman]]
| file agus gníomhaí Meiriceánach
| [[file]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11499147|gníomhaí polaitiúil]]''
| 1998-03-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amanda_gorman amanda_gorman]
| [[:d:Q52369134|Q52369134]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Amanda Palmer Open Piano for Refugees Vienna 2019 36.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q240377|Amanda Palmer]]''
| ceoltóir agus cumadóir amhrán Meiriceánach (rugadh 1976)
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2914170|ealaíontóir sráide]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q214917|drámadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q55960555|ealaíontóir taifeadta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1976-04-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amanda_palmer amanda_palmer]
| [[:d:Q240377|Q240377]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Amanda Renteria (January 2025) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q14948755|Amanda Renteria]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q13388586|softball player]]''
| 1974-11-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amanda_renteria amanda_renteria]
| [[:d:Q14948755|Q14948755]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q47554100|Amanda Williams]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18074503|ealaíontóir suiteáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q644687|maisitheoir]]''
| 1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amanda_williams amanda_williams]
| [[:d:Q47554100|Q47554100]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Re-publica Portland 2019 - d1 (48935550272).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23797155|Amber Case]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''
| 1987
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amber_case amber_case]
| [[:d:Q23797155|Q23797155]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Amber Galloway.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q27902885|Amber Galloway Gallego]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q10691728|ateangaire comharthaíochta]]''
| 1977-03-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amber_galloway_gallego amber_galloway_gallego]
| [[:d:Q27902885|Q27902885]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q83432826|Amber Hikes]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19509201|gníomhaí ar son cearta daoine LADT]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amber_hikes amber_hikes]
| [[:d:Q83432826|Q83432826]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Amber McReynolds, USPS Governor.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q105675680|Amber McReynolds]]''
| 
| 
| 1979
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amber_mcreynolds amber_mcreynolds]
| [[:d:Q105675680|Q105675680]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ameenah Gurib-Fakim.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q20022984|Ameenah Gurib-Fakim]]''
| eolaí agus Uachtarán Oileán Mhuirís
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceimiceoir]]
| 1959-10-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Oileán Mhuirís]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ameenah_gurib_fakim ameenah_gurib_fakim]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/2073 2073]
| [[:d:Q20022984|Q20022984]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:AmelKarboul20160204London.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15703367|Amel Karboul]]''
| polaiteoir Túinéiseach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1973-04-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Túinéis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dr_amel_karboul dr_amel_karboul]
| [[:d:Q15703367|Q15703367]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:America Ferrera BFI081223 (53389386439) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q219402|America Ferrera]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|aisteoir stáitse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2059704|stiúrthóir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3455803|stiúrthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]
| 1984-04-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/america_ferrera america_ferrera]
| [[:d:Q219402|Q219402]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4746085|Ami Klin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Bhrasaíl]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ami_klin ami_klin]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1370 1370]
| [[:d:Q4746085|Q4746085]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:United Nations Deputy Secretary General Amina Mohammed in 2023 - (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4746340|Amina J. Mohammed]]''
| oifigeach de chuid na Náisiún Aontaithe
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1961-06-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Nigéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amina_j_mohammed amina_j_mohammed]
| [[:d:Q4746340|Q4746340]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q53147966|Amir Nizar Zuabi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3387717|stiúrthóir drámaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2707485|radharcagrafaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3455803|stiúrthóir]]''
| 1976
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amir_nizar_zuabi amir_nizar_zuabi]
| [[:d:Q53147966|Q53147966]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q59340673|Amisha Padnani]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amy_padnani amy_padnani]
| [[:d:Q59340673|Q59340673]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Amishi Jha.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16211585|Amishi Jha]]''
| néareolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1970-12-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amishi_jha amishi_jha]
| [[:d:Q16211585|Q16211585]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23784357|Amit Sood]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amit_sood amit_sood]
| [[:d:Q23784357|Q23784357]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Amory Lovins, 2011 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q474194|Amory Lovins]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11295636|dearthóir carranna]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 1947-11-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amory_lovins amory_lovins]
| [[:d:Q474194|Q474194]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Amos Winter - MIT Mobility Lab.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21550740|Amos Winter]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5669847|ollamh cúnta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amos_winter amos_winter]
| [[:d:Q21550740|Q21550740]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4749093|Amy B. Smith]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''
| 1962-11-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amy_smith amy_smith]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/3 3]
| [[:d:Q4749093|Q4749093]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Acuddy.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4749151|Amy Cuddy]]''
| síceolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''
| 1972-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amy_cuddy amy_cuddy]
| [[:d:Q4749151|Q4749151]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Photo Credit- Evgenia Eliseeva.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q30069746|Amy Edmondson]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2462658|bainisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]
| 1959-03-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amy_edmondson amy_edmondson]
| [[:d:Q30069746|Q30069746]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q63456301|Amy Herman]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9379869|léachtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1792450|staraí na healaíne]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[saineolaí dlí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amy_herman amy_herman]
| [[:d:Q63456301|Q63456301]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q78873106|Amy L Baxter]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1967
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amy_baxter amy_baxter]
| [[:d:Q78873106|Q78873106]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q46782105|Amy L. Milton]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amy_milton amy_milton]
| [[:d:Q46782105|Q46782105]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23656175|Amy Lockwood]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amy_lockwood amy_lockwood]
| [[:d:Q23656175|Q23656175]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23798804|Amy O'Toole]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amy_o_toole amy_o_toole]
| [[:d:Q23798804|Q23798804]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:2024 - Amy Purdy - 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4749355|Amy Purdy]]''
| 
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q133901084|para snowboarder]]''
| 1979-11-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amy_purdy amy_purdy]
| [[:d:Q4749355|Q4749355]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Amy Tan.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q234989|Amy Tan]]''
| úrscéalaí Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11774202|scríbhneoir aistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]''
| 1952-02-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amy_tan amy_tan]
| [[:d:Q234989|Q234989]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dubai Future Forum 2024 - Amy Webb.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4749439|Amy Webb]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1974-10-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/amy_webb amy_webb]
| [[:d:Q4749439|Q4749439]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Anab Jain (3331817244).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q125746197|Anab Jain]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9379869|léachtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q846430|todhchaíoch]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1414443|déantóir scannán]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anab_jain anab_jain]
| [[:d:Q125746197|Q125746197]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23661617|Anand Agarawala]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anand_agarawala anand_agarawala]
| [[:d:Q23661617|Q23661617]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Anand Giridharadas - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4751249|Anand Giridharadas]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1086863|colúnaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1981-09-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anand_giridharadas anand_giridharadas]
| [[:d:Q4751249|Q4751249]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18398176|Anand Varma]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anand_varma anand_varma]
| [[:d:Q18398176|Q18398176]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ananda Shankar Jayant for her outstanding contribution to Bharatanatyam (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19898324|Ananda Shankar Jayant]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2490358|cóiréagrafaí]]''
| 1961-09-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ananda_shankar_jayant ananda_shankar_jayant]
| [[:d:Q19898324|Q19898324]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Anant Agarwal in 2015 New America panel.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q92736|Anant Agarwal]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1959&lt;br/&gt;1958
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anant_agarwal anant_agarwal]
| [[:d:Q92736|Q92736]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Anas Aremeyaw Anas.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4751775|Anas Aremeyaw Anas]]''
| iriseoir iniúchach Gánach
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1970s
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Gána]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anas_aremeyaw_anas anas_aremeyaw_anas]
| [[:d:Q4751775|Q4751775]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16199723|Anastasia Taylor-Lind]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[file]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q957729|fóta-iriseoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anastasia_taylor_lind anastasia_taylor_lind]
| [[:d:Q16199723|Q16199723]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23772818|Anders Fjellberg]]''
| iriseoir Ioruach
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1988-10-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Iorua]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anders_fjellberg anders_fjellberg]
| [[:d:Q23772818|Q23772818]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23784626|Anders Ynnerman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1963-03-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSualainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anders_ynnerman anders_ynnerman]
| [[:d:Q23784626|Q23784626]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:TechCrunch Disrupt NY 2016 - Day 3 (26682587010).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23712695|Andras Forgacs]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andras_forgacs andras_forgacs]
| [[:d:Q23712695|Q23712695]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Andrea Ghez (cropped1).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q493956|Andrea M. Ghez]]''
| réalteolaí
| [[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]
| 1965-06-16&lt;br/&gt;1965
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andrea_ghez andrea_ghez]
| [[:d:Q493956|Q493956]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Andreas Ekström.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5707482|Andreas Ekström]]''
| scríbhneoir agus iriseoir Sualannach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1975-10-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSualainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andreas_ekstrom andreas_ekstrom]
| [[:d:Q5707482|Q5707482]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23670498|Andreas Raptopoulos]]''
| 
| [[príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andreas_raptopoulos andreas_raptopoulos]
| [[:d:Q23670498|Q23670498]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Andreas Schleicher, 2013 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q71557|Andreas Schleicher]]''
| staitisteoir Gearmánach
| [[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;[[taidhleoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2732142|staitisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1231865|oideolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]
| 1964-07-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andreas_schleicker andreas_schleicker]
| [[:d:Q71557|Q71557]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23713628|Andres Lozano]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]
| 20th century&lt;br/&gt;1959
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andres_lozano andres_lozano]
| [[:d:Q23713628|Q23713628]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23728849|Andrew Bastawrous]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andrew_bastawrous andrew_bastawrous]
| [[:d:Q23728849|Q23728849]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Andrew Bird (52413565996) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Andrew Bird]]
| 
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3560496|fidléir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15981151|ceoltóir snagcheoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7042855|eagarthóir scannán]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q855091|giotáraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1792566|feadaire]]''
| 1973-07-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andrew_bird andrew_bird]
| [[:d:Q503783|Q503783]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kiosk Copyright, Design, and Digital Culture (15461376932) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23662266|Andrew Blum]]''
| údar Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1977-03-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andrew_blum andrew_blum]
| [[:d:Q23662266|Q23662266]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42808292|Andrew E. Pelling]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andrew_pelling andrew_pelling]
| [[:d:Q42808292|Q42808292]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23713796|Andrew Fitzgerald]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andrew_fitzgerald andrew_fitzgerald]
| [[:d:Q23713796|Q23713796]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Andrew Forrest (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q504773|Andrew Forrest]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6116070|jackaroo]]''
| 1961-11-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andrew_forrest andrew_forrest]
| [[:d:Q504773|Q504773]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23073107|Andrew J. Connolly]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2998308|cosmeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andrew_connolly andrew_connolly]
| [[:d:Q23073107|Q23073107]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q78398013|Andrew Marantz]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1984-09-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andrew_marantz andrew_marantz]
| [[:d:Q78398013|Q78398013]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Andrew McAfee FT-McKinsey BBYA 2014(LowerContrast).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15109666|Andrew McAfee]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]
| 1967
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andrew_mcafee andrew_mcafee]
| [[:d:Q15109666|Q15109666]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Andrew Mwenda.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4591759|Andrew Mwenda]]''
| iriseoir Ugandach
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1972
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Uganda]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andrew_mwenda andrew_mwenda]
| [[:d:Q4591759|Q4591759]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Andrew Solomon 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q645362|Andrew Solomon]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1113899|síceolaí cliniciúil]]''
| 1963-10-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andrew_solomon andrew_solomon]
| [[:d:Q645362|Q645362]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Andrew Stanton cropped 2009.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q328723|Andrew Stanton]]''
| stiúrthóir scannán Meiriceánach
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q266569|beochantóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3455803|stiúrthóir]]''
| 1965-12-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andrew_stanton andrew_stanton]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1134 1134]
| [[:d:Q328723|Q328723]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Andrew Ng at TechCrunch Disrupt SF 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2846695|Andrew Y. Ng]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1976-04-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andrew_ng andrew_ng]
| [[:d:Q2846695|Q2846695]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q20020931|Andrew Youn]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12336252|social entrepreneur]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andrew_youn andrew_youn]
| [[:d:Q20020931|Q20020931]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Andri Snaer Magnason.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q463575|Andri Snær Magnason]]''
| scríbhneoir Íoslannach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[file]]
| 1973-07-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Íoslainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andri_snaer_magnason andri_snaer_magnason]
| [[:d:Q463575|Q463575]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23840135|Andrés Ruzo]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Peiriú]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Nicearagua]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andres_ruzo andres_ruzo]
| [[:d:Q23840135|Q23840135]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16218437|Andy Dunn]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1979-02-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andy_dunn andy_dunn]
| [[:d:Q16218437|Q16218437]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4760818|Andy Hobsbawm]]''
| 
| [[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1963-06-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andy_hobsbawm andy_hobsbawm]
| [[:d:Q4760818|Q4760818]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Andy Puddicombe (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16214139|Andy Puddicombe]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q854997|manach Búdaíoch]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1972-09-23&lt;br/&gt;1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andy_puddicombe andy_puddicombe]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1519 1519]
| [[:d:Q16214139|Q16214139]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Andy Yen - Is Privacy Supporting Cybercrime.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23759707|Andy Yen]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4479442|bunaitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/andy_yen andy_yen]
| [[:d:Q23759707|Q23759707]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Angel Hsu headshot.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q59348689|Angel Hsu]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1113838|clíomeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1983-02-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/angel_hsu angel_hsu]
| [[:d:Q59348689|Q59348689]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4762378|Angela Belcher]]''
| bithcheimiceoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bithcheimiceoir]]
| 1968
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/angela_belcher angela_belcher]
| [[:d:Q4762378|Q4762378]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Angela Duckworth, 2017 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16198258|Angela Duckworth]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2994387|sainchomhairleoir]]''
| 1970
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/angela_lee_duckworth angela_lee_duckworth]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1648 1648]
| [[:d:Q16198258|Q16198258]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23797730|Angela Patton]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2462658|bainisteoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/angela_patton angela_patton]
| [[:d:Q23797730|Q23797730]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q90287679|Angelicque E. White]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3546255|aigéaneolaí]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/angelicque_white angelicque_white]
| [[:d:Q90287679|Q90287679]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Angelo Vermeulen.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q13429632|Angelo Vermeulen]]''
| ealaíontóir
| ''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[spásaire]]&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Bheilg]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/angelo_vermeulen angelo_vermeulen]
| [[:d:Q13429632|Q13429632]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Angélica Dass retratos.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q51882246|Angélica Dass]]''
| grianghrafadóir Brasaíleach
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1979
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Bhrasaíl]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/angelica_dass angelica_dass]
| [[:d:Q51882246|Q51882246]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Angélique Kidjo au FEMUA17 4.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q231276|Angélique Kidjo]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q66314404|snagamhránaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2490358|cóiréagrafaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q55960555|ealaíontóir taifeadta]]''
| 1960-07-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Beinin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/angelique_kidjo angelique_kidjo]
| [[:d:Q231276|Q231276]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q20880943|Anicka Yi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anicka_yi anicka_yi]
| [[:d:Q20880943|Q20880943]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q53865446|Anika Goss-Foster]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2462658|bainisteoir]]''
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anika_goss anika_goss]
| [[:d:Q53865446|Q53865446]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Anil Ananthaswamy.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23783480|Anil Ananthaswamy]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anil_ananthaswamy anil_ananthaswamy]
| [[:d:Q23783480|Q23783480]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Congreso Futuro - 2019-01-14 - 09.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q22087352|Anil K Seth]]''
| néareolaí Briotanach
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1972-06-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anil_seth anil_seth]
| [[:d:Q22087352|Q22087352]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Anil K gupta Erudite Conclave Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4764657|Anil Kumar Gupta]]''
| scoláire Indiach
| ''[[:d:Q1900657|marketer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1949
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anil_gupta anil_gupta]
| [[:d:Q4764657|Q4764657]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q29167831|Anima Anandkumar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anima_anandkuma anima_anandkuma]
| [[:d:Q29167831|Q29167831]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q83274545|Anirudh Sharma]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anirudh_sharma anirudh_sharma]
| [[:d:Q83274545|Q83274545]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q117222036|Anjali Kumar]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anjali_kumar anjali_kumar]
| [[:d:Q117222036|Q117222036]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Anjali Sud 41139141434.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q55686689|Anjali Sud]]''
| 
| [[príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin]]
| 1983
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anjali_sud anjali_sud]
| [[:d:Q55686689|Q55686689]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q60195513|Anjali Tripathi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anjali_tripathi anjali_tripathi]
| [[:d:Q60195513|Q60195513]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Anjan Chatterjee-neuroscientist.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4765748|Anjan Chatterjee]]''
| néareolaí Meiriceánach
| [[múinteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 1958-10-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anjan_chatterjee anjan_chatterjee]
| [[:d:Q4765748|Q4765748]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16981606|Anjan Sundaram]]''
| scríbhneoir Indiach
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1983
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anjan_sundaram anjan_sundaram]
| [[:d:Q16981606|Q16981606]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782708|Ann Cooper]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2576499|saineolaí cothúcháin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3499072|chef]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1495660|léirmheastóir bia]]''
| 1934
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ann_cooper ann_cooper]
| [[:d:Q23782708|Q23782708]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783053|Ann Morgan]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ann_morgan ann_morgan]
| [[:d:Q23783053|Q23783053]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:AnnMarie Thomas (17598060293) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q22073671|AnnMarie Thomas]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1906857|innealtóir meicniúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/annmarie_thomas annmarie_thomas]
| [[:d:Q22073671|Q22073671]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Anna Deavere Smith.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q286777|Anna Deavere Smith]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2259451|aisteoir stáitse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q214917|drámadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1950-09-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anna_deavere_smith anna_deavere_smith]
| [[:d:Q286777|Q286777]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q60212870|Anna Greka]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anna_greka anna_greka]
| [[:d:Q60212870|Q60212870]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4767076|Anna Heringer]]''
| ailtire
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1977-10-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anna_heringer anna_heringer]
| [[:d:Q4767076|Q4767076]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q125484256|Anna Malaika Tubbs]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anna_malaika_tubbs anna_malaika_tubbs]
| [[:d:Q125484256|Q125484256]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42320877|Anna Maria Coclite]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anna_maria_coclite_TEDxVienna20221008-50437 anna_maria_coclite_TEDxVienna20221008-50437]
| [[:d:Q42320877|Q42320877]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23656753|Anna Mracek Dietrich]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anna_mracek_dietrichs anna_mracek_dietrichs]
| [[:d:Q23656753|Q23656753]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q111575965|Anna Piperal]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anna_piperal anna_piperal]
| [[:d:Q111575965|Q111575965]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Anna Rosling Rönnlund on &quot;Factfulness&quot;.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q24680868|Anna Rosling Rönnlund]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q183888|forbróir bogearraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2732142|staitisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1975-04-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an tSualainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anna_rosling_ronnlund anna_rosling_ronnlund]
| [[:d:Q24680868|Q24680868]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q58754610|Anna Rothschild]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anna_rothschild anna_rothschild]
| [[:d:Q58754610|Q58754610]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q27058390|Anne Basting]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1960s
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anne_basting anne_basting]
| [[:d:Q27058390|Q27058390]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Anne Curzan - Anatol Rodgers Lecture.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19364739|Anne Curzan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14467526|teangeolaí]]''
| 1969
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anne_curzan anne_curzan]
| [[:d:Q19364739|Q19364739]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Anne-Lamott-2013-San-Francisco (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2838773|Anne Lamott]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]
| 1954-04-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anne_lamott anne_lamott]
| [[:d:Q2838773|Q2838773]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q56722014|Anne Madden]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anne_madden anne_madden]
| [[:d:Q56722014|Q56722014]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q79317367|Anne Marie Albano]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anne_marie_albano anne_marie_albano]
| [[:d:Q79317367|Q79317367]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Anne Milgram official DEA photo.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4768651|Anne Milgram]]''
| dlíodóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1970-12-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anne_milgram anne_milgram]
| [[:d:Q4768651|Q4768651]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23091382|Anne Pasternak]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q674426|coimeádaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4164507|léirmheastóir ealaíne]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q780596|coimeádaí taispeántais]]''
| 1964
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anne_pasternak anne_pasternak]
| [[:d:Q23091382|Q23091382]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Special Operations Policy Forum 2018 (45000180525).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q465477|Anne-Marie Slaughter]]''
| 
| [[saineolaí dlí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21281706|riarthóir acadúla]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''
| 1958-09-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anne_marie_slaughter anne_marie_slaughter]
| [[:d:Q465477|Q465477]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23670515|Annette Heuser]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/annette_heuser annette_heuser]
| [[:d:Q23670515|Q23670515]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Annie Lennox March 2023.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Annie Lennox]]
| amhránaí Albanach
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q55960555|ealaíontóir taifeadta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2340668|stiúrthóir físeán ceoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q96034777|gníomhaí VEID]]''
| 1954-12-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/annie_lennox annie_lennox]
| [[:d:Q151231|Q151231]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Annie Murphy Paul &amp; Alice Wilder (7747958128).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23657111|Annie Murphy Paul]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/annie_murphy_paul annie_murphy_paul]
| [[:d:Q23657111|Q23657111]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Annie Rauwerda smiling 1 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q109628790|Annie Rauwerda]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1086863|colúnaí]]''
| 1999-11-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/annie_rauwerda annie_rauwerda]
| [[:d:Q109628790|Q109628790]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Anote Tong (1) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q57456|Anote Tong]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[taidhleoir]]
| 1952-06-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ciribeas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anote_tong anote_tong]
| [[:d:Q57456|Q57456]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Anthony Atala, Printing a Human Kidney on Stage (5507356887).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4772039|Anthony Atala]]''
| eolaí Meiriceánach
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]
| 1958-07-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anthony_atala anthony_atala]
| [[:d:Q4772039|Q4772039]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Anthony Fauci in 2023 02 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Anthony Fauci]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12119633|imdhíoneolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1940-12-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anthony_fauci anthony_fauci]
| [[:d:Q573246|Q573246]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Anthony Goldbloom Kaggle founder and CEO (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4772605|Anthony Goldbloom]]''
| fear gnó Astrálach
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1983-06-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anthony_goldbloom anthony_goldbloom]
| [[:d:Q4772605|Q4772605]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:ACLU Anthony D Romero.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1568107|Anthony Romero]]''
| gníomhaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1965-07-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anthony_d_romero anthony_d_romero]
| [[:d:Q1568107|Q1568107]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q97585702|Anthony Veneziale]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anthony_veneziale anthony_veneziale]
| [[:d:Q97585702|Q97585702]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q33225951|Antoine Gourévitch]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15978655|sainchomhairleoir]]''
| 1967-10-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/antoine_gourevitch antoine_gourevitch]
| [[:d:Q33225951|Q33225951]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759553|Antonio Donato Nobre]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 1958
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Bhrasaíl]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/antonio_donato_nobre antonio_donato_nobre]
| [[:d:Q23759553|Q23759553]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:AntonyGarrettLisi.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2600403|Antony Garrett Lisi]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13561328|surfer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19350898|fisiceoir teoiriciúil]]''
| 1968-01-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/garrett_lisi garrett_lisi]
| [[:d:Q2600403|Q2600403]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Antony Gormley Встреча с Гормли на выставке crop.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q360371|Antony Gormley]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2707485|radharcagrafaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15296811|maisitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18074503|ealaíontóir suiteáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]
| 1950-08-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/antony_gormley antony_gormley]
| [[:d:Q360371|Q360371]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:António Damásio no Fronteiras do Pensamento Porto Alegre 2013 cropped.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q380207|António Damásio]]''
| 
| [[néareolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''
| 1944-02-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Phortaingéil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/antonio_damasio antonio_damasio]
| [[:d:Q380207|Q380207]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:António Guterres, 23.03.23.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q311440|António Guterres]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1949-04-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Phortaingéil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/antonio_guterres antonio_guterres]
| [[:d:Q311440|Q311440]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q106520203|Anu Puusa]]''
| 
| 
| 1975-04-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Fhionlainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anu_puusa anu_puusa]
| [[:d:Q106520203|Q106520203]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Anupam Mishra.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4777823|Anupam Mishra]]''
| comhshaolaí Indiach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 1947-06-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Réimeas Briotanach|an Réimeas Briotanach]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1775277|Tiarnas na hIndia]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anupam_mishra anupam_mishra]
| [[:d:Q4777823|Q4777823]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q58813001|Anushka Naiknaware]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''
| 2003
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anushka_naiknaware anushka_naiknaware]
| [[:d:Q58813001|Q58813001]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q24051923|Aomawa Shields]]''
| 
| [[réalteolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/aomawa_shields aomawa_shields]
| [[:d:Q24051923|Q24051923]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Aparna Nancherla LBJ Presidential Library 2019 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q24884398|Aparna Nancherla]]''
| 
| [[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''
| 1982-08-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/aparna_nancherla aparna_nancherla]
| [[:d:Q24884398|Q24884398]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657177|Aparna Rao]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 1978
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/aparna_rao aparna_rao]
| [[:d:Q23657177|Q23657177]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Apiorkor Seyiram Ashong-Abbey in hijab.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q106228455|Apiorkor Seyiram Ashong-Abbey]]''
| file Gánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[file]]
| 1988-04-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Gána]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/apiorkor_seyiram_ashong_abbey apiorkor_seyiram_ashong_abbey]
| [[:d:Q106228455|Q106228455]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4780347|Apollo Robbins]]''
| draíodóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q15978655|sainchomhairleoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15855449|draíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]
| 1974-05-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/apollo_robbins apollo_robbins]
| [[:d:Q4780347|Q4780347]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Picture of Ari Wallach.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4790131|Ari Wallach]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q846430|todhchaíoch]]''
| 1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ari_wallach ari_wallach]
| [[:d:Q4790131|Q4790131]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q93523410|Ariana Curtis]]''
| 
| [[staraí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q674426|coimeádaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q47090899|museum professional]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ariana_curtis ariana_curtis]
| [[:d:Q93523410|Q93523410]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Arianna Huffington 2011 Shankbone 2.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q233397|Arianna Huffington]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2722764|pearsa raidió]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864380|beathaisnéisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''
| 1950-07-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Ghréig]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/arianna_huffington arianna_huffington]
| [[:d:Q233397|Q233397]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ariel Garten Playing Quintephone at ICMC2007imgp7900cpq.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4790411|Ariel Garten]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3501317|dearthóir faisin]]''
| 1979-09-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ariel_garten ariel_garten]
| [[:d:Q4790411|Q4790411]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ariel Waldman (8543944344).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q65122975|Ariel Waldman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15143191|cumarsáidí eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ariel_waldman ariel_waldman]
| [[:d:Q65122975|Q65122975]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662627|Aris Venetikidis]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/aris_venetikidis aris_venetikidis]
| [[:d:Q23662627|Q23662627]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q59428262|Armando Azua-Bustos]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/armando_azua_bustos armando_azua_bustos]
| [[:d:Q59428262|Q59428262]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q123785656|Arnav Kapur]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/arnav_kapur arnav_kapur]
| [[:d:Q123785656|Q123785656]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Arthur Brooks (16066140274).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4798155|Arthur C. Brooks]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19729565|horn player]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1964-05-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/arthur_brooks arthur_brooks]
| [[:d:Q4798155|Q4798155]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q709449|Arthur Ganson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q713223|ealaíontóir cónaithe]]''
| 1955
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/arthur_ganson arthur_ganson]
| [[:d:Q709449|Q709449]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4800011|Arthur Potts Dawson]]''
| 
| 
| 1971-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/arthur_potts_dawson arthur_potts_dawson]
| [[:d:Q4800011|Q4800011]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Arthur T. Benjamin in 2007.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2865351|Arthur T. Benjamin]]''
| matamaiticeoir Meiriceánach
| [[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1961-03-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/arthur_benjamin arthur_benjamin]
| [[:d:Q2865351|Q2865351]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Arunabha Ghosh at Sustainable Development Impact Summit 2021.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q118640613|Arunabha Ghosh]]''
| 
| [[príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/arunabha_ghosh arunabha_ghosh]
| [[:d:Q118640613|Q118640613]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Arunachalam Muruganantham in California.jpeg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q235553|Arunachalam Muruganantham]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1962-10-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/arunachalam_muruganantham arunachalam_muruganantham]
| [[:d:Q235553|Q235553]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Arvind Gupta Oct 2010 IUCAA.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3633965|Arvind Gupta]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]''
| 1953-12-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/arvind_gupta arvind_gupta]
| [[:d:Q3633965|Q3633965]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23727967|Ash Beckham]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ash_beckham ash_beckham]
| [[:d:Q23727967|Q23727967]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Asha de Vos cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23768737|Asha de Vos]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]
| 1979
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Srí Lanca]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/asha_de_vos asha_de_vos]
| [[:d:Q23768737|Q23768737]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783386|Asher Hasan]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/asher_hasan asher_hasan]
| [[:d:Q23783386|Q23783386]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ashif Shaikh.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4805056|Ashif Shaikh]]''
| 
| 
| 1982-10-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ashif_shaikh ashif_shaikh]
| [[:d:Q4805056|Q4805056]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ashley Judd SXSW 2024.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q228645|Ashley Judd]]''
| ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|aisteoir stáitse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1968-04-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ashley_judd ashley_judd]
| [[:d:Q228645|Q228645]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q87237972|Ashley Whillans]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q99193996|eolaí iompraíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5669847|ollamh cúnta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''
| 1988-05-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ashley_whillans_1 ashley_whillans_1]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/ashley_whillans ashley_whillans]
| [[:d:Q87237972|Q87237972]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Aschraf Ghani MSC 2017 2 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q172388|Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''
| 1949-05-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q30747910|Poblacht Ioslamach na hAfganastáine]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ashraf_ghani ashraf_ghani]
| [[:d:Q172388|Q172388]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4806016|Ashton Applewhite]]''
| gníomhaí Meiriceánach (1952-)
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1952-06-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ashton_applewhite ashton_applewhite]
| [[:d:Q4806016|Q4806016]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, DOE Director.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q55955709|Asmeret Asefaw Berhe]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12370538|soil scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/asmeret_berhe asmeret_berhe]
| [[:d:Q55955709|Q55955709]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782514|Aspen Baker]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/aspen_baker aspen_baker]
| [[:d:Q23782514|Q23782514]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Astro Teller candid.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4811519|Astro Teller]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''
| 1970-05-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/astro_teller astro_teller]
| [[:d:Q4811519|Q4811519]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Atul Gawande, USAID Assistant Administrator.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2751383|Atul Gawande]]''
| máinlia Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q18533509|medical writer]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;[[máinlia]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1965-11-05&lt;br/&gt;1965-05-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/atul_gawande_1 atul_gawande_1]
| [[:d:Q2751383|Q2751383]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Aubrey de Grey - How We Will Beat Aging.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q175969|Aubrey de Grey]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q20107384|gerontologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q133575875|anti-aging practitioner and activist]]''
| 1963-04-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/aubrey_de_grey aubrey_de_grey]
| [[:d:Q175969|Q175969]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Audrey Choi at Sustainable Development Impact Summit 2021.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q112670837|Audrey Choi]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''
| 1968
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/audrey_choi audrey_choi]
| [[:d:Q112670837|Q112670837]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:EPFL 2020 Auke Ijspeert Portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q24040710|Auke Ijspeert]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Eilvéis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/auke_ijspeert auke_ijspeert]
| [[:d:Q24040710|Q24040710]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795350|Auret van Heerden]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/auret_van_heerden auret_van_heerden]
| [[:d:Q23795350|Q23795350]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ava DuVernay 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4827381|Ava DuVernay]]''
| stiúrthóir scannán Meiriceánach
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''
| 1972-08-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ava_duvernay ava_duvernay]
| [[:d:Q4827381|Q4827381]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q22279966|Avi Reichental]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''
| 1957-01-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Iosrael]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/avi_reichental avi_reichental]
| [[:d:Q22279966|Q22279966]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Avi rubin kimball brace cfp2006.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4828480|Avi Rubin]]''
| eolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1967-11-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/avi_rubin avi_rubin]
| [[:d:Q4828480|Q4828480]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Prof. Avinash Persaud (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4828876|Avinash Persaud]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]
| 1966-06-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/avinash_persaud avinash_persaud]
| [[:d:Q4828876|Q4828876]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q33199187|Axel Reinaud]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15978655|sainchomhairleoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1967-10-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/axel_reinaud axel_reinaud]
| [[:d:Q33199187|Q33199187]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ayah Bdeir.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4830820|Ayah Bdeir]]''
| ealaíontóir
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1982
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Liobáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ayah_bdeir ayah_bdeir]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1267 1267]
| [[:d:Q4830820|Q4830820]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ayana Johnson, profile of a marine biologist.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q50074170|Ayana Elizabeth Johnson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16185210|comhairleoir beartais]]''
| 1980-08-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ayana_elizabeth_johnson ayana_elizabeth_johnson]
| [[:d:Q50074170|Q50074170]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ayanna M. Howard - SnoMote.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q11644|Ayanna Howard]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3437279|roboticist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1972-01-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ayanna_howard ayanna_howard]
| [[:d:Q11644|Q11644]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q54805533|Ayelet Fishbach]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10672931|síceolaí sóisialta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Iosrael]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ayelet_fishbach ayelet_fishbach]
| [[:d:Q54805533|Q54805533]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q50208514|Azim F. Shariff]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/azim_shariff azim_shariff]
| [[:d:Q50208514|Q50208514]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4832583|Azim Khamisa]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1959
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/azim_n_khamisa azim_n_khamisa]
| [[:d:Q4832583|Q4832583]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Aziz Abu Sarah.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q65030161|Aziz Abu Sarah]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1039099|tour guide]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16323111|gníomhaí síochána]]''
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/aziz_abu_sarah aziz_abu_sarah]
| [[:d:Q65030161|Q65030161]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23728292|Aziza Chaouni]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1977-06-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Maracó]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/aziza_chaouni aziza_chaouni]
| [[:d:Q23728292|Q23728292]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:B. Joseph Pine at SXSW 2025.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4834072|B. Joseph Pine II]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1958
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joseph_pine joseph_pine]
| [[:d:Q4834072|Q4834072]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769545|BJ Miller]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1971-10-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bj_miller bj_miller]
| [[:d:Q23769545|Q23769545]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16245994|Baba Shiv]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q84506120|business administration scholar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/baba_shiv baba_shiv]
| [[:d:Q16245994|Q16245994]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bahia Shehab.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23662610|Bahia Shehab]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1792450|staraí na healaíne]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1977
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Liobáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bahia_shehab bahia_shehab]
| [[:d:Q23662610|Q23662610]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662600|Bandi Mbubi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bandi_mbubi bandi_mbubi]
| [[:d:Q23662600|Q23662600]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4858477|Barat Ali Batoor]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1983
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/barat_ali_batoor barat_ali_batoor]
| [[:d:Q4858477|Q4858477]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Baratunde Thurston at ROFLCon II.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4858494|Baratunde Thurston]]''
| fuirseoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q18814623|dírbheathaisnéisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1977-09-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/baratunde_thurston baratunde_thurston]
| [[:d:Q4858494|Q4858494]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4858754|Barbara Block]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3640160|bitheolaí muirí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1958
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/barbara_block barbara_block]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/801 801]
| [[:d:Q4858754|Q4858754]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17026605|Barbara F. Walter]]''
| eolaí polaitíochta Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1964
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/barbara_f_walter barbara_f_walter]
| [[:d:Q17026605|Q17026605]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q29871142|Barbara J. King]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1956-08-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/barbara_j_king barbara_j_king]
| [[:d:Q29871142|Q29871142]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23016646|Barbara Natterson-Horowitz]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3264451|cairdeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/barbara_natterson_horowitz barbara_natterson_horowitz]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/b_n_horowitz b_n_horowitz]
| [[:d:Q23016646|Q23016646]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4864717|Barry Schuler]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1953-09-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/barry_schuler barry_schuler]
| [[:d:Q4864717|Q4864717]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Barry Schwartz.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3500411|Barry Schwartz]]''
| síceolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''
| 1946-08-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/barry_schwartz barry_schwartz]
| [[:d:Q3500411|Q3500411]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:BartKnols2014.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23662325|Bart Knols]]''
| 
| [[ollamh]]
| 1965
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bart_knols bart_knols]
| [[:d:Q23662325|Q23662325]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795783|Bart Weetjens]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bart_weetjens bart_weetjens]
| [[:d:Q23795783|Q23795783]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4865683|Barton Seaver]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3499072|chef]]''
| 1979-04-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/barton_seaver barton_seaver]
| [[:d:Q4865683|Q4865683]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769533|Bassam Tariq]]''
| 
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3455803|stiúrthóir]]''
| 1986-10-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bassam_tariq bassam_tariq]
| [[:d:Q23769533|Q23769533]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23671506|Bastian Schaefer]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bastian_schaefer bastian_schaefer]
| [[:d:Q23671506|Q23671506]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Beardyman at Camp Bestival 2008.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2573649|Beardyman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q59958430|buillebhoscadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4110598|físbhlagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17125263|cruthaitheoir YouTube]]''
| 1982-05-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/beardyman beardyman]
| [[:d:Q2573649|Q2573649]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Beau Lotto.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23795352|Beau Lotto]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/beau_lotto beau_lotto]
| [[:d:Q23795352|Q23795352]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q56948669|Becca Heller]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/becca_heller becca_heller]
| [[:d:Q56948669|Q56948669]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662243|Becci Manson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q33383789|retoucher]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/becci_manson becci_manson]
| [[:d:Q23662243|Q23662243]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795670|Becky Blanton]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/becky_blanton becky_blanton]
| [[:d:Q23795670|Q23795670]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q121542981|Becky Kennedy]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/becky_kennedy becky_kennedy]
| [[:d:Q121542981|Q121542981]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Official portrait of Baroness Kidron crop 2, 2024.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q335605|Beeban Kidron]]''
| 
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2059704|stiúrthóir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3455803|stiúrthóir]]''
| 1961-05-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/beeban_kidron beeban_kidron]
| [[:d:Q335605|Q335605]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bel Pesce - 12285922333.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23769253|Bel Pesce]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1988-02-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Bhrasaíl]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bel_pesce bel_pesce]
| [[:d:Q23769253|Q23769253]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23760173|Ben Ambridge]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ben_ambridge ben_ambridge]
| [[:d:Q23760173|Q23760173]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23796181|Ben Cameron]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ben_cameron ben_cameron]
| [[:d:Q23796181|Q23796181]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ben Goldacre TAM London 2009.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q816499|Ben Goldacre]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17433421|science journalist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q211346|síciatraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1974-05-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ben_goldacre ben_goldacre]
| [[:d:Q816499|Q816499]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23656758|Ben Kacyra]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ben_kacyra ben_kacyra]
| [[:d:Q23656758|Q23656758]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Loz-katchor.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q464432|Ben Katchor]]''
| scríbhneoir
| ''[[:d:Q715301|ealaíontóir greannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8178443|leabhrógaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1114448|cartúnaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11892507|scríbhneoir greannán]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1951-11-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ben_katchor ben_katchor]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/438 438]
| [[:d:Q464432|Q464432]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657093|Ben Roche]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q156839|cócaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ben_roche ben_roche]
| [[:d:Q23657093|Q23657093]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4886414|Ben Saunders]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11900058|taiscéalaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15982858|cainteoir inspreagtha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''
| 1977-08-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ben_saunders ben_saunders]
| [[:d:Q4886414|Q4886414]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23760188|Ben Wellington]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ben_wellington ben_wellington]
| [[:d:Q23760188|Q23760188]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Benedetta Berti (2019), FORUM 2000, Prague.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23769525|Benedetta Berti]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Iodáil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/benedetta_berti benedetta_berti]
| [[:d:Q23769525|Q23769525]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4888224|Benjamin B. Dunlap]]''
| scoláire Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1937-12-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ben_dunlap ben_dunlap]
| [[:d:Q4888224|Q4888224]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Benjamin R Barber in 2010 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q817665|Benjamin Barber]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1939-08-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/benjamin_barber benjamin_barber]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1565 1565]
| [[:d:Q817665|Q817665]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782723|Benjamin Wallace]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1968-09-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/benjamin_wallace benjamin_wallace]
| [[:d:Q23782723|Q23782723]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Benjamin Zander 2009.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q817758|Benjamin Zander]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q158852|stiúrthóir ceolfhoirne]]''
| 1939-03-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/benjamin_zander benjamin_zander]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/247 247]
| [[:d:Q817758|Q817758]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Benoit Mandelbrot mg 1804-d.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Benoît Mandelbrot]]
| eolaí agus matamaiticeoir
| [[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1924-11-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Pholainn]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Fhrainc]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/benoit_mandelbrot benoit_mandelbrot]
| [[:d:Q101740|Q101740]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bernie Krause (8734312024).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2899063|Bernie Krause]]''
| 
| [[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19850998|ealaíontóir fuaime]]''
| 1938-12-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bernie_kraus bernie_kraus]
| [[:d:Q2899063|Q2899063]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bertrand Piccard 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q366255|Bertrand Piccard]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11900058|taiscéalaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q211346|síciatraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q728425|balúnaí]]''
| 1958-03-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Eilvéis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Bheilg]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bertrand_piccard bertrand_piccard]
| [[:d:Q366255|Q366255]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Beth Ford 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q69927444|Beth Ford]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1963
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/beth_ford beth_ford]
| [[:d:Q69927444|Q69927444]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:BethNoveckJI1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3661885|Beth Simone Noveck]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2994387|sainchomhairleoir]]''
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/beth_noveck beth_noveck]
| [[:d:Q3661885|Q3661885]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q115793635|Beth Viner]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/beth_viner beth_viner]
| [[:d:Q115793635|Q115793635]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Betul Kacar.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q52450733|Betül Kaçar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3061999|astrobiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1983
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Tuirc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/betul_kacar betul_kacar]
| [[:d:Q52450733|Q52450733]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bevy Smith.jpeg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16204817|Bevy Smith]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1966-11-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bevy_smith bevy_smith]
| [[:d:Q16204817|Q16204817]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Tenzing Norgay National Adventure Award for the year-2011 to Ms. Bhakti Sharma for Water Adventure, in a glittering ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on August 29, 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18763485|Bhakti Sharma]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q10843402|snámhóir]]''
| 1989-11-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bhakti_sharma bhakti_sharma]
| [[:d:Q18763485|Q18763485]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23661644|Bilal Bomani]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bilal_bomani bilal_bomani]
| [[:d:Q23661644|Q23661644]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23784989|Bill Davenhall]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bill_davenhall bill_davenhall]
| [[:d:Q23784989|Q23784989]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662933|Bill Doyle]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bill_doyle bill_doyle]
| [[:d:Q23662933|Q23662933]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bill Gates at the European Commission - 2025 - P067383-987995 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Bill Gates]]
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5482740|ríomhchláraitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12362622|daonchara]]''
| 1955-10-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bill_gates bill_gates]
| [[:d:Q5284|Q5284]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bill Gross.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16192727|Bill Gross]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1958
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bill_gross bill_gross]
| [[:d:Q16192727|Q16192727]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bill Joy at World Economic Forum (Davos), 2003-01 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q335047|Bill Joy]]''
| ríomheolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5482740|ríomhchláraitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1954-11-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bill_joy bill_joy]
| [[:d:Q335047|Q335047]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bill Strickland in 2008.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4911032|Bill Strickland]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1947-08-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bill_strickland bill_strickland]
| [[:d:Q4911032|Q4911032]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bill T. Jones.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2903368|Bill T. Jones]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2490358|cóiréagrafaí]]''
| 1952-02-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bill_t_jones bill_t_jones]
| [[:d:Q2903368|Q2903368]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:BJK headshot 2011 5x7 300dpi.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Billie Jean King]]
| imreoir leadóige Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q10833314|imreoir leadóige]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13219424|cóitseálaí leadóige]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2986228|tráchtaire spóirt]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1943-11-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/billie_jean_king billie_jean_king]
| [[:d:Q54527|Q54527]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Billy Collins.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q863057|Billy Collins]]''
| file Meiriceánach
| [[file]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16308156|scoláire Béarla]]''
| 1941-03-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/billy_collins billy_collins]
| [[:d:Q863057|Q863057]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Billy Graham bw photo, April 11, 1966.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Billy Graham]]
| soiscéalaí Críostaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q152002|tréadaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1234713|diagaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q432386|seanmóirí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18814623|dírbheathaisnéisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1423891|ministir]]''
| 1918-11-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/billy_graham billy_graham]
| [[:d:Q213550|Q213550]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bina Venkataraman at New America.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q92590788|Bina Venkataraman]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1979-10-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bina_venkataraman bina_venkataraman]
| [[:d:Q92590788|Q92590788]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23798780|Birke Baehr]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/birke_baehr birke_baehr]
| [[:d:Q23798780|Q23798780]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bjarke Ingels in Frankfurt.20150617.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Bjarke Ingels]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1974-10-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q756617|Ríocht na Danmhairge]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bjarke_ingels bjarke_ingels]
| [[:d:Q429817|Q429817]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Björn Ulvaeus 2023 (53338026438) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Björn Ulvaeus]]
| amhránaí Sualannach
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q855091|giotáraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Léiritheoir ceoil|léiritheoir ceirníní]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8178443|leabhrógaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''
| 1945-04-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSualainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bjoern_ulvaeus bjoern_ulvaeus]
| [[:d:Q179682|Q179682]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bjørn Lomborg 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q318511|Bjørn Lomborg]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2732142|staitisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839134|éiceolaí]]''
| 1965-01-06&lt;br/&gt;1965-01-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q756617|Ríocht na Danmhairge]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bjorn_lomborg bjorn_lomborg]
| [[:d:Q318511|Q318511]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bjørn Otto Sverdrup (50266182078).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17110808|Bjørn Otto Sverdrup]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2462658|bainisteoir]]''
| 1968-05-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Iorua]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bjorn_otto_sverdrup bjorn_otto_sverdrup]
| [[:d:Q17110808|Q17110808]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Black Yoyo 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17214011|Black]]''
| 
| 
| 1982-12-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSeapáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/black black]
| [[:d:Q17214011|Q17214011]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23797800|Black Label Movement]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/black_label_movement black_label_movement]
| [[:d:Q23797800|Q23797800]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:PhotonQ-Demis Hassabis on Artificial Playful Intelligence (15366514658) (2).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4924259|Blaise Agüera y Arcas]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1975-08-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Meicsiceo]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/blaise_aguera_y_arcas blaise_aguera_y_arcas]
| [[:d:Q4924259|Q4924259]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662240|Boaz Almog]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/boaz_almog boaz_almog]
| [[:d:Q23662240|Q23662240]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bob Inglis congressional portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q888008|Bob Inglis]]''
| polaiteoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1959-10-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bob_inglis bob_inglis]
| [[:d:Q888008|Q888008]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4934421|Bob Wiltfong]]''
| aisteoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''
| 1969-11-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bob_wiltfong bob_wiltfong]
| [[:d:Q4934421|Q4934421]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:DIG13846-061.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q312782|Bob Woodward]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1943-03-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bob_woodward bob_woodward]
| [[:d:Q312782|Q312782]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bobby Ghosh - 2017 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4935035|Bobby Ghosh]]''
| iriseoir agus eagarthóir Indiach
| ''[[:d:Q164236|comhfhreagraí cogaidh]]''
| 1967
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bobby_ghosh bobby_ghosh]
| [[:d:Q4935035|Q4935035]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bobby McFerrin 2011.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q310894|Bobby McFerrin]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q158852|stiúrthóir ceolfhoirne]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15981151|ceoltóir snagcheoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q59958430|buillebhoscadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q55960555|ealaíontóir taifeadta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q266569|beochantóir]]''
| 1950-03-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bobby_mcferrin bobby_mcferrin]
| [[:d:Q310894|Q310894]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Boghuma Kabisen Titanji 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23670967|Boghuma Kabisen Titanji]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Camarún]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/boghuma_kabisen_titanji boghuma_kabisen_titanji]
| [[:d:Q23670967|Q23670967]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Re publica Accra 18 – Day 2 (44534526750) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2411298|Boniface Mwangi]]''
| fóta-iriseoir Céiniach
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1983-07-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Chéinia]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/boniface_mwangi boniface_mwangi]
| [[:d:Q2411298|Q2411298]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bassler.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q60545293|Bonnie Bassler]]''
| bitheolaí móilíneach Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q15839206|bitheolaí móilíneach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bithcheimiceoir]]
| 1962
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bonnie_bassler bonnie_bassler]
| [[:d:Q60545293|Q60545293]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bono singing in Indianapolis on Joshua Tree Tour 2017 9-10-17.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Bono]]
| Is ceoltóir rac Éireannach é, amhránaí le U2
| [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13235160|monaróir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q855091|giotáraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1960-05-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bono bono]
| [[:d:Q834621|Q834621]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23713817|Boyd Varty]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Afraic Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/boyd_varty boyd_varty]
| [[:d:Q23713817|Q23713817]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bozoma Saint John (Photo Cred - Maya A Darasaw, MAD Works Photography).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q24851630|Bozoma Saint John]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1072339|chief marketing officer]]''
| 1977-01-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Gána]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bozoma_saint_john bozoma_saint_john]
| [[:d:Q24851630|Q24851630]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Etech05 Bran1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4956294|Bran Ferren]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1953-01-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bran_ferren bran_ferren]
| [[:d:Q4956294|Q4956294]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Brenda-laurel-sxsw.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4960717|Brenda Laurel]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18882335|video game designer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1950-11-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/brenda_laurel brenda_laurel]
| [[:d:Q4960717|Q4960717]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Brenda Romero at 2015 IGF Awards-GDCA (16102142533) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q521361|Brenda Romero]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q58287519|video game developer]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q54845077|role-playing game designer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5482740|ríomhchláraitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1966-10-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/brenda_brathwaite brenda_brathwaite]
| [[:d:Q521361|Q521361]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dr. Brene Brown at Texas Conference for Women (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4961808|Brené Brown]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11774202|scríbhneoir aistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7019111|oibrí sóisialta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1965-11-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/brene_brown brene_brown]
| [[:d:Q4961808|Q4961808]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q102283364|Brett Stephen Hennig]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/brett_hennig brett_hennig]
| [[:d:Q102283364|Q102283364]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Brewster Kahle (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q92945|Brewster Kahle]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q20013489|digital librarian]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q635734|cartlannaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q182436|leabharlannaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''
| 1960-10-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/brewster_kahle brewster_kahle]
| [[:d:Q92945|Q92945]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Professor Brian Cox OBE FRS.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q463581|Brian Cox]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1075651|méarchláraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''
| 1968-03-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/brian_cox brian_cox]
| [[:d:Q463581|Q463581]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4963566|Brian Dettmer]]''
| ealaíontóir Meiriceánach
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/brian_dettmer brian_dettmer]
| [[:d:Q4963566|Q4963566]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Brian Goldman - EMWF 2018 - DanH-0278 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4963859|Brian Goldman]]''
| dochtúir Ceanadach
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]
| 1956-06-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/brian_goldman brian_goldman]
| [[:d:Q4963859|Q4963859]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Brian Greene, February 28, 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q60815|Brian Greene]]''
| fisiceoir Meiriceánach
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19350898|fisiceoir teoiriciúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[matamaiticeoir]]
| 1963-02-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/brian_greene brian_greene]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/227 227]
| [[:d:Q60815|Q60815]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q68215808|Brian Little]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/brian_little brian_little]
| [[:d:Q68215808|Q68215808]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Brian Skerry.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4965308|Brian Skerry]]''
| grianghrafadóir Meiriceánach
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q957729|fóta-iriseoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1962
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/brian_skerry brian_skerry]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/717 717]
| [[:d:Q4965308|Q4965308]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bright Simons speak on Facts-based Activism During 2013 UN General Assembly Meeting..jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17145806|Bright Simons]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Gána]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bright_simons bright_simons]
| [[:d:Q17145806|Q17145806]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q120544947|Britt Wray]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/britt_wray britt_wray]
| [[:d:Q120544947|Q120544947]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Britta Riley (6993163852).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23656783|Britta Riley]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/britta_riley britta_riley]
| [[:d:Q23656783|Q23656783]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q64009850|Brittany K. Barnett]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/brittany_k_barnett brittany_k_barnett]
| [[:d:Q64009850|Q64009850]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Brittany Packnett.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q26924387|Brittany Packnett]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1984-11-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/brittany_packnett brittany_packnett]
| [[:d:Q26924387|Q26924387]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q84598788|Brittany Young]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q974144|oideoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/brittany_young brittany_young]
| [[:d:Q84598788|Q84598788]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Brittney Cooper.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q52187077|Brittney C. Cooper]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1980-12-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/brittney_cooper brittney_cooper]
| [[:d:Q52187077|Q52187077]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q75732840|Bronwyn King]]''
| 
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bronwyn_king bronwyn_king]
| [[:d:Q75732840|Q75732840]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bruce Aylward at NetHope Global Summit (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q87914789|Bruce Aylward]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|eipidéimeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bruce_aylward bruce_aylward]
| [[:d:Q87914789|Q87914789]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bruce Bueno de Mesquita.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2926412|Bruce Bueno de Mesquita]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1946-11-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bruce_bueno_de_mesquita bruce_bueno_de_mesquita]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/344 344]
| [[:d:Q2926412|Q2926412]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bruce Feiler.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4977459|Bruce Feiler]]''
| scríbhneoir
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1964-10-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bruce_feiler bruce_feiler]
| [[:d:Q4977459|Q4977459]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bruce Friedrich.jpeg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4977515|Bruce Friedrich]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11966252|gníomhaí ar son cearta ainmhithe]]''
| 1969-08-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bruce_friedrich bruce_friedrich]
| [[:d:Q4977515|Q4977515]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4977974|Bruce McCall]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q644687|maisitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12406482|greannóir]]''
| 1935&lt;br/&gt;1935-05-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bruce_mccall bruce_mccall]
| [[:d:Q4977974|Q4977974]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bruce Schneier 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q368328|Bruce Schneier]]''
| ríomheolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q15442776|cripteagrafaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]
| 1963-01-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bruce_schneier bruce_schneier]
| [[:d:Q368328|Q368328]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759795|Bruno Bowden]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bruno_bowden bruno_bowden]
| [[:d:Q23759795|Q23759795]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bruno Giussani.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2616493|Bruno Giussani]]''
| scríbhneoir Eilvéiseach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1964
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Eilvéis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bruno_giussani bruno_giussani]
| [[:d:Q2616493|Q2616493]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5395568|Bruno Maisonnier]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''
| 1958-08-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bruno_maisonnier bruno_maisonnier]
| [[:d:Q5395568|Q5395568]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759670|Bruno Torturra]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bruno_torturra bruno_torturra]
| [[:d:Q23759670|Q23759670]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bryan Stevenson in 2012 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2698978|Bryan Stevenson]]''
| dlíodóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1959-11-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bryan_stevenson bryan_stevenson]
| [[:d:Q2698978|Q2698978]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bryce Dallas Howard June 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q229775|Bryce Dallas Howard]]''
| ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|aisteoir stáitse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''
| 1981-03-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bryce_dallas_howard bryce_dallas_howard]
| [[:d:Q229775|Q229775]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sanjit Bunker Roy at Time 2010.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2654764|Bunker Roy]]''
| gníomhaí Indiach
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16278103|imreoir scuaise]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2462658|bainisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q662729|pearsa phoiblí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1231865|oideolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12336252|social entrepreneur]]''
| 1945-08-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Réimeas Briotanach|an Réimeas Briotanach]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bunker_roy bunker_roy]
| [[:d:Q2654764|Q2654764]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Burt Rutan - Cropped.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q453046|Burt Rutan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q10497074|innealtóir eitilte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2095549|eitleoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1943-06-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/burt_rutan burt_rutan]
| [[:d:Q453046|Q453046]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dr.BurcinMP.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q54871429|Burçin Mutlu-Pakdil]]''
| réaltfhisiceoir Turcach
| [[réalteolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Tuirc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/burcin_mutlu_pakdil burcin_mutlu_pakdil]
| [[:d:Q54871429|Q54871429]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23691925|Béatrice Coron]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 1956-07-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/beatrice_coron beatrice_coron]
| [[:d:Q23691925|Q23691925]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:CKWilliams.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2930440|C. K. Williams]]''
| file agus léirmheastóir Meiriceánach (1936-2015)
| [[file]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q333634|aistritheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1936-11-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/c_k_williams c_k_williams]
| [[:d:Q2930440|Q2930440]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662175|C. Noel Bairey Merz]]''
| 
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/c_noel_bairey_merz c_noel_bairey_merz]
| [[:d:Q23662175|Q23662175]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Caitlin Doughty in red evergreen background.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18149464|Caitlin Doughty]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17125263|cruthaitheoir YouTube]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q316490|adhlacóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''
| 1984-08-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/caitlin_doughty caitlin_doughty]
| [[:d:Q18149464|Q18149464]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662822|Caitria O'Neill]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/caitria_o_neill caitria_o_neill]
| [[:d:Q23662822|Q23662822]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782397|Caleb Chung]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/caleb_chung caleb_chung]
| [[:d:Q23782397|Q23782397]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q56448414|Cameron E Webb]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cameron_webb cameron_webb]
| [[:d:Q56448414|Q56448414]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18921892|Cameron Herold]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cameron_herold cameron_herold]
| [[:d:Q18921892|Q18921892]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Cameron Russell upstate New York 2008.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5026365|Cameron Russell]]''
| mainicín Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q865851|supermodel]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1987-06-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cameron_russell cameron_russell]
| [[:d:Q5026365|Q5026365]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Architecture for Humanity - Design like you give a damn.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1916995|Cameron Sinclair]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 1973-11-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cameron_sinclair cameron_sinclair]
| [[:d:Q1916995|Q1916995]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q90318322|Camilla Arndal Andersen]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/camilla_arndal_andersen camilla_arndal_andersen]
| [[:d:Q90318322|Q90318322]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Camille A. Brown.tif|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5026614|Camille A. Brown]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2490358|cóiréagrafaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5716684|damhsóir]]''
| 1979
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/camille_brown camille_brown]
| [[:d:Q5026614|Q5026614]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Camille Seaman (16574061918).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23657188|Camille Seaman]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]
| 1969
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/camille_seaman camille_seaman]
| [[:d:Q23657188|Q23657188]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Candace Parker (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q242278|Candace Parker]]''
| cispheileadóir
| ''[[:d:Q3665646|cispheileadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]
| 1986-04-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/candace_parker candace_parker]
| [[:d:Q242278|Q242278]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662781|Candy Chang]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/candy_chang candy_chang]
| [[:d:Q23662781|Q23662781]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Cara Elizabeth Yar Khan MFF24 BodiesInMotion Coury.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q112895258|Cara Elizabeth Yar Khan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q22336956|daonnúlach]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cara_e_yar_khan cara_e_yar_khan]
| [[:d:Q112895258|Q112895258]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Carin Bondar 1 (22826880310).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23670521|Carin Bondar]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''
| 1975-05-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carin_bondar carin_bondar]
| [[:d:Q23670521|Q23670521]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Carl H. June, M.D. (2015).JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19277113|Carl H. June]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12119633|imdhíoneolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16062369|oinceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1953
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carl_june carl_june]
| [[:d:Q19277113|Q19277113]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Carl Honoré.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4355090|Carl Honoré]]''
| iriseoir Ceanadach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1967-12-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carl_honore carl_honore]
| [[:d:Q4355090|Q4355090]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Carl Safina.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5040752|Carl Safina]]''
| bitheolaí Meiriceánach
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839134|éiceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3546255|aigéaneolaí]]''
| 1955
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carl_safina carl_safina]
| [[:d:Q5040752|Q5040752]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662330|Carl Schoonover]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carl_schoonover carl_schoonover]
| [[:d:Q23662330|Q23662330]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q108001876|Carla A. Harris]]''
| 
| 
| 1962-10-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carla_harris carla_harris]
| [[:d:Q108001876|Q108001876]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Carlo Ratti (3330956571).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q552294|Carlo Ratti]]''
| ailtire Iodálach
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''
| 1971-01-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Iodáil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carlo_ratti carlo_ratti]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/887 887]
| [[:d:Q552294|Q552294]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:CarlosMDuarteatIlulisatBay.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q37616399|Carlos M. Duarte]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3640160|bitheolaí muirí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3546255|aigéaneolaí]]''
| 1960-07-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Spáinn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carlos_m_duarte carlos_m_duarte]
| [[:d:Q37616399|Q37616399]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Carlos Orsi IQC 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q9697265|Carlos Orsi]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18844224|scríbhneoir ficsean eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15143191|cumarsáidí eolaíochta]]''
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Bhrasaíl]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carlos_orsi_tres_perguntas_contra_fake_news carlos_orsi_tres_perguntas_contra_fake_news]
| [[:d:Q9697265|Q9697265]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5751609|Carlos Rodríguez Pastor Persivale]]''
| duine gnó Peiriúch
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q806798|baincéir]]''
| 1959-04-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Peiriú]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carlos_rodriguez-pastor carlos_rodriguez-pastor]
| [[:d:Q5751609|Q5751609]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5043415|Carmen Agra Deedy]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]''
| 1960
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carmen_agra_deedy carmen_agra_deedy]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/280 280]
| [[:d:Q5043415|Q5043415]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Carne Ross (Independent Diplomat).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2682141|Carne Ross]]''
| taidhleoir Briotanach
| [[taidhleoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q69423232|scríbhneoir scripte scannáin]]''
| 1966
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carne_ross carne_ross]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/793 793]
| [[:d:Q2682141|Q2682141]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q28697869|Carol Fishman Cohen]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carol_f_cohen carol_f_cohen]
| [[:d:Q28697869|Q28697869]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Carol Dweck for Innovation documentary.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2939829|Carol S. Dweck]]''
| síceolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1946-10-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carol_dweck carol_dweck]
| [[:d:Q2939829|Q2939829]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Carole Cadwalladr 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5044664|Carole Cadwalladr]]''
| iriseoir iniúchach Briotanach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q42909|tuairisceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]
| 1969-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carole_cadwalladr carole_cadwalladr]
| [[:d:Q5044664|Q5044664]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Caroline Casey (born 1971) at World Economic Forum Davos 2021.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23797152|Caroline Casey]]''
| 
| 
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/caroline_casey caroline_casey]
| [[:d:Q23797152|Q23797152]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Photo - Festival de Cornouaille 2012 - Loreena McKennitt en concert le 26 juillet - 006.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q450712|Caroline Lavelle]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13219637|dordveidhleadóir]]''
| 1969
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/caroline_lavelle caroline_lavelle]
| [[:d:Q450712|Q450712]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Caroline Paul.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3660607|Caroline Paul]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[lucht dóiteáin]]
| 1963-07-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/caroline_paul caroline_paul]
| [[:d:Q3660607|Q3660607]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Caroline Phillips (Baiona) (Portrait mode).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23797623|Caroline Phillips]]''
| 
| [[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19890746|gníomhaí Idirlín]]''
| 1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/caroline_phillips caroline_phillips]
| [[:d:Q23797623|Q23797623]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Carolyn Bertozzi IMG 9384.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7442|Carolyn Bertozzi]]''
| ceimiceoir Meiriceánach
| [[ceimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[bithcheimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1966-10-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carolyn_bertozzi carolyn_bertozzi]
| [[:d:Q7442|Q7442]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Carolyn Jones by Jaka Vinsek 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21781554|Carolyn Jones]]''
| stiúrthóir scannán Meiriceánach
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1957
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carolyn_jones carolyn_jones]
| [[:d:Q21781554|Q21781554]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Carolyn-porco-2016.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q257420|Carolyn Porco]]''
| 
| [[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16742203|pláinéadeolaí]]''
| 1953-03-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carolyn_porco carolyn_porco]
| [[:d:Q257420|Q257420]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Carolyn Steel - Hungry City.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23783079|Carolyn Steel]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[múinteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9379869|léachtóir]]''
| 1959-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carolyn_steel carolyn_steel]
| [[:d:Q23783079|Q23783079]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q64436737|Carrie Nugent]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15143191|cumarsáidí eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1984
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carrie_nugent carrie_nugent]
| [[:d:Q64436737|Q64436737]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Carrie Poppy at Skepticon 2018 (30766946987).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q61719716|Carrie Poppy]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q13590141|láithreoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carrie_poppy carrie_poppy]
| [[:d:Q61719716|Q61719716]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43870341|Carson J. Bruns]]''
| 
| [[ceimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1985
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carson_bruns carson_bruns]
| [[:d:Q43870341|Q43870341]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23797359|Carter Emmart]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carter_emmart carter_emmart]
| [[:d:Q23797359|Q23797359]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662237|Carvens Lissaint]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/carvens_lissaint carvens_lissaint]
| [[:d:Q23662237|Q23662237]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Cary Fowler Department of State official photograph.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2940713|Cary Fowler]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16060693|caomhantóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1781198|agranamaí]]''
| 1949-12-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cary_fowler cary_fowler]
| [[:d:Q2940713|Q2940713]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Casey gerald 8315591.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q66013571|Casey Gerald]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/casey_gerald casey_gerald]
| [[:d:Q66013571|Q66013571]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783406|Cat Laine]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cat_laine cat_laine]
| [[:d:Q23783406|Q23783406]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662763|Catarina Mota]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/catarina_mota catarina_mota]
| [[:d:Q23662763|Q23662763]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Catherine Bracy.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16727624|Catherine Bracy]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12376667|teicneolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/catherine_bracy catherine_bracy]
| [[:d:Q16727624|Q16727624]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Catherine Coleman.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7468|Catherine Coleman]]''
| 
| [[ceimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19934710|oifigeach aerfhórsa]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[spásaire]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]
| 1960-12-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cady_coleman cady_coleman]
| [[:d:Q7468|Q7468]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q20035599|Catherine Crump]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1978
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/catherine_crump catherine_crump]
| [[:d:Q20035599|Q20035599]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782401|Catherine Mohr]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3437279|roboticist]]''
| 1968-11-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/catherine_mohr catherine_mohr]
| [[:d:Q23782401|Q23782401]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q123700709|Catherine Price]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/catherine_price catherine_price]
| [[:d:Q123700709|Q123700709]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q89911883|Catherine R Mulzer]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cathy_mulzer cathy_mulzer]
| [[:d:Q89911883|Q89911883]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Cathy O'Neil at Google Cambridge.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16499729|Cathy O'Neil]]''
| matamaiticeoir Meiriceánach
| [[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1972
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cathy_o_neil cathy_o_neil]
| [[:d:Q16499729|Q16499729]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Catie Cuan.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q111377979|Catie Cuan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2490358|cóiréagrafaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3437279|roboticist]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/catie_cuan catie_cuan]
| [[:d:Q111377979|Q111377979]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Cecile Richards, former president of Planned Parenthood, after receiving the Presidential Medal of Freedom on November 20, 2024 in the White House (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5056393|Cecile Richards]]''
| feimineach Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1957-07-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cecile_richards cecile_richards]
| [[:d:Q5056393|Q5056393]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q9931|Cecilia R. Aragon]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6075971|aerobatics pilot]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1960
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cecilia_aragon cecilia_aragon]
| [[:d:Q9931|Q9931]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q89896571|Cedric Habiyaremye]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cedric_habiyaremye cedric_habiyaremye]
| [[:d:Q89896571|Q89896571]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q72088039|Cedrik Neike]]''
| 
| 
| 1973-03-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cedrik_neike cedrik_neike]
| [[:d:Q72088039|Q72088039]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Celeste Headlee, co-host of The Takeaway, April, 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5057852|Celeste Headlee]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]
| 1969-12-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/celeste_headlee celeste_headlee]
| [[:d:Q5057852|Q5057852]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q52274785|Celina de Sola]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7019111|oibrí sóisialta]]''
| 1976-11-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/celina_de_sola celina_de_sola]
| [[:d:Q52274785|Q52274785]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23663116|Cesar Harada]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cesar_harada cesar_harada]
| [[:d:Q23663116|Q23663116]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Cesar Kuriyama Picture.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q22088262|Cesar Kuriyama]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cesar_kuriyama cesar_kuriyama]
| [[:d:Q22088262|Q22088262]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Re-publica Portland 2019 - d1 (48934812908).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q81911422|Chad Frischmann]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18121578|directeur de recherche]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chad_frischmann chad_frischmann]
| [[:d:Q81911422|Q81911422]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:TanChadeMeng-20170715-BuddhistFellowship-Singapore.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5066429|Chade-Meng Tan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chade_meng_tan chade_meng_tan]
| [[:d:Q5066429|Q5066429]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Chanda Prescod-Weinstein, Becoming Interplanetary.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q48472405|Chanda Prescod-Weinstein]]''
| 
| [[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2998308|cosmeolaí]]''
| 1982-08-23
| ''[[:d:Q505371|agender]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chanda_prescod_weinstein chanda_prescod_weinstein]
| [[:d:Q48472405|Q48472405]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5074528|Charity Sunshine Tillemann-Dick]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2865819|amhránaí ceoldrámaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''
| 1983-07-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/charity_tilleman_dick charity_tilleman_dick]
| [[:d:Q5074528|Q5074528]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q59166742|Charity Wayua]]''
| 
| [[ceimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1985
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/charity_wayua charity_wayua]
| [[:d:Q59166742|Q59166742]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783383|Charles Anderson]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/charles_anderson charles_anderson]
| [[:d:Q23783383|Q23783383]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Charles C. Mann at the Miller Center.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1749059|Charles C. Mann]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17433421|science journalist]]''
| 1955-06-12&lt;br/&gt;1955
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/charles_c_mann charles_c_mann]
| [[:d:Q1749059|Q1749059]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:CharlesElachi.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1950678|Charles Elachi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[réalteolaí]]
| 1947-04-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/charles_elachi charles_elachi]
| [[:d:Q1950678|Q1950678]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Charles Fleischer.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Charles Fleischer]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18545066|fuirseoir ar a boinn]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5716684|damhsóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''
| 1950-08-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/charles_fleischer charles_fleischer]
| [[:d:Q658690|Q658690]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Charles Hazlewood conducts the Paraorchestra at Southbank Centre (sq cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5078872|Charles Hazlewood]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q158852|stiúrthóir ceolfhoirne]]''
| 1966-11-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/charles_hazlewood charles_hazlewood]
| [[:d:Q5078872|Q5078872]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Charles J. Moore.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5079370|Charles J. Moore]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3546255|aigéaneolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/charles_moore charles_moore]
| [[:d:Q5079370|Q5079370]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Charles Limb3.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23783472|Charles Limb]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/charles_limb charles_limb]
| [[:d:Q23783472|Q23783472]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Charles blow 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5080439|Charles M. Blow]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1086863|colúnaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q627325|dearthóir grafaicí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1970-08-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/charles_m_blow charles_m_blow]
| [[:d:Q5080439|Q5080439]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Charles Leadbeater author of WeThink 2008-09-17.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q354448|Charles R. Leadbeater]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8125919|comhairleoir polaitíochta]]''
| 1959-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/charles_leadbeater charles_leadbeater]
| [[:d:Q354448|Q354448]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23714138|Charles Robertson]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/charles_robertson charles_robertson]
| [[:d:Q23714138|Q23714138]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Portrait photoshoot at Worldcon 75, Helsinki, before the Hugo Awards – Charlie Jane Anders.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5084448|Charlie Jane Anders]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18844224|scríbhneoir ficsean eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q876864|eagarthóir rannchuidithe]]''
| 1969-07-24
| [[Bean trasghnéasach|bean trasinscneach]]
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/charlie_jane_anders charlie_jane_anders]
| [[:d:Q5084448|Q5084448]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Charlie Todd (Improw Everywhere) (8704860056) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23657205|Charlie Todd]]''
| 
| [[fuirseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/charlie_todd charlie_todd]
| [[:d:Q23657205|Q23657205]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q110110748|Charlotte Degot]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q77293133|data analyst]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/charlotte_degot charlotte_degot]
| [[:d:Q110110748|Q110110748]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18057048|Charmian Gooch]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11499147|gníomhaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1965-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/charmian_gooch charmian_gooch]
| [[:d:Q18057048|Q18057048]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657121|Chee Pearlman]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chee_pearlman chee_pearlman]
| [[:d:Q23657121|Q23657121]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:ChelseaShields2.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21285550|Chelsea Shields]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''
| 1981-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chelsea_shields chelsea_shields]
| [[:d:Q21285550|Q21285550]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Chenqiufan02.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q8941041|Chen Qiufan]]''
| údar ficsin eolaíochta Síneach
| ''[[:d:Q18844224|scríbhneoir ficsean eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q876864|eagarthóir rannchuidithe]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''
| 1981-11-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Daon-Phoblacht na Síne]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chen_qiufan chen_qiufan]
| [[:d:Q8941041|Q8941041]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5092736|Cheryl Hayashi]]''
| bitheolaí Meiriceánach
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17344952|araicneolaí]]''
| 1967
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cheryl_hayashi cheryl_hayashi]
| [[:d:Q5092736|Q5092736]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q90129333|Cheryl L. Holder]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15924224|internist]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cheryl_holder cheryl_holder]
| [[:d:Q90129333|Q90129333]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q113074520|Chetan Bhatt]]''
| 
| [[ollamh]]
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chetan_bhatt chetan_bhatt]
| [[:d:Q113074520|Q113074520]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:India's Role in the World (39195651954).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5094180|Chetna Gala Sinha]]''
| gníomhaí Indiach
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[feirmeoir]]
| 1959-03-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chetana_gala_sinha chetana_gala_sinha]
| [[:d:Q5094180|Q5094180]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q117221968|Chieh Huang]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chieh_huang chieh_huang]
| [[:d:Q117221968|Q117221968]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Field experiment in Nihonbashi, Tokyo (Feb 2017) 1-19 screenshot.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q11557098|Chieko Asakawa]]''
| ríomheolaí Seapánach
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5482740|ríomhchláraitheoir]]''
| 1958
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an tSeapáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chieko_asakawa chieko_asakawa]
| [[:d:Q11557098|Q11557098]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q99432535|Chika Ezeanya Esiobu]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chika_ezeanya_esiobu chika_ezeanya_esiobu]
| [[:d:Q99432535|Q99432535]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15647582|Chiki Sarkar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2516866|foilsitheoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chiki_sarkar chiki_sarkar]
| [[:d:Q15647582|Q15647582]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 9374.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q230141|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]]''
| scríbhneoir Nigéarach
| ''[[:d:Q156839|cócaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[file]]&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15949613|gearrscéalaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1977-09-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Nigéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chimamanda_ngozi_adichie chimamanda_ngozi_adichie]
| [[:d:Q230141|Q230141]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Chinaka Hodge 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21593044|Chinaka Hodge]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chinaka_hodge chinaka_hodge]
| [[:d:Q21593044|Q21593044]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q64597330|Chip Colwell-Chanthaphonh]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q589298|príomheagarthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q780596|coimeádaí taispeántais]]''
| 1975-09-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chip_colwell chip_colwell]
| [[:d:Q64597330|Q64597330]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:ChipConley Google.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15452491|Chip Conley]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1631120|bainisteoir óstáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15982858|cainteoir inspreagtha]]''
| 1960-10-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chip_conley chip_conley]
| [[:d:Q15452491|Q15452491]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:6.28.12ChipKiddByLuigiNovi1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3675120|Chip Kidd]]''
| dearthóir grafaicí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q627325|dearthóir grafaicí]]''
| 1964-09-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chip_kidd chip_kidd]
| [[:d:Q3675120|Q3675120]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Chloe Valdary.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18347428|Chloé Valdary]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1086863|colúnaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chloe_valdary chloe_valdary]
| [[:d:Q18347428|Q18347428]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Chris Abani (32683010407).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1076935|Chris Abani]]''
| údar Nigéarach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[file]]&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q214917|drámadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11499147|gníomhaí polaitiúil]]''
| 1966-12-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Nigéir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chris_abani chris_abani]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/137 137]
| [[:d:Q1076935|Q1076935]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Chris Anderson (16209935970).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q706222|Chris Anderson]]''
| údar agus fiontraí Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''
| 1961-07-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chris_anderson_wired chris_anderson_wired]
| [[:d:Q706222|Q706222]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:TED Curator Chris Anderson.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2536856|Chris Anderson]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''
| 1957
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chris_anderson_ted chris_anderson_ted]
| [[:d:Q2536856|Q2536856]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Chris Bangle in 2009.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q702921|Chris Bangle]]''
| dearthóir carranna Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11295636|dearthóir carranna]]''
| 1956-10-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chris_bangle chris_bangle]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/6 6]
| [[:d:Q702921|Q702921]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5105920|Chris Bliss]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17307272|taibheoir sorcais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10540773|juggler]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chris_bliss chris_bliss]
| [[:d:Q5105920|Q5105920]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16200974|Chris Burkard]]''
| grianghrafadóir Meiriceánach
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1986-03-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chris_burkard chris_burkard]
| [[:d:Q16200974|Q16200974]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759541|Chris Domas]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chris_domas chris_domas]
| [[:d:Q23759541|Q23759541]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23712280|Chris Downey]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chris_downey chris_downey]
| [[:d:Q23712280|Q23712280]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662509|Chris Gerdes]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1906857|innealtóir meicniúil]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chris_gerdes chris_gerdes]
| [[:d:Q23662509|Q23662509]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Chris Hadfield 2011.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Chris Hadfield]]
| spásaire Ceanadach
| [[spásaire]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1053574|léiritheoir feidhmiúcháin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2095549|eitleoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q855091|giotáraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1208175|ceamaradóir]]''
| 1959-08-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chris_hadfield chris_hadfield]
| [[:d:Q1076962|Q1076962]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Chris Hemsworth by Gage Skidmore 3.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Chris Hemsworth]]
| aisteoir Astrálach
| [[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]
| 1983-08-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chris_hemsworth chris_hemsworth]
| [[:d:Q54314|Q54314]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2895170|Chris Jordan]]''
| ealaíontóir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q69320328|environmental artist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1963
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chris_jordan chris_jordan]
| [[:d:Q2895170|Q2895170]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Chris Kluwe postgame 2010-11-28.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1077409|Chris Kluwe]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19204627|imreoir peile Meiriceánaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2722764|pearsa raidió]]''
| 1981-12-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chris_kluwe chris_kluwe]
| [[:d:Q1077409|Q1077409]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23727966|Chris McKnett]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chris_mcknett chris_mcknett]
| [[:d:Q23727966|Q23727966]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Chris Milk - Headshot.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1077562|Chris Milk]]''
| 
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1975
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chris_milk chris_milk]
| [[:d:Q1077562|Q1077562]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q46993874|Chris Sheldrick]]''
| 
| 
| 1981-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chris_sheldrick chris_sheldrick]
| [[:d:Q46993874|Q46993874]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:ChrisUrmson2018.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23760309|Chris Urmson]]''
| 
| [[príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1976
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chris_urmson chris_urmson]
| [[:d:Q23760309|Q23760309]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11963620|Christer Mjåset]]''
| dochtúir agus scríbhneoir Ioruach
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]
| 1973-04-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Iorua]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christer_mjaset christer_mjaset]
| [[:d:Q11963620|Q11963620]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Christian Happi - 2021 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q73133547|Christian Happi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1968-06-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Camarún]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christian_happi christian_happi]
| [[:d:Q73133547|Q73133547]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Christian Picciolini.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5110031|Christian Picciolini]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1344174|gníomhaire tallainne]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1320883|bainisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18814623|dírbheathaisnéisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''
| 1973-11-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christian_picciolini christian_picciolini]
| [[:d:Q5110031|Q5110031]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Christiana Figueres in London - 2018 (39536174340) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q518828|Christiana Figueres]]''
| polaiteoir Cósta Ríceach
| [[taidhleoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1956-08-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Cósta Ríce]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christiana_figueres christiana_figueres]
| [[:d:Q518828|Q518828]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rafael Mariano Grossi &amp; Christiane Amanpour (cop26 0474) (51649883934) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Christiane Amanpour]]
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1155838|comhfhreagraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q94498772|láithreoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''
| 1958-01-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christiane_amanpour christiane_amanpour]
| [[:d:Q236939|Q236939]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Christien Meindertsma (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12270277|Christien Meindertsma]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29999|Ríocht na hÍsiltíre]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christien_meindertsma christien_meindertsma]
| [[:d:Q12270277|Q12270277]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Christina Agapakis - PopTech 2013 - Camden, ME.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q60039865|Christina Agapakis]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christina_agapakis christina_agapakis]
| [[:d:Q60039865|Q60039865]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Christina-Tosi.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17505053|Christina Tosi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3427922|bialannaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3499072|chef]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10689386|television celebrity chef]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''
| 1981-11-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christina_tosi christina_tosi]
| [[:d:Q17505053|Q17505053]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:TNW USA 2015 (23184168653) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q64853888|Christina Wallace]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1983
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christina_wallace christina_wallace]
| [[:d:Q64853888|Q64853888]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Warinner-headshot-3.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23662209|Christina Warinner]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[seandálaí]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christina_warinner christina_warinner]
| [[:d:Q23662209|Q23662209]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q56647253|Christine L. Porath]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christine_porath christine_porath]
| [[:d:Q56647253|Q56647253]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q112186123|Christine Schuler Deschryver]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1162163|stiúrthóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Poblacht Dhaonlathach an Chongó]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Bheilg]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christine_schuler_deschryver christine_schuler_deschryver]
| [[:d:Q112186123|Q112186123]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Christine Sun Kim.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19664324|Christine Sun Kim]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19850998|ealaíontóir fuaime]]''
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christine_sun_kim christine_sun_kim]
| [[:d:Q19664324|Q19664324]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5105677|Christoph C. H. Adami]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[micribhitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1962-08-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christoph_adami christoph_adami]
| [[:d:Q5105677|Q5105677]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q61820616|Christoph Keplinger]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christoph_keplinger christoph_keplinger]
| [[:d:Q61820616|Q61820616]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Christoph Niemann (2).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q110841|Christoph Niemann]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q644687|maisitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2000124|dearthóir stampaí poist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q266569|beochantóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''
| 1970
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christoph_niemann christoph_niemann]
| [[:d:Q110841|Q110841]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Wiki ategeka.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17411054|Christopher Ategeka]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q623279|chief operating officer]]''
| 1984-07-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Uganda]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christopher_ategeka christopher_ategeka]
| [[:d:Q17411054|Q17411054]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23797209|Christopher C. Deam]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christopher_deam christopher_deam]
| [[:d:Q23797209|Q23797209]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16728823|Christopher Emdin]]''
| scoláire Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1086863|colúnaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1978
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chris_emdin chris_emdin]
| [[:d:Q16728823|Q16728823]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5112847|Christopher McDougall]]''
| iriseoir agus scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1962-01-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christopher_mcdougall christopher_mcdougall]
| [[:d:Q5112847|Q5112847]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Chris nowinski.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1140002|Christopher Nowinski]]''
| coraí gairmiúil Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q13474373|coraí gairmiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1978-09-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chris_nowinski chris_nowinski]
| [[:d:Q1140002|Q1140002]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Christopher Poole at XOXO Festival September 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3135308|Christopher Poole]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1989
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christopher_moot_poole christopher_moot_poole]
| [[:d:Q3135308|Q3135308]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5113183|Christopher Ryan]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1962-02-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christopher_ryan christopher_ryan]
| [[:d:Q5113183|Q5113183]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:2013-12-29 30C3 - Christopher Soghoian 3145.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q652791|Christopher Soghoian]]''
| ríomheolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1981
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christopher_soghoian christopher_soghoian]
| [[:d:Q652791|Q652791]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Leweb 2014 - conference - leweb trends - the future of the mind - christopher decharms.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5113488|Christopher deCharms]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 1966
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christopher_decharms christopher_decharms]
| [[:d:Q5113488|Q5113488]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Christy Haynes for UFSCar.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q42810368|Christy Haynes]]''
| 
| [[ceimiceoir]]
| 1977-07-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/christy_l_haynes christy_l_haynes]
| [[:d:Q42810368|Q42810368]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Chrystia Freeland in Ukraine - 2017 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4492815|Chrystia Freeland]]''
| polaiteoir agus scríbhneoir Ceanadach
| ''[[:d:Q6051619|iriseoir tuairime]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''
| 1968-08-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chrystia_freeland chrystia_freeland]
| [[:d:Q4492815|Q4492815]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Chuck Nice at Caroline's.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5115638|Chuck Nice]]''
| fuirseoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q2722764|pearsa raidió]]''
| 1966-07-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chuck_nice chuck_nice]
| [[:d:Q5115638|Q5115638]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q123422283|Chuck Plunkett]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/chuck_plunkett chuck_plunkett]
| [[:d:Q123422283|Q123422283]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Disrupt SF TechCrunch Disrupt San Francisco 2019 - Day 2 Cindy Gallop Cropped.jpeg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5120529|Cindy Gallop]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q21507004|oideoir gnéasachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q816432|bainisteoir tionscadail]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1900657|marketer]]''
| 1960-02-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cindy_gallop cindy_gallop]
| [[:d:Q5120529|Q5120529]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q105622544|Claire Wardle]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/claire_wardle claire_wardle]
| [[:d:Q105622544|Q105622544]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Clara Sousa Silva 2021.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q58156032|Clara Sousa-Silva]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/clara_sousa_silva clara_sousa_silva]
| [[:d:Q58156032|Q58156032]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Claron Mc Faddon 01 (cropped).JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q454090|Claron McFadden]]''
| amhránaí ceoldrámaíochta Meiriceánach
| [[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2865819|amhránaí ceoldrámaíochta]]''
| 1961
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/claron_mcfadden claron_mcfadden]
| [[:d:Q454090|Q454090]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q104820110|Claudia Miner]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/claudia_miner claudia_miner]
| [[:d:Q104820110|Q104820110]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Clay Shirky (6723907001).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q930425|Clay Shirky]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q139648|soiscéalaí teicneolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1964
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/clay_shirky clay_shirky]
| [[:d:Q930425|Q930425]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23728708|Clayton Cameron]]''
| 
| [[ceoltóir]]
| 1959
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/clayton_cameron clayton_cameron]
| [[:d:Q23728708|Q23728708]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:-rp17 - Tag 3 (33728174294).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q61483352|Clemantine Wamariya]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''
| 1988
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ruanda]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/clemantine_wamariya clemantine_wamariya]
| [[:d:Q61483352|Q61483352]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q111144946|Clementine Jacoby]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/clementine_jacoby clementine_jacoby]
| [[:d:Q111144946|Q111144946]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:2010-05-08 Cleo Wade (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q26865869|Cleo Wade]]''
| file Meiriceánach
| [[file]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q110990999|Instagrammer]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]
| 1989-09-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cleo_wade cleo_wade]
| [[:d:Q26865869|Q26865869]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:San Diego, California, USA - 53946478090 (Clifford Stoll crop).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q556998|Clifford Stoll]]''
| réalteolaí Meiriceánach
| [[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1950-06-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/clifford_stoll clifford_stoll]
| [[:d:Q556998|Q556998]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Clint Smith - 2019 (48915241016) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23759721|Clint Smith]]''
| 
| [[file]]&lt;br/&gt;[[múinteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q876864|eagarthóir rannchuidithe]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17125263|cruthaitheoir YouTube]]''
| 1988-08-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/clint_smith clint_smith]
| [[:d:Q23759721|Q23759721]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q109919925|Clover Hogan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/clover_hogan clover_hogan]
| [[:d:Q109919925|Q109919925]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Coleman Hughes on Rebel Wisdom.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q62977947|Coleman Hughes]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1086863|colúnaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1642960|tráchtaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''
| 1996
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/coleman_hughes coleman_hughes]
| [[:d:Q62977947|Q62977947]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Colette Pichon Battle.webp|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q99439559|Colette Pichon Battle]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/colette_pichon_battle colette_pichon_battle]
| [[:d:Q99439559|Q99439559]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q89869456|Colin Averill]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/colin_averill colin_averill]
| [[:d:Q89869456|Q89869456]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1108379|Colin Camerer]]''
| eacnamaí Meiriceánach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1959-12-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/colin_camerer colin_camerer]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1566 1566]
| [[:d:Q1108379|Q1108379]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5145149|Colin Grant]]''
| scríbhneoir Iamácach
| ''[[:d:Q3406651|léiritheoir raidió]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1961-04-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/colin_grant colin_grant]
| [[:d:Q5145149|Q5145149]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Colin Powell official Secretary of State photo.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Colin Powell]]
| polaiteoir agus saighdiúir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[taidhleoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q38239859|oifigeach airm]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7330070|aire eachtrach]]''
| 1937-04-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/colin_powell colin_powell]
| [[:d:Q150851|Q150851]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662150|Colin Robertson]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/colin_robertson colin_robertson]
| [[:d:Q23662150|Q23662150]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23670969|Colin Stokes]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/colin_stokes colin_stokes]
| [[:d:Q23670969|Q23670969]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q122927695|Colombe Cahen-Salvador]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11499147|gníomhaí polaitiúil]]''
| 1994-03-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/colombe_cahen_salvador colombe_cahen_salvador]
| [[:d:Q122927695|Q122927695]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q29571616|Conor Russomanno]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1988-10-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/conor_russomanno conor_russomanno]
| [[:d:Q29571616|Q29571616]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Transmediale-2010-Conrad Wolfram.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5162640|Conrad Wolfram]]''
| 
| [[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1970-06-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/conrad_wolfram conrad_wolfram]
| [[:d:Q5162640|Q5162640]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2997459|Corneille Ewango]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|luibheolaí]]''
| 1960s
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Poblacht Dhaonlathach an Chongó]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/corneille_ewango corneille_ewango]
| [[:d:Q2997459|Q2997459]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q54507319|Cornelia Geppert]]''
| cartúnaí Gearmánach
| ''[[:d:Q715301|ealaíontóir greannáin]]''
| 1981
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cornelia_geppert cornelia_geppert]
| [[:d:Q54507319|Q54507319]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23760253|Cosmin Mihaiu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cosmin_mihaiu cosmin_mihaiu]
| [[:d:Q23760253|Q23760253]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Courtney Martin at PopTech 2014 02.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21062672|Courtney E. Martin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''
| 1979-12-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/courtney_e_martin courtney_e_martin]
| [[:d:Q21062672|Q21062672]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q103352006|Craig Costello]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/craig_costello craig_costello]
| [[:d:Q103352006|Q103352006]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Craigventer2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q311003|Craig Venter]]''
| bithcheimiceoir Meiriceánach
| [[bithcheimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3126128|géineolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1946-10-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/craig_venter craig_venter]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/7 7]
| [[:d:Q311003|Q311003]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q112058793|Crispin Thurlow]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''
| 1966
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/crispin_thurlow crispin_thurlow]
| [[:d:Q112058793|Q112058793]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769089|Cristina Domenech]]''
| 
| 
| 1954
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cristina_domenech cristina_domenech]
| [[:d:Q23769089|Q23769089]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q110750746|Cristina Junqueira]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q806798|baincéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''
| 1984
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Bhrasaíl]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cristina_junqueira cristina_junqueira]
| [[:d:Q110750746|Q110750746]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q76438248|Curtis Carroll]]''
| 
| 
| 1978
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/curtis_wall_street_carroll curtis_wall_street_carroll]
| [[:d:Q76438248|Q76438248]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23728751|Curtis Wong]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/curtis_wong curtis_wong]
| [[:d:Q23728751|Q23728751]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q111577024|Cyndi Stivers]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cyndi_stivers cyndi_stivers]
| [[:d:Q111577024|Q111577024]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:2010 Cynthia Breazeal 4641804653.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21585|Cynthia Breazeal]]''
| ríomheolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1967-11-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cynthia_breazeal cynthia_breazeal]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/817 817]
| [[:d:Q21585|Q21585]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Cynthia Erivo (82023) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21592474|Cynthia Erivo]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|aisteoir stáitse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]
| 1987-01-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cynthia_erivo cynthia_erivo]
| [[:d:Q21592474|Q21592474]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Cyntia Kenyon 01.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q437333|Cynthia Kenyon]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839206|bitheolaí móilíneach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3126128|géineolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14906342|bithfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bithcheimiceoir]]
| 1954-02-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cynthia_kenyon cynthia_kenyon]
| [[:d:Q437333|Q437333]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5200139|Cynthia P. Schneider]]''
| taidhleoir Meiriceánach
| [[taidhleoir]]
| 1953-08-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cynthia_schneider cynthia_schneider]
| [[:d:Q5200139|Q5200139]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Cedric Villani at his office 2015 n3.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q334065|Cédric Villani]]''
| matamaiticeoir agus polaiteoir Francach
| [[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q97768158|professors, scientific professions]]''
| 1973-10-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cedric_villani cedric_villani]
| [[:d:Q334065|Q334065]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Cesar Hidalgo.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q22004920|César A. Hidalgo]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1979-12-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSile]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Spáinn]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cesar_hidalgo cesar_hidalgo]
| [[:d:Q22004920|Q22004920]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q108821940|César Cuauhtémoc García Hernández]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/cesar_cuauhtemoc_garcia_hernandez cesar_cuauhtemoc_garcia_hernandez]
| [[:d:Q108821940|Q108821940]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q114338974|DK Osseo-Asare]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dk_osseo_asare dk_osseo_asare]
| [[:d:Q114338974|Q114338974]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:1.PortraitDaanRoosegaardebyWillemdeKam.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5207373|Daan Roosegaarde]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3492227|nuálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q106208189|ealaíontóir ríomhaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18074503|ealaíontóir suiteáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q108818918|light artist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7016454|ealaíontóir na meán nua]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q183888|forbróir bogearraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''
| 1979-07-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29999|Ríocht na hÍsiltíre]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daan_roosegaarde daan_roosegaarde]
| [[:d:Q5207373|Q5207373]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dale-Dougherty-2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4819967|Dale Dougherty]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1955
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dale_dougherty dale_dougherty]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/940 940]
| [[:d:Q4819967|Q4819967]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dalia Mogahed.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3012376|Dalia Mogahed]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Éigipt]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dalia_mogahed dalia_mogahed]
| [[:d:Q3012376|Q3012376]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131541970|Dallas Taylor]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dallas_taylor dallas_taylor]
| [[:d:Q131541970|Q131541970]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dambisa Moyo.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q466993|Dambisa Moyo]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1969-02-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an tSaimbia]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dambisa_moyo dambisa_moyo]
| [[:d:Q466993|Q466993]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662494|Damian Palin]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/damian_palin damian_palin]
| [[:d:Q23662494|Q23662494]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Whose Streets? A Social Cinema Screening (35731793401).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q28086150|Damon Davis]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1414443|déantóir scannán]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]
| 1985-03-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/damon_davis damon_davis]
| [[:d:Q28086150|Q28086150]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Damon Gameau.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5212833|Damon Gameau]]''
| aisteoir Astrálach
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q69423232|scríbhneoir scripte scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]
| 1982
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/damon_gameau_TEDxSydney20220804-51709 damon_gameau_TEDxSydney20220804-51709]
| [[:d:Q5212833|Q5212833]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:DamonH.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23656822|Damon Horowitz]]''
| 
| 
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/damon_horowitz damon_horowitz]
| [[:d:Q23656822|Q23656822]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dan Ariely January 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q731905|Dan Ariely]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1231865|oideolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1967-04-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Iosrael]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_ariely dan_ariely]
| [[:d:Q731905|Q731905]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759547|Dan Barasch]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniel_barasch daniel_barasch]
| [[:d:Q23759547|Q23759547]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dan Barber of Blue Hill.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5213116|Dan Barber]]''
| cócaire Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q3499072|chef]]''
| 1969
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_barber dan_barber]
| [[:d:Q5213116|Q5213116]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q60770645|Dan Bell]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1235146|déantóir scannán faisnéise]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13590141|láithreoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17125263|cruthaitheoir YouTube]]''
| 1977-02-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_bell dan_bell]
| [[:d:Q60770645|Q60770645]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23727949|Dan Berkenstock]]''
| 
| 
| 1980-06-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_berkenstock dan_berkenstock]
| [[:d:Q23727949|Q23727949]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dan Bricklin.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q92624|Dan Bricklin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5482740|ríomhchláraitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1951-07-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_bricklin dan_bricklin]
| [[:d:Q92624|Q92624]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:DanBuettnerOct10.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5213207|Dan Buettner]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11900058|taiscéalaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1231865|oideolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''
| 1960
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_buettner dan_buettner]
| [[:d:Q5213207|Q5213207]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23796178|Dan Cobley]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_cobley dan_cobley]
| [[:d:Q23796178|Q23796178]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759538|Dan Ellsey]]''
| 
| [[ceoltóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_ellsey dan_ellsey]
| [[:d:Q23759538|Q23759538]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16224737|Dan Gross]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_gross dan_gross]
| [[:d:Q16224737|Q16224737]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jørgensen EC Portrait 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1159092|Dan Jørgensen]]''
| polaiteoir Danmhargach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aire rialtais]]
| 1975-06-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q756617|Ríocht na Danmhairge]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_jorgensen dan_jorgensen]
| [[:d:Q1159092|Q1159092]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q90630014|Dan Knights]]''
| 
| [[micribhitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43548373|speedcuber]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_knights dan_knights]
| [[:d:Q90630014|Q90630014]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23785279|Dan Meyer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_meyer dan_meyer]
| [[:d:Q23785279|Q23785279]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759543|Dan Pacholke]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_pacholke dan_pacholke]
| [[:d:Q23759543|Q23759543]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Curing the Charitable Curse.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5214160|Dan Pallotta]]''
| fiontraí
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1961-01-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_pallotta dan_pallotta]
| [[:d:Q5214160|Q5214160]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5214203|Dan Phillips]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1940s
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_phillips dan_phillips]
| [[:d:Q5214203|Q5214203]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dan Schulman.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5214356|Dan Schulman]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''
| 1958-01-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_schulman dan_schulman]
| [[:d:Q5214356|Q5214356]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q102388022|Dana Kanze]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dana_kanze dana_kanze]
| [[:d:Q102388022|Q102388022]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Wikimedia-Summit-2024-Saturday-112.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q125590347|Daniel Bögre Udell]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q41546637|Viciméideoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniel_boegre_udell daniel_boegre_udell]
| [[:d:Q125590347|Q125590347]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Daniel Dennett 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q215263|Daniel Dennett]]''
| fealsamh Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1942-03-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_dennett dan_dennett]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/92 92]
| [[:d:Q215263|Q215263]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q109822743|Daniel Engber]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3745071|scríbhneoir eolaíochta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniel_engber daniel_engber]
| [[:d:Q109822743|Q109822743]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43094303|Daniel G. Streicker]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniel_streicker daniel_streicker]
| [[:d:Q43094303|Q43094303]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Daniel Todd Gilbert.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q449564|Daniel Gilbert]]''
| síceolaí agus scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1957-11-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_gilbert dan_gilbert]
| [[:d:Q449564|Q449564]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3701617|Daniel Goldstein]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''
| 1969-04-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_goldstein dan_goldstein]
| [[:d:Q3701617|Q3701617]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Daniel Goleman - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2011.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q351701|Daniel Goleman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1946-03-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniel_goleman daniel_goleman]
| [[:d:Q351701|Q351701]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23712794|Daniel H. Cohen]]''
| 
| 
| 1953-11-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dan_cohen dan_cohen]
| [[:d:Q23712794|Q23712794]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Daniel H. Pink (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q978171|Daniel H. Pink]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1964-07-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniel_pink daniel_pink]
| [[:d:Q978171|Q978171]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q100593535|Daniel J. Watts]]''
| 
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''
| 1982-07-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniel_j_watts daniel_j_watts]
| [[:d:Q100593535|Q100593535]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Daniel Kahneman (3283955327) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q233950|Daniel Kahneman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11774202|scríbhneoir aistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''
| 1934-03-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Iosrael]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniel_kahneman daniel_kahneman]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/607 607]
| [[:d:Q233950|Q233950]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Daniel Kish - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA 3.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5217808|Daniel Kish]]''
| 
| 
| 1966
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniel_kish daniel_kish]
| [[:d:Q5217808|Q5217808]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kraft-PicColor.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5217831|Daniel Kraft]]''
| 
| [[bithcheimiceoir]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniel_kraft daniel_kraft]
| [[:d:Q5217831|Q5217831]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Levitin.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1981608|Daniel Levitin]]''
| síceolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20669622|iriseoir ceoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Léiritheoir ceoil|léiritheoir ceirníní]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[néareolaí]]
| 1957-12-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniel_levitin daniel_levitin]
| [[:d:Q1981608|Q1981608]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Daniel Libeskind.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q154538|Daniel Libeskind]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 1946-05-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Pholainn]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniel_libeskind daniel_libeskind]
| [[:d:Q154538|Q154538]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q27881272|Daniel Lismore]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3501317|dearthóir faisin]]''
| 1984-12-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniel_lismore daniel_lismore]
| [[:d:Q27881272|Q27881272]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:DanielWolpert.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15990373|Daniel M. Wolpert]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2055046|fiseolaí]]''
| 1963-09-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniel_wolpert daniel_wolpert]
| [[:d:Q15990373|Q15990373]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Daniel Pauly Pauly Symposium.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q581515|Daniel Pauly]]''
| bitheolaí Ceanadach
| [[bitheolaí]]
| 1946-05-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniel_pauly daniel_pauly]
| [[:d:Q581515|Q581515]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23670526|Daniel Reisel]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniel_reisel daniel_reisel]
| [[:d:Q23670526|Q23670526]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662187|Daniel Schnitzer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniel_schnitzer daniel_schnitzer]
| [[:d:Q23662187|Q23662187]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:DanielSuarezJI.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1162833|Daniel Suarez]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18844224|scríbhneoir ficsean eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]
| 1964-12-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniel_suarez daniel_suarez]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1571 1571]
| [[:d:Q1162833|Q1162833]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q116244710|Daniel Susskind]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q27177003|research professor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniel_susskind daniel_susskind]
| [[:d:Q116244710|Q116244710]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Daniel Tammet Paris portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12857|Daniel Tammet]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q860918|Easparantóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[file]]
| 1979-01-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniel_tammet daniel_tammet]
| [[:d:Q12857|Q12857]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q14223|Daniela L. Rus]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3437279|roboticist]]''
| 1963
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniela_rus daniela_rus]
| [[:d:Q14223|Q14223]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23768726|Daniele Quercia]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daniele_quercia daniele_quercia]
| [[:d:Q23768726|Q23768726]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Danielle Allen 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5219331|Danielle Allen]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2468727|scoláire na léann clasaiceach]]''
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/danielle_allen danielle_allen]
| [[:d:Q5219331|Q5219331]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q28366283|Danielle Feinberg]]''
| ríomheolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q222344|cineamatagrafadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/danielle_feinberg danielle_feinberg]
| [[:d:Q28366283|Q28366283]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Danielle Citron 110748.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19867132|Danielle K. Citron]]''
| 
| [[saineolaí dlí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1968-12-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/danielle_citron danielle_citron]
| [[:d:Q19867132|Q19867132]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q24049147|Danielle N. Lee]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q350979|míoleolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839134|éiceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16831394|mammalogist]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/danielle_lee danielle_lee]
| [[:d:Q24049147|Q24049147]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Danielle Wood (48278825827) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q63304349|Danielle Wood]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/danielle_wood danielle_wood]
| [[:d:Q63304349|Q63304349]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Danielle de Niese.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q271031|Danielle de Niese]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2865819|amhránaí ceoldrámaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]
| 1979-04-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/danielle_de_niese danielle_de_niese]
| [[:d:Q271031|Q271031]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q24040721|Danit Peleg]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3501317|dearthóir faisin]]''
| 1989
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Iosrael]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/danit_peleg danit_peleg]
| [[:d:Q24040721|Q24040721]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q112551695|Dannagal G. Young]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''
| 1976
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dannagal_young dannagal_young]
| [[:d:Q112551695|Q112551695]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Danny Dorling at Bookmarks bookshop, Bloomsbury in 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5220292|Danny Dorling]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q901402|tíreolaí]]''
| 1968-01-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/danny_dorling danny_dorling]
| [[:d:Q5220292|Q5220292]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Daphné Bavelier.tif|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19956013|Daphne Bavelier]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16328995|député de l'Université]]''
| 1966
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daphne_bavelier daphne_bavelier]
| [[:d:Q19956013|Q19956013]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:The Future of Higher Education Daphne Koller (8411917358).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q11755|Daphne Koller]]''
| ríomheolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1968-08-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Iosrael]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daphne_koller daphne_koller]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1309 1309]
| [[:d:Q11755|Q11755]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1165874|Daria van den Bercken]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''
| 1979-08-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29999|Ríocht na hÍsiltíre]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daria_van_den_bercken daria_van_den_bercken]
| [[:d:Q1165874|Q1165874]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Darren Walker by Brokaw Photography.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Darren Walker]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1960
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/darren_walker darren_walker]
| [[:d:Q16193921|Q16193921]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Making Education Work (29872410888) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q43396457|Darrick Hamilton]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/darrick_hamilton darrick_hamilton]
| [[:d:Q43396457|Q43396457]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:P20240222AS-0099 (53556136889).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q107182509|Dasha Navalnaya]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q315247|mac léinn ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 2001-09-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Rúis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dasha_navalnaya dasha_navalnaya]
| [[:d:Q107182509|Q107182509]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dave Eggers (11483).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q589497|Dave Eggers]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18844224|scríbhneoir ficsean eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2823717|scairshealbhóir gníomhaíoch]]''
| 1970-03-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dave_eggers dave_eggers]
| [[:d:Q589497|Q589497]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dave Meslin, at ELN Studio 2010 IMG 9800 (5266909950).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23783490|Dave Meslin]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2490358|cóiréagrafaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dave_meslin dave_meslin]
| [[:d:Q23783490|Q23783490]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23768720|Dave Troy]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dave_troy dave_troy]
| [[:d:Q23768720|Q23768720]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dave deBronkart-20091229.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5230186|Dave deBronkart]]''
| 
| 
| 1950-02-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dave_debronkart dave_debronkart]
| [[:d:Q5230186|Q5230186]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40097388|David A. Asch]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q25141651|physician-scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21281706|riarthóir acadúla]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_asch david_asch]
| [[:d:Q40097388|Q40097388]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David B. Agus World Economic Forum 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5230638|David Agus]]''
| dochtúir
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16062369|oinceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1965-01-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_agus david_agus]
| [[:d:Q5230638|Q5230638]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Autor - Festival Economia 2015.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19609648|David Autor]]''
| eacnamaí Meiriceánach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q876864|eagarthóir rannchuidithe]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1967
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_autor david_autor]
| [[:d:Q19609648|Q19609648]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q99248354|David B Lindell]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_lindell david_lindell]
| [[:d:Q99248354|Q99248354]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Baker, 2024 Nobel Prize Laureate in Chemistry 4 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3814528|David Baker]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2904006|bithfhaisnéisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bithcheimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15709480|ríomh-bhitheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q106341153|biochemistry teacher]]''
| 1962-10-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_baker david_baker]
| [[:d:Q3814528|Q3814528]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q118106032|David Biello]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_biello david_biello]
| [[:d:Q118106032|Q118106032]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5231412|David Binder]]''
| 
| 
| 1967-10-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_binder david_binder]
| [[:d:Q5231412|Q5231412]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Birch (6777171896).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23663105|David Birch]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_birch david_birch]
| [[:d:Q23663105|Q23663105]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795339|David Bismark]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q816432|bainisteoir tionscadail]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSualainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_bismark david_bismark]
| [[:d:Q23795339|Q23795339]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Blaine by David Shankbone.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q353983|David Blaine]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2914170|ealaíontóir sráide]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18814623|dírbheathaisnéisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15855449|draíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1658894|doilfeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q465501|éachtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q107986049|escape artist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q111844534|regurgitation performer]]''
| 1973-04-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_blaine david_blaine]
| [[:d:Q353983|Q353983]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Bolinsky 2010.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16151626|David Bolinsky]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q644687|maisitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19507792|maisitheoir eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q266569|beochantóir]]''
| 1952-05-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_bolinsky david_bolinsky]
| [[:d:Q16151626|Q16151626]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q125391273|David Brain]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dave_brain dave_brain]
| [[:d:Q125391273|Q125391273]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Brooks 2022 (51984628869).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q938475|David Brooks]]''
| iriseoir agus eagarthóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1642960|tráchtaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1961-08-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_brooks david_brooks]
| [[:d:Q938475|Q938475]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Byrne San Diego.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q336640|David Byrne]]''
| 
| [[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q855091|giotáraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20669622|iriseoir ceoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Léiritheoir ceoil|léiritheoir ceirníní]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1415090|cumadóir scóir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11569986|déantóir priontaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3455803|stiúrthóir]]''
| 1952-05-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_byrne david_byrne]
| [[:d:Q336640|Q336640]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Cage 20080927 Festival du jeu video 05.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q218686|David Cage]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2702296|video game producer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3455803|stiúrthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18882335|video game designer]]''
| 1969-06-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_cage david_cage]
| [[:d:Q218686|Q218686]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q106717200|David Camarillo]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q26848923|bioengineer]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_camarillo david_camarillo]
| [[:d:Q106717200|Q106717200]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Cameron Official Portrait 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[David Cameron]]
| polaiteoir Sasanach (rugadh 1966)
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1966-10-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_cameron david_cameron]
| [[:d:Q192|Q192]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:TYPO Berlin 2014 – Day Two (14178868916).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q562699|David Carson]]''
| dearthóir grafaicí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q627325|dearthóir grafaicí]]''
| 1955-09-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_carson david_carson]
| [[:d:Q562699|Q562699]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David chalmers.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q366123|David Chalmers]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1966-04-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_chalmers david_chalmers]
| [[:d:Q366123|Q366123]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1909499|David Christian]]''
| staraí Meiriceánach
| [[staraí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1946-06-30&lt;br/&gt;1946-12-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_christian david_christian]
| [[:d:Q1909499|Q1909499]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657118|David Damberger]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_damberger david_damberger]
| [[:d:Q23657118|Q23657118]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Deutsch.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[David Deutsch]]
| fisiceoir Briotanach
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19350898|fisiceoir teoiriciúil]]''
| 1953-05-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_deutsch david_deutsch]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/48 48]
| [[:d:Q543682|Q543682]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Eagleman (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q999577|David Eagleman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1971-04-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_eagleman david_eagleman]
| [[:d:Q999577|Q999577]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5233407|David Epstein]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_epstein david_epstein]
| [[:d:Q5233407|Q5233407]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Albert Friedberg.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q112898833|David Friedberg]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q778274|infheisteoir aingeal]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_friedberg david_friedberg]
| [[:d:Q112898833|Q112898833]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759665|David Gallo]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_gallo david_gallo]
| [[:d:Q23759665|Q23759665]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23768708|David Grady]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_grady david_grady]
| [[:d:Q23768708|Q23768708]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769550|David Griffin]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_griffin david_griffin]
| [[:d:Q23769550|Q23769550]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Davidgruber.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q24054769|David Gruber]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3640160|bitheolaí muirí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_gruber david_gruber]
| [[:d:Q24054769|Q24054769]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sophia with her creator David Hanson at Digital World 2017 conference, Dhaka, Bangladesh in December 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5234712|David Hanson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3437279|roboticist]]''
| 1969-12-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_hanson david_hanson]
| [[:d:Q5234712|Q5234712]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5235077|David Hoffman]]''
| stiúrthóir scannán Meiriceánach
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q47541952|leiritheóir]]''
| 1941
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_hoffman david_hoffman]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/218 218]
| [[:d:Q5235077|Q5235077]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Holt.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5235117|David Holt]]''
| ceoltóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q17378128|file ó bhéal]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q101084010|ceoltóir tíre]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[bithcheimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[poitigéir]]
| 1946-10-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_holt david_holt]
| [[:d:Q5235117|Q5235117]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82775159|David Ikard]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17167049|scoláire liteartha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1972
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_ikard david_ikard]
| [[:d:Q82775159|Q82775159]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15437070|David Isay]]''
| léiritheoir raidió Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q3406651|léiritheoir raidió]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2722764|pearsa raidió]]''
| 1966-12-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dave_isay dave_isay]
| [[:d:Q15437070|Q15437070]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David J. Anderson speaking at Keystone in Korea.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5235389|David J. Anderson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20739288|neurobiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1956
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_anderson david_anderson]
| [[:d:Q5235389|Q5235389]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q124739165|David J. Bier]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q485178|anailísí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_bier david_bier]
| [[:d:Q124739165|Q124739165]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5235397|David J. Brenner]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q14906342|bithfhisiceoir]]''
| 1953-06-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_brenner david_brenner]
| [[:d:Q5235397|Q5235397]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David John Cameron MacKay by David Stern.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q446862|David J. C. MacKay]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]
| 1967-04-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_mackay david_mackay]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1360 1360]
| [[:d:Q446862|Q446862]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David J. Peterson by Gage Skidmore.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16221516|David J. Peterson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q14467526|teangeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1206912|language inventor]]''
| 1981-01-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_peterson david_peterson]
| [[:d:Q16221516|Q16221516]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q61657085|David J. Wright]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q41674|webmaster]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16060693|caomhantóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7621877|straitéisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1967
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/2004326 2004326]
| [[:d:Q61657085|Q61657085]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5235901|David Keith]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]
| 1963
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_keith david_keith]
| [[:d:Q5235901|Q5235901]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q24570636|David Korins]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2707485|radharcagrafaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11613590|theatre designer]]''
| 1976-08-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_korins david_korins]
| [[:d:Q24570636|Q24570636]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Kwong at NYSM (cropped).gif|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16204183|David Kwong]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15855449|draíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q25493168|crossword creator]]''
| 1980-08-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_kwong david_kwong]
| [[:d:Q16204183|Q16204183]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5236204|David L. Heymann]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|eipidéimeolaí]]''
| 1946
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_heymann david_heymann]
| [[:d:Q5236204|Q5236204]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Lammy, 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[David Lammy]]
| polaiteoir Briotanach (rugadh 1972)
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[saineolaí dlí]]
| 1972-07-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Ghuáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_lammy david_lammy]
| [[:d:Q534727|Q534727]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23727546|David Lang]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_lang david_lang]
| [[:d:Q23727546|Q23727546]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16731592|David Logan]]''
| údar agus ollamh Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1968-03-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_logan david_logan]
| [[:d:Q16731592|Q16731592]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David M Kelley (9375796736) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1174951|David M. Kelley]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1906857|innealtóir meicniúil]]''
| 1951-02-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_kelley david_kelley]
| [[:d:Q1174951|Q1174951]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Macaulay.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1134356|David Macaulay]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q644687|maisitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]''
| 1946-12-02&lt;br/&gt;1942-12-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_macaulay david_macaulay]
| [[:d:Q1134356|Q1134356]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5237283|David McCandless]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_mccandless david_mccandless]
| [[:d:Q5237283|Q5237283]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David McWilliams.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[David McWilliams]]
| scríbhneoir agus craoltóir Éireannach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1966
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_mcwilliams david_mcwilliams]
| [[:d:Q3567091|Q3567091]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782406|David Merrill]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_merrill david_merrill]
| [[:d:Q23782406|Q23782406]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Miliband 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q272670|David Miliband]]''
| polaiteoir Briotanach (rugadh 1965)
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[taidhleoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1706722|comhalta taighde]]''
| 1965-07-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_miliband david_miliband]
| [[:d:Q272670|Q272670]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Perry.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1643588|David Perry]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1967-04-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_perry david_perry]
| [[:d:Q1643588|Q1643588]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662636|David Pizarro]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_pizarro david_pizarro]
| [[:d:Q23662636|Q23662636]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:DavidPogueOct10.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3018632|David Pogue]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1642960|tráchtaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14915627|ceoleolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1963-03-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_pogue david_pogue]
| [[:d:Q3018632|Q3018632]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:DavidPuttnamBAFTA07b.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q335507|David Puttnam]]''
| 
| [[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q47541952|leiritheóir]]''
| 1941-02-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_puttnam david_puttnam]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1798 1798]
| [[:d:Q335507|Q335507]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23663083|David R. Dow]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_r_dow david_r_dow]
| [[:d:Q23663083|Q23663083]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:DavidRLiu2012.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16214492|David R. Liu]]''
| ceimiceoir Meiriceánach
| [[ceimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1973-06-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_liu david_liu]
| [[:d:Q16214492|Q16214492]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David R. Williams of Harvard University.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q25189761|David R. Williams]]''
| 
| [[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1954-06-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_r_williams david_r_williams]
| [[:d:Q25189761|Q25189761]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3018716|David Rockwell]]''
| ailtire agus dearthóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1956
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_rockwell david_rockwell]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/9 9]
| [[:d:Q3018716|Q3018716]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Rothkopf Bio Photo.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1176391|David Rothkopf]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1955-12-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_rothkopf david_rothkopf]
| [[:d:Q1176391|Q1176391]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David S. Rose.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5239392|David S. Rose]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1957-06-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_s_rose david_s_rose]
| [[:d:Q5239392|Q5239392]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q24054786|David Sedlak]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19377727|environmental engineer]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_sedlak david_sedlak]
| [[:d:Q24054786|Q24054786]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Moinina Sengeh in Boston in 2013 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23728768|David Sengeh]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1986-02-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Siarra Leon]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_sengeh david_sengeh]
| [[:d:Q23728768|Q23728768]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Br.David St.Gerold.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q324330|David Steindl-Rast]]''
| 
| [[manach]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1234713|diagaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''
| 1926-07-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/br_david_steindl_rast br_david_steindl_rast]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1617 1617]
| [[:d:Q324330|Q324330]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David W. Titley.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17385810|David Titley]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3546255|aigéaneolaí]]''
| 1958-10-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_titley david_titley]
| [[:d:Q17385810|Q17385810]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Wallace-Wells.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q61766571|David Wallace-Wells]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1982
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_wallace_wells david_wallace_wells]
| [[:d:Q61766571|Q61766571]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Wengrow no Fronteiras do Pensamento 2023 em São Paulo (53235359260) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q64594136|David Wengrow]]''
| 
| [[seandálaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17488316|réamhstaraí]]''
| 1972-07-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_wengrow david_wengrow]
| [[:d:Q64594136|Q64594136]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:David Whyte 2009.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4352814|David Whyte]]''
| 
| [[file]]
| 1955-11-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_whyte david_whyte]
| [[:d:Q4352814|Q4352814]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dawn Landes at the Chicago Winery 2015-02-03 21.39.45 (16255005127).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2803858|Dawn Landes]]''
| amhránaí agus cumadóir Meiriceánach
| [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q128124|innealtóir fuaime]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q855091|giotáraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Léiritheoir ceoil|léiritheoir ceirníní]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]
| 1980-12-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dawn_landes dawn_landes]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/2448 2448]
| [[:d:Q2803858|Q2803858]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q117252368|Dawn Lippert]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dawn_lippert dawn_lippert]
| [[:d:Q117252368|Q117252368]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Swami Dayananda Saraswati.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5243052|Dayananda Saraswati]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''
| 1930-08-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Réimeas Briotanach|an Réimeas Briotanach]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an India]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1775277|Tiarnas na hIndia]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/swami_dayananda_saraswati swami_dayananda_saraswati]
| [[:d:Q5243052|Q5243052]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sen. DeAndrea Salvador.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q55759657|DeAndrea Salvador]]''
| polaiteoir Meiriceánach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/deandrea_salvador deandrea_salvador]
| [[:d:Q55759657|Q55759657]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dean Kamen visits Team Whiteman 160426-F-TQ704-039 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q720457|Dean Kamen]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''
| 1951-04-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dean_kamen dean_kamen]
| [[:d:Q720457|Q720457]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q52517772|Dean Lomax]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|pailé-ointeolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dean_lomax dean_lomax]
| [[:d:Q52517772|Q52517772]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:DeanOrnishJI1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1181109|Dean Ornish]]''
| dochtúir Meiriceánach
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2576499|saineolaí cothúcháin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1953-07-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dr_dean_ornish dr_dean_ornish]
| [[:d:Q1181109|Q1181109]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q126145794|Deanna Van Buren]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/deanna_van_buren deanna_van_buren]
| [[:d:Q126145794|Q126145794]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Deb Roy (11881280833).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16875165|Deb Roy]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/deb_roy deb_roy]
| [[:d:Q16875165|Q16875165]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Debbie Millman.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5247974|Debbie Millman]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q627325|dearthóir grafaicí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1962
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/debbie_millman debbie_millman]
| [[:d:Q5247974|Q5247974]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Deborah Lipstadt, U.S. Special Envoy.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q254798|Deborah Lipstadt]]''
| staraí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q17489339|historian of Modern Age]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[staraí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1947-03-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/deborah_lipstadt deborah_lipstadt]
| [[:d:Q254798|Q254798]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Deborah Gordon.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2310251|Deborah M. Gordon]]''
| bitheolaí Meiriceánach
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20650437|myrmecologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3055126|feithideolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1955-12-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/deborah_gordon deborah_gordon]
| [[:d:Q2310251|Q2310251]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23797192|Deborah Rhodes]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/deborah_rhodes deborah_rhodes]
| [[:d:Q23797192|Q23797192]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Deborah Scranton 2010 Tribeca Shankbone.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5248376|Deborah Scranton]]''
| 
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1962
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/deborah_scranton deborah_scranton]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/150 150]
| [[:d:Q5248376|Q5248376]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Deborah Willis.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5248410|Deborah Willis]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[staraí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1792450|staraí na healaíne]]''
| 1948-02-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/deborah_willis deborah_willis]
| [[:d:Q5248410|Q5248410]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759731|Debra Jarvis]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/debra_jarvis debra_jarvis]
| [[:d:Q23759731|Q23759731]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q50379261|Deepa Narayan]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/deepa_narayan deepa_narayan]
| [[:d:Q50379261|Q50379261]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q114466073|Deepak Shukla]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''
| 1986-08-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/deepak-shukla deepak-shukla]
| [[:d:Q114466073|Q114466073]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Deepika Kurup White House Science Fair.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17466359|Deepika Kurup]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q48282|scoláire]]''
| 1996-04-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/deepika_kurup deepika_kurup]
| [[:d:Q17466359|Q17466359]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Deeyah Khan 2017 (cropped).png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2741760|Deeyah Khan]]''
| 
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28692502|gníomhaí ar son chearta na mban]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]
| 1977-08-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Iorua]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/deeyah_khan deeyah_khan]
| [[:d:Q2741760|Q2741760]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:The Strangeness of Scale at Twitter (13448795183).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23727975|Del Harvey]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/del_harvey del_harvey]
| [[:d:Q23727975|Q23727975]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dutton HandAxe Steve Jurvetson.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1187362|Denis Dutton]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1944-02-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/denis_dutton denis_dutton]
| [[:d:Q1187362|Q1187362]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q20090899|Denise L. Herzing]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15450044|cetologist]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/denise_herzing denise_herzing]
| [[:d:Q20090899|Q20090899]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:2017 02월 22일 MBN Y Forum 2017 (22).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23795342|Dennis Hong]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1906857|innealtóir meicniúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1971-01-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dennis_hong dennis_hong]
| [[:d:Q23795342|Q23795342]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782382|Dennis vanEngelsdorp]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|feithideolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q852389|beachaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1969-10-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dennis_vanengelsdorp dennis_vanengelsdorp]
| [[:d:Q23782382|Q23782382]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3023696|Dereck and Beverly Joubert]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/beverly_dereck_joubert beverly_dereck_joubert]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/856 856]
| [[:d:Q3023696|Q3023696]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Derek Paravicini 20apr08 2.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3023778|Derek Paravicini]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15981151|ceoltóir snagcheoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''
| 1979-07-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/derek_paravicini derek_paravicini]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1674 1674]
| [[:d:Q3023778|Q3023778]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Derek Sivers, November 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5262357|Derek Sivers]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]
| 1969-09-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/derek_sivers derek_sivers]
| [[:d:Q5262357|Q5262357]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:2018-09-17 Derren Brown at Foyles (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q449048|Derren Brown]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15855449|draíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16746942|hypnotist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1658894|doilfeoir]]''
| 1971-02-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/derren_brown derren_brown]
| [[:d:Q449048|Q449048]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Deval Patrick official photo.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q11100|Deval Patrick]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1956-07-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/deval_patrick deval_patrick]
| [[:d:Q11100|Q11100]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Devdutt Pattanaik 02.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5266636|Devdutt Pattanaik]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q24387326|miotagrafaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1970-12-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/devdutt_pattanaik devdutt_pattanaik]
| [[:d:Q5266636|Q5266636]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q59785700|Dexter Dias]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[saineolaí dlí]]
| 1962
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dexter_dias dexter_dias]
| [[:d:Q59785700|Q59785700]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q63215543|Diana Greene Foster]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12360779|déimeagrafaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/diana_greene_foster diana_greene_foster]
| [[:d:Q63215543|Q63215543]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23796030|Diana Laufenberg]]''
| 
| [[múinteoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/diana_laufenberg diana_laufenberg]
| [[:d:Q23796030|Q23796030]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Diana Nyad by Gage Skidmore.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5271254|Diana Nyad]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15982858|cainteoir inspreagtha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11313148|scríbhneoir spóirt]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10843402|snámhóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16278103|imreoir scuaise]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q107932010|long-distance swimmer]]''
| 1949-08-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/diana_nyad diana_nyad]
| [[:d:Q5271254|Q5271254]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5271279|Diana Reiss]]''
| eolaí Meiriceánach
| [[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''
| 1948
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/diana_reiss diana_reiss]
| [[:d:Q5271279|Q5271279]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23797204|Diane Benscoter]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1900167|síciteiripeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/diane_benscoter diane_benscoter]
| [[:d:Q23797204|Q23797204]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662554|Diane Kelly]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/diane_kelly diane_kelly]
| [[:d:Q23662554|Q23662554]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:NLN Diane Savino.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5271567|Diane Savino]]''
| polaiteoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1963-09-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/diane_j_savino diane_j_savino]
| [[:d:Q5271567|Q5271567]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23796688|Dianna Cohen]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dianna_cohen dianna_cohen]
| [[:d:Q23796688|Q23796688]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Didier Sornette.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1210578|Didier Sornette]]''
| eolaí Francach
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1957-06-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/didier_sornette didier_sornette]
| [[:d:Q1210578|Q1210578]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17155900|Dilip Ratha]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dilip_ratha dilip_ratha]
| [[:d:Q17155900|Q17155900]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5277447|Dimitar Sasselov]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[réalteolaí]]
| 1961-08-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Bhulgáir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dimitar_sasselov dimitar_sasselov]
| [[:d:Q5277447|Q5277447]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dina Katabi.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15995234|Dina Katabi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1970
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dina_katabi dina_katabi]
| [[:d:Q15995234|Q15995234]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q28976249|Dina Zielinski]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dina_zielinski dina_zielinski]
| [[:d:Q28976249|Q28976249]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q80843138|Dixon Chibanda]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q211346|síciatraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dixon_chibanda dixon_chibanda]
| [[:d:Q80843138|Q80843138]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Francis Kere, 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q99416|Diébédo Francis Kéré]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 1965-04-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Buircíne Fasó]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/diebedo_francis_kere diebedo_francis_kere]
| [[:d:Q99416|Q99416]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dolores Huerta (33552046043) (1).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q468843|Dolores Huerta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15627169|ceardchumannaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1930-04-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dolores_huerta dolores_huerta]
| [[:d:Q468843|Q468843]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Don Tapscott BW.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q984369|Don Tapscott]]''
| fear gnó Ceanadach
| ''[[:d:Q2462658|bainisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[múinteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1947-06-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/don_tapscott don_tapscott]
| [[:d:Q984369|Q984369]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:DonaldHoffman.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23769269|Donald Hoffman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q14565186|cognitive scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q112972705|popular science author]]''
| 1955-12-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/donald_hoffman donald_hoffman]
| [[:d:Q23769269|Q23769269]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Donald Norman at AWF05.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q92804|Donald Norman]]''
| scoláire Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15978655|sainchomhairleoir]]''
| 1935-12-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/don_norman don_norman]
| [[:d:Q92804|Q92804]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Donald Sadoway at NTNU (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5295111|Donald Sadoway]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1950-03-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/donald_sadoway donald_sadoway]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1143 1143]
| [[:d:Q5295111|Q5295111]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23712628|Dong Woo Jang]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Chóiré Theas|Cóiré Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dong_woo_jang dong_woo_jang]
| [[:d:Q23712628|Q23712628]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Donnel Baird - PopTech 2013 - Camden, ME.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q115735314|Donnel Baird]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/donnel_baird donnel_baird]
| [[:d:Q115735314|Q115735314]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dorie Clark headshot.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q101130818|Dorie Clark]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1978
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dorie_clark dorie_clark]
| [[:d:Q101130818|Q101130818]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:NBF2024-doris-kearns-goodwin.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q442008|Doris Kearns Goodwin]]''
| beathaisnéisí Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[staraí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1943-01-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/doris_kearns_goodwin doris_kearns_goodwin]
| [[:d:Q442008|Q442008]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662639|Doris Kim Sung]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/doris_kim_sung doris_kim_sung]
| [[:d:Q23662639|Q23662639]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dorothy Roberts.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5298611|Dorothy Roberts]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1956-03-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dorothy_roberts dorothy_roberts]
| [[:d:Q5298611|Q5298611]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q22114682|Doug Roble]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/doug_roble doug_roble]
| [[:d:Q22114682|Q22114682]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Douglas adams portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Douglas Adams]]
| scríbhneoir Sasanach (1952–2001)
| ''[[:d:Q214917|drámadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18844224|scríbhneoir ficsean eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]
| 1952-03-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/douglas_adams douglas_adams]
| [[:d:Q42|Q42]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sxsw-20230311-rushkoff-PORTRAIT.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q717884|Douglas Rushkoff]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1961-02-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/douglas_rushkoff douglas_rushkoff]
| [[:d:Q717884|Q717884]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dr. Srikumar Rao.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5304404|Dr. Srikumar Rao]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15982858|cainteoir inspreagtha]]''
| 1951-04-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/srikumar_rao srikumar_rao]
| [[:d:Q5304404|Q5304404]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dread Scott.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q26899216|Dread Scott]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''
| 1965
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dread_scott dread_scott]
| [[:d:Q26899216|Q26899216]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5307132|Drew Berry]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q266569|beochantóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4915128|biomedical scientist]]''
| 1970
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/drew_berry drew_berry]
| [[:d:Q5307132|Q5307132]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Drew Curtis 2007.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5307157|Drew Curtis]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1973-02-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/drew_curtis drew_curtis]
| [[:d:Q5307157|Q5307157]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23661672|Drew Dudley]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/drew_dudley drew_dudley]
| [[:d:Q23661672|Q23661672]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q56964152|Dustin M Schroeder]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12094958|geoifisiceoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dustin_schroeder dustin_schroeder]
| [[:d:Q56964152|Q56964152]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:DY portrait edit.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5317151|Dustin Yellin]]''
| ealaíontóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q21477194|contemporary artist]]''
| 1975-07-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dustin_yellin_1 dustin_yellin_1]
| [[:d:Q5317151|Q5317151]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23656142|Dyan deNapoli]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dyan_denapoli dyan_denapoli]
| [[:d:Q23656142|Q23656142]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q106939040|Dyhia Belhabib]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16529590|environmental scientist]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dyhia_belhabib dyhia_belhabib]
| [[:d:Q106939040|Q106939040]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Welcome to Night Vale in Atlanta (17860741530) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q50874748|Dylan Marron]]''
| aisteoir
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1988-05-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dylan_marron dylan_marron]
| [[:d:Q50874748|Q50874748]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5403061|ETHEL]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ethel ethel]
| [[:d:Q5403061|Q5403061]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Eames Demetrios Keynote - Industrial Designers Society of America Western Conference Keynote.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23795632|Eames Demetrios]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 1962
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eames_demetrios eames_demetrios]
| [[:d:Q23795632|Q23795632]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795453|Eben Bayer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eben_bayer eben_bayer]
| [[:d:Q23795453|Q23795453]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662606|Ed Gavagan]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ed_gavagan ed_gavagan]
| [[:d:Q23662606|Q23662606]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23797198|Ed Ulbrich]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ed_ulbrich ed_ulbrich]
| [[:d:Q23797198|Q23797198]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ed Yong (cropped).JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3047215|Ed Yong]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15143191|cumarsáidí eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]
| 1981-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ed_yong ed_yong]
| [[:d:Q3047215|Q3047215]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Eddi Reader2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q443837|Eddi Reader]]''
| 
| [[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]
| 1959-08-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Albain]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eddi_reader eddi_reader]
| [[:d:Q443837|Q443837]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Eddie Obeng on ball.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5336369|Eddie Obeng]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q48072011|business theorist]]''
| 1959
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Gána]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eddie_obeng eddie_obeng]
| [[:d:Q5336369|Q5336369]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23727579|Eddy Cartaya]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eddy_cartaya eddy_cartaya]
| [[:d:Q23727579|Q23727579]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Edi Rama (2024-02-29).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q316901|Edi Rama]]''
| polaiteoir Albánach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3665646|cispheileadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''
| 1964-07-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Albáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/edi_rama edi_rama]
| [[:d:Q316901|Q316901]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Edie thumb 33 ft.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5338692|Edith Widder]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3546255|aigéaneolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3640160|bitheolaí muirí]]''
| 1951-06-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/edith_widder edith_widder]
| [[:d:Q5338692|Q5338692]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q115591288|Edsel Salvana]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/edsel_salvana edsel_salvana]
| [[:d:Q115591288|Q115591288]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Foto oficial de Eduardo Paes.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q972007|Eduardo Paes]]''
| polaiteoir Brasaíleach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1969-11-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Bhrasaíl]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mayor_eduardo_paes mayor_eduardo_paes]
| [[:d:Q972007|Q972007]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Cómo piensa un matemático, Eduardo Sáenz de Cabezón 3 (cropped).png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23769256|Eduardo Sáenz de Cabezón]]''
| 
| [[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15143191|cumarsáidí eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''
| 1972-06-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Barcelona]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Spáinn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eduardo_saenz_de_cabezon eduardo_saenz_de_cabezon]
| [[:d:Q23769256|Q23769256]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Edward Boyden World Economic Forum 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5341974|Edward Boyden]]''
| néareolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q15839206|bitheolaí móilíneach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1979-08-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ed_boyden ed_boyden]
| [[:d:Q5341974|Q5341974]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ed Burtynsky (38148537).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q967163|Edward Burtynsky]]''
| grianghrafadóir Ceanadach
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1955-02-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/edward_burtynsky edward_burtynsky]
| [[:d:Q967163|Q967163]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Edward O. Wilson, 2003 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Edward Osborne Wilson|Edward O. Wilson]]
| bitheolaí, nádúraí, agus scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|feithideolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19356916|sochbhitheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16831721|eiteolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18814623|dírbheathaisnéisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18805|nádúraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16063497|bitheolaí éabhlóideach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3745071|scríbhneoir eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q350979|míoleolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839134|éiceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20650437|myrmecologist]]''
| 1929-06-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/e_o_wilson e_o_wilson]
| [[:d:Q211029|Q211029]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Edward Snowden-2.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Edward Snowden]]
| ríomheolaí agus sceithire Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q327353|riarthóir córais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5121444|oifigeach faisnéise]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q856887|garda slándála]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q26102|sceithire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q181043|easaontach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q56027752|intelligence analyst]]''
| 1983-06-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Rúis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/edward_snowden edward_snowden]
| [[:d:Q13424289|Q13424289]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795681|Edward Tenner]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1944
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/edward_tenner edward_tenner]
| [[:d:Q23795681|Q23795681]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Edwidge Danticat by David Shankbone.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q450346|Edwidge Danticat]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15949613|gearrscéalaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1969-01-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Háítí]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/edwidge_danticat edwidge_danticat]
| [[:d:Q450346|Q450346]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q104157816|Efosa Ojomo]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2994387|sainchomhairleoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/efosa_ojomo efosa_ojomo]
| [[:d:Q104157816|Q104157816]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23691666|Einstein]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/einstein_the_parrot einstein_the_parrot]
| [[:d:Q23691666|Q23691666]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Elaine Morgan in 1998.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q449734|Elaine Morgan]]''
| scríbhneoir Breatnach
| ''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1086863|colúnaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28692502|gníomhaí ar son chearta na mban]]''
| 1920-11-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus na hÉireann]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/elaine_morgan elaine_morgan]
| [[:d:Q449734|Q449734]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dr Eleanor Longden.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23712765|Eleanor Longden]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eleanor_longden eleanor_longden]
| [[:d:Q23712765|Q23712765]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:TED2022 20220413 2GT0014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q107467003|Eleni Myrivili]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1757008|stiúrthóir cúnta]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Ghréig]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eleni_myrivili eleni_myrivili]
| [[:d:Q107467003|Q107467003]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dr Eleni Gabre-Madhin.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3050741|Eleni Zaude Gabre-Madhin]]''
| eacnamaí Aetópach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1964-07-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Aetóip]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eleni_gabre_madhin eleni_gabre_madhin]
| [[:d:Q3050741|Q3050741]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:אלי ביר איחוד הצלה.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16214344|Eli Beer]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1973-09-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Iosrael]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eli_beer eli_beer]
| [[:d:Q16214344|Q16214344]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Eli Pariser - Flickr - Knight Foundation.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1328841|Eli Pariser]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16323111|gníomhaí síochána]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6051619|iriseoir tuairime]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11499147|gníomhaí polaitiúil]]''
| 1980-12-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eli_pariser eli_pariser]
| [[:d:Q1328841|Q1328841]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Eliezer Yudkowsky, Stanford 2006 (square crop).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q704195|Eliezer Yudkowsky]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1979-09-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eliezer_yudkowsky eliezer_yudkowsky]
| [[:d:Q704195|Q704195]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:ElifShafak Ask EbruBilun Wiki.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Elif Shafak|Elif Şafak]]
| scríbhneoir Turcach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1971-10-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Tuirc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/elif_shafak elif_shafak]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/752 752]
| [[:d:Q270739|Q270739]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Elise LeGrow at Roy Thomson Hall - 2017 (36530356835).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5361673|Elise LeGrow]]''
| amhránaí Ceanadach
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]
| 1987-06-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/elise_legrow elise_legrow]
| [[:d:Q5361673|Q5361673]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Elizabeth Blackburn CHF Heritage Day 2012 Rush 001.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q26321|Elizabeth Blackburn]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839206|bitheolaí móilíneach]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bithcheimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1948-11-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/elizabeth_blackburn elizabeth_blackburn]
| [[:d:Q26321|Q26321]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Elizabeth Wayne at Sci Foo camp, 2018.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q48720234|Elizabeth C. Wayne]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19902880|biomedical engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14906342|bithfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/elizabeth_wayne elizabeth_wayne]
| [[:d:Q48720234|Q48720234]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5362609|Elizabeth Coleman]]''
| riarthóir acadúil Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q21281706|riarthóir acadúla]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1937
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/liz_coleman liz_coleman]
| [[:d:Q5362609|Q5362609]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Elizabeth Diller.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1225543|Elizabeth Diller]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9379869|léachtóir]]''
| 1954
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/liz_diller liz_diller]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/290 290]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/elizabeth_diller elizabeth_diller]
| [[:d:Q1225543|Q1225543]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Elizabeth Dunn PopTech 2011.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q75040175|Elizabeth Dunn]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''
| 1977-11-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/elizabeth_dunn elizabeth_dunn]
| [[:d:Q75040175|Q75040175]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Elizabeth Gilbert at TED.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q231424|Elizabeth Gilbert]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11774202|scríbhneoir aistí]]''
| 1969-07-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/elizabeth_gilbert elizabeth_gilbert]
| [[:d:Q231424|Q231424]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q100304748|Elizabeth Howell]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/elizabeth_howell elizabeth_howell]
| [[:d:Q100304748|Q100304748]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Elizabeth Kapuʻuwailani Lindsey.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5363053|Elizabeth Kapu'uwailani Lindsey]]''
| ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18581305|iomaitheoir i gcomórtas áilleachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1956-04-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/elizabeth_lindsey elizabeth_lindsey]
| [[:d:Q5363053|Q5363053]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18155703|Elizabeth Lesser]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q185196|cnáimhseach]]''
| 1953
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/elizabeth_lesser elizabeth_lesser]
| [[:d:Q18155703|Q18155703]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q24040890|Elizabeth Lev]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1967
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/elizabeth_lev elizabeth_lev]
| [[:d:Q24040890|Q24040890]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Elizabeth Loftus.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q262154|Elizabeth Loftus]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2732142|staitisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q93068487|forensic psychologist]]''
| 1944-10-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/elizabeth_loftus elizabeth_loftus]
| [[:d:Q262154|Q262154]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18913035|Elizabeth Murchison]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3126128|géineolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16062369|oinceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/elizabeth_murchison elizabeth_murchison]
| [[:d:Q18913035|Q18913035]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:EPhoto.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23782690|Elizabeth Nyamayaro]]''
| eolaí polaitíochta
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28692502|gníomhaí ar son chearta na mban]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[taidhleoir]]
| 1975-08-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an tSiombáib]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/elizabeth_nyamayaro elizabeth_nyamayaro]
| [[:d:Q23782690|Q23782690]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17916880|Elizabeth P. Turtle]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16742203|pláinéadeolaí]]''
| 1967
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/elizabeth_turtle elizabeth_turtle]
| [[:d:Q17916880|Q17916880]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:ElizabethPisaniAtQEDcon2014-2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5363352|Elizabeth Pisani]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|eipidéimeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1964
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/elizabeth_pisani elizabeth_pisani]
| [[:d:Q5363352|Q5363352]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q65682598|Ella Al-Shamahi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15143191|cumarsáidí eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16063497|bitheolaí éabhlóideach]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11900058|taiscéalaí]]''
| 1980s
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ella_al_shamahi ella_al_shamahi]
| [[:d:Q65682598|Q65682598]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ellen 't Hoen, at UNITAID Market Forum, April 7, 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5364710|Ellen 't Hoen]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1960
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29999|Ríocht na hÍsiltíre]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ellen_t_hoen ellen_t_hoen]
| [[:d:Q5364710|Q5364710]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q115655693|Ellen Agler]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ellen_agler ellen_agler]
| [[:d:Q115655693|Q115655693]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ellen Dunham-Jones (6931479086) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23796172|Ellen Dunham-Jones]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 1959-01-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ellen_dunham_jones ellen_dunham_jones]
| [[:d:Q23796172|Q23796172]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5364858|Ellen Gustafson]]''
| bean ghnó Mheiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ellen_gustafson ellen_gustafson]
| [[:d:Q5364858|Q5364858]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, April 2010.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Ellen Johnson Sirleaf]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1938-10-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Libéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ellen_johnson_sirleaf ellen_johnson_sirleaf]
| [[:d:Q43179|Q43179]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662797|Ellen Jorgensen]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]
| 1955-06-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ellen_jorgensen ellen_jorgensen]
| [[:d:Q23662797|Q23662797]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ellen McArthur, 2010 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Ellen MacArthur]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11900058|taiscéalaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q254651|loingseoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q901402|tíreolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q476246|mairnéalach]]''
| 1976-07-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ellen_macarthur ellen_macarthur]
| [[:d:Q262259|Q262259]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q78906351|Ellen Støkken Dahl]]''
| 
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''
| 1991
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Iorua]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ellen_stokken_dahl ellen_stokken_dahl]
| [[:d:Q78906351|Q78906351]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23784323|Elliot Krane]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/elliot_krane elliot_krane]
| [[:d:Q23784323|Q23784323]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:USAFA Hosts Elon Musk (Image 1 of 17) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Elon Musk]]
| fear gnó Meiriceánach (rugadh 1971)
| ''[[:d:Q5482740|ríomhchláraitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q557880|infheisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212238|státseirbhíseach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q133253419|technology entrepreneur]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''
| 1971-06-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Afraic Theas]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ceanada]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/elon_musk elon_musk]
| [[:d:Q317521|Q317521]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23760249|Elora Hardy]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Indinéis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/elora_hardy elora_hardy]
| [[:d:Q23760249|Q23760249]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5368497|Elyn Saks]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1955-11-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/elyn_saks elyn_saks]
| [[:d:Q5368497|Q5368497]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759555|Eman Mohammed]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q957729|fóta-iriseoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Phalaistín]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eman_mohammed eman_mohammed]
| [[:d:Q23759555|Q23759555]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Emeli Sandé September 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Emeli Sandé]]
| amhránaí Albanach
| [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q822146|liriceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]
| 1987-03-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emeli_sande emeli_sande]
| [[:d:Q470429|Q470429]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Emiliano Salinas.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q8263870|Emiliano Salinas]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1416279|anailísí airgeadais]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]
| 1976-02-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Meicsiceo]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emiliano_salinas emiliano_salinas]
| [[:d:Q8263870|Q8263870]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782719|Emilie Wapnick]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emilie_wapnick emilie_wapnick]
| [[:d:Q23782719|Q23782719]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q57024600|Emily A. Grubert]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emily_grubert emily_grubert]
| [[:d:Q57024600|Q57024600]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Emily Balcetis in 2022.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23768714|Emily Balcetis]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q10672931|síceolaí sóisialta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emily_balcetis emily_balcetis]
| [[:d:Q23768714|Q23768714]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q106452648|Emily Esfahani Smith]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emily_esfahani_smith emily_esfahani_smith]
| [[:d:Q106452648|Q106452648]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q57037547|Emily F Rothman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emily_rothman emily_rothman]
| [[:d:Q57037547|Q57037547]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:EmilyKingAtDougFir2016.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q13562073|Emily King]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''
| 1985-07-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emily_king emily_king]
| [[:d:Q13562073|Q13562073]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q105702342|Emily Leproust]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emily_leproust emily_leproust]
| [[:d:Q105702342|Q105702342]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q24851691|Emily Levesque]]''
| réaltfhisiceoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[réalteolaí]]
| 1984-08-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emily_levesque emily_levesque]
| [[:d:Q24851691|Q24851691]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4260929|Emily Levine]]''
| fuirseoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q12406482|greannóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''
| 1944-10-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emily_levine emily_levine]
| [[:d:Q4260929|Q4260929]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q106860592|Emily Nagoski]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]
| 1977
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emily_nagoski emily_nagoski]
| [[:d:Q106860592|Q106860592]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:ECB COVID-19 Webinar Series Emily Oster 54m40s.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5372306|Emily Oster]]''
| eacnamaí Meiriceánach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1980-02-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emily_oster emily_oster]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/126 126]
| [[:d:Q5372306|Q5372306]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Emily Pilloton - PopTech 2009 - Camden, ME.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23795673|Emily Pilloton]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9379869|léachtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16515647|mentor]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emily_pilloton emily_pilloton]
| [[:d:Q23795673|Q23795673]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Emma Teeling for The Story of Your Stuff.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21392291|Emma C. Teeling]]''
| míoleolaí Éireannach
| ''[[:d:Q350979|míoleolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3126128|géineolaí]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emma_teeling emma_teeling]
| [[:d:Q21392291|Q21392291]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Emma Hart.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q61741269|Emma Hart]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''
| 1967
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emma_hart emma_hart]
| [[:d:Q61741269|Q61741269]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19662329|Emma Marris]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3745071|scríbhneoir eolaíochta]]''
| 1979-01-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emma_marris emma_marris]
| [[:d:Q19662329|Q19662329]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q80226037|Emma Nehrenheim]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emma_nehrenheim emma_nehrenheim]
| [[:d:Q80226037|Q80226037]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19986788|Emma R. Schachner]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|pailé-ointeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emma_schachner emma_schachner]
| [[:d:Q19986788|Q19986788]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Emmanuel Acho.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3724672|Emmanuel Acho]]''
| peileadóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q19204627|imreoir peile Meiriceánaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7579803|sports analyst]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''
| 1990-11-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emmanuel_acho emmanuel_acho]
| [[:d:Q3724672|Q3724672]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Emmanuel Jal (152417).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1338331|Emmanuel Jal]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2252262|rapálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]
| 1980-01-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSúdáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emmanuel_jal emmanuel_jal]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/492 492]
| [[:d:Q1338331|Q1338331]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Web Summit 2018 - Contentmakers - Day 2, November 7 SM7 9280 (45715722382).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5373565|Emmett Shear]]''
| duine gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q557880|infheisteoir]]''
| 1983
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emmett_shear emmett_shear]
| [[:d:Q5373565|Q5373565]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Emi Mahmoud Islamic Poet.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q26702742|Emtithal Mahmoud]]''
| file Súdánach
| [[file]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1993
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an tSúdáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/emtithal_mahmoud emtithal_mahmoud]
| [[:d:Q26702742|Q26702742]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5379508|Enric Sala]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3640160|bitheolaí muirí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839134|éiceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 1968-11-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Spáinn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/enric_sala enric_sala]
| [[:d:Q5379508|Q5379508]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q89654407|Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/enrico_ramirez_ruiz enrico_ramirez_ruiz]
| [[:d:Q89654407|Q89654407]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Enrique Peñalosa no Fronteiras do Pensamento Porto Alegre (7417396154).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q989831|Enrique Peñalosa]]''
| polaiteoir Colómach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131062|pleanálaí]]''
| 1954-09-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Cholóim]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/enrique_penalosa enrique_penalosa]
| [[:d:Q989831|Q989831]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Erez Lieberman Aiden.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5385746|Erez Lieberman Aiden]]''
| eolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[staraí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/erez_lieberman_aiden erez_lieberman_aiden]
| [[:d:Q5385746|Q5385746]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795686|Eric Berlow]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eric_berlow eric_berlow]
| [[:d:Q23795686|Q23795686]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23797191|Eric Dishman]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eric_dishman eric_dishman]
| [[:d:Q23797191|Q23797191]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q111240404|Eric Dyer]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1414443|déantóir scannán]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18074503|ealaíontóir suiteáin]]''
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eric_dyer eric_dyer]
| [[:d:Q111240404|Q111240404]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Eric Garcetti official mayoral portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5386557|Eric Garcetti]]''
| polaiteoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10669499|oifigeach cabhlaigh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''
| 1971-02-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eric_garcetti eric_garcetti]
| [[:d:Q5386557|Q5386557]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783074|Eric Giler]]''
| 
| 
| 1955
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eric_giler eric_giler]
| [[:d:Q23783074|Q23783074]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q976346|Eric Haseltine]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q10497074|innealtóir eitilte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q56027752|intelligence analyst]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''
| 1951-10-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eric_haseltine eric_haseltine]
| [[:d:Q976346|Q976346]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q107663251|Eric Hirshberg]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eric_hirshberg eric_hirshberg]
| [[:d:Q107663251|Q107663251]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Eric Lewis-33.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5386963|Eric Lewis]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15981151|ceoltóir snagcheoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''
| 1973-05-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eric_lewis eric_lewis]
| [[:d:Q5386963|Q5386963]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Eric Liu.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5386981|Eric Liu]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1968
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eric_liu eric_liu]
| [[:d:Q5386981|Q5386981]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23785222|Eric Mead]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eric_mead eric_mead]
| [[:d:Q23785222|Q23785222]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Eric Yuan (born 1970) at World Economic Forum Davos 2021.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q44870909|Eric S. Yuan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1970-02-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Daon-Phoblacht na Síne]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eric_s_yuan eric_s_yuan]
| [[:d:Q44870909|Q44870909]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Eric J Topol.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5387640|Eric Topol]]''
| cairdeolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q3264451|cairdeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3126128|géineolaí]]''
| 1954-06-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eric_topol eric_topol]
| [[:d:Q5387640|Q5387640]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Manhatta author at NYBG 2022 jeh (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5387689|Eric W. Sanderson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|éiceolaí]]''
| 1960s
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eric_sanderson eric_sanderson]
| [[:d:Q5387689|Q5387689]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Eric Whitacre.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q726206|Eric Whitacre]]''
| cumadóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q158852|stiúrthóir ceolfhoirne]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14915627|ceoleolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1076502|stiúrthóir cóir]]''
| 1970-01-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eric_whitacre eric_whitacre]
| [[:d:Q726206|Q726206]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:EricXunLi2019.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18653772|Eric X. Li]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1968-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Daon-Phoblacht na Síne]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eric_x_li eric_x_li]
| [[:d:Q18653772|Q18653772]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662179|Erica Frenkel]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/erica_frenkel erica_frenkel]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1216 1216]
| [[:d:Q23662179|Q23662179]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Erik Brynjolfsson at MIT Sloan CIO Symposium 2013 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5388515|Erik Brynjolfsson]]''
| scoláire Meiriceánach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1962
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/erik_brynjolfsson erik_brynjolfsson]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1486 1486]
| [[:d:Q5388515|Q5388515]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Erik Hersman PopTech 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5388622|Erik Hersman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1975
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/erik_hersman erik_hersman]
| [[:d:Q5388622|Q5388622]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Erik Johansson portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18353878|Erik Johansson]]''
| ealaíontóir Sualannach
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''
| 1985
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSualainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/erik_johannson erik_johannson]
| [[:d:Q18353878|Q18353878]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23671001|Erik Schlangen]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13582652|innealtóir sibhialta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/erik_schlangen erik_schlangen]
| [[:d:Q23671001|Q23671001]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q28501534|Erika Bachiochi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16012028|scoláire dlí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/erika_bachiochi erika_bachiochi]
| [[:d:Q28501534|Q28501534]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q92949328|Erika Cheung]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/erika_cheung erika_cheung]
| [[:d:Q92949328|Q92949328]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Erikahamden.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q61019127|Erika T. Hamden]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3499072|chef]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/erika_hamden erika_hamden]
| [[:d:Q61019127|Q61019127]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Erin McKean.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2559665|Erin McKean]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q14972848|foclóirí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14467526|teangeolaí]]''
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/erin_mckean erin_mckean]
| [[:d:Q2559665|Q2559665]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q57265823|Ermias Kebreab]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ermias_kebreab ermias_kebreab]
| [[:d:Q57265823|Q57265823]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23760623|Ernest Madu]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3264451|cairdeolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ernest_madu ernest_madu]
| [[:d:Q23760623|Q23760623]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ernesto Sirolli.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23662694|Ernesto Sirolli]]''
| 
| 
| 1950-09-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Iodáil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ernesto_sirolli ernesto_sirolli]
| [[:d:Q23662694|Q23662694]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Erricka Bridgeford 03.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q47003561|Erricka Bridgeford]]''
| gníomhaí
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1972-10-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/erricka_bridgeford erricka_bridgeford]
| [[:d:Q47003561|Q47003561]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Es Devlin in Studio.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5396618|Es Devlin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1323191|dearthóir feisteas]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11613590|theatre designer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2962070|production designer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2707485|radharcagrafaí]]''
| 1971-09-24&lt;br/&gt;1971-09-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/es_devlin es_devlin]
| [[:d:Q5396618|Q5396618]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Esta Soler Headshot North Porch.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q22703937|Esta Soler]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1947
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/esta_soler esta_soler]
| [[:d:Q22703937|Q22703937]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Esther Duflo - Pop!Tech 2009 - 001 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q434509|Esther Duflo]]''
| eacnamaí Francach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1972-10-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/esther_duflo esther_duflo]
| [[:d:Q434509|Q434509]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Esther Choo at Medicine 2.0'12 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q40100759|Esther K. Choo]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15143191|cumarsáidí eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q336641|emergency physician]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/esther_choo esther_choo]
| [[:d:Q40100759|Q40100759]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Esther Perel 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17388335|Esther Perel]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1900167|síciteiripeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16614000|sex therapist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6001194|marriage counselor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1958
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Bheilg]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/esther_perel esther_perel]
| [[:d:Q17388335|Q17388335]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ethan Hawke 2018.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q484615|Ethan Hawke]]''
| aisteoir agus scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|aisteoir stáitse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11892507|scríbhneoir greannán]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3387717|stiúrthóir drámaíochta]]''
| 1970-11-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ethan_hawke ethan_hawke]
| [[:d:Q484615|Q484615]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q61980065|Ethan Lindenberger]]''
| 
| 
| 2001
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ethan_lindenberger ethan_lindenberger]
| [[:d:Q61980065|Q61980065]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ethan A. Nadelmann - World Economic Forum on Latin America.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5402967|Ethan Nadelmann]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1957-03-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ethan_nadelmann ethan_nadelmann]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/2032 2032]
| [[:d:Q5402967|Q5402967]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ethan Zuckerman (48278826342) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4451591|Ethan Zuckerman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9379869|léachtóir]]''
| 1973-01-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ethan_zuckerman ethan_zuckerman]
| [[:d:Q4451591|Q4451591]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:EugeniaCheng PhiBetaKappa EnLightningTalksChicago2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q20831455|Eugenia Cheng]]''
| 
| [[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[múinteoir]]
| 1976-08-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eugenia_cheng eugenia_cheng]
| [[:d:Q20831455|Q20831455]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q433087|Euna Lee]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1972
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[An Chóiré Theas|Cóiré Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/euna_lee euna_lee]
| [[:d:Q433087|Q433087]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Euvin Naidoo - World Economic Forum on Africa 2012 crop.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5414626|Euvin Naidoo]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Afraic Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/euvin_naidoo euvin_naidoo]
| [[:d:Q5414626|Q5414626]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Eva Galperin 2013 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q35746033|Eva Galperin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q327353|riarthóir córais]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eva_galperin eva_galperin]
| [[:d:Q35746033|Q35746033]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Eva Vertes in 2006.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5415201|Eva Vertes George]]''
| 
| 
| 1985
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eva_vertes eva_vertes]
| [[:d:Q5415201|Q5415201]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Eva Zeisel.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q216141|Eva Zeisel]]''
| ealaíontóir Ungárach
| ''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7541856|criadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]
| 1906-11-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Ungáir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eva_zeisel eva_zeisel]
| [[:d:Q216141|Q216141]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783431|Evan Grant]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/evan_grant evan_grant]
| [[:d:Q23783431|Q23783431]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ev Williams (15527604887).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q561960|Evan Williams]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1972-03-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/evan_williams evan_williams]
| [[:d:Q561960|Q561960]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Eve Ensler at a Hudson Union Society event in March 2011.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2086841|Eve Ensler]]''
| 
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q214917|drámadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18814623|dírbheathaisnéisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28692502|gníomhaí ar son chearta na mban]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1953-05-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eve_ensler eve_ensler]
| [[:d:Q2086841|Q2086841]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Evelyn-glennie.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q239275|Evelyn Glennie]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4351403|cnagcheoltóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q386854|drumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12795793|seinnteoir mairimbe]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q66370835|xylophonist]]''
| 1965-07-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/evelyn_glennie evelyn_glennie]
| [[:d:Q239275|Q239275]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Wer kann die neue Zukunft machen? (17333061348).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q93054|Evgeny Morozov]]''
| scríbhneoir agus léirmheastóir Bealarúiseach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1984
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Bhealarúis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/evgeny_morozov evgeny_morozov]
| [[:d:Q93054|Q93054]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23784493|Eythor Bender]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/eythor_bender eythor_bender]
| [[:d:Q23784493|Q23784493]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:NEXT14 Day 2, NEXT Conference, Germany (13935053809).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23796639|Fabian Hemmert]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11287574|industrial designer]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/fabian_hemmert fabian_hemmert]
| [[:d:Q23796639|Q23796639]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16223327|Fabian Oefner]]''
| ealaíontóir Eilvéiseach
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 1984
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Eilvéis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/fabian_oefner fabian_oefner]
| [[:d:Q16223327|Q16223327]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:TEDxBrooklyn - Fabien Cousteau (5173719132).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5427748|Fabien Cousteau]]''
| 
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11900058|taiscéalaí]]''
| 1967-10-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/fabien_cousteau fabien_cousteau]
| [[:d:Q5427748|Q5427748]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Fadi-chehade-toronto.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q536854|Fadi Chehadé]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1962
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Liobáin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Éigipt]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/fadi_chehade fadi_chehade]
| [[:d:Q536854|Q536854]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23670985|Fahad Al-Attiya]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Catar]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/fahad_al_attiya fahad_al_attiya]
| [[:d:Q23670985|Q23670985]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662658|Faith Jegede]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/faith_jegede faith_jegede]
| [[:d:Q23662658|Q23662658]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q21259711|Faith Osier]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12119633|imdhíoneolaí]]''
| 1972
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Chéinia]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/faith_osier faith_osier]
| [[:d:Q21259711|Q21259711]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q120416183|Fallon R Goodman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dr_fallon_goodman_TEDxUSF20210903-46260 dr_fallon_goodman_TEDxUSF20210903-46260]
| [[:d:Q120416183|Q120416183]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Fareed Zakaria World Economic Forum 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q333425|Fareed Zakaria]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q42909|tuairisceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11774202|scríbhneoir aistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17342450|editorial columnist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1964-01-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/fareed_zakaria fareed_zakaria]
| [[:d:Q333425|Q333425]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Farida Nabourema (103909).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q54362908|Farida Nabourema]]''
| gníomhaí cearta daonna Tógalannach
| ''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1990-04-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Tóga]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/farida_nabourema farida_nabourema]
| [[:d:Q54362908|Q54362908]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5435347|Farish A. Noor]]''
| eolaí polaitíochta Malaeisiach
| [[staraí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1967-05-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Mhalaeisia]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/farish_ahmad_noor farish_ahmad_noor]
| [[:d:Q5435347|Q5435347]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42791593|Fatima AlZahra'a Alatraktchi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1989-04-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q756617|Ríocht na Danmhairge]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/fatima_alzahra_a_alatraktchi fatima_alzahra_a_alatraktchi]
| [[:d:Q42791593|Q42791593]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q108292525|Fehinti Balogun]]''
| 
| [[aisteoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/fehinti_balogun fehinti_balogun]
| [[:d:Q108292525|Q108292525]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Fei-Fei Li at AI for Good 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18686107|Fei-Fei Li]]''
| ríomheolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]
| 1975-07-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/fei_fei_li fei_fei_li]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/2454 2454]
| [[:d:Q18686107|Q18686107]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf (1).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5441577|Feisal Abdul Rauf]]''
| 
| [[iomám]]
| 1948-10-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/imam_feisal_abdul_rauf imam_feisal_abdul_rauf]
| [[:d:Q5441577|Q5441577]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5442186|Felix Dennis]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2516866|foilsitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[file]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1947-05-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/felix_dennis felix_dennis]
| [[:d:Q5442186|Q5442186]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Femi Oke.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5442799|Femi Oke]]''
| iriseoir agus láithreoir teilifíse Briotanach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15958754|craoltóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q42909|tuairisceoir]]''
| 1966-06-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Nigéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/femi_oke femi_oke]
| [[:d:Q5442799|Q5442799]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q28811045|Feras Fayyad]]''
| 
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7042855|eagarthóir scannán]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11814411|documentarian]]''
| 1984
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSiria]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/feras_fayyad feras_fayyad]
| [[:d:Q28811045|Q28811045]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783216|Fields Wicker-Miurin]]''
| 
| 
| 1958
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/fields_wicker_miurin fields_wicker_miurin]
| [[:d:Q23783216|Q23783216]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23784380|Fiorenzo Omenetto]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/fiorenzo_omenetto fiorenzo_omenetto]
| [[:d:Q23784380|Q23784380]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42562201|Floyd E Romesberg]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q864835|biteicneolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bithcheimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3126128|géineolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/floyd_romesberg floyd_romesberg]
| [[:d:Q42562201|Q42562201]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782707|Frances Larson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15985128|medical historian]]''
| 1976-08-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/frances_larson frances_larson]
| [[:d:Q23782707|Q23782707]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q59649465|Frances S. Chance]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/frances_s_chance frances_s_chance]
| [[:d:Q59649465|Q59649465]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q39260921|Frances X. Frei]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/frances_frei frances_frei]
| [[:d:Q39260921|Q39260921]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Franlacma.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q104076874|Francesca Hogi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q27658988|rannpháirtí i gclár teilifíse réaltachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1973-11-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/francesca_hogi francesca_hogi]
| [[:d:Q104076874|Q104076874]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783036|Francesco Sauro]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 20th century&lt;br/&gt;1984
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Iodáil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/francesco_sauro francesco_sauro]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/2667 2667]
| [[:d:Q23783036|Q23783036]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Francis Collins official portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q336658|Francis Collins]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3126128|géineolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ceimiceoir]]
| 1950-04-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/francis_collins francis_collins]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1556 1556]
| [[:d:Q336658|Q336658]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759562|Francis de los Reyes]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/francis_de_los_reyes francis_de_los_reyes]
| [[:d:Q23759562|Q23759562]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q28817248|Francisca Mutapi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an tSiombáib]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/francisca_mutapi francisca_mutapi]
| [[:d:Q28817248|Q28817248]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769571|Franco Sacchi]]''
| 
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7042855|eagarthóir scannán]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/franco_sacchi franco_sacchi]
| [[:d:Q23769571|Q23769571]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Frank O. Gehry - Parc des Ateliers (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Frank Gehry]]
| ailtire Ceanadach
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 1929-02-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/frank_gehry frank_gehry]
| [[:d:Q180374|Q180374]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657144|Frank Warren]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/frank_warren frank_warren]
| [[:d:Q23657144|Q23657144]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Franklin Leonard for Mercer.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16499779|Franklin Leonard]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/franklin_leonard franklin_leonard]
| [[:d:Q16499779|Q16499779]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Frans Lanting; September 13, 2006; Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q722227|Frans Lanting]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1951-07-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/frans_lanting frans_lanting]
| [[:d:Q722227|Q722227]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Frans de Waal.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q303350|Frans de Waal]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16825962|eolaí príomhach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16831721|eiteolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q350979|míoleolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1948-10-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29999|Ríocht na hÍsiltíre]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/frans_de_waal frans_de_waal]
| [[:d:Q303350|Q303350]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19787217|Franz Freudenthal]]''
| dochtúir Bolavach
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Bholaiv]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/franz_freudenthal franz_freudenthal]
| [[:d:Q19787217|Q19787217]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Françoise Mouly.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q941550|Françoise Mouly]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2516866|foilsitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15296811|maisitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1111648|colorist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q706364|stiúrthóir ealaíne]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11892507|scríbhneoir greannán]]''
| 1955-10-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/francoise_mouly francoise_mouly]
| [[:d:Q941550|Q941550]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769264|Fred Jansen]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/fred_jansen fred_jansen]
| [[:d:Q23769264|Q23769264]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:The Global Energy Context Fred Krupp talks (8417459670).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5495700|Fred Krupp]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 1954
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/fred_krupp fred_krupp]
| [[:d:Q5495700|Q5495700]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Fred Swaniker - PopTech 2015 - Camden, Maine.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16216114|Fred Swaniker]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1976
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Gána]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/fred_swaniker fred_swaniker]
| [[:d:Q16216114|Q16216114]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Frédéric Kaplan (3330993703).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23714153|Frederic Kaplan]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 1974-06-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/frederic_kaplan frederic_kaplan]
| [[:d:Q23714153|Q23714153]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23785270|Frederick Balagadde]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/frederick_balagadde frederick_balagadde]
| [[:d:Q23785270|Q23785270]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Fredros Okumu.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q49675220|Fredros O Okumu]]''
| taighdeoir
| ''[[:d:Q12773412|seadeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3055126|feithideolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Chéinia]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/fredros_okumu fredros_okumu]
| [[:d:Q49675220|Q49675220]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5499597|Fredy Peccerelli]]''
| antraipeolaí Guatamalach
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Guatamala]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/fredy_peccerelli fredy_peccerelli]
| [[:d:Q5499597|Q5499597]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Freeman Hrabowski 2012 Shankbone.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5500990|Freeman A. Hrabowski III]]''
| riarthóir acadúil Meiriceánach
| [[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4376769|uachtarán ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1231865|oideolaí]]''
| 1950-08-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/freeman_hrabowski freeman_hrabowski]
| [[:d:Q5500990|Q5500990]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Freeman Dyson.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Freeman John Dyson|Freeman Dyson]]
| fisiceoir agus matamaiticeoir Sasanach
| [[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19350898|fisiceoir teoiriciúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16742096|eolaí núicléach]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2732142|staitisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]
| 1923-12-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/freeman_dyson freeman_dyson]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/259 259]
| [[:d:Q153717|Q153717]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q26915346|Freeman Shen]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1970-01-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Daon-Phoblacht na Síne]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/freeman_h_shen freeman_h_shen]
| [[:d:Q26915346|Q26915346]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:GT Bynum.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q25040837|G. T. Bynum]]''
| polaiteoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q11986654|brústocaire]]''
| 1977-08-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/g_t_bynum g_t_bynum]
| [[:d:Q25040837|Q25040837]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23797774|Gabby Giffords and Mark Kelly]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mark_kelly_and_gabby_giffords mark_kelly_and_gabby_giffords]
| [[:d:Q23797774|Q23797774]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q52106895|Gabby Rivera]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11892507|scríbhneoir greannán]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gabby_rivera gabby_rivera]
| [[:d:Q52106895|Q52106895]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16727388|Gabe Barcia-Colombo]]''
| stiúrthóir scannán Meiriceánach
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gabriel_barcia_colombo gabriel_barcia_colombo]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1388 1388]
| [[:d:Q16727388|Q16727388]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:TNW Con EU15- Gabe Zichermann -1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16214845|Gabe Zichermann]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1974-05-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gabe_zichermann gabe_zichermann]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1107 1107]
| [[:d:Q16214845|Q16214845]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:“Astronomía con ondas Gravitacionales” (43603989761).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16843449|Gabriela González]]''
| fisiceoir Airgintíneach
| [[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]
| 1965-02-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Airgintín]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gabriela_gonzalez gabriela_gonzalez]
| [[:d:Q16843449|Q16843449]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759565|Gail Reed]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gail_reed gail_reed]
| [[:d:Q23759565|Q23759565]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Gareth Thomas (rugby player).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Gareth Thomas]]
| imreoir rugbaí Breatnach
| ''[[:d:Q14373094|rugby league player]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14089670|imreoir rugbaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1974-07-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gareth_thomas gareth_thomas]
| [[:d:Q949204|Q949204]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Garik Israelian.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5523322|Garik Israelian]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''
| 1963
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tAontas Sóivéadach]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Airméin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/garik_israelian garik_israelian]
| [[:d:Q5523322|Q5523322]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q108175668|Garry Cooper Jr.]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/garry_cooper garry_cooper]
| [[:d:Q108175668|Q108175668]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Garry Kasparov European Union 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Garry Kasparov]]
| ardmháistir fichille agus gníomhaí Rúiseach
| ''[[:d:Q10873124|imreoir fichille]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6430706|léirmheastóir]]''
| 1963-04-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Rúis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Chróit]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/garry_kasparov garry_kasparov]
| [[:d:Q28614|Q28614]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23661679|Garth Lenz]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/garth_lenz garth_lenz]
| [[:d:Q23661679|Q23661679]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662677|Gary  Greenberg]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gary_greenberg gary_greenberg]
| [[:d:Q23662677|Q23662677]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q51105165|Gary Barker]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1961-05-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gary_barker gary_barker]
| [[:d:Q51105165|Q51105165]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:The hidden root of global poverty, according to Gary Haugen? It's broken law enforcement.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5525220|Gary Haugen]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[saineolaí dlí]]
| 1963&lt;br/&gt;1964
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gary_haugen gary_haugen]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/2420 2420]
| [[:d:Q5525220|Q5525220]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Gary Kovacs at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting of the New Champions in Tianjin, China, 2012..jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3916015|Gary Kovacs]]''
| fear gnó Ceanadach
| [[eacnamaí]]
| 1963&lt;br/&gt;1964
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gary_kovacs gary_kovacs]
| [[:d:Q3916015|Q3916015]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23785051|Gary Lauder]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gary_lauder gary_lauder]
| [[:d:Q23785051|Q23785051]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q115591397|Gary Liu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gary_liu gary_liu]
| [[:d:Q115591397|Q115591397]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Gary Marcus.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3348133|Gary Marcus]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7256360|sícitheangeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1970-02-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gary_marcus gary_marcus]
| [[:d:Q3348133|Q3348133]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23712673|Gary Slutkin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|eipidéimeolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gary_slutkin gary_slutkin]
| [[:d:Q23712673|Q23712673]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Gary Vaynerchuk public domain.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3098629|Gary Vaynerchuk]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q139648|soiscéalaí teicneolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q897317|saothróir fíniúna]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q215536|ceannaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]
| 1975-11-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gary_vaynerchuk gary_vaynerchuk]
| [[:d:Q3098629|Q3098629]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Gary William Flake FLoC 2006.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5526162|Gary William Flake]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1960s
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gary_flake gary_flake]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/672 672]
| [[:d:Q5526162|Q5526162]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Gary Wolf (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17090269|Gary Wolf]]''
| iriseoir
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1961
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gary_wolf gary_wolf]
| [[:d:Q17090269|Q17090269]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Gastón Acurio realizó conversatorio en la ADP sobre la proyección externa de la gastronomía peruana.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q142216|Gastón Acurio]]''
| cócaire Peiriúch
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q156839|cócaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3499072|chef]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9379869|léachtóir]]''
| 1967-10-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Peiriú]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gaston_acurio gaston_acurio]
| [[:d:Q142216|Q142216]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q27663103|Gautam Bhan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19509201|gníomhaí ar son cearta daoine LADT]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gautam_bhan gautam_bhan]
| [[:d:Q27663103|Q27663103]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5528244|Gavin Pretor-Pinney]]''
| scríbhneoir Briotanach
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gavin_pretor_pinney gavin_pretor_pinney]
| [[:d:Q5528244|Q5528244]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Gavin Schmidt - climate scientist.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1496443|Gavin Schmidt]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1113838|clíomeolaí]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gavin_schmidt gavin_schmidt]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1782 1782]
| [[:d:Q1496443|Q1496443]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q55979378|Gay Gordon-Byrne]]''
| 
| 
| 1954-09-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gay_gordon_byrne gay_gordon_byrne]
| [[:d:Q55979378|Q55979378]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Gayle King of CBS 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5528805|Gayle King]]''
| craoltóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q2722764|pearsa raidió]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q106568011|magazine editor]]''
| 1954-12-28&lt;br/&gt;1956
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gayle_king gayle_king]
| [[:d:Q5528805|Q5528805]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:2015-10-06 WDC 0045 Gayle Tzemach Lemmon (22009448265).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5528818|Gayle Tzemach Lemmon]]''
| údar Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1973-09-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gayle_tzemach_lemmon gayle_tzemach_lemmon]
| [[:d:Q5528818|Q5528818]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Gbenga Sesan (5909853624).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5529334|Gbenga Sesan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12336252|social entrepreneur]]''
| 1977-07-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Nigéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gbenga_sesan gbenga_sesan]
| [[:d:Q5529334|Q5529334]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:GeWang.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5529428|Ge Wang]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1977-11-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ge_wang ge_wang]
| [[:d:Q5529428|Q5529428]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Geena Rocero for Chromat.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16205705|Geena Rocero]]''
| 
| [[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19509201|gníomhaí ar son cearta daoine LADT]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q728711|Playboy Playmate]]''
| 1983-10-24
| [[Bean trasghnéasach|bean trasinscneach]]
| [[na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/geena_rocero geena_rocero]
| [[:d:Q16205705|Q16205705]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Geert Chatrou 2005.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3759206|Geert Chatrou]]''
| 
| [[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q713200|taibheoir]]''
| 1969-02-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29999|Ríocht na hÍsiltíre]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/geert_chatrou geert_chatrou]
| [[:d:Q3759206|Q3759206]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:NBF2024-gene-luen-yang.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5531537|Gene Luen Yang]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q107436166|graphic novelist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11892507|scríbhneoir greannán]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q715301|ealaíontóir greannáin]]''
| 1973-08-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Daon-Phoblacht na Síne]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gene_yang gene_yang]
| [[:d:Q5531537|Q5531537]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Genevieve Bell by Tegan Osborne (ABC RN).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5533059|Genevieve Bell]]''
| antraipeolaí Astrálach
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1968
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/genevieve_bell genevieve_bell]
| [[:d:Q5533059|Q5533059]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23760544|Genevieve von Petzinger]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21272406|pailé-antraipeolaí]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/genevieve_von_petzinger genevieve_von_petzinger]
| [[:d:Q23760544|Q23760544]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Geoff Mulgan.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4993665|Geoff Mulgan]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]
| 1961
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/geoff_mulgan geoff_mulgan]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/517 517]
| [[:d:Q4993665|Q4993665]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:GeoffreyCanada.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5534498|Geoffrey Canada]]''
| gníomhaí Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1952-01-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/geoffrey_canada geoffrey_canada]
| [[:d:Q5534498|Q5534498]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Geoffrey West by Augustas Didzgalvis.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q964122|Geoffrey West]]''
| fisiceoir Briotanach
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1940-12-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/geoffrey_west geoffrey_west]
| [[:d:Q964122|Q964122]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:George Ayittey detail.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3101406|George Ayittey]]''
| eacnamaí
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1945-10-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Gána]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/george_ayittey george_ayittey]
| [[:d:Q3101406|Q3101406]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:George Dyson, portrait 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q447285|George Dyson]]''
| staraí Meiriceánach
| [[staraí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17486338|historian of technology]]''
| 1953-03-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/george_dyson george_dyson]
| [[:d:Q447285|Q447285]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:George smoot 06N7133a.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q179572|George F. Smoot]]''
| 
| [[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2998308|cosmeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1945-02-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/george_smoot george_smoot]
| [[:d:Q179572|Q179572]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:George M. Whitesides HD2007.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q701501|George M. Whitesides]]''
| 
| [[ceimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1939-08-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/george_whitesides george_whitesides]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/609 609]
| [[:d:Q701501|Q701501]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:George beach crop4.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q390147|George Monbiot]]''
| scríbhneoir agus gníomhaí Sasanach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9379869|léachtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q106638245|rannpháirtí i gclár faisnéise]]''
| 1963-01-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/george_monbiot george_monbiot]
| [[:d:Q390147|Q390147]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Papandreou handover cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q151917|George Papandreou]]''
| polaiteoir Gréagach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[taidhleoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''
| 1952-06-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ghréig]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/george_papandreou george_papandreou]
| [[:d:Q151917|Q151917]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1508284|George Steinmetz]]''
| grianghrafadóir Meiriceánach
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1957-10-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/george_steinmetz george_steinmetz]
| [[:d:Q1508284|Q1508284]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Whitesides George 119th Congress.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3511804|George T. Whitesides]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1974-03-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/george_t_whitesides george_t_whitesides]
| [[:d:Q3511804|Q3511804]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:George Takei in 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[George Takei]]
| aisteoir agus údar Meiriceánach
| [[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3455803|stiúrthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6051619|iriseoir tuairime]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1937-04-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/george_takei george_takei]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/2018 2018]
| [[:d:Q110154|Q110154]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q70058501|George Tulevski]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/george_tulevski george_tulevski]
| [[:d:Q70058501|Q70058501]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Georges Benjamin, Executive Director, American Public Health Association (49585876116).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19609711|Georges C. Benjamin]]''
| 
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]
| 1952-09-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/georges_c_benjamin georges_c_benjamin]
| [[:d:Q19609711|Q19609711]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q21600083|Georgette Mulheir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7019111|oibrí sóisialta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/georgette_mulheir georgette_mulheir]
| [[:d:Q21600083|Q21600083]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23727544|Geraldine Hamilton]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/geraldine_hamilton geraldine_hamilton]
| [[:d:Q23727544|Q23727544]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15442598|Gerard Ryle]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1965
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gerard_ryle gerard_ryle]
| [[:d:Q15442598|Q15442598]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Gero Miesenböck FRS.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5552368|Gero Miesenböck]]''
| néareolaí Ostarach
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1965-07-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ostair]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gero_miesenboeck gero_miesenboeck]
| [[:d:Q5552368|Q5552368]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Gever Tulley.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5554907|Gever Tulley]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1962
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gever_tulley gever_tulley]
| [[:d:Q5554907|Q5554907]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q54921386|Ghada Wali]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q627325|dearthóir grafaicí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Éigipt]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ghada_wali ghada_wali]
| [[:d:Q54921386|Q54921386]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q88420518|Giada Gerboni]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/giada_gerboni giada_gerboni]
| [[:d:Q88420518|Q88420518]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Gian Francesco Giudice.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3762636|Gian Francesco Giudice]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]
| 1961-01-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Iodáil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gian_giudice gian_giudice]
| [[:d:Q3762636|Q3762636]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Giles Duley.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5561638|Giles Duley]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q957729|fóta-iriseoir]]''
| 1971-09-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/giles_duley giles_duley]
| [[:d:Q5561638|Q5561638]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Gill Hicks.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5561888|Gill Hicks]]''
| 
| 
| 1968
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gill_hicks gill_hicks]
| [[:d:Q5561888|Q5561888]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Gillian Tett FT Autumn Party 2014 crop.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5562297|Gillian Tett]]''
| iriseoir Briotanach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1086863|colúnaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6051619|iriseoir tuairime]]''
| 1967-07-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gillian_tett gillian_tett]
| [[:d:Q5562297|Q5562297]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q108075050|Gina Brillon]]''
| 
| [[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]
| 1980-04-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gina_brillon gina_brillon]
| [[:d:Q108075050|Q108075050]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Giorgia Lupi, 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q50345179|Giorgia Lupi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1981
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Iodáil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/giorgia_lupi giorgia_lupi]
| [[:d:Q50345179|Q50345179]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Giulia Enders 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16937497|Giulia Enders]]''
| údar Gearmánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]
| 1990
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/giulia_enders giulia_enders]
| [[:d:Q16937497|Q16937497]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Glenn Close 2012 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q372311|Glenn Close]]''
| ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|aisteoir stáitse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]
| 1947-03-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/glenn_close glenn_close]
| [[:d:Q372311|Q372311]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Glenn Greenwald 2014-01-20 001.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5568842|Glenn Greenwald]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1642960|tráchtaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[saineolaí dlí]]
| 1967-03-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/2081 2081]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/glenn_greenwald glenn_greenwald]
| [[:d:Q5568842|Q5568842]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q117351788|Gloria Kasang Bulus]]''
| 
| [[príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Nigéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gloria_kasang_bulus gloria_kasang_bulus]
| [[:d:Q117351788|Q117351788]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Gloria Steinem (29126367513) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q231178|Gloria Steinem]]''
| gníomhaí agus iriseoir Meiriceánach (rugadh 1934)
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q42909|tuairisceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11774202|scríbhneoir aistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9379869|léachtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28692502|gníomhaí ar son chearta na mban]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11499147|gníomhaí polaitiúil]]''
| 1934-03-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gloria_steinem gloria_steinem]
| [[:d:Q231178|Q231178]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Golan Levin in 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5578394|Golan Levin]]''
| ealaíontóir Meiriceánach
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6934789|ealaíontóir ilmheán]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10774753|taibhealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1972
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/golan_levin golan_levin]
| [[:d:Q5578394|Q5578394]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Golshifteh Farahani at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival 4 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q464712|Golshifteh Farahani]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]
| 1983-07-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Iaráin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/golshifteh_farahani golshifteh_farahani]
| [[:d:Q464712|Q464712]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Gordon Brown (2008).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Gordon Brown]]
| Príomh-Aire na Ríochta Aontaithe ó 2007 go 2010
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864380|beathaisnéisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18814623|dírbheathaisnéisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[staraí]]
| 1951-02-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gordon_brown gordon_brown]
| [[:d:Q10648|Q10648]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q124639290|Gorick Ng]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gorick_ng gorick_ng]
| [[:d:Q124639290|Q124639290]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Grady Booch, CHM 2011 2 cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q92803|Grady Booch]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q183888|forbróir bogearraí]]''
| 1955-02-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/grady_booch grady_booch]
| [[:d:Q92803|Q92803]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5592891|Graham Hawkes]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1947-12-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/graham_hawkes graham_hawkes]
| [[:d:Q5592891|Q5592891]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795659|Graham Hill]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/graham_hill graham_hill]
| [[:d:Q23795659|Q23795659]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Graham T. Allison, Jr.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2663882|Graham T. Allison]]''
| eolaí polaitíochta Meiriceánach (1940-)
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1940-03-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/graham_allison graham_allison]
| [[:d:Q2663882|Q2663882]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Disrupt SF TechCrunch Disrupt San Francisco 2019 - Day 2 (48838200316) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q100604534|Greg Brockman]]''
| fiontraí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q557880|infheisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5482740|ríomhchláraitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1987-11-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/greg_brockman greg_brockman]
| [[:d:Q100604534|Q100604534]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23663036|Greg Gage]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/greg_gage greg_gage]
| [[:d:Q23663036|Q23663036]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Greg Lynn.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q513374|Greg Lynn]]''
| ailtire Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1964
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/greg_lynn greg_lynn]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/387 387]
| [[:d:Q513374|Q513374]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23796887|Greg Stone]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/greg_stone greg_stone]
| [[:d:Q23796887|Q23796887]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Greg Asner.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23670497|Gregory Asner]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/greg_asner greg_asner]
| [[:d:Q23670497|Q23670497]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Image copy.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5607114|Gregory Petsko]]''
| scoláire Meiriceánach
| [[bithcheimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 1948-08-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gregory_petsko gregory_petsko]
| [[:d:Q5607114|Q5607114]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q372400|Gregory Stock]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14906342|bithfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1949
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gregory_stock gregory_stock]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/432 432]
| [[:d:Q372400|Q372400]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Greta Thunberg 4.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Greta Thunberg]]
| gníomhaí Sualannach ar son na haeráide
| ''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 2003-01-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an tSualainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/greta_thunberg greta_thunberg]
| [[:d:Q56434717|Q56434717]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Photo of Gretchen Carlson in 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q465597|Gretchen Carlson]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18581305|iomaitheoir i gcomórtas áilleachta]]''
| 1966-06-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gretchen_carlson gretchen_carlson]
| [[:d:Q465597|Q465597]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Grégoire Courtine in 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23670337|Grégoire Courtine]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 1975
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gregoire_courtine gregoire_courtine]
| [[:d:Q23670337|Q23670337]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Guillaume Nery.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3120107|Guillaume Néry]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17318006|freediver]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1866686|tumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13590141|láithreoir]]''
| 1982-07-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/guillaume_nery guillaume_nery]
| [[:d:Q3120107|Q3120107]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Casely-Hayford2015.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5620629|Gus Casely-Hayford]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1792450|staraí na healaíne]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[staraí]]
| 1964
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gus_casely_hayford gus_casely_hayford]
| [[:d:Q5620629|Q5620629]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5620805|Gus Worland]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2722764|pearsa raidió]]''
| 1968
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gus_worland gus_worland]
| [[:d:Q5620805|Q5620805]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23809293|Gustavo Dudamel &amp; Teresa Carreño Youth Orchestra]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/the_teresa_carreno_youth_orchestra the_teresa_carreno_youth_orchestra]
| [[:d:Q23809293|Q23809293]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23728362|Guy Hoffman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/guy_hoffman guy_hoffman]
| [[:d:Q23728362|Q23728362]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769541|Guy Winch]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/guy_winch guy_winch]
| [[:d:Q23769541|Q23769541]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657222|Guy-Philippe Goldstein]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/guy_philippe_goldstein guy_philippe_goldstein]
| [[:d:Q23657222|Q23657222]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Gwynne Shotwell at pre-launch briefing for CRS-2 mission (KSC-2013-1704).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1557944|Gwynne Shotwell]]''
| feidhmeannach gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q10497074|innealtóir eitilte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1963-11-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/gwynne_shotwell gwynne_shotwell]
| [[:d:Q1557944|Q1557944]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Haas&amp;Hahn Dutch Artists.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17097956|Haas&amp;Hahn]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/haas_hahn haas_hahn]
| [[:d:Q17097956|Q17097956]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662747|Hadyn Parry]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hadyn_parry hadyn_parry]
| [[:d:Q23662747|Q23662747]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Hajer Sharief, 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q55606238|Hajer Al-Sharief]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16323111|gníomhaí síochána]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''
| 1994
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Libia]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hajer_sharief hajer_sharief]
| [[:d:Q55606238|Q55606238]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q59522884|Hal Harvey]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11986654|brústocaire]]''
| 1961
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hal_harvey hal_harvey]
| [[:d:Q59522884|Q59522884]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Halima Aden Paris Fashion Week Autumn Winter 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q28859847|Halima Aden]]''
| 
| [[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q22336956|daonnúlach]]''
| 1997-09-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/halima_aden halima_aden]
| [[:d:Q28859847|Q28859847]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Halla Tómasdóttir at Arctic Circle 2024 cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q24494577|Halla Tómasdóttir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1968-10-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Íoslainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/halla_tomasdottir halla_tomasdottir]
| [[:d:Q24494577|Q24494577]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Portrait of Hamdi Ulukaya.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12071778|Hamdi Ulukaya]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12362622|daonchara]]''
| 1972-10-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Tuirc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hamdi_ulukaya hamdi_ulukaya]
| [[:d:Q12071778|Q12071778]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23748667|Hamish Jolly]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hamish_jolly hamish_jolly]
| [[:d:Q23748667|Q23748667]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5647664|Handspring Puppet Company]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/handspring_puppet_company handspring_puppet_company]
| [[:d:Q5647664|Q5647664]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q51924844|Hani Goodarzi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hani_goodarzi hani_goodarzi]
| [[:d:Q51924844|Q51924844]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Hank Willis Thomas at the unveiling of the &quot;The Embrace&quot; (FmcSzEoXoAAQCdX) (1) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5648502|Hank Willis Thomas]]''
| ealaíontóir Meiriceánach
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21550489|ealaíntóir choincheapúil]]''
| 1976-03-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hank_willis_thomas hank_willis_thomas]
| [[:d:Q5648502|Q5648502]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Hanna Rosin 216714.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3126824|Hanna Rosin]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1970
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Iosrael]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hanna_rosin hanna_rosin]
| [[:d:Q3126824|Q3126824]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662784|Hannah Brencher]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hannah_brencher hannah_brencher]
| [[:d:Q23662784|Q23662784]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Hannah Fry at the Data of Tomorrow Conference 2017 (36638999274) (cropped 2).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23657278|Hannah Fry]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15143191|cumarsáidí eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20856740|reacaire closleabhar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13590141|láithreoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9379869|léachtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''
| 1984-02-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hannah_fry hannah_fry]
| [[:d:Q23657278|Q23657278]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Hannah-Gadsby-at-the-2024-Edinburgh-Festival-Fringe-2 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5648835|Hannah Gadsby]]''
| fuirseoir Astrálach
| [[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]
| 1978-01-12
| [[Inscne neamhdhénártha|neamh-dhénártha]]
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hannah_gadsby hannah_gadsby]
| [[:d:Q5648835|Q5648835]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q96139192|Hannah Ritchie]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1993
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hannah_ritchie hannah_ritchie]
| [[:d:Q96139192|Q96139192]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:NRW-Filmpremiere „The Cleaners - Im Schatten der Netzwelt“-0912.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q52554723|Hans Block]]''
| 
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q222344|cineamatagrafadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q69423232|scríbhneoir scripte scannáin]]''
| 1985
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hans_block hans_block]
| [[:d:Q52554723|Q52554723]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Hans Rosling, 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q588259|Hans Rosling]]''
| 
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2732142|staitisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]
| 1948-07-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSualainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hans_rosling hans_rosling]
| [[:d:Q588259|Q588259]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5653782|Harald Haas]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1968
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/harald_haas harald_haas]
| [[:d:Q5653782|Q5653782]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Flickr - World Economic Forum - Harish Manwani - Annual Meeting of the New Champions Tianjin 2008.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5657894|Harish Manwani]]''
| fear gnó Indiach
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1953-06-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/harish_manwani harish_manwani]
| [[:d:Q5657894|Q5657894]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769245|Harry Baker]]''
| 
| [[file]]&lt;br/&gt;[[matamaiticeoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/harry_baker harry_baker]
| [[:d:Q23769245|Q23769245]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23840678|Harry Cliff]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15143191|cumarsáidí eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q780596|coimeádaí taispeántais]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/harry_cliff harry_cliff]
| [[:d:Q23840678|Q23840678]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Harsha Bhogle walks for Manish Malhotra &amp; Shaina NC's show for CPAA 21.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12053146|Harsha Bhogle]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7888586|chemical engineer]]''
| 1961-07-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/harsha_bhogle harsha_bhogle]
| [[:d:Q12053146|Q12053146]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Harvey V Fineberg 2021 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5677639|Harvey V. Fineberg]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|eipidéimeolaí]]''
| 1945-09-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/harvey_fineberg harvey_fineberg]
| [[:d:Q5677639|Q5677639]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Hasan Kwame Jeffries nonprofit report.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q97704712|Hasan Kwame Jeffries]]''
| 
| [[staraí]]
| 1973-01-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hasan_kwame_jeffries hasan_kwame_jeffries]
| [[:d:Q97704712|Q97704712]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Hasan Elahi 20110204.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5678224|Hasan M. Elahi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''
| 1972
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hasan_elahi hasan_elahi]
| [[:d:Q5678224|Q5678224]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23809276|Hawa Abdi &amp; Deqo Mohamed]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dr_hawa_abdi_dr_deqo_mohamed dr_hawa_abdi_dr_deqo_mohamed]
| [[:d:Q23809276|Q23809276]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q20740945|Heather Barnett]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/heather_barnett_1 heather_barnett_1]
| [[:d:Q20740945|Q20740945]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Heather Brooke, 2012 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2367689|Heather Brooke]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1970
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/heather_brooke heather_brooke]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1317 1317]
| [[:d:Q2367689|Q2367689]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Heather Knight, College of Engineering (41832666920).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23797061|Heather Knight]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/heather_knight heather_knight]
| [[:d:Q23797061|Q23797061]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:HeatherMcGeeCitizenUniversity.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q51689299|Heather McGhee]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/heather_c_mcghee heather_c_mcghee]
| [[:d:Q51689299|Q51689299]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:HectorRuiz.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q563211|Hector Ruiz]]''
| fear gnó Meicsiceach
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1945-12-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Meicsiceo]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hector_ruiz hector_ruiz]
| [[:d:Q563211|Q563211]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q112449748|Heidi Grant-Halvorson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q10672931|síceolaí sóisialta]]''
| 1973
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/heidi_grant heidi_grant]
| [[:d:Q112449748|Q112449748]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Heidi Hammel Upgraded Hubble Space Telescope Images.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4347768|Heidi Hammel]]''
| réalteolaí
| [[réalteolaí]]
| 1960-03-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/heidi_b_hammel heidi_b_hammel]
| [[:d:Q4347768|Q4347768]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Heidi Larson for World Economic Forum.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21238913|Heidi Larson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1957-04-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/heidi_larson heidi_larson]
| [[:d:Q21238913|Q21238913]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q56697413|Heidi M Sosik]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3640160|bitheolaí muirí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/heidi_m_sosik heidi_m_sosik]
| [[:d:Q56697413|Q56697413]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Heidi Sørensen (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5698986|Heidi Sørensen]]''
| polaiteoir Ioruach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1970-02-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Iorua]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/heidi_sorensen heidi_sorensen]
| [[:d:Q5698986|Q5698986]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Helen Czerski 2022.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4509588|Helen Czerski]]''
| fisiceoir Briotanach
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3546255|aigéaneolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1978-11-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/helen_czerski helen_czerski]
| [[:d:Q4509588|Q4509588]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Helen Fisher at LaWeb 2008 in Paris.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q457262|Helen E. Fisher]]''
| antraipeolaí Ceanadach
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''
| 1945-05-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/helen_fisher helen_fisher]
| [[:d:Q457262|Q457262]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q65383021|Helen Pearson]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1973
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/helen_pearson helen_pearson]
| [[:d:Q65383021|Q65383021]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1605088|Hendrik N. Poinar]]''
| bitheolaí Meiriceánach
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1969-05-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hendrik hendrik]
| [[:d:Q1605088|Q1605088]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q78849966|Henna-Maria Uusitupa]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Fhionlainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/henna_maria_uusitupa henna_maria_uusitupa]
| [[:d:Q78849966|Q78849966]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Henrietta Fore UNICEF (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12057924|Henrietta H. Fore]]''
| 
| [[taidhleoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4115780|environmental health officer]]''
| 1948-12-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/henrietta_fore henrietta_fore]
| [[:d:Q12057924|Q12057924]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23712262|Henry Evans]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/henry_evans henry_evans]
| [[:d:Q23712262|Q23712262]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18044616|Henry Lin]]''
| réaltfhisiceoir Meiriceánach
| [[réalteolaí]]
| 1995
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/henry_lin henry_lin]
| [[:d:Q18044616|Q18044616]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Portrait of Henry Markram.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2000022|Henry Markram]]''
| néareolaí Eilvéiseach
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[néareolaí]]
| 1962-03-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Iosrael]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Afraic Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/henry_markram henry_markram]
| [[:d:Q2000022|Q2000022]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Herbie Hancock.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q105875|Herbie Hancock]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q806349|máistir banna]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q158852|stiúrthóir ceolfhoirne]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15981151|ceoltóir snagcheoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1075651|méarchláraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1415090|cumadóir scóir scannáin]]''
| 1940-04-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/herbie_hancock herbie_hancock]
| [[:d:Q105875|Q105875]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795333|Heribert Watzke]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/heribert_watzke heribert_watzke]
| [[:d:Q23795333|Q23795333]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q29913415|Herman Narula]]''
| 
| [[príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin]]
| 1988
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/herman_narula herman_narula]
| [[:d:Q29913415|Q29913415]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23712659|Hetain Patel]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hetain_patel hetain_patel]
| [[:d:Q23712659|Q23712659]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Radically Reinventing Social Systems (45933060145) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5760932|Hilary Cottam]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q978044|feidhmeannach]]''
| 1965
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hilary_cottam hilary_cottam]
| [[:d:Q5760932|Q5760932]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23796161|Hillel Cooperman]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hillel_cooperman hillel_cooperman]
| [[:d:Q23796161|Q23796161]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q57087586|Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q901402|tíreolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 1984
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Sead]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hindou_oumarou_ibrahim hindou_oumarou_ibrahim]
| [[:d:Q57087586|Q57087586]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Waiter- The New World of 3D Printing and Computation (9972110315).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12406466|Hod Lipson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3437279|roboticist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1967
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hod_lipson hod_lipson]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/151 151]
| [[:d:Q12406466|Q12406466]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Holly Herndon 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16203447|Holly Herndon]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Léiritheoir ceoil|léiritheoir ceirníní]]
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/holly_herndon holly_herndon]
| [[:d:Q16203447|Q16203447]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5882187|Holly Morris]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1235146|déantóir scannán faisnéise]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1965-09-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/holly_morris holly_morris]
| [[:d:Q5882187|Q5882187]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Homaro Cantu Cusp Conference 2008.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5887763|Homaro Cantu]]''
| cócaire Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q3499072|chef]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''
| 1976-09-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/homaro_cantu homaro_cantu]
| [[:d:Q5887763|Q5887763]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q125129729|Hongqiao Liu]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q107235593|environmental journalist]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Daon-Phoblacht na Síne]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hongqiao_liu hongqiao_liu]
| [[:d:Q125129729|Q125129729]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dubai Future Forum 2024 - Honor Harger.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5896804|Honor Harger]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q674426|coimeádaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q780596|coimeádaí taispeántais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1975
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Nua-Shéalainn]]&lt;br/&gt;[[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/honor_harger honor_harger]
| [[:d:Q5896804|Q5896804]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q123351824|Howard C. Stevenson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1113899|síceolaí cliniciúil]]''
| 1958-08-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/howard_stevenson howard_stevenson]
| [[:d:Q123351824|Q123351824]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:HowardRheingoldJI4.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q962698|Howard Rheingold]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q4263842|léirmheastóir liteartha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11774202|scríbhneoir aistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1947-07-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/howard_rheingold howard_rheingold]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/192 192]
| [[:d:Q962698|Q962698]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nordiske Mediedager 2018 (26998536817) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18044119|Hrishikesh Hirway]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1979-02-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hrishikesh_hirway hrishikesh_hirway]
| [[:d:Q18044119|Q18044119]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Hubertus Knabe auf dem Blauen Sofa (6318869369) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q74348|Hubertus Knabe]]''
| staraí Gearmánach
| ''[[:d:Q17489339|historian of Modern Age]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[staraí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''
| 1959-07-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hubertus_knabe hubertus_knabe]
| [[:d:Q74348|Q74348]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Hugh Herr, 2013-crop.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3738041|Hugh Herr]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14906342|bithfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3951423|dreapadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1964-10-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hugh_herr hugh_herr]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1779 1779]
| [[:d:Q3738041|Q3738041]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Hong Huang at TEDxBeijing 2009.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5942570|Hung Huang]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18814623|dírbheathaisnéisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]
| 1962-07-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hung_huang hung_huang]
| [[:d:Q5942570|Q5942570]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:HELDER (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17280334|Hélder Guimarães]]''
| 
| 
| 1982-11-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Phortaingéil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/helder_guimaraes helder_guimaraes]
| [[:d:Q17280334|Q17280334]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23797233|Iain Hutchison]]''
| 
| [[máinlia]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/iain_hutchison iain_hutchison]
| [[:d:Q23797233|Q23797233]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Iain McGilchrist.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16732304|Iain McGilchrist]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q211346|síciatraí]]''
| 1953
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/iain_mcgilchrist iain_mcgilchrist]
| [[:d:Q16732304|Q16732304]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ian Bremmer headshot.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5980992|Ian Bremmer]]''
| eolaí polaitíochta Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1969-11-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ian_bremmer ian_bremmer]
| [[:d:Q5980992|Q5980992]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ian Chang in 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q99693632|Ian Chang]]''
| 
| [[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q386854|drumadóir]]''
| 1988-10-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ian_chang ian_chang]
| [[:d:Q99693632|Q99693632]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q39202|Ian Dunbar]]''
| 
| [[tréidlia]]
| 1947-04-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ian_dunbar ian_dunbar]
| [[:d:Q39202|Q39202]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q55314755|Ian Firth]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2305987|innealtóir struchtúr]]''
| 1956-02-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ian_firth ian_firth]
| [[:d:Q55314755|Q55314755]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Professor Ian Goldin, Director, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5981666|Ian Goldin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q806798|baincéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]
| 1955
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Afraic Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ian_goldin ian_goldin]
| [[:d:Q5981666|Q5981666]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5981963|Ian Kerner]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1966-05-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ian_kerner ian_kerner]
| [[:d:Q5981963|Q5981963]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5982726|Ian Ritchie]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ian_ritchie ian_ritchie]
| [[:d:Q5982726|Q5982726]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ibeyi by Maya Dagnino 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16800947|Ibeyi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ibeyi ibeyi]
| [[:d:Q16800947|Q16800947]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ibram Kendi 2019 Texas Book Festival.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q31213305|Ibram X. Kendi]]''
| údar agus staraí Meiriceánach
| [[staraí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''
| 1982-08-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ibram_kendi ibram_kendi]
| [[:d:Q31213305|Q31213305]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Iké Udé - 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18217444|Iké Udé]]''
| grianghrafadóir Meiriceánach
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1964
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Nigéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ike_ude ike_ude]
| [[:d:Q18217444|Q18217444]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q91255530|Ilissa B Ocko]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ilissa_ocko ilissa_ocko]
| [[:d:Q91255530|Q91255530]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q117249231|Ilona Stengel]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1983
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ilona_stengel ilona_stengel]
| [[:d:Q117249231|Q117249231]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759716|Ilona Szabó de Carvalho]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''
| 1978-05-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Bhrasaíl]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ilona_szabo_de_carvalho ilona_szabo_de_carvalho]
| [[:d:Q23759716|Q23759716]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Web Summit 2018 - Centre Stage - Day 2, November 7 DSC 5287 (44853624505) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q230484|Imogen Heap]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Léiritheoir ceoil|léiritheoir ceirníní]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1294626|ealaíontóir ceoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q55960555|ealaíontóir taifeadta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1977-12-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/imogen_heap imogen_heap]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/487 487]
| [[:d:Q230484|Q230484]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1139870|Improv Everywhere]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/improv_everywhere improv_everywhere]
| [[:d:Q1139870|Q1139870]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Imran Chaudhri 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q51046824|Imran Chaudhri]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1973
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/imran_chaudhri imran_chaudhri]
| [[:d:Q51046824|Q51046824]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:InaraGeorge2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q274117|Inara George]]''
| ceoltóir Meiriceánach
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''
| 1974-07-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/inara_george inara_george]
| [[:d:Q274117|Q274117]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ines Pedras Architekten und Planer Albretch in Denmark Hall Exhibition.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q104034316|Ines J. Pedras]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Spáinn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/imported imported]
| [[:d:Q104034316|Q104034316]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795297|Inge Missmahl]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/inge_missmahl inge_missmahl]
| [[:d:Q23795297|Q23795297]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Íngrid Betancourt (2014) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Íngrid Betancourt|Ingrid Betancourt]]
| polaiteoir de chuid na Colóime
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1961-12-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Cholóim]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Na Séiséil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ingrid_betancourt ingrid_betancourt]
| [[:d:Q152472|Q152472]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q120606787|Ingrid Fetell Lee]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ingrid_fetell_lee ingrid_fetell_lee]
| [[:d:Q120606787|Q120606787]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q108444407|Ione Wells]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15973695|political reporter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q22976182|television journalist]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ione_wells ione_wells]
| [[:d:Q108444407|Q108444407]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Iqbal Quadir.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3347269|Iqbal Quadir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11960402|propriétaire d'entreprise]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1958-08-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/iqbal_quadir iqbal_quadir]
| [[:d:Q3347269|Q3347269]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Irina Karamanos retrato oficial.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q110221567|Irina Karamanos]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15319501|eolaí sóisialta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''
| 1989-10-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an tSile]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/irina_karamanos_adrian irina_karamanos_adrian]
| [[:d:Q110221567|Q110221567]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q89307223|Irina Kareva]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/irina_kareva irina_kareva]
| [[:d:Q89307223|Q89307223]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Iredlener-photo small.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6075109|Irwin Redlener]]''
| gníomhaí Meiriceánach
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]
| 1944-08-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/irwin_redlener irwin_redlener]
| [[:d:Q6075109|Q6075109]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4578334|Isaac Lidsky]]''
| 
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1979-07-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/isaac_lidsky isaac_lidsky]
| [[:d:Q4578334|Q4578334]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Isaac Mizrahi (12852).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1673431|Isaac Mizrahi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q667982|creative director]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3501317|dearthóir faisin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1961-10-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/isaac_mizrahi isaac_mizrahi]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/312 312]
| [[:d:Q1673431|Q1673431]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Isabel Allende Frankfurter Buchmesse 2015 (cropped).JPG|center|128px]]
| [[Isabel Allende]]
| scríbhneoir Sileach
| [[úrscéalaí]]
| 1942-08-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an tSile]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/isabel_allende isabel_allende]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/181 181]
| [[:d:Q83566|Q83566]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Isabel B Congo Bonobo.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18684694|Isabel Behncke]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16825962|eolaí príomhach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16831721|eiteolaí]]''
| 1976-11-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an tSile]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/isabel_behncke_izquierdo isabel_behncke_izquierdo]
| [[:d:Q18684694|Q18684694]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Isabel wilkerson 2010.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6077806|Isabel Wilkerson]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1961
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/isabel_wilkerson isabel_wilkerson]
| [[:d:Q6077806|Q6077806]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q125141065|Isabella Kirkland]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]
| 1954
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/isabella_kirkland isabella_kirkland]
| [[:d:Q125141065|Q125141065]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Isabelle Boemeke (2024) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q106290121|Isabelle Boemeke]]''
| 
| [[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]&lt;br/&gt;[[tionchaire]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Bhrasaíl]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/isabelle_boemeke isabelle_boemeke]
| [[:d:Q106290121|Q106290121]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q124812502|Isadora Kosofsky]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q957729|fóta-iriseoir]]''
| 1993
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/isadora_kosofsky isadora_kosofsky]
| [[:d:Q124812502|Q124812502]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Isha Datar (29669893021) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q111293082|Isha Datar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q864835|biteicneolaí]]''
| 1988-01-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/isha_datar isha_datar]
| [[:d:Q111293082|Q111293082]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23760196|Ismael Nazario]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ismael_nazario ismael_nazario]
| [[:d:Q23760196|Q23760196]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Itay Talgam02.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6094174|Itay Talgam]]''
| stiúrthóir Iosraelach
| ''[[:d:Q158852|stiúrthóir ceolfhoirne]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''
| 1958
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Iosrael]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/itay_talgam itay_talgam]
| [[:d:Q6094174|Q6094174]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ivan Coyote.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6096094|Ivan Coyote]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17378128|file ó bhéal]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[file]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1969-08-11
| [[Inscne neamhdhénártha|neamh-dhénártha]]
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ivan_coyote ivan_coyote]
| [[:d:Q6096094|Q6096094]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ivan Krastev (48049273052) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2340462|Ivan Krastev]]''
| eolaí polaitíochta Bulgárach
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1965-01-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Bhulgáir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ivan_krastev ivan_krastev]
| [[:d:Q2340462|Q2340462]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662491|Ivan Oransky]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Rúis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ivan_oransky ivan_oransky]
| [[:d:Q23662491|Q23662491]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:NEXT Conference 2024 (54023049561).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q130418516|Ivan Poupyrev]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tAontas Sóivéadach]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ivan_poupyrev ivan_poupyrev]
| [[:d:Q130418516|Q130418516]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Iwan at Rock Garden.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3156399|Iwan Baan]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3381574|architectural photographer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 1975-02-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29999|Ríocht na hÍsiltíre]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/iwan_baan iwan_baan]
| [[:d:Q3156399|Q3156399]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Iyad Rahwan (24346536449).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q29453267|Iyad Rahwan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1978
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSiria]]&lt;br/&gt;[[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/iyad_rahwan iyad_rahwan]
| [[:d:Q29453267|Q29453267]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:VancePortrait.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[J. D. Vance]]
| polaiteoir agus údar Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1979607|airgeadaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1642960|tráchtaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2262551|corporate lawyer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q215536|ceannaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4270517|sciálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3791825|ideologue]]''
| 1984-08-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jd_vance jd_vance]
| [[:d:Q28935729|Q28935729]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:J. J. Abrams (23175170706) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q188137|J. J. Abrams]]''
| stiúrthóir scannán Meiriceánach (1966-)
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2059704|stiúrthóir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13235160|monaróir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1415090|cumadóir scóir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1053574|léiritheoir feidhmiúcháin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1440873|ceannléiritheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3455803|stiúrthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q47541952|leiritheóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q69423232|scríbhneoir scripte scannáin]]''
| 1966-06-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/j_j_abrams j_j_abrams]
| [[:d:Q188137|Q188137]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:J. K. Rowling 2010.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[J. K. Rowling]]
| 
| [[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q111597957|anti-transgender activist]]''
| 1965-07-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jk_rowling jk_rowling]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/661 661]
| [[:d:Q34660|Q34660]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dr. Marshall Shepherd in 2004 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16205502|J. Marshall Shepherd]]''
| meitéareolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q2310145|meitéareolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/j_marshall_shepherd j_marshall_shepherd]
| [[:d:Q16205502|Q16205502]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:-rpTEN - Tag 1 (26171481963).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12318774|J.P. Rangaswami]]''
| fear gnó Indiach
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1957-11-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jp_rangaswami jp_rangaswami]
| [[:d:Q12318774|Q12318774]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657167|JD Schramm]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jd_schramm jd_schramm]
| [[:d:Q23657167|Q23657167]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:JR (artist) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1312565|JR]]''
| ealaíontóir Francach
| ''[[:d:Q19890761|artivist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15095148|ealaíontóir graifítí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21477194|contemporary artist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''
| 1983-02-22&lt;br/&gt;1986
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jr jr]
| [[:d:Q1312565|Q1312565]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769228|Jaap de Roode]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jaap_de_roode jaap_de_roode]
| [[:d:Q23769228|Q23769228]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782383|Jacek Utko]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jacek_utko jacek_utko]
| [[:d:Q23782383|Q23782383]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jack Andraka 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2626989|Jack Andraka]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q30086937|cancer researcher]]''
| 1997-01-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jack_andraka jack_andraka]
| [[:d:Q2626989|Q2626989]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657134|Jack Choi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jack_choi jack_choi]
| [[:d:Q23657134|Q23657134]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jack Conte 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q14648645|Jack Conte]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17125263|cruthaitheoir YouTube]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4351403|cnagcheoltóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q855091|giotáraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''
| 1984-07-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jack_conte jack_conte]
| [[:d:Q14648645|Q14648645]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Remarks by Mr. Jack Dangermond at the Geographic Information Systems Conference (2).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3157158|Jack Dangermond]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q901402|tíreolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1945
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jack_dangermond jack_dangermond]
| [[:d:Q3157158|Q3157158]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jack Dorsey 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q335552|Jack Dorsey]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5482740|ríomhchláraitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q125471676|tech VIP]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1062083|billionaire]]''
| 1976-11-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jack_dorsey jack_dorsey]
| [[:d:Q335552|Q335552]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jack Horner.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q247264|Jack Horner]]''
| pailé-ointeolaí Meiriceánach
| [[geolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1662561|pailé-ointeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16271064|heirpiteolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1946-06-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jack_horner jack_horner]
| [[:d:Q247264|Q247264]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23729170|Jackie Savitz]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jackie_savitz jackie_savitz]
| [[:d:Q23729170|Q23729170]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:RabbiJackieTabick.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6116680|Jackie Tabick]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q133485|raibí]]''
| 1948
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jackie_tabick jackie_tabick]
| [[:d:Q6116680|Q6116680]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:JacksonBrowne3.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q355009|Jackson Browne]]''
| amhránaí agus cumadóir Meiriceánach
| [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q855091|giotáraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1075651|méarchláraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13235160|monaróir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q55960555|ealaíontóir taifeadta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 1948-10-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jackson_brown jackson_brown]
| [[:d:Q355009|Q355009]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6117187|Jackson Katz]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]
| 1960-05-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jackson_katz jackson_katz]
| [[:d:Q6117187|Q6117187]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jacob Collier -1180632.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q24900882|Jacob Collier]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Léiritheoir ceoil|léiritheoir ceirníní]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]
| 1994-08-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jacob_collier jacob_collier]
| [[:d:Q24900882|Q24900882]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jacqueline Novogratz DJO2709.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q924979|Jacqueline Novogratz]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q806798|baincéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1416279|anailísí airgeadais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15978655|sainchomhairleoir]]''
| 1961-03-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jacqueline_novogratz jacqueline_novogratz]
| [[:d:Q924979|Q924979]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:2018-us-nationalbookfestival-jacqueline-woodson.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6120237|Jacqueline Woodson]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[file]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1963-02-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jacqueline_woodson jacqueline_woodson]
| [[:d:Q6120237|Q6120237]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jad Abumrad.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2856132|Jad Abumrad]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2722764|pearsa raidió]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1973-04-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jad_abumrad jad_abumrad]
| [[:d:Q2856132|Q2856132]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19663314|Jae Rhim Lee]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1975
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jae_rhim_lee jae_rhim_lee]
| [[:d:Q19663314|Q19663314]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Фото Игорь Катаев 1-1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q923927|Jaime Lerner]]''
| polaiteoir agus ailtire Brasaíleach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131062|pleanálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1937-12-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Bhrasaíl]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jaime_lerner jaime_lerner]
| [[:d:Q923927|Q923927]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jake Barton in Local Projects, Aug 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17386582|Jake Barton]]''
| ealaíontóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1972-11-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jake_barton jake_barton]
| [[:d:Q17386582|Q17386582]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662959|Jake Wood]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jake_wood jake_wood]
| [[:d:Q23662959|Q23662959]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q89526310|Jakob Magolan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jakob_magolan jakob_magolan]
| [[:d:Q89526310|Q89526310]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jakob Trollbäck.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6215569|Jakob Trollbäck]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1959-10-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSualainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jakob_trollback jakob_trollback]
| [[:d:Q6215569|Q6215569]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jamais Cascio 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q22277279|Jamais Cascio]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q54845077|role-playing game designer]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jamais_cascio jamais_cascio]
| [[:d:Q22277279|Q22277279]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rev James A Forbes speaking 2006.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6128099|James A. Forbes]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1234713|diagaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15995642|ceannaire reiligiúnach]]''
| 1935-09-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/james_forbes james_forbes]
| [[:d:Q6128099|Q6128099]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23760213|James A. White Sr.]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/james_a_white_sr james_a_white_sr]
| [[:d:Q23760213|Q23760213]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23671470|James B. Glattfelder]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/james_b_glattfelder james_b_glattfelder]
| [[:d:Q23671470|Q23671470]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:James Balog Iceland.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6129316|James Balog]]''
| grianghrafadóir Meiriceánach
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1952-07-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/james_balog james_balog]
| [[:d:Q6129316|Q6129316]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:James Beacham - Kolkata 2023-12-19 9686.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q67466997|James Beacham]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/james_beacham james_beacham]
| [[:d:Q67466997|Q67466997]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Re publica 2015 - Tag 1 (17379378221).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q20683898|James Bridle]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18074503|ealaíontóir suiteáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]
| 1980-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/james_bridle james_bridle]
| [[:d:Q20683898|Q20683898]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769563|James Burchfield]]''
| 
| [[ceoltóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/james_burchfield james_burchfield]
| [[:d:Q23769563|Q23769563]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Avatar The Way of Water Tokyo Press Conference James Cameron (52563430565) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[James Cameron (stiúrthóir scannán)|James Cameron]]
| stiúrthóir scannán Ceanadach
| [[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7042855|eagarthóir scannán]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3455803|stiúrthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12362622|daonchara]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11900058|taiscéalaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q69423232|scríbhneoir scripte scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q47541952|leiritheóir]]''
| 1954-08-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/james_cameron james_cameron]
| [[:d:Q42574|Q42574]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:James Hansen profile (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q724095|James Edward Hansen]]''
| fisiceoir Meiriceánach
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1113838|clíomeolaí]]''
| 1941-03-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/james_hansen james_hansen]
| [[:d:Q724095|Q724095]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jim Flynn Political Studies University of Otago.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1383120|James Flynn]]''
| eolaí polaitíochta Nua-Shéalannach (1934–2020)
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1934-04-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Nua-Shéalainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jim_flynn jim_flynn]
| [[:d:Q1383120|Q1383120]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:James Geary 1051144.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6134546|James Geary]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1962
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/james_geary james_geary]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/478 478]
| [[:d:Q6134546|Q6134546]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q9010694|James H. Fallon]]''
| néareolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[néareolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q211346|síciatraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1947-10-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jim_fallon jim_fallon]
| [[:d:Q9010694|Q9010694]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jim Simons at MSRI.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q560847|James Harris Simons]]''
| 
| [[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1979607|airgeadaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15442776|cripteagrafaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q683476|financial adviser]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12362622|daonchara]]''
| 1938-04-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jim_simons jim_simons]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/2417 2417]
| [[:d:Q560847|Q560847]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6136003|James Heywood]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''
| 1966-10-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jamie_heywood jamie_heywood]
| [[:d:Q6136003|Q6136003]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jim w mustache.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q962004|James Howard Kunstler]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18844224|scríbhneoir ficsean eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 1948-10-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/james_howard_kunstler james_howard_kunstler]
| [[:d:Q962004|Q962004]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23712699|James Lyne]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q123577390|cybersecurity specialist]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/james_lyne james_lyne]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1472 1472]
| [[:d:Q23712699|Q23712699]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nachtwey MSK2011.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q437013|James Nachtwey]]''
| grianghrafadóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q11496048|grianghrafadóir cogaidh]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q957729|fóta-iriseoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1948-03-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/james_nachtwey james_nachtwey]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/84 84]
| [[:d:Q437013|Q437013]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:James Patten (24375372394).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23748686|James Patten]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11977439|interaction designer]]''
| 1977
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/james_patten james_patten]
| [[:d:Q23748686|Q23748686]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Preferred official head-shot from James Randi Educational Foundation.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q294918|James Randi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15855449|draíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1658894|doilfeoir]]''
| 1928-08-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/james_randi james_randi]
| [[:d:Q294918|Q294918]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Admiral Stavridis in the remote studio at The Fletcher School.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q116464|James Stavridis]]''
| aimiréal Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q10669499|oifigeach cabhlaigh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[mairnéalach]]&lt;br/&gt;[[saighdiúir]]
| 1955-02-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/james_stavridis james_stavridis]
| [[:d:Q116464|Q116464]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:JamesSurowieckiMUleft.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1496028|James Surowiecki]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1967-04-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/james_surowiecki james_surowiecki]
| [[:d:Q1496028|Q1496028]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:James Thornton, 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6144245|James Thornton]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q978044|feidhmeannach]]''
| 1954
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/james_thornton james_thornton]
| [[:d:Q6144245|Q6144245]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6144629|James Veitch]]''
| 
| [[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3387717|stiúrthóir drámaíochta]]''
| 1980-04-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/james_veitch james_veitch]
| [[:d:Q6144629|Q6144629]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:James D Watson.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[James Watson]]
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3126128|géineolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q350979|míoleolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bithcheimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839206|bitheolaí móilíneach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14906342|bithfhisiceoir]]''
| 1928-04-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/james_watson james_watson]
| [[:d:Q83333|Q83333]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jamey Stillings.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q106946796|Jamey Stillings]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jamey_stillings jamey_stillings]
| [[:d:Q106946796|Q106946796]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jamie Bartlett in conversation with Inotai Edit at CASM 14.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q20675953|Jamie Bartlett]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''
| 1979
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jamie_bartlett jamie_bartlett]
| [[:d:Q20675953|Q20675953]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662542|Jamie Drummond]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jamie_drummond jamie_drummond]
| [[:d:Q23662542|Q23662542]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jamie Oliver (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q190051|Jamie Oliver]]''
| cócaire Sasanach
| ''[[:d:Q3499072|chef]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3427922|bialannaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q27431213|scríbhneoir cócaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17125263|cruthaitheoir YouTube]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''
| 1975-05-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jamie_oliver jamie_oliver]
| [[:d:Q190051|Q190051]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q55264825|Jamie Paik]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3437279|roboticist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jamie_paik jamie_paik]
| [[:d:Q55264825|Q55264825]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795294|Jamil Abu-Wardeh]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jamil_abu_wardeh jamil_abu_wardeh]
| [[:d:Q23795294|Q23795294]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jamil Zaki Stanford October 2024.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q76643244|Jamil Zaki]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jamil_zaki jamil_zaki]
| [[:d:Q76643244|Q76643244]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Portrait de Jamila Gordon2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q106919199|Jamila Gordon]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an tSomáil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jamila_gordon jamila_gordon]
| [[:d:Q106919199|Q106919199]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759680|Jamila Lyiscott]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jamila_lyiscott jamila_lyiscott]
| [[:d:Q23759680|Q23759680]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q111145278|Jamila Raqib]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jamila_raqib jamila_raqib]
| [[:d:Q111145278|Q111145278]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6148692|Jan Chipchase]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jan_chipchase jan_chipchase]
| [[:d:Q6148692|Q6148692]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q116487988|Jan Rader]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5451558|fire chief]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jan_k_rader jan_k_rader]
| [[:d:Q116487988|Q116487988]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jane Marie Chen, 2012 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6151247|Jane Chen]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1978-12-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jane_chen jane_chen]
| [[:d:Q6151247|Q6151247]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jane Ferguson Head Shot.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q56274344|Jane Ferguson]]''
| iriseoir as Tuaisceart Éireann
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1984-09-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jane_ferguson jane_ferguson]
| [[:d:Q56274344|Q56274344]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jane Fonda Cannes 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Jane Fonda]]
| ban-aisteoir agus gníomhaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|aisteoir stáitse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18814623|dírbheathaisnéisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''
| 1937-12-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jane_fonda jane_fonda]
| [[:d:Q41142|Q41142]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Johanna lohr jane-goodall.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q184746|Jane Goodall]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16831721|eiteolaí]]''
| 1934-04-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jane_goodall jane_goodall]
| [[:d:Q184746|Q184746]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jane McGonigal Meet the Media Guru 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2699296|Jane McGonigal]]''
| ealaíontóir Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3630699|dearthóir cluichí]]''
| 1977-10-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jane_mcgonigal jane_mcgonigal]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/600 600]
| [[:d:Q2699296|Q2699296]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Champions for Change photo.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6152636|Jane Poynter]]''
| comhshaolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1962
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jane_poynter jane_poynter]
| [[:d:Q6152636|Q6152636]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q66497786|Janelle Shane]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1327627|electrotechnician]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/janelle_shane janelle_shane]
| [[:d:Q66497786|Q66497786]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Janet Echelman.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2346435|Janet Echelman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''
| 1966-02-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/janet_echelman janet_echelman]
| [[:d:Q2346435|Q2346435]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23729136|Janet Iwasa]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839136|bitheolaí ceall]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q266569|beochantóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bithcheimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1978
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/janet_iwasa janet_iwasa]
| [[:d:Q23729136|Q23729136]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Janette Sadik-Khan.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6153709|Janette Sadik-Khan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[saineolaí dlí]]
| 1961-04-28&lt;br/&gt;1961
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/janette_sadik_khan janette_sadik_khan]
| [[:d:Q6153709|Q6153709]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3161983|Janine Benyus]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18805|nádúraí]]''
| 1958
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/janine_benyus janine_benyus]
| [[:d:Q3161983|Q3161983]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Janine Shepherd.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6154579|Janine Shepherd]]''
| sciálaí trastíre Astrálach
| ''[[:d:Q4270517|sciálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15982858|cainteoir inspreagtha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2095549|eitleoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6051619|iriseoir tuairime]]''
| 1962-01-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/janine_shepherd janine_shepherd]
| [[:d:Q6154579|Q6154579]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Janine di Giovanni at the International Journalism Festival 2024 in Perugia, Italy (cropped2).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1304314|Janine di Giovanni]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q164236|comhfhreagraí cogaidh]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1961
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/janine_di_giovanni janine_di_giovanni]
| [[:d:Q1304314|Q1304314]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Beyond the Cradle 2019 Janna Levin (47422163091).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6155075|Janna Levin]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19350898|fisiceoir teoiriciúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[matamaiticeoir]]
| 1967
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/janna_levin janna_levin]
| [[:d:Q6155075|Q6155075]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jared diamond.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q205772|Jared Diamond]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2055046|fiseolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q901402|tíreolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1225716|éaneolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839134|éiceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15143191|cumarsáidí eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1937-09-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jared_diamond jared_diamond]
| [[:d:Q205772|Q205772]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657161|Jared Ficklin]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jared_ficklin jared_ficklin]
| [[:d:Q23657161|Q23657161]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jaron Lanier 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q92862|Jaron Lanier]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5482740|ríomhchláraitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11774202|scríbhneoir aistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''
| 1960-05-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jaron_lanier jaron_lanier]
| [[:d:Q92862|Q92862]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jarreth Merz 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1683706|Jarreth Merz]]''
| 
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|aisteoir stáitse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''
| 1970-05-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Eilvéis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Gána]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jarreth_merz jarreth_merz]
| [[:d:Q1683706|Q1683706]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jarrett Krosoczka (10747).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6161021|Jarrett J. Krosoczka]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]''
| 1977-12-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jarrett_j_krosoczka jarrett_j_krosoczka]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1511 1511]
| [[:d:Q6161021|Q6161021]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795288|Jason Clay]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jason_clay jason_clay]
| [[:d:Q23795288|Q23795288]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795888|Jason Fried]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jason_fried jason_fried]
| [[:d:Q23795888|Q23795888]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662557|Jason McCue]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jason_mccue jason_mccue]
| [[:d:Q23662557|Q23662557]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q112526488|Jason Michael Webb]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q822146|liriceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1198887|stiúrthóir ceoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3922505|DJ producer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1643514|cóiritheoir ceoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3355249|orchestrator]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q158852|stiúrthóir ceolfhoirne]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jason_webb jason_webb]
| [[:d:Q112526488|Q112526488]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jason Pontin.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6163277|Jason Pontin]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16023665|caipitlí fiontair]]''
| 1967-05-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jason_pontin jason_pontin]
| [[:d:Q6163277|Q6163277]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1684006|Jason deCaires Taylor]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7541856|criadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1974-08-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jason_decaires_taylor jason_decaires_taylor]
| [[:d:Q1684006|Q1684006]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Javed Aktar 2010.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2319562|Javed Akhtar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[file]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q822146|liriceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1945-01-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Réimeas Briotanach|an Réimeas Briotanach]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/javed_akhtar javed_akhtar]
| [[:d:Q2319562|Q2319562]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jawad-Sharif.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q123126708|Jawad Sharif]]''
| 
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7042855|eagarthóir scannán]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jawad_sharif jawad_sharif]
| [[:d:Q123126708|Q123126708]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23656752|Jay Bradner]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jay_bradner jay_bradner]
| [[:d:Q23656752|Q23656752]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jay Walker.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6167147|Jay S. Walker]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1955-11-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jay_walker jay_walker]
| [[:d:Q6167147|Q6167147]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19667282|Jay Silver]]''
| 
| 
| 1979-09-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jay_silver jay_silver]
| [[:d:Q19667282|Q19667282]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657155|Jean-Baptiste Michel]]''
| 
| [[matamaiticeoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jean_baptiste_michel jean_baptiste_michel]
| [[:d:Q23657155|Q23657155]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jean-Paul Mari.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3168596|Jean-Paul Mari]]''
| scríbhneoir Francach
| ''[[:d:Q164236|comhfhreagraí cogaidh]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1950-10-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jean_paul_mari jean_paul_mari]
| [[:d:Q3168596|Q3168596]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jeanette Winterson 02.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q233584|Jeanette Winterson]]''
| scríbhneoir Sasanach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18844224|scríbhneoir ficsean eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15949613|gearrscéalaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12144794|scríbhneoir próis]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q214917|drámadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q73306227|scríbhneoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1959-08-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jeanette_winterson jeanette_winterson]
| [[:d:Q233584|Q233584]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jeanne Gang.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q444257|Jeanne Gang]]''
| ailtire
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1964-03-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jeanne_gang jeanne_gang]
| [[:d:Q444257|Q444257]]
|-
| 
| [[Jeannie Suk]]
| dlíodóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q63677188|ollamh le dlí]]''
| 1973
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jeannie_suk_gersen jeannie_suk_gersen]
| [[:d:Q6172378|Q6172378]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23760219|Jedidah Isler]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jedidah_isler jedidah_isler]
| [[:d:Q23760219|Q23760219]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jeff Bezos at Amazon Spheres Grand Opening in Seattle - 2018 (39074799225) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q312556|Jeff Bezos]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2868586|commercial astronaut]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2006045|business oligarch]]''
| 1964-01-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jeff_bezos jeff_bezos]
| [[:d:Q312556|Q312556]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662685|Jeff Hancock]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q26759595|communication scholar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jeff_hancock jeff_hancock]
| [[:d:Q23662685|Q23662685]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jeff Hawkins by Jeff Kubina.jpeg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q92993|Jeff Hawkins]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 1957-06-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jeff_hawkins jeff_hawkins]
| [[:d:Q92993|Q92993]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23768700|Jeff Iliff]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jeff_iliff jeff_iliff]
| [[:d:Q23768700|Q23768700]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jeff Skoll 2013 (5576999744).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q710924|Jeff Skoll]]''
| 
| [[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2462658|bainisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q557880|infheisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12362622|daonchara]]''
| 1965-01-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jeff_skoll jeff_skoll]
| [[:d:Q710924|Q710924]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jeffsmithedited-400x600.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15498191|Jeff Smith]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1973-12-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jeff_smith jeff_smith]
| [[:d:Q15498191|Q15498191]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23713807|Jeff Speck]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131062|pleanálaí]]''
| 1963-08-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jeff_speck jeff_speck]
| [[:d:Q23713807|Q23713807]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Table-cum-touch display.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6175484|Jefferson Han]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1975
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jeff_han jeff_han]
| [[:d:Q6175484|Q6175484]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23760258|Jeffrey Brown]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rev_jeffrey_brown rev_jeffrey_brown]
| [[:d:Q23760258|Q23760258]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jeffrey Kluger.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1686458|Jeffrey Kluger]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q876864|eagarthóir rannchuidithe]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''
| 1954-05-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jeffrey_kluger jeffrey_kluger]
| [[:d:Q1686458|Q1686458]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jehane Noujaim.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2264148|Jehane Noujaim]]''
| 
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3455803|stiúrthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''
| 1974-05-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jehane_noujaim jehane_noujaim]
| [[:d:Q2264148|Q2264148]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:HeadshotNew.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15429153|Jen Golbeck]]''
| ríomheolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1976-12-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jennifer_golbeck jennifer_golbeck]
| [[:d:Q15429153|Q15429153]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q92483311|Jenna Lester]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jenna_c_lester jenna_c_lester]
| [[:d:Q92483311|Q92483311]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6177767|Jenna McCarthy]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jenna_mccarthy jenna_mccarthy]
| [[:d:Q6177767|Q6177767]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:WorldPride 2017 - Madrid Summit - 170626 182102.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23809207|Jenni Chang &amp; Lisa Dazols]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jenni_chang_and_lisa_dazols jenni_chang_and_lisa_dazols]
| [[:d:Q23809207|Q23809207]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jennifer 8. Lee, Portrait 2017 2 (cropped) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q702510|Jennifer 8. Lee]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1976-03-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jennifer_8_lee jennifer_8_lee]
| [[:d:Q702510|Q702510]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dr. Jennifer Aaker (2013).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6178057|Jennifer Aaker]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q84506120|business administration scholar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]
| 1967-01-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jennifer_aaker jennifer_aaker]
| [[:d:Q6178057|Q6178057]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q24578998|Jennifer Brea]]''
| 
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3455803|stiúrthóir]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jen_brea jen_brea]
| [[:d:Q24578998|Q24578998]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Professor Jennifer Doudna ForMemRS (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q56068|Jennifer Doudna]]''
| bithcheimiceoir Meiriceánach
| [[bithcheimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839206|bitheolaí móilíneach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15142825|criostalagrafaí]]''
| 1964-02-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jennifer_doudna jennifer_doudna]
| [[:d:Q56068|Q56068]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18098124|Jennifer Eberhardt]]''
| síceolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16012028|scoláire dlí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1965
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jennifer_eberhardt jennifer_eberhardt]
| [[:d:Q18098124|Q18098124]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Secretary Jennifer Granholm (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q234994|Jennifer Granholm]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18581305|iomaitheoir i gcomórtas áilleachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[breitheamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''
| 1959-02-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jennifer_granholm jennifer_granholm]
| [[:d:Q234994|Q234994]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jennifer Granick.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6178367|Jennifer Granick]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1969-06-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jennifer_granick jennifer_granick]
| [[:d:Q6178367|Q6178367]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jen Gunter CSICon 2018 Vaginal Snake Oil Profiteers, from Paltrow to the Patriarchy.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q40736296|Jennifer Gunter]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2640827|gínéiceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13638192|obstatraí]]''
| 1966-09-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jen_gunter jen_gunter]
| [[:d:Q40736296|Q40736296]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q59208749|Jennifer H Walsh]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jen_walsh jen_walsh]
| [[:d:Q59208749|Q59208749]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:TNW Conference 2014 - Jennifer Healey (14014859332) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23713350|Jennifer Healey]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jennifer_healey jennifer_healey]
| [[:d:Q23713350|Q23713350]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jennifer Holmgren at Sustainable Development Impact Summit 2021.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q114874308|Jennifer Holmgren]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''
| 1962
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jennifer_holmgren jennifer_holmgren]
| [[:d:Q114874308|Q114874308]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q61138464|Jennifer Kahn]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''
| 1986
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jennifer_kahn jennifer_kahn]
| [[:d:Q61138464|Q61138464]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q91955096|Jennifer L. Pluznick]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jennifer_pluznick jennifer_pluznick]
| [[:d:Q91955096|Q91955096]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6178542|Jennifer Lin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''
| 1990
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jennifer_lin jennifer_lin]
| [[:d:Q6178542|Q6178542]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q98285075|Jennifer Louise Petriglieri]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jennifer_petriglieri jennifer_petriglieri]
| [[:d:Q98285075|Q98285075]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q84201612|Jennifer Nuzzo]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|eipidéimeolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jennifer_b_nuzzo jennifer_b_nuzzo]
| [[:d:Q84201612|Q84201612]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jennifer Pahlka of Code for America, speaking at the opening of Open Up!.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6178697|Jennifer Pahlka]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1969-12-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jen_pahlka jen_pahlka]
| [[:d:Q6178697|Q6178697]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23728486|Jennifer Senior]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1086863|colúnaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4263842|léirmheastóir liteartha]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jennifer_senior jennifer_senior]
| [[:d:Q23728486|Q23728486]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jennifer Wilcox .jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q60197318|Jennifer Wilcox]]''
| 
| [[ceimiceoir]]
| 1974-07-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jen_wilcox jen_wilcox]
| [[:d:Q60197318|Q60197318]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jennifer Zhu Scott at Global Technology Governance Summit 2021.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q62050613|Jennifer Zhu Scott]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jennifer_zhu_scott jennifer_zhu_scott]
| [[:d:Q62050613|Q62050613]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jer Thorp - PopTech 2012 - Camden Maine USA (8102975934) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23662183|Jer Thorp]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jer_thorp jer_thorp]
| [[:d:Q23662183|Q23662183]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jeremy Gilley (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1653797|Jeremy Gilley]]''
| 
| [[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|aisteoir stáitse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16323111|gníomhaí síochána]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3455803|stiúrthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]
| 1969
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jeremy_gilley jeremy_gilley]
| [[:d:Q1653797|Q1653797]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jeremy Heimans Purpose Co-founder CEO.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16729741|Jeremy Heimans]]''
| gníomhaí Astrálach
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11499147|gníomhaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1977
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jeremy_heimans jeremy_heimans]
| [[:d:Q16729741|Q16729741]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jeremy Howard.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6181501|Jeremy Howard]]''
| fear gnó Astrálach
| ''[[:d:Q29169143|eolaí sonraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1231865|oideolaí]]''
| 1973-11-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jeremy_howard jeremy_howard]
| [[:d:Q6181501|Q6181501]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:JeremyJackson1243.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15485171|Jeremy Jackson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3640160|bitheolaí muirí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16037036|paleobiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3546255|aigéaneolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1942-11-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jeremy_jackson jeremy_jackson]
| [[:d:Q15485171|Q15485171]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jeremy Rifkin, 2009 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q505154|Jeremy Rifkin]]''
| eacnamaí Meiriceánach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12047093|prognostician]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6051619|iriseoir tuairime]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''
| 1945-01-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jeremy_rifkin jeremy_rifkin]
| [[:d:Q505154|Q505154]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q56871312|Jerome H Kim]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jerome_h_kim jerome_h_kim]
| [[:d:Q56871312|Q56871312]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jesper Brodin (born 1968) at Sustainable Development Impact Summit 2021.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q56305687|Jesper Brodin]]''
| fear gnó agus fiontraí Sualannach
| [[príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1968
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSualainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jesper_brodin jesper_brodin]
| [[:d:Q56305687|Q56305687]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6186043|Jessa Gamble]]''
| údar
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''
| 1979-04-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jessa_gamble jessa_gamble]
| [[:d:Q6186043|Q6186043]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q20966512|Jesse J. Perez]]''
| 
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2490358|cóiréagrafaí]]''
| 1977
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jesse_j_perez jesse_j_perez]
| [[:d:Q20966512|Q20966512]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jesse Schell (4670646737).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6186836|Jesse Schell]]''
| dearthóir físchluichí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q183888|forbróir bogearraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1970-06-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jesse_schell jesse_schell]
| [[:d:Q6186836|Q6186836]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23656726|Jessi Arrington]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jessi_arrington jessi_arrington]
| [[:d:Q23656726|Q23656726]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jessica Green visits the Center for Total Health 39089 (13428328504).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21062122|Jessica Green]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jessica_green jessica_green]
| [[:d:Q21062122|Q21062122]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jessica Jackley.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6187288|Jessica Jackley]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2462658|bainisteoir]]''
| 1977-10-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jessica_jackley jessica_jackley]
| [[:d:Q6187288|Q6187288]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783057|Jessica Shortall]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1900&lt;br/&gt;20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jessica_shortall jessica_shortall]
| [[:d:Q23783057|Q23783057]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jessie Christiansen at Palomar Observatory.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q47492985|Jessie Christiansen]]''
| 
| [[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jessie_christiansen jessie_christiansen]
| [[:d:Q47492985|Q47492985]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jessie Reyez - Collision 2019 Toronto (47105669284) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q29898660|Jessie Reyez]]''
| amhránaí agus cumadóir Ceanadach
| [[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q55960555|ealaíontóir taifeadta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''
| 1991-06-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jessie_reyez jessie_reyez]
| [[:d:Q29898660|Q29898660]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q124658950|Jessy Kate Schingler]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q94246114|policy analyst]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jessy_kate_schingler jessy_kate_schingler]
| [[:d:Q124658950|Q124658950]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jherek Bischoff Roxy Theater 18 July 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16199394|Jherek Bischoff]]''
| ceoltóir agus cumadóir Meiriceánach
| [[ceoltóir]]
| 1979-09-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jherek_bischoff jherek_bischoff]
| [[:d:Q16199394|Q16199394]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:증명사진 jiha.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16887739|Ji-hae Park]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1259917|veidhleadóir]]''
| 1985
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[An Chóiré Theas|Cóiré Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ji_hae_park ji_hae_park]
| [[:d:Q16887739|Q16887739]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q88771643|Jiaying Zhao]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jiaying_zhao jiaying_zhao]
| [[:d:Q88771643|Q88771643]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jill Bolte Taylor - observing a stroke from within.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2550602|Jill Bolte Taylor]]''
| néareolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q10872101|anatamaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]
| 1959-05-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jill_bolte_taylor jill_bolte_taylor]
| [[:d:Q2550602|Q2550602]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15839341|Jill Farrant]]''
| luibheolaí as an Afraic Theas
| ''[[:d:Q15839136|bitheolaí ceall]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|luibheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1961
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Afraic Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jill_farrant jill_farrant]
| [[:d:Q15839341|Q15839341]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:JillHeinerth.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17484182|Jill Heinerth]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q55383113|cave diver]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1235146|déantóir scannán faisnéise]]''
| 1965
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jill_heinerth jill_heinerth]
| [[:d:Q17484182|Q17484182]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759545|Jill Shargaa]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jill_shargaa jill_shargaa]
| [[:d:Q23759545|Q23759545]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jill Sobule 1 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q520324|Jill Sobule]]''
| amhránaí agus cumadóir Meiriceánach
| [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]
| 1959-01-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jill_sobule jill_sobule]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/105 105]
| [[:d:Q520324|Q520324]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jill Tarter at Starmus IV Trondheim 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q445596|Jill Tarter]]''
| réalteolaí Meiriceánach
| [[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''
| 1944-01-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jill_cornell_tarter jill_cornell_tarter]
| [[:d:Q445596|Q445596]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jim Al-Khalili (cropped and shadow enhanced).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q259054|Jim Al-Khalili]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15143191|cumarsáidí eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19350898|fisiceoir teoiriciúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1962-09-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jim_al_khalili jim_al_khalili]
| [[:d:Q259054|Q259054]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jim Chuchu in 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18637239|Jim Chuchu]]''
| ealaíontóir Céiniach
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''
| 1982-08-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Chéinia]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jim_chuchu jim_chuchu]
| [[:d:Q18637239|Q18637239]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jim Hagemann Snabe World Economic Forum 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1350380|Jim Hagemann Snabe]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2462658|bainisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1965-10-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q756617|Ríocht na Danmhairge]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jim_hagemann_snabe jim_hagemann_snabe]
| [[:d:Q1350380|Q1350380]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q13566451|Jim Holt]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''
| 1954-10-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jim_holt jim_holt]
| [[:d:Q13566451|Q13566451]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6198539|Jim Toomey]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1114448|cartúnaí]]''
| 1960-12-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jim_toomey jim_toomey]
| [[:d:Q6198539|Q6198539]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jim VandeHei on Morning Joe.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6198676|Jim VandeHei]]''
| iriseoir agus fear gnó Meiriceánach (rugadh 1971)
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q42909|tuairisceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1971-02-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jim_vandehei jim_vandehei]
| [[:d:Q6198676|Q6198676]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jim Yong Kim (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q313297|Jim Yong Kim]]''
| 
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1959-12-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jim_yong_kim jim_yong_kim]
| [[:d:Q313297|Q313297]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q107295167|Jimmie Briggs]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jimmie_briggs jimmie_briggs]
| [[:d:Q107295167|Q107295167]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Jimmy Carter]]
| 39ú huachtarán na Stát Aontaithe (1977–1981)
| ''[[:d:Q10669499|oifigeach cabhlaigh]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[taidhleoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[feirmeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18814623|dírbheathaisnéisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3492027|mairnéalach fomhuireáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q372436|státaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16323111|gníomhaí síochána]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q22336956|daonnúlach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q115784320|Nobel Prize winner]]''
| 1924-10-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jimmy_carter jimmy_carter]
| [[:d:Q23685|Q23685]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jimmy Nelson (photographer) - TEDxAMS 2014-1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17198658|Jimmy Nelson]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q957729|fóta-iriseoir]]''
| 1967
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jimmy_nelson jimmy_nelson]
| [[:d:Q17198658|Q17198658]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jimmy Wales in New York City March 2023 blurred cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Jimmy Wales]]
| comhbhunaitheoir na Vicipéide agus fiontraí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q41546637|Viciméideoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q215536|ceannaí]]''
| 1966-08-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jimmy_wales jimmy_wales]
| [[:d:Q181|Q181]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23670510|Jinsop Lee]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jinsop_lee jinsop_lee]
| [[:d:Q23670510|Q23670510]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q57409974|Jioji Ravulo]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jioji_ravulo jioji_ravulo]
| [[:d:Q57409974|Q57409974]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18208314|JoAnn Kuchera-Morin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1951
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joann_kuchera_morin joann_kuchera_morin]
| [[:d:Q18208314|Q18208314]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6204680|Joachim de Posada]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15982858|cainteoir inspreagtha]]''
| 1948
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joachim_de_posada joachim_de_posada]
| [[:d:Q6204680|Q6204680]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Joan Blades (2011).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6204866|Joan Blades]]''
| bean ghnó Mheiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1956-03-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joan_blades joan_blades]
| [[:d:Q6204866|Q6204866]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Joan C Williams.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17004429|Joan C. Williams]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1952
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joan_c_williams joan_c_williams]
| [[:d:Q17004429|Q17004429]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Joan Halifax and the Dalai Lama.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3179589|Joan Halifax]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q24262594|scríbhneoir reiligiúnach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1942-07-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joan_halifax joan_halifax]
| [[:d:Q3179589|Q3179589]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Joanne Chory at Salk in 2022 11 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15994359|Joanne Chory]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|luibheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3126128|géineolaí]]''
| 1955-03-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joanne_chory joanne_chory]
| [[:d:Q15994359|Q15994359]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:EPFL Jocelyne Bloch Portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q38548794|Jocelyne Bloch]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q9385011|néaramháinlia]]''
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Eilvéis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jocelyne_bloch jocelyne_bloch]
| [[:d:Q38548794|Q38548794]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jochen Wegner 1MB.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15821109|Jochen Wegner]]''
| iriseoir Gearmánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1969-12-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jochen_wegner jochen_wegner]
| [[:d:Q15821109|Q15821109]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:JodyWilliamsMay2010 headcrop.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q211239|Jody Williams]]''
| 
| [[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16323111|gníomhaí síochána]]''
| 1950-10-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jody_williams jody_williams]
| [[:d:Q211239|Q211239]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Joe-gebbia-2024-cropped.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19560551|Joe Gebbia]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1981-08-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joe_gebbia joe_gebbia]
| [[:d:Q19560551|Q19560551]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23727954|Joe Kowan]]''
| 
| [[ceoltóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joe_kowan joe_kowan]
| [[:d:Q23727954|Q23727954]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18714137|Joe Landolina]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19902880|biomedical engineer]]''
| 1993-01-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joe_landolina joe_landolina]
| [[:d:Q18714137|Q18714137]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Joe Madiath, Skoll Foundation.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6211071|Joe Madiath]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1950-12-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joe_madiath joe_madiath]
| [[:d:Q6211071|Q6211071]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Joe Sabia.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6212143|Joe Sabia]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2059704|stiúrthóir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7042855|eagarthóir scannán]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joe_sabia joe_sabia]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1110 1110]
| [[:d:Q6212143|Q6212143]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662319|Joe Smith]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joe_smith joe_smith]
| [[:d:Q23662319|Q23662319]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6213282|Joel Burns]]''
| polaiteoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1969-02-04&lt;br/&gt;1965-02-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joel_burns joel_burns]
| [[:d:Q6213282|Q6213282]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q47784150|Joel Jackson]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joel_jackson joel_jackson]
| [[:d:Q47784150|Q47784150]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Joel S. Levine NASA headshot.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23785260|Joel Levine]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16742203|pláinéadeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17276189|atmospheric scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q27177003|research professor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1113838|clíomeolaí]]''
| 1942
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joel_levine joel_levine]
| [[:d:Q23785260|Q23785260]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Joel Selanikio at TEDxAustin in 2013 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23671459|Joel Selanikio]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joel_selanikio joel_selanikio]
| [[:d:Q23671459|Q23671459]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Joey Alexander with MPR leader (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19922013|Joey Alexander]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15981151|ceoltóir snagcheoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''
| 2003-06-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Indinéis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joey_alexander joey_alexander]
| [[:d:Q19922013|Q19922013]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Re publica 19 - Day 3 (47015668824).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6075610|Johan Rockström]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3644587|hidreolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1781198|agranamaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16529590|environmental scientist]]''
| 1965-12-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSualainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/johan_rockstrom johan_rockstrom]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/792 792]
| [[:d:Q6075610|Q6075610]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Johannhari.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q437536|Johann Hari]]''
| iriseoir Briotanach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1979-01-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/johann_hari johann_hari]
| [[:d:Q437536|Q437536]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795344|Johanna Blakley]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/johanna_blakley johanna_blakley]
| [[:d:Q23795344|Q23795344]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q116964435|John Biewen]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11814411|documentarian]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_biewen john_biewen]
| [[:d:Q116964435|Q116964435]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:2012-04-21 USA Trip 1574 - NECSS (New York) (7980184439).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6222357|John Bohannon]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_bohannon john_bohannon]
| [[:d:Q6222357|Q6222357]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Webb First Images Broadcast (52272775759).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q104651|John C. Mather]]''
| 
| [[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1946-08-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_c_mather john_c_mather]
| [[:d:Q104651|Q104651]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23796177|John Delaney]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_delaney john_delaney]
| [[:d:Q23796177|Q23796177]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:John Doerr.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1380459|John Doerr]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1951-06-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_doerr john_doerr]
| [[:d:Q1380459|Q1380459]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6233855|John Francis]]''
| comhshaolaí Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 1946
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_francis john_francis]
| [[:d:Q6233855|Q6233855]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q107749673|John Gable]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q56027890|cúntóir polaitíochta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_gable john_gable]
| [[:d:Q107749673|Q107749673]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:John Gerzema (2014).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6235206|John Gerzema]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q16849727|comhairleoir gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1086863|colúnaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6051619|iriseoir tuairime]]''
| 1961
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_gerzema john_gerzema]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/568 568]
| [[:d:Q6235206|Q6235206]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Image of John Graham-Cumming.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3181625|John Graham-Cumming]]''
| ríomhchláraitheoir Briotanach
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5482740|ríomhchláraitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_graham_cumming john_graham_cumming]
| [[:d:Q3181625|Q3181625]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Let's Talk about Money - Vlogbrothers YouTube at 0009 (cropped).png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q630446|John Green]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17125263|cruthaitheoir YouTube]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4263842|léirmheastóir liteartha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6430706|léirmheastóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4110598|físbhlagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q58209937|history teacher]]''
| 1977-08-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_green john_green]
| [[:d:Q630446|Q630446]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23688353|John Hardy]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_hardy john_hardy]
| [[:d:Q23688353|Q23688353]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:John Hockenberry at New America NYC (Dis)Honesty - The Truth About Lies (19962005979) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6239461|John Hockenberry]]''
| iriseoir
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2722764|pearsa raidió]]''
| 1956-06-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_hockenberry john_hockenberry]
| [[:d:Q6239461|Q6239461]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:John Hodgman at BookExpo (05165).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q329372|John Hodgman]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13590141|láithreoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1971-06-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_hodgman john_hodgman]
| [[:d:Q329372|Q329372]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23784955|John Hunter]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_hunter john_hunter]
| [[:d:Q23784955|Q23784955]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783403|John Kasaona]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_kasaona john_kasaona]
| [[:d:Q23783403|Q23783403]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:John F. Kerry.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[John Kerry]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10669499|oifigeach cabhlaigh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[taidhleoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2095549|eitleoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16323111|gníomhaí síochána]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''
| 1943-12-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_kerry john_kerry]
| [[:d:Q22316|Q22316]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q124285668|John Koenig]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_koenig john_koenig]
| [[:d:Q124285668|Q124285668]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:John La Grou at TED 2014 Vancouver.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23783066|John La Grou]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_la_grou john_la_grou]
| [[:d:Q23783066|Q23783066]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:John Legend 2019 by Glenn Francis.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q44857|John Legend]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Léiritheoir ceoil|léiritheoir ceirníní]]
| 1978-12-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_legend john_legend]
| [[:d:Q44857|Q44857]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:John Lewis-2006 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q45380|John Lewis]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q140686|cathaoirleach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''
| 1940-02-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_lewis john_lewis]
| [[:d:Q45380|Q45380]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:John lloyd secret comedy podcast.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q366162|John Lloyd]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]
| 1951-09-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_lloyd john_lloyd]
| [[:d:Q366162|Q366162]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:SXSW-2024-alih-OB7A0084-John Maeda.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q93024|John Maeda]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q627325|dearthóir grafaicí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7016454|ealaíontóir na meán nua]]''
| 1966
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_maeda john_maeda]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/155 155]
| [[:d:Q93024|Q93024]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:JohnMcWhorter.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2468338|John McWhorter]]''
| acadóir agus teangeolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q89675028|criólaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1965-10-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_mcwhorter john_mcwhorter]
| [[:d:Q2468338|Q2468338]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dr. John Gottman 123 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q776341|John Mordechai Gottman]]''
| síceolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1900167|síciteiripeoir]]''
| 1942-04-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_gottman john_gottman]
| [[:d:Q776341|Q776341]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782393|John Q. Walker]]''
| 
| [[ceoltóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_walker john_walker]
| [[:d:Q23782393|Q23782393]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:John Searle speaking at Google 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q295012|John Searle]]''
| fealsamh Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14467526|teangeolaí]]''
| 1932-07-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_searle john_searle]
| [[:d:Q295012|Q295012]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783401|John Underkoffler]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_underkoffler john_underkoffler]
| [[:d:Q23783401|Q23783401]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:John Wilbanks Portrait by Nick Vedros.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2000014|John Wilbanks]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_wilbanks john_wilbanks]
| [[:d:Q2000014|Q2000014]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Johnwooden.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q551032|John Wooden]]''
| bainisteoir cispheile Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q189290|oifigeach míleata]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5137571|cóitseálaí cispheile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3665646|cispheileadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1910-10-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/john_wooden john_wooden]
| [[:d:Q551032|Q551032]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6267100|Johnny Lee]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/johnny_lee johnny_lee]
| [[:d:Q6267100|Q6267100]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Joichi Ito Headshot 2007.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q934616|Joi Ito]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16023665|caipitlí fiontair]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1966-06-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an tSeapáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joi_ito joi_ito]
| [[:d:Q934616|Q934616]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Joia Mukherjee headshot2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6268941|Joia Mukherjee]]''
| 
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1964
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joia_mukherjee joia_mukherjee]
| [[:d:Q6268941|Q6268941]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jok Church.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6269643|Jok Church]]''
| cartúnaí
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]''
| 1949-11-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jok_church jok_church]
| [[:d:Q6269643|Q6269643]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q107364017|Jon Boogz]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2490358|cóiréagrafaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jon_boogz jon_boogz]
| [[:d:Q107364017|Q107364017]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16729389|Jon Gosier]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1981-04-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jon_gosier jon_gosier]
| [[:d:Q16729389|Q16729389]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jon Lowenstein.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16731659|Jon Lowenstein]]''
| grianghrafadóir Meiriceánach
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1970-01-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jon_lowenstein jon_lowenstein]
| [[:d:Q16731659|Q16731659]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jon M. Chu 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1702754|Jon M. Chu]]''
| stiúrthóir scannán agus scríbhneoir scripte Meiriceánach
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2490358|cóiréagrafaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]
| 1979-11-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jon_m_chu jon_m_chu]
| [[:d:Q1702754|Q1702754]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19880666|Jon Mooallem]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jon_mooallem jon_mooallem]
| [[:d:Q19880666|Q19880666]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662502|Jon Nguyen]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jon_nguyen jon_nguyen]
| [[:d:Q23662502|Q23662502]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jon Ronson (27846097432) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3400803|Jon Ronson]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1235146|déantóir scannán faisnéise]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2722764|pearsa raidió]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1967-05-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jon_ronson jon_ronson]
| [[:d:Q3400803|Q3400803]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jonas Eliasson at TEDxKTH 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5708819|Jonas Eliasson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1969-02-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSualainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jonas_eliasson jonas_eliasson]
| [[:d:Q5708819|Q5708819]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Prime Minister Gahr Store in April 2025.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q467948|Jonas Gahr Støre]]''
| polaiteoir Ioruach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[taidhleoir]]
| 1960-08-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Iorua]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jonas_gahr_store jonas_gahr_store]
| [[:d:Q467948|Q467948]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jonathan Eisen - PLOS Biology Tenth Anniversary (cropped).png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2000017|Jonathan A. Eisen]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2904006|bithfhaisnéisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16063497|bitheolaí éabhlóideach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1967&lt;br/&gt;1968-08-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jonathan_eisen jonathan_eisen]
| [[:d:Q2000017|Q2000017]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:8oCongresoInnovacion08.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15710897|Jonathan Bergmann]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5758653|múinteoir meánscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jon_bergmann jon_bergmann]
| [[:d:Q15710897|Q15710897]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782385|Jonathan Drori]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|éiceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2994387|sainchomhairleoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|luibheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5352191|teicneoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1231865|oideolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jonathan_drori jonathan_drori]
| [[:d:Q23782385|Q23782385]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662200|Jonathan Foley]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jonathan_foley jonathan_foley]
| [[:d:Q23662200|Q23662200]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jonathan Haidt 2012 03.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q845573|Jonathan Haidt]]''
| síceolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1963-10-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jonathan_haidt jonathan_haidt]
| [[:d:Q845573|Q845573]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jonathan Harris.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6273354|Jonathan Harris]]''
| ealaíontóir Meiriceánach
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7016454|ealaíontóir na meán nua]]''
| 1979-08-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jonathan_harris jonathan_harris]
| [[:d:Q6273354|Q6273354]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jonathan Klein Getty 2023.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6273583|Jonathan Klein]]''
| fear gnó as an Afraic Theas
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1960
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Afraic Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jonathan_klein jonathan_klein]
| [[:d:Q6273583|Q6273583]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q46999694|Jonathan Rossiter]]''
| 
| [[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3437279|roboticist]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jonathan_rossiter jonathan_rossiter]
| [[:d:Q46999694|Q46999694]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rabbi Jonathan Sacks zt&quot;l.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q336766|Jonathan Sacks]]''
| raibí Briotanach
| ''[[:d:Q133485|raibí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1234713|diagaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1948-03-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rabbi_lord_jonathan_sacks rabbi_lord_jonathan_sacks]
| [[:d:Q336766|Q336766]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:John Tepperman (2014).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17145793|Jonathan Tepperman]]''
| eolaí polaitíochta Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jonathan_tepperman jonathan_tepperman]
| [[:d:Q17145793|Q17145793]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662788|Jonathan Trent]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jonathan_trent jonathan_trent]
| [[:d:Q23662788|Q23662788]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Wilker poptech.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18385701|Jonathan Wilker]]''
| 
| [[ceimiceoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jonathan_wilker jonathan_wilker]
| [[:d:Q18385701|Q18385701]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Zittrain-20080308-crop.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6274894|Jonathan Zittrain]]''
| 
| [[saineolaí dlí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]
| 1969-12-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jonathan_zittrain jonathan_zittrain]
| [[:d:Q6274894|Q6274894]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jonny Sun at In Conversation at Indigo Chapters - 2017 - IMG 2958 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q32064150|Jonny Sun]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jonny_sun jonny_sun]
| [[:d:Q32064150|Q32064150]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2068759|Jor-El]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jor_el jor_el]
| [[:d:Q2068759|Q2068759]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Goyas 2025 - Jorge Drexler (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q543506|Jorge Drexler]]''
| ceoltóir agus aisteoir Uraguach
| [[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2854916|ota-laraingeolaí]]''
| 1964-09-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Uragua]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jorge_drexler jorge_drexler]
| [[:d:Q543506|Q543506]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:NASA Univision Hispanic Education Campaign DVIDS858679 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1981462|Jorge Ramos]]''
| iriseoir agus údar Meicsiceach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8209871|Autor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1958-03-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Meicsiceo]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jorge_ramos jorge_ramos]
| [[:d:Q1981462|Q1981462]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759657|Jorge Soto]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jorge_soto jorge_soto]
| [[:d:Q23759657|Q23759657]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jose Antonio Vargas at Knight Foundation 2010 News Challenge.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1865602|Jose Antonio Vargas]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q69423232|scríbhneoir scripte scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]
| 1981-02-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[na hOileáin Fhilipíneacha]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jose_antonio_vargas jose_antonio_vargas]
| [[:d:Q1865602|Q1865602]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23670640|Jose Miguel Sokoloff]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jose_miguel_sokoloff jose_miguel_sokoloff]
| [[:d:Q23670640|Q23670640]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Joseph DeRisi 2021.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6282538|Joseph DeRisi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15839206|bitheolaí móilíneach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15634281|vireolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1969
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joe_derisi joe_derisi]
| [[:d:Q6282538|Q6282538]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Joseph DeSimone portrait Innovation Day 2008.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6282541|Joseph DeSimone]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1964-05-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joseph_desimone joseph_desimone]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/2457 2457]
| [[:d:Q6282541|Q6282541]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q97553147|Joseph E. Ravenell]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joseph_ravenell joseph_ravenell]
| [[:d:Q97553147|Q97553147]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:WP - random -5 (14094372762).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Joseph Gordon-Levitt]]
| aisteoir Meiriceánach
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q948329|aisteoir saincharachtair]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|aisteoir stáitse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''
| 1981-02-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joseph_gordon_levitt joseph_gordon_levitt]
| [[:d:Q177311|Q177311]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23671269|Joseph Kim]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Chóiré Thuaidh|Cóiré Thuaidh]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joseph_kim joseph_kim]
| [[:d:Q23671269|Q23671269]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16499778|Joseph Lekuton]]''
| polaiteoir Céiniach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1960s
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Chéinia]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joseph_lekuton joseph_lekuton]
| [[:d:Q16499778|Q16499778]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Portrait of Dr. Joseph S. Nye, Jr., Assistant Secretary of Defense, International Security Affairs.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q210362|Joseph Nye]]''
| eolaí polaitíochta Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q16947320|geopolitical analyst]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1937-01-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joseph_nye joseph_nye]
| [[:d:Q210362|Q210362]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q123202312|Joseph Redmon]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joseph_redmon joseph_redmon]
| [[:d:Q123202312|Q123202312]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Josette Sheeran Shiner 2020.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q433934|Josette Sheeran]]''
| taidhleoir Meiriceánach
| [[taidhleoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16961937|discussion moderator]]''
| 1954-06-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/josette_sheeran josette_sheeran]
| [[:d:Q433934|Q433934]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q114874716|Josh Giegel]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/josh_giegel josh_giegel]
| [[:d:Q114874716|Q114874716]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Josh Luber.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23783050|Josh Luber]]''
| 
| 
| 1978-02-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/josh_luber josh_luber]
| [[:d:Q23783050|Q23783050]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q87904343|Joshua A Chu-Tan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joshua_chu_tan joshua_chu_tan]
| [[:d:Q87904343|Q87904343]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Joshua-foer-2007.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16729033|Joshua Foer]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1982-09-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joshua_foer joshua_foer]
| [[:d:Q16729033|Q16729033]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6289972|Joshua Klein]]''
| 
| 
| 1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joshua_klein joshua_klein]
| [[:d:Q6289972|Q6289972]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6290132|Joshua Prager]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[staraí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joshua_prager joshua_prager]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1469 1469]
| [[:d:Q6290132|Q6290132]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6290134|Joshua Ramus]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 1969-08-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joshua_prince_ramus joshua_prince_ramus]
| [[:d:Q6290134|Q6290134]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Joshua Roman (TED 2011).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6290164|Joshua Roman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q13219637|dordveidhleadóir]]''
| 1983-12-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joshua_roman joshua_roman]
| [[:d:Q6290164|Q6290164]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6290197|Joshua Silver]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12013238|oftailmeolaí]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joshua_silver joshua_silver]
| [[:d:Q6290197|Q6290197]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23656020|Joshua Walters]]''
| 
| [[fuirseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joshua_walters joshua_walters]
| [[:d:Q23656020|Q23656020]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jose Andres.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3751091|José Andrés]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3499072|chef]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q156839|cócaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3427922|bialannaí]]''
| 1969-07-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Spáinn]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jose_andres jose_andres]
| [[:d:Q3751091|Q3751091]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Antonio ABREU.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q671147|José Antonio Abreu]]''
| ceoltóir Veiniséalach
| ''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q158852|stiúrthóir ceolfhoirne]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1939-05-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Veiniséala]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jose_antonio_abreu jose_antonio_abreu]
| [[:d:Q671147|Q671147]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662467|José Bowen]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jose_bowen jose_bowen]
| [[:d:Q23662467|Q23662467]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q123702639|Jota Samper]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131062|pleanálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jota_samper jota_samper]
| [[:d:Q123702639|Q123702639]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Joy Buolamwini, 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q31359093|Joy Buolamwini]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1989
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joy_buolamwini joy_buolamwini]
| [[:d:Q31359093|Q31359093]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23729164|Joy Sun]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joy_sun joy_sun]
| [[:d:Q23729164|Q23729164]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Joy Wolfram.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q57017996|Joy Wolfram]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q88105809|nanoscientist]]''
| 1989
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Fhionlainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/joy_wolfram joy_wolfram]
| [[:d:Q57017996|Q57017996]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Juan Enríquez - PopTech 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15454884|Juan Enríquez]]''
| polaiteoir Meicsiceach
| ''[[:d:Q3745071|scríbhneoir eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1959
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Meicsiceo]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/juan_enriquez juan_enriquez]
| [[:d:Q15454884|Q15454884]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jude Kelly @ Edge Hill Station, Liverpool - 2460482450.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6302366|Jude Kelly]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3387717|stiúrthóir drámaíochta]]''
| 1954-03-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jude_kelly jude_kelly]
| [[:d:Q6302366|Q6302366]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Judith Heumann, 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6303462|Judith Heumann]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q61857538|gníomhaí ar son cearta daoine faoi mhíchumas]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212238|státseirbhíseach]]''
| 1947-12-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/judith_heumann judith_heumann]
| [[:d:Q6303462|Q6303462]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:2012 at Elon University 14 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6303488|Judith Jamison]]''
| damhsóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q2490358|cóiréagrafaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5716684|damhsóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1797162|stiúrthóir ealaíne]]''
| 1943-05-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/judith_jamison judith_jamison]
| [[:d:Q6303488|Q6303488]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q24053213|Judson Brewer]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q211346|síciatraí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/judson_brewer judson_brewer]
| [[:d:Q24053213|Q24053213]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23671268|Judy MacDonald Johnston]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/judy_macdonald_johnston judy_macdonald_johnston]
| [[:d:Q23671268|Q23671268]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Julia Bacha Headshot.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q519340|Julia Bacha]]''
| stiúrthóir scannán Brasaíleach
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1235146|déantóir scannán faisnéise]]''
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Bhrasaíl]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/julia_bacha julia_bacha]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1039 1039]
| [[:d:Q519340|Q519340]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:20150126 Julia Galef 2.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19873435|Julia Galef]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''
| 1983-07-04&lt;br/&gt;1983
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/julia_galef julia_galef]
| [[:d:Q19873435|Q19873435]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Julia Gillard.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Julia Gillard]]
| polaiteoir agus dlíodóir Astrálach agus 27ú Príomh-Aire na hAstráile (rugadh 1961)
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1961-09-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/julia_gillard julia_gillard]
| [[:d:Q41563|Q41563]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Julia Shaw 2018-03-10 cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q26996789|Julia Shaw]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1987
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/julia_shaw julia_shaw]
| [[:d:Q26996789|Q26996789]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sweeney julia.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q270774|Julia Sweeney]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|aisteoir stáitse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1959-10-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/julia_sweeney julia_sweeney]
| [[:d:Q270774|Q270774]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q112555393|Julia Watson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9379869|léachtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6051619|iriseoir tuairime]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1977
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/julia_watson julia_watson]
| [[:d:Q112555393|Q112555393]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:RUEDA DE PRENSA CONJUNTA ENTRE CANCILLER RICARDO PATIÑO Y JULIAN ASSANGE (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Julian Assange]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19890746|gníomhaí Idirlín]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[haiceálaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5482740|ríomhchláraitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2059704|stiúrthóir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13590141|láithreoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q26102|sceithire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2516866|foilsitheoir]]''
| 1971-07-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/julian_assange julian_assange]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/779 779]
| [[:d:Q360|Q360]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Julian Baggini-1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q737519|Julian Baggini]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1968-09-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/julian_baggini julian_baggini]
| [[:d:Q737519|Q737519]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q117256119|Julian Burschka]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/julian_burschka julian_burschka]
| [[:d:Q117256119|Q117256119]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:The Power of Sound - Thursday (Dovregubben) - NMD 2013 (8723048924) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23795650|Julian Treasure]]''
| 
| 
| 1958-04-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/julian_treasure julian_treasure]
| [[:d:Q23795650|Q23795650]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q30068176|Juliana Delgado Lopera]]''
| 
| [[staraí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1988-06-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Cholóim]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/julian_delgado_lopera julian_delgado_lopera]
| [[:d:Q30068176|Q30068176]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23785249|Juliana Machado Ferreira]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Bhrasaíl]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/juliana_machado_ferreira juliana_machado_ferreira]
| [[:d:Q23785249|Q23785249]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Juliana Rotich - World Economic Forum on Africa 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q51700|Juliana Rotich]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12336252|social entrepreneur]]''
| 1977
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Chéinia]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/juliana_rotich juliana_rotich]
| [[:d:Q51700|Q51700]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657214|Julie Burstein]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3406651|léiritheoir raidió]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/julie_burstein julie_burstein]
| [[:d:Q23657214|Q23657214]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Julie Cordua, CEO of Thorn Skoll Awardee.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q97766892|Julie Cordua]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/julie_cordua julie_cordua]
| [[:d:Q97766892|Q97766892]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:JLHHeadShot2020.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q107822851|Julie Lythcott-Haims]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/julie_lythcott_haims julie_lythcott_haims]
| [[:d:Q107822851|Q107822851]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Julie Gottman.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q50810346|Julie Schwartz Gottman]]''
| síceolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1113899|síceolaí cliniciúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1900167|síciteiripeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6051619|iriseoir tuairime]]''
| 1951-04-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/julie_gottman julie_gottman]
| [[:d:Q50810346|Q50810346]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Julie Taymor at Opening Ceremony of the Tokyo International Film Festival 2022 (52461091576).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q240490|Julie Taymor]]''
| 
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1323191|dearthóir feisteas]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2707485|radharcagrafaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3387717|stiúrthóir drámaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28054786|opera director]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3455803|stiúrthóir]]''
| 1952-12-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/julie_taymor julie_taymor]
| [[:d:Q240490|Q240490]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6308612|Julieanna Richardson]]''
| dlíodóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1954-06-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/julieanna_l_richardson julieanna_l_richardson]
| [[:d:Q6308612|Q6308612]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q104130163|Juliet K Brophy]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/juliet_brophy juliet_brophy]
| [[:d:Q104130163|Q104130163]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Juliet Schor in CORE project interview.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6308905|Juliet Schor]]''
| socheolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]
| 1955-11-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/juliet_schor juliet_schor]
| [[:d:Q6308905|Q6308905]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Julius Maada Bio - 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q283829|Julius Maada Bio]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1964-05-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Siarra Leon]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/julius_maada_bio julius_maada_bio]
| [[:d:Q283829|Q283829]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jun Wang at the HGM 2015 meeting.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16027697|Jun Wang]]''
| taighdeoir
| ''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]
| 1976-06-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Daon-Phoblacht na Síne]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jun_wang jun_wang]
| [[:d:Q16027697|Q16027697]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q52450865|Juna Kollmeier]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/juna_kollmeier juna_kollmeier]
| [[:d:Q52450865|Q52450865]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q95948649|June P Tangney]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1958-08-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/june_tangney june_tangney]
| [[:d:Q95948649|Q95948649]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15972568|June Sarpong]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''
| 1977-05-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/june_sarpong june_sarpong]
| [[:d:Q15972568|Q15972568]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jupta Itoewaki, 3.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q92067916|Jupta Lilian Itoewaki]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2824523|comhalta boird]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11085831|ateangaire]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Suranam]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jupta_itoewaki jupta_itoewaki]
| [[:d:Q92067916|Q92067916]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Justin Baldoni in 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1303706|Justin Baldoni]]''
| aisteoir Meiriceánach
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q937857|imreoir sacair]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q130857|dioscmharcach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3455803|stiúrthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1053574|léiritheoir feidhmiúcháin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1984-01-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/justin_baldoni justin_baldoni]
| [[:d:Q1303706|Q1303706]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Justin Davidson introduces his book Magnetic City at Columbia GSAPP.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6317508|Justin Davidson]]''
| criticeoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1350157|criticeoir ceoil]]''
| 1966
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/justin_davidson justin_davidson]
| [[:d:Q6317508|Q6317508]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657166|Justin Hall-Tipping]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/justin_hall_tipping justin_hall_tipping]
| [[:d:Q23657166|Q23657166]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Justin J Pearson August 2023.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q116739449|Justin Pearson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1995-01-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/justin_j_pearson justin_j_pearson]
| [[:d:Q116739449|Q116739449]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q10313432|Júlio Gil]]''
| ailtire Portaingéalach
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1924-04-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Phortaingéil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/julio_gil julio_gil]
| [[:d:Q10313432|Q10313432]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Meganmcarthurv2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q240701|K. Megan McArthur]]''
| 
| [[spásaire]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3546255|aigéaneolaí]]''
| 1971-08-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/megan_mcarthur megan_mcarthur]
| [[:d:Q240701|Q240701]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q126744986|KC Davis]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1900167|síciteiripeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9379869|léachtóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kc_davis_TEDxMileHigh20220806-51475 kc_davis_TEDxMileHigh20220806-51475]
| [[:d:Q126744986|Q126744986]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q126490660|Kade Crockford]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1021386|gníomhaí ar son cearta sibhialta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kade_crockford kade_crockford]
| [[:d:Q126490660|Q126490660]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q90253693|Kaeli Swift]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kaeli_swift kaeli_swift]
| [[:d:Q90253693|Q90253693]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:2007GoogleTaiwanPressConference KaifuLee.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q699605|Kai-Fu Lee]]''
| fear gnó Téavánach
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1265807|eolaí faisnéise]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''
| 1961-12-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Téaváin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kai_fu_lee kai_fu_lee]
| [[:d:Q699605|Q699605]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kailash Satyarthi.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3442375|Kailash Satyarthi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q85305832|children's rights activist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1326886|innealtóir leictreach]]''
| 1954-01-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kailash_satyarthi kailash_satyarthi]
| [[:d:Q3442375|Q3442375]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kaitlyn Sadtler headshot.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q88258658|Kaitlyn Sadtler]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12119633|imdhíoneolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kaitlyn_sadtler kaitlyn_sadtler]
| [[:d:Q88258658|Q88258658]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:L-16-06-14-A-007 (27595809641) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18386676|Kakenya Ntaiya]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q28692502|gníomhaí ar son chearta na mban]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1978
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Chéinia]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kakenya_ntaiya kakenya_ntaiya]
| [[:d:Q18386676|Q18386676]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:WebsterHall2008.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q445648|Kaki King]]''
| giotáraí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q855091|giotáraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]
| 1979-08-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kaki_king kaki_king]
| [[:d:Q445648|Q445648]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6355487|Kamal Meattle]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kamal_meattle kamal_meattle]
| [[:d:Q6355487|Q6355487]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q70058569|Kamau Gachigi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kamau_gachigi kamau_gachigi]
| [[:d:Q70058569|Q70058569]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759742|Kare Anderson]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kare_anderson kare_anderson]
| [[:d:Q23759742|Q23759742]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Karen Armstrong.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q256548|Karen Armstrong]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1234713|diagaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3155377|Islamicist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17488357|historian of religion]]''
| 1944-11-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/karen_armstrong karen_armstrong]
| [[:d:Q256548|Q256548]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bakker Headshot.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q58804715|Karen Bakker]]''
| tíreolaí Ceanadach
| ''[[:d:Q901402|tíreolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839134|éiceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1971-12-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/karen_bakker karen_bakker]
| [[:d:Q58804715|Q58804715]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662231|Karen Bass]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/karen_bass karen_bass]
| [[:d:Q23662231|Q23662231]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Karen B. DeSalvo.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16198214|Karen DeSalvo]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/karen_desalvo karen_desalvo]
| [[:d:Q16198214|Q16198214]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43199273|Karen G. Lloyd]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/karen_lloyd karen_lloyd]
| [[:d:Q43199273|Q43199273]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Karen Tse.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6369726|Karen I. Tse]]''
| gníomhaí Eilvéiseach
| 
| 1964-10-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Eilvéis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/karen_tse karen_tse]
| [[:d:Q6369726|Q6369726]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6369738|Karen Jean Meech]]''
| 
| [[réalteolaí]]
| 1959-07-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/karen_j_meech karen_j_meech]
| [[:d:Q6369738|Q6369738]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Karen Scrivener mg 2616-b.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q59306305|Karen Scrivener]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]
| 1958-08-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/karen_scrivener karen_scrivener]
| [[:d:Q59306305|Q59306305]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6370083|Karen Thompson Walker]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/karen_t_walker karen_t_walker]
| [[:d:Q6370083|Q6370083]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Karen Willcox MNZM (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q56744321|Karen Willcox]]''
| 
| [[matamaiticeoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Nua-Shéalainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/karen_willcox karen_willcox]
| [[:d:Q56744321|Q56744321]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:I Am Because You Are (17715083350) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19609479|Karim Abouelnaga]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1991-12-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/karim_abouelnaga karim_abouelnaga]
| [[:d:Q19609479|Q19609479]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Karima Bennoune.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23759696|Karima Bennoune]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;[[saineolaí dlí]]
| 1967-06-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Ailgéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/karima_bennoune karima_bennoune]
| [[:d:Q23759696|Q23759696]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23008042|Karin Öberg]]''
| 
| [[ceimiceoir]]
| 1982-08-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an tSualainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/karin_oeberg karin_oeberg]
| [[:d:Q23008042|Q23008042]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Karissa wikipedia2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q63190411|Karissa Sanbonmatsu]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q84505215|structural biologist]]''
| 
| [[Bean trasghnéasach|bean trasinscneach]]
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/karissa_sanbonmatsu karissa_sanbonmatsu]
| [[:d:Q63190411|Q63190411]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:GDC Europe 2015 Session- Cities- Skylines, a Case Study (Tuesday (20660971258).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q28828004|Karoliina Korppoo]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18882335|video game designer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q54845077|role-playing game designer]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Fhionlainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/karoliina_korppoo karoliina_korppoo]
| [[:d:Q28828004|Q28828004]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783421|Kartick Satyanarayan]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kartick_satyanarayan kartick_satyanarayan]
| [[:d:Q23783421|Q23783421]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kary Mullis.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q157224|Kary Mullis]]''
| bithcheimiceoir Meiriceánach
| [[bithcheimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839206|bitheolaí móilíneach]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceimiceoir]]
| 1944-12-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kary_mullis kary_mullis]
| [[:d:Q157224|Q157224]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Snowden's former house selfie (20140825) (Kashmir Hill).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q110064852|Kashmir Hill]]''
| iriseoir agus scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1981-03-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kashmir_hill kashmir_hill]
| [[:d:Q110064852|Q110064852]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q54892135|Kasiva Mutua]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4351403|cnagcheoltóir]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Chéinia]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kasiva_mutua kasiva_mutua]
| [[:d:Q54892135|Q54892135]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q46805725|Kate A Stafford]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kate_stafford kate_stafford]
| [[:d:Q46805725|Q46805725]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q55114635|Kate Bowler]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19829980|religious studies scholar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kate_bowler kate_bowler]
| [[:d:Q55114635|Q55114635]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kate Darling 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q67188911|Kate Darling]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[saineolaí dlí]]
| 1982-01-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Eilvéis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kate_darling kate_darling]
| [[:d:Q67188911|Q67188911]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23664138|Kate Fagan]]''
| cispheileadóir Meiriceánach (1981-)
| ''[[:d:Q3665646|cispheileadóir]]''
| 1981-11-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kate_fagan_TEDxBoston20220516-50508 kate_fagan_TEDxBoston20220516-50508]
| [[:d:Q23664138|Q23664138]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Decoded speaker 2011 (6308556603).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23784307|Kate Hartman]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 1981
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kate_hartman kate_hartman]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/898 898]
| [[:d:Q23784307|Q23784307]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q64901031|Kate Lister]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[staraí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''
| 1981
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kate_lister kate_lister]
| [[:d:Q64901031|Q64901031]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kate Marvel.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q55640226|Kate Marvel]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15143191|cumarsáidí eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1113838|clíomeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kate_marvel kate_marvel]
| [[:d:Q55640226|Q55640226]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kate Orff - Climate Change and the Scales of Environment (24705846441) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6375703|Kate Orff]]''
| ailtire Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2815948|ailtire tírdhreacha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kate_orff kate_orff]
| [[:d:Q6375703|Q6375703]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kate Raworth, 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q37424557|Kate Raworth]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1970-12-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kate_raworth kate_raworth]
| [[:d:Q37424557|Q37424557]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:-rpTEN - Tag 1 (26750367556).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23670574|Kate Stone]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| [[Bean trasghnéasach|bean trasinscneach]]
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kate_stone kate_stone]
| [[:d:Q23670574|Q23670574]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Katharine Hayhoe 2018 (DIG14287-042).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15429497|Katharine Hayhoe]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18805|nádúraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1113838|clíomeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1972-04-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/katharine_hayhoe katharine_hayhoe]
| [[:d:Q15429497|Q15429497]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q80672929|Katharine Wilkinson]]''
| comhshaolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q16060693|caomhantóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839134|éiceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1983-01-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/katharine_wilkinson katharine_wilkinson]
| [[:d:Q80672929|Q80672929]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q83811568|Katherine Eban]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/katherine_eban katherine_eban]
| [[:d:Q83811568|Q83811568]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795674|Katherine Fulton]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/katherine_fulton katherine_fulton]
| [[:d:Q23795674|Q23795674]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Katherine M Gehl.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q41694025|Katherine Gehl]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1966
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/katherine_gehl katherine_gehl]
| [[:d:Q41694025|Q41694025]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23301824|Katherine Kuchenbecker]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1906857|innealtóir meicniúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/katherine_kuchenbecker katherine_kuchenbecker]
| [[:d:Q23301824|Q23301824]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Katie Mack-IMG 8876.jpeg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q22046575|Katherine Mack]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''
| 1981-05-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/katie_mack katie_mack]
| [[:d:Q22046575|Q22046575]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Katherine Maher (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23034479|Katherine Maher]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q267936|stiúrthóir feidhmiúcháin]]''
| 1983-04-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/katherine_maher katherine_maher]
| [[:d:Q23034479|Q23034479]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q111575379|Katherine Mangu-Ward]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/katherine_mangu_ward katherine_mangu_ward]
| [[:d:Q111575379|Q111575379]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kathleen McGinty (2015).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6376840|Kathleen McGinty]]''
| polaiteoir agus oifigeach Meiriceánach (rugadh 1963)
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1963-05-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/katie_mcginty katie_mcginty]
| [[:d:Q6376840|Q6376840]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q61161958|Kathryn A Whitehead]]''
| 
| [[ceimiceoir]]
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kathryn_a_whitehead kathryn_a_whitehead]
| [[:d:Q61161958|Q61161958]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q90656504|Kathryn E Ackerman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kate_ackerman_TEDxBoston20220516-50508 kate_ackerman_TEDxBoston20220516-50508]
| [[:d:Q90656504|Q90656504]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6377078|Kathryn Kolbert]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kathryn_kolbert kathryn_kolbert]
| [[:d:Q6377078|Q6377078]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q61590783|Kathryn Mannix]]''
| 
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]
| 1959
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kathryn_mannix kathryn_mannix]
| [[:d:Q61590783|Q61590783]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kathryn Schulz - official author photo (cropped).JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3194102|Kathryn Schulz]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kathryn_schulz kathryn_schulz]
| [[:d:Q3194102|Q3194102]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Katie Bouman answers questions about the Event Horizon Telescope project.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Katie Bouman]]
| ríomheolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1326886|innealtóir leictreach]]''
| 1989-05-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/katie_bouman katie_bouman]
| [[:d:Q63080922|Q63080922]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q63147154|Katie Fahey]]''
| 
| 
| 1990
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/katie_fahey katie_fahey]
| [[:d:Q63147154|Q63147154]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Katie Hinde speaks at NIH in 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q41201157|Katie Hinde]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]
| 2000
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/katie_hinde katie_hinde]
| [[:d:Q41201157|Q41201157]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q117221963|Katie Hood]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/katie_hood katie_hood]
| [[:d:Q117221963|Q117221963]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Oliver Mark - Katie Paterson, Berlin 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16734263|Katie Paterson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18074503|ealaíontóir suiteáin]]''
| 1981
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/katie_paterson katie_paterson]
| [[:d:Q16734263|Q16734263]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Performance artist Kat Kai Koi-Kes.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q54921856|Katlego Kai Kolanyane-Kesupile]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10774753|taibhealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1988-01
| [[Bean trasghnéasach|bean trasinscneach]]
| [[an Bhotsuáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/katlego_kolanyane_kesupile katlego_kolanyane_kesupile]
| [[:d:Q54921856|Q54921856]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Katrina Spade Headshot 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q55081332|Katrina Spade]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1977-09-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/katrina_spade katrina_spade]
| [[:d:Q55081332|Q55081332]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kavita N. Ramdas World Economic Forum 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6379296|Kavita Ramdas]]''
| gníomhaí Meiriceánach
| [[eolaí]]
| 1963&lt;br/&gt;1962-09-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kavita_ramdas kavita_ramdas]
| [[:d:Q6379296|Q6379296]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kay tye.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21526064|Kay Tye]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1981
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kay_tye kay_tye]
| [[:d:Q21526064|Q21526064]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q90813027|Keely A. Muscatell]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/keely_muscatell keely_muscatell]
| [[:d:Q90813027|Q90813027]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q112713989|Keenan Scott II]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q214917|drámadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/keenan_scott_ii keenan_scott_ii]
| [[:d:Q112713989|Q112713989]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:KeesMoeliker.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4493781|Kees Moeliker]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1225716|éaneolaí]]''
| 1960-10-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29999|Ríocht na hÍsiltíre]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kees_moeliker kees_moeliker]
| [[:d:Q4493781|Q4493781]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:TED Magic Show.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5566371|Keith Barry]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15855449|draíodóir]]''
| 1976-10-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/keith_barry keith_barry]
| [[:d:Q5566371|Q5566371]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782683|Keith Bellows]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/keith_bellows keith_bellows]
| [[:d:Q23782683|Q23782683]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q22095432|Keith Chen]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]
| 1970s
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/keith_chen keith_chen]
| [[:d:Q22095432|Q22095432]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q63036933|Keith Kirkland]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/keith_kirkland keith_kirkland]
| [[:d:Q63036933|Q63036933]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23661670|Keith Nolan]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/keith_nolan keith_nolan]
| [[:d:Q23661670|Q23661670]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Keith Schacht.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6384989|Keith Schacht]]''
| duine gnó
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1979-12-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/keith_schacht keith_schacht]
| [[:d:Q6384989|Q6384989]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Keller Rinaudo.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23713542|Keller Rinaudo]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3951423|dreapadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3437279|roboticist]]''
| 1987
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/keller_rinaudo keller_rinaudo]
| [[:d:Q23713542|Q23713542]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kelli Anderson 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23662160|Kelli Anderson]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kelli_anderson kelli_anderson]
| [[:d:Q23662160|Q23662160]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23712681|Kelli Swazey]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kelli_swazey kelli_swazey]
| [[:d:Q23712681|Q23712681]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16216668|Kelly McGonigal]]''
| síceolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1977-10-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kelly_mcgonigal kelly_mcgonigal]
| [[:d:Q16216668|Q16216668]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q59828743|Kelly Richmond Pope]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q8142883|coireolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kelly_richmond_pope kelly_richmond_pope]
| [[:d:Q59828743|Q59828743]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kelly Wanser speaking.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q124304813|Kelly Wanser]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kelly_wanser kelly_wanser]
| [[:d:Q124304813|Q124304813]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q59675801|Kelsey Johnson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kelsey_johnson kelsey_johnson]
| [[:d:Q59675801|Q59675801]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:K Leonard Oxford Grad-1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6386502|Kelsey T. Leonard]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kelsey_leonard kelsey_leonard]
| [[:d:Q6386502|Q6386502]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q123688006|Kemi DaSilva-Ibru]]''
| 
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15978655|sainchomhairleoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2640827|gínéiceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13638192|obstatraí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Nigéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kemi_dasilva_ibru kemi_dasilva_ibru]
| [[:d:Q123688006|Q123688006]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ken-Goldberg-Apr-2019-med-res.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6387683|Ken Goldberg]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6934789|ealaíontóir ilmheán]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[múinteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3437279|roboticist]]''
| 1961-10-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ken_goldberg ken_goldberg]
| [[:d:Q6387683|Q6387683]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:KenJenningsByPhilKonstantin.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q186|Ken Jennings]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1709010|innealtóir bogearraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q47454185|game show contestant]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61747890|cluichire síceolaíoch]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q22662561|óstach seó cluichí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1974-05-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ken_jennings ken_jennings]
| [[:d:Q186|Q186]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sir Ken Robinson (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q718012|Ken Robinson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q13423598|education expert]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1758037|ceann comhairle]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q974144|oideoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q736415|conferencier]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q106638245|rannpháirtí i gclár faisnéise]]''
| 1950-03-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sir_ken_robinson sir_ken_robinson]
| [[:d:Q718012|Q718012]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6389224|Kenichi Ebina]]''
| damhsóir Seapánach
| ''[[:d:Q5716684|damhsóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2490358|cóiréagrafaí]]''
| 1974-01-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSeapáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kenichi_ebina kenichi_ebina]
| [[:d:Q6389224|Q6389224]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kenneth Chenault.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q516550|Kenneth Chenault]]''
| feidhmeannach gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1951-06-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ken_chenault ken_chenault]
| [[:d:Q516550|Q516550]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kenneth Cukier.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23729173|Kenneth Cukier]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1968
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kenneth_cukier kenneth_cukier]
| [[:d:Q23729173|Q23729173]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6390295|Kenneth Kamler]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q9149093|sléibhteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[máinlia]]
| 1947
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ken_kamler ken_kamler]
| [[:d:Q6390295|Q6390295]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kenneth J. Lacovara with Dreadnoughtus femur.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17517145|Kenneth Lacovara]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|pailé-ointeolaí]]''
| 1961-03-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kenneth_lacovara kenneth_lacovara]
| [[:d:Q17517145|Q17517145]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769238|Kenneth Shinozuka]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kenneth_shinozuka kenneth_shinozuka]
| [[:d:Q23769238|Q23769238]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6391818|Kent Larson]]''
| ailtire Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kent_larson kent_larson]
| [[:d:Q6391818|Q6391818]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dr. Keolu Fox.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q92662381|Keolu Fox]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/keolu_fox keolu_fox]
| [[:d:Q92662381|Q92662381]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Keren Elazari at the SingularityU The Netherlands Summit 2016 (29027689414) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23728252|Keren Elazari]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q28344495|comhairleoir slándála ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18922761|white hat]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''
| 1981
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Iosrael]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/keren_elezari keren_elezari]
| [[:d:Q23728252|Q23728252]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662144|Kevin Allocca]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kevin_allocca kevin_allocca]
| [[:d:Q23662144|Q23662144]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kevin Bales at Chatham House 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1740079|Kevin Bales]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1952-02-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kevin_bales kevin_bales]
| [[:d:Q1740079|Q1740079]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23712692|Kevin Breel]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kevin_breel kevin_breel]
| [[:d:Q23712692|Q23712692]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16159323|Kevin Briggs]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q384593|garda]]''
| 1960s
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kevin_briggs kevin_briggs]
| [[:d:Q16159323|Q16159323]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q117863301|Kevin J. Krizek]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kevin_j_krizek kevin_j_krizek]
| [[:d:Q117863301|Q117863301]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q88134979|Kevin Jones]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kevin_jones kevin_jones]
| [[:d:Q88134979|Q88134979]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kevin Kelly, 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2707355|Kevin Kelly]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q876864|eagarthóir rannchuidithe]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q45916492|comhbhunaitheoir]]''
| 1952-04-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kevin_kelly kevin_kelly]
| [[:d:Q2707355|Q2707355]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6397296|Kevin R. Stone]]''
| máinlia Meiriceánach
| [[máinlia]]
| 1955-06-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kevin_stone kevin_stone]
| [[:d:Q6397296|Q6397296]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kevin Roose.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q24248260|Kevin Roose]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6051619|iriseoir tuairime]]''
| 20th century&lt;br/&gt;1987
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kevin_roose kevin_roose]
| [[:d:Q24248260|Q24248260]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kevin Rudd DFAT (smile).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Kevin Rudd]]
| polaiteoir Astrálach agus 26ú Príomh-Aire na hAstráile
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[taidhleoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''
| 1957-09-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kevin_rudd kevin_rudd]
| [[:d:Q43135|Q43135]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kevin Slavin (5417557447).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23656201|Kevin Slavin]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kevin_slavin kevin_slavin]
| [[:d:Q23656201|Q23656201]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:At the WEF in Davos- Kevin Surace (5851680253).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6397572|Kevin Surace]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1962-07-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kevin_surace kevin_surace]
| [[:d:Q6397572|Q6397572]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q101443338|Kevin Toolis]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1414443|déantóir scannán]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kevin_toolis kevin_toolis]
| [[:d:Q101443338|Q101443338]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q90746452|Kevin Y Njabo]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kevin_njabo kevin_njabo]
| [[:d:Q90746452|Q90746452]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:China in the New Era (25035570297).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q76713918|Keyu Jin]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]
| 1982
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Daon-Phoblacht na Síne]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/keyu_jin keyu_jin]
| [[:d:Q76713918|Q76713918]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769225|Khadija Gbla]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/khadija_gbla khadija_gbla]
| [[:d:Q23769225|Q23769225]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Khalida Brohi.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q20987867|Khalida Brohi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28692502|gníomhaí ar son chearta na mban]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1988
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Phacastáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/khalida_brohi khalida_brohi]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/2043 2043]
| [[:d:Q20987867|Q20987867]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q87609577|Khalil B Ramadi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/khalil_ramadi khalil_ramadi]
| [[:d:Q87609577|Q87609577]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q122841509|Kiana Hayeri]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q957729|fóta-iriseoir]]''
| 1988
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kiana_hayeri kiana_hayeri]
| [[:d:Q122841509|Q122841509]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795688|Kim Gorgens]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kim_gorgens kim_gorgens]
| [[:d:Q23795688|Q23795688]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19893432|Kim Katrin Milan]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[múinteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28692502|gníomhaí ar son chearta na mban]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q974144|oideoir]]''
| 1984-03-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kim_katrin_milan kim_katrin_milan]
| [[:d:Q19893432|Q19893432]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q58326777|Kim Scott]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2462658|bainisteoir]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kim_scott kim_scott]
| [[:d:Q58326777|Q58326777]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kim Stanley Robinson by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Kim Stanley Robinson]]
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18844224|scríbhneoir ficsean eolaíochta]]''
| 1952-03-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kim_stanley_robinson kim_stanley_robinson]
| [[:d:Q130779|Q130779]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kimyoungha.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q140135|Kim Young-ha]]''
| scríbhneoir as an gCóiré Theas
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1968-11-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Chóiré Theas|Cóiré Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/young_ha_kim young_ha_kim]
| [[:d:Q140135|Q140135]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q20684882|Kimberley Motley]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kimberley_motley kimberley_motley]
| [[:d:Q20684882|Q20684882]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q113109762|Kimberly G. Noble]]''
| 
| [[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kimberly_noble kimberly_noble]
| [[:d:Q113109762|Q113109762]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kimberlé Crenshaw (40901215153).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6409990|Kimberlé Crenshaw]]''
| dlí-eolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1959-05-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kimberle_crenshaw kimberle_crenshaw]
| [[:d:Q6409990|Q6409990]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kiran Bedi at the SWIM Conference.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2722085|Kiran Bedi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q384593|garda]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10833314|imreoir leadóige]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1949-06-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kiran_bedhi kiran_bedhi]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/816 816]
| [[:d:Q2722085|Q2722085]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kiran Bir Sethi.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17089348|Kiran Bir Sethi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1966-04-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kiran_sethi kiran_sethi]
| [[:d:Q17089348|Q17089348]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kiran Ghandi, 'Madame Ghandi' at 2025 SXSW London.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q28545688|Kiran Gandhi]]''
| 
| [[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28692502|gníomhaí ar son chearta na mban]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q386854|drumadóir]]''
| 1989
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/madame_gandhi madame_gandhi]
| [[:d:Q28545688|Q28545688]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw HD2014 crop.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q467215|Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q764811|brewmaster]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1953-03-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kiran_mazumdar_shaw kiran_mazumdar_shaw]
| [[:d:Q467215|Q467215]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kirby Ferguson by Rachel Lovinger.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23662751|Kirby Ferguson]]''
| 
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kirby_ferguson kirby_ferguson]
| [[:d:Q23662751|Q23662751]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23785264|Kirk Citron]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kirk_citron kirk_citron]
| [[:d:Q23785264|Q23785264]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23661631|Kirk Sorensen]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kirk_sorensen kirk_sorensen]
| [[:d:Q23661631|Q23661631]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kirsty Duncan2019.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3197422|Kirsty Duncan]]''
| polaiteoir Ceanadach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q901402|tíreolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9379869|léachtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2066131|lúthchleasaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1966-10-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kirsty_duncan kirsty_duncan]
| [[:d:Q3197422|Q3197422]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kishore Mahbubani - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2011.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q933957|Kishore Mahbubani]]''
| taidhleoir Singeapórach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[taidhleoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''
| 1948-10-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Singeapór]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kishore_mahbubani kishore_mahbubani]
| [[:d:Q933957|Q933957]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23748704|Kitra Cahana]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kitra_cahana kitra_cahana]
| [[:d:Q23748704|Q23748704]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657081|Klaus Stadlmann]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/klaus_stadlmann klaus_stadlmann]
| [[:d:Q23657081|Q23657081]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q115671327|Knut Haanaes]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/knut_haanaes knut_haanaes]
| [[:d:Q115671327|Q115671327]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kotchakorn Voraakhom (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q59160125|Kotchakorn Voraakhom]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2815948|ailtire tírdhreacha]]''
| 1981
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Téalainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kotchakorn_voraakhom kotchakorn_voraakhom]
| [[:d:Q59160125|Q59160125]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kris Tompkins11.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6437293|Kris Tompkins]]''
| caomhantóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16060693|caomhantóir]]''
| 1950-06-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kristine_tompkins kristine_tompkins]
| [[:d:Q6437293|Q6437293]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Krista Donaldson.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23713567|Krista Donaldson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''
| 1973
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/krista_donaldson krista_donaldson]
| [[:d:Q23713567|Q23713567]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Krista tippett 1050.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6437693|Krista Tippett]]''
| craoltóir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2722764|pearsa raidió]]''
| 1960-11-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/krista_tippett krista_tippett]
| [[:d:Q6437693|Q6437693]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kristalina Georgieva Headshot.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q265277|Kristalina Georgieva]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin]]
| 1953-08-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Bhulgáir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kristalina_georgieva kristalina_georgieva]
| [[:d:Q265277|Q265277]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6437748|Kristen Ashburn]]''
| fóta-iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q957729|fóta-iriseoir]]''
| 1973
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kristen_ashburn kristen_ashburn]
| [[:d:Q6437748|Q6437748]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23760564|Kristen Marhaver]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kristen_marhaver kristen_marhaver]
| [[:d:Q23760564|Q23760564]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q90329415|Kristen Wenz]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kristen_wenz kristen_wenz]
| [[:d:Q90329415|Q90329415]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kristie L. Ebi, Professor, Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington 3.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q58039850|Kristie L. Ebi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1113838|clíomeolaí]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kristie_ebi kristie_ebi]
| [[:d:Q58039850|Q58039850]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q57891612|Kristin Poinar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kristin_poinar kristin_poinar]
| [[:d:Q57891612|Q57891612]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795680|Kristina Gjerde]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kristina_gjerde kristina_gjerde]
| [[:d:Q23795680|Q23795680]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q110816239|Kristopher Alexander]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kris_alexander kris_alexander]
| [[:d:Q110816239|Q110816239]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:AI for Good Global Summit 2018 (42155745511).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q27576279|Kriti Sharma]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''
| 1988
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kriti_sharma kriti_sharma]
| [[:d:Q27576279|Q27576279]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6449926|Kwabena Boahen]]''
| bitheolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1326886|innealtóir leictreach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q26848923|bioengineer]]''
| 1964-09-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Gána]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kwabena_boahen kwabena_boahen]
| [[:d:Q6449926|Q6449926]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kwame Anthony Appiah in 2024 at the Library of Congress Great Hall (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q572741|Kwame Anthony Appiah]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1954-05-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/anthony_appiah anthony_appiah]
| [[:d:Q572741|Q572741]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6451751|Kym Worthy]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1957
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kym_worthy kym_worthy]
| [[:d:Q6451751|Q6451751]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kyra D. Gaunt 02.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q63699019|Kyra Gaunt]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17484288|eitnicheoleolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kyra_gaunt kyra_gaunt]
| [[:d:Q63699019|Q63699019]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:LZ Granderson on New America.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6460513|LZ Granderson]]''
| iriseoir spóirt Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1086863|colúnaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1972-03-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lz_granderson lz_granderson]
| [[:d:Q6460513|Q6460513]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:LaToya Ruby Frazier (54162833127).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19667999|LaToya Ruby Frazier]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q974144|oideoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q674426|coimeádaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18216771|físealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10774753|taibhealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18074503|ealaíontóir suiteáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q56884373|book artist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]
| 1982
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/latoya_ruby_frazier latoya_ruby_frazier]
| [[:d:Q19667999|Q19667999]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lightbulb-braids.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q64627129|Laetitia Ky]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3610436|personal stylist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28692502|gníomhaí ar son chearta na mban]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]
| 1996-06-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Cósta Eabhair]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/laetitia_ky laetitia_ky]
| [[:d:Q64627129|Q64627129]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lakshmi Pratury.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6479908|Lakshmi Pratury]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lakshmi_pratury lakshmi_pratury]
| [[:d:Q6479908|Q6479908]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23301825|Lalitesh Katragadda]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lalitesh_katragadda lalitesh_katragadda]
| [[:d:Q23301825|Q23301825]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Laolu Senbanjo.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q30323325|Laolu Senbanjo]]''
| ealaíontóir
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Nigéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/laolu_senbanjo laolu_senbanjo]
| [[:d:Q30323325|Q30323325]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lara Setrakian.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6488591|Lara Setrakian]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1982-02-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lara_setrakian lara_setrakian]
| [[:d:Q6488591|Q6488591]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Larry Brilliant in 2023 04.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2301314|Larry Brilliant]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|eipidéimeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1944-05-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/larry_brilliant larry_brilliant]
| [[:d:Q2301314|Q2301314]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6490024|Larry Burns]]''
| fear gnó
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/larry_burns larry_burns]
| [[:d:Q6490024|Q6490024]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Larry Page in the European Parliament, 17.06.2009.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4934|Larry Page]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1973-03-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sergey_brin_and_larry_page sergey_brin_and_larry_page]
| [[:d:Q4934|Q4934]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662777|Larry Smith]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/larry_smith larry_smith]
| [[:d:Q23662777|Q23662777]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23760296|Latif Nasser]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1235146|déantóir scannán faisnéise]]''
| 1986-07-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/latif_nasser latif_nasser]
| [[:d:Q23760296|Q23760296]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Laura Boushnak.jpeg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23767452|Laura Boushnak]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1976
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Cuáit]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/laura_boushnak laura_boushnak]
| [[:d:Q23767452|Q23767452]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q90497004|Laura Galante]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/laura_galante laura_galante]
| [[:d:Q90497004|Q90497004]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:LauraJSnyder.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18207085|Laura J. Snyder]]''
| 
| [[staraí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1964
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/laura_snyder laura_snyder]
| [[:d:Q18207085|Q18207085]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23498217|Laura L. Carstensen]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''
| 1953
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/laura_carstensen laura_carstensen]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1277 1277]
| [[:d:Q23498217|Q23498217]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dr. Laura M. Boykin.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21506394|Laura Marie Boykin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2374149|luibheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/laura_boykin laura_boykin]
| [[:d:Q21506394|Q21506394]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q21264244|Laura Robinson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/laura_robinson laura_robinson]
| [[:d:Q21264244|Q21264244]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q20675690|Laura Schulz]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/laura_schulz laura_schulz]
| [[:d:Q20675690|Q20675690]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769557|Laura Trice]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/laura_trice laura_trice]
| [[:d:Q23769557|Q23769557]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Laura Vanderkam at Bullish Conference 2013 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q112537324|Laura Vanderkam]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''
| 1978
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/laura_vanderkam laura_vanderkam]
| [[:d:Q112537324|Q112537324]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Laurel Braitman.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16738992|Laurel Braitman]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1978-02-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/laurel_braitman laurel_braitman]
| [[:d:Q16738992|Q16738992]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lauren Sallan in 2023.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q54704043|Lauren Cole Sallan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|pailé-ointeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16037036|paleobiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4205432|iasceolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lauren_sallan lauren_sallan]
| [[:d:Q54704043|Q54704043]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23798375|Lauren Hodge]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lauren_hodge lauren_hodge]
| [[:d:Q23798375|Q23798375]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lauren Zalaznick.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23797175|Lauren Zalaznick]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q47541952|leiritheóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lauren_zalaznick lauren_zalaznick]
| [[:d:Q23797175|Q23797175]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Laurie Garrett at Poptech shot by Kris Krug.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q11351111|Laurie Garrett]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1951
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/laurie_garrett laurie_garrett]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/302 302]
| [[:d:Q11351111|Q11351111]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16215537|Laurie R. Santos]]''
| síceolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1162163|stiúrthóir]]''
| 1975
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/laurie_santos laurie_santos]
| [[:d:Q16215537|Q16215537]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lawrence Lessig May 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q217790|Lawrence Lessig]]''
| 
| [[saineolaí dlí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11499147|gníomhaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;[[múinteoir]]
| 1961-06-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/larry_lessig larry_lessig]
| [[:d:Q217790|Q217790]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6509162|Leah Buechley]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/leah_buechley leah_buechley]
| [[:d:Q6509162|Q6509162]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:LeahChaseAp08Crop.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6509170|Leah Chase]]''
| cócaire Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q3427922|bialannaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3499072|chef]]''
| 1923-01-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/leah_chase leah_chase]
| [[:d:Q6509170|Q6509170]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81540695|Leah Garcés]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11966252|gníomhaí ar son cearta ainmhithe]]''
| 1978-02-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/leah_garces leah_garces]
| [[:d:Q81540695|Q81540695]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Leana Wen 2017 04 14.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6509479|Leana Wen]]''
| 
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1983-01-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Daon-Phoblacht na Síne]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/leana_wen leana_wen]
| [[:d:Q6509479|Q6509479]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Escape from North Korea.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17306046|Lee Hyeon-seo]]''
| gníomhaí as an gCóiré
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11499147|gníomhaí polaitiúil]]''
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[An Chóiré Thuaidh|Cóiré Thuaidh]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/hyeonseo_lee hyeonseo_lee]
| [[:d:Q17306046|Q17306046]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:삼성전자 연구원 이진하 트위터 프로필 사진.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21059962|Lee Jin-ha]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Chóiré Theas|Cóiré Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jinha_lee jinha_lee]
| [[:d:Q21059962|Q21059962]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23760283|Lee Mokobe]]''
| 
| [[file]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2449503|fear trasinscneach]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lerato_mokobe lerato_mokobe]
| [[:d:Q23760283|Q23760283]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:LeeSmolinAtHarvard.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q437263|Lee Smolin]]''
| fisiceoir teoiriciúil Meiriceánach (rugadh 1955)
| [[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19350898|fisiceoir teoiriciúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1955-06-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lee_smolin lee_smolin]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/310 310]
| [[:d:Q437263|Q437263]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Picture of Leila Hoteit.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q111658783|Leila Hoteit]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1974-05-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Liobáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/leila_hoteit leila_hoteit]
| [[:d:Q111658783|Q111658783]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q55854926|Leila Pirhaji]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 1986
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Iaráin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/leila_pirhaji leila_pirhaji]
| [[:d:Q55854926|Q55854926]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Leila Takayama - PopTech 2012 - Camden Maine USA.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q65733114|Leila Takayama]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3437279|roboticist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/leila_takayama leila_takayama]
| [[:d:Q65733114|Q65733114]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:LEILI ANVAR.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3229191|Leili Anvar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q333634|aistritheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16832248|iranologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1086863|colúnaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1967-05-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Iaráin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/leili_anvar leili_anvar]
| [[:d:Q3229191|Q3229191]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Leland Melvin.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q632907|Leland D. Melvin]]''
| 
| [[spásaire]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19204627|imreoir peile Meiriceánaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1964-02-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/leland_melvin leland_melvin]
| [[:d:Q632907|Q632907]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lemn Sissay hopemas xmas partyeventful-org-uk low 18 (5273390039).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6521230|Lemn Sissay]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15958754|craoltóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[file]]
| 1967-05-21&lt;br/&gt;1968
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lemn_sissay lemn_sissay]
| [[:d:Q6521230|Q6521230]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lemon Andersen.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6521290|Lemon Andersen]]''
| 
| [[aisteoir]]
| 1975-04-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lemon_andersen lemon_andersen]
| [[:d:Q6521290|Q6521290]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lennart Green 2006.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5769932|Lennart Green]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15855449|draíodóir]]''
| 1941-12-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSualainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lennart_green lennart_green]
| [[:d:Q5769932|Q5769932]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Leo Igwe at TAM 7-12-2012.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6523857|Leo Igwe]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10527030|daonnachaí]]''
| 1970-07-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Nigéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/leo_igwe leo_igwe]
| [[:d:Q6523857|Q6523857]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:LeonardSusskindStanfordNov2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q203243|Leonard Susskind]]''
| fisiceoir Meiriceánach
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]
| 1940-05-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/leonard_susskind leonard_susskind]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/992 992]
| [[:d:Q203243|Q203243]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19664256|Leor Weinberger]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15634281|vireolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/leor_weinberger leor_weinberger]
| [[:d:Q19664256|Q19664256]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lera Boroditsky.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6528728|Lera Boroditsky]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14565186|cognitive scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]
| 1976-05-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Bhealarúis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lera_boroditsky lera_boroditsky]
| [[:d:Q6528728|Q6528728]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dr. Leroy Cronin portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6528921|Leroy Cronin]]''
| 
| [[ceimiceoir]]
| 1973-06-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lee_cronin lee_cronin]
| [[:d:Q6528921|Q6528921]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4116838|Lesley Hazleton]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q24262594|scríbhneoir reiligiúnach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6051619|iriseoir tuairime]]''
| 1945-09-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lesley_hazleton lesley_hazleton]
| [[:d:Q4116838|Q4116838]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23656887|Leslie Dodson]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/leslie_dodson leslie_dodson]
| [[:d:Q23656887|Q23656887]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Leslie Herod.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q28480953|Leslie Herod]]''
| polaiteoir
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1982
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/leslie_herod leslie_herod]
| [[:d:Q28480953|Q28480953]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6531033|Leslie Morgan Steiner]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1965-07-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/leslie_morgan_steiner leslie_morgan_steiner]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1527 1527]
| [[:d:Q6531033|Q6531033]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6531172|Leslie T. Chang]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/leslie_chang leslie_chang]
| [[:d:Q6531172|Q6531172]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q115671096|Leticia Gasca]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/leticia_gasca leticia_gasca]
| [[:d:Q115671096|Q115671096]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q124728014|Levon Biss]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1975
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/levon_biss levon_biss]
| [[:d:Q124728014|Q124728014]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Headshot Lewis Pugh.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q715979|Lewis Pugh]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11900058|taiscéalaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10843402|snámhóir]]''
| 1969-12-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lewis_pugh lewis_pugh]
| [[:d:Q715979|Q715979]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23670651|Leyla Acaroglu]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/leyla_acaroglu leyla_acaroglu]
| [[:d:Q23670651|Q23670651]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Leymah Gbowee (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q107037|Leymah Gbowee]]''
| gníomhaí síochána Libéarach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16323111|gníomhaí síochána]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1972-02-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Libéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/leymah_gbowee leymah_gbowee]
| [[:d:Q107037|Q107037]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q9337816|Li-Huei Tsai]]''
| 
| [[paiteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1960-03-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/li_huei_tsai li_huei_tsai]
| [[:d:Q9337816|Q9337816]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:POPULATED BY ROBOTS HOW CRYPTOCURRENCY WILL RE-OPEN THE ARCTIC (36920210013).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18342403|Liam Young]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1979-03-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/liam_young liam_young]
| [[:d:Q18342403|Q18342403]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lian Pin Koh, Founding Director, ConservationDrones.org; and Professor of Applied Ecology and Conservation, University of Adelaide (34299001125) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23670480|Lian Pin Koh]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|éiceolaí]]''
| 1976-04-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lian_pin_koh lian_pin_koh]
| [[:d:Q23670480|Q23670480]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Liana Finck (30817591717) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q62575529|Liana Finck]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1114448|cartúnaí]]''
| 1986
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/liana_finck liana_finck]
| [[:d:Q62575529|Q62575529]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lidia Yuknavitch 2141146.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21067165|Lidia Yuknavitch]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1963-06-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lidia_yuknavitch lidia_yuknavitch]
| [[:d:Q21067165|Q21067165]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q112958470|Liene Ozoliņa]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12347522|eitneagrafaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/liene_ozoli_a liene_ozoli_a]
| [[:d:Q112958470|Q112958470]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6547401|Lil Buck]]''
| damhsóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q2490358|cóiréagrafaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17307272|taibheoir sorcais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5716684|damhsóir]]''
| 1988-05-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lil_buck lil_buck]
| [[:d:Q6547401|Q6547401]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lili Haydn.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q51603|Lili Haydn]]''
| aisteoir agus ceoltóir Ceanadach
| ''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15981151|ceoltóir snagcheoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1259917|veidhleadóir]]''
| 1969-12-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lili_haydn lili_haydn]
| [[:d:Q51603|Q51603]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:2024-03-08 SXSW-2024 Variety-comedy-awards 04707 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17403226|Lilly Singh]]''
| she was born in rotunda hospital in dublin ireland. she went to st.domincs for her secondary school years and then went to Trinity College. She dropped out of school at age 21 because she got pregnant with her brother&amp;#39;s baby. xxx
| ''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17125263|cruthaitheoir YouTube]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4110598|físbhlagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1988-09-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lilly_singh lilly_singh]
| [[:d:Q17403226|Q17403226]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lily Tomlin in 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Lily Tomlin]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2259451|aisteoir stáitse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''
| 1939-09-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lily_tomlin lily_tomlin]
| [[:d:Q229271|Q229271]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q21552205|Linda A. Hill]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q974144|oideoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]
| 1956-07-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/linda_hill linda_hill]
| [[:d:Q21552205|Q21552205]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23760269|Linda Cliatt-Wayman]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/linda_cliatt_wayman linda_cliatt_wayman]
| [[:d:Q23760269|Q23760269]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Linda Liukas at the Data of Tomorrow Conference 2017 (23496747288).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q20252140|Linda Liukas]]''
| 
| [[múinteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5482740|ríomhchláraitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q644687|maisitheoir]]''
| 1986
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Fhionlainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/linda_liukas linda_liukas]
| [[:d:Q20252140|Q20252140]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lindiwe Masibuko DA MP.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q937119|Lindiwe Mazibuko]]''
| polaiteoir as an Afraic Theas
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1980-04-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Afraic Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lindiwe_mazibuko lindiwe_mazibuko]
| [[:d:Q937119|Q937119]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q89161733|Lindsay C Malloy]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lindsay_malloy lindsay_malloy]
| [[:d:Q89161733|Q89161733]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q125649033|Lindsay Morcom]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1231865|oideolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14467526|teangeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lindsay_morcom lindsay_morcom]
| [[:d:Q125649033|Q125649033]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lc3 2018 (263682303) (cropped).jpeg|center|128px]]
| [[Linus Torvalds]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5482740|ríomhchláraitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q183888|forbróir bogearraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1969-12-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Fhionlainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/linus_torvalds linus_torvalds]
| [[:d:Q34253|Q34253]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23712829|Lisa Bu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lisa_bu lisa_bu]
| [[:d:Q23712829|Q23712829]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lisa Damour 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q79446431|Lisa Damour]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1113899|síceolaí cliniciúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1970-11-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lisa_damour lisa_damour]
| [[:d:Q79446431|Q79446431]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q52394619|Lisa Dyson]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]
| 1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lisa_dyson lisa_dyson]
| [[:d:Q52394619|Q52394619]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lisa Feldman.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6557970|Lisa Feldman Barrett]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1963
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lisa_feldman_barrett lisa_feldman_barrett]
| [[:d:Q6557970|Q6557970]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lisa Gansky, entrepreneur, investor and author of The Mesh (15851050897).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6558012|Lisa Gansky]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1958-05-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lisa_gansky lisa_gansky]
| [[:d:Q6558012|Q6558012]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q13563157|Lisa Genova]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1970-11-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lisa_genova lisa_genova]
| [[:d:Q13563157|Q13563157]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lisa Harouni (6783963974).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23661649|Lisa Harouni]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lisa_harouni lisa_harouni]
| [[:d:Q23661649|Q23661649]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kofi Portrait.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6558163|Lisa Kristine]]''
| grianghrafadóir Meiriceánach
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1965-09-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lisa_kristine lisa_kristine]
| [[:d:Q6558163|Q6558163]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lisa Margonelli 2011 (6263290261).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23797751|Lisa Margonelli]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lisa_margonelli lisa_margonelli]
| [[:d:Q23797751|Q23797751]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lisa Mosconi (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q65201723|Lisa Mosconi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lisa_mosconi lisa_mosconi]
| [[:d:Q65201723|Q65201723]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lisa P. Jackson official portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q445734|Lisa P. Jackson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceimiceoir]]
| 1962-02-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lisa_jackson lisa_jackson]
| [[:d:Q445734|Q445734]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Liu Bolin painted portrait from Laurent Baillet.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q710377|Liu Bolin]]''
| ealaíontóir Síneach
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18216771|físealaíontóir]]''
| 1973-01-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Daon-Phoblacht na Síne]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/liu_bolin liu_bolin]
| [[:d:Q710377|Q710377]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Liu Thai Ker, 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19561233|Liu Thai Ker]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131062|pleanálaí]]''
| 1938-02-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Singeapór]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/liu_thai_ker liu_thai_ker]
| [[:d:Q19561233|Q19561233]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Liv Boeree 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q272529|Liv Boeree]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15295720|imreoir pócair]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]
| 1984-07-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Sasana]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/liv_boeree liv_boeree]
| [[:d:Q272529|Q272529]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q120610499|Liz Fosslien]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2994387|sainchomhairleoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q644687|maisitheoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/liz_fosslien liz_fosslien]
| [[:d:Q120610499|Q120610499]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q109566748|Liz Ogbu]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131062|pleanálaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/liz_ogbu liz_ogbu]
| [[:d:Q109566748|Q109566748]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Portrait-liza-donnelly.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6660387|Liza Donnelly]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1114448|cartúnaí]]''
| 1955-01-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/liza_donnelly liza_donnelly]
| [[:d:Q6660387|Q6660387]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q51473738|Lonneke Gordijn]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1980-03-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29999|Ríocht na hÍsiltíre]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lonneke_gordijn lonneke_gordijn]
| [[:d:Q51473738|Q51473738]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Napoleoni Loretta by Peter Hodsoll 380dpi.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2617501|Loretta Napoleoni]]''
| iriseoir Iodálach
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1955-07-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Iodáil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/loretta_napoleoni loretta_napoleoni]
| [[:d:Q2617501|Q2617501]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Loretta Ross The Laura Flanders Show 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q50361895|Loretta Ross]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1953-08-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/loretta_j_ross loretta_j_ross]
| [[:d:Q50361895|Q50361895]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6681071|Lori Gottlieb]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1900167|síciteiripeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1086863|colúnaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''
| 1966-12-20&lt;br/&gt;1967
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lori_gottlieb lori_gottlieb]
| [[:d:Q6681071|Q6681071]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Privacy and security in a connected age.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6681722|Lorrie Cranor]]''
| scoláire Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1971-02-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lorrie_faith_cranor lorrie_faith_cranor]
| [[:d:Q6681722|Q6681722]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Louie Schwartzberg (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3260256|Louis Schwartzberg]]''
| stiúrthóir scannán Meiriceánach
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q222344|cineamatagrafadóir]]''
| 1950-02-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/louie_schwartzberg louie_schwartzberg]
| [[:d:Q3260256|Q3260256]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Fresco Louise Foto Henk Thomas.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3490296|Louise Fresco]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1086863|colúnaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4263842|léirmheastóir liteartha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1952-02-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29999|Ríocht na hÍsiltíre]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/louise_fresco louise_fresco]
| [[:d:Q3490296|Q3490296]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q454074|Louise Leakey]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1662561|pailé-ointeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[seandálaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17488316|réamhstaraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21272406|pailé-antraipeolaí]]''
| 1972-03-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/louise_leakey louise_leakey]
| [[:d:Q454074|Q454074]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11763228|Luca Turin]]''
| bitheolaí móilíneach Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q5287861|príomhoifigeach teicneolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839206|bitheolaí móilíneach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14906342|bithfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1953-11-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Liobáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/luca_turin luca_turin]
| [[:d:Q11763228|Q11763228]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q90257762|Lucas N. Joppa]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lucas_joppa lucas_joppa]
| [[:d:Q90257762|Q90257762]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lucianne Walkowicz (cropped).png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23656158|Lucianne M. Walkowicz]]''
| 
| [[réalteolaí]]
| 1979
| [[Inscne neamhdhénártha|neamh-dhénártha]]
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lucianne_walkowicz lucianne_walkowicz]
| [[:d:Q23656158|Q23656158]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:LuciePinson2021.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q104081019|Lucie Pinson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1985
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lucie_pinson lucie_pinson]
| [[:d:Q104081019|Q104081019]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:TEDxAmsterdam Live 0511 (5933038975).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16194527|Lucien Engelen]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1962-07-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lucien_engelen lucien_engelen]
| [[:d:Q16194527|Q16194527]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q69619569|Lucy C. Hone]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lucy_hone lucy_hone]
| [[:d:Q69619569|Q69619569]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q33127640|Lucy Cooke]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q350979|míoleolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2059704|stiúrthóir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11814411|documentarian]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1970-03-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lucy_cooke lucy_cooke]
| [[:d:Q33127640|Q33127640]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lucy McBath, official portrait, 116th Congress.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q54358424|Lucy McBath]]''
| polaiteoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q101539|aeróstach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1960-06-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lucy_mcbath lucy_mcbath]
| [[:d:Q54358424|Q54358424]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Body Architect.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23662194|Lucy McRae]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11977439|interaction designer]]''
| 1979
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lucy_mcrae lucy_mcrae]
| [[:d:Q23662194|Q23662194]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q86901696|Ludmila Rattis]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ludmila_rattis ludmila_rattis]
| [[:d:Q86901696|Q86901696]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662726|Ludwick Marishane]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ludwick_marishane ludwick_marishane]
| [[:d:Q23662726|Q23662726]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q68704888|Luhan Yang]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/luhan_yang luhan_yang]
| [[:d:Q68704888|Q68704888]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q28086279|Luis Zayas]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15319501|eolaí sóisialta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/luis_zayas luis_zayas]
| [[:d:Q28086279|Q28086279]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Luis von Ahn.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q92984|Luis von Ahn]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1978-08-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Guatamala]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/luis_von_ahn luis_von_ahn]
| [[:d:Q92984|Q92984]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:2025-04-29-Luisa Neubauer-Maischberger-2989.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q61625543|Luisa Neubauer]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q901402|tíreolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1996-04-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/luisa_neubauer luisa_neubauer]
| [[:d:Q61625543|Q61625543]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Luke Sital-Singh (Haldern Pop Festival 2014) IMGP1705 smial wp.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16232430|Luke Sital-Singh]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]
| 1988-03-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/luke_sital_singh luke_sital_singh]
| [[:d:Q16232430|Q16232430]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23727939|Luke Syson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q674426|coimeádaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1162163|stiúrthóir]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/luke_syson luke_syson]
| [[:d:Q23727939|Q23727939]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6702999|Luma Mufleh]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Traenálaí|cóitseálaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''
| 1975-03-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/luma_mufleh luma_mufleh]
| [[:d:Q6702999|Q6702999]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q27494203|Luvvie Ajayi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11774202|scríbhneoir aistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q70591255|digital strategist]]''
| 1985-01-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Nigéir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/luvvie_ajayi luvvie_ajayi]
| [[:d:Q27494203|Q27494203]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4795205|Lynn J. Rothschild]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1957-05-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lynn_rothschild lynn_rothschild]
| [[:d:Q4795205|Q4795205]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q91830904|Lýdia Machová]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q323081|ilbhéarlach]]''
| 1989-04-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lydia_machova lydia_machova]
| [[:d:Q91830904|Q91830904]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q60655946|M. Saad Bhamla]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q108348508|biomechanic]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/saad_bhamla saad_bhamla]
| [[:d:Q60655946|Q60655946]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ma Jun - Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2012 crop.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q986613|Ma Jun]]''
| comhshaolaí Síneach
| ''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15931838|investigative journalist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839134|éiceolaí]]''
| 1968-05-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Daon-Phoblacht na Síne]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jun_ma jun_ma]
| [[:d:Q986613|Q986613]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ma Yansong World Economic Forum 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q8048959|Ma Yansong]]''
| ailtire Síneach
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1975
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Daon-Phoblacht na Síne]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ma_yansong ma_yansong]
| [[:d:Q8048959|Q8048959]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Maajid Nawaz speaking at LibDem campaign event.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Maajid Nawaz]]
| gníomhaí Briotanach (rugadh 1977)
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11774202|scríbhneoir aistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11499147|gníomhaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1977-11-02&lt;br/&gt;1978
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/maajid_nawaz maajid_nawaz]
| [[:d:Q6721039|Q6721039]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mac Barnett 2018.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6722199|Mac Barnett]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]''
| 1982-08-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mac_barnett mac_barnett]
| [[:d:Q6722199|Q6722199]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782713|Mac Stone]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mac_stone mac_stone]
| [[:d:Q23782713|Q23782713]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q113976785|Machine Dazzle]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''
| 1972
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/machine_dazzle machine_dazzle]
| [[:d:Q113976785|Q113976785]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Madeleine Albright 1997.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Madeleine Albright]]
| taidhleoir Meiriceánach
| [[taidhleoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q121998|ambasadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6051619|iriseoir tuairime]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aire rialtais]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7330070|aire eachtrach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18814623|dírbheathaisnéisí]]''
| 1937-05-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an tSeicslóvaic]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/madeleine_albright madeleine_albright]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/814 814]
| [[:d:Q174438|Q174438]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q58413987|Madison McFerrin]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]
| 1991-11-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/madison_mcferrin madison_mcferrin]
| [[:d:Q58413987|Q58413987]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q125320068|Mads Tang-Christensen]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mads_tang_christensen mads_tang_christensen]
| [[:d:Q125320068|Q125320068]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mae Carol Jemison.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q34091|Mae C. Jemison]]''
| 
| [[spásaire]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]''
| 1956-10-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mae_jemison mae_jemison]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/444 444]
| [[:d:Q34091|Q34091]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Magatte Wade 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q30547266|Magatte Wade]]''
| bean ghnó Sheineagálach
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1976
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an tSeineagáil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/magatte_wade magatte_wade]
| [[:d:Q30547266|Q30547266]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q84076056|Magda Sayeg]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/magda_sayeg magda_sayeg]
| [[:d:Q84076056|Q84076056]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q600738|Magnus Larsson]]''
| imreoir leadóige Sualannach
| ''[[:d:Q10833314|imreoir leadóige]]''
| 1970-03-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSualainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/magnus_larsson magnus_larsson]
| [[:d:Q600738|Q600738]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q115735933|Mahendra Singhi]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mahendra_singhi mahendra_singhi]
| [[:d:Q115735933|Q115735933]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mai Lan.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15211605|Mai Lan]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3501317|dearthóir faisin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]
| 1982
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mai_lan mai_lan]
| [[:d:Q15211605|Q15211605]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Maira kalman 2010.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6736888|Maira Kalman]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q644687|maisitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1949
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/maira_kalman maira_kalman]
| [[:d:Q6736888|Q6736888]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Majora-Carter-headshot.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6738379|Majora Carter]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2722764|pearsa raidió]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q104541864|urban activist]]''
| 1966-10-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/majora_carter majora_carter]
| [[:d:Q6738379|Q6738379]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Malala Yousafzai at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival 5.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Malala Yousafzai]]
| gníomhaí Pacastánach
| ''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11774156|údar cuimhní cinn]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28692502|gníomhaí ar son chearta na mban]]''
| 1997-07-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Phacastáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/malala_yousafzai malala_yousafzai]
| [[:d:Q32732|Q32732]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Malcolm Gladwell 2014 (cropped) -2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q318429|Malcolm Gladwell]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1963-09-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/malcolm_gladwell malcolm_gladwell]
| [[:d:Q318429|Q318429]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23713725|Malcolm London]]''
| 
| [[file]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/malcolm_london malcolm_london]
| [[:d:Q23713725|Q23713725]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:MalcomMcLarenspeaking.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q325377|Malcolm McLaren]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1344174|gníomhaire tallainne]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Léiritheoir ceoil|léiritheoir ceirníní]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1320883|bainisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21550489|ealaíntóir choincheapúil]]''
| 1946-01-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/malcolm_mclaren malcolm_mclaren]
| [[:d:Q325377|Q325377]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mallika-sarabhai-before-performance-saarang-2011-iit-madras.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3518417|Mallika Sarabhai Shah]]''
| 
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5716684|damhsóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1954-05-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mallika_sarabhai mallika_sarabhai]
| [[:d:Q3518417|Q3518417]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rp23wiki-67.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1525015|Malte Spitz]]''
| polaiteoir Gearmánach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1984-04-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/malte_spitz malte_spitz]
| [[:d:Q1525015|Q1525015]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Manal al-Shraif face (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q445754|Manal al-Sharif]]''
| gníomhaí Arabach Sádach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1979-04-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Araib Shádach]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/manal_al_sharif manal_al_sharif]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1587 1587]
| [[:d:Q445754|Q445754]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782698|Mandy Len Catron]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mandy_len_catron mandy_len_catron]
| [[:d:Q23782698|Q23782698]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mandë Holford at World Economic Forum.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q55264577|Mandë Holford]]''
| 
| [[taidhleoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ceimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mande_holford mande_holford]
| [[:d:Q55264577|Q55264577]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q41571330|Manoush Zomorodi]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1973-06-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/manoush_zomorodi manoush_zomorodi]
| [[:d:Q41571330|Q41571330]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Manu Prakash at TED.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q22063727|Manu Prakash]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q14906342|bithfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q26848923|bioengineer]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/manu_prakash manu_prakash]
| [[:d:Q22063727|Q22063727]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Manuel Lima.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6752682|Manuel Lima]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1978-05-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Phortaingéil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/manuel_lima manuel_lima]
| [[:d:Q6752682|Q6752682]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mar Hershenson.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q87147801|Mar Hershenson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Spáinn]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mar_hershenson mar_hershenson]
| [[:d:Q87147801|Q87147801]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q91998245|Marah J. Hardt]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3546255|aigéaneolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839134|éiceolaí]]''
| 1978
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marah_j_hardt marah_j_hardt]
| [[:d:Q91998245|Q91998245]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Marc Abraham in Chile with AECH 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6755336|Marc Abrahams]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15143191|cumarsáidí eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q184253|Duais Ig Nobel]]''
| 1956
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marc_abrahams marc_abrahams]
| [[:d:Q6755336|Q6755336]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Marc Bamuthi Joseph, interview with YBCA (July 2014).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6755368|Marc Bamuthi Joseph]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2490358|cóiréagrafaí]]''
| 1975
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marc_bamuthi_joseph marc_bamuthi_joseph]
| [[:d:Q6755368|Q6755368]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662529|Marc Goodman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marc_goodman marc_goodman]
| [[:d:Q23662529|Q23662529]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Marc koska.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6755670|Marc Koska]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1961-03-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marc_koska marc_koska]
| [[:d:Q6755670|Q6755670]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19881192|Marc Kushner]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 1977-09-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marc_kushner marc_kushner]
| [[:d:Q19881192|Q19881192]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15917299|Marc Pachter]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q780596|coimeádaí taispeántais]]''
| 1943-05-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marc_pachter marc_pachter]
| [[:d:Q15917299|Q15917299]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Marc raibert cebit hannover 2018.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6755817|Marc Raibert]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1949-10-22&lt;br/&gt;1949-12-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marc_raibert marc_raibert]
| [[:d:Q6755817|Q6755817]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q92425263|Marc Z Miskin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marc_miskin marc_miskin]
| [[:d:Q92425263|Q92425263]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:MarcelDicke2007.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18521479|Marcel Dicke]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3055126|feithideolaí]]''
| 1957-11-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29999|Ríocht na hÍsiltíre]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marcel_dicke marcel_dicke]
| [[:d:Q18521479|Q18521479]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Marcelo Mena.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q44010940|Marcelo Mena]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q13582652|innealtóir sibhialta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1975-03-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSile]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marcelo_mena_carrasco marcelo_mena_carrasco]
| [[:d:Q44010940|Q44010940]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23303134|Marcin Jakubowski]]''
| 
| 
| 1972
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marcin_jakubowski marcin_jakubowski]
| [[:d:Q23303134|Q23303134]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:MarcoAlverà.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q43191861|Marco Alverà]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''
| 1975-08-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Iodáil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marco_alvera marco_alvera]
| [[:d:Q43191861|Q43191861]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23728391|Marco Annunziata]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marco_annunziata marco_annunziata]
| [[:d:Q23728391|Q23728391]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Marco Tempest.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q124966|Marco Tempest]]''
| draíodóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q3387717|stiúrthóir drámaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15855449|draíodóir]]''
| 1964-12-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Eilvéis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marco_tempest marco_tempest]
| [[:d:Q124966|Q124966]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18352586|Marcus Byrne]]''
| taighdeoir as an Afraic Theas
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Afraic Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marcus_byrne marcus_byrne]
| [[:d:Q18352586|Q18352586]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sautoy2 cropped.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q536457|Marcus du Sautoy]]''
| matamaiticeoir Briotanach
| [[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1965-08-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marcus_du_sautoy marcus_du_sautoy]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/420 420]
| [[:d:Q536457|Q536457]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q101242984|Margaret Bourdeaux]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18121578|directeur de recherche]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/margaret_bourdeaux margaret_bourdeaux]
| [[:d:Q101242984|Q101242984]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23765418|Margaret Gould Stewart]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/margaret_stewart margaret_stewart]
| [[:d:Q23765418|Q23765418]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Margaret Heffernan.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6759505|Margaret Heffernan]]''
| bean ghnó Mheiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2462658|bainisteoir]]''
| 1955-06-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/margaret_heffernan margaret_heffernan]
| [[:d:Q6759505|Q6759505]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Margaret Levi (48747801107).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6759639|Margaret Levi]]''
| eolaí polaitíochta Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1947-03-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/margaret_levi margaret_levi]
| [[:d:Q6759639|Q6759639]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:MargaretMitchell2022.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q50346871|Margaret Mitchell]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q123574267|AI ethicist]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/margaret_mitchell margaret_mitchell]
| [[:d:Q50346871|Q50346871]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Margaret Wertheim speaking at TED in 2009 (cropped closer).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4990332|Margaret Wertheim]]''
| scríbhneoir Astrálach
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[matamaiticeoir]]
| 1958-08-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/margaret_wertheim margaret_wertheim]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/334 334]
| [[:d:Q4990332|Q4990332]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:P059772-352564 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q270820|Margrethe Vestager]]''
| polaiteoir Danmhargach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[file]]
| 1968-04-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q756617|Ríocht na Danmhairge]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/margrethe_vestager margrethe_vestager]
| [[:d:Q270820|Q270820]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23671015|Maria Bezaitis]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/maria_bezaitis maria_bezaitis]
| [[:d:Q23671015|Q23671015]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Maria DAMANAKI.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q261709|Maria Damanaki]]''
| polaiteoir Gréagach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1952-05-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Ghréig]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/maria_damanaki maria_damanaki]
| [[:d:Q261709|Q261709]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Maria Popova.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6761505|Maria Popova]]''
| scríbhneoir
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1984-07-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Bhulgáir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/maria_popova maria_popova]
| [[:d:Q6761505|Q6761505]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q28025108|Maria Van Kerkhove]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|eipidéimeolaí]]''
| 1977-02-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/maria_van_kerkhove maria_van_kerkhove]
| [[:d:Q28025108|Q28025108]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q24083392|Mariam Veiszadeh]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1984
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mariam_veiszadeh_TEDxSydney20170615-22177 mariam_veiszadeh_TEDxSydney20170615-22177]
| [[:d:Q24083392|Q24083392]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Marian Bantjes Pop!Tech.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3847649|Marian Bantjes]]''
| dearthóir grafaicí Ceanadach
| ''[[:d:Q627325|dearthóir grafaicí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q644687|maisitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1229025|clóghrafóir]]''
| 1963-03-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marian_bantjes marian_bantjes]
| [[:d:Q3847649|Q3847649]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Marian Wright Edelman, 2010 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1896700|Marian Wright Edelman]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q85305832|children's rights activist]]''
| 1939-06-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marian_wright_edelman marian_wright_edelman]
| [[:d:Q1896700|Q1896700]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mariana Mazzucato.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15127513|Mariana Mazzucato]]''
| eacnamaí
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''
| 1968-06-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Iodáil]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mariana_mazzucato mariana_mazzucato]
| [[:d:Q15127513|Q15127513]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q55688837|Mariano Sigman]]''
| taighdeoir
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1972
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Airgintín]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mariano_sigman mariano_sigman]
| [[:d:Q55688837|Q55688837]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q88976878|Marily Oppezzo]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marily_oppezzo marily_oppezzo]
| [[:d:Q88976878|Q88976878]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Marilyn Waring 2020 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q268510|Marilyn Waring]]''
| polaiteoir agus scoláire Nua-Shéalannach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[feirmeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28692502|gníomhaí ar son chearta na mban]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 1952-10-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Nua-Shéalainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marilyn_waring marilyn_waring]
| [[:d:Q268510|Q268510]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Marina Abramović. The Cleaner (45524492341).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q47496|Marina Abramović]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q10774753|taibhealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18216771|físealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19850998|ealaíontóir fuaime]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2707485|radharcagrafaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''
| 1946-11-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q1290149|Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q83286|Poblacht Shóisialach Chónaidhme na hIúgsláive]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q838261|Poblacht Chónaidhme na hIúgslaive]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[an tSeirbia agus Montainéagró]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an tSeirbia]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Iúgslaiv]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marina_abramovic marina_abramovic]
| [[:d:Q47496|Q47496]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23760166|Marisa Fick-Jordan]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marisa_fick_jordan marisa_fick_jordan]
| [[:d:Q23760166|Q23760166]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q113679918|Marisa Franco]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15143191|cumarsáidí eolaíochta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marisa_franco marisa_franco]
| [[:d:Q113679918|Q113679918]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nacht van de Radicale Vernieuwing (44737558181) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q33044550|Marjan van Aubel]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7541856|criadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1985
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29999|Ríocht na hÍsiltíre]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marjan_van_aubel marjan_van_aubel]
| [[:d:Q33044550|Q33044550]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mark Applebaum at TEDx Stanford (7231657568).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6766581|Mark Applebaum]]''
| cumadóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]
| 1967
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mark_applebaum mark_applebaum]
| [[:d:Q6766581|Q6766581]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23784752|Mark Bezos]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1969-05-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mark_bezos mark_bezos]
| [[:d:Q23784752|Q23784752]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mark Bittman 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3294002|Mark Bittman]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3499072|chef]]''
| 1950-02-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mark_bittman mark_bittman]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/234 234]
| [[:d:Q3294002|Q3294002]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mark Forsyth portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16216552|Mark Forsyth]]''
| scríbhneoir Briotanach
| ''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16312408|etymologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1977-04-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mark_forsyth mark_forsyth]
| [[:d:Q16216552|Q16216552]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mark Kendall (born 1972) in the video 'WearOptimo and ANU – towards a healthcare future within the fourth industrial revolution'.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23670507|Mark Kendall]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19902880|biomedical engineer]]''
| 1972-04-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mark_kendall mark_kendall]
| [[:d:Q23670507|Q23670507]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15994669|Mark Pagel]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16063497|bitheolaí éabhlóideach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1954-06-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mark_pagel mark_pagel]
| [[:d:Q15994669|Q15994669]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:D07cd11-Guarup-Xingu-2007-Sue photos (22).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6769279|Mark Plotkin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|luibheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q32518759|eitnealuibheolaí]]''
| 1955-05-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mark_plotkin mark_plotkin]
| [[:d:Q6769279|Q6769279]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mark Pollock.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6769287|Mark Pollock]]''
| lúthchleasaí Éireannach
| ''[[:d:Q11900058|taiscéalaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15982858|cainteoir inspreagtha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18814623|dírbheathaisnéisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13382576|iomróir]]''
| 1976-02-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mark_pollock mark_pollock]
| [[:d:Q6769287|Q6769287]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662165|Mark Raymond]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mark_raymond mark_raymond]
| [[:d:Q23662165|Q23662165]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mark Ronson and Jennifer Su, 2011 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q425821|Mark Ronson]]''
| ceoltóir Sasanach
| ''[[:d:Q130857|dioscmharcach]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Léiritheoir ceoil|léiritheoir ceirníní]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q855091|giotáraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]
| 1975-09-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mark_ronson mark_ronson]
| [[:d:Q425821|Q425821]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6769512|Mark Roth]]''
| 
| [[bithcheimiceoir]]
| 1958
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mark_roth mark_roth]
| [[:d:Q6769512|Q6769512]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23713549|Mark Shaw]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mark_shaw mark_shaw]
| [[:d:Q23713549|Q23713549]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q51002222|Mark W. Tyndall]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mark_tyndall mark_tyndall]
| [[:d:Q51002222|Q51002222]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mark Z. Jacobson.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6770480|Mark Z. Jacobson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1113838|clíomeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19377727|environmental engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]
| 1965
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mark_z_jacobson mark_z_jacobson]
| [[:d:Q6770480|Q6770480]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662733|Markham Nolan]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/markham_nolan markham_nolan]
| [[:d:Q23662733|Q23662733]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23656649|Markus Fischer]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/markus_fischer markus_fischer]
| [[:d:Q23656649|Q23656649]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Markus giesler.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1789020|Markus Giesler]]''
| eacnamaí Ceanadach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q104629540|editor]]''
| 1976-07-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/markus_giesler markus_giesler]
| [[:d:Q1789020|Q1789020]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16751209|Marla Spivak]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q350979|míoleolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3055126|feithideolaí]]''
| 1955
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marla_spivak marla_spivak]
| [[:d:Q16751209|Q16751209]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Marlene Zuk, Palmerston North City Library.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7472231|Marlene Zuk]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839134|éiceolaí]]''
| 1956-05-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marlene_zuk marlene_zuk]
| [[:d:Q7472231|Q7472231]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:1 martha minow commencement 2010 harvard.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q522066|Martha Minow]]''
| dlí-eolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[saineolaí dlí]]
| 1954-12-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/martha_minow martha_minow]
| [[:d:Q522066|Q522066]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Martin Ford Speaking July 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19971558|Martin Ford]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q846430|todhchaíoch]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/martin_ford martin_ford]
| [[:d:Q19971558|Q19971558]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23656755|Martin Hanczyc]]''
| 
| [[ceimiceoir]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/martin_hanczyc martin_hanczyc]
| [[:d:Q23656755|Q23656755]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Martin Jacques (2012).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6775790|Martin Jacques]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15958754|craoltóir]]''
| 1945-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/martin_jacques martin_jacques]
| [[:d:Q6775790|Q6775790]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Martin Lockley - Dinosaur Age Meets the Space Age at NASA Goddard (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6776022|Martin Lockley]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|pailé-ointeolaí]]''
| 1950-03-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/martin_lockley_TEDxMileHigh20220806-51475 martin_lockley_TEDxMileHigh20220806-51475]
| [[:d:Q6776022|Q6776022]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q20011313|Martin Pistorius]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6859454|forbróir gréasáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1975-12-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Afraic Theas]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/martin_pistorius martin_pistorius]
| [[:d:Q20011313|Q20011313]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Official portrait of Lord Rees of Ludlow crop 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q335213|Martin Rees]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2998308|cosmeolaí]]''
| 1942-06-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sir_martin_rees sir_martin_rees]
| [[:d:Q335213|Q335213]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Martin Seligman Philadelphia 2009.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q320927|Martin Seligman]]''
| síceolaí agus scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18437198|imreoir beiriste]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1942-08-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/martin_seligman martin_seligman]
| [[:d:Q320927|Q320927]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Photo of filmmaker Martin Villeneuve, April 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3295670|Martin Villeneuve]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1978-03-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/martin_villeneuve martin_villeneuve]
| [[:d:Q3295670|Q3295670]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q30754553|Martina Flor]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q627325|dearthóir grafaicí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/martina_flor martina_flor]
| [[:d:Q30754553|Q30754553]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Martine-Rothblatt2-5773.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6777103|Martine Rothblatt]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19509201|gníomhaí ar son cearta daoine LADT]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1954-10-10
| [[Bean trasghnéasach|bean trasinscneach]]
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/martine_rothblatt martine_rothblatt]
| [[:d:Q6777103|Q6777103]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Marvin Minsky at OLPC.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q204815|Marvin Minsky]]''
| eolaí cognaíoch Meiriceánach
| [[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''
| 1927-08-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marvin_minsky marvin_minsky]
| [[:d:Q204815|Q204815]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Marvin Rees - 2023 (52717617130) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q24039198|Marvin Rees]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q837703|stiúrthóir neamhfheidhmiúcháin]]''
| 1972-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marvin_rees marvin_rees]
| [[:d:Q24039198|Q24039198]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Marwa Al-Sabouni.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q71169687|Marwa Al-Sabouni]]''
| ailtire Siriach
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1981-09-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an tSiria]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/marwa_al_sabouni marwa_al_sabouni]
| [[:d:Q71169687|Q71169687]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mary Ann Sieghart at Chiswick Book Festival (51456855512) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6778913|Mary Ann Sieghart]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2722764|pearsa raidió]]''
| 1961-08-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mary_ann_sieghart mary_ann_sieghart]
| [[:d:Q6778913|Q6778913]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q114731911|Mary Ellen Hannibal]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mary_ellen_hannibal mary_ellen_hannibal]
| [[:d:Q114731911|Q114731911]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mary Gray, Microsoft Research, December 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q59434193|Mary L. Gray]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6386271|media scholar]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mary_gray mary_gray]
| [[:d:Q59434193|Q59434193]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mlj feb 25-hires.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q41638|Mary Lou Jepsen]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1965-04-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mary_lou_jepsen mary_lou_jepsen]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1465 1465]
| [[:d:Q41638|Q41638]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q123557701|Mary Maker]]''
| 
| [[múinteoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an tSúdáin Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mary_maker mary_maker]
| [[:d:Q123557701|Q123557701]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mary Norris 2019 Texas Book Festival.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q20979342|Mary Norris]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1952-02-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mary_norris mary_norris]
| [[:d:Q20979342|Q20979342]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mary Roach at TED in 2009.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q444136|Mary Roach]]''
| scríbhneoir eolaíochta Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q18533509|medical writer]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q123853167|magazine writer]]''
| 1959-03-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mary_roach mary_roach]
| [[:d:Q444136|Q444136]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:TempleGrandin (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q232810|Mary Temple Grandin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q350979|míoleolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]
| 1947-08-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/temple_grandin temple_grandin]
| [[:d:Q232810|Q232810]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:MARY T. BASSETT in 2023 06.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23767444|Mary Travis Bassett]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|eipidéimeolaí]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mary_bassett mary_bassett]
| [[:d:Q23767444|Q23767444]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q108913675|Mary Ziegler]]''
| 
| [[saineolaí dlí]]
| 1982-03-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mary_ziegler mary_ziegler]
| [[:d:Q108913675|Q108913675]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23498467|Maryn McKenna]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1959-01-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/maryn_mckenna maryn_mckenna]
| [[:d:Q23498467|Q23498467]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6004352|María Neira]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1162163|stiúrthóir]]''
| 1962
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Spáinn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/maria_neira maria_neira]
| [[:d:Q6004352|Q6004352]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:-VLPowerSummit 2017 - María Teresa Kumar (38165224031).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q59110013|María Teresa Kumar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11499147|gníomhaí polaitiúil]]''
| 1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Cholóim]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/maria_teresa_kumar maria_teresa_kumar]
| [[:d:Q59110013|Q59110013]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Massimo banzi.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16174456|Massimo Banzi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1231865|oideolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2994387|sainchomhairleoir]]''
| 1968-02-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Iodáil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/massimo_banzi massimo_banzi]
| [[:d:Q16174456|Q16174456]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q91168750|Mathias Basner]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mathias_basner mathias_basner]
| [[:d:Q91168750|Q91168750]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783045|Mathias Jud]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Eilvéis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mathias_jud mathias_jud]
| [[:d:Q23783045|Q23783045]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3298792|Mathieu Lehanneur]]''
| dearthóir Francach
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1974-08-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mathieu_lehanneur mathieu_lehanneur]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/501 501]
| [[:d:Q3298792|Q3298792]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Matt Cutts Headshot.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q890702|Matt Cutts]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1972
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/matt_cutts matt_cutts]
| [[:d:Q890702|Q890702]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16194081|Matt Goldman]]''
| 
| [[Léiritheoir ceoil|léiritheoir ceirníní]]&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]
| 1969-12-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/matt_goldman matt_goldman]
| [[:d:Q16194081|Q16194081]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3299487|Matt Johnson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q386854|drumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4351403|cnagcheoltóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q183888|forbróir bogearraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1779650|innealtóir dearaidh]]''
| 1970-11-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/matt_johnson matt_johnson]
| [[:d:Q3299487|Q3299487]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769530|Matt Kenyon]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''
| 1977
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/matt_kenyon matt_kenyon]
| [[:d:Q23769530|Q23769530]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662668|Matt Killingsworth]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/matt_killingsworth matt_killingsworth]
| [[:d:Q23662668|Q23662668]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662543|Matt Mills]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/matthew_mills_and_tamara_roukaerts matthew_mills_and_tamara_roukaerts]
| [[:d:Q23662543|Q23662543]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Matt Mullenweg (1).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q92877|Matt Mullenweg]]''
| fiontraí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5482740|ríomhchláraitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''
| 1984-01-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/matt_mullenweg matt_mullenweg]
| [[:d:Q92877|Q92877]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Official portrait of Viscount Ridley crop 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q961972|Matt Ridley]]''
| údar agus iriseoir Briotanach
| ''[[:d:Q806798|baincéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q350979|míoleolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1483709|úinéir talún]]''
| 1958-02-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/matt_ridley matt_ridley]
| [[:d:Q961972|Q961972]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23301826|Matt Weinstein]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/matt_weinstein matt_weinstein]
| [[:d:Q23301826|Q23301826]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q124606154|Matthew A. Wilson]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/matt_wilson matt_wilson]
| [[:d:Q124606154|Q124606154]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Matthew Carter, 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q383244|Matthew Carter]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q354034|clódhearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q635734|cartlannaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1937-10-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/matthew_carter matthew_carter]
| [[:d:Q383244|Q383244]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783062|Matthew Childs]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/matthew_childs matthew_childs]
| [[:d:Q23783062|Q23783062]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mathew Mazzotta head shot.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q66685136|Matthew Mazzotta]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 1977
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/matthew_mazzotta matthew_mazzotta]
| [[:d:Q66685136|Q66685136]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759559|Matthew O'Reilly]]''
| 
| [[teicneoir éigeandála leighis]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/matthew_o_reilly matthew_o_reilly]
| [[:d:Q23759559|Q23759559]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Matt Scientist Headshot.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q52637795|Matthew P. Walker]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''
| 1973
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/matthew_walker matthew_walker]
| [[:d:Q52637795|Q52637795]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131552206|Matthew S. Broadhurst]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/matthew_broadhurst matthew_broadhurst]
| [[:d:Q131552206|Q131552206]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783080|Matthew White]]''
| 
| [[ceoltóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/matthew_white matthew_white]
| [[:d:Q23783080|Q23783080]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q24041573|Matthew Williams]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2066131|lúthchleasaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/matthew_williams matthew_williams]
| [[:d:Q24041573|Q24041573]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Portrait de Matthieu Ricard.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q732418|Matthieu Ricard]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q854997|manach Búdaíoch]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q333634|aistritheoir]]''
| 1946-02-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/matthieu_ricard matthieu_ricard]
| [[:d:Q732418|Q732418]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Seracini.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q283470|Maurizio Seracini]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q381160|saineolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]
| 1946-12-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Iodáil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/maurizio_seracini maurizio_seracini]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1296 1296]
| [[:d:Q283470|Q283470]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662756|Max Little]]''
| 
| [[matamaiticeoir]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/max_little max_little]
| [[:d:Q23662756|Q23662756]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Max Rashbrooke writer.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q93320757|Max Rashbrooke]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Nua-Shéalainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/max_rashbrooke max_rashbrooke]
| [[:d:Q93320757|Q93320757]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Max Tegmark.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2076321|Max Tegmark]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2998308|cosmeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1967-05-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSualainn]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/max_tegmark max_tegmark]
| [[:d:Q2076321|Q2076321]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:IMG2055 Timchenko Max crop.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q13718768|Maxim Timchenko]]''
| fear gnó Úcránach
| ''[[:d:Q2462658|bainisteoir]]''
| 1975-08-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Úcráin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/maxim_timchenko maxim_timchenko]
| [[:d:Q13718768|Q13718768]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:20101227 May El-Khalil cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1489143|May El-Khalil]]''
| 
| 
| 1955-12-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/may_el_khalil may_el_khalil]
| [[:d:Q1489143|Q1489143]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4081184|Maya Beiser]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q13219637|dordveidhleadóir]]''
| 1963-12-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/maya_beiser maya_beiser]
| [[:d:Q4081184|Q4081184]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Maya Penn headshot.jpeg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19664921|Maya Penn]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q266569|beochantóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12362622|daonchara]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3501317|dearthóir faisin]]''
| 2000-02-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/maya_penn_1 maya_penn_1]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/maya_penn maya_penn]
| [[:d:Q19664921|Q19664921]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Maya Shankar.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q28033873|Maya Shankar]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/maya_shankar maya_shankar]
| [[:d:Q28033873|Q28033873]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:General Session with Maysoon Zayid.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6797978|Maysoon Zayid]]''
| fuirseoir
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/maysoon_zayid maysoon_zayid]
| [[:d:Q6797978|Q6797978]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Maz Jobrani VOA 02 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1142510|Maz Jobrani]]''
| fuirseoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]
| 1972-02-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Iaráin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/maz_jobrani maz_jobrani]
| [[:d:Q1142510|Q1142510]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23798616|McKenna Pope]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mckenna_pope mckenna_pope]
| [[:d:Q23798616|Q23798616]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759676|Meaghan Ramsey]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/meaghan_ramsey meaghan_ramsey]
| [[:d:Q23759676|Q23759676]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mechai Viravaidya 2008 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6584188|Mechai Viravaidya]]''
| gníomhaí Téalannach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1941-01-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Téalainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mechai_viravaidya mechai_viravaidya]
| [[:d:Q6584188|Q6584188]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759544|Meera Vijayann]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/meera_vijayann meera_vijayann]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/2071 2071]
| [[:d:Q23759544|Q23759544]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23670504|Meg Jay]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1113899|síceolaí cliniciúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''
| 1969-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/meg_jay meg_jay]
| [[:d:Q23670504|Q23670504]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662848|Megan Kamerick]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5394545|saoririseoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2722764|pearsa raidió]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/megan_kamerick megan_kamerick]
| [[:d:Q23662848|Q23662848]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Megan Phelps-Roper 266660.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q22279168|Megan Phelps-Roper]]''
| scríbhneoir agus gníomhaí Meiriceánach (1986-)
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2296674|social media manager]]''
| 1986-01-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/megan_phelps_roper megan_phelps_roper]
| [[:d:Q22279168|Q22279168]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Megan Washington.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6808754|Megan Washington]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q55960555|ealaíontóir taifeadta]]''
| 1986-01-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/megan_washington megan_washington]
| [[:d:Q6808754|Q6808754]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q101111736|Mehret Mandefro]]''
| 
| [[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mehret_mandefro mehret_mandefro]
| [[:d:Q101111736|Q101111736]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q59706643|Mei Lin Neo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mei_lin_neo mei_lin_neo]
| [[:d:Q59706643|Q59706643]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Meklit Hadero and Susie Ibarra (15276289548) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6810590|Meklit Hadero Meklit]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/meklit_hadero meklit_hadero]
| [[:d:Q6810590|Q6810590]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mélaku Belay &amp; Zenash Tsegay.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16664015|Melaku Belay]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2490358|cóiréagrafaí]]''
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Aetóip]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/melaku_belay melaku_belay]
| [[:d:Q16664015|Q16664015]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:ChangeNOW2022- Melati Wijsen, Youthtopia (52131649583) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q40757815|Melati Wijsen]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Indinéis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/melati_wijsen melati_wijsen]
| [[:d:Q40757815|Q40757815]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23688634|Melati and Isabel Wijsen]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/melati_and_isabel_wijsen melati_and_isabel_wijsen]
| [[:d:Q23688634|Q23688634]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Melinda Gates - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2011.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q463877|Melinda Gates]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15472169|pátrún]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12362622|daonchara]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4479442|bunaitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1964-08-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/melinda_french_gates melinda_french_gates]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/803 803]
| [[:d:Q463877|Q463877]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Melissa Fleming (2021).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23759770|Melissa Fleming]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17221|urlabhraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/melissa_fleming melissa_fleming]
| [[:d:Q23759770|Q23759770]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662348|Melissa Garren]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/melissa_garren melissa_garren]
| [[:d:Q23662348|Q23662348]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q85954688|Melissa J. Moore]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/melissa_j_moore melissa_j_moore]
| [[:d:Q85954688|Q85954688]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662916|Melissa Marshall]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/melissa_marshall melissa_marshall]
| [[:d:Q23662916|Q23662916]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Melissa Villasenor (Sad People Talking) 6843626905.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q26924494|Melissa Villaseñor]]''
| 
| [[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''
| 1987-10-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/melissa_villasenor melissa_villasenor]
| [[:d:Q26924494|Q26924494]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mellody Hobson.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6813152|Mellody Hobson]]''
| bean ghnó Mheiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1969-04-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mellody_hobson mellody_hobson]
| [[:d:Q6813152|Q6813152]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q24054818|Melvin Russell]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q384593|garda]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/melvin_russell melvin_russell]
| [[:d:Q24054818|Q24054818]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Memory Banda.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23760334|Memory Banda]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1996-09-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Mhaláiv]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/memory_banda memory_banda]
| [[:d:Q23760334|Q23760334]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mena Trott from The Sew Weekly.jpeg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q52826|Mena Grabowski Trott]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''
| 1977-09-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mena_trott mena_trott]
| [[:d:Q52826|Q52826]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q54956679|Mennat El Ghalid]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2487799|míceolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Éigipt]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mennat_el_ghalid mennat_el_ghalid]
| [[:d:Q54956679|Q54956679]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Menno schilthuizen-1578685008.jpeg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6817184|Menno Schilthuizen]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16271261|moileasceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16063497|bitheolaí éabhlóideach]]''
| 1965
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29999|Ríocht na hÍsiltíre]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/menno_schilthuizen menno_schilthuizen]
| [[:d:Q6817184|Q6817184]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Meta - Meron Gribetz - Founder-CEO - A.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q25095565|Meron Gribetz]]''
| fiontraí teicneolaíochta Iosraelach
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Iosrael]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/meron_gribetz meron_gribetz]
| [[:d:Q25095565|Q25095565]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Meryam Sugulle.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q100739878|Meryam Sugulle]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/meryam_sugulle meryam_sugulle]
| [[:d:Q100739878|Q100739878]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q61159386|Mesmin Destin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q10672931|síceolaí sóisialta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dr_mesmin_destin_TEDxChicago20220909-50392 dr_mesmin_destin_TEDxChicago20220909-50392]
| [[:d:Q61159386|Q61159386]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mia Birdsong.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23782693|Mia Birdsong]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mia_birdsong mia_birdsong]
| [[:d:Q23782693|Q23782693]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Michael Nielsen.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6833069|Michael A. Nielsen]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19350898|fisiceoir teoiriciúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5482740|ríomhchláraitheoir]]''
| 1974-01-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_nielsen michael_nielsen]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1094 1094]
| [[:d:Q6833069|Q6833069]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Michael Anti.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q536668|Michael Anti]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1086863|colúnaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''
| 1975
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Daon-Phoblacht na Síne]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_anti michael_anti]
| [[:d:Q536668|Q536668]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Michael Bierut.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3856114|Michael Bierut]]''
| dearthóir grafaicí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q627325|dearthóir grafaicí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1231865|oideolaí]]''
| 1957
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_bierut michael_bierut]
| [[:d:Q3856114|Q3856114]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Michael Botticelli.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6828740|Michael Botticelli]]''
| oifigeach poiblí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1958-01-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_botticelli michael_botticelli]
| [[:d:Q6828740|Q6828740]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6829848|Michael Dickinson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1963
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_dickinson michael_dickinson]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1551 1551]
| [[:d:Q6829848|Q6829848]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23670632|Michael Green]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 1966
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_green michael_green]
| [[:d:Q23670632|Q23670632]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759758|Michael Green]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_green_spi michael_green_spi]
| [[:d:Q23759758|Q23759758]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6830936|Michael Hansmeyer]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 1973
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_hansmeyer michael_hansmeyer]
| [[:d:Q6830936|Q6830936]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40001545|Michael Hendryx]]''
| 
| [[ollamh]]
| 1960
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_hendryx michael_hendryx]
| [[:d:Q40001545|Q40001545]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sociologist Michael Kimmel in 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1498283|Michael Kimmel]]''
| socheolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1951-02-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_kimmel michael_kimmel]
| [[:d:Q1498283|Q1498283]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q96176298|Michael L Middlebrooks]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_middlebrooks_TEDxPSU20220213-47536 michael_middlebrooks_TEDxPSU20220213-47536]
| [[:d:Q96176298|Q96176298]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Michael Levin.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q39444955|Michael Levin]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]
| 1969
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_levin michael_levin]
| [[:d:Q39444955|Q39444955]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Michael Patrick Lynch at Senate House.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6832368|Michael Lynch]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1966
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_lynch michael_lynch]
| [[:d:Q6832368|Q6832368]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662341|Michael McDaniel]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_mcdaniel michael_mcdaniel]
| [[:d:Q23662341|Q23662341]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6832811|Michael Merzenich]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 1942-05-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_merzenich michael_merzenich]
| [[:d:Q6832811|Q6832811]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23727972|Michael Metcalfe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_metcalfe michael_metcalfe]
| [[:d:Q23727972|Q23727972]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3308398|Michael Moschen]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17307272|taibheoir sorcais]]''
| 1955
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_moschen michael_moschen]
| [[:d:Q3308398|Q3308398]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662981|Michael Norton]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_norton michael_norton]
| [[:d:Q23662981|Q23662981]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23784724|Michael Pawlyn]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 1967-09-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_pawlyn michael_pawlyn]
| [[:d:Q23784724|Q23784724]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Michael Pollan at Yale 1 cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1138996|Michael Pollan]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''
| 1955-02-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_pollan michael_pollan]
| [[:d:Q1138996|Q1138996]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Michael porter.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q272146|Michael Porter]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1906857|innealtóir meicniúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10497074|innealtóir eitilte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1947-05-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_porter michael_porter]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1622 1622]
| [[:d:Q272146|Q272146]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783071|Michael Pritchard]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_pritchard michael_pritchard]
| [[:d:Q23783071|Q23783071]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23768729|Michael Rubinstein]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_rubinstein michael_rubinstein]
| [[:d:Q23768729|Q23768729]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Michael Sandel Me Judice.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q381044|Michael Sandel]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18930007|political philosopher]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1231865|oideolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1953-03-05&lt;br/&gt;1953-05-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_sandel michael_sandel]
| [[:d:Q381044|Q381044]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Michael Schur 2012 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1929297|Michael Schur]]''
| 
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1053574|léiritheoir feidhmiúcháin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1440873|ceannléiritheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2059704|stiúrthóir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1975-10-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_schur michael_schur]
| [[:d:Q1929297|Q1929297]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Michael Sheen crop n2 Good Omens panel at NYCC (61104).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Michael Sheen]]
| aisteoir Breatnach
| ''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|aisteoir stáitse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q116695160|aisteoir físchluiche]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2059704|stiúrthóir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q69423232|scríbhneoir scripte scannáin]]''
| 1969-02-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Bhreatain Bheag]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_sheen michael_sheen]
| [[:d:Q298276|Q298276]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Michael Shellenberger.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6834344|Michael Shellenberger]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q30131998|cultural anthropologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839134|éiceolaí]]''
| 1971-06-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_shellenberger michael_shellenberger]
| [[:d:Q6834344|Q6834344]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Michael Shermer wiki portrait4.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q126225|Michael Shermer]]''
| scríbhneoir eolaíochta Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16063546|historian of science]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2309784|rothaí spóirt]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''
| 1954-09-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_shermer michael_shermer]
| [[:d:Q126225|Q126225]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Michael Specter Headshot new.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2356503|Michael Specter]]''
| iriseoir
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1955
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_specter michael_specter]
| [[:d:Q2356503|Q2356503]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Michael Stevens VidCon 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q14436762|Michael Stevens]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17125263|cruthaitheoir YouTube]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15143191|cumarsáidí eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q974144|oideoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q138858|siamsóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''
| 1986-01-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_stevens michael_stevens]
| [[:d:Q14436762|Q14436762]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:MTTKeepingScore.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q520493|Michael Tilson Thomas]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q158852|stiúrthóir ceolfhoirne]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16145150|múinteoir ceoil]]''
| 1944-12-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_tilson_thomas michael_tilson_thomas]
| [[:d:Q520493|Q520493]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Michael Tubbs (34490285296).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q27916401|Michael Tubbs]]''
| polaiteoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1990-08-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_tubbs michael_tubbs]
| [[:d:Q27916401|Q27916401]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:General Fusion Michel Laberge (33250324636).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23727986|Michel Laberge]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]
| 1961
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michel_laberge michel_laberge]
| [[:d:Q23727986|Q23727986]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q60754633|Michel M Dugon]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5669847|ollamh cúnta]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michel_dugon michel_dugon]
| [[:d:Q60754633|Q60754633]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Michele Wucker - 2019.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q24204274|Michele Wucker]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1969
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michele_wucker michele_wucker]
| [[:d:Q24204274|Q24204274]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23661627|Michelle  Borkin]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michelle_borkin michelle_borkin]
| [[:d:Q23661627|Q23661627]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q96002234|Michelle Greene]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michelle_greene michelle_greene]
| [[:d:Q96002234|Q96002234]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q110336312|Michelle Kuo]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1792450|staraí na healaíne]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11774202|scríbhneoir aistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q674426|coimeádaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4164507|léirmheastóir ealaíne]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[staraí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michelle_kuo michelle_kuo]
| [[:d:Q110336312|Q110336312]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Michelle Obama 2013 official portrait (2).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Michelle Obama]]
| dlíodóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[saineolaí dlí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''
| 1964-01-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michelle_obama michelle_obama]
| [[:d:Q13133|Q13133]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:2024-11-29 Michèle Lamont 1080309.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3311640|Michèle Lamont]]''
| socheolaí Ceanadach
| ''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1957-12-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michele_lamont michele_lamont]
| [[:d:Q3311640|Q3311640]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mick Cornett (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12003032|Mick Cornett]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1958-07-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mick_cornett mick_cornett]
| [[:d:Q12003032|Q12003032]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mick Ebeling (2015).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6838160|Mick Ebeling]]''
| 
| [[léiritheoir scannáin]]
| 1970-11-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mick_ebeling mick_ebeling]
| [[:d:Q6838160|Q6838160]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16732921|Mick Mountz]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mick_mountz mick_mountz]
| [[:d:Q16732921|Q16732921]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q92753609|Miguel A Modestino]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7888586|chemical engineer]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Veiniséala]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/miguel_modestino miguel_modestino]
| [[:d:Q92753609|Q92753609]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Miguel Nicolelis (16397324065).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q976399|Miguel Nicolelis]]''
| néareolaí Brasaíleach
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[néareolaí]]
| 1961-03-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Bhrasaíl]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/miguel_nicolelis miguel_nicolelis]
| [[:d:Q976399|Q976399]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q316147|Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''
| 1934-09-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ungáir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mihaly_csikszentmihalyi mihaly_csikszentmihalyi]
| [[:d:Q316147|Q316147]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q89906394|Miho Janvier]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/miho_janvier miho_janvier]
| [[:d:Q89906394|Q89906394]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q957612|Mike Archer]]''
| pailé-ointeolaí Astrálach
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|pailé-ointeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1945-03-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_archer michael_archer]
| [[:d:Q957612|Q957612]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657163|Mike Biddle]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/michael_biddle michael_biddle]
| [[:d:Q23657163|Q23657163]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mike Cannon-Brookes Australian businessman.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23939846|Mike Cannon-Brookes]]''
| fear gnó Astrálach
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1979-11-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mike_cannon_brookes mike_cannon_brookes]
| [[:d:Q23939846|Q23939846]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mikematas.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21463338|Mike Matas]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q627325|dearthóir grafaicí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q107573818|icon designer]]''
| 1986-03-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mike_matas mike_matas]
| [[:d:Q21463338|Q21463338]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mike Rowe.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q455808|Mike Rowe]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''
| 1962-03-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mike_rowe mike_rowe]
| [[:d:Q455808|Q455808]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q24053199|Mike Velings]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16060693|caomhantóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q56249301|pisciculturist]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mike_velings mike_velings]
| [[:d:Q24053199|Q24053199]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mike deGruy.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6849378|Mike deGruy]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1235146|déantóir scannán faisnéise]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q222344|cineamatagrafadóir]]''
| 1951-12-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mike_degruy mike_degruy]
| [[:d:Q6849378|Q6849378]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mikhail Zygar 2024 (2).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4194814|Mikhail Zygar]]''
| iriseoir Rúiseach
| ''[[:d:Q15973695|political reporter]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12144794|scríbhneoir próis]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3455803|stiúrthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q164236|comhfhreagraí cogaidh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q589298|príomheagarthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6051619|iriseoir tuairime]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q108800680|media executive]]''
| 1981-01-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Rúis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mikhail_zygar mikhail_zygar]
| [[:d:Q4194814|Q4194814]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mikko Hypponen (12340136955) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2489610|Mikko Hyppönen]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28344495|comhairleoir slándála ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9379869|léachtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q381160|saineolaí]]''
| 1969-10-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhionlainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mikko_hypponen mikko_hypponen]
| [[:d:Q2489610|Q2489610]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Milton glaser.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1351481|Milton Glaser]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q644687|maisitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q627325|dearthóir grafaicí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1229025|clóghrafóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1925963|ealaíontóir grafach]]''
| 1929-06-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/milton_glaser milton_glaser]
| [[:d:Q1351481|Q1351481]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4794835|Mina Bissell]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15839206|bitheolaí móilíneach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839136|bitheolaí ceall]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bithcheimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1940
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Iaráin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mina_bissell mina_bissell]
| [[:d:Q4794835|Q4794835]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q73482980|Mindy Scheier]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3501317|dearthóir faisin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mindy_scheier mindy_scheier]
| [[:d:Q73482980|Q73482980]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23809265|Miranda Wang &amp; Jeanny Yao]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/miranda_wang_and_jenny_yao miranda_wang_and_jenny_yao]
| [[:d:Q23809265|Q23809265]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Miru Kim in paris catacombs.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6874759|Miru Kim]]''
| ealaíontóir Meiriceánach
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1981
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/miru_kim miru_kim]
| [[:d:Q6874759|Q6874759]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:2022 - Opening Night PO1 3566 (52470197912) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q99528599|Misan Harriman]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1977
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Nigéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/misan_harriman misan_harriman]
| [[:d:Q99528599|Q99528599]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:MishaGlenny.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3859025|Misha Glenny]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[staraí]]
| 1958-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/misha_glenny misha_glenny]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/486 486]
| [[:d:Q3859025|Q3859025]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mitchel Resnick.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q650983|Mitchel Resnick]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1956-06-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mitch_resnick mitch_resnick]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1529 1529]
| [[:d:Q650983|Q650983]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795567|Mitchell Besser]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mitchell_besser mitchell_besser]
| [[:d:Q23795567|Q23795567]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6881232|Mitchell H. Katz]]''
| 
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]
| 1960
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mitchell_katz mitchell_katz]
| [[:d:Q6881232|Q6881232]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mitchell joachim 2008.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q984089|Mitchell Joachim]]''
| ailtire Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131062|pleanálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]
| 1972-02-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mitchell_joachim mitchell_joachim]
| [[:d:Q984089|Q984089]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795336|Miwa Matreyek]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/miwa_matreyek miwa_matreyek]
| [[:d:Q23795336|Q23795336]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23712268|Mohamed Ali]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mohamed_ali mohamed_ali]
| [[:d:Q23712268|Q23712268]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23712650|Mohamed Hijri]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mohamed_hijri mohamed_hijri]
| [[:d:Q23712650|Q23712650]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Molly Crockett at World Economic Forum.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15989936|Molly J. Crockett]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 1983-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/molly_crockett molly_crockett]
| [[:d:Q15989936|Q15989936]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dubai Future Forum 2024 - Molly Stevens.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15896847|Molly Stevens]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q333634|aistritheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/molly_stevens molly_stevens]
| [[:d:Q15896847|Q15896847]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q75746978|Molly Webster]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3406651|léiritheoir raidió]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/molly_webster molly_webster]
| [[:d:Q75746978|Q75746978]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mona Chalabi, 2013 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21793960|Mona Chalabi]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mona_chalabi mona_chalabi]
| [[:d:Q21793960|Q21793960]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Monica Byrne Author.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21642356|Monica Byrne]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18844224|scríbhneoir ficsean eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q214917|drámadóir]]''
| 1981-07-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/monica_byrne monica_byrne]
| [[:d:Q21642356|Q21642356]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Monica Lewinsky 2014 IDA Awards (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q212659|Monica Lewinsky]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3501317|dearthóir faisin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10672931|síceolaí sóisialta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1973-07-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/monica_lewinsky monica_lewinsky]
| [[:d:Q212659|Q212659]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:MONIKA BULAJ 2015.1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3860861|Monika Bulaj]]''
| iriseoir Polannach
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1966-05-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Pholainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/monika_bulaj monika_bulaj]
| [[:d:Q3860861|Q3860861]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q92967714|Moreangels M Mbizah]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/moreangels_mbizah moreangels_mbizah]
| [[:d:Q92967714|Q92967714]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662833|Morgan O'Neill]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/morgan_o_neill morgan_o_neill]
| [[:d:Q23662833|Q23662833]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Morgan Spurlock 2012 Shankbone.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q364421|Morgan Spurlock]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11814411|documentarian]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''
| 1970-11-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/morgan_spurlock morgan_spurlock]
| [[:d:Q364421|Q364421]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769521|Morgana Bailey]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/morgana_bailey morgana_bailey]
| [[:d:Q23769521|Q23769521]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:JahTEDFellow.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q58468214|Moriba Jah]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10497074|innealtóir eitilte]]''
| 1971-03-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/moriba_jah moriba_jah]
| [[:d:Q58468214|Q58468214]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Grimmepreis 2019 012.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q52554729|Moritz Riesewieck]]''
| 
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3455803|stiúrthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q69423232|scríbhneoir scripte scannáin]]''
| 1985
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/moritz_riesewieck moritz_riesewieck]
| [[:d:Q52554729|Q52554729]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Morley.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6912508|Morley]]''
| amhránaí
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Léiritheoir ceoil|léiritheoir ceirníní]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/morley morley]
| [[:d:Q6912508|Q6912508]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Moshe Safdie by Michal Ronnen Safdie (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q220944|Moshe Safdie]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131062|pleanálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1938-07-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Iosrael]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/moshe_safdie moshe_safdie]
| [[:d:Q220944|Q220944]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Congreso Futuro - 2019-01-14 - 26.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15429344|Moshe Szyf]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3126128|géineolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1955
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/moshe_szyf moshe_szyf]
| [[:d:Q15429344|Q15429344]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q69525885|Mounia Akl]]''
| 
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7042855|eagarthóir scannán]]''
| 1989-06-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mounia_akl mounia_akl]
| [[:d:Q69525885|Q69525885]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23768724|Mundano]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 1986
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Bhrasaíl]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mundano mundano]
| [[:d:Q23768724|Q23768724]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662706|Munir Virani]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Chéinia]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/munir_virani munir_virani]
| [[:d:Q23662706|Q23662706]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Murray Gell-Mann - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Murray Gell-Mann]]
| fisiceoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19350898|fisiceoir teoiriciúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]
| 1929-09-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/murray_gell_mann murray_gell_mann]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/173 173]
| [[:d:Q172840|Q172840]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Musimbi Kanyoro, CEO and President, Global Fund for Women, speaking at the Girl Summit 2014 (14701908346).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16185411|Musimbi Kanyoro]]''
| gníomhaí Céiniach
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1953-11-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Chéinia]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/musimbi_kanyoro musimbi_kanyoro]
| [[:d:Q16185411|Q16185411]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mustafa Akyol.jpeg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6943223|Mustafa Akyol]]''
| scríbhneoir agus iriseoir Turcach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q84681895|political analyst]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1972-02-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Tuirc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mustafa_akyol mustafa_akyol]
| [[:d:Q6943223|Q6943223]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Festival des Vieilles Charrues 2019 - Muthoni Drummer Queen - 039.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q60836183|Muthoni Drummer Queen]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2252262|rapálaí]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Chéinia]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/muthoni_drummer_queen muthoni_drummer_queen]
| [[:d:Q60836183|Q60836183]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q123219996|Mwende Katwiwa]]''
| 
| [[file]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12964198|genderqueer]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mwende_freequency_katwiwa mwende_freequency_katwiwa]
| [[:d:Q123219996|Q123219996]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6947648|Myles Allen]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1113838|clíomeolaí]]''
| 1965-08-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/myles_allen myles_allen]
| [[:d:Q6947648|Q6947648]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759569|Myriam Sidibe]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/myriam_sidibe myriam_sidibe]
| [[:d:Q23759569|Q23759569]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mary Robinson (2014).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Máire Mhic Róibín]]
| 7ú Uachtarán na hÉireann
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[saineolaí dlí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[abhcóide]]
| 1944-05-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/mary_robinson mary_robinson]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/2526 2526]
| [[:d:Q188214|Q188214]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Monica Araya donated by Dave Malkoff (sq cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q109969488|Mónica Araya]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Cósta Ríce]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/monica_araya monica_araya]
| [[:d:Q109969488|Q109969488]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q22095670|N. Jeremy Kasdin]]''
| 
| [[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jeremy_kasdin jeremy_kasdin]
| [[:d:Q22095670|Q22095670]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q95970932|Nabiha Saklayen]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nabiha_saklayen nabiha_saklayen]
| [[:d:Q95970932|Q95970932]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nadia Al-Sakkaf, AlJazeera Channel - May 11, 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q20423647|Nadia Al-Sakkaf]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1977-03-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Éimin|Poblacht Éimin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nadia_al_sakkaf nadia_al_sakkaf]
| [[:d:Q20423647|Q20423647]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43252548|Nadia Drake]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nadia_drake nadia_drake]
| [[:d:Q43252548|Q43252548]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nadine Burke Harris (38590996961).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19878640|Nadine Burke Harris]]''
| 
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]
| 1975-10-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nadine_burke_harris_1 nadine_burke_harris_1]
| [[:d:Q19878640|Q19878640]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q48043037|Nadya Mason]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nadya_mason nadya_mason]
| [[:d:Q48043037|Q48043037]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nadezhda Tolokonnikova während einer Paneldisskusion auf der republica 2015-cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q288956|Nadya Tolokonnikova]]''
| 
| [[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q108309647|sewing machine slave]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11499147|gníomhaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1027930|webcam model]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12359071|ainrialaí]]''
| 1989-11-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Rúis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nadya_tolokonnikova nadya_tolokonnikova]
| [[:d:Q288956|Q288956]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nagin Cox with JPL icon.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q28678622|Nagin Cox]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q10497074|innealtóir eitilte]]''
| 1965
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nagin_cox nagin_cox]
| [[:d:Q28678622|Q28678622]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795283|Naif Al-Mutawa]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1113899|síceolaí cliniciúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11892507|scríbhneoir greannán]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/naif_al_mutawa naif_al_mutawa]
| [[:d:Q23795283|Q23795283]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nalini Nadkarni speaking at TED in 2009.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1275902|Nalini Nadkarni]]''
| éiceolaí Meiriceánach
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839134|éiceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|luibheolaí]]''
| 1954-10-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nalini_nadkarni nalini_nadkarni]
| [[:d:Q1275902|Q1275902]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6962654|Nancy Duarte]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1758037|ceann comhairle]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6051619|iriseoir tuairime]]''
| 1950
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nancy_duarte nancy_duarte]
| [[:d:Q6962654|Q6962654]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11789453|Nancy Etcoff]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''
| 1955
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nancy_etcoff nancy_etcoff]
| [[:d:Q11789453|Q11789453]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23768711|Nancy Frates]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nancy_frates nancy_frates]
| [[:d:Q23768711|Q23768711]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Introduction to the Simons Center, Nancy Kanwisher, 2m33s.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6962770|Nancy Kanwisher]]''
| néareolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''
| 1958
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nancy_kanwisher nancy_kanwisher]
| [[:d:Q6962770|Q6962770]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nancy Lublin.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6962820|Nancy Lublin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3492227|nuálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2994387|sainchomhairleoir]]''
| 1971-06-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nancy_lublin nancy_lublin]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1307 1307]
| [[:d:Q6962820|Q6962820]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18156724|Nancy Rabalais]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3640160|bitheolaí muirí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1950
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nancy_n_rabalais nancy_n_rabalais]
| [[:d:Q18156724|Q18156724]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nandan M. Nilekani.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1391255|Nandan Nilekani]]''
| fear gnó Indiach
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1955-06-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nandan_nilekani nandan_nilekani]
| [[:d:Q1391255|Q1391255]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nanfu Wang 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q24609090|Nanfu Wang]]''
| stiúrthóir scannán
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1414443|déantóir scannán]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1235146|déantóir scannán faisnéise]]''
| 1985
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Daon-Phoblacht na Síne]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nanfu_wang nanfu_wang]
| [[:d:Q24609090|Q24609090]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Naná Vasconcelos.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q707607|Naná Vasconcelos]]''
| cnagcheoltóir Brasaíleach
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15981151|ceoltóir snagcheoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4351403|cnagcheoltóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1415090|cumadóir scóir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]
| 1944-08-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Bhrasaíl]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nana_vasconcelos nana_vasconcelos]
| [[:d:Q707607|Q707607]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11584846|Naoko Ishii]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q622807|seiyū]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an tSeapáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/naoko_ishii naoko_ishii]
| [[:d:Q11584846|Q11584846]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q120615040|Naomi Bagdonas]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/naomi_bagdonas naomi_bagdonas]
| [[:d:Q120615040|Q120615040]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Naomi Klein - Brainwash Festival 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q236606|Naomi Klein]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1235146|déantóir scannán faisnéise]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''
| 1970-05-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/naomi_klein naomi_klein]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/845 845]
| [[:d:Q236606|Q236606]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q59631607|Naomi McDougall Jones]]''
| 
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/naomi_mcdougall_jones naomi_mcdougall_jones]
| [[:d:Q59631607|Q59631607]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q41232526|Naomi Mwaura]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Chéinia]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/naomi_mwaura naomi_mwaura]
| [[:d:Q41232526|Q41232526]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Naomi Oreskes 2nd European TA conference in Berlin 2015.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q205618|Naomi Oreskes]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16063546|historian of science]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12094958|geoifisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11424604|domhaneolaí]]''
| 1958-11-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/naomi_oreskes naomi_oreskes]
| [[:d:Q205618|Q205618]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23798128|Naomi Shah]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/naomi_shah naomi_shah]
| [[:d:Q23798128|Q23798128]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15126459|Nat Keohane]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nat_keohane nat_keohane]
| [[:d:Q15126459|Q15126459]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q126278106|Natalie Cargill]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12362622|daonchara]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1990
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/natalie_cargill natalie_cargill]
| [[:d:Q126278106|Q126278106]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Natalie Jeremijenko.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6968182|Natalie Jeremijenko]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1779650|innealtóir dearaidh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1966
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/natalie_jeremijenko natalie_jeremijenko]
| [[:d:Q6968182|Q6968182]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Natalie MacMaster - Seattle - 2010.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6968206|Natalie MacMaster]]''
| ceoltóir Ceanadach
| ''[[:d:Q3560496|fidléir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]
| 1972-06-13&lt;br/&gt;1973
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/natalie_macmaster natalie_macmaster]
| [[:d:Q6968206|Q6968206]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Natalie Merchant 07 15 2017 -13 (36837904352).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q238215|Natalie Merchant]]''
| amhránaí agus cumadóir Meiriceánach
| [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q55960555|ealaíontóir taifeadta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1963-10-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/natalie_merchant natalie_merchant]
| [[:d:Q238215|Q238215]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Natalie Panek, NASA internship with Henning Leidecker.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q50379483|Natalie Panek]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15143191|cumarsáidí eolaíochta]]''
| 1983
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/natalie_panek natalie_panek]
| [[:d:Q50379483|Q50379483]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23656760|Natalie Warne]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/natalie_warne natalie_warne]
| [[:d:Q23656760|Q23656760]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q57201099|Natasha Hurley-Walker]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/natasha_hurley_walker natasha_hurley_walker]
| [[:d:Q57201099|Q57201099]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16982366|Natasha Tsakos]]''
| 
| [[aisteoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/natasha_tsakos natasha_tsakos]
| [[:d:Q16982366|Q16982366]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23661623|Nate Garvis]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nate_garvis nate_garvis]
| [[:d:Q23661623|Q23661623]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nate silver poker.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q562521|Nate Silver]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2732142|staitisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15295720|imreoir pócair]]''
| 1978-01-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nate_silver nate_silver]
| [[:d:Q562521|Q562521]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:NBF2024-nathalie-cabrol.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21005247|Nathalie Cabrol]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16742203|pláinéadeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17318006|freediver]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3061999|astrobiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9149093|sléibhteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''
| 1963-08-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nathalie_cabrol nathalie_cabrol]
| [[:d:Q21005247|Q21005247]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23656749|Nathalie Miebach]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nathalie_miebach nathalie_miebach]
| [[:d:Q23656749|Q23656749]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nathan Myhrvold.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q365578|Nathan Myhrvold]]''
| 
| [[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1662561|pailé-ointeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q156839|cócaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q978044|feidhmeannach]]''
| 1959-08-03&lt;br/&gt;1959
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nathan_myhrvold nathan_myhrvold]
| [[:d:Q365578|Q365578]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nathan Wolfe 2011 Shankbone.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15438588|Nathan Wolfe]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|eipidéimeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15634281|vireolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]
| 1970-08-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nathan_wolfe nathan_wolfe]
| [[:d:Q15438588|Q15438588]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nathaniel Kahn.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3329419|Nathaniel Kahn]]''
| stiúrthóir scannán Meiriceánach
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''
| 1962-11-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nathaniel_kahn nathaniel_kahn]
| [[:d:Q3329419|Q3329419]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q54954376|Natsai Audrey Chieza]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/natsai_audrey_chieza natsai_audrey_chieza]
| [[:d:Q54954376|Q54954376]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:2018-07-01 ZDF Fernsehgarten Naturally 7-0347.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1970037|Naturally 7]]''
| banna ceoil Meiriceánach
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/naturally_7 naturally_7]
| [[:d:Q1970037|Q1970037]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6982299|Navi Radjou]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]
| 1970-08-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/navi_radjou navi_radjou]
| [[:d:Q6982299|Q6982299]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ndidi Nwuneli.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19564385|Ndidi Okonkwo Nwuneli]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1975-03-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Nigéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ndidi_nwuneli ndidi_nwuneli]
| [[:d:Q19564385|Q19564385]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Neal Katyal portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1747322|Neal Katyal]]''
| dlíodóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1970-03-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/neal_katyal neal_katyal]
| [[:d:Q1747322|Q1747322]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q115429801|Nedra Glover Tawwab]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nedra_tawwab nedra_tawwab]
| [[:d:Q115429801|Q115429801]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Negin Farsad.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6987345|Negin Farsad]]''
| fuirseoir
| [[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1978
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/negin_farsad negin_farsad]
| [[:d:Q6987345|Q6987345]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Neha Narula at World Economic Forum Davos 2023.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q102962826|Neha Narula]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/neha_narula neha_narula]
| [[:d:Q102962826|Q102962826]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Neil Burgess Royal Society.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23657268|Neil Burgess]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 1966-07-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/neil_burgess neil_burgess]
| [[:d:Q23657268|Q23657268]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Neil Gershenfeld 2007.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1030183|Neil Gershenfeld]]''
| fisiceoir Meiriceánach
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1959-12-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/neil_gershenfeld neil_gershenfeld]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/88 88]
| [[:d:Q1030183|Q1030183]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Neil Harbisson cyborgist.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1355729|Neil Harbisson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1982-07-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/neil_harbisson neil_harbisson]
| [[:d:Q1355729|Q1355729]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q90240394|Neil M Vora]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/neil_vora neil_vora]
| [[:d:Q90240394|Q90240394]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Neil MacGregor Frankfurter Buchmesse 2015.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1226759|Neil MacGregor]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1792450|staraí na healaíne]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1946-06-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/neil_macgregor neil_macgregor]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1018 1018]
| [[:d:Q1226759|Q1226759]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Neil Pasricha San Diego.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16733247|Neil Pasricha]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15982858|cainteoir inspreagtha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q26831130|life coach]]''
| 1979-09-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/neil_pasricha neil_pasricha]
| [[:d:Q16733247|Q16733247]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Neil Turok AIMS.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1386754|Neil Turok]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1958-11-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Afraic Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/neil_turok neil_turok]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/207 207]
| [[:d:Q1386754|Q1386754]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nellie McKay.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q454975|Nellie McKay]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15981151|ceoltóir snagcheoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|aisteoir stáitse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18545066|fuirseoir ar a boinn]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''
| 1982-04-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nellie_mckay nellie_mckay]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/248 248]
| [[:d:Q454975|Q454975]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q99543783|Nemonte Nenquimo]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q62933979|indigenous leader of the Americas]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 1985
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Eacuadór]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nemonte_nenquimo nemonte_nenquimo]
| [[:d:Q99543783|Q99543783]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Neri Oxman - Pop!Tech 2009 - Camden, ME.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4981374|Neri Oxman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]
| 1976
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Iosrael]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/neri_oxman neri_oxman]
| [[:d:Q4981374|Q4981374]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q124130309|Newsha Ghaeli]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/newsha_ghaeli newsha_ghaeli]
| [[:d:Q124130309|Q124130309]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Newton Aduaka.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2422311|Newton Aduaka]]''
| stiúrthóir scannán Nigéarach
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''
| 1966
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Nigéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/newton_aduaka newton_aduaka]
| [[:d:Q2422311|Q2422311]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi (2008 portrait).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q289350|Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]]''
| eacnamaí Nigéarach
| [[taidhleoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aire rialtais]]
| 1954-06-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Nigéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ngozi_okonjo_iweala ngozi_okonjo_iweala]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/115 115]
| [[:d:Q289350|Q289350]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Niall Ferguson no Fronteiras do Pensamento São Paulo 2017 (37840342015) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q377638|Niall Ferguson]]''
| staraí Briotanach
| ''[[:d:Q17488363|economic historian]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[staraí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1964-04-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/niall_ferguson niall_ferguson]
| [[:d:Q377638|Q377638]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q22279054|Nic Marks]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2732142|staitisteoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nic_marks nic_marks]
| [[:d:Q22279054|Q22279054]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nicholas Christakis.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1094336|Nicholas A. Christakis]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]
| 1962-05-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nicholas_christakis nicholas_christakis]
| [[:d:Q1094336|Q1094336]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q92979518|Nicholas J. Leeper]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15401884|medical researcher]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nicholas_leeper nicholas_leeper]
| [[:d:Q92979518|Q92979518]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nicholas Negroponte USNA 20090415 cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q92601|Nicholas Negroponte]]''
| ríomheolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q557880|infheisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1943-12-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nicholas_negroponte nicholas_negroponte]
| [[:d:Q92601|Q92601]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nicholas Herbert Stern, Baron Stern of Brentford.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q335441|Nicholas Stern]]''
| eacnamaí Sasanach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q806798|baincéir]]''
| 1946-04-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lord_nicholas_stern lord_nicholas_stern]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/2127 2127]
| [[:d:Q335441|Q335441]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Prof Nick Bostrom 324-1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q460475|Nick Bostrom]]''
| fealsamh Sualannach
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1973-03-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSualainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nick_bostrom nick_bostrom]
| [[:d:Q460475|Q460475]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nick Hanauer Laura Flanders 2016.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q14633126|Nick Hanauer]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1959
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nick_hanauer nick_hanauer]
| [[:d:Q14633126|Q14633126]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769567|Nick Sears]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nick_sears_1 nick_sears_1]
| [[:d:Q23769567|Q23769567]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7028078|Nick Veasey]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1962
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nick_veasey nick_veasey]
| [[:d:Q7028078|Q7028078]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nicola Sturgeon 2021.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Nicola Sturgeon]]
| Céad Aire na hAlban agus ceannaire Pháirtí Náisiúnta na hAlban (rugadh 1970)
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1970-07-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nicola_sturgeon nicola_sturgeon]
| [[:d:Q467112|Q467112]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23727944|Nicolas Perony]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nicholas_perony nicholas_perony]
| [[:d:Q23727944|Q23727944]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nicole-maines-2019.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q33124715|Nicole Maines]]''
| ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19509201|gníomhaí ar son cearta daoine LADT]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q715301|ealaíontóir greannáin]]''
| 1997-10-07
| [[Bean trasghnéasach|bean trasinscneach]]
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nicole_maines nicole_maines]
| [[:d:Q33124715|Q33124715]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q24054775|Nicole Paris &amp; Ed Cage]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q59958430|buillebhoscadóir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nicole_paris nicole_paris]
| [[:d:Q24054775|Q24054775]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:NielsDiffrient.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3277342|Niels Diffrient]]''
| dearthóir Meiriceánach (1928-2013)
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11287574|industrial designer]]''
| 1928-09-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/niels_diffrient niels_diffrient]
| [[:d:Q3277342|Q3277342]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783481|Nigel Marsh]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1964
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nigel_marsh nigel_marsh]
| [[:d:Q23783481|Q23783481]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nigel Topping at World Economic Forum Davos 2021.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q115655521|Nigel Topping]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nigel_topping nigel_topping]
| [[:d:Q115655521|Q115655521]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nighat Dad.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q20050928|Nighat Dad]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7019111|oibrí sóisialta]]''
| 1981
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Phacastáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nighat_dad nighat_dad]
| [[:d:Q20050928|Q20050928]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23729145|Nikolai Begg]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nikolai_begg nikolai_begg]
| [[:d:Q23729145|Q23729145]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nili Gilbert at World Economic Forum Davos 2023.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q115671502|Nili Gilbert]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nili_gilbert nili_gilbert]
| [[:d:Q115671502|Q115671502]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nilofer Merchant At Inspirefest 2017 -July 2017--130283 (35410533590).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23670940|Nilofer Merchant]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nilofer_merchant nilofer_merchant]
| [[:d:Q23670940|Q23670940]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q55236636|Nina Brochmann]]''
| údar Ioruach
| ''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''
| 1987-12-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Iorua]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nina_dolvik_brochmann nina_dolvik_brochmann]
| [[:d:Q55236636|Q55236636]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nina Fedoroff at the New America Foundation (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4494049|Nina Fedoroff]]''
| bitheolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3126128|géineolaí]]''
| 1942
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nina_fedoroff nina_fedoroff]
| [[:d:Q4494049|Q4494049]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nina Jablonski.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16730096|Nina Jablonski]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21272406|pailé-antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1953-08-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nina_jablonski nina_jablonski]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/340 340]
| [[:d:Q16730096|Q16730096]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nina Tandon.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23657225|Nina Tandon]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nina_tandon nina_tandon]
| [[:d:Q23657225|Q23657225]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dr. Nir Eyal at Harvard Effective Altruism lecture, April 2015.2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q56808752|Nir Eyal]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q47455777|bioethicist]]''
| 1970
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nir_eyal nir_eyal]
| [[:d:Q56808752|Q56808752]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nirmalya Kumar.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7040060|Nirmalya Kumar]]''
| 
| [[múinteoir]]
| 1960-03-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nirmalya_kumar nirmalya_kumar]
| [[:d:Q7040060|Q7040060]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nita A Farahany at the World Economic Forum in 2016.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q60322343|Nita A Farahany]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q47455777|bioethicist]]''
| 1978-04-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nita_farahany nita_farahany]
| [[:d:Q60322343|Q60322343]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q91232279|Nithya Ramanathan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nithya_ramanathan nithya_ramanathan]
| [[:d:Q91232279|Q91232279]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Re publica 19 - Day 2 (32852536387).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q63790029|Niti Bhan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/niti_bhan niti_bhan]
| [[:d:Q63790029|Q63790029]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q93152278|Nitish Padmanaban]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nitish_padmanaban nitish_padmanaban]
| [[:d:Q93152278|Q93152278]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nizar Ibrahim.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23769268|Nizar Ibrahim]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|pailé-ointeolaí]]''
| 1982
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]&lt;br/&gt;No/unknown value
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nizar_ibrahim nizar_ibrahim]
| [[:d:Q23769268|Q23769268]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q101769900|Nkosilathi Nyathi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''
| 2003
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSiombáib]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nkosilathi_nyathi nkosilathi_nyathi]
| [[:d:Q101769900|Q101769900]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Nnedi Okorafor (37108184821).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3877423|Nnedi Okorafor]]''
| 
| [[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18844224|scríbhneoir ficsean eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q974144|oideoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11892507|scríbhneoir greannán]]''
| 1974-04-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Nigéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nnedi_okorafor nnedi_okorafor]
| [[:d:Q3877423|Q3877423]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Noah Feldman.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1959850|Noah Feldman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[saineolaí dlí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''
| 1970-05-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/noah_feldman noah_feldman]
| [[:d:Q1959850|Q1959850]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Noah Headshot.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q95988606|Noah Raford]]''
| 
| 
| 1978
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/noah_raford noah_raford]
| [[:d:Q95988606|Q95988606]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23663073|Noah Wilson-Rich]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/noah_wilson_rich noah_wilson_rich]
| [[:d:Q23663073|Q23663073]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:SXSW-2024-alih-OB7A0967-Nonny de la Pena.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18354191|Nonny de la Peña]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''
| 1963
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nonny_de_la_pena nonny_de_la_pena]
| [[:d:Q18354191|Q18354191]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q92203204|Nora E. Atkinson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1792450|staraí na healaíne]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q674426|coimeádaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nora_atkinson nora_atkinson]
| [[:d:Q92203204|Q92203204]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q62611988|Nora McInerny]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nora_mcinerny nora_mcinerny]
| [[:d:Q62611988|Q62611988]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23797707|Nora York]]''
| 
| [[ceoltóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/nora_york nora_york]
| [[:d:Q23797707|Q23797707]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Noreena Hertz - Trento - 1.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q94555|Noreena Hertz]]''
| eacnamaí agus údar Briotanach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2722764|pearsa raidió]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18190897|foreign correspondent]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1416279|anailísí airgeadais]]''
| 1967-09-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/noreena_hertz noreena_hertz]
| [[:d:Q94555|Q94555]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18817338|Noriko Arai]]''
| matamaiticeoir Seapánach
| [[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''
| 1962
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an tSeapáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/noriko_arai noriko_arai]
| [[:d:Q18817338|Q18817338]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:20120515-OSEC-RBN-2077 (7205167124).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q88078173|Norma Pimentel]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/norma_pimentel norma_pimentel]
| [[:d:Q88078173|Q88078173]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Un edificio sostenible de acero y cristal, nuevo proyecto de Foster para Madrid 04 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q104898|Norman Foster]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''
| 1935-06-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/norman_foster norman_foster]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/157 157]
| [[:d:Q104898|Q104898]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Norman Lear 1975 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1270283|Norman Lear]]''
| scríbhneoir agus léiritheoir teilifíse Meiriceánach (1922-2023)
| ''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1440873|ceannléiritheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1922-07-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/norman_lear norman_lear]
| [[:d:Q1270283|Q1270283]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7052808|Norman Spack]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4531850|inchríneolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/norman_spack norman_spack]
| [[:d:Q7052808|Q7052808]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q83978785|Normand Voyer]]''
| 
| [[ceimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1959
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/normand_voyer normand_voyer]
| [[:d:Q83978785|Q83978785]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769298|Noy Thrupkaew]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/noy_thrupkaew noy_thrupkaew]
| [[:d:Q23769298|Q23769298]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:OK Go at Lotusphere 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q736107|OK Go]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ok_go ok_go]
| [[:d:Q736107|Q736107]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q87990786|Oded Shoseyov]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/oded_shoseyov oded_shoseyov]
| [[:d:Q87990786|Q87990786]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q61994730|Ofer Levy]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ofer_levy ofer_levy]
| [[:d:Q61994730|Q61994730]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Orgyen Trinley Dorje, 2017 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q465033|Ogyen Trinley Dorje]]''
| 
| [[file]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q29514511|tiomsaitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q854997|manach Búdaíoch]]''
| 1985-06-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Daon-Phoblacht na Síne]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Doiminice]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/his_holiness_the_17th_karmapa his_holiness_the_17th_karmapa]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/539 539]
| [[:d:Q465033|Q465033]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ola Rosling on Factfulness.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q22280133|Ola Rosling]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q183888|forbróir bogearraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2732142|staitisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1975-11-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSualainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ola_rosling ola_rosling]
| [[:d:Q22280133|Q22280133]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ole Scheeren in Frankfurt.20130525.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q67031|Ole Scheeren]]''
| ailtire Gearmánach
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ole_scheeren ole_scheeren]
| [[:d:Q67031|Q67031]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Oleksandra Matviichuk - 2022 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q108128555|Oleksandra Matviichuk]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1983-10-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Úcráin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/oleksandra_matviichuk oleksandra_matviichuk]
| [[:d:Q108128555|Q108128555]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q95204574|Olesya Khromeychuk]]''
| 
| [[staraí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1983
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/olesya_khromeychuk olesya_khromeychuk]
| [[:d:Q95204574|Q95204574]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:NBF2024-oliver-jeffers.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3350659|Oliver Jeffers]]''
| scríbhneoir agus maisitheoir Briotanach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4853732|scríbhneoir litríocht pháistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q644687|maisitheoir]]''
| 1977
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/oliver_jeffers oliver_jeffers]
| [[:d:Q3350659|Q3350659]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Oliversacks.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Oliver Wolf Sacks]]
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ceimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q551835|scríbhneoir leighis]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[néareolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15143191|cumarsáidí eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]
| 1933-07-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/oliver_sacks oliver_sacks]
| [[:d:Q258662|Q258662]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q47109725|Olivia Affuso]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/olivia_affuso olivia_affuso]
| [[:d:Q47109725|Q47109725]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Olivia Arthur - Magnum Photographer.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16146066|Olivia Arthur]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/olivia_arthur olivia_arthur]
| [[:d:Q16146066|Q16146066]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q116865135|Olivier Scalabre]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''
| 1976-04-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/olivier_scalabre olivier_scalabre]
| [[:d:Q116865135|Q116865135]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:OluTimehin Adegbeye Norwegian Council for Africa 2018 (174840).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q32537994|OluTimehin Adegbeye]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28692502|gníomhaí ar son chearta na mban]]''
| 1991-10-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Nigéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/olutimehin_adegbeye olutimehin_adegbeye]
| [[:d:Q32537994|Q32537994]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:TaiwoLeiden2023.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q99501373|Olúfẹ́mi Táíwò]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1956
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Nigéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/olu_fe_mi_ta_i_wo olu_fe_mi_ta_i_wo]
| [[:d:Q99501373|Q99501373]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7089622|Omar Ahmad]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5287861|príomhoifigeach teicneolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1964-06-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/omar_ahmad omar_ahmad]
| [[:d:Q7089622|Q7089622]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Official portrait of Baroness O'Neill of Bengarve crop 3.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q336089|Onora O'Neill]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1941-08-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/onora_o_neill onora_o_neill]
| [[:d:Q336089|Q336089]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23656126|Onyx Ashanti]]''
| 
| [[ceoltóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/onyx_ashanti onyx_ashanti]
| [[:d:Q23656126|Q23656126]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ayọ Tometi - 2021 (51648565860) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19885291|Opal Tometi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1984-08-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Nigéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/opal_tometi opal_tometi]
| [[:d:Q19885291|Q19885291]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759585|Oren Yakobovich]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/oren_yakobovich oren_yakobovich]
| [[:d:Q23759585|Q23759585]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ory Okolloh, Sept. 2006.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q49275|Ory Okolloh]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19890746|gníomhaí Idirlín]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''
| 1977
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Chéinia]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ory_okolloh ory_okolloh]
| [[:d:Q49275|Q49275]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7106910|Oskar Eustis]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1797162|stiúrthóir ealaíne]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3387717|stiúrthóir drámaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q214917|drámadóir]]''
| 1958-07-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/oskar_eustis oskar_eustis]
| [[:d:Q7106910|Q7106910]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:P. Dee Boersma portrait at International Penguin Conference 10.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16971310|P. Dee Boersma]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q76928813|conservation biologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1225716|éaneolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q104828277|biology teacher]]''
| 1946-11-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dee_boersma dee_boersma]
| [[:d:Q16971310|Q16971310]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:P W Singer Political Scientist and International Relations Expert (26294536015).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q320696|P. W. Singer]]''
| eolaí polaitíochta Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/p_w_singer p_w_singer]
| [[:d:Q320696|Q320696]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Official portrait of Lord Ashdown of Norton-sub-Hamdon crop 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Paddy Ashdown]]
| polaiteoir agus taidhleoir Briotanach (1941–2018)
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[taidhleoir]]
| 1941-02-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paddy_ashdown paddy_ashdown]
| [[:d:Q333066|Q333066]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q112686007|Paige Alexander]]''
| 
| 
| 1966-03-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paige_alexander paige_alexander]
| [[:d:Q112686007|Q112686007]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Pam Warhurst at TDC12.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7129276|Pam  Warhurst]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4479442|bunaitheoir]]''
| 1950
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/pam_warhurst pam_warhurst]
| [[:d:Q7129276|Q7129276]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:PamelaMeyerSeptember2015.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21063835|Pamela Meyer]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/pamela_meyer pamela_meyer]
| [[:d:Q21063835|Q21063835]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:March for Science San Francisco 20170422-4376.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7129246|Pamela Ronald]]''
| géineolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q3126128|géineolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1961
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/pamela_ronald pamela_ronald]
| [[:d:Q7129246|Q7129246]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Vienna 2013-07-12 'central garden' - Blublut feat. Colin Webster 078 Pamelia Kurstin.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q275179|Pamelia Kurstin]]''
| ceoltóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13219637|dordveidhleadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]
| 1976-05-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/pamelia_kurstin pamelia_kurstin]
| [[:d:Q275179|Q275179]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Pankaj Ghemawat - 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7131284|Pankaj Ghemawat]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1959-09-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;No/unknown value
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/pankaj_ghemawat pankaj_ghemawat]
| [[:d:Q7131284|Q7131284]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Paola Antonelli in 2008.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q440493|Paola Antonelli]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1792450|staraí na healaíne]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q674426|coimeádaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1963-05-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Iodáil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paola_antonelli paola_antonelli]
| [[:d:Q440493|Q440493]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662717|Paolo Cardini]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paolo_cardini paolo_cardini]
| [[:d:Q23662717|Q23662717]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dubai Future Forum 2024 - Parag Khanna.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2051465|Parag Khanna]]''
| eolaí polaitíochta Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6051619|iriseoir tuairime]]''
| 1977-07-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/parag_khanna parag_khanna]
| [[:d:Q2051465|Q2051465]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q97655984|Paramjit Parmar]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/pj_parmar pj_parmar]
| [[:d:Q97655984|Q97655984]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4970590|Paraorchestra]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/british_paraorchestra british_paraorchestra]
| [[:d:Q4970590|Q4970590]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Pardis Sabeti - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3063122|Pardis C. Sabeti]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3126128|géineolaí]]''
| 1975-12-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Iaráin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/pardis_sabeti pardis_sabeti]
| [[:d:Q3063122|Q3063122]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7136564|Pardis Parker]]''
| 
| [[aisteoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/pardis_parker pardis_parker]
| [[:d:Q7136564|Q7136564]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Yeonmi Park (53065489343) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18437771|Park Yeon-mi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1993-10-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[An Chóiré Thuaidh|Cóiré Thuaidh]]&lt;br/&gt;[[An Chóiré Theas|Cóiré Theas]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yeonmi_park yeonmi_park]
| [[:d:Q18437771|Q18437771]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Parul Sehgal NBCC 2011 Shankbone.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7141204|Parul Sehgal]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4263842|léirmheastóir liteartha]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1982
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/parul_sehgal_1 parul_sehgal_1]
| [[:d:Q7141204|Q7141204]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Pat Mitchell (8157972890) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7143792|Pat Mitchell]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1943-01-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/pat_mitchell pat_mitchell]
| [[:d:Q7143792|Q7143792]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:2011 portrait - Patience Mthunzi (6197342763) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23782661|Patience Mthunzi]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]
| 1976-05-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Afraic Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/patience_mthunzi patience_mthunzi]
| [[:d:Q23782661|Q23782661]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Stanford2010PatriciaBurchat.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23782676|Patricia Burchat]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1958
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/patricia_burchat patricia_burchat]
| [[:d:Q23782676|Q23782676]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7145662|Patricia K. Kuhl]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14467526|teangeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2854916|ota-laraingeolaí]]''
| 1946-11-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/patricia_kuhl patricia_kuhl]
| [[:d:Q7145662|Q7145662]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23784397|Patricia Ryan]]''
| 
| [[múinteoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/patricia_ryan patricia_ryan]
| [[:d:Q23784397|Q23784397]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Patrick Awuah (Ashesi).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7146064|Patrick Awuah, Jr.]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6017510|Independent inventor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1132207|business incubator]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1965
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Gána]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/patrick_awuah patrick_awuah]
| [[:d:Q7146064|Q7146064]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Patrick Chappatte-IMG 8680-square.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q116361|Patrick Chappatte]]''
| cartúnaí
| ''[[:d:Q3658608|scigealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q715301|ealaíontóir greannáin]]''
| 1967
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Eilvéis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/patrick_chappatte patrick_chappatte]
| [[:d:Q116361|Q116361]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Patrick James McGinnis.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q50082695|Patrick James McGinnis]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1976-01-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/patrick_mcginnis patrick_mcginnis]
| [[:d:Q50082695|Q50082695]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Patrisse Cullors.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q20090524|Patrisse Cullors]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1984
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/patrisse_cullors patrisse_cullors]
| [[:d:Q20090524|Q20090524]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769549|Patrícia Medici]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Bhrasaíl]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/patricia_medici patricia_medici]
| [[:d:Q23769549|Q23769549]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7148280|Patsy Rodenburg]]''
| 
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20971450|voice coach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3387717|stiúrthóir drámaíochta]]''
| 1953-09-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/patsy_rodenburg patsy_rodenburg]
| [[:d:Q7148280|Q7148280]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dubai Future Forum 2024 - Pattie Maes.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7552|Pattie Maes]]''
| ríomheolaí Beilgeach
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1961
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Bheilg]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/pattie_maes pattie_maes]
| [[:d:Q7552|Q7552]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q60539319|Patty McCord]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15978655|sainchomhairleoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q978044|feidhmeannach]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/patty_mccord patty_mccord]
| [[:d:Q60539319|Q60539319]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782390|Paul Bennett]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_bennett paul_bennett]
| [[:d:Q23782390|Q23782390]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Paul Bloom no Fronteiras do Pensamento Porto Alegre 2014 (14929910380).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1590549|Paul Bloom]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''
| 1963-12-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_bloom paul_bloom]
| [[:d:Q1590549|Q1590549]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Paul Collier World Economic Forum 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2059187|Paul Collier]]''
| eacnamaí Briotanach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1949-04-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_collier paul_collier]
| [[:d:Q2059187|Q2059187]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23661675|Paul Conneally]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_conneally paul_conneally]
| [[:d:Q23661675|Q23661675]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Paul Debevec.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q93006|Paul Ernest Debevec]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_debevec paul_debevec]
| [[:d:Q93006|Q93006]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q108171225|Paul F. Hessburg]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_hessburg paul_hessburg]
| [[:d:Q108171225|Q108171225]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:PaulGilding.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2754187|Paul Gilding]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_gilding paul_gilding]
| [[:d:Q2754187|Q2754187]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:OmegaAuthPhoto.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16196964|Paul Greenberg]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1967
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_greenberg paul_greenberg]
| [[:d:Q16196964|Q16196964]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Paul Hudson at the World Economic Forum.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q67029500|Paul Hudson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''
| 1967-10-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_hudson paul_hudson]
| [[:d:Q67029500|Q67029500]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Paul J. Zak.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1967906|Paul J. Zak]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 1962-02-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_zak paul_zak]
| [[:d:Q1967906|Q1967906]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23712890|Paul Kemp-Robertson]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_kemp_robertson paul_kemp_robertson]
| [[:d:Q23712890|Q23712890]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16274683|Paul Knoepfler]]''
| bitheolaí Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1967-04-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_knoepfler paul_knoepfler]
| [[:d:Q16274683|Q16274683]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:NMD 2019 Høyrepopulismens fremvekst 6 (32873985077) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7152025|Paul Lewis]]''
| iriseoir Briotanach
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1981
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_lewis paul_lewis]
| [[:d:Q7152025|Q7152025]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Paul Romer, 2005 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q509262|Paul M. Romer]]''
| eacnamaí Meiriceánach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[matamaiticeoir]]
| 1955-11-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_romer paul_romer]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/471 471]
| [[:d:Q509262|Q509262]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Paul maccready.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1374080|Paul MacCready]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q10497074|innealtóir eitilte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2095549|eitleoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q27732138|glider pilot]]''
| 1925-09-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_maccready paul_maccready]
| [[:d:Q1374080|Q1374080]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7152338|Paul McEuen]]''
| fisiceoir Meiriceánach
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1963
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_mceuen paul_mceuen]
| [[:d:Q7152338|Q7152338]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q705347|Paul Moller]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1936-12-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_moller paul_moller]
| [[:d:Q705347|Q705347]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Paul Nicklen’s Polar Wonderland.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7152732|Paul Nicklen]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q957729|fóta-iriseoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16060693|caomhantóir]]''
| 1968-07-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_nicklen paul_nicklen]
| [[:d:Q7152732|Q7152732]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Paul Pholeros, SUST cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15430944|Paul Pholeros]]''
| ailtire Astrálach
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1953
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_pholeros paul_pholeros]
| [[:d:Q15430944|Q15430944]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23728301|Paul Piff]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_piff paul_piff]
| [[:d:Q23728301|Q23728301]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7153314|Paul Root Wolpe]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''
| 1957-02-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_root_wolpe paul_root_wolpe]
| [[:d:Q7153314|Q7153314]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q106687213|Paul Rucker]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]
| 1968
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_rucker paul_rucker]
| [[:d:Q106687213|Q106687213]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Paul Sereno Lab Photo (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q562813|Paul Sereno]]''
| pailé-ointeolaí Meiriceánach (rugadh 1957)
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|pailé-ointeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q350979|míoleolaí]]''
| 1957-10-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_sereno paul_sereno]
| [[:d:Q562813|Q562813]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657114|Paul Snelgrove]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_snelgrove paul_snelgrove]
| [[:d:Q23657114|Q23657114]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Paul Stamets with Agarikon.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q783942|Paul Stamets]]''
| míceolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q2487799|míceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 1955-07-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_stamets paul_stamets]
| [[:d:Q783942|Q783942]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Paul Tudor Jones, Tudor Investments.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7154092|Paul Tudor Jones]]''
| American hedge fund manager and investor
| ''[[:d:Q4182927|stocbhróicéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43423468|bainisteoir ciste fálaithe]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3704253|trádálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1954-09-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_tudor_jones_ii paul_tudor_jones_ii]
| [[:d:Q7154092|Q7154092]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2663689|Paul W. Ewald]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16063497|bitheolaí éabhlóideach]]''
| 1950s&lt;br/&gt;1953
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_ewald paul_ewald]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/230 230]
| [[:d:Q2663689|Q2663689]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7154189|Paul W. K. Rothemund]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paul_rothemund paul_rothemund]
| [[:d:Q7154189|Q7154189]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23498304|Paula Johnson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3264451|cairdeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1959
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paula_johnson paula_johnson]
| [[:d:Q23498304|Q23498304]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Paula Scher interview OnCreativity.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7154764|Paula Scher]]''
| dearthóir grafaicí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q627325|dearthóir grafaicí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[múinteoir]]
| 1948-10-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paula_scher paula_scher]
| [[:d:Q7154764|Q7154764]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q64748198|Paula Stone Williams]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7143049|pastoral counseling]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1951
| [[Bean trasghnéasach|bean trasinscneach]]
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paula_stone_williams paula_stone_williams]
| [[:d:Q64748198|Q64748198]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Paula Hammond, PCAST Member (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16195100|Paula T. Hammond]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7888586|chemical engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1963
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/paula_hammond paula_hammond]
| [[:d:Q16195100|Q16195100]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Pavan Sukhdev (10186874696) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16254734|Pavan Sukhdev]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 1960-03-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/pavan_sukhdev pavan_sukhdev]
| [[:d:Q16254734|Q16254734]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7156113|Pawan Sinha]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/pawan_sinha pawan_sinha]
| [[:d:Q7156113|Q7156113]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q120643687|Peachy Liv]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/peachy_liv peachy_liv]
| [[:d:Q120643687|Q120643687]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23671263|Pearl Arredondo]]''
| 
| [[múinteoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/pearl_arredondo pearl_arredondo]
| [[:d:Q23671263|Q23671263]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Peggy Orenstein on Boys and Sex.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7160710|Peggy Orenstein]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1961-11-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/peggy_orenstein peggy_orenstein]
| [[:d:Q7160710|Q7160710]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Penelope Boston lecturing on Subsurface Astrobiology Cave Habitats on Earth, Mars, and Beyond.webp|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7162562|Penelope Boston]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16742175|uaimheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[geolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3061999|astrobiologist]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/penelope_boston penelope_boston]
| [[:d:Q7162562|Q7162562]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662947|Penelope Jagessar Chaffer]]''
| 
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/penelope_jagessar_chaffer penelope_jagessar_chaffer]
| [[:d:Q23662947|Q23662947]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Per Espen Stoknes (2017) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q11995189|Per Espen Stoknes]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1967-03-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Iorua]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/per_espen_stoknes per_espen_stoknes]
| [[:d:Q11995189|Q11995189]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783063|Pete Alcorn]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/pete_alcorn pete_alcorn]
| [[:d:Q23783063|Q23783063]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Peter Attia at Ancestral Health Symposium.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23712954|Peter Attia]]''
| 
| [[máinlia]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1973-03-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/peter_attia peter_attia]
| [[:d:Q23712954|Q23712954]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Peter Calthorpe on book tour (6545182197) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7173152|Peter Calthorpe]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 1949
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/peter_calthorpe peter_calthorpe]
| [[:d:Q7173152|Q7173152]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Peter-Diamandis-Headshot.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q562799|Peter Diamandis]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1961-05-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/peter_diamandis peter_diamandis]
| [[:d:Q562799|Q562799]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7173699|Peter Donnelly]]''
| 
| [[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12765408|eipidéimeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2732142|staitisteoir]]''
| 1959-05-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/peter_donnelly peter_donnelly]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/63 63]
| [[:d:Q7173699|Q7173699]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23712235|Peter Doolittle]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/peter_doolittle peter_doolittle]
| [[:d:Q23712235|Q23712235]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Petereigenfeature.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q95830|Peter Eigen]]''
| dlíodóir Gearmánach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[saineolaí dlí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1938-06-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/peter_eigen peter_eigen]
| [[:d:Q95830|Q95830]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Peter Gabriel, Denver 2023.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q175195|Peter Gabriel]]''
| Ceoltóir, cumadóir agus cumadóir amhrán Briotanach (rugadh 1950)
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[file]]&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q69423232|scríbhneoir scripte scannáin]]''
| 1950-02-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/peter_gabriel peter_gabriel]
| [[:d:Q175195|Q175195]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759857|Peter Haas]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/peter_haas peter_haas]
| [[:d:Q23759857|Q23759857]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Peter Hirshberg (916338285).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23769555|Peter Hirshberg]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/peter_hirshberg peter_hirshberg]
| [[:d:Q23769555|Q23769555]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Peter Molyneux 20080927 Festival du jeu video 02.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q164565|Peter Molyneux]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q863368|game programmer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5482740|ríomhchláraitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3630699|dearthóir cluichí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18882335|video game designer]]''
| 1959-05-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/peter_molyneux peter_molyneux]
| [[:d:Q164565|Q164565]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Peter Norvig in 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q92832|Peter Norvig]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''
| 1956-12-05&lt;br/&gt;1956-12-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/peter_norvig peter_norvig]
| [[:d:Q92832|Q92832]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q58812993|Peter Ouko]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/peter_ouko peter_ouko]
| [[:d:Q58812993|Q58812993]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q20853515|Peter Reinhart]]''
| 
| [[báicéir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 20th century&lt;br/&gt;1950
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/peter_reinhart peter_reinhart]
| [[:d:Q20853515|Q20853515]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662569|Peter Saul]]''
| 
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/peter_saul peter_saul]
| [[:d:Q23662569|Q23662569]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Peter Singer 2017 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q211539|Peter Singer]]''
| fealsamh Astrálach
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1946-07-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/peter_singer peter_singer]
| [[:d:Q211539|Q211539]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23796156|Peter Tyack]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q107267362|behavioral ecologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q107267423|marine mammalogist]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/peter_tyack peter_tyack]
| [[:d:Q23796156|Q23796156]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q950763|Peter Ward]]''
| pailé-ointeolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1662561|pailé-ointeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1949
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/peter_ward peter_ward]
| [[:d:Q950763|Q950763]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23712817|Peter van Manen]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/peter_van_manen peter_van_manen]
| [[:d:Q23712817|Q23712817]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Peter van Uhm.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2079298|Peter van Uhm]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q47064|saighdiúir]]''
| 1955-07-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29999|Ríocht na hÍsiltíre]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/peter_van_uhm peter_van_uhm]
| [[:d:Q2079298|Q2079298]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7181721|Phil Borges]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1942
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/phil_borges phil_borges]
| [[:d:Q7181721|Q7181721]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3378790|Phil Hansen]]''
| ealaíontóir Meiriceánach
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 1979
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/phil_hansen phil_hansen]
| [[:d:Q3378790|Q3378790]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Philip Plait 2007.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2701388|Phil Plait]]''
| 
| [[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1412961|Trekkie]]''
| 1964-09-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/phil_plait phil_plait]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1109 1109]
| [[:d:Q2701388|Q2701388]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23728383|Philip Evans]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/philip_evans philip_evans]
| [[:d:Q23728383|Q23728383]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Philip K. Howard.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7183880|Philip K. Howard]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1948
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/philip_k_howard philip_k_howard]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/621 621]
| [[:d:Q7183880|Q7183880]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Philip Rosedale in 2021 by Chris Michel 1d35908-4-26.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1978446|Philip Rosedale]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1968-09-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/philip_rosedale philip_rosedale]
| [[:d:Q1978446|Q1978446]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Professor Zimbardo (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q296042|Philip Zimbardo]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q10672931|síceolaí sóisialta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''
| 1933-03-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/philip_zimbardo philip_zimbardo]
| [[:d:Q296042|Q296042]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:PhilippePetitAAFeb09.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q705289|Philippe Petit]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11957145|cleasghleacaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17307272|taibheoir sorcais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15855449|draíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3090865|tightrope walker]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10774753|taibhealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q465501|éachtóir]]''
| 1949-08-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/philippe_petit philippe_petit]
| [[:d:Q705289|Q705289]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Phillippe Starck 2011.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q316906|Philippe Starck]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11287574|industrial designer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1949-01-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/philippe_starck philippe_starck]
| [[:d:Q316906|Q316906]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Phillip Atiba Goff (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q27063586|Phillip Atiba Solomon]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/phillip_goff phillip_goff]
| [[:d:Q27063586|Q27063586]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Pia Mancini.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18326639|Pia Mancini]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Airgintín]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/pia_mancini pia_mancini]
| [[:d:Q18326639|Q18326639]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Pico Iyer 2.08.12 (6847745503).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2955951|Pico Iyer]]''
| scríbhneoir Briotanach
| [[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11774202|scríbhneoir aistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6051619|iriseoir tuairime]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1957-02-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/pico_iyer pico_iyer]
| [[:d:Q2955951|Q2955951]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q127305851|Pierre Thiam]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSeineagáil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/pierre_thiam pierre_thiam]
| [[:d:Q127305851|Q127305851]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q766390|Pilobolus]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/pilobolus pilobolus]
| [[:d:Q766390|Q766390]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662189|Plankton Chronicles Project]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/plankton_chronicles_project plankton_chronicles_project]
| [[:d:Q23662189|Q23662189]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q56882240|Poppy Crum]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/poppy_crum poppy_crum]
| [[:d:Q56882240|Q56882240]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Pranavmistry.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2722796|Pranav Mistry]]''
| ríomheolaí Indiach
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1981-05-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/pranav_mistry pranav_mistry]
| [[:d:Q2722796|Q2722796]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q59696234|Pratik Shah]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/pratik_shah pratik_shah]
| [[:d:Q59696234|Q59696234]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Preston Reed June 2011.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q357378|Preston Reed]]''
| ceoltóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q15981151|ceoltóir snagcheoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q855091|giotáraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6168364|giotáraí snagcheoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q55960555|ealaíontóir taifeadta]]''
| 1955-04-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/preston_reed preston_reed]
| [[:d:Q357378|Q357378]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Priti Krishtel - Initiative for Medicines, Access and Knowledge (I-MAK).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q110316854|Priti Krishtel]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/priti_krishtel priti_krishtel]
| [[:d:Q110316854|Q110316854]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q106904404|Priya Parker]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2462658|bainisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9379869|léachtóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/priya_parker priya_parker]
| [[:d:Q106904404|Q106904404]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Priyanka Chopra at Bulgary launch, 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q158957|Priyanka Chopra]]''
| ban-aisteoir agus amhránaí Indiach
| ''[[:d:Q18581305|iomaitheoir i gcomórtas áilleachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3357567|mainicín faisean]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]
| 1982-07-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/priyanka_chopra priyanka_chopra]
| [[:d:Q158957|Q158957]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:LSU Museum of Natural Science - Prosanta Chakrabarty with zoological specimen.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21338838|Prosanta Chakrabarty]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4205432|iasceolaí]]''
| 1978-11-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/prosanta_chakrabarty prosanta_chakrabarty]
| [[:d:Q21338838|Q21338838]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Pope Francis Korea Haemi Castle 19.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Pápa Proinsias]]
| an 266ú pápa
| ''[[:d:Q1469535|sagart Caitliceach Rómhánach]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceimiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1234713|diagaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q432386|seanmóirí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q102039658|easpag Caitliceach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5090503|chemical technologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18814623|dírbheathaisnéisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q98833890|diagaire Caitliceach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''
| 1936-12-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Airgintín]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/pope_francis pope_francis]
| [[:d:Q450675|Q450675]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23656762|Péter Fankhauser]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/peter_fankhauser peter_fankhauser]
| [[:d:Q23656762|Q23656762]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783069|Qi Zhang]]''
| 
| [[ceoltóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/qi_zhang qi_zhang]
| [[:d:Q23783069|Q23783069]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q45175182|Qudus Onikeku]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5716684|damhsóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2490358|cóiréagrafaí]]''
| 1984
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Nigéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/qudus_onikeku qudus_onikeku]
| [[:d:Q45175182|Q45175182]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657158|Quixotic Fusion]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/quixotic quixotic]
| [[:d:Q23657158|Q23657158]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657089|Quyen Nguyen]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[máinlia]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/quyen_nguyen quyen_nguyen]
| [[:d:Q23657089|Q23657089]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Lukedubois.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7273818|R. Luke DuBois]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10774753|taibhealaíontóir]]''
| 1975-09-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/r_luke_dubois r_luke_dubois]
| [[:d:Q7273818|Q7273818]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rachel Armstrong (8460277065).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23795664|Rachel Armstrong]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rachel_armstrong rachel_armstrong]
| [[:d:Q23795664|Q23795664]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Explaining the Sharing Economy - Rachel Botsman.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q20995290|Rachel Botsman]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6051619|iriseoir tuairime]]''
| 1978
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rachel_botsman rachel_botsman]
| [[:d:Q20995290|Q20995290]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q109651518|Rachel Kleinfeld]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rachel_kleinfeld rachel_kleinfeld]
| [[:d:Q109651518|Q109651518]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Vienna Energy Forum 2013 Rachel Kyte Kandeh Yumkella (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19663370|Rachel Kyte]]''
| 
| 
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rachel_kyte rachel_kyte]
| [[:d:Q19663370|Q19663370]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783093|Rachel Pike]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q105839787|atmospheric chemist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1113838|clíomeolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rachel_pike rachel_pike]
| [[:d:Q23783093|Q23783093]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7279417|Rachel Sussman]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]
| 1975
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rachel_sussman rachel_sussman]
| [[:d:Q7279417|Q7279417]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Horizonte 2014 Fr 1464.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18397247|Rachelle Garniez]]''
| 
| [[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]
| 1965-03-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rachelle_garniez rachelle_garniez]
| [[:d:Q18397247|Q18397247]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17517256|Radhika Nagpal]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/radhika_nagpal radhika_nagpal]
| [[:d:Q17517256|Q17517256]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Raffaello D’Andrea, Professor and artist (48088758103).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16864843|Raffaello D'Andrea]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1967-08-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Eilvéis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/raffaello_d_andrea raffaello_d_andrea]
| [[:d:Q16864843|Q16864843]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795356|Raghava KK]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kk_raghava kk_raghava]
| [[:d:Q23795356|Q23795356]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ramesh Mashelkar Apr09.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7283012|Raghunath Anant Mashelkar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7888586|chemical engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceimiceoir]]
| 1943-01-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Réimeas Briotanach|an Réimeas Briotanach]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1775277|Tiarnas na hIndia]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/r_a_mashelkar r_a_mashelkar]
| [[:d:Q7283012|Q7283012]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Raghuram Rajan, IMF 69MS040421048l.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q981496|Raghuram Rajan]]''
| eacnamaí Indiach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q806798|baincéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1963-02-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/raghuram_rajan raghuram_rajan]
| [[:d:Q981496|Q981496]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rahaf Harfoush.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q11996983|Rahaf Harfoush]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15978655|sainchomhairleoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rahaf_harfoush rahaf_harfoush]
| [[:d:Q11996983|Q11996983]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7283604|Rahul Mehrotra]]''
| ailtire Indiach
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 1959
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rahul_mehrotra rahul_mehrotra]
| [[:d:Q7283604|Q7283604]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23768717|Rainer Strack]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rainer_strack rainer_strack]
| [[:d:Q23768717|Q23768717]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rainn Wilson 2011 Shankbone 2.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q349548|Rainn Wilson]]''
| aisteoir Meiriceánach
| [[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q948329|aisteoir saincharachtair]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q685433|ionadaí díolachán]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]
| 1966-01-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rainn_wilson rainn_wilson]
| [[:d:Q349548|Q349548]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Raj Jayadev at Pacific News Service 40th anniversary celebration.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q100178541|Raj Jayadev]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q28532974|eagarthóir phobail]]''
| 1975
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/raj_jayadev raj_jayadev]
| [[:d:Q100178541|Q100178541]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Raj Panjabi, NSC Senior Director.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q28101938|Raj Panjabi]]''
| 
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]
| 1981-02-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/raj_panjabi raj_panjabi]
| [[:d:Q28101938|Q28101938]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rajesh Rao 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q14751924|Rajesh P.N. Rao]]''
| scoláire Indiach
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1970-07-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rajesh_rao rajesh_rao]
| [[:d:Q14751924|Q14751924]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23760316|Rajiv Maheswaran]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rajiv_maheswaran rajiv_maheswaran]
| [[:d:Q23760316|Q23760316]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q41799934|Ralph Chami]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ralph_chami ralph_chami]
| [[:d:Q41799934|Q41799934]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23784293|Ralph Langner]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ralph_langner ralph_langner]
| [[:d:Q23784293|Q23784293]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ralph nader portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q193156|Ralph Nader]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[staraí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11986654|brústocaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11499147|gníomhaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1086863|colúnaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15958642|scríbhneoir polaitiúil]]''
| 1934-02-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ralph_nader ralph_nader]
| [[:d:Q193156|Q193156]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ramanan laxminarayan.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23759575|Ramanan Laxminarayan]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]
| 1970
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ramanan_laxminarayan ramanan_laxminarayan]
| [[:d:Q23759575|Q23759575]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ramesh Raskar (11539797465).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16735003|Ramesh Raskar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1265807|eolaí faisnéise]]''
| 1970-06-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ramesh_raskar ramesh_raskar]
| [[:d:Q16735003|Q16735003]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ramez Naam at the SingularityU The Netherlands Summit 2016 (29025926993).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4177760|Ramez Naam]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18844224|scríbhneoir ficsean eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10272926|computer engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Éigipt]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ramez_naam ramez_naam]
| [[:d:Q4177760|Q4177760]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657180|Ramona Pierson]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ramona_pierson ramona_pierson]
| [[:d:Q23657180|Q23657180]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23712989|Ramsey Musallam]]''
| 
| [[múinteoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ramsey_musallam ramsey_musallam]
| [[:d:Q23712989|Q23712989]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Families Belong Together SF march 20180630-4564.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q33103779|Rana Abdelhamid]]''
| 
| 
| 1993-05-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rana_abdelhamid rana_abdelhamid]
| [[:d:Q33103779|Q33103779]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rana el Kaliouby.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17465952|Rana el Kaliouby]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1978
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Éigipt]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rana_el_kaliouby rana_el_kaliouby]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/2533 2533]
| [[:d:Q17465952|Q17465952]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Randall Munroe 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q285048|Randall Munroe]]''
| cruthaitheoir an chartúin xkcd
| ''[[:d:Q5482740|ríomhchláraitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q715301|ealaíontóir greannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q98668847|geohasher]]''
| 1984-10-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/randall_munroe randall_munroe]
| [[:d:Q285048|Q285048]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:RandyPausch Wiki 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q49828|Randy Pausch]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15982858|cainteoir inspreagtha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1231865|oideolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1960-10-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/randy_pausch randy_pausch]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/643 643]
| [[:d:Q49828|Q49828]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7294792|Rashad Robinson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1979
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rashad_robinson rashad_robinson]
| [[:d:Q7294792|Q7294792]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12332886|Rasmus Ankersen]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q26481809|feidhmeannach spóirt]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q937857|imreoir sacair]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Traenálaí|cóitseálaí]]
| 1983-09-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q756617|Ríocht na Danmhairge]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rasmus_ankersen_TEDxManchester20180211-24852 rasmus_ankersen_TEDxManchester20180211-24852]
| [[:d:Q12332886|Q12332886]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23751633|Raspyni Brothers]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/raspyni_brothers raspyni_brothers]
| [[:d:Q23751633|Q23751633]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:The Raul Midón Trio - Leverkusener Jazztage 2017-1537.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1375278|Raul Midón]]''
| ceoltóir Meiriceánach
| [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15981151|ceoltóir snagcheoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q855091|giotáraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6168364|giotáraí snagcheoil]]''
| 1966-03-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/raul_midon raul_midon]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/168 168]
| [[:d:Q1375278|Q1375278]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23784984|Ravin Agrawal]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ravin_agrawal ravin_agrawal]
| [[:d:Q23784984|Q23784984]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5555893|Ray Anderson]]''
| príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1934-07-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ray_anderson ray_anderson]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/351 351]
| [[:d:Q5555893|Q5555893]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Web Summit 2018 - Forum - Day 2, November 7 HM1 7481 (44858045925).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7297378|Ray Dalio]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q43423468|bainisteoir ciste fálaithe]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q557880|infheisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1979607|airgeadaí]]''
| 1949-08-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ray_dalio ray_dalio]
| [[:d:Q7297378|Q7297378]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ray Zahab speaking at TED in 2009.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7298329|Ray Zahab]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15982858|cainteoir inspreagtha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11513337|iomaitheoir lúthchleasaíochta]]''
| 1968&lt;br/&gt;1969
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ray_zahab ray_zahab]
| [[:d:Q7298329|Q7298329]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rayma Suprani 2008.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q20685271|Rayma Suprani]]''
| cartúnaí Veiniséalach
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''
| 1969-04-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Veiniséala]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rayma_suprani rayma_suprani]
| [[:d:Q20685271|Q20685271]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ray Kurzweil @ SXSW 2017 (32594766664).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Raymond Kurzweil]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18844224|scríbhneoir ficsean eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q846430|todhchaíoch]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''
| 1948-02-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ray_kurzweil ray_kurzweil]
| [[:d:Q298341|Q298341]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q24054740|Raymond Wang]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/raymond_wang raymond_wang]
| [[:d:Q24054740|Q24054740]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7300377|Read Montague]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1960
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/read_montague read_montague]
| [[:d:Q7300377|Q7300377]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q115671548|Rebeca Hwang Eun Young]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rebeca_hwang rebeca_hwang]
| [[:d:Q115671548|Q115671548]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q86113114|Rebecca A Brachman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rebecca_brachman rebecca_brachman]
| [[:d:Q86113114|Q86113114]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rebecca Goldstein.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q766723|Rebecca Goldstein]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q864380|beathaisnéisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2468727|scoláire na léann clasaiceach]]''
| 1950-02-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rebecca_newberger_goldstein rebecca_newberger_goldstein]
| [[:d:Q766723|Q766723]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rebecca MacKinnon (WMEU 2023 photoshoot).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2915379|Rebecca MacKinnon]]''
| gníomhaí agus iriseoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q42909|tuairisceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''
| 1969-09-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rebecca_mackinnon rebecca_mackinnon]
| [[:d:Q2915379|Q2915379]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7301850|Rebecca Onie]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 1977
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rebecca_onie rebecca_onie]
| [[:d:Q7301850|Q7301850]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7301901|Rebecca Saxe]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rebecca_saxe rebecca_saxe]
| [[:d:Q7301901|Q7301901]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q85582624|Rebekah Shirley]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rebekah_shirley rebekah_shirley]
| [[:d:Q85582624|Q85582624]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Reed Hastings, Web 2.0 Conference.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7306657|Reed Hastings]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12362622|daonchara]]''
| 1960-10-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/reed_hastings reed_hastings]
| [[:d:Q7306657|Q7306657]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759787|Reed Kroloff]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/reed_kroloff reed_kroloff]
| [[:d:Q23759787|Q23759787]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dubai Future Forum 2024 - Refik Anadol.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q63718992|Refik Anadol]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7016454|ealaíontóir na meán nua]]''
| 1985
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Tuirc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/refik_anadol refik_anadol]
| [[:d:Q63718992|Q63718992]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Reggie Watts at PopTech 2011 (a).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3423441|Reggie Watts]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1198887|stiúrthóir ceoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''
| 1972-03-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/reggie_watts reggie_watts]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1160 1160]
| [[:d:Q3423441|Q3423441]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:DARPA Director Dr regina dugan.jpeg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1709949|Regina E. Dugan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1963-03-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/regina_dugan regina_dugan]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1161 1161]
| [[:d:Q1709949|Q1709949]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783055|Regina Hartley]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/regina_hartley regina_hartley]
| [[:d:Q23783055|Q23783055]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Reina Del Cid First Avenue Minneapolis (26864573768).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q24525280|Reina del Cid]]''
| 
| [[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]
| 1988-03-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/elle_cordova elle_cordova]
| [[:d:Q24525280|Q24525280]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Renata Salecl, Munich Security Conference 2023.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6118610|Renata Salecl]]''
| fealsamh Slóivéanach
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1962-01-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an tSlóivéin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/renata_salecl renata_salecl]
| [[:d:Q6118610|Q6118610]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Renee Montgomery UConn.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q299943|Renee Montgomery]]''
| cispheileadóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q3665646|cispheileadóir]]''
| 1986-12-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/renee_montgomery renee_montgomery]
| [[:d:Q299943|Q299943]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795629|Renny Gleeson]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/renny_gleeson renny_gleeson]
| [[:d:Q23795629|Q23795629]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Renzo Piano, portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q190148|Renzo Piano]]''
| ailtire Iodálach
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1937-09-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Iodáil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/renzo_piano renzo_piano]
| [[:d:Q190148|Q190148]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q124428915|Renzo Vitale]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/renzo_vitale renzo_vitale]
| [[:d:Q124428915|Q124428915]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Renee Hlozek.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q54318944|Renée Hložek]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2998308|cosmeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1706722|comhalta taighde]]''
| 1983-11-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Afraic Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/1388817 1388817]
| [[:d:Q54318944|Q54318944]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:2018-prathamusa-reshma-saujani.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7315375|Reshma Saujani]]''
| polaiteoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1975-11-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/reshma_saujani reshma_saujani]
| [[:d:Q7315375|Q7315375]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q105441098|Resson Kantai Duff]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/resson_kantai_duff resson_kantai_duff]
| [[:d:Q105441098|Q105441098]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11140288|Reuben Heyday Margolin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/reuben_margolin reuben_margolin]
| [[:d:Q11140288|Q11140288]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q114630044|Reuben Jonathan Miller]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8142883|coireolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7019111|oibrí sóisialta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q37941017|fieldworker]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q27177003|research professor]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/reuben_jonathan_miller reuben_jonathan_miller]
| [[:d:Q114630044|Q114630044]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rhiannon Giddens, 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7320514|Rhiannon Giddens]]''
| ceoltóir Meiriceánach
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9648008|bainseóí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1259917|veidhleadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8178443|leabhrógaí]]''
| 1977-02-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rhiannon_giddens rhiannon_giddens]
| [[:d:Q7320514|Q7320514]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17486500|Ric Elias]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1967-05-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Pórtó Ríce]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ric_elias ric_elias]
| [[:d:Q17486500|Q17486500]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q706665|Ricardo Semler]]''
| fear gnó Brasaíleach
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1959
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Bhrasaíl]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ricardo_semler ricardo_semler]
| [[:d:Q706665|Q706665]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7323191|Rich Benjamin]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rich_benjamin rich_benjamin]
| [[:d:Q7323191|Q7323191]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rich Powell at World Economic Forum Growth Summit 2023.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q117249162|Rich Powell]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rich_powell rich_powell]
| [[:d:Q117249162|Q117249162]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Richard Baraniuk at the SPARC 2014 OA Meeting - DSC00777 (cropped).JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7323946|Richard Baraniuk]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1965
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/richard_baraniuk richard_baraniuk]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/26 26]
| [[:d:Q7323946|Q7323946]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Richard Bona-1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q25679|Richard Bona]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15981151|ceoltóir snagcheoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]
| 1967-10-28&lt;br/&gt;1966-10-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Camarún]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/richard_bona richard_bona]
| [[:d:Q25679|Q25679]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:5.3.10RichardBransonByDavidShankbone.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Richard Branson]]
| fear gnó Sasanach
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1950-07-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/richard_branson richard_branson]
| [[:d:Q194419|Q194419]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Richard Browning.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q30610966|Richard Browning]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''
| 1979-01-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/richard_browning richard_browning]
| [[:d:Q30610966|Q30610966]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dinner with Richard Dawkins and CFI... like a candle in the dark.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Richard Dawkins]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16063497|bitheolaí éabhlóideach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16831721|eiteolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3745071|scríbhneoir eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15143191|cumarsáidí eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11774202|scríbhneoir aistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16270720|bitheolaí teoiriciúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15632482|eipistéimeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19356916|sochbhitheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q350979|míoleolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3126128|géineolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q69423232|scríbhneoir scripte scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q116695160|aisteoir físchluiche]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''
| 1941-03-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/richard_dawkins richard_dawkins]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/93 93]
| [[:d:Q44461|Q44461]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:RichardFeynman-PaineMansionWoods1984 copyrightTamikoThiel bw.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Richard Feynman]]
| fisiceoir teoiriciúil Meiriceánach (1918-1988)
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16745601|fisiceoir chandamach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4351403|cnagcheoltóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19350898|fisiceoir teoiriciúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15143191|cumarsáidí eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1918-05-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/richard_feynman richard_feynman]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/673 673]
| [[:d:Q39246|Q39246]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Richard G Wilkinson.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2096593|Richard G. Wilkinson]]''
| scoláire Briotanach
| ''[[:d:Q11774202|scríbhneoir aistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[staraí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12765408|eipidéimeolaí]]''
| 1943-07-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/richard_wilkinson richard_wilkinson]
| [[:d:Q2096593|Q2096593]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mayor Richard J. Berry first photo.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7326701|Richard J. Berry]]''
| polaiteoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1962-11-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/richard_j_berry richard_j_berry]
| [[:d:Q7326701|Q7326701]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Richard L. Pyle On Boat in Philippines, with Poseidon SE7EN Rebreather.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21340682|Richard L. Pyle]]''
| iasceolaí Meiriceánach
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4205432|iasceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q674426|coimeádaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q109120509|bailitheoir zó-eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q350979|míoleolaí]]''
| 1967-03-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/richard_pyle richard_pyle]
| [[:d:Q21340682|Q21340682]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Richard H. Ledgett.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17079639|Richard Ledgett]]''
| 
| 
| 1958
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rick_ledgett rick_ledgett]
| [[:d:Q17079639|Q17079639]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q320884|Richard Preston]]''
| scríbhneoir agus údar Meiriceánach
| [[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18844224|scríbhneoir ficsean eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17433421|science journalist]]''
| 1954-08-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/richard_preston richard_preston]
| [[:d:Q320884|Q320884]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23656666|Richard Resnick]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/richard_resnick richard_resnick]
| [[:d:Q23656666|Q23656666]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23785283|Richard Sears]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/richard_sears richard_sears]
| [[:d:Q23785283|Q23785283]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657219|Richard Seymour]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/richard_seymour richard_seymour]
| [[:d:Q23657219|Q23657219]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Richard St. John, The 8 Traits Successful People Have in Common - Gulltaggen 2010 (4561385080).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23795641|Richard St. John]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''
| 1947
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/richard_st_john richard_st_john]
| [[:d:Q23795641|Q23795641]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18609935|Richard T. Ford]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q63677188|ollamh le dlí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16012028|scoláire dlí]]''
| 1966-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/richard_thompson_ford richard_thompson_ford]
| [[:d:Q18609935|Q18609935]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23797900|Richard Turere]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/richard_turere richard_turere]
| [[:d:Q23797900|Q23797900]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Making Education Work (42839111875).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7328635|Richard V. Reeves]]''
| scríbhneoir agus údar Briotanach
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1969-07-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/richard_v_reeves richard_v_reeves]
| [[:d:Q7328635|Q7328635]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23670529|Richard Weller]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/richard_weller richard_weller]
| [[:d:Q23670529|Q23670529]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rick Doblin - MAPS.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7331358|Rick Doblin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1953-11-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rick_doblin rick_doblin]
| [[:d:Q7331358|Q7331358]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662323|Rick Guidotti]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rick_guidotti_s rick_guidotti_s]
| [[:d:Q23662323|Q23662323]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rick.Smolan.headshot.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7331756|Rick Smolan]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1949-11-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rick_smolan rick_smolan]
| [[:d:Q7331756|Q7331756]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rick Warren (2016).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q380107|Rick Warren]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1234713|diagaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q152002|tréadaí]]''
| 1954-01-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rick_warren rick_warren]
| [[:d:Q380107|Q380107]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rickard Falkvinge - 2006-06-03 (Jon Åslund).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q443624|Rickard Falkvinge]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5482740|ríomhchláraitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1662485|gairmí faisnéise]]''
| 1972-01-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSualainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rick_falkvinge rick_falkvinge]
| [[:d:Q443624|Q443624]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Riitta ikonen.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16299293|Riitta Ikonen]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 1981
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Fhionlainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/riitta_ikonen riitta_ikonen]
| [[:d:Q16299293|Q16299293]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q48698841|Risa Wechsler]]''
| taighdeoir
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/risa_wechsler risa_wechsler]
| [[:d:Q48698841|Q48698841]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759728|Rishi Manchanda]]''
| 
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rishi_manchanda rishi_manchanda]
| [[:d:Q23759728|Q23759728]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23671271|Rita F. Pierson]]''
| 
| 
| 1951-10-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rita_f_pierson rita_f_pierson]
| [[:d:Q23671271|Q23671271]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3433529|Rives]]''
| file Meiriceánach
| [[file]]
| 1968-10-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rives rives]
| [[:d:Q3433529|Q3433529]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23796184|Rob Dunbar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11424604|domhaneolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rob_dunbar rob_dunbar]
| [[:d:Q23796184|Q23796184]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q22087979|Rob Forbes]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rob_forbes rob_forbes]
| [[:d:Q22087979|Q22087979]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783483|Rob Harmon]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rob_harmon rob_harmon]
| [[:d:Q23783483|Q23783483]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rob Hopkins, 2014 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1594109|Rob Hopkins]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17010072|míleatach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1968-06-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rob_hopkins rob_hopkins]
| [[:d:Q1594109|Q1594109]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Congreso Futuro 2020 - Rob Knight 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q20657126|Rob Knight]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]
| 1976
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Nua-Shéalainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rob_knight rob_knight]
| [[:d:Q20657126|Q20657126]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Robb Willer.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q41634525|Robb Willer]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''
| 1977
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robb_willer robb_willer]
| [[:d:Q41634525|Q41634525]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kid President in White House 2013 Easter Egg Roll Promo.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18196390|Robby Novak]]''
| aisteoir Meiriceánach
| [[aisteoir]]
| 2004-01-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/kid_president kid_president]
| [[:d:Q18196390|Q18196390]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dr. Ballard visit 2023 (52976464273) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q312867|Robert Ballard]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q10669499|oifigeach cabhlaigh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3546255|aigéaneolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[geolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1942-06-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robert_ballard robert_ballard]
| [[:d:Q312867|Q312867]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:330-PSA-153-63 (USN 711326) (22171848378) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2357840|Robert Fischell]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''
| 1929-02-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robert_fischell robert_fischell]
| [[:d:Q2357840|Q2357840]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23728142|Robert Full]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robert_full robert_full]
| [[:d:Q23728142|Q23728142]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23797194|Robert Gupta]]''
| 
| [[ceoltóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robert_gupta robert_gupta]
| [[:d:Q23797194|Q23797194]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q104510834|Robert Hakiza]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Poblacht Dhaonlathach an Chongó]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Uganda]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robert_hakiza robert_hakiza]
| [[:d:Q104510834|Q104510834]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17299886|Robert Hammond]]''
| 
| 
| 1960s
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robert_hammond robert_hammond]
| [[:d:Q17299886|Q17299886]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7345891|Robert J. Gordon]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]
| 1940-09-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robert_j_gordon robert_j_gordon]
| [[:d:Q7345891|Q7345891]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Robert J. Lang, origami expert.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q642995|Robert J. Lang]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[matamaiticeoir]]
| 1961-05-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robert_lang robert_lang]
| [[:d:Q642995|Q642995]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16150166|Robert J. Waldinger]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q211346|síciatraí]]''
| 1959
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robert_waldinger robert_waldinger]
| [[:d:Q16150166|Q16150166]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:ETH-BIB-Katzschmann, Robert-Portr 17424.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q56415714|Robert Katzschmann]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robert_katzschmann robert_katzschmann]
| [[:d:Q56415714|Q56415714]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23797695|Robert Lee Hotz]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robert_lee_hotz robert_lee_hotz]
| [[:d:Q23797695|Q23797695]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q8342|Robert Legato]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q222344|cineamatagrafadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1956-05-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robert_legato robert_legato]
| [[:d:Q8342|Q8342]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7347308|Robert Mankoff]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1114448|cartúnaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''
| 1944-05-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bob_mankoff bob_mankoff]
| [[:d:Q7347308|Q7347308]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759693|Robert Muggah]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131062|pleanálaí]]''
| 1974-07-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robert_muggah robert_muggah]
| [[:d:Q23759693|Q23759693]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Robert Neuwirth in 2011.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7348003|Robert Neuwirth]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15931838|investigative journalist]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robert_neuwirth robert_neuwirth]
| [[:d:Q7348003|Q7348003]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23931473|Robert Palmer]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robert_palmer robert_palmer]
| [[:d:Q23931473|Q23931473]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q67942469|Robert Reffkin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q806798|baincéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robert_reffkin robert_reffkin]
| [[:d:Q67942469|Q67942469]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:RobReid.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2798390|Robert Reid]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18844224|scríbhneoir ficsean eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16023665|caipitlí fiontair]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''
| 1965-10-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rob_reid rob_reid]
| [[:d:Q2798390|Q2798390]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Robert Sapolsky-edited.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Robert Sapolsky]]
| inchríneolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[néareolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 1957-04-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robert_sapolsky robert_sapolsky]
| [[:d:Q3118802|Q3118802]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Robert Swan in 2018.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2582394|Robert Swan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11900058|taiscéalaí]]''
| 1956-07-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robert_swan robert_swan]
| [[:d:Q2582394|Q2582394]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Robert Thurman 2006.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1377791|Robert Thurman]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q333634|aistritheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q780596|coimeádaí taispeántais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q674426|coimeádaí]]''
| 1941-08-03&lt;br/&gt;1941-08-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bob_thurman bob_thurman]
| [[:d:Q1377791|Q1377791]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Robert Wright journalist.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3123126|Robert Wright]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4110598|físbhlagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1957-01-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robert_wright robert_wright]
| [[:d:Q3123126|Q3123126]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23809243|Roberto D'Angelo &amp; Francesca Fedeli]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/roberto_and_francesca_d_angelo roberto_and_francesca_d_angelo]
| [[:d:Q23809243|Q23809243]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Robinchase2008.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7352317|Robin Chase]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robin_chase robin_chase]
| [[:d:Q7352317|Q7352317]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Robin Hanson in a field 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2159779|Robin Hanson]]''
| eacnamaí Meiriceánach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15319501|eolaí sóisialta]]''
| 1959-08-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robin_hanson robin_hanson]
| [[:d:Q2159779|Q2159779]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q106687805|Robin Hauser]]''
| 
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3455803|stiúrthóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robin_hauser robin_hauser]
| [[:d:Q106687805|Q106687805]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Robin Ince - EdSciFest 2014.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7352559|Robin Ince]]''
| 
| [[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18545066|fuirseoir ar a boinn]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13590141|láithreoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2722764|pearsa raidió]]''
| 1969-02-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robin_ince robin_ince]
| [[:d:Q7352559|Q7352559]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:RobinMorgan profile.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q450796|Robin Morgan]]''
| scríbhneoir feimineach Meiriceánach
| [[file]]&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28692502|gníomhaí ar son chearta na mban]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11499147|gníomhaí polaitiúil]]''
| 1941-01-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robin_morgan robin_morgan]
| [[:d:Q450796|Q450796]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782688|Robin Murphy]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18844224|scríbhneoir ficsean eolaíochta]]''
| 1957-08-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robin_murphy robin_murphy]
| [[:d:Q23782688|Q23782688]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23713828|Robin Nagle]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robin_nagle robin_nagle]
| [[:d:Q23713828|Q23713828]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q89132134|Robin S S Kramer]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robin_kramer robin_kramer]
| [[:d:Q89132134|Q89132134]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q55583699|Robin Steinberg]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robin_steinberg robin_steinberg]
| [[:d:Q55583699|Q55583699]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23760207|Robyn Stein DeLuca]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/robyn_stein_deluca robyn_stein_deluca]
| [[:d:Q23760207|Q23760207]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rodney Brooks ML40.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q92809|Rodney Brooks]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3437279|roboticist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[matamaiticeoir]]
| 1954-12-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rodney_brooks rodney_brooks]
| [[:d:Q92809|Q92809]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rodney Mullen PopTech 2013 01 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q313447|Rodney Mullen]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17502714|clárscátálaí]]''
| 1966-08-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rodney_mullen rodney_mullen]
| [[:d:Q313447|Q313447]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q24052043|Rodrigo Bijou]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q65952601|computer security engineer]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rodrigo_bijou rodrigo_bijou]
| [[:d:Q24052043|Q24052043]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23712290|Rodrigo Canales]]''
| 
| [[múinteoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rodrigo_canales rodrigo_canales]
| [[:d:Q23712290|Q23712290]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rodrigo y Gabriela.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Rodrigo y Gabriela]]
| 
| [[banna ceoil]]
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rodrigo_y_gabriela rodrigo_y_gabriela]
| [[:d:Q1469093|Q1469093]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q106736121|Roger Antonsen]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léachtóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5482740|ríomhchláraitheoir]]''
| 1976-08-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Iorua]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/roger_antonsen roger_antonsen]
| [[:d:Q106736121|Q106736121]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657103|Roger Doiron]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/roger_doiron roger_doiron]
| [[:d:Q23657103|Q23657103]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Roger Ebert cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Roger Ebert]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4220892|léirmheastóir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q42909|tuairisceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13590141|láithreoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''
| 1942-06-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/roger_ebert roger_ebert]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/904 904]
| [[:d:Q212173|Q212173]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:2021 - Centre Stage SM5 1003 (51652425540) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7358633|Roger McNamee]]''
| ceoltóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1979607|airgeadaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q855091|giotáraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q557880|infheisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6051619|iriseoir tuairime]]''
| 1956-05-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/roger_mcnamee roger_mcnamee]
| [[:d:Q7358633|Q7358633]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23728309|Roger Stein]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/roger_stein roger_stein]
| [[:d:Q23728309|Q23728309]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q57010924|Roger T. Hanlon]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|éiceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1947-05-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/roger_hanlon roger_hanlon]
| [[:d:Q57010924|Q57010924]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7359408|Rogier van der Heide]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1823479|dearthóir soilsithe]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 1970
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29999|Ríocht na hÍsiltíre]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rogier_van_der_heide rogier_van_der_heide]
| [[:d:Q7359408|Q7359408]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rokia Traoré - Festival du Bout du Monde 2013 - 012.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q256065|Rokia Traoré]]''
| ceoltóir Mailíoch
| [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''
| 1974-01-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Mailí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rokia_traore rokia_traore]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/166 166]
| [[:d:Q256065|Q256065]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q52151628|Rola Hallam]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an tSiria]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rola_hallam rola_hallam]
| [[:d:Q52151628|Q52151628]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Roman Krznaric 2021.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q105338430|Roman Krznaric]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/roman_krznaric roman_krznaric]
| [[:d:Q105338430|Q105338430]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17388690|Roman Mars]]''
| léiritheoir raidió Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2722764|pearsa raidió]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q112120568|radio program designer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''
| 1974-10-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/roman_mars roman_mars]
| [[:d:Q17388690|Q17388690]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769241|Romina Libster]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/romina_libster romina_libster]
| [[:d:Q23769241|Q23769241]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Mr. Romulus Whitaker.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3532796|Romulus Whitaker]]''
| heirpiteolaí Indiach
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16271064|heirpiteolaí]]''
| 1943-05-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Réimeas Briotanach|an Réimeas Briotanach]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1775277|Tiarnas na hIndia]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/romulus_whitaker romulus_whitaker]
| [[:d:Q3532796|Q3532796]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11099812|Ron Eglash]]''
| matamaiticeoir Meiriceánach
| [[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1958-12-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ron_eglash ron_eglash]
| [[:d:Q11099812|Q11099812]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7363766|Ron Finley]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3501317|dearthóir faisin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q758780|garraíodóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ron_finley ron_finley]
| [[:d:Q7363766|Q7363766]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Photo of Ron Gutman.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7363861|Ron Gutman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ron_gutman ron_gutman]
| [[:d:Q7363861|Q7363861]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7364137|Ron McCallum]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1948-10-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ron_mccallum ron_mccallum]
| [[:d:Q7364137|Q7364137]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q107012903|Ronald Rael]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[múinteoir]]
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ronald_rael ronald_rael]
| [[:d:Q107012903|Q107012903]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7365256|Ronald S. Sullivan Jr.]]''
| 
| [[ollamh]]
| 1966-12-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ronald_sullivan ronald_sullivan]
| [[:d:Q7365256|Q7365256]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662811|Ronny Edry]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ronny_edry ronny_edry]
| [[:d:Q23662811|Q23662811]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rory Bremner at the Savoy 2007.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3400702|Rory Bremner]]''
| 
| [[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3149505|tobchumtha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''
| 1961-04-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rory_bremner rory_bremner]
| [[:d:Q3400702|Q3400702]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Official portrait of Rory Stewart crop 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Rory Stewart]]
| polaiteoir neamhspleách Briotanach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[taidhleoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3579035|scríbhneoir ábhar taistil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q189290|oifigeach míleata]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2066131|lúthchleasaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13590141|láithreoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1973-01-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rory_stewart rory_stewart]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1045 1045]
| [[:d:Q328892|Q328892]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Business of Software - Rory Sutherland.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19666293|Rory Sutherland]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q10355417|fógróir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4178004|poiblitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6051619|iriseoir tuairime]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q106879368|marketing theorist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1086863|colúnaí]]''
| 1965-11-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rory_sutherland rory_sutherland]
| [[:d:Q19666293|Q19666293]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7367220|Rosalind Brewer]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceimiceoir]]
| 1962
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rosalind_g_brewer rosalind_g_brewer]
| [[:d:Q7367220|Q7367220]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Panel Discussion Close-up, Science, Faith, and Technology Cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q14109|Rosalind Picard]]''
| ríomheolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''
| 1962-05-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rosalind_picard rosalind_picard]
| [[:d:Q14109|Q14109]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q75975492|Rosamund Adoo-Kissi-Debrah]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rosamund_kissi_debrah rosamund_kissi_debrah]
| [[:d:Q75975492|Q75975492]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rosanne Cash, 2012 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q462289|Rosanne Cash]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q55960555|ealaíontóir taifeadta]]''
| 1955-05-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rosanne_cash rosanne_cash]
| [[:d:Q462289|Q462289]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rose George on The Big Necessity.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4949823|Rose George]]''
| iriseoir agus údar Sasanach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''
| 1969
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rose_george rose_george]
| [[:d:Q4949823|Q4949823]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rose Goslinga - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA (6264061943).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23759550|Rose Goslinga]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q285759|insurance broker]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1979607|airgeadaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rose_goslinga rose_goslinga]
| [[:d:Q23759550|Q23759550]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q76469472|Rose Mutiso]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''
| 1986
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Chéinia]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rose_m_mutiso rose_m_mutiso]
| [[:d:Q76469472|Q76469472]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23728320|Roselinde Torres]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/roselinde_torres roselinde_torres]
| [[:d:Q23728320|Q23728320]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759581|Rosie King]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q644687|maisitheoir]]''
| 1998
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rosie_king rosie_king]
| [[:d:Q23759581|Q23759581]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Portrait of Ross Lovegrove.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q573143|Ross Lovegrove]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1958-08-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ross_lovegrove ross_lovegrove]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/28 28]
| [[:d:Q573143|Q573143]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Roxane gay 9134940.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16202911|Roxane Gay]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11774202|scríbhneoir aistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20708269|Scrabble player]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q876864|eagarthóir rannchuidithe]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4263842|léirmheastóir liteartha]]''
| 1974-10-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/roxane_gay roxane_gay]
| [[:d:Q16202911|Q16202911]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Roy Bahat, head of Bloomberg Beta.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q117249859|Roy Bahat]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/roy_bahat roy_bahat]
| [[:d:Q117249859|Q117249859]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23728739|Roy Gould]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[réalteolaí]]
| 1947
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/roy_gould roy_gould]
| [[:d:Q23728739|Q23728739]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Roy Wood Jr., 2025 (closer crop).png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7373522|Roy Wood Jr.]]''
| fuirseoir Meiriceánach
| [[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q130857|dioscmharcach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]
| 1978-12-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/roy_wood_jr roy_wood_jr]
| [[:d:Q7373522|Q7373522]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Official portrait of Roz Savage MP crop 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7375304|Roz Savage]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q21081635|ocean rower]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1967-12-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/roz_savage roz_savage]
| [[:d:Q7375304|Q7375304]]
|-
| 
| [[Ruby Sales]]
| gníomhaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1948-07-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ruby_sales ruby_sales]
| [[:d:Q7376380|Q7376380]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ruby-Wax-2016 (cropped again).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q460549|Ruby Wax]]''
| fuirseoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|aisteoir stáitse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q73306227|scríbhneoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9379869|léachtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''
| 1953-04-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ruby_wax ruby_wax]
| [[:d:Q460549|Q460549]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rufus Cappadocia.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7378014|Rufus Cappadocia]]''
| dordveidhleadóir Ceanadach
| ''[[:d:Q13219637|dordveidhleadóir]]''
| 1967
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rufus_cappadocia rufus_cappadocia]
| [[:d:Q7378014|Q7378014]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23809230|Rufus Griscom &amp; Alisa Volkman]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rufus_griscom_alisa_volkam rufus_griscom_alisa_volkam]
| [[:d:Q23809230|Q23809230]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Oliver Mark - Rufus Wainwright, Berlin 2010.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Rufus Wainwright]]
| ceoltóir, amhránaí, agus scríbhneoir ceoil Ceanadach-Mheiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''
| 1973-07-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rufus_wainwright rufus_wainwright]
| [[:d:Q192402|Q192402]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ruha Benjamin, Databite 124, 2019 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q28935115|Ruha Benjamin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ruha_benjamin ruha_benjamin]
| [[:d:Q28935115|Q28935115]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rumaitha Al Busaidi at Sustainable Development Impact Summit 2021.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q106923101|Rumaitha Al Busaidi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3546255|aigéaneolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2722764|pearsa raidió]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Óman]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rumaitha_al_busaidi rumaitha_al_busaidi]
| [[:d:Q106923101|Q106923101]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rumman Chowdhury at the AI for Good Global Summit 2018 (42110666692).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q41241224|Rumman Chowdhury]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q29169143|eolaí sonraí]]''
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rumman_chowdhury rumman_chowdhury]
| [[:d:Q41241224|Q41241224]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23713556|Rupal Patel]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rupal_patel rupal_patel]
| [[:d:Q23713556|Q23713556]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Russ B. Altman.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7381092|Russ Altman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2904006|bithfhaisnéisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q26848923|bioengineer]]''
| 1961-11-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/russ_altman russ_altman]
| [[:d:Q7381092|Q7381092]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Russell G Foster - EdSciFest 2014 (20).JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7381511|Russell G. Foster]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[néareolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12013238|oftailmeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1959-08-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/russell_foster russell_foster]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1623 1623]
| [[:d:Q7381511|Q7381511]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Russell Wilson at the 2013 Jessie Vetter Classic, July 1, 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1149781|Russell Wilson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19204627|imreoir peile Meiriceánaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10871364|imreoir daorchluiche]]''
| 1988-11-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/russell_wilson russell_wilson]
| [[:d:Q1149781|Q1149781]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Rutger Bregman (2024)-32 (2).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19747970|Rutger Bregman]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[staraí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q24885626|thinker]]''
| 1988-04-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29999|Ríocht na hÍsiltíre]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rutger_bregman rutger_bregman]
| [[:d:Q19747970|Q19747970]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ruth Chang.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7382918|Ruth Chang]]''
| fealsamh Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q63677188|ollamh le dlí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ruth_chang ruth_chang]
| [[:d:Q7382918|Q7382918]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q116456709|Ryan Gersava]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ryan_gersava ryan_gersava]
| [[:d:Q116456709|Q116456709]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q59939117|Ryan Gravel]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131062|pleanálaí]]''
| 1972
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ryan_gravel ryan_gravel]
| [[:d:Q59939117|Q59939117]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q24852229|Ryan Heffington]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2490358|cóiréagrafaí]]''
| 1973-06-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ryan_heffington ryan_heffington]
| [[:d:Q24852229|Q24852229]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23727935|Ryan Holladay]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ryan_holladay ryan_holladay]
| [[:d:Q23727935|Q23727935]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783358|Ryan Lobo]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ryan_lobo ryan_lobo]
| [[:d:Q23783358|Q23783358]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:TerBurgDSCF0820 (34367491515).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16876158|Ryan Merkley]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q707492|ceann foirne]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ryan_merkley ryan_merkley]
| [[:d:Q16876158|Q16876158]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ryan Panchadsaram.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17580365|Ryan Panchadsaram]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ryan_panchadsaram ryan_panchadsaram]
| [[:d:Q17580365|Q17580365]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q107224420|Ryan Phelan]]''
| 
| [[príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ryan_phelan ryan_phelan]
| [[:d:Q107224420|Q107224420]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q109715748|S. Julio Friedmann]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/julio_friedmann julio_friedmann]
| [[:d:Q109715748|Q109715748]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q94458419|Sabine Doebel]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sabine_doebel sabine_doebel]
| [[:d:Q94458419|Q94458419]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18353268|Safeena Husain]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/safeena_husain safeena_husain]
| [[:d:Q18353268|Q18353268]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Safi Rauf Headshot.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q112056335|Safi Rauf]]''
| 
| 
| 1994
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/safi_rauf safi_rauf]
| [[:d:Q112056335|Q112056335]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q56448248|Sahar Zand]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2722764|pearsa raidió]]''
| 1989-01-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sahar_zand sahar_zand]
| [[:d:Q56448248|Q56448248]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sakena Yacoobi Profile.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7402892|Sakena Yacoobi]]''
| gníomhaí Afganastánach
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1950
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Afganastáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sakena_yacoobi sakena_yacoobi]
| [[:d:Q7402892|Q7402892]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23670961|Saki Mafundikwa]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''
| 1955
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Bhotsuáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/saki_mafundikwa saki_mafundikwa]
| [[:d:Q23670961|Q23670961]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sallie Chisholm.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4794852|Sallie W. Chisholm]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3546255|aigéaneolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3640160|bitheolaí muirí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839134|éiceolaí]]''
| 1947-11-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/penny_chisholm penny_chisholm]
| [[:d:Q4794852|Q4794852]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sally Kohn by Gage Skidmore.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7405192|Sally Kohn]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11499163|anailísí pholaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q111535220|nonprofit administrator]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15978655|sainchomhairleoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28532974|eagarthóir phobail]]''
| 1977-03-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sally_kohn sally_kohn]
| [[:d:Q7405192|Q7405192]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Salman Khan TED 2011.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q471472|Salman Khan]]''
| oideoir Meiriceánach (rugadh 1976)
| [[múinteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17125263|cruthaitheoir YouTube]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''
| 1976-10-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/salman_khan salman_khan]
| [[:d:Q471472|Q471472]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23670952|Salvatore Iaconesi]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[haiceálaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Iodáil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/salvatore_iaconesi salvatore_iaconesi]
| [[:d:Q23670952|Q23670952]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sam Gregory at Republica25 2025-05-26 02 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q115558789|Sam Gregory]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sam_gregory sam_gregory]
| [[:d:Q115558789|Q115558789]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sam Harris 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Sam Harris]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1967-04-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sam_harris sam_harris]
| [[:d:Q296047|Q296047]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:SamKass2009.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16220987|Sam Kass]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3499072|chef]]''
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sam_kass sam_kass]
| [[:d:Q16220987|Q16220987]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795645|Sam Martin]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sam_martin sam_martin]
| [[:d:Q23795645|Q23795645]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4844862|Sam Richards]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''
| 1960-09-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sam_richards sam_richards]
| [[:d:Q4844862|Q4844862]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q39067085|Sam Van Aken]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sam_van_aken sam_van_aken]
| [[:d:Q39067085|Q39067085]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Samantha Nutt New Image - -14.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7408709|Samantha Nutt]]''
| dochtúir Ceanadach
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]
| 1969-10-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/samantha_nutt samantha_nutt]
| [[:d:Q7408709|Q7408709]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Samantha Power in 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Samantha Power]]
| scoláire, údar, agus taidhleoir Gael-Mheiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[taidhleoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1231865|oideolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11499147|gníomhaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1970-09-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/samantha_power samantha_power]
| [[:d:Q454970|Q454970]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782711|Samuel Cohen]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/samuel_cohen samuel_cohen]
| [[:d:Q23782711|Q23782711]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q94488349|Sandeep Jauhar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3264451|cairdeolaí]]''
| 1968
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sandeep_jauhar sandeep_jauhar]
| [[:d:Q94488349|Q94488349]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q122963546|Sandersan Onie]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sandersan_onie_TEDxSydney20220804-51709 sandersan_onie_TEDxSydney20220804-51709]
| [[:d:Q122963546|Q122963546]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sandi Toksvig - Secret Comedy Podcast - 2013 (9468814916) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q293020|Sandi Toksvig]]''
| 
| [[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2722764|pearsa raidió]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3149505|tobchumtha]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11499147|gníomhaí polaitiúil]]''
| 1958-05-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q756617|Ríocht na Danmhairge]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sandi_toksvig sandi_toksvig]
| [[:d:Q293020|Q293020]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q111649594|Sandor Markon]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q974144|oideoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''
| 1948-11-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ungáir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/speaker0046 speaker0046]
| [[:d:Q111649594|Q111649594]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23670660|Sandra Aamodt]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sandra_aamodt sandra_aamodt]
| [[:d:Q23670660|Q23670660]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657109|Sandra Fisher-Martins]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sandra_fisher_martins sandra_fisher_martins]
| [[:d:Q23657109|Q23657109]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:S Dixson-Declève.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q64853068|Sandrine Dixson-Declève]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q381160|saineolaí]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Bheilg]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sandrine_dixson_decleve sandrine_dixson_decleve]
| [[:d:Q64853068|Q64853068]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782729|Sandrine Thuret]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sandrine_thuret sandrine_thuret]
| [[:d:Q23782729|Q23782729]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:William Darity.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7417229|Sandy Darity, Jr.]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]
| 1953-04-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/william_sandy_darity william_sandy_darity]
| [[:d:Q7417229|Q7417229]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7417607|Sanford Biggers]]''
| dearcealaíontóir Meiriceánach
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11569986|déantóir priontaí]]''
| 1970
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sanford_biggers sanford_biggers]
| [[:d:Q7417607|Q7417607]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sangeeta N. Bhatia-Heritage-Day-2019-115.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7417919|Sangeeta N. Bhatia]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1968
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sangeeta_bhatia sangeeta_bhatia]
| [[:d:Q7417919|Q7417919]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769249|Sangu Delle]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sangu_delle sangu_delle]
| [[:d:Q23769249|Q23769249]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23713544|Sanjay Dastoor]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sanjay_dastoor sanjay_dastoor]
| [[:d:Q23713544|Q23713544]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662565|Sanjay Pradhan]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sanjay_pradhan sanjay_pradhan]
| [[:d:Q23662565|Q23662565]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23728286|Sara Lewis]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 1953
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sara_lewis sara_lewis]
| [[:d:Q23728286|Q23728286]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sara Menker 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q54908063|Sara Menker]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''
| 1982
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Aetóip]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sara_menker sara_menker]
| [[:d:Q54908063|Q54908063]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sara Ramírez3.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q40069|Sara Ramirez]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|aisteoir stáitse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''
| 1975-08-31
| [[Inscne neamhdhénártha|neamh-dhénártha]]
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Meicsiceo]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sara_ramirez sara_ramirez]
| [[:d:Q40069|Q40069]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sara Seager.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7421764|Sara Seager]]''
| réalteolaí Ceanadach
| [[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]
| 1971-07-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sara_seager sara_seager]
| [[:d:Q7421764|Q7421764]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q93349658|Sara-Jane Dunn]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sara_jane_dunn sara_jane_dunn]
| [[:d:Q93349658|Q93349658]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23760629|Sarah Bergbreiter]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3437279|roboticist]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sarah_bergbreiter sarah_bergbreiter]
| [[:d:Q23760629|Q23760629]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7422132|Sarah Brosnan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sarah_brosnan sarah_brosnan]
| [[:d:Q7422132|Q7422132]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sarah P Corbett (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16205571|Sarah Corbett]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q10694573|ealaíontóir teicstílí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sarah_corbett sarah_corbett]
| [[:d:Q16205571|Q16205571]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q125749606|Sarah Jill Kurnick]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sarah_kurnick sarah_kurnick]
| [[:d:Q125749606|Q125749606]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:SarahJones.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7422463|Sarah Jones]]''
| 
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|aisteoir stáitse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1973-11-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sarah_jones sarah_jones]
| [[:d:Q7422463|Q7422463]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sarah Kaminsky - TEDxTalk 2010 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23797164|Sarah Kaminsky]]''
| 
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''
| 1979-03-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sarah_kaminsky sarah_kaminsky]
| [[:d:Q23797164|Q23797164]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sarah Kay 2018.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q32931|Sarah Kay]]''
| file Meiriceánach
| [[file]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1988-06-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sarah_kay sarah_kay]
| [[:d:Q32931|Q32931]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sarah Lewis, 2025 (cropped).png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7422530|Sarah Lewis]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q674426|coimeádaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1979-08-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sarah_lewis sarah_lewis]
| [[:d:Q7422530|Q7422530]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sarah Longwell - Publisher of the Bulwark (52549214676).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q72759128|Sarah Longwell]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2516866|foilsitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8125919|comhairleoir polaitíochta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sarah_longwell sarah_longwell]
| [[:d:Q72759128|Q72759128]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sarah Parcak, 2014 (crop).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7422673|Sarah Parcak]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1350189|éigipteolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[seandálaí]]
| 1979
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sarah_parcak sarah_parcak]
| [[:d:Q7422673|Q7422673]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q57653565|Sarah Rugheimer]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sarah_rugheimer sarah_rugheimer]
| [[:d:Q57653565|Q57653565]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3473432|Sarah Sze]]''
| ealaíontóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11569986|déantóir priontaí]]''
| 1969
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sarah_sze sarah_sze]
| [[:d:Q3473432|Q3473432]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q24890253|Sarah T. Stewart-Mukhopadhyay]]''
| 
| [[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1973
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sarah_t_stewart sarah_t_stewart]
| [[:d:Q24890253|Q24890253]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, University College London.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15739591|Sarah-Jayne Blakemore]]''
| néareolaí Briotanach
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1974-08-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sarah_jayne_blakemore sarah_jayne_blakemore]
| [[:d:Q15739591|Q15739591]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23656709|Sasha Dichter]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sasha_dichter sasha_dichter]
| [[:d:Q23656709|Q23656709]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sasha Luccioni.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q122439015|Sasha Luccioni]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1990
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sasha_luccioni sasha_luccioni]
| [[:d:Q122439015|Q122439015]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Saul Griffith shot at Pop!Tech by Kris Krug.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7427302|Saul Griffith]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/saul_griffith saul_griffith]
| [[:d:Q7427302|Q7427302]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sauti-Sol.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7427621|Sauti Sol]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sauti_sol sauti_sol]
| [[:d:Q7427621|Q7427621]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sayu Bhojwani (14271186660) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q88463628|Sayu Bhojwani]]''
| 
| 
| 1967
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sayu_bhojwani sayu_bhojwani]
| [[:d:Q88463628|Q88463628]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17017620|Saša Vučinić]]''
| iriseoir agus gníomhaí Seirbiach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSeirbia]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sasa_vucinic sasa_vucinic]
| [[:d:Q17017620|Q17017620]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q539960|Scilla Elworthy]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16323111|gníomhaí síochána]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11499147|gníomhaí polaitiúil]]''
| 1943-06-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/scilla_elworthy scilla_elworthy]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1403 1403]
| [[:d:Q539960|Q539960]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782703|Scott Dinsmore]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/scott_dinsmore scott_dinsmore]
| [[:d:Q23782703|Q23782703]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662590|Scott Fraser]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/scott_fraser scott_fraser]
| [[:d:Q23662590|Q23662590]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Scott Galloway (51933097365) (cropped) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q29017701|Scott Galloway]]''
| 
| [[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1964-11-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/scott_galloway scott_galloway]
| [[:d:Q29017701|Q29017701]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3476245|Scott Kim]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 1954
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/scott_kim scott_kim]
| [[:d:Q3476245|Q3476245]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Scott McCloud.Making Comics Tour.RISD.gk.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q454833|Scott McCloud]]''
| cartúnaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q715301|ealaíontóir greannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''
| 1960-06-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/scott_mccloud scott_mccloud]
| [[:d:Q454833|Q454833]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23661641|Scott Rickard]]''
| 
| [[matamaiticeoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/scott_rickard scott_rickard]
| [[:d:Q23661641|Q23661641]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q21551156|Scott Summit]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/scott_summit scott_summit]
| [[:d:Q21551156|Q21551156]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q37390205|Sean Davis]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2904006|bithfhaisnéisí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sean_davis sean_davis]
| [[:d:Q37390205|Q37390205]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q24054846|Sean Follmer]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1906857|innealtóir meicniúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sean_follmer sean_follmer]
| [[:d:Q24054846|Q24054846]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23817870|Sean Gourley]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Nua-Shéalainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sean_gourley sean_gourley]
| [[:d:Q23817870|Q23817870]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Seanmcarroll2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3129354|Sean M. Carroll]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1966-10-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sean_carroll sean_carroll]
| [[:d:Q3129354|Q3129354]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sean Sherman at the Tatanka Truck 2021-10-09.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q64541096|Sean Sherman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3499072|chef]]''
| 1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sean_sherman sean_sherman]
| [[:d:Q64541096|Q64541096]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sebastian Deterding (6777479684).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23662471|Sebastian Deterding]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sebastian_deterding sebastian_deterding]
| [[:d:Q23662471|Q23662471]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sebastian Junger, April 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q969298|Sebastian Junger]]''
| 
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q222344|cineamatagrafadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]
| 1962-01-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sebastian_junger sebastian_junger]
| [[:d:Q969298|Q969298]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7442523|Sebastian Seung]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 1966
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sebastian_seung sebastian_seung]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/751 751]
| [[:d:Q7442523|Q7442523]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sebastian Thrun at IAA 2019 IMG 0893.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q62901|Sebastian Thrun]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3437279|roboticist]]''
| 1967-05-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sebastian_thrun sebastian_thrun]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/972 972]
| [[:d:Q62901|Q62901]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795349|Sebastian Wernicke]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2732142|staitisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sebastian_wernicke sebastian_wernicke]
| [[:d:Q23795349|Q23795349]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sebastião Salgado (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q358158|Sebastião Salgado]]''
| grianghrafadóir Brasaíleach (1944–2025)
| ''[[:d:Q957729|fóta-iriseoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]
| 1944-02-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Bhrasaíl]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sebastiao_salgado sebastiao_salgado]
| [[:d:Q358158|Q358158]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sendhil Mullainathan - Behavioral Economics of Extreme Poverty - 2014 (13927918920) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q655590|Sendhil Mullainathan]]''
| eacnamaí Indiach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1973
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sendhil_mullainathan sendhil_mullainathan]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/546 546]
| [[:d:Q655590|Q655590]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Serena Williams at 2013 US Open.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Serena Williams]]
| imreoir leadóige Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q10833314|imreoir leadóige]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18814623|dírbheathaisnéisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1981-09-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/serena_williams serena_williams]
| [[:d:Q11459|Q11459]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23729052|Sergei Lupashin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3437279|roboticist]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sergei_lupashin sergei_lupashin]
| [[:d:Q23729052|Q23729052]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sergey Brin Ted 2010 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q92764|Sergey Brin]]''
| ríomheolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q133253419|technology entrepreneur]]''
| 1973-08-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sergey_brin sergey_brin]
| [[:d:Q92764|Q92764]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sergiu P. Pasca.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q49018109|Sergiu Pasca]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5669847|ollamh cúnta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 1982-01-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Rómáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sergiu_p_pasca sergiu_p_pasca]
| [[:d:Q49018109|Q49018109]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Seth F. Berkley - Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7456439|Seth Berkley]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12765408|eipidéimeolaí]]''
| 1956-10-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/seth_berkley seth_berkley]
| [[:d:Q7456439|Q7456439]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Seth Godin in 2009.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q439396|Seth Godin]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]
| 1960-07-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/seth_godin seth_godin]
| [[:d:Q439396|Q439396]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7456582|Seth Priebatsch]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1989
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/seth_priebatsch seth_priebatsch]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/784 784]
| [[:d:Q7456582|Q7456582]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:CSICON 2011-Seth Shostak.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5762284|Seth Shostak]]''
| réalteolaí
| [[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2722764|pearsa raidió]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]
| 1943-07-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/seth_shostak seth_shostak]
| [[:d:Q5762284|Q5762284]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sethembile Msezane- Portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q54915207|Sethembile Msezane]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 1991
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Afraic Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sethembile_msezane sethembile_msezane]
| [[:d:Q54915207|Q54915207]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Severn Cullis-Suzuki.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Severn Cullis-Suzuki]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''
| 1979-11-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/severn_cullis_suzuki severn_cullis_suzuki]
| [[:d:Q385329|Q385329]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q109971390|Sevidzem Ernestine Leikeki]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''
| 1985&lt;br/&gt;1985-08-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Camarún]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ernestine_leikeki_sevidzem ernestine_leikeki_sevidzem]
| [[:d:Q109971390|Q109971390]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Seyi Oyesola.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7459066|Seyi Oyesola]]''
| dochtúir Nigéarach
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Nigéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/seyi_oyesola seyi_oyesola]
| [[:d:Q7459066|Q7459066]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23498237|Shabana Basij-Rasikh]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q974144|oideoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q22336956|daonnúlach]]''
| 1990
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Afganastáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shabana_basij_rasikh shabana_basij_rasikh]
| [[:d:Q23498237|Q23498237]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Shad Begum at 2012 IWOC Award (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7460202|Shad Begum]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7019111|oibrí sóisialta]]''
| 1979-01-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Phacastáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shad_begum shad_begum]
| [[:d:Q7460202|Q7460202]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16212117|Shaffi Mather]]''
| fear gnó Indiach
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1970-02-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shaffi_mather shaffi_mather]
| [[:d:Q16212117|Q16212117]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Shah Rukh Khan graces the launch of the new Santro.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Shah Rukh Khan]]
| Aisteoir agus léiritheoir Indiach
| ''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5716684|damhsóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''
| 1965-11-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shah_rukh_khan shah_rukh_khan]
| [[:d:Q9535|Q9535]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Shai Agassi2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1235658|Shai Agassi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''
| 1968-04-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Iosrael]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shai_agassi shai_agassi]
| [[:d:Q1235658|Q1235658]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Shai Reshef.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7462389|Shai Reshef]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1955-09-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Iosrael]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shai_reshef shai_reshef]
| [[:d:Q7462389|Q7462389]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Shaka Senghor - Flickr - Knight Foundation.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23498341|Shaka Senghor]]''
| 
| [[léachtóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shaka_senghor shaka_senghor]
| [[:d:Q23498341|Q23498341]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Shane Campbell-Staton.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q62018991|Shane Campbell-Staton]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16271064|heirpiteolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16063497|bitheolaí éabhlóideach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shane_campbell-staton shane_campbell-staton]
| [[:d:Q62018991|Q62018991]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Shane Koyczan and the Short Story Long.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6483777|Shane Koyczan]]''
| file Ceanadach
| ''[[:d:Q17378128|file ó bhéal]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[file]]
| 1976-05-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shane_koyczan shane_koyczan]
| [[:d:Q6483777|Q6483777]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q22278829|Shane Legg]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Nua-Shéalainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shane_legg shane_legg]
| [[:d:Q22278829|Q22278829]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Shankar Vedantam April 4, 2016 (26216540846).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18153945|Shankar Vedantam]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shankar_vedantam shankar_vedantam]
| [[:d:Q18153945|Q18153945]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Shannon Lee.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q698411|Shannon Lee]]''
| ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13382533|cleachtóir taecuando]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11296761|cicdhornálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q465501|éachtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1969-04-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shannon_lee shannon_lee]
| [[:d:Q698411|Q698411]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Shantell Martin in 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16221050|Shantell Martin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''
| 1980-10-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shantell_martin shantell_martin]
| [[:d:Q16221050|Q16221050]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:ShaoLan speaks at TED 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19058856|Shaolan Hsueh]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[múinteoir]]
| 1971
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Téaváin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shaolan_hsueh shaolan_hsueh]
| [[:d:Q19058856|Q19058856]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q89387184|Shari Liu]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shari_liu_TEDxMIT20221204-52121 shari_liu_TEDxMIT20221204-52121]
| [[:d:Q89387184|Q89387184]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sharmeen Obaid Chinoy World Economic Forum 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3563826|Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy]]''
| scannánóir agus iriseoir Pacastánach (rugadh 1978)
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]
| 1978-11-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Phacastáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sharmeen_obaid_chinoy sharmeen_obaid_chinoy]
| [[:d:Q3563826|Q3563826]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7489999|Sharon Brous]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q133485|raibí]]''
| 1973
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sharon_brous sharon_brous]
| [[:d:Q7489999|Q7489999]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sharon F Terry headshot 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7490049|Sharon F. Terry]]''
| 
| 
| 1956-11-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sharon_terry sharon_terry]
| [[:d:Q7490049|Q7490049]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sharon Weinberger al Magnànim (34839642425).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7490261|Sharon Weinberger]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6051619|iriseoir tuairime]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1972
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sharon_weinberger sharon_weinberger]
| [[:d:Q7490261|Q7490261]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Shashi Tharoor 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q195616|Shashi Tharoor]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[taidhleoir]]
| 1956-03-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shashi_tharoor shashi_tharoor]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/560 560]
| [[:d:Q195616|Q195616]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Shawn Achor by Gage Skidmore.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16156426|Shawn Achor]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''
| 1978-03-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shawn_achor shawn_achor]
| [[:d:Q16156426|Q16156426]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7492127|Shea Hembrey]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shea_hembrey shea_hembrey]
| [[:d:Q7492127|Q7492127]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sheena Iyengar.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q29752|Sheena Iyengar]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''
| 1969-11-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sheena_iyengar sheena_iyengar]
| [[:d:Q29752|Q29752]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17118618|Sheila Nirenberg]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sheila_nirenberg sheila_nirenberg]
| [[:d:Q17118618|Q17118618]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23797211|Sheila Patek]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16063497|bitheolaí éabhlóideach]]''
| 1972
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sheila_patek sheila_patek]
| [[:d:Q23797211|Q23797211]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Shekhar kapur 02.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q522232|Shekhar Kapur]]''
| stiúrthóir scannán Indiach
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q326653|cuntasóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3455803|stiúrthóir]]''
| 1945-12-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Réimeas Briotanach|an Réimeas Briotanach]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1775277|Tiarnas na hIndia]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shekhar_kapur shekhar_kapur]
| [[:d:Q522232|Q522232]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q60057095|Shekinah Elmore]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1982-07-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shekinah_elmore shekinah_elmore]
| [[:d:Q60057095|Q60057095]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q63121753|Shep Doeleman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[réalteolaí]]
| 1967-01-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Bheilg]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sheperd_doeleman sheperd_doeleman]
| [[:d:Q63121753|Q63121753]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q14159717|Shereen El Feki]]''
| iriseoir agus údar Briotanach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1968
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Éigipt]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shereen_el_feki shereen_el_feki]
| [[:d:Q14159717|Q14159717]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sherry Turkle.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q52919|Sherry Turkle]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''
| 1948-06-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sherry_turkle sherry_turkle]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1166 1166]
| [[:d:Q52919|Q52919]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sherwin Nuland.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2278468|Sherwin B. Nuland]]''
| máinlia Meiriceánach
| [[máinlia]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''
| 1930-12-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sherwin_nuland sherwin_nuland]
| [[:d:Q2278468|Q2278468]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sheryl Lee Ralph - Philadelphia BME Leadership Awards (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q457180|Sheryl Lee Ralph]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|aisteoir stáitse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1956-12-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sheryl_lee_ralph sheryl_lee_ralph]
| [[:d:Q457180|Q457180]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sheryl Sandberg WEF 2013 (crop by James Tamim).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q234653|Sheryl Sandberg]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1969-08-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sheryl_sandberg sheryl_sandberg]
| [[:d:Q234653|Q234653]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:WuDunn, Sheryl.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7126275|Sheryl WuDunn]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2883465|baincéir infheistíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1959-11-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sheryl_wudunn sheryl_wudunn]
| [[:d:Q7126275|Q7126275]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Shigeru Ban.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q526725|Shigeru Ban]]''
| ailtire Seapánach
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2145981|athchóiritheoir]]''
| 1957-08-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSeapáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shigeru_ban shigeru_ban]
| [[:d:Q526725|Q526725]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23729147|Shih Chieh Huang]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 1975
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shih_chieh_huang shih_chieh_huang]
| [[:d:Q23729147|Q23729147]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Shilo Shiv Suleman.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q20685693|Shilo Shiv Suleman]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 1989
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shilo_shiv_suleman shilo_shiv_suleman]
| [[:d:Q20685693|Q20685693]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23795685|Shimon Schocken]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shimon_schocken shimon_schocken]
| [[:d:Q23795685|Q23795685]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23796822|Shimon Steinberg]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shimon_steinberg shimon_steinberg]
| [[:d:Q23796822|Q23796822]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18233521|Shimpei Takahashi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1979
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSeapáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shimpei_takahashi shimpei_takahashi]
| [[:d:Q18233521|Q18233521]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Viennale talk (2), Shirin Neshat.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q262413|Shirin Neshat]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18216771|físealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1414443|déantóir scannán]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q106227216|video installation artist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11814411|documentarian]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28054786|opera director]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''
| 1957-03-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Iaráin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shirin_neshat shirin_neshat]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/830 830]
| [[:d:Q262413|Q262413]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Shivani Sirona (38198572896).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q61446521|Shivani Siroya]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shivani_siroya shivani_siroya]
| [[:d:Q61446521|Q61446521]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662139|Shlomo Benartzi]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]
| 1968
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Iosrael]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shlomo_benartzi shlomo_benartzi]
| [[:d:Q23662139|Q23662139]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Shohini brch 2018-1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q52707485|Shohini Ghose]]''
| 
| [[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]
| 1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shohini_ghose shohini_ghose]
| [[:d:Q52707485|Q52707485]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Shonda Rhimes 2008 cropped and retouched.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q242329|Shonda Rhimes]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1440873|ceannléiritheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1970-01-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shonda_rhimes shonda_rhimes]
| [[:d:Q242329|Q242329]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:TikTok CEO Shou Zi Chew.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q115591126|Shou Zi Chew]]''
| 
| [[príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin]]
| 1983-01-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Singeapór]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shou_chew shou_chew]
| [[:d:Q115591126|Q115591126]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Shree Bose (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23797949|Shree Bose]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 1994-03-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shree_bose shree_bose]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1190 1190]
| [[:d:Q23797949|Q23797949]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23728304|Shubhendu Sharma]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shubhendu_sharma shubhendu_sharma]
| [[:d:Q23728304|Q23728304]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Shukla bose.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7504834|Shukla Bose]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shukla_bose shukla_bose]
| [[:d:Q7504834|Q7504834]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662246|Shyam Sankar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''
| 1982
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/shyam_sankar shyam_sankar]
| [[:d:Q23662246|Q23662246]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16192736|Siamak Hariri]]''
| ailtire Ceanadach
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 1958
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/siamak_hariri siamak_hariri]
| [[:d:Q16192736|Q16192736]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sian Beilock - Dartmouth College - 10 January 2024 - 21 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16198523|Sian Beilock]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1976-01-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sian_leah_beilock sian_leah_beilock]
| [[:d:Q16198523|Q16198523]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Siddhartha Mukherjee.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q983450|Siddhartha Mukherjee]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q551835|scríbhneoir leighis]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11774202|scríbhneoir aistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16062369|oinceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]
| 1970
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/siddhartha_mukherjee siddhartha_mukherjee]
| [[:d:Q983450|Q983450]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Siddhartha Roy - Kolkata 2011-05-21 3594.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q27663696|Siddhartha Roy]]''
| bitheolaí Indiach
| ''[[:d:Q16529590|environmental scientist]]''
| 1954-04-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/siddhartha_roy siddhartha_roy]
| [[:d:Q27663696|Q27663696]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23670511|Siddharthan Chandran]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[néareolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/siddharthan_chandran siddharthan_chandran]
| [[:d:Q23670511|Q23670511]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Siegfried Woldhek (2017).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7510710|Siegfried Woldhek]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 1951-05-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29999|Ríocht na hÍsiltíre]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/siegfried_woldhek siegfried_woldhek]
| [[:d:Q7510710|Q7510710]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Simon Anholt.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7518172|Simon Anholt]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2732142|staitisteoir]]''
| 1961
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/simon_anholt simon_anholt]
| [[:d:Q7518172|Q7518172]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657275|Simon Berrow]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/simon_berrow simon_berrow]
| [[:d:Q23657275|Q23657275]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657193|Simon Lewis]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/simon_lewis simon_lewis]
| [[:d:Q23657193|Q23657193]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Simon Sinek speaks to I MIG Marines (2) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7519777|Simon Sinek]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15982858|cainteoir inspreagtha]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1973-10-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/simon_sinek simon_sinek]
| [[:d:Q7519777|Q7519777]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q113534602|Simon Stiell]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/simon_stiell simon_stiell]
| [[:d:Q113534602|Q113534602]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12335376|Simona Abdallah]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q386854|drumadóir]]''
| 1979
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q756617|Ríocht na Danmhairge]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/simona_abdallah simona_abdallah]
| [[:d:Q12335376|Q12335376]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q96065599|Simona Francese]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/simona_francese simona_francese]
| [[:d:Q96065599|Q96065599]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Simone Giertz 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23304510|Simone Giertz]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4110598|físbhlagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3437279|roboticist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''
| 1990-11-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an tSualainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/simone_giertz simone_giertz]
| [[:d:Q23304510|Q23304510]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sinan Aral - 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q88200399|Sinan Aral]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15319501|eolaí sóisialta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q29169143|eolaí sonraí]]''
| 1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Tuirc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sinan_aral sinan_aral]
| [[:d:Q88200399|Q88200399]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7530129|Sirena Huang]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1259917|veidhleadóir]]''
| 1994-05-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sirena_huang sirena_huang]
| [[:d:Q7530129|Q7530129]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sisonke Msimang - TEDxSoweto 2014 - arm raised (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q72181398|Sisonke Msimang]]''
| scríbhneoir as an Afraic Theas
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q84681895|political analyst]]''
| 1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Afraic Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sisonke_msimang sisonke_msimang]
| [[:d:Q72181398|Q72181398]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sivamani 2009.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3595145|Sivamani]]''
| ceoltóir Indiach
| ''[[:d:Q4351403|cnagcheoltóir]]''
| 1959-12-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sivamani sivamani]
| [[:d:Q3595145|Q3595145]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Siyanda Mohutsiwa (26683928862) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q27987700|Siyanda Mohutsiwa]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1993-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Bhotsuáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/siyanda_mohutsiwa siyanda_mohutsiwa]
| [[:d:Q27987700|Q27987700]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19564457|Skylar Tibbits]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/skylar_tibbits skylar_tibbits]
| [[:d:Q19564457|Q19564457]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Slava Balbek.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q123992858|Slava Balbek]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Úcráin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/slava_balbek slava_balbek]
| [[:d:Q123992858|Q123992858]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1493085|Sleepy Man]]''
| banna ceoil
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sleepy_man_banjo_boys sleepy_man_banjo_boys]
| [[:d:Q1493085|Q1493085]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sofi Tukker 06 04 2016 -14 (27454016316) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q22044898|Sofi Tukker]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sofi_tukker sofi_tukker]
| [[:d:Q22044898|Q22044898]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sofia Crespo - Art Basel 2025.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q123682708|Sofia Crespo]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 1991-04-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sofia_crespo sofia_crespo]
| [[:d:Q123682708|Q123682708]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q108514270|Sofia Jawed-Wessel]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sofia_jawed_wessel sofia_jawed_wessel]
| [[:d:Q108514270|Q108514270]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q125724755|Sofia Ongele]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 2000
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sofia_ongele sofia_ongele]
| [[:d:Q125724755|Q125724755]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Solitaire Townsend.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7558197|Solitaire Townsend]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/solitaire_townsend solitaire_townsend]
| [[:d:Q7558197|Q7558197]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q52004376|Solomon Goldstein-Rose]]''
| polaiteoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1993-12-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/solomon_goldstein_rose solomon_goldstein_rose]
| [[:d:Q52004376|Q52004376]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:SOMI, концерт в рамках фестиваля &quot;Акваджаз&quot; в &quot;Зимнем театре&quot;.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7560413|Somi]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15981151|ceoltóir snagcheoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]
| 1979-06-06&lt;br/&gt;1981-06-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/somi_kakoma somi_kakoma]
| [[:d:Q7560413|Q7560413]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23661638|Sonaar Luthra]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sonaar_luthra sonaar_luthra]
| [[:d:Q23661638|Q23661638]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:SoniaShahByJohnnyMartyr.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3964777|Sonia Shah]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1969
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sonia_shah sonia_shah]
| [[:d:Q3964777|Q3964777]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sophal Ear (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q20685614|Sophal Ear]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1960s
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Chambóid]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sophal_ear sophal_ear]
| [[:d:Q20685614|Q20685614]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sophia Kianni headshot outside.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q95692533|Sophia Kianni]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q970153|aisteoir linbh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''
| 2001-12-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sophia_kianni sophia_kianni]
| [[:d:Q95692533|Q95692533]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sophie Howe Change Now.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q102277721|Sophie Howe]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sophie_howe sophie_howe]
| [[:d:Q102277721|Q102277721]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sophie Hunger 2009.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q260336|Sophie Hunger]]''
| amhránaí agus cumadóir Eilvéiseach
| [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1415090|cumadóir scóir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15981151|ceoltóir snagcheoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q855091|giotáraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]
| 1983-03-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Eilvéis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sophie_hunger sophie_hunger]
| [[:d:Q260336|Q260336]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sophie scott photo.jpeg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17278767|Sophie Scott]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 1966
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sophie_scott sophie_scott]
| [[:d:Q17278767|Q17278767]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Annual Membership Meeting 2017 9832 3 - Soraya Chemaly.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q60695598|Soraya Chemaly]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1966
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[na Bahámaí]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/soraya_chemaly soraya_chemaly]
| [[:d:Q60695598|Q60695598]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sougwen Chung at World Economic Forum Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2023.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q28871477|Sougwen Chung]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sougwen_chung sougwen_chung]
| [[:d:Q28871477|Q28871477]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Soul Rebels in 2012.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7564283|Soul Rebels Brass Band]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/the_soul_rebels the_soul_rebels]
| [[:d:Q7564283|Q7564283]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q91346129|Soyapi L Mumba]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/soyapi_mumba soyapi_mumba]
| [[:d:Q91346129|Q91346129]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Spencer Wells.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3595861|Spencer Wells]]''
| géineolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q3126128|géineolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1969-04-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/spencer_wells spencer_wells]
| [[:d:Q3595861|Q3595861]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Srđa Popović, 2012 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2315360|Srđa Popović]]''
| gníomhaí daonlathais Seirbiach
| ''[[:d:Q11499147|gníomhaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1973-02-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSeirbia]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/srdja_popovic srdja_popovic]
| [[:d:Q2315360|Q2315360]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Stacey Abrams by Gage Skidmore.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7595813|Stacey Abrams]]''
| polaiteoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q106758751|voting rights activist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[saineolaí dlí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11499147|gníomhaí polaitiúil]]''
| 1973-12-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stacey_abrams stacey_abrams]
| [[:d:Q7595813|Q7595813]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769382|Stacey Baker]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stacey_baker stacey_baker]
| [[:d:Q23769382|Q23769382]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23796642|Stacey Kramer]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q125129579|brand strategist]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stacey_kramer stacey_kramer]
| [[:d:Q23796642|Q23796642]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q117222205|Stacy Smith]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stacy_smith stacy_smith]
| [[:d:Q117222205|Q117222205]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Stanley McChrystal BG 1999.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q374338|Stanley A. McChrystal]]''
| ginearál Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q38239859|oifigeach airm]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11545923|ceannasaí míleata]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1954-08-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stanley_mcchrystal stanley_mcchrystal]
| [[:d:Q374338|Q374338]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23713770|Stefan Larsson]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stefan_larsson stefan_larsson]
| [[:d:Q23713770|Q23713770]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:MJK61338 Stefan Sagmeister (Beyond Tellerrand München 2018).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q89568|Stefan Sagmeister]]''
| ealaíontóir Ostarach
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1229025|clóghrafóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q627325|dearthóir grafaicí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q644687|maisitheoir]]''
| 1962-08-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ostair]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stefan_sagmeister stefan_sagmeister]
| [[:d:Q89568|Q89568]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Stefan Wolff.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7606332|Stefan Wolff]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''
| 1969-02-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stefan_wolff stefan_wolff]
| [[:d:Q7606332|Q7606332]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Stefana Broadbent (6920625333).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23795676|Stefana Broadbent]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stefana_broadbent stefana_broadbent]
| [[:d:Q23795676|Q23795676]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q27825327|Stefano Fratepietro]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3510521|slándáil ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1983-04-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Iodáil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stefano_fratepietro stefano_fratepietro]
| [[:d:Q27825327|Q27825327]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Stefano Mancuso Laterza.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23795300|Stefano Mancuso]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|luibheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20739288|neurobiologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1965-05-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Iodáil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stefano_mancuso stefano_mancuso]
| [[:d:Q23795300|Q23795300]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Stefon Harris.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q720524|Stefon Harris]]''
| ceoltóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q15981151|ceoltóir snagcheoil]]''
| 1973-03-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stefon_harris stefon_harris]
| [[:d:Q720524|Q720524]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Stella Young.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16222140|Stella Young]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61857538|gníomhaí ar son cearta daoine faoi mhíchumas]]''
| 1982-02-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stella_young stella_young]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1937 1937]
| [[:d:Q16222140|Q16222140]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Stephanie Burt.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7608816|Stephanie Burt]]''
| léirmheastóir liteartha Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q4263842|léirmheastóir liteartha]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[file]]
| 1971
| [[Bean trasghnéasach|bean trasinscneach]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stephen_burt stephen_burt]
| [[:d:Q7608816|Q7608816]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Secretary Blinken Participates in an Interview (51700746148).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q76832840|Stephanie Busari]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1977-08-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stephanie_busari stephanie_busari]
| [[:d:Q76832840|Q76832840]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Kelton Ring Photo.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15999879|Stephanie Kelton]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''
| 1969-10-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stephanie_kelton stephanie_kelton]
| [[:d:Q15999879|Q15999879]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:240130 StephanieMehta.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q92622586|Stephanie Mehta]]''
| 
| 
| 1970
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stephanie_mehta stephanie_mehta]
| [[:d:Q92622586|Q92622586]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23727585|Stephen Cave]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stephen_cave stephen_cave]
| [[:d:Q23727585|Q23727585]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23661665|Stephen Coleman]]''
| 
| 
| 1942
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stephen_coleman stephen_coleman]
| [[:d:Q23661665|Q23661665]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q120052205|Stephen DeBerry]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16023665|caipitlí fiontair]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stephen_deberry stephen_deberry]
| [[:d:Q120052205|Q120052205]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Stephen Friend at NightScience 2013 in Paris.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q891710|Stephen Friend]]''
| eolaí Meiriceánach
| [[eolaí]]
| 1953-12-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stephen_friend stephen_friend]
| [[:d:Q891710|Q891710]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Stephen Hawking.StarChild.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Stephen Hawking]]
| cosmeolaí Sasanach (1942–2018)
| ''[[:d:Q19350898|fisiceoir teoiriciúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2998308|cosmeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1942-01-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stephen_hawking stephen_hawking]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/209 209]
| [[:d:Q17714|Q17714]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23661621|Stephen Lawler]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stephen_lawler stephen_lawler]
| [[:d:Q23661621|Q23661621]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Steve Palumbi on Climate Change Recovery (52391781204).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23797692|Stephen Palumbi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3640160|bitheolaí muirí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1956
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stephen_palumbi stephen_palumbi]
| [[:d:Q23797692|Q23797692]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Stephen Petranek 2018.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23301821|Stephen Petranek]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stephen_petranek stephen_petranek]
| [[:d:Q23301821|Q23301821]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662878|Stephen Ritz]]''
| 
| [[múinteoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stephen_ritz stephen_ritz]
| [[:d:Q23662878|Q23662878]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3498677|Stephen Webb]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]
| 1963-02-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stephen_webb stephen_webb]
| [[:d:Q3498677|Q3498677]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Stephen Wilkes Headshot.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7610852|Stephen Wilkes]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1957
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stephen_wilkes stephen_wilkes]
| [[:d:Q7610852|Q7610852]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Stephen Wolfram PR.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q310798|Stephen Wolfram]]''
| 
| [[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q715679|aireagóir paitinne]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6051619|iriseoir tuairime]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q215536|ceannaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1959-08-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stephen_wolfram stephen_wolfram]
| [[:d:Q310798|Q310798]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23670647|Steve Howard]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/steve_howard steve_howard]
| [[:d:Q23670647|Q23670647]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Steve Jobs Headshot 2010-CROP2.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Steve Jobs]]
| comhbhunaitheoir agus príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin Apple
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1053574|léiritheoir feidhmiúcháin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1979607|airgeadaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q133253419|technology entrepreneur]]''
| 1955-02-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/steve_jobs steve_jobs]
| [[:d:Q19837|Q19837]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Steve Jurvetson Headshot.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q9079904|Steve Jurvetson]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1967-03-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Eastóin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/steve_jurvetson steve_jurvetson]
| [[:d:Q9079904|Q9079904]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:TNW Conference 2012 - Day 2 (6970534756).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23656010|Steve Keil]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/steve_keil steve_keil]
| [[:d:Q23656010|Q23656010]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23712705|Steve Ramirez]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 1988
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/steve_ramirez steve_ramirez]
| [[:d:Q23712705|Q23712705]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dame Stephanie Shirley - 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q214661|Steve Shirley]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28692502|gníomhaí ar son chearta na mban]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1933-09-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/dame_stephanie_steve_shirley dame_stephanie_steve_shirley]
| [[:d:Q214661|Q214661]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Steve Silberman.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7613926|Steve Silberman]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1957-12-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/steve_silberman steve_silberman]
| [[:d:Q7613926|Q7613926]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7614168|Steve Truglia]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2833480|stunt coordinator]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17318006|freediver]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q465501|éachtóir]]''
| 1962
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/steve_truglia steve_truglia]
| [[:d:Q7614168|Q7614168]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q30530673|Steven A McCarroll]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/steve_mccarroll steve_mccarroll]
| [[:d:Q30530673|Q30530673]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662571|Steven Addis]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q125129579|brand strategist]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/steven_addis steven_addis]
| [[:d:Q23662571|Q23662571]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Professor Steven Cowley FRS.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2347488|Steven Cowley]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]
| 1951
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/steven_cowley steven_cowley]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/463 463]
| [[:d:Q2347488|Q2347488]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q56488609|Steven D. Allison]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/steven_d_allison steven_d_allison]
| [[:d:Q56488609|Q56488609]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Steven Strogatz.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1384920|Steven H. Strogatz]]''
| matamaiticeoir Meiriceánach
| [[matamaiticeoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1959-08-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/steven_strogatz steven_strogatz]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/382 382]
| [[:d:Q1384920|Q1384920]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Steven Berlin Johnson - South by Southwest 2008 crop.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q980046|Steven Johnson]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1968-06-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/steven_johnson steven_johnson]
| [[:d:Q980046|Q980046]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Steven Levitt, 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q730969|Steven Levitt]]''
| eacnamaí Meiriceánach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1967-05-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/steven_levitt steven_levitt]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/30 30]
| [[:d:Q730969|Q730969]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Attorney Steven M. Wise at Boston Vegetarian Society, 10-13-2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7615012|Steven M. Wise]]''
| 
| [[saineolaí dlí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1950-12-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/steven_wise steven_wise]
| [[:d:Q7615012|Q7615012]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:StevenPetrow02.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7615140|Steven Petrow]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1957-07-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/steven_petrow steven_petrow]
| [[:d:Q7615140|Q7615140]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Steven Pinker in 2023 A 04 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q212730|Steven Pinker]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14467526|teangeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q84320739|evolutionary psychologist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q115736435|experimental psychologist]]''
| 1954-09-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/steven_pinker steven_pinker]
| [[:d:Q212730|Q212730]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23670976|Steven Schwaitzberg]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/steven_schwaitzberg steven_schwaitzberg]
| [[:d:Q23670976|Q23670976]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Stevesoundcheck.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4442562|Steven Sharp Nelson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q13219637|dordveidhleadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''
| 1977-07-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/steven_sharp_nelson steven_sharp_nelson]
| [[:d:Q4442562|Q4442562]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7615646|Stew]]''
| amhránaí agus cumadóir Meiriceánach
| [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|aisteoir stáitse]]''
| 1961-08-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stew stew]
| [[:d:Q7615646|Q7615646]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Stewart Brand -Sausalito, California, USA -at home-14Dec2010.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q971994|Stewart Brand]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q11774202|scríbhneoir aistí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1208175|ceamaradóir]]''
| 1938-12-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stewart_brand stewart_brand]
| [[:d:Q971994|Q971994]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sting in April 2018.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Sting]]
| ceoltóir Briotanach
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q584301|dordóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q855091|giotáraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21166956|liúiteadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Léiritheoir ceoil|léiritheoir ceirníní]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]
| 1951-10-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sting sting]
| [[:d:Q483203|Q483203]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Stuart Firestein 2012.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7626530|Stuart Firestein]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15143191|cumarsáidí eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1949
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stuart_firestein stuart_firestein]
| [[:d:Q7626530|Q7626530]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Stuart Kauffman.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q516009|Stuart Kauffman]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14906342|bithfhisiceoir]]''
| 1939-09-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stuart_kauffman stuart_kauffman]
| [[:d:Q516009|Q516009]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783413|Stuart L. Brown]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 1933
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stuart_brown stuart_brown]
| [[:d:Q23783413|Q23783413]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Stuart Russell 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3656334|Stuart Russell]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1962
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/stuart_russell stuart_russell]
| [[:d:Q3656334|Q3656334]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q47498682|Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/suchitra_krishnan_sarin suchitra_krishnan_sarin]
| [[:d:Q47498682|Q47498682]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sue Austin at TedX Monterrey (crop).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23308975|Sue Austin]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 1965-09-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sue_austin sue_austin]
| [[:d:Q23308975|Q23308975]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q61457270|Sue Klebold]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1949-03-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sue_klebold sue_klebold]
| [[:d:Q61457270|Q61457270]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sue Savage Rumbaugh 2011 Shankbone.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3088125|Sue Savage-Rumbaugh]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16825962|eolaí príomhach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16831394|mammalogist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]
| 1946-08-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/susan_savage_rumbaugh susan_savage_rumbaugh]
| [[:d:Q3088125|Q3088125]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sugra mitra.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4352958|Sugata Mitra]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]
| 1952-02-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sugata_mitra sugata_mitra]
| [[:d:Q4352958|Q4352958]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:SuheirHammad.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2895141|Suheir Hammad]]''
| 
| [[file]]&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1973-10-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stát na Palaistíne]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/suheir_hammad suheir_hammad]
| [[:d:Q2895141|Q2895141]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Suki Kim, Miami Book Fair 2015 - 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7635852|Suki Kim]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[múinteoir]]
| 1970-09-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[An Chóiré Theas|Cóiré Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/suki_kim suki_kim]
| [[:d:Q7635852|Q7635852]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q20858396|Suleika Jaouad]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9379869|léachtóir]]''
| 1988-07-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/suleika_jaouad suleika_jaouad]
| [[:d:Q20858396|Q20858396]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:SunithaKrishnanJI1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3530114|Sunitha Krishnan]]''
| gníomhaí sóisialta Indiach
| ''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1972-05-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sunitha_krishnan sunitha_krishnan]
| [[:d:Q3530114|Q3530114]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7640561|Sunni Brown]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1977-07-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sunni_brown sunni_brown]
| [[:d:Q7640561|Q7640561]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q113667764|Supasorn Suwajanakorn]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/supasorn_suwajanakorn supasorn_suwajanakorn]
| [[:d:Q113667764|Q113667764]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q56709133|Surya Mattu]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/surya_mattu surya_mattu]
| [[:d:Q56709133|Q56709133]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Susan Blackmore (2014).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q155199|Susan Blackmore]]''
| scríbhneoir agus scoláire Briotanach
| [[saoroibrí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[léachtóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5428874|ball den fhoireann teagaisc]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1951-07-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/susan_blackmore susan_blackmore]
| [[:d:Q155199|Q155199]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:SusanCainPortrait 250px 20120305.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2036370|Susan Cain]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''
| 1968-03-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/susan_cain susan_cain]
| [[:d:Q2036370|Q2036370]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769279|Susan Colantuono]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/susan_colantuono susan_colantuono]
| [[:d:Q23769279|Q23769279]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q96060013|Susan D. Emmett]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/susan_emmett susan_emmett]
| [[:d:Q96060013|Q96060013]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Susan Shaw with Seal Pup 2007.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15429604|Susan D. Shaw]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11900058|taiscéalaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16060693|caomhantóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q113827227|environmental health scientist]]''
| 1943-10-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/susan_shaw susan_shaw]
| [[:d:Q15429604|Q15429604]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:SusanDavid.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q105970190|Susan David]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1113899|síceolaí cliniciúil]]''
| 1970-09-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/susan_david susan_david]
| [[:d:Q105970190|Q105970190]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:SDH-3249.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7647750|Susan Desmond-Hellmann]]''
| 
| [[príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin]]
| 1958
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sue_desmond_hellman sue_desmond_hellman]
| [[:d:Q7647750|Q7647750]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759572|Susan Etlinger]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/susan_etlinger susan_etlinger]
| [[:d:Q23759572|Q23759572]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Susan L. Solomon Philanthropy Summit 2016 00.47.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16151526|Susan L. Solomon]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1951-08-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/susan_solomon susan_solomon]
| [[:d:Q16151526|Q16151526]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dr Susan Lim Mey Lee.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7648117|Susan Lim]]''
| 
| [[máinlia]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1962
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/susan_lim susan_lim]
| [[:d:Q7648117|Q7648117]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dr. Susan Lozier, Ronie-Richelle Garcia-Johnson Professor of Earth and Ocean Sciences at Duke University.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19667508|Susan Lozier]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3546255|aigéaneolaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/susan_lozier susan_lozier]
| [[:d:Q19667508|Q19667508]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Susan Pinker no Fronteiras do Pensamento São Paulo 2017 (38182000214).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q542461|Susan Pinker]]''
| síceolaí Ceanadach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''
| 1957-06-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/susan_pinker susan_pinker]
| [[:d:Q542461|Q542461]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:As Conexões e Desconexões do Amor - Suzana Herculano-Houzel em Sorocaba.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q10375239|Suzana Herculano-Houzel]]''
| néareolaí Brasaíleach
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 1972
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Bhrasaíl]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/suzana_herculano_houzel suzana_herculano_houzel]
| [[:d:Q10375239|Q10375239]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q70058784|Suzanne Barakat]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/suzanne_barakat suzanne_barakat]
| [[:d:Q70058784|Q70058784]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Christine Butler-426.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7650902|Suzanne Lee]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3501317|dearthóir faisin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q780596|coimeádaí taispeántais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1970
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/suzanne_lee suzanne_lee]
| [[:d:Q7650902|Q7650902]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Suzanne Simard.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q26702907|Suzanne Simard]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|éiceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18805|nádúraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1960
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/suzanne_simard suzanne_simard]
| [[:d:Q26702907|Q26702907]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23727927|Suzanne Talhouk]]''
| 
| [[file]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/suzanne_talhouk suzanne_talhouk]
| [[:d:Q23727927|Q23727927]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Suzie Sheehy, 2017 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q55230019|Suzie Sheehy]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1984
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/suzie_sheehy suzie_sheehy]
| [[:d:Q55230019|Q55230019]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Professor Svante Paabo ForMemRS (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Svante Pääbo]]
| bitheolaí Sualannach
| ''[[:d:Q3126128|géineolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16063497|bitheolaí éabhlóideach]]''
| 1955-04-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSualainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/svante_paabo svante_paabo]
| [[:d:Q170342|Q170342]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Svjatlana Tsihhanovskaja visiit Eestisse 19.11.2024 - 9 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q97010473|Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1982-09-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Bhealarúis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sviatlana_tsikhanouskaya sviatlana_tsikhanouskaya]
| [[:d:Q97010473|Q97010473]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:SwizzBeatz-byPhilipRomano.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q240523|Swizz Beatz]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2252262|rapálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Léiritheoir ceoil|léiritheoir ceirníní]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q130857|dioscmharcach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3089940|feidhmiúchán ceoil]]''
| 1978-09-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/swizz_beatz swizz_beatz]
| [[:d:Q240523|Q240523]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Sxip Shirey performing in 2010.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7659404|Sxip Shirey]]''
| cumadóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sxip_shirey sxip_shirey]
| [[:d:Q7659404|Q7659404]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q115275764|Sylvester Chauke]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sylvester_chauke sylvester_chauke]
| [[:d:Q115275764|Q115275764]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:SylviaEarle.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q439046|Sylvia Earle]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3640160|bitheolaí muirí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3546255|aigéaneolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11900058|taiscéalaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2374149|luibheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]
| 1935-08-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sylvia_earle sylvia_earle]
| [[:d:Q439046|Q439046]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3510362|Sébastien de Halleux]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1977-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Bheilg]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sebastien_de_halleux sebastien_de_halleux]
| [[:d:Q3510362|Q3510362]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Autessereheadshot.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23759752|Séverine Autesserre]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1706722|comhalta taighde]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1976-12-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/severine_autesserre severine_autesserre]
| [[:d:Q23759752|Q23759752]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Caroline Shaw with Attacca Quartet and So Percussion at Miller Theater - 49517620871.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3487248|Sō Percussion]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/so_percussion so_percussion]
| [[:d:Q3487248|Q3487248]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:T. Boone Pickens discusses the impact of shale natural gas on the American economy at the Hudson Institute on 6 April 2016 - 25 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q370092|T. Boone Pickens]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1979607|airgeadaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1524582|rainseoir]]''
| 1928-05-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/t_boone_pickens t_boone_pickens]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1170 1170]
| [[:d:Q370092|Q370092]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q58920868|T. Jane Zelikova]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15839134|éiceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1414443|déantóir scannán]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1978-03-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/jane_zelikova jane_zelikova]
| [[:d:Q58920868|Q58920868]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:TabethaSuzanneBoyajian.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q22080714|Tabetha S. Boyajian]]''
| 
| [[réalteolaí]]
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tabetha_boyajian tabetha_boyajian]
| [[:d:Q22080714|Q22080714]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:TaiyeSelasi P1030135.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7484811|Taiye Selasi]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1979-11-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/taiye_selasi taiye_selasi]
| [[:d:Q7484811|Q7484811]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11496991|Takaharu Tezuka]]''
| ailtire Seapánach
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 1964-02-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an tSeapáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/takaharu_tezuka takaharu_tezuka]
| [[:d:Q11496991|Q11496991]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23760236|Tal Danino]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tal_danino tal_danino]
| [[:d:Q23760236|Q23760236]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662204|Tal Golesworthy]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tal_golesworthy tal_golesworthy]
| [[:d:Q23662204|Q23662204]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tali Sharot.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19667092|Tali Sharot]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Iosrael]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tali_sharot tali_sharot]
| [[:d:Q19667092|Q19667092]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23729163|Talithia Williams]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2732142|staitisteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/talithia_williams talithia_williams]
| [[:d:Q23729163|Q23729163]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662544|Tamara Roukaerts]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tamara_roukaerts tamara_roukaerts]
| [[:d:Q23662544|Q23662544]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:TanTTLe.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q10823919|Tan Le]]''
| bean ghnó Astrálach
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1977-05-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tan_le tan_le]
| [[:d:Q10823919|Q10823919]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23714031|Tania Luna]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tania_luna tania_luna]
| [[:d:Q23714031|Q23714031]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q39754563|Tania S. Douglas]]''
| 
| [[ollamh]]
| 1969-08-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tania_douglas tania_douglas]
| [[:d:Q39754563|Q39754563]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tania Simoncelli.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7683264|Tania Simoncelli]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tania_simoncelli tania_simoncelli]
| [[:d:Q7683264|Q7683264]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q51929051|Tanya Yonit Berger-Wolf]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tanya_berger_wolf tanya_berger_wolf]
| [[:d:Q51929051|Q51929051]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tara Houska .jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q104094025|Tara Houska]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8125919|comhairleoir polaitíochta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tara_houska tara_houska]
| [[:d:Q104094025|Q104094025]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q123348125|Tara Winkler]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tara_winkler tara_winkler]
| [[:d:Q123348125|Q123348125]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tarana Burke from She's Revolutionary.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q43177774|Tarana Burke]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q17010072|míleatach]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[múinteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q211236|ceiliúrán]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q34074720|feimineach]]''
| 1973-09-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tarana_burke tarana_burke]
| [[:d:Q43177774|Q43177774]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q534385|Taryn Simon]]''
| grianghrafadóir Meiriceánach
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18216771|físealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]
| 1975-02-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/taryn_simon taryn_simon]
| [[:d:Q534385|Q534385]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q108168053|Tasos Frantzolas]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ghréig]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tasos_frantzolas tasos_frantzolas]
| [[:d:Q108168053|Q108168053]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:CDH - Comissão de Direitos Humanos e Legislação Participativa (26495983277).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23759688|Tasso Azevedo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Bhrasaíl]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tasso_azevedo tasso_azevedo]
| [[:d:Q23759688|Q23759688]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Does Technology Need The Arts To Build A Better Future?, Tavares Strachan.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7689031|Tavares Strachan]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 1979-12-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tavares_strachan tavares_strachan]
| [[:d:Q7689031|Q7689031]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:MAKERS event New York Feb 7, 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q443207|Tavi Gevinson]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q106568011|magazine editor]]''
| 1996-04-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tavi_gevinson tavi_gevinson]
| [[:d:Q443207|Q443207]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tawanda Kanhema Profile.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q68519572|Tawanda Kanhema]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1980s
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tawanda_kanhema tawanda_kanhema]
| [[:d:Q68519572|Q68519572]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q117640068|Taylor Cassidy]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q94791573|TikToker]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/taylor_cassidy taylor_cassidy]
| [[:d:Q117640068|Q117640068]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Taylor Mali.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5973239|Taylor Mali]]''
| 
| [[múinteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[file]]
| 1965-03-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/taylor_mali taylor_mali]
| [[:d:Q5973239|Q5973239]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Taylor Wilson - 02.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1421302|Taylor Wilson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16742096|eolaí núicléach]]''
| 1994-05-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/taylor_wilson taylor_wilson]
| [[:d:Q1421302|Q1421302]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7693254|Ted Halstead]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1968-07-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ted_halstead ted_halstead]
| [[:d:Q7693254|Q7693254]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:MK34966 Teddy Cruz.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q17350521|Teddy Cruz]]''
| ailtire Guatamalach
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131062|pleanálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1962
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Guatamala]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/teddy_cruz teddy_cruz]
| [[:d:Q17350521|Q17350521]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Teitur Lassen 20090502-DSCF1829.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q737181|Teitur Lassen]]''
| 
| [[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q855091|giotáraí]]''
| 1977-01-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q756617|Ríocht na Danmhairge]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/teitur teitur]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/2396 2396]
| [[:d:Q737181|Q737181]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23887635|Temie Giwa]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1985-12-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Nigéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/temie_giwa_tubosun temie_giwa_tubosun]
| [[:d:Q23887635|Q23887635]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Teresa Bejan 2018.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q30674189|Teresa Bejan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15994177|teoiricí polaitiúil]]''
| 1984-03-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/teresa_bejan teresa_bejan]
| [[:d:Q30674189|Q30674189]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783488|Terry Moore]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/terry_moore terry_moore]
| [[:d:Q23783488|Q23783488]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q106253912|Tessa Khan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tessa_khan tessa_khan]
| [[:d:Q106253912|Q106253912]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q130640464|Tessa West]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tessa_west tessa_west]
| [[:d:Q130640464|Q130640464]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Thandiswa Mazwai1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4348940|Thandiswa Mazwai]]''
| ceoltóir as an Afraic Theas
| [[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí is scríbhneoir]]
| 1976-03-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Afraic Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/thandiswa_mazwai thandiswa_mazwai]
| [[:d:Q4348940|Q4348940]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Thandiwe Newton Peabody Awards, June 2021.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q229029|Thandiwe Newton]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''
| 1972-11-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/thandie_newton thandie_newton]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/thandiwe_newton thandiwe_newton]
| [[:d:Q229029|Q229029]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q96002081|Thasunda Duckett]]''
| 
| 
| 1973-07-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/thasunda_duckett thasunda_duckett]
| [[:d:Q96002081|Q96002081]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:A Tribe Called Red, Hideaway Records and Bar, February 2014.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4660300|The Halluci Nation]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/a_tribe_called_red a_tribe_called_red]
| [[:d:Q4660300|Q4660300]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23797818|The LXD]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/lxd lxd]
| [[:d:Q23797818|Q23797818]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23797880|The Lady Lifers]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/the_lady_lifers the_lady_lifers]
| [[:d:Q23797880|Q23797880]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23798957|The TED Staff]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/daffodil_hudson daffodil_hudson]
| [[:d:Q23798957|Q23798957]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Unleashing Entrepreneurial Innovation with Stanford University Theaster Gates.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7777257|Theaster Gates]]''
| ealaíontóir
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10774753|taibhealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7541856|criadóir]]''
| 1973-08-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/theaster_gates theaster_gates]
| [[:d:Q7777257|Q7777257]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7781067|Thelma Golden]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q674426|coimeádaí]]''
| 1966-09-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/thelma_golden thelma_golden]
| [[:d:Q7781067|Q7781067]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Jansen Theo Hannover.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q540764|Theo Jansen]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21000481|kinetic artist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1779650|innealtóir dearaidh]]''
| 1948-03-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29999|Ríocht na hÍsiltíre]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/theo_jansen theo_jansen]
| [[:d:Q540764|Q540764]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:2015LinnellFlansburghTMBG.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[They Might Be Giants]]
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/they_might_be_giants they_might_be_giants]
| [[:d:Q420880|Q420880]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Thom Mayne, USC, 2023.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q312847|Thom Mayne]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1944-01-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/thom_mayne thom_mayne]
| [[:d:Q312847|Q312847]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Photo by Mark Ostrow.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q99237228|Thomas Abt]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16012028|scoláire dlí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q600751|ionchúisitheoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/thomas_abt thomas_abt]
| [[:d:Q99237228|Q99237228]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q57091929|Thomas Curran]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1987-06-30
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/thomas_curran thomas_curran]
| [[:d:Q57091929|Q57091929]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q109414016|Thomas Dohmke]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q183888|forbróir bogearraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/thomas_dohmke thomas_dohmke]
| [[:d:Q109414016|Q109414016]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Thomas Dolby, 2006.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q553790|Thomas Dolby]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q55960555|ealaíontóir taifeadta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''
| 1958-10-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/thomas_dolby thomas_dolby]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/107 107]
| [[:d:Q553790|Q553790]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783479|Thomas Goetz]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5780518|communicator]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/thomas_goetz thomas_goetz]
| [[:d:Q23783479|Q23783479]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:CREDIT Raquel Diniz BO5A8061 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3051023|Thomas Heatherwick]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 1970-02-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/thomas_heatherwick thomas_heatherwick]
| [[:d:Q3051023|Q3051023]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tidenes TV-seilas - NMD 2012 (7176547966) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23768719|Thomas Hellum]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Iorua]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/thomas_hellum thomas_hellum]
| [[:d:Q23768719|Q23768719]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q77873402|Thomas L. Griffiths]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q14565186|cognitive scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tom_griffiths tom_griffiths]
| [[:d:Q77873402|Q77873402]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7792920|Thomas P. Campbell]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1792450|staraí na healaíne]]''
| 1962
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/thomas_p_campbell thomas_p_campbell]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1217 1217]
| [[:d:Q7792920|Q7792920]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Thomas Barnett.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q381984|Thomas P. M. Barnett]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16947320|geopolitical analyst]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q115429803|geostrategist]]''
| 1962
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/thomas_barnett thomas_barnett]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/33 33]
| [[:d:Q381984|Q381984]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Thomas Piketty2.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Thomas Piketty]]
| eacnamaí Francach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1706722|comhalta taighde]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''
| 1971-05-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/thomas_piketty thomas_piketty]
| [[:d:Q984448|Q984448]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:2014-01-08 Thomas Pogge 4737-cropped.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q66820|Thomas Pogge]]''
| fealsamh Gearmánach
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''
| 1953-08-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/thomas_pogge thomas_pogge]
| [[:d:Q66820|Q66820]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Thomas Insel NIMH 2011.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q891667|Thomas R. Insel]]''
| néareolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q211346|síciatraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1951-10-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/thomas_insel thomas_insel]
| [[:d:Q891667|Q891667]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tom Shannon, The Highline.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7817541|Thomas Shannon]]''
| ealaíontóir
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''
| 1947-06-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tom_shannon tom_shannon]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/445 445]
| [[:d:Q7817541|Q7817541]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23657200|Thomas Suarez]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/thomas_suarez thomas_suarez]
| [[:d:Q23657200|Q23657200]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Thomas Thwaites - PopTech 2011 - Camden Maine USA (6267267862).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23784804|Thomas Thwaites]]''
| ealaíontóir
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11977439|interaction designer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/thomas_thwaites thomas_thwaites]
| [[:d:Q23784804|Q23784804]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Thordis Elva December 2019.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q28962547|Thordis Elva]]''
| scríbhneoir Íoslannach
| ''[[:d:Q709113|write]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q487596|comhairleoir amharclainne]]''
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Íoslainn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/thordis_elva thordis_elva]
| [[:d:Q28962547|Q28962547]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7798747|Thulasiraj Ravilla]]''
| fear gnó Indiach
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ravilla_thulasiraj ravilla_thulasiraj]
| [[:d:Q7798747|Q7798747]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tierney Thys5 (14807437303) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q20090055|Tierney Thys]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3640160|bitheolaí muirí]]''
| 1966
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tierney_thys tierney_thys]
| [[:d:Q20090055|Q20090055]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q109498389|Tiffany Watt Smith]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tiffany_watt_smith tiffany_watt_smith]
| [[:d:Q109498389|Q109498389]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tiffany Yu, Founder of Diversability, at A Day in the Life of a Refugee, Davos 2018.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q91765487|Tiffany Yu]]''
| 
| 
| 1988
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tiffany_yu_TEDxBethesda20180303-22856 tiffany_yu_TEDxBethesda20180303-22856]
| [[:d:Q91765487|Q91765487]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:LS3 4919 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Tim Berners-Lee]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5482740|ríomhchláraitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6859454|forbróir gréasáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''
| 1955-06-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tim_berners_lee tim_berners_lee]
| [[:d:Q80|Q80]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7803180|Tim Birkhead]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q350979|míoleolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1225716|éaneolaí]]''
| 1950-02-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tim_birkhead tim_birkhead]
| [[:d:Q7803180|Q7803180]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Interview with IDEO CEO Tim Brown about innovating together (Drucker Forum 2018) 3-5 screenshot.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1735158|Tim Brown]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11287574|industrial designer]]''
| 1962-06-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tim_brown tim_brown]
| [[:d:Q1735158|Q1735158]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tim Flannery.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q728660|Tim Flannery]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1662561|pailé-ointeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q350979|míoleolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11900058|taiscéalaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18805|nádúraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''
| 1956-01-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tim_flannery tim_flannery]
| [[:d:Q728660|Q728660]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tim Guinee by Gage Skidmore.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q788586|Tim Guinee]]''
| aisteoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2259451|aisteoir stáitse]]''
| 1962-11-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tim_guinee tim_guinee]
| [[:d:Q788586|Q788586]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tim Harford in 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1141956|Tim Harford]]''
| eacnamaí agus iriseoir Briotanach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''
| 1973-09-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tim_harford tim_harford]
| [[:d:Q1141956|Q1141956]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tim Jackson, 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q509730|Tim Jackson]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1957-06-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tim_jackson tim_jackson]
| [[:d:Q509730|Q509730]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tim Leberecht - 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23663091|Tim Leberecht]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15978655|sainchomhairleoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q855091|giotáraí]]''
| 1972
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tim_leberecht tim_leberecht]
| [[:d:Q23663091|Q23663091]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q114349266|Tim Urban]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tim_urban tim_urban]
| [[:d:Q114349266|Q114349266]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Timothy Ferriss (2315822162).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q563672|Timothy Ferriss]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q139648|soiscéalaí teicneolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q557880|infheisteoir]]''
| 1977-07-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tim_ferriss tim_ferriss]
| [[:d:Q563672|Q563672]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7807273|Timothy J. Bartik]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1952-10-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/timothy_bartik timothy_bartik]
| [[:d:Q7807273|Q7807273]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662586|Timothy Prestero]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/timothy_prestero timothy_prestero]
| [[:d:Q23662586|Q23662586]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Timothy Snyder, 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q747312|Timothy Snyder]]''
| staraí Meiriceánach
| [[staraí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4263842|léirmheastóir liteartha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1969-08-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/timothy_snyder timothy_snyder]
| [[:d:Q747312|Q747312]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2435551|Tina Seelig]]''
| údar Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20158113|management engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''
| 1958&lt;br/&gt;1957
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tina_seelig tina_seelig]
| [[:d:Q2435551|Q2435551]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19893434|Tiq Milan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12859263|cainteoir poiblí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q19509201|gníomhaí ar son cearta daoine LADT]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2449503|fear trasinscneach]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tiq_milan tiq_milan]
| [[:d:Q19893434|Q19893434]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Titus Kaphar at CitizenUCon17 - Reckoning With History - Panel Discussion.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q28839817|Titus Kaphar]]''
| ealaíontóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15296811|maisitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]
| 1976
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/titus_kaphar titus_kaphar]
| [[:d:Q28839817|Q28839817]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23670500|Toby Eccles]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/toby_eccles toby_eccles]
| [[:d:Q23670500|Q23670500]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:PeVa IMG 7892 Vu Communicatie OAJ Toby Kiers.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q78103998|Toby Kiers]]''
| 
| [[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2487799|míceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1976
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/toby_kiers toby_kiers]
| [[:d:Q78103998|Q78103998]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Toby Shapshak - In Africa, necessity is the mother of innovation - Screenshot.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q19664221|Toby Shapshak]]''
| 
| [[iriseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Afraic Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/toby_shapshak toby_shapshak]
| [[:d:Q19664221|Q19664221]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tod Machover JI1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3738050|Tod Machover]]''
| cumadóir
| ''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16145150|múinteoir ceoil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q486748|pianódóir]]''
| 1953-11-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tod_machover tod_machover]
| [[:d:Q3738050|Q3738050]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662531|Todd Humphreys]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5669847|ollamh cúnta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4479442|bunaitheoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/todd_humphreys todd_humphreys]
| [[:d:Q23662531|Q23662531]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23656743|Todd Kuiken]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q19902880|biomedical engineer]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/todd_kuiken todd_kuiken]
| [[:d:Q23656743|Q23656743]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q88052951|Todd Prentice Coleman]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/todd_coleman todd_coleman]
| [[:d:Q88052951|Q88052951]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tom Chatfield - Debating Europe.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7815261|Tom Chatfield]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tom_chatfield tom_chatfield]
| [[:d:Q7815261|Q7815261]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23765117|Tom Honey]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1234713|diagaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q193364|biocáire]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/rev_tom_honey rev_tom_honey]
| [[:d:Q23765117|Q23765117]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q108801323|Tom Hulme]]''
| 
| 
| 1976-06-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tom_hulme tom_hulme]
| [[:d:Q108801323|Q108801323]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Thomas Oxley with Stentrode.tif|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q65048589|Tom Oxley]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 1980-09-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/thomas_oxley thomas_oxley]
| [[:d:Q65048589|Q65048589]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23655997|Tom Rielly]]''
| 
| [[fuirseoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tom_rielly tom_rielly]
| [[:d:Q23655997|Q23655997]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q76140953|Tom Rivett-Carnac]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q854997|manach Búdaíoch]]''
| 1977-11
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tom_rivett_carnac tom_rivett_carnac]
| [[:d:Q76140953|Q76140953]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23712919|Tom Thum]]''
| 
| [[ceoltóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tom_thum tom_thum]
| [[:d:Q23712919|Q23712919]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783043|Tom Uglow]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q667982|creative director]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tom_uglow tom_uglow]
| [[:d:Q23783043|Q23783043]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tom Wujec Speaking Photo.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7818114|Tom Wujec]]''
| scoláire Ceanadach
| ''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''
| 1959-07-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tom_wujec tom_wujec]
| [[:d:Q7818114|Q7818114]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tomás Saraceno a Firenze, 21 febbraio 2020, 04.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2441279|Tomás Saraceno]]''
| ealaíontóir Airgintíneach
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10774753|taibhealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18074503|ealaíontóir suiteáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ealaíontóir]]
| 1973
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Airgintín]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/toma_s_saraceno toma_s_saraceno]
| [[:d:Q2441279|Q2441279]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23727824|Toni Griffin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131062|pleanálaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/toni_griffin toni_griffin]
| [[:d:Q23727824|Q23727824]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tony Fadell.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q92879|Tony Fadell]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1969-03-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tony_fadell tony_fadell]
| [[:d:Q92879|Q92879]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q9360020|Tony Porter]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tony_porter tony_porter]
| [[:d:Q9360020|Q9360020]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tony Robbins.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q380429|Tony Robbins]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15982858|cainteoir inspreagtha]]''
| 1960-02-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tony_robbins tony_robbins]
| [[:d:Q380429|Q380429]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23782672|Tony Wyss-Coray]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tony_wyss_coray tony_wyss_coray]
| [[:d:Q23782672|Q23782672]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23769244|Topher White]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5352191|teicneoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4479442|bunaitheoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/topher_white topher_white]
| [[:d:Q23769244|Q23769244]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23759778|Torsten Reil]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q20739288|neurobiologist]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/torsten_reil torsten_reil]
| [[:d:Q23759778|Q23759778]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Touria El Glaoui.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q27999600|Touria El Glaoui]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q780596|coimeádaí taispeántais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q173950|déileálaí saothar ealaíne]]''
| 1974
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Maracó]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/touria_el_glaoui touria_el_glaoui]
| [[:d:Q27999600|Q27999600]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:TraceeEllisRossbyErikMelvin (1).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q534371|Tracee Ellis Ross]]''
| ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2059704|stiúrthóir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fuirseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1972-10-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tracee_ellis_ross tracee_ellis_ross]
| [[:d:Q534371|Q534371]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tracy Chevalier tree.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q232212|Tracy Chevalier]]''
| scríbhneoir Meiriceánach
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[úrscéalaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''
| 1962-10-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tracy_chevalier tracy_chevalier]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1393 1393]
| [[:d:Q232212|Q232212]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tracy Edwards 2017.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7831729|Tracy Edwards]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q476246|mairnéalach]]''
| 1962-09-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tracy_edwards tracy_edwards]
| [[:d:Q7831729|Q7831729]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Travis Kalanick at DLD Munich 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7836291|Travis Kalanick]]''
| fiontraí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1976-08-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/travis_kalanick travis_kalanick]
| [[:d:Q7836291|Q7836291]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Travis rieder5188080.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q88971005|Travis N Rieder]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/travis_rieder travis_rieder]
| [[:d:Q88971005|Q88971005]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:-rpTEN - Tag 2 (26728456081).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q115309212|Trebor Scholz]]''
| 
| 
| 1969
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/trebor_scholz trebor_scholz]
| [[:d:Q115309212|Q115309212]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18763756|Trevor Aaronson]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15931838|investigative journalist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/trevor_aaronson trevor_aaronson]
| [[:d:Q18763756|Q18763756]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q123334883|Trevor Copp]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/trevor_copp trevor_copp]
| [[:d:Q123334883|Q123334883]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tristan Harris at Collision Conf 2018.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q59781806|Tristan Harris]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1984
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tristan_harris tristan_harris]
| [[:d:Q59781806|Q59781806]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tristram Stuart, 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2451241|Tristram Stuart]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[staraí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839134|éiceolaí]]''
| 1977-03-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tristram_stuart tristram_stuart]
| [[:d:Q2451241|Q2451241]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23729168|Tristram Wyatt]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q350979|míoleolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16063497|bitheolaí éabhlóideach]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16831721|eiteolaí]]''
| 1956-12-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tristram_wyatt tristram_wyatt]
| [[:d:Q23729168|Q23729168]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Attitudes from Tehran - New America Foundation - Trita Parsi.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4674518|Trita Parsi]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1238570|eolaí polaitiúil]]''
| 1974-07-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Iaráin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/trita_parsi trita_parsi]
| [[:d:Q4674518|Q4674518]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q124413853|Tsedal Neeley]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tsedal_neeley tsedal_neeley]
| [[:d:Q124413853|Q124413853]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tshering Tobgay.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7849613|Tshering Tobgay]]''
| polaiteoir Bútánach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1965-09-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Bhútáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tshering_tobgay tshering_tobgay]
| [[:d:Q7849613|Q7849613]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tyler Cowen 1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q602278|Tyler Cowen]]''
| eacnamaí
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1231865|oideolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q8246794|blagálaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15077007|podchraoltóir]]''
| 1962-01-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tyler_cowen tyler_cowen]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1186 1186]
| [[:d:Q602278|Q602278]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23670993|Tyler DeWitt]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tyler_dewitt tyler_dewitt]
| [[:d:Q23670993|Q23670993]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tyrone Hayes at King University in 2013 (10680719164).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7861609|Tyrone Hayes]]''
| bitheolaí Meiriceánach
| [[bitheolaí]]
| 1967-07-29
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tyrone_hayes tyrone_hayes]
| [[:d:Q7861609|Q7861609]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Tzeporah Berman, 2009 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q14949536|Tzeporah Berman]]''
| gníomhaí Ceanadach
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 1969-02-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tzeporah_berman tzeporah_berman]
| [[:d:Q14949536|Q14949536]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Gegenschatz.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q666346|Ueli Gegenschatz]]''
| spéirthumadóir Eilvéiseach
| ''[[:d:Q6060450|spéirthumadóir]]''
| 1971-01-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Eilvéis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ueli_gegenschatz ueli_gegenschatz]
| [[:d:Q666346|Q666346]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q21635200|Uldus Bakhtiozina]]''
| ealaíontóir Rúiseach
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''
| 1986-07-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Rúis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/uldus_bakhtiozina uldus_bakhtiozina]
| [[:d:Q21635200|Q21635200]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q117222245|Uma Valeti]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/uma_valeti uma_valeti]
| [[:d:Q117222245|Q117222245]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Alon Uri.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7900508|Uri Alon]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11827483|ordinary professor]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14906342|bithfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839206|bitheolaí móilíneach]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[bitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1969-03-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Iosrael]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/uri_alon uri_alon]
| [[:d:Q7900508|Q7900508]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42791358|Uri Hasson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q20739288|neurobiologist]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/uri_hasson uri_hasson]
| [[:d:Q42791358|Q42791358]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ursula von der Leyen 2024.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Ursula von der Leyen]]
| polaiteoir Gearmánach
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2730732|marcach]]''
| 1958-10-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ursula_von_der_leyen ursula_von_der_leyen]
| [[:d:Q60772|Q60772]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ursus Wehrli, 2011 (cropped).JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1672786|Ursus Wehrli]]''
| grianghrafadóir Eilvéiseach
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1969-08-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Eilvéis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ursus_wehrli ursus_wehrli]
| [[:d:Q1672786|Q1672786]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662548|Usman Riaz]]''
| 
| [[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/usman_riaz usman_riaz]
| [[:d:Q23662548|Q23662548]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ugur Sahin v1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2505089|Uğur Şahin]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16062369|oinceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]
| 1965-09-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Tuirc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ugur_sahin ugur_sahin]
| [[:d:Q2505089|Q2505089]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Valarie Kaur, 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q25197171|Valarie Kaur]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1235146|déantóir scannán faisnéise]]''
| 1981-02-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/valarie_kaur valarie_kaur]
| [[:d:Q25197171|Q25197171]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q77814457|Valerie Purdie Greenaway]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/valerie_purdie_greenaway valerie_purdie_greenaway]
| [[:d:Q77814457|Q77814457]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16728981|Valorie Kondos Field]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3246315|príomhchóitseálaí]]''
| 1959-08-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/valorie_kondos_field valorie_kondos_field]
| [[:d:Q16728981|Q16728981]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Van Jones (27958227305) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Van Jones]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15982858|cainteoir inspreagtha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1021386|gníomhaí ar son cearta sibhialta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1642960|tráchtaire]]''
| 1968-09-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/van_jones van_jones]
| [[:d:Q3742492|Q3742492]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Vanessa Nakate.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q83614709|Vanessa Nakate]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''
| 1996-11-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Uganda]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/vanessa_nakate vanessa_nakate]
| [[:d:Q83614709|Q83614709]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Varun Sivaram.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q27916436|Varun Sivaram]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q13582652|innealtóir sibhialta]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]
| 1989
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/varun_sivaram varun_sivaram]
| [[:d:Q27916436|Q27916436]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q88961214|Veerle Provoost]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1974
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/veerle_provoost veerle_provoost]
| [[:d:Q88961214|Q88961214]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Vera Songwe at the UK-Africa Investment Summit 2020 (49418317753) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q22097089|Vera Songwe]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1968
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Camarún]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/vera_songwe vera_songwe]
| [[:d:Q22097089|Q22097089]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Vernā Myers.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23769282|Vernā Myers]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/verna_myers verna_myers]
| [[:d:Q23769282|Q23769282]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23663066|Vicki Arroyo]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/vicki_arroyo vicki_arroyo]
| [[:d:Q23663066|Q23663066]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q28823210|Victor Rios]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/victor_rios victor_rios]
| [[:d:Q28823210|Q28823210]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:VVescovo at the Calypso Deep Prior to Diving Feb 2020 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q60050774|Victor Vescovo]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11900058|taiscéalaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[spásaire]]
| 1966-02-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/victor_vescovo victor_vescovo]
| [[:d:Q60050774|Q60050774]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7929163|Vijay Kumar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3437279|roboticist]]''
| 1962-04-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/vijay_kumar vijay_kumar]
| [[:d:Q7929163|Q7929163]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Visita - Artista Plástico Vik Muniz (53515588190) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1288454|Vik Muniz]]''
| ealaíontóir Brasaíleach
| [[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q33123562|ealaíontóir talún]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15296811|maisitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q14623005|línitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''
| 1961-12-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Bhrasaíl]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/vik_muniz vik_muniz]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/32 32]
| [[:d:Q1288454|Q1288454]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Vikram Patel at The Asian Awards.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q21712261|Vikram Patel]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q211346|síciatraí]]''
| 1964-05-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/vikram_patel vikram_patel]
| [[:d:Q21712261|Q21712261]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q87839253|Vikram Sharma]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/vikram_sharma vikram_sharma]
| [[:d:Q87839253|Q87839253]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Viktor Frankl2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q154723|Viktor Frankl]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1900167|síciteiripeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q211346|síciatraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]&lt;br/&gt;[[néareolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q64485042|existential therapist]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[máinlia]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2095549|eitleoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1905-03-26
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ostair]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/viktor_e_frankl viktor_e_frankl]
| [[:d:Q154723|Q154723]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Vilayanur S Ramachandran 2011 Shankbone.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q380221|Vilayanur S. Ramachandran]]''
| néareolaí
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1231865|oideolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[néareolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1951-08-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/vilayanur_ramachandran vilayanur_ramachandran]
| [[:d:Q380221|Q380221]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q114874475|Vinay Shandal]]''
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/vinay_shandal vinay_shandal]
| [[:d:Q114874475|Q114874475]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662545|Vinay Venkatraman]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/vinay_venkatraman vinay_venkatraman]
| [[:d:Q23662545|Q23662545]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q16682693|Vincent Cochetel]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/vincent_cochetel vincent_cochetel]
| [[:d:Q16682693|Q16682693]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Vincent Moon.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q977743|Vincent Moon]]''
| stiúrthóir scannán Francach
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1979-08-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/vincent_moon vincent_moon]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/2104 2104]
| [[:d:Q977743|Q977743]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Vinod Khosla, Web 2.0 Conference.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q738005|Vinod Khosla]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1955-01-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/vinod_khosla vinod_khosla]
| [[:d:Q738005|Q738005]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Dr Vint Cerf ForMemRS.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q92743|Vint Cerf]]''
| ríomheolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q139648|soiscéalaí teicneolaíochta]]''
| 1943-06-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/vint_cerf vint_cerf]
| [[:d:Q92743|Q92743]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Virginia Postrel.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7934461|Virginia Postrel]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]
| 1960-01-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/virginia_postrel virginia_postrel]
| [[:d:Q7934461|Q7934461]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q85678964|Vishaan Chakrabarti]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/vishaan_chakrabarti vishaan_chakrabarti]
| [[:d:Q85678964|Q85678964]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783076|Vishal Vaid]]''
| 
| [[ceoltóir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/vishal_vaid vishal_vaid]
| [[:d:Q23783076|Q23783076]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q88839071|Vittorio Loreto]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/vittorio_loreto vittorio_loreto]
| [[:d:Q88839071|Q88839071]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Vivek Maru.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q24248305|Vivek Maru]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q380075|abhcóide]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/vivek_maru vivek_maru]
| [[:d:Q24248305|Q24248305]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Vivian Hunt public headshot.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q47010849|Vivian Hunt]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q185196|cnáimhseach]]''
| 1967-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/vivian_hunt vivian_hunt]
| [[:d:Q47010849|Q47010849]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Vusi Mahlasela 2015.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q909069|Vusi Mahlasela]]''
| ceoltóir as an Afraic Theas
| ''[[:d:Q36834|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q855091|giotáraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[cumadóir amhrán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]
| 1965
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Afraic Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/vusi_mahlasela vusi_mahlasela]
| [[:d:Q909069|Q909069]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Wadah Khanfar.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2918071|Wadah Khanfar]]''
| iriseoir Palaistíneach
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1968-09-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stát na Palaistíne]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/wadah_khanfar wadah_khanfar]
| [[:d:Q2918071|Q2918071]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Wade-Davis (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7959036|Wade Davis]]''
| antraipeolaí Ceanadach
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q32518759|eitnealuibheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1953-12-14
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/wade_davis wade_davis]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/62 62]
| [[:d:Q7959036|Q7959036]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Wael ghonim.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q312823|Wael Ghonim]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1980-12-23
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Éigipt]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/wael_ghonim wael_ghonim]
| [[:d:Q312823|Q312823]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:SXSW-2024-OB7A0147-alih-Wajahat Ali.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q65493690|Wajahat Ali]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q214917|drámadóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/wajahat_ali wajahat_ali]
| [[:d:Q65493690|Q65493690]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q55080924|Wale Oyejide]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3501317|dearthóir faisin]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ceoltóir]]
| 1981
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/wale_oyejide wale_oyejide]
| [[:d:Q55080924|Q55080924]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q22110955|Wan F.A. Jusoh]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3055126|feithideolaí]]''
| 
| 
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/wan_faridah_akmal_jusoh wan_faridah_akmal_jusoh]
| [[:d:Q22110955|Q22110955]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q41570105|Wanda Díaz-Merced]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q752129|réaltfhisiceoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q9379869|léachtóir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/wanda_diaz_merced wanda_diaz_merced]
| [[:d:Q41570105|Q41570105]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q457420|Wangechi Mutu]]''
| ealaíontóir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15296811|maisitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q22343478|ealaíontóir colláise]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18074503|ealaíontóir suiteáin]]''
| 1972-06-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Chéinia]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/wangechi_mutu wangechi_mutu]
| [[:d:Q457420|Q457420]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Wanjira Mathai at Global Scholars Symposium 2013.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q79996197|Wanjira Mathai]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 1971-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Chéinia]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/wanjira_mathai wanjira_mathai]
| [[:d:Q79996197|Q79996197]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Wanuri Kahiu.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3566180|Wanuri Kahiu]]''
| stiúrthóir scannán Céiniach
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''
| 1980-06-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Chéinia]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/wanuri_kahiu wanuri_kahiu]
| [[:d:Q3566180|Q3566180]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Wayne McGregor (Random Dance Company) (2545447164).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q2553119|Wayne McGregor]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2490358|cóiréagrafaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5716684|damhsóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3387717|stiúrthóir drámaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1231865|oideolaí]]''
| 1970-03-12
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/wayne_mcgregor wayne_mcgregor]
| [[:d:Q2553119|Q2553119]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q111536479|Wayne Ting]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/wayne_ting wayne_ting]
| [[:d:Q111536479|Q111536479]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23727987|Wendy Chung]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3126128|géineolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/wendy_chung wendy_chung]
| [[:d:Q23727987|Q23727987]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Wendy Freedman (4617812603).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5384049|Wendy Freedman]]''
| 
| [[réalteolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;[[fisiceoir]]
| 1957-07-17
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Ceanada]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/wendy_freedman wendy_freedman]
| [[:d:Q5384049|Q5384049]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7982704|Wendy Luers]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/wendy_woods wendy_woods]
| [[:d:Q7982704|Q7982704]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7982712|Wendy MacNaughton]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q644687|maisitheoir]]''
| 1977-11-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/wendy_macnaughton wendy_macnaughton]
| [[:d:Q7982712|Q7982712]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Wendy Suzuki at National Institutes of Health Director’s Lecture (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q56065068|Wendy Suzuki]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15143191|cumarsáidí eolaíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/wendy_suzuki wendy_suzuki]
| [[:d:Q56065068|Q56065068]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q56026002|Wendy Troxel]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/wendy_troxel wendy_troxel]
| [[:d:Q56026002|Q56026002]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Wes Moore Official Governor Portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q7983732|Wes Moore]]''
| 
| [[saighdiúir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2883465|baincéir infheistíochta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''
| 1978-10-15
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/wes_moore wes_moore]
| [[:d:Q7983732|Q7983732]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18978040|Will Guidara]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3427922|bialannaí]]''
| 1979-11-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/will_guidara will_guidara]
| [[:d:Q18978040|Q18978040]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Will Hurd Texas.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18639742|Will Hurd]]''
| polaiteoir Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''
| 1977-08-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/will_hurd will_hurd]
| [[:d:Q18639742|Q18639742]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:TechCrunch Disrupt San Francisco 2018 - day 1 (43784198524).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23688148|Will Marshall]]''
| 
| [[príomhoifigeach feidhmiúcháin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/will_marshall will_marshall]
| [[:d:Q23688148|Q23688148]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Will Potter 0959.JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q8003021|Will Potter]]''
| iriseoir Meiriceánach
| [[iriseoir]]
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/will_potter will_potter]
| [[:d:Q8003021|Q8003021]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Will Wright - Game Developers Conference 2010 (2).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q309493|Will Wright]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2405480|aisteoir gutha]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3630699|dearthóir cluichí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q58287519|video game developer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7016454|ealaíontóir na meán nua]]''
| 1960-01-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/will_wright will_wright]
| [[:d:Q309493|Q309493]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Willard Wigan (sq cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q8003505|Willard Wigan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''
| 1957-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/willard_wigan willard_wigan]
| [[:d:Q8003505|Q8003505]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bill Ford 2011.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q321698|William Clay Ford]]''
| fear gnó Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13382533|cleachtóir taecuando]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2961975|feidhmeannach gnó]]''
| 1957-05-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bill_ford bill_ford]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/912 912]
| [[:d:Q321698|Q321698]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Danny Hillis2.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q92942|William Daniel Hillis]]''
| ríomheolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1956-09-25
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/danny_hillis danny_hillis]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/961 961]
| [[:d:Q92942|Q92942]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Bill Clinton.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[William J. Clinton]]
| 42ú huachtarán na Stát Aontaithe, ó 1993 go 2001
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[taidhleoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q18814623|dírbheathaisnéisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[múinteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q372436|státaire]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12800682|sacsafónaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[gobharnóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[saineolaí dlí]]
| 1946-08-19
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bill_clinton bill_clinton]
| [[:d:Q1124|Q1124]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:William K. Black.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3568755|William K. Black]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''
| 1951-09-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/william_black william_black]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/1888 1888]
| [[:d:Q3568755|Q3568755]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:William Kamkwamba at TED in 2007.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q448964|William Kamkwamba]]''
| ceapadóir agus údar Malávach
| ''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1327627|electrotechnician]]''
| 1987-08-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Mhaláiv]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/william_kamkwamba william_kamkwamba]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/245287 245287]
| [[:d:Q448964|Q448964]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23783392|William Li]]''
| 
| [[eolaí]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/william_li william_li]
| [[:d:Q23783392|Q23783392]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:William MacAskill Portrait 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q20684655|William MacAskill]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q5403434|eiticí]]''
| 1987-03-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/will_macaskill will_macaskill]
| [[:d:Q20684655|Q20684655]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:William McDonough (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q1662745|William McDonough]]''
| ailtire Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1951-02-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/william_mcdonough william_mcdonough]
| [[:d:Q1662745|Q1662745]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662458|William Noel]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q12008505|academic librarian]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/will_noel will_noel]
| [[:d:Q23662458|Q23662458]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q8018871|William Stone]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q11900058|taiscéalaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10497074|innealtóir eitilte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''
| 1952-12-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/bill_stone bill_stone]
| [[:d:Q8018871|Q8018871]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q18749288|William Ury]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q482980|údar]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''
| 1953
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/william_ury william_ury]
| [[:d:Q18749288|Q18749288]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Prince of Wales in Normandy 2024.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[An Prionsa William, Diúc Cambridge|William, prionsa na Breataine Bige]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2095549|eitleoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13218361|imreoir póló]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q20726593|píolóta héileacaptair]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q2478141|uasal]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12362622|daonchara]]''
| 1982-06-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/prince_william_duke_of_cambridge prince_william_duke_of_cambridge]
| [[:d:Q36812|Q36812]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Willie Smits.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q939502|Willie Smits]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q21244999|forestry scientist]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q11966252|gníomhaí ar son cearta ainmhithe]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[micribhitheolaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 1957-02-22
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q29999|Ríocht na hÍsiltíre]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[an Indinéis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/willie_smits willie_smits]
| [[:d:Q939502|Q939502]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23301429|Wingham Rowan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/wingham_rowan wingham_rowan]
| [[:d:Q23301429|Q23301429]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23662498|Wolfgang Kessling]]''
| 
| [[fisiceoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/wolfgang_kessling wolfgang_kessling]
| [[:d:Q23662498|Q23662498]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q8033686|Woody Norris]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''
| 1938
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/woody_norris woody_norris]
| [[:d:Q8033686|Q8033686]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Xavier Cortada 2007 artist headshot.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16195477|Xavier Cortada]]''
| ealaíontóir
| ''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''
| 1964
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Cúba]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/xavier_cortada xavier_cortada]
| [[:d:Q16195477|Q16195477]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Xaviervilalta2010.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q8043321|Xavier Vilalta]]''
| ealaíontóir Spáinneach
| ''[[:d:Q42973|ailtire]]''
| 1980-05-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Spáinn]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/xavier_vilalta xavier_vilalta]
| [[:d:Q8043321|Q8043321]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Xiye Bastida, 2020 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q81646058|Xiye Bastida]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q61048378|gníomhaí aeráide]]''
| 2002-04-18
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Meicsiceo]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an tSile]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/xiye_bastida xiye_bastida]
| [[:d:Q81646058|Q81646058]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23713831|Xu Liu]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/xu_liu xu_liu]
| [[:d:Q23713831|Q23713831]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82046593|Yael Eisenstat]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yael_eisenstat yael_eisenstat]
| [[:d:Q82046593|Q82046593]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Yang Lan - Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2012.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q8048424|Yang Lan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13590141|láithreoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1420621|media proprietor]]''
| 1968-03-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Daon-Phoblacht na Síne]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yang_lan yang_lan]
| [[:d:Q8048424|Q8048424]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:2019-04-13 Yanis Varoufakis by Olaf Kosinsky-0658 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q40688|Yanis Varoufakis]]''
| eacnamaí agus polaiteoir Gréagach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15980158|scríbhneoir neamhfhicsin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1961-03-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Ghréig]]&lt;br/&gt;[[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yanis_varoufakis yanis_varoufakis]
| [[:d:Q40688|Q40688]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q28976247|Yaniv Erlich]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''
| 1979-11-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yaniv_erlich yaniv_erlich]
| [[:d:Q28976247|Q28976247]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Yann Arthus-Bertrand, 2009 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q314223|Yann Arthus-Bertrand]]''
| grianghrafadóir Francach
| ''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[grianghrafadóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q728425|balúnaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3578589|gníomhaí timpeallachta]]''
| 1946-03-13
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yann_arthus_bertrand yann_arthus_bertrand]
| [[:d:Q314223|Q314223]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23728380|Yann Dall'Aglio]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yann_dall_aglio yann_dall_aglio]
| [[:d:Q23728380|Q23728380]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Yann LeCun - 2018 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3571662|Yann LeCun]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1709010|innealtóir bogearraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1326886|innealtóir leictreach]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15976092|taighdeoir intleacht shaorga]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[ollamh]]
| 1960-07-08
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yann_lecun yann_lecun]
| [[:d:Q3571662|Q3571662]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Yara Shahidi in 2018.png|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q453620|Yara Shahidi]]''
| ban-aisteoir Meiriceánach
| [[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10800557|aisteoir scannáin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q10798782|aisteoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Mainicín faisin|mainicín]]
| 2000-02-10
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yara_shahidi yara_shahidi]
| [[:d:Q453620|Q453620]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Huang Yasheng.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q14948726|Yasheng Huang]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]
| 1960-03-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yasheng_huang yasheng_huang]
| [[:d:Q14948726|Q14948726]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q119840344|Yasmin Green]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yasmin_green yasmin_green]
| [[:d:Q119840344|Q119840344]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Yasmin Hurd.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q18044124|Yasmin Hurd]]''
| néareolaí Meiriceánach
| [[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[múinteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yasmin_hurd yasmin_hurd]
| [[:d:Q18044124|Q18044124]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:-5 - Yassmin Abdel-Magied.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23760263|Yassmin Abdel-Magied]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1906857|innealtóir meicniúil]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1991-03-03
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an tSúdáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yassmin_abdel_magied yassmin_abdel_magied]
| [[:d:Q23760263|Q23760263]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Yat Siu, Chief Executive Officer, Outblaze, Hong Kong - Flickr - Horasis.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16214630|Yat Siu]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1973
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yat_siu yat_siu]
| [[:d:Q16214630|Q16214630]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q51363202|Yejin Choi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82594|eolaí ríomhaireachta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15976270|ríomhtheangeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[An Chóiré Theas|Cóiré Theas]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yejin_choi yejin_choi]
| [[:d:Q51363202|Q51363202]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q129739802|Yifat Susskind]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1021386|gníomhaí ar son cearta sibhialta]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yifat_susskind yifat_susskind]
| [[:d:Q129739802|Q129739802]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Yilian-Canzares-350kzm1qdtka22tddedrcw6zxumisuqsur9ufxckj5ubj0cvu.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q20056629|Yilian Cañizares]]''
| 
| [[ceoltóir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[amhránaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1259917|veidhleadóir]]''
| 1980-12-16
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Eilvéis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Cúba]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yilian_canizares yilian_canizares]
| [[:d:Q20056629|Q20056629]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23656971|Yoav Medan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yoav_medan yoav_medan]
| [[:d:Q23656971|Q23656971]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:YochaiBenklerJI6.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q982240|Yochai Benkler]]''
| dlí-eolaí Meiriceánach
| [[eacnamaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q40348|dlíodóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16012028|scoláire dlí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[saineolaí dlí]]
| 1964
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Iosrael]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yochai_benkler yochai_benkler]
| [[:d:Q982240|Q982240]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Yongey-Mingyur-Rinpoche-in-2016.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q3314967|Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q191421|Lama]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1423891|ministir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1975-11&lt;br/&gt;1975
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Neipeal]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yongey_mingyur_rinpoche yongey_mingyur_rinpoche]
| [[:d:Q3314967|Q3314967]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Yoram Yovell.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q6977235|Yoram Yovell]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6337803|eolaí néarchórais]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3410028|síocanailísí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q211346|síciatraí]]''
| 1958-08-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Iosrael]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yoram_yovell yoram_yovell]
| [[:d:Q6977235|Q6977235]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Yoruba Richen (7311549170).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q16738382|Yoruba Richen]]''
| 
| [[stiúrthóir scannán]]&lt;br/&gt;[[léiritheoir scannáin]]
| 1972
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yoruba_richen yoruba_richen]
| [[:d:Q16738382|Q16738382]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Yossi Vardi, 2005.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q4027187|Yossi Vardi]]''
| fear gnó Iosraelach
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 1942-09-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Iosrael]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yossi_vardi yossi_vardi]
| [[:d:Q4027187|Q4027187]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q8060785|Yuko Munakata]]''
| síceolaí Meiriceánach
| ''[[:d:Q212980|síceolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q357813|ollamh taca]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yuko_munakata_1 yuko_munakata_1]
| [[:d:Q8060785|Q8060785]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:MKr364751 Yuval Noah Harari (Frankfurter Buchmesse 2024).jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Yuval Noah Harari|Yuval Harari]]
| staraí Iosraelach
| ''[[:d:Q3332711|meánaoisí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q112972705|popular science author]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1493121|staraí míleata]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4964182|fealsamh]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]
| 1976-02-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Iosrael]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yuval_noah_harari yuval_noah_harari]
| [[:d:Q2484404|Q2484404]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23712653|Yuyu Rau]]''
| 
| 
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| 
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yuyu_rau yuyu_rau]
| [[:d:Q23712653|Q23712653]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q118444951|Yve Blake]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[An Astráil|Astráil]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yve_blake yve_blake]
| [[:d:Q118444951|Q118444951]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Yves Behar.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q123419|Yves Béhar]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q5322166|dearthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''
| 1967-05-09
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Eilvéis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yves_behar yves_behar]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/236 236]
| [[:d:Q123419|Q123419]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23728732|Yves Morieux]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q683476|financial adviser]]''
| 1960
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yves_morieux yves_morieux]
| [[:d:Q23728732|Q23728732]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Yves Rossi mg 4625.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q460670|Yves Rossy]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2095549|eitleoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q205375|cumadóir]]''
| 1959-08-27
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Eilvéis]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yves_rossy yves_rossy]
| [[:d:Q460670|Q460670]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Yvonne Aki-Sawyerr.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q55238200|Yvonne Aki-Sawyerr]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''
| 1968-01-07
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Siarra Leon]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/yvonne_aki_sawyerr yvonne_aki_sawyerr]
| [[:d:Q55238200|Q55238200]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Official portrait of Lord Goldsmith of Richmond Park crop 2.jpg|center|128px]]
| [[Zac Goldsmith]]
| polaiteoir agus iriseoir Briotanach (rugadh 1975)
| ''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1607826|eagarthóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q15839134|éiceolaí]]''
| 1975-01-20
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann|an Ríocht Aontaithe]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/zac_goldsmith zac_goldsmith]
| [[:d:Q391562|Q391562]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Zach Kaplan and Brian Fitzpatrick at ORD Camp 2014 (13907776842) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q8063810|Zach Kaplan]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1970s
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/zach_kaplan zach_kaplan]
| [[:d:Q8063810|Q8063810]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Zach King Photo.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q15734051|Zach King]]''
| scannánóir Meiriceánach, aisteoir gutha agus pearsantacht idirlín
| [[léiritheoir scannáin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[aisteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1414443|déantóir scannán]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28389|scríbhneoir scripte]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1053574|léiritheoir feidhmiúcháin]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q7042855|eagarthóir scannán]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17125263|cruthaitheoir YouTube]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q13235160|monaróir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[stiúrthóir scannán]]
| 1990-02-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/zach_king zach_king]
| [[:d:Q15734051|Q15734051]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23670988|Zahra' Langhi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1476215|gníomhaí ar son chearta an duine]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q82955|polaiteoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16323111|gníomhaí síochána]]''
| 1975-01-28
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Libia]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/zahra_langhi zahra_langhi]
| [[:d:Q23670988|Q23670988]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Zainab Salbi.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12214935|Zainab Salbi]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q947873|láithreoir teilifíse]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q4479442|bunaitheoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q28692502|gníomhaí ar son chearta na mban]]''
| 1969-09-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q3108185|Ba'athist Iraq]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/zainab_salbi zainab_salbi]
| [[:d:Q12214935|Q12214935]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q99197458|Zainab Usman]]''
| 
| [[eacnamaí]]
| 1986
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Nigéir]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/zainab_usman zainab_usman]
| [[:d:Q99197458|Q99197458]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Zak Ebrahim (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23728371|Zak Ebrahim]]''
| 
| [[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16323111|gníomhaí síochána]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q16003550|síochánaí]]''
| 1983-03-24
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/zak_ebrahim zak_ebrahim]
| [[:d:Q23728371|Q23728371]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q47544805|Zaria Forman]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]
| 1982
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/zaria_forman zaria_forman]
| [[:d:Q47544805|Q47544805]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q110028598|Zarlasht Halaimzai]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q15253558|gníomhaí]]''
| 1981
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Afganastáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/zarlasht_halaimzai zarlasht_halaimzai]
| [[:d:Q110028598|Q110028598]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ze Frank at the 2010 Streamy Awards (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q169286|Ze Frank]]''
| 
| [[ealaíontóir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q578109|léiritheoir teilifíse]]''
| 1972-03-31
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ze_frank ze_frank]
| [[:d:Q169286|Q169286]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Zeresenay Alemseged (2013-01).JPG|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q163169|Zeresenay Alemseged]]''
| pailéa-antraipeolaí Aetópach
| ''[[:d:Q4773904|antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[seandálaí]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q17488316|réamhstaraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q21272406|pailé-antraipeolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 1969-06-04
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Aetóip]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/zeresenay_alemseged zeresenay_alemseged]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/141 141]
| [[:d:Q163169|Q163169]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Zeynep Tufekci crop.jpeg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q23759736|Zeynep Tüfekçi]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q2306091|socheolaí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q6051619|iriseoir tuairime]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1622272|múinteoir ollscoile]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[scríbhneoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[iriseoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q123853167|magazine writer]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q3400985|acadóir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''
| 20th century
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Tuirc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/zeynep_tufekci zeynep_tufekci]
| [[:d:Q23759736|Q23759736]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Remise du Prix Sakharov à Malala Yousafzai Strasbourg 20 novembre 2013 01.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q8071389|Ziauddin Yousafzai]]''
| taidhleoir Pacastánach
| [[taidhleoir]]&lt;br/&gt;[[múinteoir]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q47799218|education activist]]''
| 1969-01
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Phacastáin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ziauddin_yousafzai ziauddin_yousafzai]
| [[:d:Q8071389|Q8071389]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q23728728|Ziyah Gafić]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1980
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Bhoisnia-Heirseagaivéin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/ziyah_gafic ziyah_gafic]
| [[:d:Q23728728|Q23728728]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q97160702|Zoia Lytvyn]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q662729|pearsa phoiblí]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''
| 1986-04-02
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Úcráin]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/zoya_lytvyn zoya_lytvyn]
| [[:d:Q97160702|Q97160702]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Zubaida Bai 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q24572427|Zubaida Bai]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q43845|duine den lucht gnó]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an India]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/zubaida_bai zubaida_bai]
| [[:d:Q24572427|Q24572427]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:EL Seed (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q12955922|eL Seed]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1028181|péintéir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q1281618|dealbhóir]]''
| 1981-08-21
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[an Túinéis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Fhrainc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/el_seed el_seed]
| [[:d:Q12955922|Q12955922]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:IO Tillett Wright.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q5972933|iO Tillett Wright]]''
| 
| [[grianghrafadóir]]
| 1985-09-02
| ''[[:d:Q2449503|fear trasinscneach]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/io_tillett_wright io_tillett_wright]
| [[:d:Q5972933|Q5972933]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ólafur Elíasson Internationale Jury Berlinale 2017 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q365691|Ólafur Elíasson]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q3391743|amharcealaíontóir]]''
| 1967-02-05
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| ''[[:d:Q756617|Ríocht na Danmhairge]]''
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/olafur_eliasson olafur_eliasson]&lt;br/&gt;[https://www.ted.com/speakers/336 336]
| [[:d:Q365691|Q365691]]
|-
| [[Íomhá:Ozlem Tureci v1.jpg|center|128px]]
| ''[[:d:Q92379963|Özlem Türeci]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q1650915|taighdeoir]]''&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q131524|fiontraí]]''&lt;br/&gt;[[Lia|dochtúir leighis]]&lt;br/&gt;''[[:d:Q12119633|imdhíoneolaí]]''
| 1967-03-06
| ''[[:d:Q6581072|baineann]]''
| [[an Ghearmáin]]&lt;br/&gt;[[an Tuirc]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/oezlem_tuereci oezlem_tuereci]
| [[:d:Q92379963|Q92379963]]
|-
| 
| ''[[:d:Q7816025|توم غروبر]]''
| 
| ''[[:d:Q81096|innealtóir]]''
| 1959
| ''[[:d:Q6581097|fireann]]''
| [[Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]]
| [https://www.ted.com/speakers/tom_gruber tom_gruber]
| [[:d:Q7816025|Q7816025]]
|}
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Massawa</title>
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      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Massawa, Eritrea (Ottoman architecture).jpg]] → [[File:Massaua - hotel Torino.jpg]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1331" sha1="l8yqre24n4ffyi0av6hhi4urjor0stv" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Geografaíocht Pholaitiúil}}
Cathair san [[An Eiritré|Eiritré]] ar chósta thoir na tíre ar an [[Muir Rua]] is ea '''Massawa'''. Tá calafort ann a bhfuil tábhacht leis leis na céadta bliain. Tá 53,090 duine ina gcónaí ann. 

Ba chuid den [[Impireacht Otamánach]] é Massawa ag tosnú sna 1500idí déanacha. San 19ú haois bhí an [[An Éigipt|Éigipt]] i gceannas air le cead ó na hOtamánaigh a raibh smacht acu ar an Éigipt féin. Nuair a chuir na h[[An Iodáil|Iodálaigh]] Coilíneacht na hEiritré ar siúl, rinne siad príomhchathair na tíre de Massawa (1885–1897) sular aistrigh siad an rialtas coilíneachta go h[[Asmara]]. Sa bhliain 1921 scriosadh cuid mhór den chathair de bharr [[crith talún]]. Chuir na Briotanaigh ruaig ar na hIodálaigh go luath sa [[Dara Cogadh Domhanda]] agus d'fhan siad i gceannas ar an Eiritré agus ar Massawa go dtí 1952. Sna blianta 1952–1990 ba chuid den [[An Aetóip|Aetóip]] é agus chuir calafort Massawa ar chumas na nAetópach cabhlach a chur ar bun. I ndiaidh chogaidh idir an Eiritré agus an Aetóip bhain na hEiritrigh neamhspleáchas amach (rud a chuir deireadh leis an gCabhlach Aetópach).  

[[Íomhá:Massaua - hotel Torino.jpg|mion|175 px|Hotel Torino, sampla de sheanfhoirgneamh tipiciúil in Massawa]]

{{síol}}

[[Catagóir:An Eiritré]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Oidheadh Chlainne Uisnigh</title>
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Is cuid de chnuasach laochscéalta na [[Rúraíocht]]a é '''Oidheadh Chlainne Uisnigh'''.  Téann an scéal siar go dtí [[6ú haois]], ach scríobhadh an leagan leis an teideal úd as Nua-Ghaeilge Moch.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/Oidheadh_chloinne_hUisneach Oidheadh chloinne hUisneach]'', CODECS&lt;/ref&gt;

Scéal tragóideach is ea é faoin ógbhean [[Deirdre]], a bhí roghnaithe mar chéile ag [[Conchúr mac Neasa]], ach a d'éalaigh le [[Naoise]] go hAlbain.  Tar éis tamaill, d'iarr Conchúr ar Naoise agus a dheartháireacha, clann [[Uisneach|Uisnigh]], teacht ar ais go hÉirinn go dtuga sé mathúnais dóibh.  Maraíodh na deartháireacha go fealltach chomh luath agus a shroich siad príomhchathair an rí, [[Eamhain Mhacha]].  Léim Deirdre as carbad an rí agus rinneadh smidiríní dá ceann in aghaidh carraige.

==Foinsí==
* Lámhscríbhinní
** [[Leabhar Laighneach]], ll. 259b–261b; 12ú haois (leagan is sine)
** [[Leabhar Buí Leacáin]], col. 749–753; 14ú haois.
** [[Lámhscríbhinn Ghleann Masain]]; 15ú haois.
** [[Egerton 1782]], ff. 67r–69v; 16ú haois.
* [[Corpus of Electronic Texts|CELT]]
** [https://celt.ucc.ie//published/G301020B Longes mac n-Uislenn], G301020B
** [https://celt.ucc.ie/published/G301020.html Deirdre], G301020
** ''[https://celt.ucc.ie//published/T301020.html Deirdre]'', T301020, aistriúchán Béarla le [[Dubhghlas de hÍde]]
* CODECS
** [https://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/Longes_mac_nUislenn Longes mac nUislenn], ID 681
** [https://www.vanhamel.nl/codecs/Oidheadh_chloinne_hUisneach Oidheadh chloinne hUisneach], ID 2845
* [http://www.askaboutireland.ie/learning-zone/primary-students/5th-+-6th-class/irish-5th-+-6th-class/scealta/deirdre-agus-naoise/index.xml Deirdre agus Naoise] ar askaboutireland.ie
* [http://www.naoise.info/ Naoise + Deirdre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020153026/http://www.naoise.info/ |date=2019-10-20 }} ar naoise.info
* ''[http://www.allaboutdeirdre.com/deirdre-legend.htm Deirdre of the Sorrows]{{Dead link|date=Iúil 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'' ar allaboutdeirdre.com

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Longes mac nUislenn]]

==Tagairtí==
{{reflist}}


{{An Rúraíocht}}
[[Catagóir:Scéalta na Rúraíochta]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sally Rooney</title>
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Is údar [[Poblacht na hÉireann|Éireannach]] í '''Sally Rooney''' (a rugadh 20 Feabhra 1991). Foilsíodh a céad úrscéal, ''Conversations with Friends'', sa bhliain 2017. D'fhoilsigh sí ''Normal People'' ina dhiaidh sin i 2018.

== Oideachas agus a saol pearsanta ==
Rugadh Rooney i [[Caisleán an Bharraigh|gCaisleán an Bharraigh]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Armitstead&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/dec/02/sally-rooney-interview-dont-respond-authority-normal-people|teideal=Sally Rooney: ‘I don’t respond to authority very well’|údar=|dáta=|dátarochtana=}}&lt;/ref&gt; sa bhliain 1991, áit ar thógadh sí.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/may/24/sally-rooney-conversations-with-friends-interview-salinger-snapchat-generation|teideal='I have an aversion to failure': Sally Rooney feels the buzz of her debut novel|údar=Paula Cocozza|dáta=2017-05-24|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|dátarochtana=2020-01-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; D'oibrigh a athair do Telecom Éireann, agus bhí a máthair i gceannas ar ionad ealaíon. Tá deartháir níos sine agus deirfiúr níos óige ag Rooney. Rinne Rooney staidéar ar Bhéarla ag [[Coláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath|Coláiste na Tríonóide]], áit a raibh sí tofa mar scoláire sa bhliain 2011. Thosaigh sí céim mháistreachta sa pholaitíocht ann, ach níor chríochnaigh sí é. Bhain sí céim i litríocht Mheiriceánach ina ionad.

Ainmnítear Rooney mar an cainteoir is fearr ag Craobhchomórtais Díospóireachta Ollscoile na hEorpa i 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;Observer&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/jan/22/debut-novelists-2017-honeyman-underdown-rooney-ellwood-geary-knox-brooks-sudjic|teideal=Meet the new faces of fiction for 2017|údar=|dáta=|dátarochtana=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sula bheith ina scríbhneoir, bhí ról riaracháin aici i mbialann. Tá sí ina cónaí i [[Baile Átha Cliath|mBaile Átha Cliath]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Gairm ==

=== ''Conversations with Friends'' ===
Chríochnaigh Rooney a chéad úrscéal—rud a rinne sí cur síos ar mar 'raiméis amach is amach'—nuair a bhí sí 15.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Thosaigh sí ag scríobh 'de shíor' ag deireadh na bliana i 2014. Chuir sí críoch ag a céad úrscéal, ''Conversations with Friends'', nuair a bhí sí ag déanamh staidéir ar chéim mháistreachta i litríocht Mheiriceánach. Scríobh sí 100,000 focail den leabhar laistigh de trí mhí.

Foilsíodh an úrscéal i mí Meithimh 2017 ag Faber and Faber. Bhí sé ainmnithe le haghaidh an duais idináisiunta [[Dylan Thomas]] de chuid Ollscoil Swansea sa bhliain 2018&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/insight/conversation-sally-rooney-761456|teideal=Conversations with Authors: Sally Rooney talks to The Bookseller|údar=|dáta=|dátarochtana=}}&lt;/ref&gt; agus le haghaidh Duais Folio 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rathbonesfolioprize.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/EMBARGOED-Media-Release-Rathbones-Folio-Prize-shortlists-announced-FINAL.pdf|teideal=Folio Prize 2018|údar=|dáta=|dátarochtana=|archivedate=2019-02-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202041700/https://www.rathbonesfolioprize.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/EMBARGOED-Media-Release-Rathbones-Folio-Prize-shortlists-announced-FINAL.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ''Normal People'' ===
Foilsíodh an dara húrscéal ag Rooney, ''Normal People'', i mí Meán Fómhair 2018, ag Faber&amp;amp;Faber chomh maith.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/sally-rooney-s-second-novel-normal-people-due-in-september-1.3403083|teideal=Sally Rooney’s second novel, ‘Normal People’, due in September|údar=|dáta=|dátarochtana=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tháinig an t-úrscéal nuair a thosaigh Rooney ag fiosrú an stair idir an bheirt phríomhcharachtair an gearrscéal aici, ''At the Clinic''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/books/2018/09/sally-rooney-interview-normal-people-booker-prize-bbc-three-adaptation-conversations-with-friends|teideal=Sally Rooney on sex, power and the art of being normal|údar=|dáta=|language=en|work=www.newstatesman.com|dátarochtana=}}&lt;/ref&gt; I mí Iúil 2018, cuirtear ''Normal People'' ar fadliosta don bhliain sin le haghaidh an Duais Man Booker.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/gallery/2018/jul/24/man-booker-prize-2018-longlist-in-pictures|teideal=Man Booker prize 2018 longlist – in pictures|údar=|dáta=|dátarochtana=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ar an 27 Samhain 2018, bhuaigh sí Úrscéal Éireannach na Bliana ag Gradaim Leabhair na hÉireann&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.thejournal.ie/awards-winners-4362303-Nov2018/|teideal=Success for Lynn Ruane, Sally Rooney and Aislings everywhere at Irish Book Awards|údar=|dáta=|work=[[TheJournal.ie]]|dátarochtana=}}&lt;/ref&gt; agus bhí an t-úrscéal ainmnithe le haghaidh Leabhar na Bliana 2018 ag Waterstones.&lt;ref name=&quot;Waterstones&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-46372322|teideal=Love story Normal People is Waterstones' book of the year|údar=|dáta=|dátarochtana=}}&lt;/ref&gt; I mí Eanáir 2019, bhuaigh sé Gradam Leabhair Costa i gcatagóir na n-úrscéalta. Bhí sé ar an bhfadliosta le haghaidh Duais Dylan Thomas 2019 agus an Duais Ficsean na mBan 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.womensprizeforfiction.co.uk/reading-room/news/announcing-the-womens-prize-for-fiction-2019-longlist|teideal=Announcing the Women’s Prize 2019 Longlist|údar=|dáta=|work=Women's Prize for Fiction|dátarochtana=|archivedate=2021-02-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211205706/https://www.womensprizeforfiction.co.uk/reading-room/news/announcing-the-womens-prize-for-fiction-2019-longlist}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Leabharliosta ==

* Rooney, Sally (2017). Conversations with Friends. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 9780571333127.
* —— (2018). Normal People. Londain: Faber and Faber. ISBN 9780571334643.

=== Gearrfhicsean ===

* —— (2015). &quot;After Eleanor Left&quot;. ''Winter Pages, Iml. 1''. {{ISBN|9780993302909|}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/winter-pages-a-treasure-trove-of-soul-fuel-with-deep-roots-in-irish-soil-1.2451485|teideal=Winter Pages: a treasure trove of soul fuel with deep roots in Irish soil|údar=|dáta=|language=en|work=The Irish Times|dátarochtana=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* —— (2016). &quot;Concord 34&quot;. ''The Dublin Review, Uimh. 63'': Samhradh 2016. {{ISBN|9780992991579|}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://thedublinreview.com/article/concord-34/|teideal=Concord 34|údar=|dáta=|language=en-GB|work=The Dublin Review|dátarochtana=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* —— (2016). &quot;At the Clinic&quot;. ''The White Review, Uimh. 18'': Meán Fómhair 2016. {{ISBN|9780992756291|}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=http://www.thewhitereview.org/issue/issue-no-18/|teideal=Issue No. 18 - The White Review|údar=|dáta=|language=en-US|work=The White Review|dátarochtana=|archivedate=2020-01-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122171148/http://www.thewhitereview.org/issue/issue-no-18/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* —— (2017). &quot;Robbie Brady’s astonishing late goal takes its place in our personal histories&quot;. Foilsíodh ar shuíomh gréasáin an ''New Statesman'' é ar 12 Lúnasa 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/fiction/2017/08/robbie-brady-s-astonishing-late-goal-takes-its-place-our-personal-histories|teideal=“Robbie Brady’s astonishing late goal takes its place in our personal histories”: A new short story by Sally Rooney|údar=|dáta=|language=en-UK|work=New Statesman|dátarochtana=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* —— (2019). &quot;Mr Salary&quot;. London: Faber and Faber. {{ISBN|9780571351954}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.faber.co.uk/blog/faber-90th-anniversary/|teideal=Faber tells the story of 90 years of publishing|údar=|dáta=|language=en-US|work=Faber &amp; Faber Blog|dátarochtana=}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Foilsíodh ar dtús i ''Granta 135: New Irish Writing Fiction'' ar 19 Aibreán 2016.)&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://granta.com/mr-salary/|teideal=Mr. Salary|údar=|dáta=|language=en-UK|work=Granta Magazine|dátarochtana=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* —— (2019). &quot;Color and Light&quot;. ''The New Yorker'', 18 Márta 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/03/18/color-and-light|teideal=Color and Light|údar=|dáta=|dátarochtana=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Filíocht ===

* —— (2015). &quot;Have I Been Severe?&quot;. ''The Stinging Fly'' ''Eagrán 30, Imleabhar 2'': Earrach 2015. {{ISBN|9781906539443|}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://stingingfly.org/product/spring-2015/|teideal=Spring 2015|údar=|dáta=|language=en-UK|work=StingingFly.org|dátarochtana=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* —— (2015). &quot;Even If You Beat Me&quot;. ''The Dublin Review'' ''Eagrán 58'': Earrach 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://thedublinreview.com/article/even-if-you-beat-me//|teideal=Even if you beat me|údar=|dáta=|language=en-UK|work=thedublinreview.org|dátarochtana=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cóirithe teilifíse ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes
|-
|2020 || ''Normal People'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/eachtaint-chaolchuiseach-ar-sho-agus-ano-ghra-na-hoige-in-normal-people/|teideal=Éachtaint chaolchúiseach ar shó agus anó ghrá na hóige in ‘Normal People’|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2022-05-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;|| Scríbhneoir / léiritheoir feidhmiúcháin || 12 eipeasóid: [[Hulu]] &amp; [[BBC Three]]
|-
|2022 || ''Conversations with Friends'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://tuairisc.ie/ni-bhuaileann-an-tintreach-faoi-dho-le-conversations-with-friends/|teideal=Ní bhuaileann an tintreach faoi dhó le Conversations with Friends|language=ga-IE|work=Tuairisc.ie|dátarochtana=2022-05-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;|| Léiritheoir feidhmiúcháin ||  12 eipeasóid: Hulu &amp; BBC Three
|-
|}

== Léirmheastóireacht ==

=== Staidéar criticiúla agus athbhreithnithe ===

* {{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Collins|date=7 Eanáir 2019|title=Post and riposte : Sally Rooney's novels of love and late capitalism|journal=The New Yorker|volume=94|issue=43|pages=24–29|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/01/07/sally-rooney-gets-in-your-head|first=Lauren|accessdate=2019-04-05}}

* {{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Foster|date=29 Bealtaine 2019|title=The Post-Recession Literature We Needed|journal=Jacobin|url=https://jacobinmag.com/2019/05/sally-rooney-class-millennials-novels-normal-people|first=Dawn|accessdate=22 June 2019|volume=|issue=}}

== Dámhachtainí ==

* 2017 Sunday Times Scríbhneoir Óg na Bliana&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
* 2018 Irish Book Awards Úrscéal na Bliana: ''Normal People''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* 2018 Gradaim Leabhar Costa ''Normal People''&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.costa.co.uk/costa-book-awards/|teideal=Costa Book Awards|údar=|dáta=|work=www.costa.co.uk|dátarochtana=|archivedate=2021-05-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504083310/https://www.costa.co.uk/behind-the-beans/costa-book-awards/welcome}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Rooney, Sally}}
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1991]]
[[Catagóir:Alumni Choláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath]]
[[Catagóir:Scríbhneoirí Éireannacha]]</text>
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[[Baile]] in iarthar [[An Úcráin|na hÚcráine é]] '''Zolochiv''' ([[An Ghearmáinis|Gearmáinis]] : Solotschiw, [[An Pholainnis|Polainnis]] : Złoczów, [[An Rómáinis|Rómáinis]] : Zolociv) agus bhí sé mar chuid den Pholainn roimh [[1945|1945.]] Tá sé suite ag 147m os cionn na [[farraige]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín |url=http://population.mongabay.com/population/ukraine/686895/zolochiv |teideal=Mongabay |dátarochtana=2021-11-29 |archivedate=2016-03-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304202122/http://population.mongabay.com/population/ukraine/686895/zolochiv }}&lt;/ref&gt; in aice leis [[Abhainn|an abhainn]] Zolochivka, 91km ó Ghorodok, 63km ar shiúl ó Lviv, 87km ó Bhuchach agus 406km ó [[Cív|Chív]], príomhchathair na tíre.&lt;ref&gt;[http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/World_Distance_Calculator.asp Distance Calculator]&lt;/ref&gt; Taifeadadh an baile den chéad uair i [[1424]] agus fuair sé a chearta i [[1523]] . Tá daonra 23,900 sa chathair,&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín |url=http://stat6.stat.lviv.ua/PXWEB2007/ukr/publ/2011/chnas.zip |teideal=Державний комітет статистики України |dátarochtana=2021-11-29 |archivedate=2012-10-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010205321/http://stat6.stat.lviv.ua/PXWEB2007/ukr/publ/2011/chnas.zip }}&lt;/ref&gt; an 179ú baile is mó sa tír.&lt;ref&gt;[http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;des=wg&amp;geo=-4&amp;srt=pnan&amp;col=abcdefghinoq&amp;msz=1500&amp;geo=-220 Bailtean na Cruinne]{{Dead link|date=Deireadh Fómhair 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daoine suntasacha ==

* Abraham Schalit: ([[1898]] - [[1979]] ) Seanadóir na nGiúdach.
* Weegee: ([[1899]] - [[1968]] ) Grianghrafadóir.
* Marian Iwańciów: ([[1906]] - [[1971]] ) Léaráidí.
* Roald Hoffmann : ([[1937]] ), [[Ceimiceoir]] a bhuaigh [[Duais Nobel]] [[1981]] .
* Moyshe-Leyb Halpern: ([[1886]] - [[1932]] ): Scríbhneoir.

== Bailte nasctha leis ==

* [[Schöningen]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.schoeningen.de/ |teideal=Stadt Nordhausen |dátarochtana=2021-11-29 |archivedate=2014-01-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116183456/http://www.schoeningen.de/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naisc sheachtracha ==

* [http://www.loda.gov.ua/ Rialtas na Roinne] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513182530/http://www.loda.gov.ua/ |date=2016-05-13 }}
* [http://zolochiv.ridne.net/rda/index.htm Rialtas Dúiche] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327102627/http://zolochiv.ridne.net/rda/index.htm |date=2010-03-27 }}

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

{{Síol-tír-ua}}

[[Catagóir:Bailte san Úcráin]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Fearghas Ewing</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="2388" sha1="078bbwbf90k449o80d8vlrqa4jj4lak" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Is [[Polaitíocht|polaiteoir]] Albanach é '''Fergus Ewing''', BPA ( Béarla : ''Fergus Ewing'' ). &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160131135818/http://www.gov.scot/About/People/Ministers/Minister-Business-Energy-Tourism Riaghaltas na h-Alba]&lt;/ref&gt;

Is é an BhPA d'Inbhir Nis agus Inbhir Narann é; bhí sé ina bhall den Rialtas freisin mar [[Ministear airson Cumhachd, Iomairt agus Turasachd|Aire Fuinnimh, Fiontair agus Turasóireachta]] agus rinneadh Státrúnaí don Gheilleagar Tuaithe agus don Nascacht de tar éis thoghchán na hAlban 2016. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/gd/msps/29579.aspx Pàrlamaid na h-Alba]&lt;/ref&gt; Is ball é de [[Pàrtaidh Nàiseanta na h-Alba|Pháirtí Náisiúnta na hAlban]] . D'fhág sé an rialtas tar éis thoghchán 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.strathspey-herald.co.uk/news/fergus-ewing-says-it-has-been-privilege-to-serve-in-departur-238864/|teideal=Fergus Ewing says it has been privilege to serve in departure letter to First Minister|ainm=Gavin|sloinne=Musgrove|dáta=19 Meitheamh 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Vótáil sé i gcoinne an Rialtais i '''rún mímhuiníne''' i Lorna Slater, an tAire Uaineach i mí an Mheithimh 2023. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/naidheachdan/sgeulachdan/cx9p0g1q2w8o|teideal=Naidheachdan|foilsitheoir=[[BBC]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mar gheall air seo, dhíbir feisirí de Pharlaimint na hAlban é as grúpa parlaiminte an PNA ar feadh seachtaine. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2023/sep/27/veteran-msp-fergus-ewing-suspended-from-snp-over-rebellions|teideal=Veteran MSP Fergus Ewing suspended from SNP over rebellions|dáta= 17 Meán Fómhair 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí sé pósta ar Margaret Ewing, BPA, a fuair bás den [[ailse]] i [[2006]] agus is mac é le Winnie Ewing freisin. Is í a dheirfiúr, Annabelle Ewing, an BPA do Chowdenbeath agus bhí sí ina haire freisin.

== Naisc sheachtracha ==

* [http://www.fergusewing.com/ leathanach oifigiúil]{{Dead link|date=Iúil 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.theyworkforyou.com/msp/13980/fergus_ewing Oibríonn siad Duit]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Síol-gd}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ewing, Fearghas}}
[[Catagóir:Comhalta de Pharlaimint na hAlban]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1957]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]
[[Catagóir:Fir]]
[[Catagóir:Páirtí Náisiúnta na hAlban]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann</title>
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      <comment>/* Lochanna fionnuisce */</comment>
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      <text bytes="27406" sha1="idzkeidypm30c4x1tje2a89ov3pqnhh" xml:space="preserve">Seo a leanas liosta lochanna ar oileán [[Éire|na hÉireann]], i dteannta le tábla desna cinn is mó. 

De réir [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)|Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil]] (GCC), tá tuairim is 12,000 loch i b[[Poblacht na hÉireann]], le hachar níos mó ná 1,200 ciliméadar cearnach.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/waterqua/Water%20Quality%20in%20Ireland%202010-2015.pdf Water Quality in Ireland 2010–2015], cuid 3.1, lth. 27. GCC, 2017. {{ISBN|978-1-84095-735-8}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Is é [[Loch nEathach]] i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann]] an loch is mó de réir achair.  Is é [[Loch Coirib]] an dara is mó, agus an ceann is mó sa Phoblacht.  Is é Loch nEathach fosta an loch is mó de réir toirte.  Is é [[Loch Measca]] an ceann is mó sa Phoblacht.

== Lochanna is mó ==
Is iad a leanas na lochanna fionnuisce is mó na hÉireann:&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.osi.ie/Education/Primary-Schools/Seniors/Mountains,-Rivers-Lakes-(1).aspx Mountains, Rivers and Lakes], [[Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fishinginireland.info/trout/shannon/derg.htm Lough Derg], Fishing in Ireland&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ecn.ac.uk/sites/site/lakes/lough-erne Lough Erne], UK Environmental Change Network&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Ord&lt;br /&gt;de&amp;nbsp;réir&lt;br /&gt;achair !! Loch !! Achar&lt;br /&gt;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; !! Meán-&lt;br /&gt;domhain&lt;br /&gt;m !! Uas-&lt;br /&gt;domhain&lt;br /&gt;m !! Toirt&lt;br /&gt;×10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; !! Imeall-&lt;br /&gt;bhord&lt;br /&gt;km &lt;ref&gt;Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann ''Generalised Rivers &amp; Lakes''&lt;/ref&gt; !! Contaetha
|-
| 1 || [[Loch nEathach]] || 396 || 9.0  || 25 || 3,528 || 186 || [[Contae Aontroma|Aontroim]], [[Contae an Dúin|An Dún]], [[Contae Ard Mhacha|Atá Mhacha]], [[Contae Thír Eoghain|Tír Eoghan]], [[Contae Dhoire|Doire]]
|-
| 2 || [[Loch Coirib]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://invasivespeciesireland.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Case_Study_2_Lagarosiphon_major_Lough_Corrib.pdf Lagarosiphon major] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116012755/http://invasivespeciesireland.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Case_Study_2_Lagarosiphon_major_Lough_Corrib.pdf |date=2020-11-16 }} – An Aggressive Invasive Species in Lough Corrib&lt;/ref&gt; || 176 || 6.5 || 50.9 || 1,158 || 392 || [[Contae na Gaillimhe|Gaillimh]], [[Contae Mhaigh Eo|Mhaigh Eo]]
|-
| 3 || [[Loch Deirgeirt]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-22&amp;RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B World Lake Database] {{webarchive
|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621232653/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-22&amp;RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B 
|date=2015-06-21
}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 130 || 7.6 || 36 || 988 || 229 || [[Contae Thiobraid Árann|Tiobraid Árann]], [[Contae an Chláir|An Clár]], Gaillimh
|-
| 4 || [[Loch Éirne]] Íochtarach&lt;ref&gt;Heavily Modified Water Bodies – North Western River Basin District P.31 {{lua idirlín 
| url = http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf 
| teideal=Archived copy 
| dátarochtana=2014-10-25 
| url-status=dead 
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141025024015/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf 
| archive-date=2014-10-25
}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 109 || 11.9 || 69 || 1,300 || 270 || [[Contae Fhear Manach|Fear Manach]]
|-
| 5 || [[Loch Rí]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-21&amp;RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B World Lake Database] {{webarchive
|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621171638/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-21&amp;RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B 
|date=2015-06-21
}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 105 || 6.2 || 35 || 651 || 192 || [[Contae Ros Comáin|Ros Comáin]], [[Contae an Longfoirt|Longfort]], [[Contae na hIarmhí|An Iarmhí]]
|-
| 6 || [[Loch Measca]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.epa.ie/licences/lic_eDMS/090151b28039ad8b.pdf P.8], [[Comhairle Contae Mhaigh Eo]]&lt;/ref&gt; || 83 || 15.0 || 58 || 1,300&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.epa.ie/licences/lic_eDMS/090151b28039ad8b.pdf P.12], CCME&lt;/ref&gt; || 192 || Maigh Eo, Gaillimh
|-
| 7 || [[Loch Con]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The trophic status of Lough Conn&quot; P.7, CCME&lt;/ref&gt; || 50 || 7.0 || 34 || 350 || 108 || Maigh Eo
|-
| 8 || [[Loch Aillionn]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf P158] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417030217/http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf |date=2016-04-17 }}, [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)|Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil]]&lt;/ref&gt; || 35 || 10.9 || 42.7 || 391 || 53 || [[Contae Liatroma|Liatroim]], Ros Comáin
|-
| 9 || [[Loch Éirne]] Uachtarach&lt;ref&gt;Heavily Modified Water Bodies – North Western River Basin District P.29 {{lua idirlín 
| url = http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf 
| teideal=Archived copy 
| dátarochtana=2014-10-25 
| url-status=dead 
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141025024015/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf 
| archive-date=2014-10-25
}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 34 || 2.3 || 27 || 79 || 255 || Fear Manach 
|-
| 10 || [[Loch Meilbhe]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf P159] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417030217/http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf |date=2016-04-17 }}, CCG&lt;/ref&gt; || 23 || 7.8 || 44 || 175 || 54 || Fear Manach, Liatroim
|-
| 11 || [[Loch Léin]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nsshare.com/publications/documents/Ecological%20Classification%20Tools/Hydromorphology%20Rivers_Lakes%20T1%20-%20A7/Lakes/Lake%20Hydromorphology%20Part%201%20Review%20of%20Existing%20Bathymetric%20Information%20for%20Lakes%20T1%20(A7b.1)%20–%201.0.pdf P.15], North South Shared Aquatic Resource (NS Share){{Dead link
| date=March 2020 
| bot=InternetArchiveBot 
| fix-attempted=yes
}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 20 || 13.4 || 60 || 269 || 51 || [[Contae Chiarraí|Ciarraí]]
|-
| 12 || [[Poll an Phúca (taiscumar)|Poll an Phúca]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nsshare.com/publications/documents/Ecological%20Classification%20Tools/Hydromorphology%20Rivers_Lakes%20T1%20-%20A7/Lakes/Lake%20Hydromorphology%20Part%201%20Review%20of%20Existing%20Bathymetric%20Information%20for%20Lakes%20T1%20(A7b.1)%20–%201.0.pdf P.16],  North South Shared Aquatic Resource (NS Share){{Dead link
| date=March 2020 
| bot=InternetArchiveBot 
| fix-attempted=yes
}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 20 || 6.8 || || 135 || 64 || [[Contae Chill Mhantáin|Cill Mhantáin]]
|-
| 13 || [[Loch Síleann]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Sheelin_report1.pdf P.3], Sampling fish for the Water Framework Directive&lt;/ref&gt; || 19 || 4.4 || 15 || 83.6 || 36 || An Iarmhí, [[Contae an Chabháin|An Cabhán]], [[Contae na Mí|An Mhí]]
|-
| 14 || [[Loch Ceara]] || 16 || 1.8 || 18 || 28.8 || 75 || Maigh Eo 
|}
Nóta: Toirt = Achar * Meándomhain

Is é [[Loch Mhucrois]], i [[Lochanna Chill Áirne]], an loch Éireannach is doimhne, le huasdomhain 75 m aige.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm Lakes of Killarney], Glen Fia&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna fionnuisce ==
Níl ann sa liosta a leanas ach lochanna atá tábhachtach ó thaobh tíreolaíochta, geolaíochta nó staire de.  Cuirtear ann fosta na contaetha agus achair.  Tógadh lochanna na Poblachta go formhór as an tuairisc ''A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes'' leis an [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)|nGníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil]].&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{lua idirlín  | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf | teideal = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | dáta = 2006 | leathanaigh = 10–13 | foilsitheoir = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | dátarochtana = 14ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Íomhá:Lough Bunny, to the northern side of Mullach Mor - geograph.org.uk - 67168.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Buinne]] sa [[an Bhoirinn|Bhoirinn]]]]

[[Íomhá:Fishing Boats on Inchiquin, Lough Corrib.jpg|thumb|right|Báid iascaireachta ar [[Inis Mhic Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Coirib]]]]

[[Íomhá:LoughCullin2.JPG|thumb|[[Loch Cuilinn]] faoi [[Néifinn]]]]

[[Íomhá:Lough Dan looking north May 2015 01.JPG|thumb|[[Loch Deán]]]]

[[Íomhá:Loughdergdonegal.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Dearg]] agus ''Station Island'']]

[[Íomhá:Knockeyon 07.jpg|thumb|right|[[Loch Dairbhreach]] agus [[Cnoic Eoghain]]]]

[[Íomhá:Derryclare Lough - geograph.org.uk - 540873.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]]]]

[[Íomhá:DooLough Pass Road - BenCreggan - Delphi Pass.JPG|thumb|[[Dúloch, Contae Mhaigh Eo (Muraisc)|Dúloch]], Maigh Eo agus Delphi]]

[[Íomhá:Glanmore Lake - geograph.org.uk - 155097.jpg|thumb|[[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]]]]

[[Íomhá:Loch an Ghleanna Bhig (Glenbeg Lough) - geograph.org.uk - 263779.jpg|thumb|[[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]]]]

[[Íomhá:Glencar Lough and Benbulbin.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]]]

[[Íomhá:LoughGur 2002.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Goir]]]]

[[Íomhá:View north west across Lough Inagh towards the Twelve Bens - geograph.org.uk - 199770.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Eidhneach]] agus na [[Beanna Beola]]]]

[[Íomhá:Lough Key Forest Park 2010 052.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Cé]] agus [[Carraig Locha Cé]]]]

[[Íomhá:Kylemore lough - Diamond Hill.JPG|thumb|[[Loch na Coille Móire]] agus [[Binn Ghuaire]]]]

[[Íomhá:NunsTurgesius Castle isles Lough Lene.JPG|thumb|right|[[Loch Léinn]] agus [[Inis Turgesius]]]]

[[Íomhá:Inishee Island, Lough Macnean Lower - geograph.org.uk - 984290.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair]] agus ''Inishee Island'']]

[[Íomhá:Maumeen Lough and the Twelve Bens - geograph.org.uk - 608201.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Mháimín]] agus na Beanna Beola]]

[[Íomhá:Lough Tay Panorama.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Té]] agus [[Sléibhte Chill Mhantáin]]]]

[[Íomhá:IE Lough Veagh 01.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Ghleann Bheatha]] i nGleann Bheatha]]

[[Íomhá:Killykeen Lough Oughter-1.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Uachtair]] ag [[Coillidh Chaoin]]]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Loch !! Contae !! Achar km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; !! Achar sq&amp;nbsp;mi 
|-
| [[Loch an Chuais]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.66|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Leaca Mór]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Leamhnachta]] || An Clár and Gaillimh || {{convert|0.55|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Aillionn]] || Liatroim || {{convert|33.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Locha Lua]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|1.36|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Easaird]] || Gaillimh|| {{convert|0.87|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.53|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.59|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch na nArd-doiriú]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.81|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Arbhach]] || Sligeach, Ros Comáin || {{convert|12.47|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an tSéideáin]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.38|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Tóraic]] || An Clár || {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Eachros Beag]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.74|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bhaile an tSagairt]] || Tír Eoghain || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|-
| [[An Loch Bán]] || An Mhí, An Iarmhí || {{convert|0.75|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Beara]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.63|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[An Loch Beag]] || Doire, Aontroim || {{convert|4.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)|Claonloch]] (Droim Dhá Thiar) || Liatroim || {{convert|1.01|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bhéal Trá]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|4.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bó Dearg]] || Ros Comáin, Liatroim || {{convert|5.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bó Finne, Contae na Gaillimhe|Loch Bó Finne]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.92|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bó Finne]] || Liatroim, Ros Comáin || {{convert|2.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Loch Breaclaigh]]'' || An Cabhán || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Buinne]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.03|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Camloch]] || Ard Mhacha || {{convert|0.72|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Cárthaí]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|4.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Ceara]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|15.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|5.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Carraig an Phoirt]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.46|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch na Ceathrún Móire]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|9.3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.21|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.64|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Clea Lake]]'' || Ard Mhacha || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|-
| ''[[Cloonacleigha Lough]]'' || Sligeach || {{convert|0.62|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Cloonagh Lough]]'' || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.71|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|1.28|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Locha Chluain Í]] Lár || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.71|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Con]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|48.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Conbhuí]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Coirib]] || Gaillimh, Maigh Eo || {{convert|172.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch na gCurrach]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Chrathaí]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Raithin]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.11|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Collán]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.55|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Cuilinn]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|10.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Luíoch]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|10.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Cútra]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|3.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Deán]] || Cill Mhantáin || {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[An Loch Uachtair]] || Cill Mhantáin || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|-
| [[Loch Deirgeirt]] || An Clár, Gaillimh, Tiobraid Árann || {{convert|122.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Dearg]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|8.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Dairbhreach]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|9.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|2.24|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Dúlocha]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Dúloch, Contae Mhaigh Eo (Muraisc)|Dúloch]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.55|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.49|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Drumaleague Lough]]'' || Liatroim || {{convert|0.05|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Dhoirinse]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.70|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Éadaoine]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|2.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Dhún Lúiche]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Iascaí]] || Sligeach || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Éigis]] || Muineachán || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Eanach]] || Corcaigh || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|-
| [[Loch Ainninn]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|11.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Éirne]] Íochtair || Fear Manach || {{convert|109|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Éirne]] Uachtair || Fear Manach || {{convert|34|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Eirid]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.82|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Iascaigh]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|3.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Fí]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.74|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Fíoch]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Fearna]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.81|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Finne]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Foirbis]] || Longfort || {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Fuinseann]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|3.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch na Foirnéise]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Uí Ghadhra]] || Sligeach || {{convert|12.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Fionnmhaí]] || Liatroim || {{convert|3.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Gartáin]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|2.05|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Gile (Sligeach agus Liatroim)|Loch Gile]] || Sligeach, Liatroim || {{convert|13.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Gile (Contae Chiarraí)|Loch Gile]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|1.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.57|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Ghleanna]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.68|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Ghleann Éada]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|0.66|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]] || Liatroim, Sligeach || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.83|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Gabhlach]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Gamhna]] || An Cabhán, Longfort || {{convert|4.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Gréine]] || An Clár || {{convert|3.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Coiteáin]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|2.46|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Lough Gullion]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/protected_areas_home/new_assi_landing_page/county_armagh-2/lough_gullion_assi.htm |teideal=Northern Ireland Environment Agency |dátarochtana=2025-06-19 |archivedate=2015-10-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002124238/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/protected_areas_home/new_assi_landing_page/county_armagh-2/lough_gullion_assi.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt; || Ard Mhacha || {{convert|1.3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Goir]] || Luimneach || {{convert|0.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Eidhneach]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|3.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.08|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.77|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Inis Cara]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|4.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Oileáin]] || An Dún || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|-
| [[Loch Iarainn]] || An Iarmhí || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|-
| ''[[Lough Island Reavy]]'' || An Dún || {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.39|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.39|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Cé]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|8.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Chill Ghlais]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|2.02|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Choill an Iúir]]  || An Iarmhí || {{convert|2.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'' || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.43|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Cinnéile]] || Longforf, An Iarmhí, Cabhán || {{convert|1.95|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Chionn Droma]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch na Coille Móire]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.32|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Tóchair]] || Loch Garman || {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Léinn]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|19.78|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Léin]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|4.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.82|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.23|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' || An Clár || {{convert|0.84|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Macnean_Upper_report_2010.pdf Inland Fisheries of Ireland: Sampling Fish (Page 2)]&lt;/ref&gt; || Fear Manach || {{convert|4.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Macnean_Upper_report_2010.pdf Inland Fisheries of Ireland: Sampling Fish (Page 2)]&lt;/ref&gt; || Fear Manach, An Cabhán, Liatroim || {{convert|10|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Marbh]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Measca]] || Maigh Eo, Gaillimh || {{convert|83.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Mháimín]] || Gaillimh|| {{convert|0.56|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Mám Aodha]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.28|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Míle]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.57|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Míolach]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.16|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Meilbhe]] || Fear Manach, Liatroim || {{convert|22.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Moirne]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.67|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Mhuiceanach]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.96|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Mucnú]] || Muineachán || {{convert|3.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Mhucrois]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|2.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|2.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch na Fuaiche]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|2.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch nEathach]] || Aontroim, An Dún, Ard Mhacha, Tír Eoghain, Doire || {{convert|396|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.37|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Uachtair]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|6.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Uail]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|10.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Poll an Phúca (taiscumar)|Poll an Phúca]] || Cill Mhantáin || {{convert|19.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Phoirt Mhóir]] || Aontroim || {{convert|2.86|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Ramhar]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|7.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Riach]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Rí]] || An Iarmhí, Longfort, Ros Comáin || {{convert|106.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)|Claonloch]] (Maothail)|| Liatroim || {{convert|1.65|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Rois]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Scoir]] || Liatroim || {{convert|1.14|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Síleann]] || An Cabhán, An Mhí, An Iarmhí || {{convert|18.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Siabhair]] || An Iarmhí || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|-
| [[Loch Sindile]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Saileán]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|1.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Lough Skean]]'' || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.14|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Eoin]] || Liatroim || {{convert|1.46|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Sáile]] || Loch Garman || {{convert|3.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Tailt]] || Sligeach || {{convert|1.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Té]] || Cill Mhantáin || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Theach an Teampla]] || Sligeach || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[An Loch Uachtarach]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Upper Lough Skeagh]]'' || An Cabhán || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Urlaur Lough]]'' || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.15|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Ghleann Bheatha]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|2.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[White Lough]]'' || Muineachán || {{convert|0.54|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Gaineamháin agus Loch na mBreac Dearg]] || Ciarraí || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|}

== Lochanna goirte ==
* [[Loch Tóchair]], Loch Garman

== Turlacha ==
{{príomhalt|Turlach}}
* ''[[Loughareema]]'', Aontroim
* ''[[Glenamaddy Turlough]]'', Gaillimh
* [[Loch an Leathbhaile]], Gaillimh
* [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], Gaillimh
* [[Log na Sionna]], Cabháin

== Taiscumair ==
* [[Poll an Phúca (taiscumar)|Poll an Phúca]], Chill Mhantáin
* ''[[Silent Valley Reservoir]]'', An Dún
* [[Taiscumar Speilgeach]], An Dún
* [[Taiscumar Fheartraí]], Cill Mhantáin 

== Lochanna farraige ==
* [[Loch Lao]], Aontroim agus An Dún
* [[Loch Cuan]], An Dúin
* [[Loch Feabhail]], Dún na nGall agus Doire
* [[Cuan na Gaillimhe]] nó Loch Lurgain, Gaillimh
* [[Loch Oighinn]], Corcaigh
* [[Loch Latharna]], Aontroim
* [[Loch Machan]], Corcaigh
* [[Inbhear na Sionainne]], An Mhumha
* [[Cuan Thrá Lí]] nó Loch Foirdhreamhain, Ciarraí
* [[Cuan Phort Láirge]] nó Loch Dá Chaoch, Port Láirge 
* [[Cuan Loch Garman]], Loch Garman

== Fiordanna ==
* [[Loch Cairlinn]], Lú agus An Dún
* [[Loch Súilí]], Dún na nGall 
* [[An Caoláire Rua]], Maigh Eo agus Gaillimh

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Aibhneacha na hÉireann]]
* [[Liosta Aibhneacha na hÉireann]]
* [[Tomhaidhm]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann| ]]</text>
      <sha1>idzkeidypm30c4x1tje2a89ov3pqnhh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1272778</id>
      <parentid>1272777</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-05T17:43:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ériugena</username>
        <id>188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Lochanna fionnuisce */</comment>
      <origin>1272778</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="27406" sha1="23t6m39k40qg0o1f4crz1jj720ivvqg" xml:space="preserve">Seo a leanas liosta lochanna ar oileán [[Éire|na hÉireann]], i dteannta le tábla desna cinn is mó. 

De réir [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)|Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil]] (GCC), tá tuairim is 12,000 loch i b[[Poblacht na hÉireann]], le hachar níos mó ná 1,200 ciliméadar cearnach.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/waterqua/Water%20Quality%20in%20Ireland%202010-2015.pdf Water Quality in Ireland 2010–2015], cuid 3.1, lth. 27. GCC, 2017. {{ISBN|978-1-84095-735-8}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Is é [[Loch nEathach]] i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann]] an loch is mó de réir achair.  Is é [[Loch Coirib]] an dara is mó, agus an ceann is mó sa Phoblacht.  Is é Loch nEathach fosta an loch is mó de réir toirte.  Is é [[Loch Measca]] an ceann is mó sa Phoblacht.

== Lochanna is mó ==
Is iad a leanas na lochanna fionnuisce is mó na hÉireann:&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.osi.ie/Education/Primary-Schools/Seniors/Mountains,-Rivers-Lakes-(1).aspx Mountains, Rivers and Lakes], [[Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fishinginireland.info/trout/shannon/derg.htm Lough Derg], Fishing in Ireland&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ecn.ac.uk/sites/site/lakes/lough-erne Lough Erne], UK Environmental Change Network&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Ord&lt;br /&gt;de&amp;nbsp;réir&lt;br /&gt;achair !! Loch !! Achar&lt;br /&gt;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; !! Meán-&lt;br /&gt;domhain&lt;br /&gt;m !! Uas-&lt;br /&gt;domhain&lt;br /&gt;m !! Toirt&lt;br /&gt;×10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; !! Imeall-&lt;br /&gt;bhord&lt;br /&gt;km &lt;ref&gt;Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann ''Generalised Rivers &amp; Lakes''&lt;/ref&gt; !! Contaetha
|-
| 1 || [[Loch nEathach]] || 396 || 9.0  || 25 || 3,528 || 186 || [[Contae Aontroma|Aontroim]], [[Contae an Dúin|An Dún]], [[Contae Ard Mhacha|Atá Mhacha]], [[Contae Thír Eoghain|Tír Eoghan]], [[Contae Dhoire|Doire]]
|-
| 2 || [[Loch Coirib]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://invasivespeciesireland.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Case_Study_2_Lagarosiphon_major_Lough_Corrib.pdf Lagarosiphon major] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116012755/http://invasivespeciesireland.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Case_Study_2_Lagarosiphon_major_Lough_Corrib.pdf |date=2020-11-16 }} – An Aggressive Invasive Species in Lough Corrib&lt;/ref&gt; || 176 || 6.5 || 50.9 || 1,158 || 392 || [[Contae na Gaillimhe|Gaillimh]], [[Contae Mhaigh Eo|Mhaigh Eo]]
|-
| 3 || [[Loch Deirgeirt]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-22&amp;RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B World Lake Database] {{webarchive
|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621232653/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-22&amp;RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B 
|date=2015-06-21
}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 130 || 7.6 || 36 || 988 || 229 || [[Contae Thiobraid Árann|Tiobraid Árann]], [[Contae an Chláir|An Clár]], Gaillimh
|-
| 4 || [[Loch Éirne]] Íochtarach&lt;ref&gt;Heavily Modified Water Bodies – North Western River Basin District P.31 {{lua idirlín 
| url = http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf 
| teideal=Archived copy 
| dátarochtana=2014-10-25 
| url-status=dead 
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141025024015/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf 
| archive-date=2014-10-25
}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 109 || 11.9 || 69 || 1,300 || 270 || [[Contae Fhear Manach|Fear Manach]]
|-
| 5 || [[Loch Rí]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-21&amp;RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B World Lake Database] {{webarchive
|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621171638/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-21&amp;RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B 
|date=2015-06-21
}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 105 || 6.2 || 35 || 651 || 192 || [[Contae Ros Comáin|Ros Comáin]], [[Contae an Longfoirt|Longfort]], [[Contae na hIarmhí|An Iarmhí]]
|-
| 6 || [[Loch Measca]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.epa.ie/licences/lic_eDMS/090151b28039ad8b.pdf P.8], [[Comhairle Contae Mhaigh Eo]]&lt;/ref&gt; || 83 || 15.0 || 58 || 1,300&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.epa.ie/licences/lic_eDMS/090151b28039ad8b.pdf P.12], CCME&lt;/ref&gt; || 192 || Maigh Eo, Gaillimh
|-
| 7 || [[Loch Con]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The trophic status of Lough Conn&quot; P.7, CCME&lt;/ref&gt; || 50 || 7.0 || 34 || 350 || 108 || Maigh Eo
|-
| 8 || [[Loch Aillionn]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf P158] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417030217/http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf |date=2016-04-17 }}, [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)|Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil]]&lt;/ref&gt; || 35 || 10.9 || 42.7 || 391 || 53 || [[Contae Liatroma|Liatroim]], Ros Comáin
|-
| 9 || [[Loch Éirne]] Uachtarach&lt;ref&gt;Heavily Modified Water Bodies – North Western River Basin District P.29 {{lua idirlín 
| url = http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf 
| teideal=Archived copy 
| dátarochtana=2014-10-25 
| url-status=dead 
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141025024015/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf 
| archive-date=2014-10-25
}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 34 || 2.3 || 27 || 79 || 255 || Fear Manach 
|-
| 10 || [[Loch Meilbhe]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf P159] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417030217/http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf |date=2016-04-17 }}, CCG&lt;/ref&gt; || 23 || 7.8 || 44 || 175 || 54 || Fear Manach, Liatroim
|-
| 11 || [[Loch Léin]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nsshare.com/publications/documents/Ecological%20Classification%20Tools/Hydromorphology%20Rivers_Lakes%20T1%20-%20A7/Lakes/Lake%20Hydromorphology%20Part%201%20Review%20of%20Existing%20Bathymetric%20Information%20for%20Lakes%20T1%20(A7b.1)%20–%201.0.pdf P.15], North South Shared Aquatic Resource (NS Share){{Dead link
| date=March 2020 
| bot=InternetArchiveBot 
| fix-attempted=yes
}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 20 || 13.4 || 60 || 269 || 51 || [[Contae Chiarraí|Ciarraí]]
|-
| 12 || [[Poll an Phúca (taiscumar)|Poll an Phúca]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nsshare.com/publications/documents/Ecological%20Classification%20Tools/Hydromorphology%20Rivers_Lakes%20T1%20-%20A7/Lakes/Lake%20Hydromorphology%20Part%201%20Review%20of%20Existing%20Bathymetric%20Information%20for%20Lakes%20T1%20(A7b.1)%20–%201.0.pdf P.16],  North South Shared Aquatic Resource (NS Share){{Dead link
| date=March 2020 
| bot=InternetArchiveBot 
| fix-attempted=yes
}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 20 || 6.8 || || 135 || 64 || [[Contae Chill Mhantáin|Cill Mhantáin]]
|-
| 13 || [[Loch Síleann]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Sheelin_report1.pdf P.3], Sampling fish for the Water Framework Directive&lt;/ref&gt; || 19 || 4.4 || 15 || 83.6 || 36 || An Iarmhí, [[Contae an Chabháin|An Cabhán]], [[Contae na Mí|An Mhí]]
|-
| 14 || [[Loch Ceara]] || 16 || 1.8 || 18 || 28.8 || 75 || Maigh Eo 
|}
Nóta: Toirt = Achar * Meándomhain

Is é [[Loch Mhucrois]], i [[Lochanna Chill Áirne]], an loch Éireannach is doimhne, le huasdomhain 75 m aige.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm Lakes of Killarney], Glen Fia&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna fionnuisce ==
Níl ann sa liosta a leanas ach lochanna atá tábhachtach ó thaobh tíreolaíochta, geolaíochta nó staire de.  Cuirtear ann fosta na contaetha agus achair.  Tógadh lochanna na Poblachta go formhór as an tuairisc ''A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes'' leis an [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)|nGníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil]].&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{lua idirlín  | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf | teideal = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | dáta = 2006 | leathanaigh = 10–13 | foilsitheoir = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | dátarochtana = 14ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Íomhá:Lough Bunny, to the northern side of Mullach Mor - geograph.org.uk - 67168.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Buinne]] sa [[an Bhoirinn|Bhoirinn]]]]

[[Íomhá:Fishing Boats on Inchiquin, Lough Corrib.jpg|thumb|right|Báid iascaireachta ar [[Inis Mhic Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Coirib]]]]

[[Íomhá:LoughCullin2.JPG|thumb|[[Loch Cuilinn]] faoi [[Néifinn]]]]

[[Íomhá:Lough Dan looking north May 2015 01.JPG|thumb|[[Loch Deán]]]]

[[Íomhá:Loughdergdonegal.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Dearg]] agus ''Station Island'']]

[[Íomhá:Knockeyon 07.jpg|thumb|right|[[Loch Dairbhreach]] agus [[Cnoic Eoghain]]]]

[[Íomhá:Derryclare Lough - geograph.org.uk - 540873.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]]]]

[[Íomhá:DooLough Pass Road - BenCreggan - Delphi Pass.JPG|thumb|[[Dúloch, Contae Mhaigh Eo (Muraisc)|Dúloch]], Maigh Eo agus Delphi]]

[[Íomhá:Glanmore Lake - geograph.org.uk - 155097.jpg|thumb|[[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]]]]

[[Íomhá:Loch an Ghleanna Bhig (Glenbeg Lough) - geograph.org.uk - 263779.jpg|thumb|[[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]]]]

[[Íomhá:Glencar Lough and Benbulbin.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]]]

[[Íomhá:LoughGur 2002.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Goir]]]]

[[Íomhá:View north west across Lough Inagh towards the Twelve Bens - geograph.org.uk - 199770.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Eidhneach]] agus na [[Beanna Beola]]]]

[[Íomhá:Lough Key Forest Park 2010 052.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Cé]] agus [[Carraig Locha Cé]]]]

[[Íomhá:Kylemore lough - Diamond Hill.JPG|thumb|[[Loch na Coille Móire]] agus [[Binn Ghuaire]]]]

[[Íomhá:NunsTurgesius Castle isles Lough Lene.JPG|thumb|right|[[Loch Léinn]] agus [[Inis Turgesius]]]]

[[Íomhá:Inishee Island, Lough Macnean Lower - geograph.org.uk - 984290.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair]] agus ''Inishee Island'']]

[[Íomhá:Maumeen Lough and the Twelve Bens - geograph.org.uk - 608201.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Mháimín]] agus na Beanna Beola]]

[[Íomhá:Lough Tay Panorama.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Té]] agus [[Sléibhte Chill Mhantáin]]]]

[[Íomhá:IE Lough Veagh 01.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Ghleann Bheatha]] i nGleann Bheatha]]

[[Íomhá:Killykeen Lough Oughter-1.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Uachtair]] ag [[Coillidh Chaoin]]]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Loch !! Contae !! Achar km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; !! Achar sq&amp;nbsp;mi 
|-
| [[Loch an Chuais]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.66|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Leaca Mór]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Leamhnachta]] || An Clár and Gaillimh || {{convert|0.55|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Aillionn]] || Liatroim || {{convert|33.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Locha Lua]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|1.36|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Easaird]] || Gaillimh|| {{convert|0.87|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.53|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.59|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch na nArd-doiriú]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.81|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Arbhach]] || '''Sligeach, Ros Comáin'''|| {{convert|12.47|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an tSéideáin]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.38|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Tóraic]] || An Clár || {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Eachros Beag]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.74|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bhaile an tSagairt]] || Tír Eoghain || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|-
| [[An Loch Bán]] || An Mhí, An Iarmhí || {{convert|0.75|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Beara]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.63|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[An Loch Beag]] || Doire, Aontroim || {{convert|4.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)|Claonloch]] (Droim Dhá Thiar) || Liatroim || {{convert|1.01|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bhéal Trá]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|4.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bó Dearg]] || Ros Comáin, Liatroim || {{convert|5.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bó Finne, Contae na Gaillimhe|Loch Bó Finne]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.92|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bó Finne]] || Liatroim, Ros Comáin || {{convert|2.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Breaclaigh]]|| An Cabhán || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Buinne]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.03|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Camloch]] || Ard Mhacha || {{convert|0.72|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Cárthaí]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|4.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Ceara]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|15.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|5.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Carraig an Phoirt]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.46|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch na Ceathrún Móire]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|9.3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.21|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.64|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Clea Lake]]'' || Ard Mhacha || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|-
| ''[[Cloonacleigha Lough]]'' || Sligeach || {{convert|0.62|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Cloonagh Lough]]'' || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.71|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|1.28|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Locha Chluain Í]] Lár || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.71|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Con]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|48.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Conbhuí]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Coirib]] || Gaillimh, Maigh Eo || {{convert|172.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch na gCurrach]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Chrathaí]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Raithin]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.11|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Collán]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.55|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Cuilinn]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|10.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Luíoch]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|10.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Cútra]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|3.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Deán]] || Cill Mhantáin || {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[An Loch Uachtair]] || Cill Mhantáin || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|-
| [[Loch Deirgeirt]] || An Clár, Gaillimh, Tiobraid Árann || {{convert|122.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Dearg]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|8.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Dairbhreach]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|9.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|2.24|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Dúlocha]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Dúloch, Contae Mhaigh Eo (Muraisc)|Dúloch]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.55|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.49|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Drumaleague Lough]]'' || Liatroim || {{convert|0.05|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Dhoirinse]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.70|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Éadaoine]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|2.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Dhún Lúiche]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Iascaí]] || Sligeach || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Éigis]] || Muineachán || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Eanach]] || Corcaigh || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|-
| [[Loch Ainninn]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|11.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Éirne]] Íochtair || Fear Manach || {{convert|109|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Éirne]] Uachtair || Fear Manach || {{convert|34|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Eirid]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.82|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Iascaigh]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|3.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Fí]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.74|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Fíoch]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Fearna]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.81|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Finne]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Foirbis]] || Longfort || {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Fuinseann]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|3.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch na Foirnéise]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Uí Ghadhra]] || Sligeach || {{convert|12.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Fionnmhaí]] || Liatroim || {{convert|3.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Gartáin]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|2.05|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Gile (Sligeach agus Liatroim)|Loch Gile]] || Sligeach, Liatroim || {{convert|13.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Gile (Contae Chiarraí)|Loch Gile]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|1.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.57|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Ghleanna]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.68|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Ghleann Éada]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|0.66|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]] || Liatroim, Sligeach || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.83|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Gabhlach]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Gamhna]] || An Cabhán, Longfort || {{convert|4.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Gréine]] || An Clár || {{convert|3.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Coiteáin]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|2.46|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Lough Gullion]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/protected_areas_home/new_assi_landing_page/county_armagh-2/lough_gullion_assi.htm |teideal=Northern Ireland Environment Agency |dátarochtana=2025-06-19 |archivedate=2015-10-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002124238/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/protected_areas_home/new_assi_landing_page/county_armagh-2/lough_gullion_assi.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt; || Ard Mhacha || {{convert|1.3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Goir]] || Luimneach || {{convert|0.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Eidhneach]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|3.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.08|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.77|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Inis Cara]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|4.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Oileáin]] || An Dún || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|-
| [[Loch Iarainn]] || An Iarmhí || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|-
| ''[[Lough Island Reavy]]'' || An Dún || {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.39|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.39|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Cé]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|8.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Chill Ghlais]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|2.02|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Choill an Iúir]]  || An Iarmhí || {{convert|2.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'' || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.43|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Cinnéile]] || Longforf, An Iarmhí, Cabhán || {{convert|1.95|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Chionn Droma]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch na Coille Móire]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.32|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Tóchair]] || Loch Garman || {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Léinn]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|19.78|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Léin]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|4.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.82|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.23|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' || An Clár || {{convert|0.84|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Macnean_Upper_report_2010.pdf Inland Fisheries of Ireland: Sampling Fish (Page 2)]&lt;/ref&gt; || Fear Manach || {{convert|4.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Macnean_Upper_report_2010.pdf Inland Fisheries of Ireland: Sampling Fish (Page 2)]&lt;/ref&gt; || Fear Manach, An Cabhán, Liatroim || {{convert|10|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Marbh]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Measca]] || Maigh Eo, Gaillimh || {{convert|83.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Mháimín]] || Gaillimh|| {{convert|0.56|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Mám Aodha]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.28|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Míle]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.57|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Míolach]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.16|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Meilbhe]] || Fear Manach, Liatroim || {{convert|22.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Moirne]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.67|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Mhuiceanach]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.96|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Mucnú]] || Muineachán || {{convert|3.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Mhucrois]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|2.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|2.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch na Fuaiche]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|2.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch nEathach]] || Aontroim, An Dún, Ard Mhacha, Tír Eoghain, Doire || {{convert|396|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.37|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Uachtair]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|6.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Uail]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|10.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Poll an Phúca (taiscumar)|Poll an Phúca]] || Cill Mhantáin || {{convert|19.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Phoirt Mhóir]] || Aontroim || {{convert|2.86|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Ramhar]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|7.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Riach]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Rí]] || An Iarmhí, Longfort, Ros Comáin || {{convert|106.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)|Claonloch]] (Maothail)|| Liatroim || {{convert|1.65|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Rois]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Scoir]] || Liatroim || {{convert|1.14|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Síleann]] || An Cabhán, An Mhí, An Iarmhí || {{convert|18.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Siabhair]] || An Iarmhí || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|-
| [[Loch Sindile]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Saileán]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|1.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Lough Skean]]'' || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.14|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Eoin]] || Liatroim || {{convert|1.46|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Sáile]] || Loch Garman || {{convert|3.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Tailt]] || Sligeach || {{convert|1.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Té]] || Cill Mhantáin || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Theach an Teampla]] || Sligeach || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[An Loch Uachtarach]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Upper Lough Skeagh]]'' || An Cabhán || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Urlaur Lough]]'' || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.15|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Ghleann Bheatha]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|2.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[White Lough]]'' || Muineachán || {{convert|0.54|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Gaineamháin agus Loch na mBreac Dearg]] || Ciarraí || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|}

== Lochanna goirte ==
* [[Loch Tóchair]], Loch Garman

== Turlacha ==
{{príomhalt|Turlach}}
* ''[[Loughareema]]'', Aontroim
* ''[[Glenamaddy Turlough]]'', Gaillimh
* [[Loch an Leathbhaile]], Gaillimh
* [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], Gaillimh
* [[Log na Sionna]], Cabháin

== Taiscumair ==
* [[Poll an Phúca (taiscumar)|Poll an Phúca]], Chill Mhantáin
* ''[[Silent Valley Reservoir]]'', An Dún
* [[Taiscumar Speilgeach]], An Dún
* [[Taiscumar Fheartraí]], Cill Mhantáin 

== Lochanna farraige ==
* [[Loch Lao]], Aontroim agus An Dún
* [[Loch Cuan]], An Dúin
* [[Loch Feabhail]], Dún na nGall agus Doire
* [[Cuan na Gaillimhe]] nó Loch Lurgain, Gaillimh
* [[Loch Oighinn]], Corcaigh
* [[Loch Latharna]], Aontroim
* [[Loch Machan]], Corcaigh
* [[Inbhear na Sionainne]], An Mhumha
* [[Cuan Thrá Lí]] nó Loch Foirdhreamhain, Ciarraí
* [[Cuan Phort Láirge]] nó Loch Dá Chaoch, Port Láirge 
* [[Cuan Loch Garman]], Loch Garman

== Fiordanna ==
* [[Loch Cairlinn]], Lú agus An Dún
* [[Loch Súilí]], Dún na nGall 
* [[An Caoláire Rua]], Maigh Eo agus Gaillimh

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Aibhneacha na hÉireann]]
* [[Liosta Aibhneacha na hÉireann]]
* [[Tomhaidhm]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann| ]]</text>
      <sha1>23t6m39k40qg0o1f4crz1jj720ivvqg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1272806</id>
      <parentid>1272778</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-05T20:59:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Lochanna fionnuisce */Naisc</comment>
      <origin>1272806</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="27437" sha1="fe3i013w2z2plj2c0mmaa7xbwoauvmb" xml:space="preserve">Seo a leanas liosta lochanna ar oileán [[Éire|na hÉireann]], i dteannta le tábla desna cinn is mó. 

De réir [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)|Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil]] (GCC), tá tuairim is 12,000 loch i b[[Poblacht na hÉireann]], le hachar níos mó ná 1,200 ciliméadar cearnach.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/waterqua/Water%20Quality%20in%20Ireland%202010-2015.pdf Water Quality in Ireland 2010–2015], cuid 3.1, lth. 27. GCC, 2017. {{ISBN|978-1-84095-735-8}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Is é [[Loch nEathach]] i d[[Tuaisceart Éireann]] an loch is mó de réir achair.  Is é [[Loch Coirib]] an dara is mó, agus an ceann is mó sa Phoblacht.  Is é Loch nEathach fosta an loch is mó de réir toirte.  Is é [[Loch Measca]] an ceann is mó sa Phoblacht.

== Lochanna is mó ==
Is iad a leanas na lochanna fionnuisce is mó na hÉireann:&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.osi.ie/Education/Primary-Schools/Seniors/Mountains,-Rivers-Lakes-(1).aspx Mountains, Rivers and Lakes], [[Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fishinginireland.info/trout/shannon/derg.htm Lough Derg], Fishing in Ireland&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ecn.ac.uk/sites/site/lakes/lough-erne Lough Erne], UK Environmental Change Network&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Ord&lt;br /&gt;de&amp;nbsp;réir&lt;br /&gt;achair !! Loch !! Achar&lt;br /&gt;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; !! Meán-&lt;br /&gt;domhain&lt;br /&gt;m !! Uas-&lt;br /&gt;domhain&lt;br /&gt;m !! Toirt&lt;br /&gt;×10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; !! Imeall-&lt;br /&gt;bhord&lt;br /&gt;km &lt;ref&gt;Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann ''Generalised Rivers &amp; Lakes''&lt;/ref&gt; !! Contaetha
|-
| 1 || [[Loch nEathach]] || 396 || 9.0  || 25 || 3,528 || 186 || [[Contae Aontroma|Aontroim]], [[Contae an Dúin|An Dún]], [[Contae Ard Mhacha|Atá Mhacha]], [[Contae Thír Eoghain|Tír Eoghan]], [[Contae Dhoire|Doire]]
|-
| 2 || [[Loch Coirib]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://invasivespeciesireland.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Case_Study_2_Lagarosiphon_major_Lough_Corrib.pdf Lagarosiphon major] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116012755/http://invasivespeciesireland.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Case_Study_2_Lagarosiphon_major_Lough_Corrib.pdf |date=2020-11-16 }} – An Aggressive Invasive Species in Lough Corrib&lt;/ref&gt; || 176 || 6.5 || 50.9 || 1,158 || 392 || [[Contae na Gaillimhe|Gaillimh]], [[Contae Mhaigh Eo|Mhaigh Eo]]
|-
| 3 || [[Loch Deirgeirt]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-22&amp;RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B World Lake Database] {{webarchive
|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621232653/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-22&amp;RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B 
|date=2015-06-21
}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 130 || 7.6 || 36 || 988 || 229 || [[Contae Thiobraid Árann|Tiobraid Árann]], [[Contae an Chláir|An Clár]], Gaillimh
|-
| 4 || [[Loch Éirne]] Íochtarach&lt;ref&gt;Heavily Modified Water Bodies – North Western River Basin District P.31 {{lua idirlín 
| url = http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf 
| teideal=Archived copy 
| dátarochtana=2014-10-25 
| url-status=dead 
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141025024015/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf 
| archive-date=2014-10-25
}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 109 || 11.9 || 69 || 1,300 || 270 || [[Contae Fhear Manach|Fear Manach]]
|-
| 5 || [[Loch Rí]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-21&amp;RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B World Lake Database] {{webarchive
|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621171638/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake.asp?LakeID=EUR-21&amp;RoutePrm=0%3A%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B14%3Aload%3B 
|date=2015-06-21
}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 105 || 6.2 || 35 || 651 || 192 || [[Contae Ros Comáin|Ros Comáin]], [[Contae an Longfoirt|Longfort]], [[Contae na hIarmhí|An Iarmhí]]
|-
| 6 || [[Loch Measca]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.epa.ie/licences/lic_eDMS/090151b28039ad8b.pdf P.8], [[Comhairle Contae Mhaigh Eo]]&lt;/ref&gt; || 83 || 15.0 || 58 || 1,300&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.epa.ie/licences/lic_eDMS/090151b28039ad8b.pdf P.12], CCME&lt;/ref&gt; || 192 || Maigh Eo, Gaillimh
|-
| 7 || [[Loch Con]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The trophic status of Lough Conn&quot; P.7, CCME&lt;/ref&gt; || 50 || 7.0 || 34 || 350 || 108 || Maigh Eo
|-
| 8 || [[Loch Aillionn]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf P158] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417030217/http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf |date=2016-04-17 }}, [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)|Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil]]&lt;/ref&gt; || 35 || 10.9 || 42.7 || 391 || 53 || [[Contae Liatroma|Liatroim]], Ros Comáin
|-
| 9 || [[Loch Éirne]] Uachtarach&lt;ref&gt;Heavily Modified Water Bodies – North Western River Basin District P.29 {{lua idirlín 
| url = http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf 
| teideal=Archived copy 
| dátarochtana=2014-10-25 
| url-status=dead 
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141025024015/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/hmwb_nw.pdf 
| archive-date=2014-10-25
}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 34 || 2.3 || 27 || 79 || 255 || Fear Manach 
|-
| 10 || [[Loch Meilbhe]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf P159] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417030217/http://www.epa.ie/wfdstatus/LAKES/LK_Appendices_all_FK_8-10-2007.pdf |date=2016-04-17 }}, CCG&lt;/ref&gt; || 23 || 7.8 || 44 || 175 || 54 || Fear Manach, Liatroim
|-
| 11 || [[Loch Léin]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nsshare.com/publications/documents/Ecological%20Classification%20Tools/Hydromorphology%20Rivers_Lakes%20T1%20-%20A7/Lakes/Lake%20Hydromorphology%20Part%201%20Review%20of%20Existing%20Bathymetric%20Information%20for%20Lakes%20T1%20(A7b.1)%20–%201.0.pdf P.15], North South Shared Aquatic Resource (NS Share){{Dead link
| date=March 2020 
| bot=InternetArchiveBot 
| fix-attempted=yes
}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 20 || 13.4 || 60 || 269 || 51 || [[Contae Chiarraí|Ciarraí]]
|-
| 12 || [[Poll an Phúca (taiscumar)|Poll an Phúca]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nsshare.com/publications/documents/Ecological%20Classification%20Tools/Hydromorphology%20Rivers_Lakes%20T1%20-%20A7/Lakes/Lake%20Hydromorphology%20Part%201%20Review%20of%20Existing%20Bathymetric%20Information%20for%20Lakes%20T1%20(A7b.1)%20–%201.0.pdf P.16],  North South Shared Aquatic Resource (NS Share){{Dead link
| date=March 2020 
| bot=InternetArchiveBot 
| fix-attempted=yes
}}&lt;/ref&gt; || 20 || 6.8 || || 135 || 64 || [[Contae Chill Mhantáin|Cill Mhantáin]]
|-
| 13 || [[Loch Síleann]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Sheelin_report1.pdf P.3], Sampling fish for the Water Framework Directive&lt;/ref&gt; || 19 || 4.4 || 15 || 83.6 || 36 || An Iarmhí, [[Contae an Chabháin|An Cabhán]], [[Contae na Mí|An Mhí]]
|-
| 14 || [[Loch Ceara]] || 16 || 1.8 || 18 || 28.8 || 75 || Maigh Eo 
|}
Nóta: Toirt = Achar * Meándomhain

Is é [[Loch Mhucrois]], i [[Lochanna Chill Áirne]], an loch Éireannach is doimhne, le huasdomhain 75 m aige.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm Lakes of Killarney], Glen Fia&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna fionnuisce ==
Níl ann sa liosta a leanas ach lochanna atá tábhachtach ó thaobh tíreolaíochta, geolaíochta nó staire de.  Cuirtear ann fosta na contaetha agus achair.  Tógadh lochanna na Poblachta go formhór as an tuairisc ''A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes'' leis an [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)|nGníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil]].&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{lua idirlín  | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf | teideal = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | dáta = 2006 | leathanaigh = 10–13 | foilsitheoir = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | dátarochtana = 14ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Íomhá:Lough Bunny, to the northern side of Mullach Mor - geograph.org.uk - 67168.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Buinne]] sa [[an Bhoirinn|Bhoirinn]]]]

[[Íomhá:Fishing Boats on Inchiquin, Lough Corrib.jpg|thumb|right|Báid iascaireachta ar [[Inis Mhic Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Coirib]]]]

[[Íomhá:LoughCullin2.JPG|thumb|[[Loch Cuilinn]] faoi [[Néifinn]]]]

[[Íomhá:Lough Dan looking north May 2015 01.JPG|thumb|[[Loch Deán]]]]

[[Íomhá:Loughdergdonegal.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Dearg]] agus ''Station Island'']]

[[Íomhá:Knockeyon 07.jpg|thumb|right|[[Loch Dairbhreach]] agus [[Cnoic Eoghain]]]]

[[Íomhá:Derryclare Lough - geograph.org.uk - 540873.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]]]]

[[Íomhá:DooLough Pass Road - BenCreggan - Delphi Pass.JPG|thumb|[[Dúloch, Contae Mhaigh Eo (Muraisc)|Dúloch]], Maigh Eo agus Delphi]]

[[Íomhá:Glanmore Lake - geograph.org.uk - 155097.jpg|thumb|[[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]]]]

[[Íomhá:Loch an Ghleanna Bhig (Glenbeg Lough) - geograph.org.uk - 263779.jpg|thumb|[[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]]]]

[[Íomhá:Glencar Lough and Benbulbin.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]] agus [[Binn Ghulbain]]]]

[[Íomhá:LoughGur 2002.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Goir]]]]

[[Íomhá:View north west across Lough Inagh towards the Twelve Bens - geograph.org.uk - 199770.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Eidhneach]] agus na [[Beanna Beola]]]]

[[Íomhá:Lough Key Forest Park 2010 052.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Cé]] agus [[Carraig Locha Cé]]]]

[[Íomhá:Kylemore lough - Diamond Hill.JPG|thumb|[[Loch na Coille Móire]] agus [[Binn Ghuaire]]]]

[[Íomhá:NunsTurgesius Castle isles Lough Lene.JPG|thumb|right|[[Loch Léinn]] agus [[Inis Turgesius]]]]

[[Íomhá:Inishee Island, Lough Macnean Lower - geograph.org.uk - 984290.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair]] agus ''Inishee Island'']]

[[Íomhá:Maumeen Lough and the Twelve Bens - geograph.org.uk - 608201.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Mháimín]] agus na Beanna Beola]]

[[Íomhá:Lough Tay Panorama.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Té]] agus [[Sléibhte Chill Mhantáin]]]]

[[Íomhá:IE Lough Veagh 01.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Ghleann Bheatha]] i nGleann Bheatha]]

[[Íomhá:Killykeen Lough Oughter-1.jpg|thumb|[[Loch Uachtair]] ag [[Coillidh Chaoin]]]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Loch !! Contae !! Achar km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; !! Achar sq&amp;nbsp;mi 
|-
| [[Loch an Chuais]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.66|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Leaca Mór]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Leamhnachta]] || An Clár and Gaillimh || {{convert|0.55|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Aillionn]] || Liatroim || {{convert|33.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Locha Lua]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|1.36|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Easaird]] || Gaillimh|| {{convert|0.87|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.53|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.59|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch na nArd-doiriú]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.81|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Arbhach]] || '''Sligeach, Ros Comáin'''|| {{convert|12.47|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an tSéideáin]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.38|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Tóraic]] || An Clár || {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Eachros Beag]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.74|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bhaile an tSagairt]] || Tír Eoghain || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|-
| [[An Loch Bán]] || An Mhí, An Iarmhí || {{convert|0.75|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Beara]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.63|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[An Loch Beag]] || Doire, Aontroim || {{convert|4.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)|Claonloch]] (Droim Dhá Thiar) || Liatroim || {{convert|1.01|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bhéal Trá]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|4.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bó Dearg]] || Ros Comáin, Liatroim || {{convert|5.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bó Finne, Contae na Gaillimhe|Loch Bó Finne]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.92|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bó Finne]] || Liatroim, Ros Comáin || {{convert|2.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Breaclaigh]]|| An Cabhán || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Buinne]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.03|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Camloch]] || Ard Mhacha || {{convert|0.72|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Cárthaí]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|4.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Ceara]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|15.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|5.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Carraig an Phoirt]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.46|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch na Ceathrún Móire]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|9.3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.21|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.64|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Clea Lake]]'' || Ard Mhacha || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|-
| ''[[Cloonacleigha Lough]]'' || Sligeach || {{convert|0.62|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Cloonagh Lough]]'' || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.71|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|1.28|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Locha Chluain Í]] Lár || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.71|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Con]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|48.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Conbhuí]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Coirib]] || Gaillimh, Maigh Eo || {{convert|172.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch na gCurrach]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Chrathaí]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Raithin]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.11|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Collán]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.55|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Cuilinn]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|10.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Luíoch]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|10.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Cútra]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|3.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Deán]] || Cill Mhantáin || {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[An Loch Uachtair]] || Cill Mhantáin || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|-
| [[Loch Deirgeirt]] || An Clár, Gaillimh, Tiobraid Árann || {{convert|122.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Dearg]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|8.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Dairbhreach]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|9.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|2.24|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Dúlocha]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Dúloch, Contae Mhaigh Eo (Muraisc)|Dúloch]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.55|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Dhrom Mór]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.49|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Drumaleague Lough]]'' || Liatroim || {{convert|0.05|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Dhoirinse]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.70|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Éadaoine]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|2.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Dhún Lúiche]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Iascaí]] || Sligeach || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Éigis]] || Muineachán || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Eanach]] || Corcaigh || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|-
| [[Loch Ainninn]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|11.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Éirne]] Íochtair || Fear Manach || {{convert|109|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Éirne]] Uachtair || Fear Manach || {{convert|34|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Eirid]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|0.82|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Iascaigh]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|3.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Fí]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.74|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Fíoch]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Fearna]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.81|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Finne]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Foirbis]] || Longfort || {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Fuinseann]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|3.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch na Foirnéise]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Uí Ghadhra]] || Sligeach || {{convert|12.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Fionnmhaí]] || Liatroim || {{convert|3.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Gartáin]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|2.05|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Gile (Sligeach agus Liatroim)|Loch Gile]] || Sligeach, Liatroim || {{convert|13.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Gile (Contae Chiarraí)|Loch Gile]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|1.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.57|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Ghleanna]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|1.68|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Ghleann Éada]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|0.66|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]] || Liatroim, Sligeach || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.83|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Gabhlach]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Gamhna]] || An Cabhán, Longfort || {{convert|4.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Gréine]] || An Clár || {{convert|3.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Coiteáin]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|2.46|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Lough Gullion]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín |url=http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/protected_areas_home/new_assi_landing_page/county_armagh-2/lough_gullion_assi.htm |teideal=Northern Ireland Environment Agency |dátarochtana=2025-06-19 |archivedate=2015-10-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002124238/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/protected_areas_home/new_assi_landing_page/county_armagh-2/lough_gullion_assi.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt; || Ard Mhacha || {{convert|1.3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Goir]] || Luimneach || {{convert|0.8|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Eidhneach]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|3.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]] || An Clár || {{convert|1.08|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Cloonee and Inchiquin Loughs, Uragh Wood|Inchiquin Lough]]'' || Ciarraí || {{convert|0.77|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Inis Cara]] || Corcaigh || {{convert|4.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Oileáin]] || An Dún || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|-
| [[Loch Iarainn]] || An Iarmhí || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|-
| ''[[Lough Island Reavy]]'' || An Dún || {{convert|1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.39|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.39|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Cé]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|8.9|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Chill Ghlais]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|2.02|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Choill an Iúir]]  || An Iarmhí || {{convert|2.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Kiltooris Lough]]'' || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.43|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Cinnéile]] || Longforf, An Iarmhí, Cabhán || {{convert|1.95|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Chionn Droma]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch na Coille Móire]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.32|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Tóchair]] || Loch Garman || {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Léinn]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|19.78|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Léin]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|4.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.82|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.23|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Lickeen Lough]]'' || An Clár || {{convert|0.84|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Macnean_Upper_report_2010.pdf Inland Fisheries of Ireland: Sampling Fish (Page 2)]&lt;/ref&gt; || Fear Manach || {{convert|4.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Macnean_Upper_report_2010.pdf Inland Fisheries of Ireland: Sampling Fish (Page 2)]&lt;/ref&gt; || Fear Manach, An Cabhán, Liatroim || {{convert|10|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Marbh]] || Liatroim || {{convert|0.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Measca]] || Maigh Eo, Gaillimh || {{convert|83.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Mháimín]] || Gaillimh|| {{convert|0.56|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Mám Aodha]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.28|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Míle]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.57|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Míolach]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.16|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Meilbhe]] || Fear Manach, Liatroim || {{convert|22.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Moirne]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|0.67|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Mhuiceanach]] || An Clár || {{convert|0.96|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Mucnú]] || Muineachán || {{convert|3.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Mhucrois]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|2.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|2.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch na Fuaiche]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|2.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch nEathach]] || Aontroim, An Dún, Ard Mhacha, Tír Eoghain, Doire || {{convert|396|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]] || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.37|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Uachtair]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|6.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Uail]] || An Iarmhí || {{convert|10.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Poll an Phúca (taiscumar)|Poll an Phúca]] || Cill Mhantáin || {{convert|19.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Phoirt Mhóir]] || Aontroim || {{convert|2.86|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Ramhar]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|7.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Riach]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|3|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Rí]] || An Iarmhí, Longfort, Ros Comáin || {{convert|106.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)|Claonloch]] (Maothail)|| Liatroim || {{convert|1.65|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Rois]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|1.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Scoir]] || Liatroim || {{convert|1.14|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Síleann]] || An Cabhán, An Mhí, An Iarmhí || {{convert|18.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Siabhair]] || An Iarmhí || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|-
| [[Loch Sindile]] || Gaillimh || {{convert|0.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Saileán]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|1.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| ''[[Lough Skean]]'' || Ros Comáin || {{convert|1.14|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Eoin]] || Liatroim || {{convert|1.46|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Sáile]] || Loch Garman || {{convert|3.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Tailt]] || Sligeach || {{convert|1.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Té]] || Cill Mhantáin || {{convert|0.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Theach an Teampla]] || Sligeach || {{convert|1.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[An Loch Uachtarach]] || Ciarraí || {{convert|1.7|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]] || An Cabhán || {{convert|0.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch an Urláir]] || Maigh Eo || {{convert|1.15|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Ghleann Bheatha]] || Dún na nGall || {{convert|2.61|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin|An Loch Bán]] || Muineachán || {{convert|0.54|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|-
| [[Loch Gaineamháin agus Loch na mBreac Dearg]] || Ciarraí || ||&lt;!--placeholder, remove final || when adding a value--&gt;
|}

== Lochanna goirte ==
* [[Loch Tóchair]], Loch Garman

== Turlacha ==
{{príomhalt|Turlach}}
* ''[[Loughareema]]'', Aontroim
* ''[[Glenamaddy Turlough]]'', Gaillimh
* [[Loch an Leathbhaile]], Gaillimh
* [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]], Gaillimh
* [[Log na Sionna]], Cabháin

== Taiscumair ==
* [[Poll an Phúca (taiscumar)|Poll an Phúca]], Chill Mhantáin
* ''[[Silent Valley Reservoir]]'', An Dún
* [[Taiscumar Speilgeach]], An Dún
* [[Taiscumar Fheartraí]], Cill Mhantáin 

== Lochanna farraige ==
* [[Loch Lao]], Aontroim agus An Dún
* [[Loch Cuan]], An Dúin
* [[Loch Feabhail]], Dún na nGall agus Doire
* [[Cuan na Gaillimhe]] nó Loch Lurgain, Gaillimh
* [[Loch Oighinn]], Corcaigh
* [[Loch Latharna]], Aontroim
* [[Loch Machan]], Corcaigh
* [[Inbhear na Sionainne]], An Mhumha
* [[Cuan Thrá Lí]] nó Loch Foirdhreamhain, Ciarraí
* [[Cuan Phort Láirge]] nó Loch Dá Chaoch, Port Láirge 
* [[Cuan Loch Garman]], Loch Garman

== Fiordanna ==
* [[Loch Cairlinn]], Lú agus An Dún
* [[Loch Súilí]], Dún na nGall 
* [[An Caoláire Rua]], Maigh Eo agus Gaillimh

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Aibhneacha na hÉireann]]
* [[Liosta Aibhneacha na hÉireann]]
* [[Tomhaidhm]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}

[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Loch Mhucrois</title>
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      <text bytes="2069" sha1="61gu0atq4z00ii0x85crcjon86cgr47" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Mhucrois'''&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt; (aitheanta fosta mar An Loch Meánach nó An [[Torc]]), suite i b[[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]].&lt;ref name=di1 /&gt;  Is é ar cheann desna trí [[Lochanna Chill Airne]] mór le rá, i dteannta le [[Loch Léin]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].  Is é an loch is doimhne na hÉireann, le doimhneacht go {{convert|75|m|ft}}.&lt;ref name=gf /&gt;

== Fiadhúlra ==
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Mhucrois tá [[bradán]] agus [[breac donn]].&lt;ref name=fi /&gt;&lt;ref name=di2 /&gt;  Is gnáthóg é freisin do [[ruabhreac]] mbaolsrónach (''Salvelinus obtusus'') atá i mbaol criticiúil.

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1165210 | teideal = Loch Mhucrois | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 10ú Márta 2020 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=di1&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/torc-waterfall-and-muckross-lake-loop/62318 | teideal = Torc Waterfall and Muckross Lake Loop }}{{Dead link|date=Iúil 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=gf&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm | teideal = Killarney Lakes | ainm = Foran | sloinne = Enterprise | suíomh = www.gleannfia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=fi&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/salmon/southwest/laune.htm | teideal = Fishing in Ireland | dáta = 16ú Aibreán 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=di2&gt;{{lua idirlín | url= http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/muckross-lake/50183 | teideal= Muckross Lake - Activities | dátarochtana= 2025-06-23 | archivedate= 2016-12-20 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20161220104419/http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/muckross-lake/50183 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]

{{síol-tír-ie}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Loch Fearna</title>
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      <text bytes="3072" sha1="2yrkp4dwaarsc1xj3i4cq3hfts7xrdn" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Fearna'''&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt;&lt;ref name=EPA /&gt; suite i dtuaisceart {{h|Contae Dhún na nGall}} gar de {{h|Baile na nGallóglach}}.

== Tíreolaíocht ==
Ta Loch Fearna tuairim is {{convert|2|km|1}} taobh ó dheas de Baile na nGallóglach, ar an mbóthar [[R246]], agus {{convert|10|km|0}} taobh ó thuaidh de [[Leitir Ceanainn]].&lt;ref name=IFI /&gt;  Tá sé  {{convert|2|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|0.8|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead.  Tá dhá inis sa loch ar a thaobh ó thuaidh, agus [[crannóg]] amháin ann.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

== Hidreolaíocht ==
Soláthraítear Loch Fearna go formhór ag [[An Leanainn]] ag rith isteach ó dheas, agus fosta ag sruthán ag sreabhadh ó thuaidh.  Ritheann an loch soir amach go dtí An Leanainn, a teitheann féin i [[Loch Súilí]] isteach ag [[Ráth Mealtain]].&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

== Stair an dúlra ==
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Fearna, tá [[breac donn]], [[bradán]], [[garmachán]], [[péirse]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.&lt;ref [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] na Leanainne.&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;&lt;ref name=IFI2014/&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=17 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 11 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 12 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/r2011/10/Fern_report1.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Lough Fern | foilsitheoir = [[Inland Fisheries Ireland]] | dáta = Lúnasa 2011 | dátarochtana = 20ú Lúnasa 2015 }}{{Dead link|date=Iúil 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.logainm.ie/ga/1166363 | teideal = Loch Fearna | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 24ú Meitheamh 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI2014&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Fern_prelim_report_2014.pdf | teideal = Preliminary Synopsis of the WFD Surveillance Monitoring Fish Stock Survey on Lough Fern | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = Lúnasa 2014 | dátarochtana = 20ú Lúnasa 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=NPWS&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/protected-sites/sac/002176 | teideal = Leannan River SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | dátarochtana = 20 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fearna, Loch}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Dhún na nGall]]</text>
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    <title>Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Clár Dubh/Lochanna</title>
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      <comment>/* Lochanna */</comment>
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      <text bytes="42865" sha1="covnx8qku0ubmmjxavrnvw1u3hcnkk0" xml:space="preserve">__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
# [[Loch Sceithí]]
# [[Loch an Urláir]]
# [[An Loch Bán]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
# [[Loch Sceithí]]
# [[Loch an Urláir]]
# [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
# [[Loch Sceithí]]
# [[Loch an Urláir]]
# [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== An Loch Bán ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

&lt;ref name=EPA/&gt;

'' ''' An Loch Bán'''&lt;ref name=StranoodenGWS /&gt; is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in the northeast of Ireland.  It is located in [[Contae Mhuineacháin]] in the [[abhantrach]] of the [[An Éirne]]. The lake is also used as a raw water source for Stranooden Group Water Scheme.&lt;ref name=StranoodenGWS /&gt;

== Tíreolaíocht 
Tá an Loch Bán {{convert|2.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad thiar–thoir agus {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|5|km|0|abbr=on}} siar ó dheas de {{h|Béal Átha Beithe}}.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

== Stair an dúlra 
I measc na n-iasc san Loch Bán, tá [[péirse]], [[róiste]], [[liús]], [[cúramán]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=StranoodenGWS&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = About Stranooden Group Water Scheme | url = https://www.stranoodengws.ie/index.php/our-history | foilsitheoir = Stranooden Group Water Scheme | dátarochtana = 12a Márta 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=19 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 13 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/White_report_2012.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of White Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = August 2012 | dátarochtana = 21d Feabhra 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Loch Bán, An}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
# [[Loch Sceithí]]
# [[Loch an Urláir]]
# [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== An Loch Bán ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

&lt;ref name=EPA/&gt;

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' An Loch Bán'''&lt;ref name=StranoodenGWS /&gt; suite i g[[Contae Mhuineacháin]] i n-[[abhantrach]] [[An Éirne|Na hÉirne]].  Is foinse uisce é don  Scéim Uisce Sraith Nuadáin.&lt;ref name=StranoodenGWS /&gt;

== Tíreolaíocht 
Tá an Loch Bán {{convert|2.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad thiar–thoir agus {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|5|km|0|abbr=on}} siar ó dheas de {{h|Béal Átha Beithe}}.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

== Stair an dúlra 
I measc na n-iasc san Loch Bán, tá [[péirse]], [[róiste]], [[liús]], [[cúramán]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=StranoodenGWS&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = About Stranooden Group Water Scheme | url = https://www.stranoodengws.ie/index.php/our-history | foilsitheoir = Stranooden Group Water Scheme | dátarochtana = 12a Márta 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=19 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 13 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/White_report_2012.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of White Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = August 2012 | dátarochtana = 21d Feabhra 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Loch Bán, An}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
# [[Loch Sceithí]]
# [[Loch an Urláir]]
# [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
# [[Loch Sceithí]]
# [[Loch an Urláir]]
#* [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
# [[Loch Sceithí]]
# [[Loch an Urláir]]
#* [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch an Urláir ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'''Loch an Urláir''' is a [[freshwater]] lake in the west of Ireland.  It is located in east [[COUNTY Mayo]] and is one of Lochanna an Urláir.

==Geography==
Urlaur Lough measures about {{convert|3|km|1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} wide. It lies about {{convert|10|km|0|abbr=on}} north of [[Ballyhaunis]] near [[Lough Nanaoge]] and [[Lough Roe]], the other Urlaur Lakes.&lt;ref name=GoogleMaps/&gt;

==Hydrology==
Urlaur Lough is the source of the [[Lung River]]. The river flows to [[Lough Gara]].&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

==Natural history==
Fish species in Urlaur Lough include [[European perch|perch]], [[common roach|roach]], [[northern pike|pike]], [[ninespine stickleback]] and the critically endangered [[European eel]].&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt; Bird species at the lake include [[tufted duck]], [[common pochard|pochard]], [[Eurasian teal|teal]], [[mallard]], [[whooper swan]], [[Eurasian wigeon|wigeon]] and [[Eurasian curlew|curlew]]. Urlaur Lough is part of the Urlaur Lakes [[List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland#Mayo|Special Area of Conservation]].&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

==See also==
*[[List of loughs in Ireland]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=GoogleMaps&gt;{{Google maps | url = https://www.google.com/maps/place/Urlaur+Lough,+Co.+Mayo,+Ireland/@53.8470574,-8.761947,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x485eabf15958f461:0xb7e9dde57c02aede?hl=en | title = Urlaur Lough | access-date = 3 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=19 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 13 | publisher = [[Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Urlaur_report_2013.pdf | title = Sampling Fish for the Water Framework Directive: Urlaur Lough | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | date = July 2013 | access-date = 3 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=NPWS&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY001571.pdf | title =  Urlaur Lakes SAC | publisher = [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)]] | access-date = 3 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

}}

{{County Mayo}}

[[Category:Lakes of County Mayo|Urlaur]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
# [[Loch Sceithí]]
# [[Loch an Urláir]]
#* [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch an Urláir ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'''Loch an Urláir''' is a [[freshwater]] lake in the west of Ireland.  It is located in east [[COUNTY Mayo]] and is one of Lochanna an Urláir.

== Tíreolaíocht 
Tá Loch an Urláir Urlaur {{convert|3|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|10|km|1|abbr=on}} ó thuaidh de {{h|Béal Átha hAmhnais}} gar de [[Loch na nÓg]] agus [[Loch Rua]], na Lochanna an Urláir éis.

==Hydrology==
Urlaur Lough is the source of the [[Lung River]]. The river flows to [[Lough Gara]].&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

==Natural history==
Fish species in Urlaur Lough include [[European perch|perch]], [[common roach|roach]], [[northern pike|pike]], [[ninespine stickleback]] and the critically endangered [[European eel]].&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt; Bird species at the lake include [[tufted duck]], [[common pochard|pochard]], [[Eurasian teal|teal]], [[mallard]], [[whooper swan]], [[Eurasian wigeon|wigeon]] and [[Eurasian curlew|curlew]]. Urlaur Lough is part of the Urlaur Lakes [[List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland#Mayo|Special Area of Conservation]].&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

==See also==
*[[List of loughs in Ireland]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=GoogleMaps&gt;{{Google maps | url = https://www.google.com/maps/place/Urlaur+Lough,+Co.+Mayo,+Ireland/@53.8470574,-8.761947,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x485eabf15958f461:0xb7e9dde57c02aede?hl=en | title = Urlaur Lough | access-date = 3 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=19 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 13 | publisher = [[Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Urlaur_report_2013.pdf | title = Sampling Fish for the Water Framework Directive: Urlaur Lough | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | date = July 2013 | access-date = 3 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=NPWS&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY001571.pdf | title =  Urlaur Lakes SAC | publisher = [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)]] | access-date = 3 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

}}

{{County Mayo}}

[[Category:Lakes of County Mayo|Urlaur]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
# [[Loch Sceithí]]
# [[Loch an Urláir]]
#* [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch an Urláir ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'''Loch an Urláir''' is a [[freshwater]] lake in the west of Ireland.  It is located in east [[COUNTY Mayo]] and is one of Lochanna an Urláir.

== Tíreolaíocht 
Tá Loch an Urláir Urlaur {{convert|3|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|10|km|1|abbr=on}} ó thuaidh de {{h|Béal Átha hAmhnais}} gar de [[Loch na nÓg]] agus [[Loch Rua]], na Lochanna an Urláir éis.

== Hidreolaíocht
Is foinse Abhainn na Loinge é Loch an Urláir, a shreabhann féin i [[Loch Uí Ghadhra]] isteach.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

==Natural history==
Fish species in Urlaur Lough include [[European perch|perch]], [[common roach|roach]], [[northern pike|pike]], [[ninespine stickleback]] and the critically endangered [[European eel]].&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt; Bird species at the lake include [[tufted duck]], [[common pochard|pochard]], [[Eurasian teal|teal]], [[mallard]], [[whooper swan]], [[Eurasian wigeon|wigeon]] and [[Eurasian curlew|curlew]]. Urlaur Lough is part of the Urlaur Lakes [[List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland#Mayo|Special Area of Conservation]].&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

==See also==
*[[List of loughs in Ireland]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=GoogleMaps&gt;{{Google maps | url = https://www.google.com/maps/place/Urlaur+Lough,+Co.+Mayo,+Ireland/@53.8470574,-8.761947,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x485eabf15958f461:0xb7e9dde57c02aede?hl=en | title = Urlaur Lough | access-date = 3 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=19 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 13 | publisher = [[Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Urlaur_report_2013.pdf | title = Sampling Fish for the Water Framework Directive: Urlaur Lough | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | date = July 2013 | access-date = 3 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=NPWS&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY001571.pdf | title =  Urlaur Lakes SAC | publisher = [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)]] | access-date = 3 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

}}

{{County Mayo}}

[[Category:Lakes of County Mayo|Urlaur]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
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*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
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|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
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|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
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}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
# [[Loch Sceithí]]
# [[Loch an Urláir]]
#* [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch an Urláir ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'''Loch an Urláir''' is a [[freshwater]] lake in the west of Ireland.  It is located in east [[COUNTY Mayo]] and is one of Lochanna an Urláir.

== Tíreolaíocht 
Tá Loch an Urláir Urlaur {{convert|3|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|10|km|1|abbr=on}} ó thuaidh de {{h|Béal Átha hAmhnais}} gar de [[Loch na nÓg]] agus [[Loch Rua]], na Lochanna an Urláir éis.

== Hidreolaíocht
Is foinse Abhainn na Loinge é Loch an Urláir, a shreabhann féin i [[Loch Uí Ghadhra]] isteach.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

== Stair an dúlra 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Urláir, tá [[péirse]], [[róiste]], [[liús]], [[garmachán]] deich gclipe agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

I measc na n-éan ag an loch, tá [[lacha bhadánach]], [[Aythya ferina|lacha mhásach]], [[praslacha]], [[mallard]], [[eala ghlórach]], [[rualacha]] agus [[crotach]]. 

Tá an loch lastigh den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Lochanna an Urláir.&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

==See also==
*[[List of loughs in Ireland]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=GoogleMaps&gt;{{Google maps | url = https://www.google.com/maps/place/Urlaur+Lough,+Co.+Mayo,+Ireland/@53.8470574,-8.761947,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x485eabf15958f461:0xb7e9dde57c02aede?hl=en | title = Urlaur Lough | access-date = 3 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=19 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 13 | publisher = [[Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Urlaur_report_2013.pdf | title = Sampling Fish for the Water Framework Directive: Urlaur Lough | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | date = July 2013 | access-date = 3 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=NPWS&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY001571.pdf | title =  Urlaur Lakes SAC | publisher = [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)]] | access-date = 3 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

}}

{{County Mayo}}

[[Category:Lakes of County Mayo|Urlaur]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
# [[Loch Sceithí]]
# [[Loch an Urláir]]
#* [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch an Urláir ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'''Loch an Urláir''' is a [[freshwater]] lake in the west of Ireland.  It is located in east [[COUNTY Mayo]] and is one of Lochanna an Urláir.

== Tíreolaíocht 
Tá Loch an Urláir Urlaur {{convert|3|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|10|km|1|abbr=on}} ó thuaidh de {{h|Béal Átha hAmhnais}} gar de [[Loch na nÓg]] agus [[Loch Rua]], na Lochanna an Urláir éis.

== Hidreolaíocht
Is foinse Abhainn na Loinge é Loch an Urláir, a shreabhann féin i [[Loch Uí Ghadhra]] isteach.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

== Stair an dúlra 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Urláir, tá [[péirse]], [[róiste]], [[liús]], [[garmachán]] deich gclipe agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

I measc na n-éan ag an loch, tá [[lacha bhadánach]], [[Aythya ferina|lacha mhásach]], [[praslacha]], [[mallard]], [[eala ghlórach]], [[rualacha]] agus [[crotach]]. 

Tá an loch lastigh den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Lochanna an Urláir.&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=GoogleMaps&gt;{{Google maps | url = https://www.google.com/maps/place/Urlaur+Lough,+Co.+Mayo,+Ireland/@53.8470574,-8.761947,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x485eabf15958f461:0xb7e9dde57c02aede?hl=en | title = Urlaur Lough | access-date = 3 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=19 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 13 | publisher = [[Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Urlaur_report_2013.pdf | title = Sampling Fish for the Water Framework Directive: Urlaur Lough | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | date = July 2013 | access-date = 3 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=NPWS&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY001571.pdf | title =  Urlaur Lakes SAC | publisher = [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)]] | access-date = 3 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

}}

{{County Mayo}}

[[Category:Lakes of County Mayo|Urlaur]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
# [[Loch Sceithí]]
# [[Loch an Urláir]]
#* [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch an Urláir ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'''Loch an Urláir''' is a [[freshwater]] lake in the west of Ireland.  It is located in east [[COUNTY Mayo]] and is one of Lochanna an Urláir.

== Tíreolaíocht 
Tá Loch an Urláir Urlaur {{convert|3|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|10|km|1|abbr=on}} ó thuaidh de {{h|Béal Átha hAmhnais}} gar de [[Loch na nÓg]] agus [[Loch Rua]], na Lochanna an Urláir éis.

== Hidreolaíocht
Is foinse Abhainn na Loinge é Loch an Urláir, a shreabhann féin i [[Loch Uí Ghadhra]] isteach.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

== Stair an dúlra 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Urláir, tá [[péirse]], [[róiste]], [[liús]], [[garmachán]] deich gclipe agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

I measc na n-éan ag an loch, tá [[lacha bhadánach]], [[Aythya ferina|lacha mhásach]], [[praslacha]], [[mallard]], [[eala ghlórach]], [[rualacha]] agus [[crotach]]. 

Tá an loch lastigh den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Lochanna an Urláir.&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=19 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 13 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Urlaur_report_2013.pdf | teideal = Sampling Fish for the Water Framework Directive: Urlaur Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = Iúil 2013 | dátarochtana = 3ú Eanáir 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=NPWS&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY001571.pdf | title =  Urlaur Lakes SAC | publisher = [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)]] | access-date = 3 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

}}

{{County Mayo}}

[[Category:Lakes of County Mayo|Urlaur]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
# [[Loch Sceithí]]
# [[Loch an Urláir]]
#* [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch an Urláir ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é '''Loch an Urláir''' suite i g[[Contae Mhaigh Eo]], ar ceann desna Lochanna an Urláir.

== Tíreolaíocht 
Tá Loch an Urláir Urlaur {{convert|3|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|10|km|1|abbr=on}} ó thuaidh de {{h|Béal Átha hAmhnais}} gar de [[Loch na nÓg]] agus [[Loch Rua]], na Lochanna an Urláir éis.

== Hidreolaíocht
Is foinse Abhainn na Loinge é Loch an Urláir, a shreabhann féin i [[Loch Uí Ghadhra]] isteach.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

== Stair an dúlra 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Urláir, tá [[péirse]], [[róiste]], [[liús]], [[garmachán]] deich gclipe agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

I measc na n-éan ag an loch, tá [[lacha bhadánach]], [[Aythya ferina|lacha mhásach]], [[praslacha]], [[mallard]], [[eala ghlórach]], [[rualacha]] agus [[crotach]]. 

Tá an loch lastigh den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Lochanna an Urláir.&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=19 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 13 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Urlaur_report_2013.pdf | teideal = Sampling Fish for the Water Framework Directive: Urlaur Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = Iúil 2013 | dátarochtana = 3ú Eanáir 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=NPWS&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY001571.pdf | teideal = Urlaur Lakes SAC | foilsitheoir = [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)]] | dátarochtana = 3ú Eanáir 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Urláir, Loch an}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Mhaigh Eo]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
# [[Loch Sceithí]]
# [[Loch an Urláir]]
#* [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch an Urláir ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é '''Loch an Urláir'''&lt;ref name=EPA/&gt; suite i g[[Contae Mhaigh Eo]], ar ceann desna Lochanna an Urláir.

== Tíreolaíocht 
Tá Loch an Urláir Urlaur {{convert|3|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|10|km|1|abbr=on}} ó thuaidh de {{h|Béal Átha hAmhnais}} gar de [[Loch na nÓg]] agus [[Loch Rua]], na Lochanna an Urláir éis.

== Hidreolaíocht
Is foinse Abhainn na Loinge é Loch an Urláir, a shreabhann féin i [[Loch Uí Ghadhra]] isteach.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

== Stair an dúlra 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Urláir, tá [[péirse]], [[róiste]], [[liús]], [[garmachán]] deich gclipe agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

I measc na n-éan ag an loch, tá [[lacha bhadánach]], [[Aythya ferina|lacha mhásach]], [[praslacha]], [[mallard]], [[eala ghlórach]], [[rualacha]] agus [[crotach]]. 

Tá an loch lastigh den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Lochanna an Urláir.&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=19 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 13 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Urlaur_report_2013.pdf | teideal = Sampling Fish for the Water Framework Directive: Urlaur Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = Iúil 2013 | dátarochtana = 3ú Eanáir 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=NPWS&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY001571.pdf | teideal = Urlaur Lakes SAC | foilsitheoir = [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)]] | dátarochtana = 3ú Eanáir 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Urláir, Loch an}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Mhaigh Eo]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
# [[Loch Sceithí]]
# [[Loch an Urláir]]
#* [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é '''Loch an Urláir'''&lt;ref name=EPA/&gt; suite i g[[Contae Mhaigh Eo]], ar ceann desna Lochanna an Urláir.

== Tíreolaíocht ==
Tá Loch an Urláir {{convert|3|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|10|km|1|abbr=on}} ó thuaidh de {{h|Béal Átha hAmhnais}} gar de [[Loch na nÓg]] agus [[Loch Rua]], na Lochanna an Urláir éis.

== Hidreolaíocht ==
Is foinse Abhainn na Loinge é Loch an Urláir, a shreabhann féin i [[Loch Uí Ghadhra]] isteach.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

== Stair an dúlra ==
I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Urláir, tá [[péirse]], [[róiste]], [[liús]], [[garmachán]] deich gclipe agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

I measc na n-éan ag an loch, tá [[lacha bhadánach]], [[Aythya ferina|lacha mhásach]], [[praslacha]], [[mallard]], [[eala ghlórach]], [[rualacha]] agus [[crotach]]. 

Tá an loch lastigh den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Lochanna an Urláir.&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=19 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 13 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Urlaur_report_2013.pdf | teideal = Sampling Fish for the Water Framework Directive: Urlaur Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = Iúil 2013 | dátarochtana = 3ú Eanáir 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=NPWS&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY001571.pdf | teideal = Urlaur Lakes SAC | foilsitheoir = [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)]] | dátarochtana = 3ú Eanáir 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Urláir, Loch an}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Mhaigh Eo]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
# [[Loch Sceithí]]
#* [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
# [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]]
#* [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Sceithí Uachtair ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

&lt;ref name=EPA/&gt;

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é '' ''' Loch Sceithí Uachtair''' suite i g[[Contae an Chabháin]] i n-[[abhantrach]] [[An Bhóinn|Na Bóinne]].

==Geography
Upper Lough Skeagh measures about {{convert|2|km|1|abbr=on}} long north–south and {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} wide. It is located about {{convert|7|km|0|abbr=on}} northwest of [[Bailieborough]].

==Natural history
Fish species in Upper Lough Skeagh include [[common roach|roach]], [[European perch|perch]], [[common bream|bream]], [[northern pike|pike]], and the critically endangered [[European eel]]. The lake is also a public water supply.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

==See also
*[[List of loughs in Ireland]]

==References
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=19 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 13 | publisher = [[Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Skeagh-Upper_report1.pdf | title = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Upper Lough Skeagh | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | date = October 2011 | access-date = 19 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

}}

[[Category:Lakes of County Cavan|Upper Lough Skeagh]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
# [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]]
#* [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Sceithí Uachtair ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é '' ''' Loch Sceithí Uachtair'''&lt;ref name=EPA/&gt; suite i g[[Contae an Chabháin]] i n-[[abhantrach]] [[An Bhóinn|Na Bóinne]].

== Tíreolaíocht 
Tá Loch Sceithí Uachtair {{convert|2|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad thuaidh–theas agus {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|7|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Coill an Chollaigh}}.

== Stair an dúlra 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Sceithí Uachtair, tá [[róiste]], [[Peter]], [[bran (iasc)|bran]], [[liús]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil. Is soláthar uisce poiblí é an loch freisin.&lt;ref name=IFI /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=19 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 13 | publisher = [[Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Skeagh-Upper_report1.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Upper Lough Skeagh | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = October 2011 | dartraighe = 19ú Feabhra 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sceithí Uachtair, Loch}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chabháin]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
# [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]]
#* [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
#* [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
#* [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Lough Skean ==
{{teideal iodálach}}
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

&lt;ref name=EPA/&gt;

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''''' Lough Skean'''''&lt;ref name=EPA/&gt; is a [[freshwater]] suite go formhór i g[[Contae Ros Comáin]] le cuid bheag i g[[Contae Shligigh]].

== Tíreolaíocht 
Tá '' Lough Skean '' {{convert|2|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|15|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó {{h|Droim Seanbhó}} agus gar den tsráidbhaile {{h|Béal Átha Fearnáin}}.

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=19 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 13 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Skean, Lough}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ros Comáin]]
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Shligigh]]

{{síol-tír-ie}}

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
      <sha1>07bw5qnzlh2zckdkmn0zgbar7q0xw0g</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1272800</id>
      <parentid>1272799</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-05T19:29:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Lough Skean */</comment>
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      <text bytes="44139" sha1="4npfdf7g9wnqo7ohfa28fd311tn9kar" xml:space="preserve">__NOINDEX__
__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
#* [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Lough Skean ==
{{teideal iodálach}}
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''''' Lough Skean'''''&lt;ref name=EPA/&gt; suite go formhór i g[[Contae Ros Comáin]] le cuid bheag i g[[Contae Shligigh]].

== Tíreolaíocht 
Tá '' Lough Skean '' {{convert|2|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|15|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó {{h|Droim Seanbhó}} agus gar den tsráidbhaile {{h|Béal Átha Fearnáin}}.

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=19 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 13 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Skean, Lough}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ros Comáin]]
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Shligigh]]

{{síol-tír-ie}}

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
# ''[[Lough Skean]]
#* [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]''
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
#* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]''
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
#* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Chluain na Cloiche ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

''' Loch Chluain na Cloiche'''&lt;ref name=logainm/&gt;&lt;ref name=EPA/&gt; is a [[freshwater]] lake in the northwest of Ireland.  It is located in south [[Contae Shligigh]] and forms part of the course of the [[Owenmore River (County Sligo)|Owenmore River]].

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Chluain na Cloiche measures about {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} wide.  It lies about {{convert|30|km|0}} south of [[Sligeach]] and {{convert|7|km|1|abbr=on}} west of [[Ballymote]].

== Stair an dúlra 
'' Fish present in Loch Chluain na Cloiche include [[lua]].&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt; 

'' A number of duck species winter in the area of the lake including [[Eurasian teal|teal]], [[Eurasian wigeon|wigeon]], [[mallard]], [[tufted duck]] agus [[common goldeneye|goldeneye]].  [[Wader]] bird species include [[northern lapwing|lapwing]], [[Eurasian curlew|curlew]] and [[Greater white-fronted goose|Greenland white-fronted goose]].  Other bird species found in the area of the lake include [[mute swan]] and [[great crested grebe]].&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

'' Cloonacleigha Lough is part of the Templehouse and Loch Chluain na Cloiche [[List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland#Sligo|Special Area of Conservation]] as a hard water lake habitat.&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí
{{reflist | refs =

https://www.logainm.ie/112024.aspx

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=16 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 10 | publisher = [[Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/northwest/ballymote.htm | title = The Great Pike Waters of Ireland | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 25 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=NPWS&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000636.pdf | title = Templehouse and Cloonacleigha Loughs SAC | publisher = [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)]] | access-date = 25 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

}}

[[Category:Lakes of County Sligo|Cloonacleigha]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
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|last=Joyce
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}}

*{{cite thesis
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*{{cite report
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|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
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|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
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|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
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|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
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|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
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|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
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|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
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}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
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|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
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}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
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|last=McCabe
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|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]''
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
#* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Chluain na Cloiche ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Chluain na Cloiche'''&lt;ref name=logainm/&gt;&lt;ref name=EPA/&gt; suite i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Shligigh}}, ar chúrsa na [[Abhainn Mhór, Contae Shligigh|hAbhann Móire]].

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Chluain na Cloiche measures about {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} wide.  It lies about {{convert|30|km|0}} south of [[Sligeach]] and {{convert|7|km|1|abbr=on}} west of [[Ballymote]].

== Stair an dúlra 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Chluain na Cloiche, tá [[liús]].&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt; 

'' A number of duck species winter in the area of the lake including [[Eurasian teal|teal]], [[Eurasian wigeon|wigeon]], [[mallard]], [[tufted duck]] agus [[common goldeneye|goldeneye]].  [[Wader]] bird species include [[northern lapwing|lapwing]], [[Eurasian curlew|curlew]] and [[Greater white-fronted goose|Greenland white-fronted goose]].  Other bird species found in the area of the lake include [[mute swan]] and [[great crested grebe]].&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

'' Cloonacleigha Lough is part of the Templehouse and Loch Chluain na Cloiche [[List of Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland#Sligo|Special Area of Conservation]] as a hard water lake habitat.&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí
{{reflist | refs =

https://www.logainm.ie/112024.aspx

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=16 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 10 | publisher = [[Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/northwest/ballymote.htm | title = The Great Pike Waters of Ireland | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 25 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=NPWS&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000636.pdf | title = Templehouse and Cloonacleigha Loughs SAC | publisher = [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)]] | access-date = 25 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

}}

[[Category:Lakes of County Sligo|Cloonacleigha]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
      <sha1>82majx6irwve68ohsitvbfwosp2g6d4</sha1>
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[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]''
# [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
#* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Chluain na Cloiche ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Chluain na Cloiche'''&lt;ref name=logainm/&gt;&lt;ref name=EPA/&gt; suite i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Shligigh}}, ar chúrsa na [[Abhainn Mhór, Contae Shligigh|hAbhann Móire]].

== Tíreolaíocht 
Tá Loch Chluain na Cloiche {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|30|km|0}} ó dheas de {{h|Sligeach}} agus {{convert|7|km|1|abbr=on}} laistiar de [[Baile an Mhóta (Sligeach)|Bhaile an Mhóta]].

== Stair an dúlra 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Chluain na Cloiche, tá [[liús]].&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt; 

Caitheann roinnt speicis lachan an geimhreadh ar an loch, san áireamh [[praslacha]], [[rualacha]], [[mallard]], [[lacha bhadánach]] agus [[órshúileach]].  Tá ann fosta [[lapaire|lapairí]], ina measc [[pilibín]], [[crotach]] agus [[gé bhánéadanach]].  Agus i measc éan eile, tá [[eala bhalbh]] agus [[foitheach mór]].&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

Tá an loch lastigh den Templehouse [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Theach an Teampla agus Loch Chluain na Cloiche, mar ghnáthóg uisce crua.&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/112024.aspx | teideal = Loch Chluain na Cloiche | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 5ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=16 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 10 | publisher = [[Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/northwest/ballymote.htm | title = The Great Pike Waters of Ireland | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 25 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=NPWS&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000636.pdf | title = Templehouse and Cloonacleigha Loughs SAC | publisher = [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)]] | access-date = 25 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

}}

[[Category:Lakes of County Sligo|Cloonacleigha]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]''
#* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
#* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Chluain na Cloiche ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Chluain na Cloiche'''&lt;ref name=logainm/&gt;&lt;ref name=EPA/&gt; suite i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Shligigh}}, ar chúrsa na [[Abhainn Mhór, Contae Shligigh|hAbhann Móire]].

== Tíreolaíocht 
Tá Loch Chluain na Cloiche {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|30|km|0}} ó dheas de {{h|Sligeach}} agus {{convert|7|km|1|abbr=on}} laistiar de [[Baile an Mhóta (Sligeach)|Bhaile an Mhóta]].

== Stair an dúlra 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Chluain na Cloiche, tá [[liús]].&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt; 

Caitheann roinnt speicis lachan an geimhreadh ar an loch, san áireamh [[praslacha]], [[rualacha]], [[mallard]], [[lacha bhadánach]] agus [[órshúileach]].  Tá ann fosta [[lapaire|lapairí]], ina measc [[pilibín]], [[crotach]] agus [[gé bhánéadanach]].  Agus i measc éan eile, tá [[eala bhalbh]] agus [[foitheach mór]].&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

Tá an loch lastigh den Templehouse [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Theach an Teampla agus Loch Chluain na Cloiche, mar ghnáthóg uisce crua.&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/112024.aspx | teideal = Loch Chluain na Cloiche | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 5ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=16 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 10 | publisher = [[Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/northwest/ballymote.htm | title = The Great Pike Waters of Ireland | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 25 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=NPWS&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000636.pdf | title = Templehouse and Cloonacleigha Loughs SAC | publisher = [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)]] | access-date = 25 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

}}

[[Category:Lakes of County Sligo|Cloonacleigha]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]''
#* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag Loch]]
#* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]''
#* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]]
#* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]''
#* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]]
#* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Breaclaí ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é '''Loch Breaclaí''' suite i g[[Chontae an Chabháin Cavan]], raibh thiar den bhóthar [[N87]].  Sreabhann an feeds into the [[River Blackwater, County Cavan]] áfach as an loch.
&lt;ref name=fii /&gt;

== Fiadhúlra  
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Breaclaí, tá [[liús]], [[róiste]] agus [[bran (iasc)|bran]].&lt;ref name=aia /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=fii&gt;{{lua idirlín  | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballyconnell.htm | teideal = An angler's guide to the best fishing in Ireland | foilsitheoir = Fishing in Ireland}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=aia&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.activeirishangling.com/course-angling-features/cavan/9-uncategorised/314-come-to-bawnboy.html | teideal = Come to Bawnboy | author = Dave | foilsitheoir = Active Irish Angling | dátarochtana = 2016-01-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094540/http://www.activeirishangling.com/course-angling-features/cavan/9-uncategorised/314-come-to-bawnboy.html | archive-date = 2016-03-04 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Breaclai, Loch}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chabháin]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]''
#* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]]
#* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Breaclaí ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é '''Loch Breaclaí'''&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt; suite i g[[Contae an Chabháin]], raibh thiar den bhóthar [[N87]].  Sreabhann an [[Abhainn Dubh, Contae an Chabháin|Abhainn Dubh]] amach as an loch.&lt;ref name=fii /&gt;

== Fiadhúlra  
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Breaclaí, tá [[liús]], [[róiste]] agus [[bran (iasc)|bran]].&lt;ref name=aia /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí
{{reflist | refs =
&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/3919.aspx | teideal = An Bhreaclaigh (baile fearainn) | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=fii&gt;{{lua idirlín  | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballyconnell.htm | teideal = An angler's guide to the best fishing in Ireland | foilsitheoir = Fishing in Ireland}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=aia&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.activeirishangling.com/course-angling-features/cavan/9-uncategorised/314-come-to-bawnboy.html | teideal = Come to Bawnboy | author = Dave | foilsitheoir = Active Irish Angling | dátarochtana = 2016-01-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094540/http://www.activeirishangling.com/course-angling-features/cavan/9-uncategorised/314-come-to-bawnboy.html | archive-date = 2016-03-04 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Breaclai, Loch}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chabháin]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]''
#* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]]
#* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch na Breaclaí ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é '''Loch na Breaclaí'''&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt; suite i g[[Contae an Chabháin]], raibh thiar den bhóthar [[N87]].  Sreabhann an [[Abhainn Dubh, Contae an Chabháin|Abhainn Dubh]] amach as an loch.&lt;ref name=fii /&gt;

== Fiadhúlra  
I measc na n-iasc i Loch na Breaclaí, tá [[liús]], [[róiste]] agus [[bran (iasc)|bran]].&lt;ref name=aia /&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí
{{reflist | refs =
&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/3919.aspx | teideal = An Bhreaclaigh (baile fearainn) | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=fii&gt;{{lua idirlín  | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballyconnell.htm | teideal = An angler's guide to the best fishing in Ireland | foilsitheoir = Fishing in Ireland}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=aia&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.activeirishangling.com/course-angling-features/cavan/9-uncategorised/314-come-to-bawnboy.html | teideal = Come to Bawnboy | author = Dave | foilsitheoir = Active Irish Angling | dátarochtana = 2016-01-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094540/http://www.activeirishangling.com/course-angling-features/cavan/9-uncategorised/314-come-to-bawnboy.html | archive-date = 2016-03-04 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Breaclai, Loch na}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chabháin]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]''
#* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]]
#* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]''
#* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]]
#* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Mám Aodha ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}


'' ''' Loch Mám Aodha'''&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt;&lt;ref name=EPA /&gt; is a freshwater lake in the [[Conamara]] area of [[Contae na Gaillimhe]].

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Mám Aodha is about {{convert|2|km|1}} north of [[An Teach Dóite]] and by the [[R336]] road. The lake drains to the south and is part of the [[Loch Coirib]] catchment.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

== Stair an dúlra 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Mám Aodha, tá [[bradán]], [[breac donn]], [[bodairlín]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil. '' [[garmachán]] have sometimes been found in the lake.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

Tá an loch laistigh den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] '' Maumturk Mountains.  This SAC also includes [[Loch Sindile]].&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1375240.aspx | teideal = Loch Mám Aodha | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=18 | teideal = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | dáta = 2006 | leathanaigh = 12 | foilsitheoir = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | dátarochtana = 14ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Maumwee_report_2013.pdf | teideal = Fish Stock Survey of Maumwee Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = Lúnasa 2013 | dátarochtana = 14ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=NPWS&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.npws.ie/protected-sites/sac/002008 | teideal = Maumturk Mountains SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | dátarochtana = 14ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mám Aodha, Loch}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae na Gaillimhe]]


{{Galway-geo-stub}}

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
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|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]''
#* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]]
#* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Mám Aodha ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}


Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Mám Aodha'''&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt;&lt;ref name=EPA /&gt; suite i g[[Conamara]], [[Contae na Gaillimhe]].

== Tíreolaíocht 
Tá Loch Mám Aodha tuairim is {{convert|2|km|1}} ó thuaidh den [[An Teach Dóite|Teach Dóite]] gar den bhóthar [[R336]] road.  Ritheann an loch amach ó dheas mar chuid d'abhantrach [[Loch Coirib]].&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

== Stair an dúlra 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Mám Aodha, tá [[bradán]], [[breac donn]], [[bodairlín]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.  Faightear an scaití [[garmachán]] chomh maith.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

Tá an loch laistigh den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Shléibhte Mhám Toirc.  Tá ann fosta sa limistéar [[Loch Sindile]].&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1375240.aspx | teideal = Loch Mám Aodha | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=18 | teideal = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | dáta = 2006 | leathanaigh = 12 | foilsitheoir = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | dátarochtana = 14ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Maumwee_report_2013.pdf | teideal = Fish Stock Survey of Maumwee Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = Lúnasa 2013 | dátarochtana = 14ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=NPWS&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.npws.ie/protected-sites/sac/002008 | teideal = Maumturk Mountains SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | dátarochtana = 14ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mám Aodha, Loch}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae na Gaillimhe]]

{{síol-tír-ie}}

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]]
# ''[[Clea Lake]]''
#* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]]
#* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]])
# ''[[Clea Lake]]''
#* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]]
#* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]])
# ''[[Clea Lake]]''
#* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]]
#* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair ==
:'' Féach freisin: [[Loch Mac nÉan]]
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is [[loch]] roinnte idir na contaetha [[Contae Fhear Manach|Fear Manach]], [[Contae an Chabháin|an Cabháin]] agus [[Contae Liatroma]] é '''Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair'''.&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt;

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1166387 | teideal = Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair/Lough Macnean Lower or Lough Nilly | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 2023-06-22 | teanga = ga | work = [[Logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{síol-tír-ie}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mac nEan Uachtair, Loch}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Fhear Manach]]
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chabháin]]
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]])
# ''[[Clea Lake]]''
#* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]]
#* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair ==
:'' Féach freisin: [[Loch Mac nÉan]]
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is [[loch]] roinnte idir na contaetha [[Contae Fhear Manach|Fear Manach]], [[Contae an Chabháin|an Cabháin]] agus [[Contae Liatroma]] é '''Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair'''.&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1166387 | teideal = Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair/Lough Macnean Lower or Lough Nilly | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 2023-06-22 | teanga = ga | work = [[Logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{síol-tír-ie}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mac nEan Uachtair, Loch}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Fhear Manach]]
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chabháin]]
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
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__NOTOC__
[ [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn/Tionscadal|Tionscadal]] ]

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]&lt;!--
:[[Catagóir:Lochanna na hÉireann|]
:[[Catagóir:Tíreolaíocht Chontae |Loch]--&gt;
* Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire), Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann, [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Trophic state index|Trophic state index]]'' - [[Innéacs Staide Trófach]
# ''[[:en:Coordination of Information on the Environment|Coordination of Information on the Environment]]'' - [[Comhordú an Eolais ar an Timpeallacht]]
# ''[[:en:Raised bog|Raised bog]]'' - [[Portach ardaithe]]
# ''[[:en:Waterways Ireland|Waterways Ireland]]'' - [[Uiscebhealaí Éireann]]
# ''[[:en:Sliabh an Iarainn|Sliabh an Iarainn]]'' -&gt; [[Sliabh an Iarainn]]

== Lochanna ==
# [[Lochanna Chill Airne]]
#* [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]], [[An Loch Uachtarach]], [[Loch an Chuais]], [[Loch an Leaca Mór]], [[Loch an Leamhnachta]], [[Locha Lua]], [[Loch an Easaird]], [[Loch an Eanaigh Mhóir]], [[Loch an Iúir (loch)|Loch an Iúir]], ''[[Ardderry Lough]]''=[[ Loch na nArd-doiriú]], [[Loch Arbhach]], [[Loch an tSéideáin]], [[Loch an Tóraic]], [[Loch Eachros Beag]], [[Loch Bhaile Uí Chuirc]], [[Loch Bhaile na hInse]], [[Loch Beara]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Droim Dhá Thiar)]], [[Loch Bhéal Trá]], [[Loch Buinne]], [[Loch Charraig an Droichid]]
# [[Carraig an Phoirt]]
#* [[Loch Bhaile Choille Fóir]], [[Loch Bhaile na hUamha]], [[Loch Oileán Uí Eadhna]], [[Loch Conbhuí]], [[Loch Chrathaí]], [[Loch Raithin]], [[Loch Collán]], [[Loch Choileáin Uí Shíoda]], [[Loch Cútra]], [[An Loch Uachtair]], [[Loch Dhoire an Chláir]], [[Loch Dúlocha]], [[Loch an Chlocháin Léith]], [[Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn]], [[Loch Gabhlach]], [[Loch Iascaí]], [[Loch Eirid]], [[Loch Fí]], [[Loch Fearna]],  [[Loch na Foirnéise]], [[Loch Fionnmhaí]], [[Loch Gartáin]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Bhig]], [[Loch an Ghleanna Mhóir]], [[Loch Ghleann Éada]], [[Loch Ghleann an Chairthe]], [[Loch Ghleann Dá Loch]], [[Loch Eidhneach]], [[Loch Inse Chrónáin]], [[Loch Inse Uí Chuinn]], [[Loch Inis Cara]] (taiscumar), [[Loch Oileán Éadaí]]
# [[Loch Cheis Charraigín]]
#* [[Loch Chill Ghlais]], [[Loch Choill an Iúir]], [[Loch Cinnéile]], [[Loch Chionn Droma]], [[Loch na Coille Móire]], [[Loch Leitir Creamha Rua]], [[Loch an Chrainn Chrín]], [[Loch Mac nÉan]], [[Loch Marbh]], [[Loch Mháimín]], [[Loch Míle]],  [[Loch Míolach]], [[Loch Moirne]], [[Loch Mhuiceanach]], [[Loch Mucnú]], [[Loch na Cuinge Uachtarach]], [[Loch Uí Fhloinn]], [[Loch Riach]], [[Claonloch, Contae Liatroma (Maothail)]], [[Loch an Rois]], [[Loch an Scoir]], [[Loch Sindile]], [[Loch Eoin]], [[Loch Sáile]], [[Loch Theach an Teampla]], [[Turlach Ráth Asáin]]
# [[Locha Chluain Í]]
# [[Loch Dhrom Mór]]
# [[Loch Dhoirinse]]
# [[Loch an Ghleanna]]
# [[Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair]]
# [[Loch Mám Aodha]]
# [[Loch na Breaclaí]] (~[[Loch Breaclaigh]])
# ''[[Clea Lake]]''
#* [[Loch Chluain na Cloiche]]
# [[Loch Dhroim Dhá Liag]]
#* ''[[Lough Skean]]'', [[Loch Sceithí Uachtair]], [[Loch an Urláir]], [[An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin]]

== Loch Charraig an Phoirt ==
{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}}{{sfn|anglingireland}}

''' Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''{{sfn|logainm.ie|pp=Carraig an Phoirt}}{{sfn|Joyce|1913|pp=173}} is a [[fionnuisce]] lake in [[Cill Tubraid]] parish, south [[Contae Liatroma]]. [[Droim Conga]] village and [[Loch an Scoir]] lie nearby. 

'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt is known for quality bream and pike fishing.{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}} The ecology of the lake and other county waterways, is threatened by [[Lagarosiphon major|curly waterweed]], [[zebra mussel]], and [[Freshwater bivalve|freshwater clam]] invasive species.{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}

== Tíreolaíocht 
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt lough is located due west of Droim Conga village and Loch an Scoir.  It is surrounded by high lands and bounded by the [[townlands]] of Drumbullog, Corderry (Morton), Carrickaport, Mullaghycullen, Drumcong, and Roscarban. 

The lake has an [[hourglass]] shape with a surface-area of about {{convert|0.46|km2|1}},{{sfn|Haug|2011|pp=35}}{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} and depths of {{convert|7|m|1}}.{{sfn|anglingireland}} The level of Carrickaport lough is about {{convert|1|foot|1}} higher than Lough Scur, and a small stream of {{convert|500|m|1}} length running through Drumcong connects both lakes.{{sfn|MacMahon|1845|pp=23}} 

The [[substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] consists of rock (15%), cobble (70%), gravel (10%) and sand (5%).{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Éiceolaíocht 
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Charraig an Phoirt, tá hibridí [[róiste]]-[[bran (iasc)|brain]], [[péirse]], bran féin, róiste féin agus [[liús]] dúchasach (ní gailliasc{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}).{{sfn|discoverireland.ie|2017}} 

Carrickaport Lough is reed-fringed,{{sfn|anglingireland}} with approximately one fifth of [[Substrate (aquatic environment)|substrate]] vegetation being [[Schoenoplectus lacustris|common club-rush]] and [[Potamogeton illinoensis|Potamogeton pondweed]].{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

'' The water quality was reported to be satisfactory {{nobreak|{{circa|2001|2003}}}} with a [[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|mesotrophic]] rating.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=97}}{{refn|group=n|[[Trophic state index|Trophic states]] of &quot;[[Trophic state index#Oligotrophic|Oligotrophic]]&quot; and &quot;[[Trophic state index#Mesotrophic|Mesotrophic]]&quot; are desirable, but freshwater lakes rated '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Eutrophic]]' or '[[Trophic state index#Eutrophic|Hypertrophic]]' indicates pollution.{{sfn|Clenaghan|Clinton|Crowe|2005|pp=8}}|name=EPAunsatisfactory}}

=== Truailliú 
Following a survey in 2007 the condition of Loch Charraig an Phoirt was reported as &quot;unsatisfactory&quot; with [[algae|Filamentous algae]] present,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} and pollution, along with a serious [[zebra mussel]] infestation, being also reported.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}}{{sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}} 

'' The alien species [[Elodea canadensis]] are also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

=== Crayfish extinction
'' Loch Charraig an Phoirt, with a shallow rocky shore, has some ideal potential [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] habitat,{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}} While a population of [[Austropotamobius pallipes|White-clawed crayfish]] has previously been reported, no specimens were found when last surveyed in 2007.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=66}} Indeed, crayfish are never been found with [[zebra mussel]],{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=30}} and Irish stocks are threatened by non-indigenous crayfish species importation.{{sfn|Reynolds|2011|pp=124}}

===Rare moss
In August 2000 the &quot;{{em|[[List of the mosses of Britain and Ireland|Weissia rostellata]]}}&quot; moss, regarded as a rare species in Ireland,{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=5}} was found growing unshaded to partly-shaded (by grasses and [[Juncus acutiflorus|rushes]]) on the damp clay-mud of a sparsely vegetated ditch beside the lake.{{sfn|Holyoak|2006|pp=8}}

===Other wildlife
The [[Viviparidae|Lister's river snail (Viviparus fasciatus)]] is abundant, and [[Asellidae|hog louse]] is also present.{{sfn|O’Connor|Hayes|O'Keeffe|Lynn|2007|pp=39-40}}

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.townlands.ie/leitrim/leitrim/kiltubbrid/keshcarrigan/drumcong/ | teideal = Drumcong Townland, Co. Leitrim}}
* {{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29308.aspx 
| title = Droim Conga
}}

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Nótaí 
{{reflist | group=n}}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =
}}

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web | author=anglingireland | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballinamoreother.htm | title = Satellite Pike Waters in the Ballinamore and Keshcarrigan area | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}
* {{cite web |title=Carraig an Phoirt |url=https://www.logainm.ie/29317.aspx |pages=Archival records |ref={{sfnref|logainm.ie}} }}
*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Gazetteer of Ireland
|volume=Til Opplysning, A series of papers from the University Library in Trondheim, Nummer 16
|publisher=UBiT, Universitetsbiblioteket i Trondheim
|location=Hommelvik
|edition=Second
|year=2011
|first=Per Ivar 
|last=Haug
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz1Sdt07UKt1ZjdhMjYyNzktMTQ3My00YjdlLWFkNGMtZDQ5ZjViMTFhYzA4/view
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Weissia rostellata (Brid) Lindb.
|publisher=Plantlife
|year=2006
|last=Holyoak
|first=David Thomas
|url=http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uploads/documents/Weissia__rostellata.pdf#page=8
}}
*{{cite news
 |title        = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper    = Leitrim Observer
 |url          = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year         = 1970
 |author       = Leitrim Observer
 |access-date  = 29 January 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/#
 |archive-date = 2 February 2017
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Correspondence relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Monitoring of white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in Irish lakes in 2007
|volume=Irish Wildlife Manuals No. 37
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local government
|first1=William
|last1=O’Connor
|first2=Gerard
|last2=Hayes
|first3=Ciaran
|last3=O'Keeffe
|first4=Deirdre
|last4=Lynn
|year=2007
|url=https://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/IWM37.pdf
}}
*{{cite conference
|title=White-Clawed Crayfish in Ireland - under increasing threat
|first=Julian D.
|last=Reynolds
|editor1=Rees M
|editor2=Nightingale J
|editor3=Holdich DM
|year=2011
|conference=Species Survival: Securing white-clawed crayfish in a changing environment.
|pages=120–128
|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261633453
}}
*{{cite journal
|title=Genetic structure of pike (Esox lucius) reveals a complex and previously unrecognized colonization history of Ireland
|last1=Pedreschi
|first1=D.
|last2=Kelly-Quinn
|first2=M.
|last3=Caffrey
|first3=J
|last4=O'Grady
|first4=M.
|last5=Mariani
|first5=S.
|last6=Phillimore
|first6=A.
|journal=Journal of Biogeography|volume=41|issue=3|pages=548–560
|doi=10.1111/jbi.12220|doi-access=free
|year=2014
|pmid=25435649
|pmc=4238397
}}
*{{cite web
|title=Coarse Angling Keshcarrigan
|url=http://www.discoverireland.ie/Activities-Adventure/coarse-angling-keshcarrigan/71448
|year=2017
|author=discoverireland.ie
}}
*{{cite report
|title=Phosphorus Regulations National Implementation Report
|year=2005
|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Enforcement
|first1=Conor
|last1=Clenaghan
|first2=Frank
|last2=Clinton
|first3=Matthew
|last3=Crowe
|url=https://www.epa.ie/pubs/reports/water/phosphorus/EPA_phosphorus_report_2005.pdf
}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carraig an Phoirt, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]

== Loch an Scoir (Oidhreacht) ==
== Oidhreacht 
[[Íomhá:Lake dwelling.jpg|thumb|[[Crannóg]]]]

=== Stone Age
[[Mesolithic]] hunter-gatherers may have frequented Lough Scur sometime {{nobreak|{{circa|8,000|4000}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}.{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|The Mesolithic period began about 11,660 years [[Before Present|BP]] ending with the introduction of farming.|group=n|name=mesolithicPeriod}} Archaeological finds from Lough Scur include five [[Lithic flake]]s, a polished [[shale]] [[axe]], a [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, and a piece of leather under a dugout [[canoe]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}{{refn|group=n|The term &quot;roughout&quot; means a work produced in rough or preliminary form.|name=roughout}} The leather and canoe are not dated, but the flakes are probably [[Mesolithic]].{{sfn|Driscoll|2006|pp=229}}

Raftery (1957) claimed small [[Stone Age]] [[crannog]]s were observed at Lough Scur. The pre-Bronze Age material were described as flat, circular sites of stones, 6-10m in diameter and 400&amp;nbsp;cm above the lake mud. The interiors often consisted of brushwood, irregularly sized stones and sometimes horizontal timbers, some charred. Charred animal bones were found on the surface,{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=130}}  indicating swine (wild boar, domestic pig) and oxen were part of the diet.{{sfn|Wilde|1854|pp=332}}

=== Bronze Age
[[File:Lough-Scur Stone Mould.png|thumb|Stone Mould recovered from Lough-Scur [[Crannog]]]]
There was a [[Bronze Age]] [[human settlement]] at Lough-Scur {{nobreak|{{circa|4,000|2,500}}[[Anno Domini|BC]]}}. The &quot;{{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}&quot; is a triangular coarse block of white [[sandstone]] found on the Lough-Scur [[crannog]],{{sfn|Fredengren|2013|pp=194}} bearing matrices for casting Copper and Bronze flat axes or spear-heads,{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=370}}{{sfn|Coffey|1913|pp=9}} and containing three moulds, one flat axe and one looped [[Palstave]] on obverse, with one flat axe on reverse.{{sfn|Callander|1904|pp=492}}{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} These were fashioned before the lake dwellers became familiar with the use of [[Iron]] sourced from [[Sliabh an Iarainn]] for example.{{sfn|Dalton|1923|pp=63}} The illustration shows the side with moulds for a plain [[Celt (tool)]] {{nobreak|7.5cm long}} and for a [[Celt (tool)|Celt]] {{nobreak|10cm long}} with cross strop and ring.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}} The mould is part of the Royal Irish Academy's Collection.

=== Iron Age
Lough Scur contains five or six [[crannog]]s (artificial lake dwellings).{{sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970|pp=3}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=xliii}} Pre-Celtic archaeological remains from Lough Scur are preserved by the [[Royal Irish Academy]] museum and [[National Museum of Ireland – Archaeology|National Museum of Ireland]]-
* Five [[Lithic flake]]s, [[shale]] [[axe]], [[Diabase|dolerite]] [[axe]] roughout, piece of leather.{{refn|The Lough Scur [[canoe]] was probably destroyed. Wilde (1861) complained of the poor preservation of dugout boat discoveries, noting many had been broken up for firewood since their recovery.{{sfn|O'Sullivan|2004|pp=345}}|group=n|name=WildeComplaint}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur Stone Mould}}.{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=72}}{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
* The {{em|Lough-Scur [[Quern-stone]]}}, perhaps the largest example in Ireland, discovered on the [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Wood-Martin|1886|pp=242}}
* The [[Kiltubrid Shield]] discovered on Kiltubrid townland nearby Lough Scur.
* The [[Keshcarrigan Bowl]] discovered in the canal between Lough Scur and [[Lough Marrave]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lix}}
* Approximately one cask of bones found on Lough Scur [[crannog]].{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}
&lt;!--
===Aghascur Druid's Altar
[[File:Standing Stones nr. Keshcarrigan Co. Leitrim - geograph.org.uk - 381506.jpg|thumb|Aghascur, Lough Scur at back.]]
An ancient stone monument, probably a Druids Altar,{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=xvii}} is prominently located 400 yards south of the lake in a sloping pasture anciently named {{Irish place name|Aghascur|field of the Scur}}.{{sfn|Loch an Scoir|pp=Archival records}} Set against the spectacular backdrop of Lough Scur and [[Slieve Anierin]], it is marked &quot;Dermot and Grania's Bed&quot; on some maps.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=84}} Although two erect stones at the south have certainly been artificially set upright, this anomalous monument is extremely doubtful and, on the evidence, cannot be accepted as a [[Megalith#Tombs|megalithic tomb]], but rather an attempt to split a rock outcrop from underlying bedrock.{{sfn|De Valera|O'Nuallain|1972|pp=85}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp}} It may have been a [[Druid]]s altar before [[Christianity]]. There is also a [[Cist]] located here.

===Castle O'Connor
In 1265AD, [[Aedh mac Felim Ó Conchobair]] constructed a fortified &quot;castle&quot; at Loch Scur.{{sfn|Hazard|2012|pp=1}}{{refn|group=n|name=camp|Aghascur ('field of the camp' according to O'Donovan) is marked as Lough Scur ('lake of the camp') on modern maps. It is possible O'Connor of Connacht maintained his regiment at Aghascur ('field of the camp') {{nobreak|{{circa|1265AD}}}} to defend the Conmaicne of south Leitrim from Norman conquest.}} Defending the [[Conmhaícne]] of [[Muintir Eolais]] from Norman conquest was a military objective, and {{nobreak|in 1270AD}} his Lough Scur regiment and Conmhaicne forces both participated in the decisive [[Battle of Áth an Chip]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Castle of Lough Scur
[[Crannog]]s occurred at Lough Scur through the [[Middle Ages]],{{sfn|British Museum|1904|pp=143}} and the [[Irish Annals]] allude to a fortified [[crannog]] at Lough Scur.

* &quot;1346: {{em|Four sons of Cathal, son of Mag Raghnaill the Blind-eye, were taken prisoners on Loch-in-sguir by Concobur Mag Raghnaill. And Tomaltach Mag Raghnaill took them with him to Caisel-Coscraigh and they were killed there, the saddest tale that was done in that time}}.{{sfn|Bambury|Beechinor|2003|pp=U1343.3}}
* &quot;1390: {{em|Manus O'Rourke, who had been imprisoned by O'Reilly in the castle of Lough Oughter, made his escape from it, and went to the castle of Lough-an Scuir; but the Clann-Murtough, being informed of this by his betrayers, they slew him as he was coming ashore out of a cot.{{sfn|O'Donovan|1856|pp=M1390.4}}}}

In the 19th century, a portion of a heavy oak-frame, with mortices and cheeks cut into it, was found on a [[crannog]] here.{{sfn|Mulvany|Fraser|Roberts|Mulvany|1852|pp=lx}}{{sfn|Munro|1890|pp=365}}

===Castle Sean
{{See also|Muintir Eolais|Mac Raghnaill}}
{{nobreak|In 1570}} Sean Reynolds built a '[[Castle]]' at Gowly [[townland]] on a peninsula called Castle Island.{{sfn|Meehan|1906|pp=144}}{{refn|group=n|The suggestion by Grose Castle Sean was erected by O’Rourke,{{sfn|Grose|1795|pp=91}} is unfounded.|name=GroseWrongRourke}} Castle John was three stories high and surrounded by good rock land. Between {{nobreak|{{circa|1570|1729}}}} Castle Sean was residence to Sean Reynolds (d. 1619), Humphrey his son (d. 1661), Sean his grandson (captured and probably executed during the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]]) and another grandson James (d. 1729), {{refn|James's son, George Nugent Reynolds Senior, who probably never lived at Castle Sean, was shot and killed by Robert Keon on the morning of October 16, 1786. Keon was tried and executed in 1788 for murder.|group=n|name=KeonShotReynolds}} who probably abandoned the Castle during his lifetime. Dilapidated ruins of '''Castle Sean''' ({{langx|ga|Caisleán Seóin}}) remain today, but are not preserved as [[National Monument (Ireland)|national monument]], [[tourism|tourist]], or [[Heritage sites (Republic of Ireland)|heritage]] site.{{sfn|National Monuments Service|2009|pp=1}} Some of the building collapsed {{nobreak|{{circa|1908}}}} but was repaired by a heritage preservation society.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}}

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Castle John c. 1791.png|Castle Sean c. 1791
Castle John and Prision Island c. 1791.png|Castle &amp; Jail view
Prison Island c. 1791.png|Jail Island c. 1791
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===Prison Island
On 6 April 1605, Sean and his son Humphrey were appointed gaoler of [[county Leitrim]]. They constructed a '[[prison]]' on 'Jail island' ({{langx|ga|Oileán an phriosuiin}}) in Lough Scur. The jail cells were small with holes about six inches in diameter for air.{{sfn|Whelan|1938|pp=385}} Tradition recalls many people being hanged on the island,{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}} and that Sean was killed by a soldier from Longford avenging his sister's death there.{{sfn|Rowley|1937|pp=268}}{{sfn|An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc|1938|pp=321}}  Prison Island was abandoned once [[County Hall, Carrick-on-Shannon|Carrick-on-Shannon gaol]] became established. Dilapidated ruins of the prison remain but are not preserved for heritage.

===Metalworking tradition
A tradition of metalworking at Lough Scur is recorded. Five [[Metalsmith]]s from &quot;Lougheskure&quot; obtained grants of pardons in the Elizabethan [[Fiants]] {{nobreak|{{circa|1583|1586AD}}}}.{{sfn|Rodelez|2014|p=580}}

* Gilla Gruma O'Flynn.
* Charles O'Flynn.
* Toole O'Fenane.
* Teige oge O'Fonan and Eoin O'Finan, named as [[Tinker]] metal workers.
--&gt;&lt;!--
===Book of Lough Scur
In the early 20th century, a book or manuscript titled the &quot;Book of Lough Scur&quot;, on the Reynolds family, supposedly existed in the library of an unidentified deceased person living near Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim.{{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}}

&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;Book of LoughScur - A book or manuscript bearing this title, on the Reynolds family (ancient name MacRannal or Magrannal), County Leitrim, was heard of about three years ago in the neighbourhood of Keshcarrigan, County Leitrim, as having been seen in the library of a gentleman who had died a little while previously; but his name was not ascertained. Materials are being collected for a history of the Reynolds family, and information regarding this book or the loan of it would be much appreciated. [June 1st 1905]&quot;.

[text:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S92ddIdH3UIC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Notes and Queries |date=1905 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; query from [Henry F. Reynolds, 93, Denbigh Street, S.W.]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;blockquote style=&quot; background:#F4F0EC; padding:1em; border:1px solid DarkSeaGreen;&quot;&gt;
&quot;I have never heard of the 'Book of Lough- scur,' but if it be in existence, it will probably be found either in Trinity College or the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin.&quot; [21 Oct 1905]
 
[text: {{sfn|White|1907|pp=429}} response from [Baron Seton of Andria]
&lt;/blockquote&gt;--&gt;

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist | refs =

}}

== References and notes 

* {{cite book | last = Joyce | first = Patrick Weston | authorlink = Patrick Weston Joyce | title = The Geography of the Counties of Ireland | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=S9oHAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA126 | year = 1883 | page = 127 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

* {{cite journal | title = Notes on the Mac Rannals of Leitrim and their Country | journal = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland | last = Meehan | first = Joseph | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m4wxAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA144 | year = 1906 | pages = 144–145 | access-date = 5 Aug 2015 }}

*{{cite report
|title=The Shannon-Erne Navigation Architectural,Engineering and Industrial Heritage 2007
|last=Golden
|first=Anne
|url=http://www.waterwaysireland.org/SiteAssets/Corporate/Heritage%20Surveys/Shannon%20Erne%20Main%20Report%202015.pdf
|year=2007
|publisher=Commissioned by Waterways Ireland and carried out by Headland Archaeology Ltd
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Book of Irish Families, Great &amp; Small
|volume=1 of Families of Ireland Series
|first=Michael C. 
|last=O'Laughlin
|others=Contributor: Irish Genealogical Foundation (US)
|edition=illustrated, digital
|publisher=Irish Roots Cafe
|year=2002
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZt3oGtk1KgC&amp;pg=PA233
|isbn=978-0940134096
}}

*{{cite report
|title=The Diet of Pike in Irish Watercourses
|edition=Layman's Report, Trophic flexibility and diet of pike (Esox lucius L.) in Ireland
|author=Inland Fisheries Ireland
|year=2014
|url=http://www.fisheriesireland.ie/fisheries-management-1/475-the-diet-of-pike-in-irish-watercourses/file
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Leitrim
|volume=National Monuments in State Care: Ownership &amp; Guardianship
|author=National Monuments Service
|year=2009
|publisher=Environment, Heritage and Local Government
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/pdf/monuments-in-state-care-leitrim.pdf#page=5
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Environmental Report, North Western iRBD
|author=iRBD
|year=2008
|publisher=North Western International river basin district (INTERREG)
|volume=Strategic Environmental Assessment for the Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans and Programmes of Measures
|url=http://www.nwirbd.com/dRBMP/EnviroReport_NorthWesterniRBD_02.pdf
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Irish names of places
|volume=v.3
|publisher=Dublin : Phoenix
|last=Joyce
|first=P. W. (Patrick Weston)
|year=1913 
|url=https://archive.org/download/irishnamesofplac03joyc/irishnamesofplac03joyc.pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=Ironworking in late medieval Ireland, c. AD. 1200 to 1600
|last=Rodelez
|first=Paul
|year=2014
|hdl=10468/1944
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Correspondance relative to the navigation between Lough Erne and the River Shannon
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7m8SAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=RA1-PA22
|volume=Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 45
|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office
|year=1845
|last=MacMahon
|first=John
|edition=Digitized 2006 from original in Harvard University
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake-dwellings of Europe: being the Rhind lectures in archaeology for 1888
|last=Munro
|first=Robert
|year=1890
|publisher=London [etc.]: Cassell &amp; company, limited
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofe00munr/lakedwellingsofe00munr.pdf#page=409
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Notes and Queries
|last=White
|first=William
|year=1907
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i2UEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA429
|volume=Tenth series, Vol. VII
|edition=Number 158
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The antiquities of Ireland
|volume=2
|first=Francis
|last=Grose
|year=1795
|publisher=Printed for S. Hooper
|url=https://archive.org/download/antiquitiesofire02gros/antiquitiesofire02gros.pdf#page=349
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The social and Ideological role of Crannogs in Early Medieval Ireland
|last=O'Sullivan
|first=Aidan
|edition=PhD. Thesis
|publisher=Department of Modern History, National University of Ireland, Manooth
|url=http://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5079/1/Aidan_O%27Sullivan_Vol_1_20140624090451.pdf
|year=2004
}}

*{{cite journal
|title=Breifne before the Ui-Bruin
|pages=57–82
|last=Dalton
|first=John P.
|journal=The Breifny Antiquarian Society's Journal
|volume=II |issue=I
|year=1923
|publisher=Cavan: The Anglo Celt, Ltd. Printing Works
|url=http://www.cavanlibrary.ie/file/Local-Studies/Library-Scanned-Docs/Breifny-Antiquarian-Society-Journal-1923-Vol-II-(No%20I,%20II%20&amp;%20III).pdf
}}

*{{cite thesis
|title=The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland.
|last=Driscoll
|first=Killian
|year=2006
|edition=M.Litt. Thesis
|url=http://www.lithicsireland.ie/driscoll_killian_2006_the_early_prehistory_in_the_west_of_ireland_web.pdf#page=243
|publisher=Department of Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The lake dwellings of Ireland: or, Ancient lacustrine habitations of Erin, commonly called crannogs
|last=Wood-Martin
|first=W. G. (William Gregory)
|year=1886
|publisher=Dublin : Hodges, Figgis &amp; co.,; [etc., etc.]
|url=https://archive.org/download/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala/lakedwellingsofi00woodiala.pdf#page=370
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Survey of the Megalithic Tombs of Ireland
|last1=De Valera
|last2=O'Nuallain
|first1=Ruaidhri
|first2=Sean
|url=https://www.archaeology.ie/sites/default/files/media/publications/smi-vol-3-text.pdf
|publisher=Dublin: Published by the Stationery office
|year=1972
|volume=III
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Stone mould for casting flat bronze axes
|url=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_038/38_487_505.pdf#page=6
|last=Callander
|first=J. Graham
|pages=487–505
|volume=Proceedings of the Society
|year=1904
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Crannogs
|last=Fredengren
|first=Christina
|url=http://www.archaeology.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.152303.1382431261!/menu/standard/file/Crannogs.pdf#page=131
|publisher=Stockholm University
|year=2013
}}

*{{cite book
|title=A guide to the antiquities of the Bronze Age
|author=British Museum
|publisher=[Oxford] Trustees of the B.M.
|location=Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities
|year=1904 
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft/bronzeageantiqu00brituoft.pdf#page=175
}}

*{{cite book
|title=The Bronze Age in Ireland
|last=Coffey
|first=George
|year=1913
|publisher=Dublin, Hodges, Figgis, &amp; co., limited; [etc., etc. ]
|url=https://archive.org/download/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft/bronzeageinirela00coffuoft.pdf#page=25
}}

*{{cite book
|title=Glacial Geology and Geomorphology: The Landscapes of Ireland
|first=A. Marshall
|last=McCabe
|edition=illustrated
|publisher=Dunedin
|year=2008
|isbn=978-1903765876
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FvuAAAAMAAJ
}}

*{{cite magazine
|title=The food of the Irish, part II
|magazine=Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Philosophic Review |volume=43 |issue=255
|publisher=Curry
|date=March 1854
|pages=317–333
|first=William
|last=Wilde
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5o6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA332
}}

*{{cite report
|title=Appendix No. V: Notices of Antiquities Presented to the Royal Irish Academy by W. T. Mulvany, Esq., M. R. I. A., on the Part of the Commissioners of Public Works
|first1=W. T. 
|last1=Mulvany
|first2=William
|last2=Fraser
|first3=Samuel
|last3=Roberts
|first4=Thomas J.
|last4=Mulvany
|first5=John
|last5=O'Flaherty
|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume= 5 (1850 - 1853)|pages= xxxi-lxvi
|publisher=Royal Irish Academy
|jstor=20489812
|year=1852
}}

*{{cite report
|title=THE BLACK PIG'S DYKE REGIONAL PROJECT REPORT
|url=http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|year=2014
|publisher=
|first1=C
|last1=O'Drisceoil
|first2=M
|last2=Leenane
|first3=S
|last3=Davis
|first4=B
|last4=Fitzgibbon
|first5=M
|last5=Teehan
|volume=1 of 2
|access-date=2017-02-18
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218224634/http://www.roscommoncoco.ie/en/Services/Heritage/The-Black-Pig%E2%80%99s-Dyke-Regional-Project/Black-Pigs-Dyke-Regional-Project-Project-Report-2014-Volume-1.pdf
|archive-date=2017-02-18
|url-status=dead
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Legend of Lough Scurr 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0224 
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4658446/4656374/4661439
|pages=268–269
|last=Rowley
|first=Thomas
|year=1937
|location=Drumrane, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Local ruins 
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0211
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649693/4647819
|pages=384–5
|last=Whelan
|first=Thomas
|year=1938
|location=Rossy, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Lough Scur
|volume=The Schools’ Collection, Volume 0209
|url=http://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4649685/4646680/4650511
|pages=312
|author=An Clochar, Cara Droma Ruisc
|year=1938
|location=Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim
|publisher=Duchas
|edition=Online
}}

*{{cite news | teideal = Drumcong jamboree and dancing carnival
 |newspaper   = Leitrim Observer
 |url         = https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |year        = 1970
 |author      = Leitrim Observer
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044038/https://irishnewspapers.com/newspage/92165102/
 |archive-date = 2017-02-02
 }}

*{{cite web | teideal = The Annals of Ulster
|first1=Pádraig
|last1=Bambury
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Beechinor
|url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/T100001B.html
|edition=Electronic edition compiled by the CELT Team (2003)
|publisher=CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts: a project of University College Cork College Road, Cork, Ireland—http://www.ucc.ie/celt
|year=2003
}}

*{{cite web | teideal = Annales Dominicani de Roscoman, 1163—1314: Introduction
|last=Hazard
|first=Benjamin
|year=2012
|url=http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100015A/text001.html
|publisher=Corpus of Electronic Texts Edition
}}

== Iascach Intíre Éireann (''Statutory history'') ==
Inland and coastal [[Fishing license#Ireland|fishing rights]] are a form of [[private property]]. The Fisheries (Ireland) Act 1842 established regional Boards of Conservators for regulation and conservation. In 1951 {{lang|ga|Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre Ioncorportha}} (the Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated) was established for publicly owned fisheries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Trust Incorporated |url=http://www.isad.ie/units/view/id/571 |website=Irish State Administration Database |access-date=15 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Fisheries Act 1980 established a Central Fisheries Board, which replaced ''Iontaobhas Iascaigh Intíre'' and the Boards of Conservators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fisheries Act, 1980 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1980/act/1/enacted/en/print#parti-chapv |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=Chapter V: Dissolution of Boards of Conservators and Inland Fisheries Trust |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Inland Fisheries Act 2010 established Inland Fisheries Ireland as a replacement for the Central Fisheries Board.&lt;ref name=&quot;aboutus&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Act 2010 |url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/10/enacted/en/index.html |website=electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB) |access-date=15 August 2018 |page=sec 6, 7, 48, 49 |no-pp=y|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The restructure was partly a cost-saving rationalisation in line with Ireland's [[Post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 austerity measures]], and partly a shift of emphasis from economic exploitation towards environmental stewardship.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Inland Fisheries Bill 2009: Second Stage |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-12-01/35/ |website=Dáil Éireann debate |publisher=[[Oireachtas]] |access-date=15 August 2018 |language=en-ie |date=1 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lochanna Chill Airne ==
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

'' The ''' Lochanna Chill Airne ''' are a scenic attraction located in [[Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne]] near [[Cill Airne]], [[Contae Chiarraí]]]. They consist of three lakes: [[Loch Léin]], [[Loch Mhucrois]] agus [[An Loch Uachtarach]].&lt;ref name=readersnatural /&gt;

== Surroundings 
'' The lakes sit in a low valley some {{Convert|20|m|abbr=on}} above [[sea level]].&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; They are surrounded by the rugged slopes of [[Na Cruacha Dubha]]. Notable mountains in the range include [[Corrán Tuathail]], which, at {{convert|1,038|m}} is Ireland's highest mountain, [[An Sliabh Corcra]], at {{convert|832|m}}, [[An Mhangarta]], at {{convert|843|m}}, and [[Sliabh Torc]], at {{convert|535|m}}.{{fact|date=May 2021}}

'' The [[N71]] from Killarney to [[an Neidín]] passes a viewpoint called [[Ladies View]] which offers a view of the lakes and valleys.  On the occasion of [[Victoria na Ríochta Aontaithe]] visit in 1861, the point was apparently chosen by the queen's [[Lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] as the finest in the land; hence the name.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Loch Léin 
{{príomhalt|Loch Léin}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Leane (pixinn.net).jpg|thumb|Loch Léin]]

'' Loch Léin&lt;ref name=Lakes /&gt;is the largest and northernmost of the three lakes, approximately {{convert|19|km2|acre}} in size.&lt;ref name=park2 /&gt;  It is also the largest body of fresh water in the region.&lt;ref name=Living /&gt;  The [[An Leamhain]] drains Lough Leane to the north-west towards [[Cill Orglan]] and into [[Bá an Daingin]].

'' Leane is dotted with small forested islands, including [[Inis Faithlinn]], which holds the remains of the ruined Innisfallen Abbey.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;  On the eastern edge of the lake, [[Oileán an Rois]], more properly a peninsula, was the site of some of the earliest [[Chalcolithic|Copper Age]] metalwork in [[réamhstair na hÉireann]].&lt;ref name=Brad146 /&gt;  [[Caisleán an Rois]], a 15th-century [[Daingean]], sits on the eastern shore of the lake, north of the Ross Island peninsula.

== Muckross Lake 
{{príomhalt|Loch Mhucrois}}

[[Íomhá:Muckross Lake - geograph.org.uk - 260386.jpg|thumb|'' Muckross Lake viewed from Brickeen Bridge]]

'' Also known as Middle Lake or Torc Lake, Muckross is just south of Lough Lean.&lt;ref name=ballantyne /&gt;  The two are separated by a small peninsula, crossed by a stone arched bridge called Brickeen Bridge.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; It is Ireland's deepest lake, reaching to {{convert|75|m|ft}} in parts.&lt;ref name=foran /&gt;  A paved [[fánaíocht]] trail of approximately {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} circles the lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Upper Lake 
{{príomhalt|An Loch Uachtarach}}

[[Íomhá:Killarney Upper Lake.jpg|thumb|An Loch Uachtarach]]

'' The Upper Lake is the smallest of the three lakes, and the southernmost.  It is separated from the others by a winding channel some {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} long.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

== Béaloideas 
'' According to folklore, the lakes were the haunt of Kate Kearney, who is said to have sought there O'Donaghue, an enchanted chieftain, and to have died in madness.  Kearney is the subject of [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]'s poetical illustration to a view of {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/The Upper Lake of Killarney, Ireland|The Upper Lake of Killarney]]}} by [[William Henry Bartlett]],&lt;ref name=landon /&gt; and in a further Landon poem, {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840/Kate is Craz’d|Kate is Craz'd]]}}, which accompanies a picture by [[Joseph John Jenkins]].&lt;ref name=anLandon2 /&gt;

'' This Kate Kearney should not be confused with the lady who provided refreshment at what is now Kate Kearney's Cottage at the [[Dún Lóich]].

== Gailearaí
[[Íomhá:Ross Castle across the Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|thumb|'' Ross Castle visible across Lough Leane]]

[[Íomhá:Killarney lake.jpg|thumb|'' Brickeen Bridge, where Lough Leane and Muckross Lake meet]]

[[Íomhá:Lakes of Killarney.JPG|thumb|'' The lakes as viewed from Ladies View]]

[[Íomhá:DV405 no.243 Map of the Lakes of Killarney.png|thumb|'' Hand-drawn map of the Lakes by French artist [[Alphonse Dousseau]], between 1830 and 1869]]

[[Íomhá:&quot;Lake surrounded by mountains in an unknown location&quot; (is lakes of Killarney) (26040083492).jpg|thumb|'' Photograph of Upper Lake published by [[Fergus O'Connor (publisher)|Fergus O'Connor]] circa 1920 with commotion in bottom right]]

== Féach freisin 
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Naisc sheachtracha 
* [http://www.killarneynationalpark.ie/ Killarney National Park]
* [http://catalogue.nli.ie/Search/Results?lookfor=lakes+of+killarney&amp;type=AllFields&amp;submit=FIND National Library of Ireland archives for the lakes]
* [http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm Ross Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204054931/http://www.nuigalway.ie/ross_island/ross_island.htm |date=4 February 2012 }}

== Tagairtí 
{{reflist|refs =

&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor-last=Scheffel|editor-first=Richard L.|location=United States of America|pages=204–205|editor-last2=Wernet|editor-first2=Susan J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsjlBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PT406|title=The Rough Guide to Ireland|last=Guides|first=Rough|date=2015-06-09|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9780241236222|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=Lakes&gt;{{cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/%7Eknp/lakes/index.htm |title=The Lakes |last=Dúchas |author-link=Dúchas |access-date=2007-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615233331/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/lakes/index.htm |archive-date=2007-06-15 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=park2&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm |title=Official Killarney National Park Website |date=2007-02-07 |access-date=2017-03-24 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207105247/http://homepage.eircom.net/~knp/sites/index.htm#abb |archive-date=2007-02-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=Living&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|title=Living with Nature: The Designation of Nature Conservation Sites in Ireland|last=The Department of the Environment and Local Government|access-date=2007-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035707/http://www.botanicgardens.ie/gspc/ireland/living.pdf|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;Brad146&quot;&gt;p142-146, Richard Bradley ''The prehistory of Britain and Ireland,'' Cambridge University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-521-84811-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=ballantyne&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgMoAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=muckross+lake&amp;pg=PA37|title=The Lakes of Killarney|last=Ballantyne|first=Robert Michael|date=1865-01-01|publisher=T. Nelson|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=foran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gleannfia.com/lakes.htm|title=Killarney Lakes|last=Enterprise|first=Foran|website=www.gleannfia.com|access-date=2017-03-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=landon&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP64|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PP66|section=poetical illustration|page=17|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=anLandon2&gt;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA6|section=poetical illustration|page=10|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1840|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=5lQFAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=GBS.PA8-IA9|section=picture|year=1839|publisher=Fisher, Son &amp; Co.}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cill Airne, Lochanna}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Chiarraí]]</text>
      <sha1>dea4yhin51z0g00rgvml0qvpoyjvlnd</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>120066</id>
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      <text bytes="1519" sha1="gay2e7movw7geawwrgnoigz4r4seiea" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn,'''
&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt; suite in iarthair {{h|Contae na Gaillimhe}}.&lt;ref name=letsflyfish /&gt;&lt;ref name=fishinginireland /&gt;

== Stair an dúlra ==
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn, tá [[breac geal]], [[breac donn]], [[bradán]] agus [[ruabhreac Artach]].&lt;ref name=EcofactIreland /&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1375378 | teideal = Loch Ghleann Mhac Muirinn | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 7ú Márta 2020 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=letsflyfish&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.letsflyfish.com/glenicmurrin_lough.htm | teideal = Glenicmurrin Lough}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=fishinginireland&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/salmon/west/costello.htm | teideal = Fishing in Ireland}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=EcofactIreland&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://ecofactireland.com/2012/10/18/the-arctic-charr-in-ireland-2/ | teideal = The Arctic Charr in Ireland | work = EcofactIreland | dátarochtana = 2025-06-30 | archivedate = 2016-03-04 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111143/http://ecofactireland.com/2012/10/18/the-arctic-charr-in-ireland-2/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gleann Mhac Muirinn Loch}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae na Gaillimhe]]</text>
      <sha1>gay2e7movw7geawwrgnoigz4r4seiea</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Loch Mac nÉan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>120084</id>
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      <text bytes="5155" sha1="tvx3f5ptmk23a5vzdst85zebj0rewot" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

[[Íomhá:Lough Macnean Upper - geograph.org.uk - 1089807.jpg|thumb|Loch Mac nÉan Uachtaraí]]
[[Íomhá:Lower Lough MacNean.JPG|thumb|Ag breathnú ar Cushrush ar Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair]]

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] mór é ''' Loch Mac nÉan ''' ar an [[Teorainn talún na hÉireann leis an Ríocht Aontaithe|teorainn]] idir [[Éire (Poblacht na hÉireann)|Éire]] agus [[Tuaisceart Éireann]].  Tá dhá chuid aige, Íochtair&lt;ref name=logainm1 /&gt; agus Uachtar.&lt;ref name=logainm2 /&gt;

Is é Loch Íochtair an loch níos lú san oirthear, suite go formhór i g[[Contae Fhear Manach]], le cuid bheag thiar theas i g[[Contae an Chabháin]].  Is é Loch Uachtair an ceann níos mó san iarthar, roinnte idir Fear Manach, Cabhán agus [[Contae Liatroma]].  Ar an stráice caol talún idir an dá loch, tá dhá shráidbhaile, [[Béal Cú]] (Fear Manach) agus [[An Blaic]] (Cabhán).  Tá abhainn ann a sheachadadh eatarthu ag nasctha na locha.&lt;ref name=osi /&gt;
 
Athraíodh cruth an locha sna 1960í nuair a rinneadh obair mhór draenála.  Rinne an obair seo an-dochar do líon [[eascann]] sa loch.

== Oileáin ==
;Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair&lt;ref name=osi/&gt;
* Oileán na bhFraochóg&lt;ref name=logainm3 /&gt;
* '' Garrow (or Buck) Islands
* Inis Caoin
* '' Inishteig
* Coill Rúsgach
* Oileán Phádraig&lt;ref name=logainm8 /&gt;
* Oileán an Phoirt
* Rosscorkey Island&lt;ref name=logainm10 /&gt;
* Tráinis&lt;ref name=logainm11 /&gt;
* Tuaim&lt;ref name=logainm12 /&gt;

;Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair&lt;ref name=osi/&gt;
* Cois Rois&lt;ref name=logainm13 /&gt;
* Inis Aodha&lt;ref name=logainm14 /&gt;

Tá droichid bheaga anois a nascann Cois Rois, Inishteig, Coill Rúsgach agus Rosscorkey leis an mbruach.&lt;ref name=osi/&gt;  

Fuarthas a lán uirlisí [[Cloch thine]] ar Chois Rois, fianaise go raibh lonnaitheoirí ann ón ré {{h|méisiliteach}}.

'' Tá fothracha dhá {{h|crannóg}} ann, ceann amháin i ngach loch.&lt;ref name=osi/&gt;  

== Naisc sheachtracha ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090109054227/http://www.ni-environment.gov.uk/landscape/country_landscape/5.htm The Lough Macnean Valley] – Northern Ireland Environment Agency

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs=

&lt;ref name=logainm1&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.logainm.ie/1166387.aspx | teideal = Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 2a Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=logainm2&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1166388.aspx | teideal = Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 2a Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=logainm3&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29792.aspx | teideal = Oileán na bhFraochóg | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 3ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=logainm8&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29802.aspx | teideal = Oileán Phádraig | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 3ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=logainm10&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/59125.aspx | teideal = Rosscorkey Island | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 3ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=logainm11&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/29804.aspx | teideal = Tráinis | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 3ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=logainm12&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/5561.aspx | teideal = Tuaim | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 3ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=logainm13&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/59176.aspx | teideal = Cushrush Island | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 3ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=logainm14&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/59214.aspx | teideal = Inis Aodha | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 3ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=osi&gt;[http://maps.osi.ie/publicviewer Map Viewer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829114800/http://maps.osi.ie/publicviewer/ |date=2012-08-29 }}, [[Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis na hÉireann]]&lt;/ref&gt; 
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mac nEan, Loch}}
[[Catagóir: Lochanna Chontae Fhear Manach]]
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chabháin]]
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]</text>
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    <title>Thomas Jefferson agus an sclábhaíocht</title>
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[[Íomhá:Run_away_from_the_subscriber_-_Thomas_Jefferson.png|mion| Fógra a chuir Jefferson sa ''Virginia Gazette'' sa bhliain 1767, ag tairiscint luaíochta do cibé duine a thabharfadh a sclábhaí éalaithe ar ais.]]
Bhí níos mó ná 600 sclábhaí ag [[Thomas Jefferson]], an tríú [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe|uachtarán ar Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]], le linn a shaoil aosaigh. Shaor Jefferson beirt sclábhaithe agus é beo, agus saoradh cúigear eile tar éis a bháis, lena n-áirítear beirt dá chlann óna chaidreamh lena sclábhaí (agus a dheirfiúr chéile) Sally Hemings . Ligeadh dá bheirt pháistí eile le Hemings éalú gan aon tóir orthu. Tar éis a bháis, díoladh an chuid eile de na sclábhaithe chun fiacha a eastáit a íoc.

Go príobháideach, ba é ceann de na cúiseanna a bhí ag Jefferson gan níos mó sclábhaithe a shaoradh ná a fhiacha nach beag,  agus ba é an chosaint phoiblí a bhí aige, a léiríodh ina leabhar ''Notes on the State of Virginia'', ná an eagla a bhí air go mbeadh corraíl shibhialta idir daoine geala agus iar-sclábhaithe mar thoradh ar sclábhaithe a shaoradh isteach i sochaí Mheiriceá.


I rith an ama, labhair Jefferson amach i gcoinne [[Trádáil sclábhaithe an Atlantaigh|thrádáil idirnáisiúnta na sclábhaithe]]  agus rinne sé í a eisreachtú le linn dó a bheith ina uachtarán. Mhol sé fuascailt na sclábhaithe, de réir a chéile laistigh de na Stáit Aontaithe agus coilíniú na hAfraice ag Meiriceánaigh Afracacha shaortha..  &lt;ref name=&quot;William Cohen 1969 p. 510&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|first=William|author=Cohen|title=Thomas Jefferson and the Problem of Slavery|journal=Journal of American History|volume=56|issue=3|year=1969|doi=10.2307/1904203|jstor=1904203|url=https://academic.oup.com/jah/article-abstract/56/3/503/680931}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mar sin féin, bhí sé i gcoinne roinnt beart eile chun sclábhaíocht a shrianadh laistigh de na Stáit Aontaithe, agus bhí sé i gcoinne an próiseas trína scaoileann úinéir a sclábhaithe ó dhaoirse go dlíthiúil..

== Blianta tosaigh (1743–1774) ==
[[Íomhá:Thomas_Jefferson's_Monticello_(cropped).JPG|mion| Monticello, a thosaigh Jefferson ag tógáil sa bhliain 1769 i Shadwell, Virginia an lae inniu]]
Rugadh Thomas Jefferson in aicme na bplandálaithe de  &quot;slave society&quot;, mar a shainmhínigh an staraí Ira Berlin, inarbh í an sclábhaíocht an phríomhbhealach táirgthe saothair.  Ba mhac é le Peter Jefferson, sealbhóir sclábhaí agus amhantraí talún mór le rá i Virginia, agus Jane Randolph, gariníon uaisle Shasana agus Albanacha. &lt;ref name=&quot;Thomas Jefferson pg. 214&quot;&gt;{{Cite book-en|first=Thomas|author=Jefferson|title=[[Notes on the State of Virginia]]|year=2002}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa bhliain 1757, nuair a bhí Jefferson 14 bliana d'aois, fuair a athair bás, agus mar sin fuair sé 5,000 acra talún, 52 sclábhaí, beostoc, leabharlann shuntasach a athar, agus muileann mealdair .    Bhí an mhaoin seo faoi smacht a chaomhnóra, John Harvie Sr., ar dtús. &lt;ref name=&quot;Woods&quot;&gt;{{Cite book-en|author=Woods|first=Edgar|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x002672921&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=239&amp;q1=Belmont|title=Albemarle County in Virginia|date=1901|publisher=The Michie Company|location=Charlottesville, Virginia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ghlac sé smacht iomlán ar na réadmhaoine seo ag aois 21.   Sa bhliain 1768, thosaigh Jefferson ag tógáil tí mhóir nua-aoiseach ar a dtugtar Monticello, a raibh radharc aige ar shráidbhaile a iar-theach i Shadwell. &lt;ref name=&quot;Thomas Jefferson pg. 214&quot; /&gt; Mar aturnae, rinne Jefferson ionadaíocht ar dhaoine gorma chomh maith le daoine geala. Sa bhliain 1770, chosain sé sclábhaí óg fireann de chine measctha in agra saoirse, ar an mbonn gur ban gheal agus  saorchlannda a mháthair. De réir dhlí na coilíneachta, ''partus sequitur ventrem'', gur ghlac an leanbh stádas na máthar, níor cheart go mbeadh an fear ina sclábhaí riamh. Chaill sé an cás.</text>
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[[Íomhá:Run_away_from_the_subscriber_-_Thomas_Jefferson.png|mion| Fógra a chuir Jefferson sa ''Virginia Gazette'' sa bhliain 1767, ag tairiscint luaíochta do cibé duine a thabharfadh a sclábhaí éalaithe ar ais.]]
Bhí níos mó ná 600 sclábhaí ag [[Thomas Jefferson]], an tríú [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe|uachtarán ar Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]], le linn a shaoil aosaigh. Shaor Jefferson beirt sclábhaithe agus é beo, agus saoradh cúigear eile tar éis a bháis, lena n-áirítear beirt dá chlann óna chaidreamh lena sclábhaí (agus a dheirfiúr chéile) Sally Hemings . Ligeadh dá bheirt pháistí eile le Hemings éalú gan aon tóir orthu. Tar éis a bháis, díoladh an chuid eile de na sclábhaithe chun fiacha a eastáit a íoc.

Go príobháideach, ba é ceann de na cúiseanna a bhí ag Jefferson gan níos mó sclábhaithe a shaoradh ná a fhiacha nach beag,  agus ba é an chosaint phoiblí a bhí aige, a léiríodh ina leabhar ''Notes on the State of Virginia'', ná an eagla a bhí air go mbeadh corraíl shibhialta idir daoine geala agus iar-sclábhaithe mar thoradh ar sclábhaithe a shaoradh isteach i sochaí Mheiriceá.


I rith an ama, labhair Jefferson amach i gcoinne [[Trádáil sclábhaithe an Atlantaigh|thrádáil idirnáisiúnta na sclábhaithe]]  agus rinne sé í a eisreachtú le linn dó a bheith ina uachtarán. Mhol sé fuascailt na sclábhaithe, de réir a chéile laistigh de na Stáit Aontaithe agus coilíniú na hAfraice ag Meiriceánaigh Afracacha shaortha..  &lt;ref name=&quot;William Cohen 1969 p. 510&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|first=William|author=Cohen|title=Thomas Jefferson and the Problem of Slavery|journal=Journal of American History|volume=56|issue=3|year=1969|doi=10.2307/1904203|jstor=1904203|url=https://academic.oup.com/jah/article-abstract/56/3/503/680931}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mar sin féin, bhí sé i gcoinne roinnt beart eile chun sclábhaíocht a shrianadh laistigh de na Stáit Aontaithe, agus bhí sé i gcoinne an próiseas trína scaoileann úinéir a sclábhaithe ó dhaoirse go dlíthiúil..

== Blianta tosaigh (1743–1774) ==
[[Íomhá:Thomas_Jefferson's_Monticello_(cropped).JPG|mion| Monticello, a thosaigh Jefferson ag tógáil sa bhliain 1769 i Shadwell, Virginia an lae inniu]]
Rugadh Thomas Jefferson in aicme na bplandálaithe de  &quot;slave society&quot;, mar a shainmhínigh an staraí Ira Berlin, inarbh í an sclábhaíocht an phríomhbhealach táirgthe saothair.  Ba mhac é le Peter Jefferson, sealbhóir sclábhaí agus amhantraí talún mór le rá i Virginia, agus Jane Randolph, gariníon uaisle Shasana agus Albanacha. &lt;ref name=&quot;Thomas Jefferson pg. 214&quot;&gt;{{Cite book-en|first=Thomas|author=Jefferson|title=[[Notes on the State of Virginia]]|year=2002}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa bhliain 1757, nuair a bhí Jefferson 14 bliana d'aois, fuair a athair bás, agus mar sin fuair sé 5,000 acra talún, 52 sclábhaí, beostoc, leabharlann shuntasach a athar, agus muileann mealdair. Bhí an mhaoin seo faoi smacht a chaomhnóra, John Harvie Sr., ar dtús. &lt;ref name=&quot;Woods&quot;&gt;{{Cite book-en|author=Woods|first=Edgar|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x002672921&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=239&amp;q1=Belmont|title=Albemarle County in Virginia|date=1901|publisher=The Michie Company|location=Charlottesville, Virginia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ghlac sé smacht iomlán ar na réadmhaoine seo ag aois 21. Sa bhliain 1768, thosaigh Jefferson ag tógáil tí mhóir nua-aoiseach ar a dtugtar Monticello, a raibh radharc aige ar shráidbhaile a iar-theach i Shadwell. &lt;ref name=&quot;Thomas Jefferson pg. 214&quot; /&gt; Mar aturnae, rinne Jefferson ionadaíocht ar dhaoine gorma chomh maith le daoine geala. Sa bhliain 1770, chosain sé sclábhaí óg fireann de chine measctha in agra saoirse, ar an mbonn gur ban gheal agus  saorchlannda a mháthair. De réir dhlí na coilíneachta, ''partus sequitur ventrem'', gur ghlac an leanbh stádas na máthar, níor cheart go mbeadh an fear ina sclábhaí riamh. Chaill sé an cás. Sa bhliain 1772, rinne Jefferson ionadaíocht ar George Manly, mac le saorbhean de dhath, a d'agair ar son na saoirse tar éis a bheith faoi dhintiúr mar sheirbhíseach le trí bliana tar éis a téarma a bheith istigh. (Ag an am seo, bhí coilíneacht Virginia ag ceangal leanaí neamhdhlisteanacha de chine measctha de mhná saora mar sheirbhísigh faoi dhintiúr: go dtí 31 bliain d'aois d'fhir, le téarma níos giorra do mhná.) Nuair a saoradh é, d'oibrigh Manly do Jefferson ag Monticello ar phá.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indenture&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.monticello.org/research-education/thomas-jefferson-encyclopedia/indentured-servants/ |title=Indentured Servants |work=Monticello.org |access-date=25 March 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Once freed, Manly worked for Jefferson at Monticello for wages.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indenture&quot;/&gt;

Sa bhliain 1773, an bhliain tar éis do Jefferson an bhaintreach óg Martha Jefferson a phósadh, fuair a hathair bás. Fuair sí féin agus Jefferson a eastát le hoidhreacht, lena n-áirítear 11,000 acra (4,500 ha), 135 sclábhaí, agus £4,000 de fhiacha. Leis an oidhreacht seo, bhí baint mhór ag Jefferson le teaghlaigh idirchiníocha agus ualach airgeadais. Mar bhaintreach fir, bhí a athair céile John Wayles tar éis a sclábhaí cine measctha Betty Hemings a ghlacadh mar bhean luí agus bhí seisear clainne aige léi le linn a 12 bliain deiridh.bhí glactha a athair - i - dlí John Wayles a sclábhaí measctha - cine Betty Hemings mar concubine agus bhí seisear leanaí léi le linn a 12 bliana dheireanacha.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.monticello.org/research-education/thomas-jefferson-encyclopedia/john-wayles/ |title=John Wayles |work=Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia |publisher=Monticello.org |access-date=10 March 2011 |quote=A December 20, 1802, letter from Thomas Gibbons, a Federalist planter of Georgia, to Jonathan Dayton states that Sally Hemings 'is half sister to his first wife' (Clements Library, University of Michigan). }}&lt;/ref&gt;

D'fhág na hoibrithe éigeantais breise seo gurb é Jefferson an dara úinéir sclábhaithe is mó i Albemarle County. Ina theannta sin, bhí beagnach 16,000 acra talún aige i Virginia. Dhíol sé roinnt daoine chun fiacha eastát Wayles a íoc.&lt;ref name=&quot;Thomas Jefferson pg. 214&quot;/&gt; Ón am seo amach, bhí úinéireacht agus maoirseacht ag Jefferson ar a eastát airnéise mór, go príomha ag Monticello, cé gur fhorbair sé plandálacha eile sa choilíneacht freisin. Thacaigh an sclábhaíocht le saol na haicme ceannais i Virginia.&lt;ref&gt;Halliday (2001), ''Understanding Thomas Jefferson'', p. 143&lt;/ref&gt;

I gcomhar le Monticello, an mórshuíomh staire poiblí ar Jefferson anois, d'oscail an Smithsonian ar an National Mall taispeántas, ''Slavery at Jefferson's Monticello'': ''The Paradox of Liberty'', (Eanáir – Deireadh Fómhair 2012) ag Ard - Mhúsaem Stair Mheiriceá i Washington, D.C.. Phléigh sé Jefferson mar úinéir sclábhaithe agus an tuairim is 600 sclábhaí a bhí ina gcónaí ag Monticello thar na blianta, le fócas ar shé theaghlach sclábhaithe agus a sliocht. Ba é an chéad taispeántas náisiúnta ar an Meal a thug aghaidh ar na ceisteanna seo. I mí Feabhra 2012, d'oscail Monticello taispeántas nua gaolmhar amuigh faoin aer, ''Landscape of Slavery: Mulberry Row at Monticello'', a &quot; ''brings to life the stories of the scores of people—enslaved and free—who lived and worked on Jefferson's 5,000-acre [2,000 ha] plantation''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mulberry Row |url=http://www.slaveryatmonticello.org/mulberry-row |website=Slavery at Monticello |access-date=2012-04-06 |archive-date=2012-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504202143/http://www.slaveryatmonticello.org/mulberry-row |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go gairid tar éis deireadh a chur lena chleachtas dlí sa bhliain 1774, scríobh Jefferson ''A Summary View of the Rights of British America'', a cuireadh faoi bhráid an Chéad Chomhdháil Ilchríochach. Sa tráchtas seo, d'áitigh sé go raibh Meiriceánaigh i dteideal gach ceart a bhain le saoránaigh na Breataine, agus cháin sé Rí Seoirse as údarás áitiúil na gcoilíneachtaí a ghabháil go héagórach. Maidir leis an sclábhaíocht, scríobh Jefferson  ''&quot;The abolition of domestic slavery is the great object of desire in those colonies, where it was unhappily introduced in their infant state. But previous to the enfranchisement of the slaves we have, it is necessary to exclude all further importations from Africa; yet our repeated attempts to effect this by prohibitions, and by imposing duties which might amount to a prohibition, have been hitherto defeated by his majesty's negative: Thus preferring the immediate advantages of a few African corsairs to the lasting interests of the American states, and to the rights of human nature, deeply wounded by this infamous practice.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/jeffsumm.asp|title = Avalon Project - Summary View of the Rights of British America}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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[[Íomhá:Run_away_from_the_subscriber_-_Thomas_Jefferson.png|mion| Fógra a chuir Jefferson sa ''Virginia Gazette'' sa bhliain 1767, ag tairiscint luaíochta do cibé duine a thabharfadh a sclábhaí éalaithe ar ais.]]
Bhí níos mó ná 600 sclábhaí ag [[Thomas Jefferson]], an tríú [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe|uachtarán ar Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]], le linn a shaoil aosaigh. Shaor Jefferson beirt sclábhaithe agus é beo, agus saoradh cúigear eile tar éis a bháis, lena n-áirítear beirt dá chlann óna chaidreamh lena sclábhaí (agus a dheirfiúr chéile) Sally Hemings . Ligeadh dá bheirt pháistí eile le Hemings éalú gan aon tóir orthu. Tar éis a bháis, díoladh an chuid eile de na sclábhaithe chun fiacha a eastáit a íoc.

Go príobháideach, ba é ceann de na cúiseanna a bhí ag Jefferson gan níos mó sclábhaithe a shaoradh ná a fhiacha nach beag,  agus ba é an chosaint phoiblí a bhí aige, a léiríodh ina leabhar ''Notes on the State of Virginia'', ná an eagla a bhí air go mbeadh corraíl shibhialta idir daoine geala agus iar-sclábhaithe mar thoradh ar sclábhaithe a shaoradh isteach i sochaí Mheiriceá.


I rith an ama, labhair Jefferson amach i gcoinne [[Trádáil sclábhaithe an Atlantaigh|thrádáil idirnáisiúnta na sclábhaithe]]  agus rinne sé í a eisreachtú le linn dó a bheith ina uachtarán. Mhol sé fuascailt na sclábhaithe, de réir a chéile laistigh de na Stáit Aontaithe agus coilíniú na hAfraice ag Meiriceánaigh Afracacha shaortha..  &lt;ref name=&quot;William Cohen 1969 p. 510&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|first=William|author=Cohen|title=Thomas Jefferson and the Problem of Slavery|journal=Journal of American History|volume=56|issue=3|year=1969|doi=10.2307/1904203|jstor=1904203|url=https://academic.oup.com/jah/article-abstract/56/3/503/680931}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mar sin féin, bhí sé i gcoinne roinnt beart eile chun sclábhaíocht a shrianadh laistigh de na Stáit Aontaithe, agus bhí sé i gcoinne an próiseas trína scaoileann úinéir a sclábhaithe ó dhaoirse go dlíthiúil..

== Blianta tosaigh (1743–1774) ==
[[Íomhá:Thomas_Jefferson's_Monticello_(cropped).JPG|mion| Monticello, a thosaigh Jefferson ag tógáil sa bhliain 1769 i Shadwell, Virginia an lae inniu]]
Rugadh Thomas Jefferson in aicme na bplandálaithe de  &quot;slave society&quot;, mar a shainmhínigh an staraí Ira Berlin, inarbh í an sclábhaíocht an phríomhbhealach táirgthe saothair.  Ba mhac é le Peter Jefferson, sealbhóir sclábhaí agus amhantraí talún mór le rá i Virginia, agus Jane Randolph, gariníon uaisle Shasana agus Albanacha. &lt;ref name=&quot;Thomas Jefferson pg. 214&quot;&gt;{{Cite book-en|first=Thomas|author=Jefferson|title=[[Notes on the State of Virginia]]|year=2002}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa bhliain 1757, nuair a bhí Jefferson 14 bliana d'aois, fuair a athair bás, agus mar sin fuair sé 5,000 acra talún, 52 sclábhaí, beostoc, leabharlann shuntasach a athar, agus muileann mealdair. Bhí an mhaoin seo faoi smacht a chaomhnóra, John Harvie Sr., ar dtús. &lt;ref name=&quot;Woods&quot;&gt;{{Cite book-en|author=Woods|first=Edgar|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x002672921&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=239&amp;q1=Belmont|title=Albemarle County in Virginia|date=1901|publisher=The Michie Company|location=Charlottesville, Virginia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ghlac sé smacht iomlán ar na réadmhaoine seo ag aois 21. Sa bhliain 1768, thosaigh Jefferson ag tógáil tí mhóir nua-aoiseach ar a dtugtar Monticello, a raibh radharc aige ar shráidbhaile a iar-theach i Shadwell. &lt;ref name=&quot;Thomas Jefferson pg. 214&quot; /&gt; Mar aturnae, rinne Jefferson ionadaíocht ar dhaoine gorma chomh maith le daoine geala. Sa bhliain 1770, chosain sé sclábhaí óg fireann de chine measctha in agra saoirse, ar an mbonn gur ban gheal agus  saorchlannda a mháthair. De réir dhlí na coilíneachta, ''partus sequitur ventrem'', gur ghlac an leanbh stádas na máthar, níor cheart go mbeadh an fear ina sclábhaí riamh. Chaill sé an cás. Sa bhliain 1772, rinne Jefferson ionadaíocht ar George Manly, mac le saorbhean de dhath, a d'agair ar son na saoirse tar éis a bheith faoi dhintiúr mar sheirbhíseach le trí bliana tar éis a téarma a bheith istigh. (Ag an am seo, bhí coilíneacht Virginia ag ceangal leanaí neamhdhlisteanacha de chine measctha de mhná saora mar sheirbhísigh faoi dhintiúr: go dtí 31 bliain d'aois d'fhir, le téarma níos giorra do mhná.) Nuair a saoradh é, d'oibrigh Manly do Jefferson ag Monticello ar phá.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indenture&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.monticello.org/research-education/thomas-jefferson-encyclopedia/indentured-servants/ |title=Indentured Servants |work=Monticello.org |access-date=25 March 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Once freed, Manly worked for Jefferson at Monticello for wages.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indenture&quot;/&gt;

Sa bhliain 1773, an bhliain tar éis do Jefferson an bhaintreach óg Martha Jefferson a phósadh, fuair a hathair bás. Fuair sí féin agus Jefferson a eastát le hoidhreacht, lena n-áirítear 11,000 acra (4,500 ha), 135 sclábhaí, agus £4,000 de fhiacha. Leis an oidhreacht seo, bhí baint mhór ag Jefferson le teaghlaigh idirchiníocha agus ualach airgeadais. Mar bhaintreach fir, bhí a athair céile John Wayles tar éis a sclábhaí cine measctha Betty Hemings a ghlacadh mar bhean luí agus bhí seisear clainne aige léi le linn a 12 bliain deiridh.bhí glactha a athair - i - dlí John Wayles a sclábhaí measctha - cine Betty Hemings mar concubine agus bhí seisear leanaí léi le linn a 12 bliana dheireanacha.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.monticello.org/research-education/thomas-jefferson-encyclopedia/john-wayles/ |title=John Wayles |work=Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia |publisher=Monticello.org |access-date=10 March 2011 |quote=A December 20, 1802, letter from Thomas Gibbons, a Federalist planter of Georgia, to Jonathan Dayton states that Sally Hemings 'is half sister to his first wife' (Clements Library, University of Michigan). }}&lt;/ref&gt;

D'fhág na hoibrithe éigeantais breise seo gurb é Jefferson an dara úinéir sclábhaithe is mó i Albemarle County. Ina theannta sin, bhí beagnach 16,000 acra talún aige i Virginia. Dhíol sé roinnt daoine chun fiacha eastát Wayles a íoc.&lt;ref name=&quot;Thomas Jefferson pg. 214&quot;/&gt; Ón am seo amach, bhí úinéireacht agus maoirseacht ag Jefferson ar a eastát airnéise mór, go príomha ag Monticello, cé gur fhorbair sé plandálacha eile sa choilíneacht freisin. Thacaigh an sclábhaíocht le saol na haicme ceannais i Virginia.&lt;ref&gt;Halliday (2001), ''Understanding Thomas Jefferson'', p. 143&lt;/ref&gt;

I gcomhar le Monticello, an mórshuíomh staire poiblí ar Jefferson anois, d'oscail an Smithsonian ar an National Mall taispeántas, ''Slavery at Jefferson's Monticello'': ''The Paradox of Liberty'', (Eanáir – Deireadh Fómhair 2012) ag Ard - Mhúsaem Stair Mheiriceá i Washington, D.C.. Phléigh sé Jefferson mar úinéir sclábhaithe agus an tuairim is 600 sclábhaí a bhí ina gcónaí ag Monticello thar na blianta, le fócas ar shé theaghlach sclábhaithe agus a sliocht. Ba é an chéad taispeántas náisiúnta ar an Meal a thug aghaidh ar na ceisteanna seo. I mí Feabhra 2012, d'oscail Monticello taispeántas nua gaolmhar amuigh faoin aer, ''Landscape of Slavery: Mulberry Row at Monticello'', a &quot; ''brings to life the stories of the scores of people—enslaved and free—who lived and worked on Jefferson's 5,000-acre [2,000 ha] plantation''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mulberry Row |url=http://www.slaveryatmonticello.org/mulberry-row |website=Slavery at Monticello |access-date=2012-04-06 |archive-date=2012-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504202143/http://www.slaveryatmonticello.org/mulberry-row |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go gairid tar éis deireadh a chur lena chleachtas dlí sa bhliain 1774, scríobh Jefferson ''A Summary View of the Rights of British America'', a cuireadh faoi bhráid an Chéad Chomhdháil Ilchríochach. Sa tráchtas seo, d'áitigh sé go raibh Meiriceánaigh i dteideal gach ceart a bhain le saoránaigh na Breataine, agus cháin sé Rí Seoirse as údarás áitiúil na gcoilíneachtaí a ghabháil go héagórach. Maidir leis an sclábhaíocht, scríobh Jefferson  ''&quot;The abolition of domestic slavery is the great object of desire in those colonies, where it was unhappily introduced in their infant state. But previous to the enfranchisement of the slaves we have, it is necessary to exclude all further importations from Africa; yet our repeated attempts to effect this by prohibitions, and by imposing duties which might amount to a prohibition, have been hitherto defeated by his majesty's negative: Thus preferring the immediate advantages of a few African corsairs to the lasting interests of the American states, and to the rights of human nature, deeply wounded by this infamous practice.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/jeffsumm.asp|title = Avalon Project - Summary View of the Rights of British America}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==Tagairtí==
[[Catagóir:Thomas Jefferson|sclábhaíocht]]
[[Catagóir:Stair na sclábhaíochta in Virginia]]
[[Catagóir:Uachtaráin na Stát Aontaithe agus sclábhaíocht]]
[[Catagóir:Sally Hemings]]</text>
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[[Íomhá:Run_away_from_the_subscriber_-_Thomas_Jefferson.png|mion| Fógra a chuir Jefferson sa ''Virginia Gazette'' sa bhliain 1767, ag tairiscint luaíochta do cibé duine a thabharfadh a sclábhaí éalaithe ar ais.]]
Bhí níos mó ná 600 sclábhaí ag [[Thomas Jefferson]], an tríú [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe|uachtarán ar Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]], le linn a shaoil aosaigh. Shaor Jefferson beirt sclábhaithe agus é beo, agus saoradh cúigear eile tar éis a bháis, lena n-áirítear beirt dá chlann óna chaidreamh lena sclábhaí (agus a dheirfiúr chéile) Sally Hemings . Ligeadh dá bheirt pháistí eile le Hemings éalú gan aon tóir orthu. Tar éis a bháis, díoladh an chuid eile de na sclábhaithe chun fiacha a eastáit a íoc.

Go príobháideach, ba é ceann de na cúiseanna a bhí ag Jefferson gan níos mó sclábhaithe a shaoradh ná a fhiacha nach beag,  agus ba é an chosaint phoiblí a bhí aige, a léiríodh ina leabhar ''Notes on the State of Virginia'', ná an eagla a bhí air go mbeadh corraíl shibhialta idir daoine geala agus iar-sclábhaithe mar thoradh ar sclábhaithe a shaoradh isteach i sochaí Mheiriceá.


I rith an ama, labhair Jefferson amach i gcoinne [[Trádáil sclábhaithe an Atlantaigh|thrádáil idirnáisiúnta na sclábhaithe]]  agus rinne sé í a eisreachtú le linn dó a bheith ina uachtarán. Mhol sé fuascailt na sclábhaithe, de réir a chéile laistigh de na Stáit Aontaithe agus coilíniú na hAfraice ag Meiriceánaigh Afracacha shaortha..  &lt;ref name=&quot;William Cohen 1969 p. 510&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|first=William|author=Cohen|title=Thomas Jefferson and the Problem of Slavery|journal=Journal of American History|volume=56|issue=3|year=1969|doi=10.2307/1904203|jstor=1904203|url=https://academic.oup.com/jah/article-abstract/56/3/503/680931}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mar sin féin, bhí sé i gcoinne roinnt beart eile chun sclábhaíocht a shrianadh laistigh de na Stáit Aontaithe, agus bhí sé i gcoinne an próiseas trína scaoileann úinéir a sclábhaithe ó dhaoirse go dlíthiúil..

== Blianta tosaigh (1743–1774) ==
[[Íomhá:Thomas_Jefferson's_Monticello_(cropped).JPG|mion| Monticello, a thosaigh Jefferson ag tógáil sa bhliain 1769 i Shadwell, Virginia an lae inniu]]
Rugadh Thomas Jefferson in aicme na bplandálaithe de  &quot;slave society&quot;, mar a shainmhínigh an staraí Ira Berlin, inarbh í an sclábhaíocht an phríomhbhealach táirgthe saothair.  Ba mhac é le Peter Jefferson, sealbhóir sclábhaí agus amhantraí talún mór le rá i Virginia, agus Jane Randolph, gariníon uaisle Shasana agus Albanacha. &lt;ref name=&quot;Thomas Jefferson pg. 214&quot;&gt;{{Cite book-en|first=Thomas|author=Jefferson|title=[[Notes on the State of Virginia]]|year=2002}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa bhliain 1757, nuair a bhí Jefferson 14 bliana d'aois, fuair a athair bás, agus mar sin fuair sé 5,000 acra talún, 52 sclábhaí, beostoc, leabharlann shuntasach a athar, agus muileann mealdair. Bhí an mhaoin seo faoi smacht a chaomhnóra, John Harvie Sr., ar dtús. &lt;ref name=&quot;Woods&quot;&gt;{{Cite book-en|author=Woods|first=Edgar|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x002672921&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=239&amp;q1=Belmont|title=Albemarle County in Virginia|date=1901|publisher=The Michie Company|location=Charlottesville, Virginia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ghlac sé smacht iomlán ar na réadmhaoine seo ag aois 21. Sa bhliain 1768, thosaigh Jefferson ag tógáil tí mhóir nua-aoiseach ar a dtugtar Monticello, a raibh radharc aige ar shráidbhaile a iar-theach i Shadwell. &lt;ref name=&quot;Thomas Jefferson pg. 214&quot; /&gt; Mar aturnae, rinne Jefferson ionadaíocht ar dhaoine gorma chomh maith le daoine geala. Sa bhliain 1770, chosain sé sclábhaí óg fireann de chine measctha in agra saoirse, ar an mbonn gur ban gheal agus  saorchlannda a mháthair. De réir dhlí na coilíneachta, ''partus sequitur ventrem'', gur ghlac an leanbh stádas na máthar, níor cheart go mbeadh an fear ina sclábhaí riamh. Chaill sé an cás. Sa bhliain 1772, rinne Jefferson ionadaíocht ar George Manly, mac le saorbhean de dhath, a d'agair ar son na saoirse tar éis a bheith faoi dhintiúr mar sheirbhíseach le trí bliana tar éis a téarma a bheith istigh. (Ag an am seo, bhí coilíneacht Virginia ag ceangal leanaí neamhdhlisteanacha de chine measctha de mhná saora mar sheirbhísigh faoi dhintiúr: go dtí 31 bliain d'aois d'fhir, le téarma níos giorra do mhná.) Nuair a saoradh é, d'oibrigh Manly do Jefferson ag Monticello ar phá.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indenture&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.monticello.org/research-education/thomas-jefferson-encyclopedia/indentured-servants/ |title=Indentured Servants |work=Monticello.org |access-date=25 March 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Once freed, Manly worked for Jefferson at Monticello for wages.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indenture&quot;/&gt;

Sa bhliain 1773, an bhliain tar éis do Jefferson an bhaintreach óg Martha Jefferson a phósadh, fuair a hathair bás. Fuair sí féin agus Jefferson a eastát le hoidhreacht, lena n-áirítear 11,000 acra (4,500 ha), 135 sclábhaí, agus £4,000 de fhiacha. Leis an oidhreacht seo, bhí baint mhór ag Jefferson le teaghlaigh idirchiníocha agus ualach airgeadais. Mar bhaintreach fir, bhí a athair céile John Wayles tar éis a sclábhaí cine measctha Betty Hemings a ghlacadh mar bhean luí agus bhí seisear clainne aige léi le linn a 12 bliain deiridh.bhí glactha a athair - i - dlí John Wayles a sclábhaí measctha - cine Betty Hemings mar concubine agus bhí seisear leanaí léi le linn a 12 bliana dheireanacha.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.monticello.org/research-education/thomas-jefferson-encyclopedia/john-wayles/ |title=John Wayles |work=Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia |publisher=Monticello.org |access-date=10 March 2011 |quote=A December 20, 1802, letter from Thomas Gibbons, a Federalist planter of Georgia, to Jonathan Dayton states that Sally Hemings 'is half sister to his first wife' (Clements Library, University of Michigan). }}&lt;/ref&gt;

D'fhág na hoibrithe éigeantais breise seo gurb é Jefferson an dara úinéir sclábhaithe is mó i Albemarle County. Ina theannta sin, bhí beagnach 16,000 acra talún aige i Virginia. Dhíol sé roinnt daoine chun fiacha eastát Wayles a íoc.&lt;ref name=&quot;Thomas Jefferson pg. 214&quot;/&gt; Ón am seo amach, bhí úinéireacht agus maoirseacht ag Jefferson ar a eastát airnéise mór, go príomha ag Monticello, cé gur fhorbair sé plandálacha eile sa choilíneacht freisin. Thacaigh an sclábhaíocht le saol na haicme ceannais i Virginia.&lt;ref&gt;Halliday (2001), ''Understanding Thomas Jefferson'', p. 143&lt;/ref&gt;

I gcomhar le Monticello, an mórshuíomh staire poiblí ar Jefferson anois, d'oscail an Smithsonian ar an National Mall taispeántas, ''Slavery at Jefferson's Monticello'': ''The Paradox of Liberty'', (Eanáir – Deireadh Fómhair 2012) ag Ard - Mhúsaem Stair Mheiriceá i Washington, D.C.. Phléigh sé Jefferson mar úinéir sclábhaithe agus an tuairim is 600 sclábhaí a bhí ina gcónaí ag Monticello thar na blianta, le fócas ar shé theaghlach sclábhaithe agus a sliocht. Ba é an chéad taispeántas náisiúnta ar an Meal a thug aghaidh ar na ceisteanna seo. I mí Feabhra 2012, d'oscail Monticello taispeántas nua gaolmhar amuigh faoin aer, ''Landscape of Slavery: Mulberry Row at Monticello'', a &quot; ''brings to life the stories of the scores of people—enslaved and free—who lived and worked on Jefferson's 5,000-acre [2,000 ha] plantation''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |teideal=Mulberry Row |url=http://www.slaveryatmonticello.org/mulberry-row |website=Slavery at Monticello |access-date=2012-04-06 |archive-date=2012-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504202143/http://www.slaveryatmonticello.org/mulberry-row |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go gairid tar éis deireadh a chur lena chleachtas dlí sa bhliain 1774, scríobh Jefferson ''A Summary View of the Rights of British America'', a cuireadh faoi bhráid an Chéad Chomhdháil Ilchríochach. Sa tráchtas seo, d'áitigh sé go raibh Meiriceánaigh i dteideal gach ceart a bhain le saoránaigh na Breataine, agus cháin sé Rí Seoirse as údarás áitiúil na gcoilíneachtaí a ghabháil go héagórach. Maidir leis an sclábhaíocht, scríobh Jefferson  ''&quot;The abolition of domestic slavery is the great object of desire in those colonies, where it was unhappily introduced in their infant state. But previous to the enfranchisement of the slaves we have, it is necessary to exclude all further importations from Africa; yet our repeated attempts to effect this by prohibitions, and by imposing duties which might amount to a prohibition, have been hitherto defeated by his majesty's negative: Thus preferring the immediate advantages of a few African corsairs to the lasting interests of the American states, and to the rights of human nature, deeply wounded by this infamous practice.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/jeffsumm.asp|teideal = Avalon Project - Summary View of the Rights of British America}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==Tagairtí==
[[Catagóir:Thomas Jefferson|sclábhaíocht]]
[[Catagóir:Stair na sclábhaíochta in Virginia]]
[[Catagóir:Uachtaráin na Stát Aontaithe agus sclábhaíocht]]
[[Catagóir:Sally Hemings]]</text>
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[[Íomhá:Run_away_from_the_subscriber_-_Thomas_Jefferson.png|mion| Fógra a chuir Jefferson sa ''Virginia Gazette'' sa bhliain 1767, ag tairiscint luaíochta do cibé duine a thabharfadh a sclábhaí éalaithe ar ais.]]
Bhí níos mó ná 600 sclábhaí ag [[Thomas Jefferson]], an tríú [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe|uachtarán ar Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]], le linn a shaoil aosaigh. Shaor Jefferson beirt sclábhaithe agus é beo, agus saoradh cúigear eile tar éis a bháis, lena n-áirítear beirt dá chlann óna chaidreamh lena sclábhaí (agus a dheirfiúr chéile) Sally Hemings . Ligeadh dá bheirt pháistí eile le Hemings éalú gan aon tóir orthu. Tar éis a bháis, díoladh an chuid eile de na sclábhaithe chun fiacha a eastáit a íoc.

Go príobháideach, ba é ceann de na cúiseanna a bhí ag Jefferson gan níos mó sclábhaithe a shaoradh ná a fhiacha nach beag,  agus ba é an chosaint phoiblí a bhí aige, a léiríodh ina leabhar ''Notes on the State of Virginia'', ná an eagla a bhí air go mbeadh corraíl shibhialta idir daoine geala agus iar-sclábhaithe mar thoradh ar sclábhaithe a shaoradh isteach i sochaí Mheiriceá.


I rith an ama, labhair Jefferson amach i gcoinne [[Trádáil sclábhaithe an Atlantaigh|thrádáil idirnáisiúnta na sclábhaithe]]  agus rinne sé í a eisreachtú le linn dó a bheith ina uachtarán. Mhol sé fuascailt na sclábhaithe, de réir a chéile laistigh de na Stáit Aontaithe agus coilíniú na hAfraice ag Meiriceánaigh Afracacha shaortha..  &lt;ref name=&quot;William Cohen 1969 p. 510&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|first=William|author=Cohen|title=Thomas Jefferson and the Problem of Slavery|journal=Journal of American History|volume=56|issue=3|year=1969|doi=10.2307/1904203|jstor=1904203|url=https://academic.oup.com/jah/article-abstract/56/3/503/680931}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mar sin féin, bhí sé i gcoinne roinnt beart eile chun sclábhaíocht a shrianadh laistigh de na Stáit Aontaithe, agus bhí sé i gcoinne an próiseas trína scaoileann úinéir a sclábhaithe ó dhaoirse go dlíthiúil..

== Blianta tosaigh (1743–1774) ==
[[Íomhá:Thomas_Jefferson's_Monticello_(cropped).JPG|mion| Monticello, a thosaigh Jefferson ag tógáil sa bhliain 1769 i Shadwell, Virginia an lae inniu]]
Rugadh Thomas Jefferson in aicme na bplandálaithe de  &quot;slave society&quot;, mar a shainmhínigh an staraí Ira Berlin, inarbh í an sclábhaíocht an phríomhbhealach táirgthe saothair.  Ba mhac é le Peter Jefferson, sealbhóir sclábhaí agus amhantraí talún mór le rá i Virginia, agus Jane Randolph, gariníon uaisle Shasana agus Albanacha. &lt;ref name=&quot;Thomas Jefferson pg. 214&quot;&gt;{{Cite book-en|first=Thomas|author=Jefferson|title=[[Notes on the State of Virginia]]|year=2002}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa bhliain 1757, nuair a bhí Jefferson 14 bliana d'aois, fuair a athair bás, agus mar sin fuair sé 5,000 acra talún, 52 sclábhaí, beostoc, leabharlann shuntasach a athar, agus muileann mealdair. Bhí an mhaoin seo faoi smacht a chaomhnóra, John Harvie Sr., ar dtús. &lt;ref name=&quot;Woods&quot;&gt;{{Cite book-en|author=Woods|first=Edgar|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x002672921&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=239&amp;q1=Belmont|title=Albemarle County in Virginia|date=1901|publisher=The Michie Company|location=Charlottesville, Virginia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ghlac sé smacht iomlán ar na réadmhaoine seo ag aois 21. Sa bhliain 1768, thosaigh Jefferson ag tógáil tí mhóir nua-aoiseach ar a dtugtar Monticello, a raibh radharc aige ar shráidbhaile a iar-theach i Shadwell. &lt;ref name=&quot;Thomas Jefferson pg. 214&quot; /&gt; Mar aturnae, rinne Jefferson ionadaíocht ar dhaoine gorma chomh maith le daoine geala. Sa bhliain 1770, chosain sé sclábhaí óg fireann de chine measctha in agra saoirse, ar an mbonn gur ban gheal agus  saorchlannda a mháthair. De réir dhlí na coilíneachta, ''partus sequitur ventrem'', gur ghlac an leanbh stádas na máthar, níor cheart go mbeadh an fear ina sclábhaí riamh. Chaill sé an cás. Sa bhliain 1772, rinne Jefferson ionadaíocht ar George Manly, mac le saorbhean de dhath, a d'agair ar son na saoirse tar éis a bheith faoi dhintiúr mar sheirbhíseach le trí bliana tar éis a téarma a bheith istigh. (Ag an am seo, bhí coilíneacht Virginia ag ceangal leanaí neamhdhlisteanacha de chine measctha de mhná saora mar sheirbhísigh faoi dhintiúr: go dtí 31 bliain d'aois d'fhir, le téarma níos giorra do mhná.) Nuair a saoradh é, d'oibrigh Manly do Jefferson ag Monticello ar phá.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indenture&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.monticello.org/research-education/thomas-jefferson-encyclopedia/indentured-servants/ |title=Indentured Servants |work=Monticello.org |access-date=25 March 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Once freed, Manly worked for Jefferson at Monticello for wages.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indenture&quot;/&gt;

Sa bhliain 1773, an bhliain tar éis do Jefferson an bhaintreach óg Martha Jefferson a phósadh, fuair a hathair bás. Fuair sí féin agus Jefferson a eastát le hoidhreacht, lena n-áirítear 11,000 acra (4,500 ha), 135 sclábhaí, agus £4,000 de fhiacha. Leis an oidhreacht seo, bhí baint mhór ag Jefferson le teaghlaigh idirchiníocha agus ualach airgeadais. Mar bhaintreach fir, bhí a athair céile John Wayles tar éis a sclábhaí cine measctha Betty Hemings a ghlacadh mar bhean luí agus bhí seisear clainne aige léi le linn a 12 bliain deiridh.bhí glactha a athair - i - dlí John Wayles a sclábhaí measctha - cine Betty Hemings mar concubine agus bhí seisear leanaí léi le linn a 12 bliana dheireanacha.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.monticello.org/research-education/thomas-jefferson-encyclopedia/john-wayles/ |title=John Wayles |work=Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia |publisher=Monticello.org |access-date=10 March 2011 |quote=A December 20, 1802, letter from Thomas Gibbons, a Federalist planter of Georgia, to Jonathan Dayton states that Sally Hemings 'is half sister to his first wife' (Clements Library, University of Michigan). }}&lt;/ref&gt;

D'fhág na hoibrithe éigeantais breise seo gurb é Jefferson an dara úinéir sclábhaithe is mó i Albemarle County. Ina theannta sin, bhí beagnach 16,000 acra talún aige i Virginia. Dhíol sé roinnt daoine chun fiacha eastát Wayles a íoc.&lt;ref name=&quot;Thomas Jefferson pg. 214&quot;/&gt; Ón am seo amach, bhí úinéireacht agus maoirseacht ag Jefferson ar a eastát airnéise mór, go príomha ag Monticello, cé gur fhorbair sé plandálacha eile sa choilíneacht freisin. Thacaigh an sclábhaíocht le saol na haicme ceannais i Virginia.&lt;ref&gt;Halliday (2001), ''Understanding Thomas Jefferson'', p. 143&lt;/ref&gt;

I gcomhar le Monticello, an mórshuíomh staire poiblí ar Jefferson anois, d'oscail an Smithsonian ar an National Mall taispeántas, ''Slavery at Jefferson's Monticello'': ''The Paradox of Liberty'', (Eanáir – Deireadh Fómhair 2012) ag Ard - Mhúsaem Stair Mheiriceá i Washington, D.C.. Phléigh sé Jefferson mar úinéir sclábhaithe agus an tuairim is 600 sclábhaí a bhí ina gcónaí ag Monticello thar na blianta, le fócas ar shé theaghlach sclábhaithe agus a sliocht. Ba é an chéad taispeántas náisiúnta ar an Meal a thug aghaidh ar na ceisteanna seo. I mí Feabhra 2012, d'oscail Monticello taispeántas nua gaolmhar amuigh faoin aer, ''Landscape of Slavery: Mulberry Row at Monticello'', a &quot; ''brings to life the stories of the scores of people—enslaved and free—who lived and worked on Jefferson's 5,000-acre [2,000 ha] plantation''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |teideal=Mulberry Row |url=http://www.slaveryatmonticello.org/mulberry-row |website=Slavery at Monticello |access-date=2012-04-06 |archive-date=2012-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504202143/http://www.slaveryatmonticello.org/mulberry-row |url-status=dead |dátarochtana=2025-07-05 |archivedate=2012-05-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504202143/http://www.slaveryatmonticello.org/mulberry-row }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Go gairid tar éis deireadh a chur lena chleachtas dlí sa bhliain 1774, scríobh Jefferson ''A Summary View of the Rights of British America'', a cuireadh faoi bhráid an Chéad Chomhdháil Ilchríochach. Sa tráchtas seo, d'áitigh sé go raibh Meiriceánaigh i dteideal gach ceart a bhain le saoránaigh na Breataine, agus cháin sé Rí Seoirse as údarás áitiúil na gcoilíneachtaí a ghabháil go héagórach. Maidir leis an sclábhaíocht, scríobh Jefferson  ''&quot;The abolition of domestic slavery is the great object of desire in those colonies, where it was unhappily introduced in their infant state. But previous to the enfranchisement of the slaves we have, it is necessary to exclude all further importations from Africa; yet our repeated attempts to effect this by prohibitions, and by imposing duties which might amount to a prohibition, have been hitherto defeated by his majesty's negative: Thus preferring the immediate advantages of a few African corsairs to the lasting interests of the American states, and to the rights of human nature, deeply wounded by this infamous practice.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/jeffsumm.asp|teideal = Avalon Project - Summary View of the Rights of British America}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==Tagairtí==
[[Catagóir:Thomas Jefferson|sclábhaíocht]]
[[Catagóir:Stair na sclábhaíochta in Virginia]]
[[Catagóir:Uachtaráin na Stát Aontaithe agus sclábhaíocht]]
[[Catagóir:Sally Hemings]]</text>
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    <title>Aibítir Elbasan</title>
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      <text bytes="3616" sha1="jl96jlf6parfe7f3t0mov0intt5zyxw" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Córais Scríbhneoireachta|unicode=U+10500 &amp;ndash; U+1052F&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11050-n3985-elbasan.pdf Final&amp;nbsp;Accepted&amp;nbsp;Script&amp;nbsp;Proposal]&lt;/ref&gt;|Nom=Aibítir Elbasan|Altname=Alfabeti i Elbasanit|Tipus=Aibítir|Període=18ú Aois|direccio_text=Clé go Dheas|Llengües=Albáinis}}

Is [[Aibítir|aibítreach]] ó lár an 18ú haois don [[An Albáinis|teanga Albáinis]] '''í an t-aibítir Elbasan''' a raibh cruthaíodh le haghaidh ''Lámhscríbhinn Shoiscéil Elbasan'', &lt;ref name=&quot;elsie&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Elsie|first=Robert|year=1995|title=The Elbasan Gospel Manuscript (''Anonimi i Elbasanit''), 1761, and the struggle for an original Albanian alphabet|journal=Südost-Forschungen|volume=54|pages=105–159|publisher=Südost-Institut|location=[[Regensburg]]|issn=0081-9077|url=http://elsie.de/pdf/articles/A1995ElbasanMs_Fig.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; ar a dtugtar freisin ''Anonimi i Elbasanit'' (&quot;An Gan Ainm ó Elbasan&quot;), is é an t-aon doiciméad atá scríofa ann é. &lt;ref name=&quot;elsie&quot; /&gt;Bhí an doiciméad cruthaíodh ag an t-Eaglais Naomh Jovan Vladimir i lár na hAlbáine, ach anois tá sé caomhnaithe i gCartlann Náisiúnta na hAlbáine i [[Tiorána|dTirana]] . Cosúil leis an lámhscríbhinn, tá an aibítir ainmnithe i ndiaidh an chathair [[Elbasan]], an áit a scríobhadh é, agus cé gur nach bhfuil í an lámhscríbhinn an doiciméad is sine atá scríofa in Albáinis, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bSxHgej4tKMC&amp;q=1462|title=Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction|isbn=9781444359688|author=Benjamin w. Fortson|first=IV|date=7 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; is é Elbasan an ceann is sine as seacht &lt;ref name=&quot;elsie&quot; /&gt; aibítrí a cruthaíodh don Albáinis. &lt;ref name=&quot;elsie&quot; /&gt;Tá 59 leathanaigh faoi  t-ábhar bíobla sa lámhscríbhinn. &lt;ref name=&quot;elsie&quot; /&gt;

== Litreacha ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Litir&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/elbasan.htm|title=Elbasan alphabet|website=[[Omniglot]]|access-date=2019-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Aibítir Laidineach]]
![[Fuaimniú]]
|-
|𐔀
|a
|{{IPA|[a ɑ ɒ]}}
|-
|𐔁
|b
|{{IPA|[b]}}
|-
|𐔂
|c
|{{IPA|[ts]}}
|-
|𐔃
|ç, xh
|{{IPA|[tʃ]}}, {{IPA|[dʒ]}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3856.pdf|title=Preliminary proposal for encoding the Elbasan script in the SMP of the UCS|last1=Everson|first1=Michael|last2=Elsie|first2=Robert|date=2010-06-23|publisher=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2|access-date=2024-06-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|𐔄
|d
|{{IPA|[d]}}
|-
|𐔅
|nd
|{{IPA|[nd]}}
|-
|𐔆
|dh
|{{IPA|[ð]}}
|-
|𐔇
|e
|{{IPA|[e ɛ]}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|𐔈
|ë
|{{IPA|[ə]}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|𐔉
|f
|{{IPA|[f]}}
|-
|𐔊
|g
|{{IPA|[ɡ]}}
|-
|𐔋
|gj
|{{IPA|[ɟ]}}
|-
|𐔌
|h
|{{IPA|[h]}}
|-
|𐔍
|i
|{{IPA|[i]}}
|-
|𐔎
|j
|{{IPA|[j]}}
|-
|𐔏
|k
|{{IPA|[k]}}
|-
|𐔐
|l
|{{IPA|[l]}}
|-
|𐔑
|ll
|{{IPA|[ɫ]}}
|-
|𐔒
|m
|{{IPA|[m]}}
|-
|𐔓
|n
|{{IPA|[n]}}
|-
|𐔔
|n (roimh g agus gj)
|{{IPA|[n]}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|𐔕
|nj
|{{IPA|[ɲ]}}
|-
|𐔖
|o
|{{IPA|[o ɔ]}}
|-
|𐔗
|p
|{{IPA|[p]}}
|-
|𐔘
|q
|{{IPA|[c]}}
|-
|𐔙
|r
|{{IPA|[ɾ]}}
|-
|𐔚
|rr
|{{IPA|[r]}}
|-
|𐔛
|s
|{{IPA|[s]}}
|-
|𐔜
|sh
|{{IPA|[ʃ]}}
|-
|𐔝
|t
|{{IPA|[t]}}
|-
|𐔞
|th
|{{IPA|[θ]}}
|-
|𐔟
|u
|{{IPA|[u]}}
|-
|𐔠
|v
|{{IPA|[v]}}
|-
|𐔡
|x
|{{IPA|[dz]}}
|-
|𐔢
|y
|{{IPA|[y]}}
|-
|𐔣
|z
|{{IPA|[z]}}
|-
|𐔤
|zh
|{{IPA|[ʒ]}}
|-
|𐔥
|''gh''
|{{IPA|[ɣ]}} (t-Aon focail Gréigis)
|-
|𐔦
|''gh''
|{{IPA|[ɣ]}} (t-Aon focail Gréigis)
|-
|𐔧
|''kh''
|{{IPA|[x]}} (t-Aon focail Gréigis)
|}
[[Catagóir:Aibítrí]]</text>
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Is [[Aibítir|aibítreach]] ó lár an 18ú haois don [[An Albáinis|teanga Albáinis]] '''í an t-aibítir Elbasan''' a raibh cruthaíodh le haghaidh ''Lámhscríbhinn Shoiscéil Elbasan'', &lt;ref name=&quot;elsie&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Elsie|first=Robert|year=1995|title=The Elbasan Gospel Manuscript (''Anonimi i Elbasanit''), 1761, and the struggle for an original Albanian alphabet|journal=Südost-Forschungen|volume=54|pages=105–159|publisher=Südost-Institut|location=[[Regensburg]]|issn=0081-9077|url=http://elsie.de/pdf/articles/A1995ElbasanMs_Fig.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; ar a dtugtar freisin ''Anonimi i Elbasanit'' (&quot;An Gan Ainm ó Elbasan&quot;), is é an t-aon doiciméad atá scríofa ann é. &lt;ref name=&quot;elsie&quot; /&gt;Bhí an doiciméad cruthaíodh ag an t-Eaglais Naomh Jovan Vladimir i lár na hAlbáine, ach anois tá sé caomhnaithe i gCartlann Náisiúnta na hAlbáine i [[Tiorána|dTirana]] . Cosúil leis an lámhscríbhinn, tá an aibítir ainmnithe i ndiaidh an chathair [[Elbasan]], an áit a scríobhadh é, agus cé gur nach bhfuil í an lámhscríbhinn an doiciméad is sine atá scríofa in Albáinis, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book-en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bSxHgej4tKMC&amp;q=1462|title=Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction|isbn=9781444359688|author=Benjamin w. Fortson|first=IV|date=7 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; is é Elbasan an ceann is sine as seacht &lt;ref name=&quot;elsie&quot; /&gt; aibítrí a cruthaíodh don Albáinis. &lt;ref name=&quot;elsie&quot; /&gt;Tá 59 leathanaigh faoi  t-ábhar bíobla sa lámhscríbhinn. &lt;ref name=&quot;elsie&quot; /&gt;

== Litreacha ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Litir&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/elbasan.htm|title=Elbasan alphabet|website=[[Omniglot]]|access-date=2019-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;
![[Aibítir Laidineach]]
![[Fuaimniú]]
|-
|𐔀
|a
|{{IPA|[a ɑ ɒ]}}
|-
|𐔁
|b
|{{IPA|[b]}}
|-
|𐔂
|c
|{{IPA|[ts]}}
|-
|𐔃
|ç, xh
|{{IPA|[tʃ]}}, {{IPA|[dʒ]}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3856.pdf|title=Preliminary proposal for encoding the Elbasan script in the SMP of the UCS|last1=Everson|first1=Michael|last2=Elsie|first2=Robert|date=2010-06-23|publisher=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2|access-date=2024-06-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|𐔄
|d
|{{IPA|[d]}}
|-
|𐔅
|nd
|{{IPA|[nd]}}
|-
|𐔆
|dh
|{{IPA|[ð]}}
|-
|𐔇
|e
|{{IPA|[e ɛ]}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|𐔈
|ë
|{{IPA|[ə]}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|𐔉
|f
|{{IPA|[f]}}
|-
|𐔊
|g
|{{IPA|[ɡ]}}
|-
|𐔋
|gj
|{{IPA|[ɟ]}}
|-
|𐔌
|h
|{{IPA|[h]}}
|-
|𐔍
|i
|{{IPA|[i]}}
|-
|𐔎
|j
|{{IPA|[j]}}
|-
|𐔏
|k
|{{IPA|[k]}}
|-
|𐔐
|l
|{{IPA|[l]}}
|-
|𐔑
|ll
|{{IPA|[ɫ]}}
|-
|𐔒
|m
|{{IPA|[m]}}
|-
|𐔓
|n
|{{IPA|[n]}}
|-
|𐔔
|n (roimh g agus gj)
|{{IPA|[n]}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|-
|𐔕
|nj
|{{IPA|[ɲ]}}
|-
|𐔖
|o
|{{IPA|[o ɔ]}}
|-
|𐔗
|p
|{{IPA|[p]}}
|-
|𐔘
|q
|{{IPA|[c]}}
|-
|𐔙
|r
|{{IPA|[ɾ]}}
|-
|𐔚
|rr
|{{IPA|[r]}}
|-
|𐔛
|s
|{{IPA|[s]}}
|-
|𐔜
|sh
|{{IPA|[ʃ]}}
|-
|𐔝
|t
|{{IPA|[t]}}
|-
|𐔞
|th
|{{IPA|[θ]}}
|-
|𐔟
|u
|{{IPA|[u]}}
|-
|𐔠
|v
|{{IPA|[v]}}
|-
|𐔡
|x
|{{IPA|[dz]}}
|-
|𐔢
|y
|{{IPA|[y]}}
|-
|𐔣
|z
|{{IPA|[z]}}
|-
|𐔤
|zh
|{{IPA|[ʒ]}}
|-
|𐔥
|''gh''
|{{IPA|[ɣ]}} (t-Aon focail Gréigis)
|-
|𐔦
|''gh''
|{{IPA|[ɣ]}} (t-Aon focail Gréigis)
|-
|𐔧
|''kh''
|{{IPA|[x]}} (t-Aon focail Gréigis)
|}
== Tagairtí ==
[[Catagóir:Aibítrí]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rossa Fanning</title>
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Is abhcóide Éireannach agus acadóir dlí é Rossa A. Fanning (rugadh 1976) atá ag feidhmiú mar Ard-Aighne na hÉireann ó mhí na Nollag 2022. Bhí a chleachtas ag an mBarra dírithe go príomha ar dhlíthíocht tráchtála agus dócmhainneacht.

== Luathshaol ==
Rugadh Fanning sa bhliain 1976 agus is as [[Baile na Lobhar]], [[Baile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath dó]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Business Post 2022&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.businesspost.ie/news/michael-brennan-varadkar-names-cautious-cabinet-to-face-up-to-age-of-emergencies/|work=Business Post}}&lt;/ref&gt; D’fhreastail sé ar an meánscoil i [[Coláiste na Carraige Duibhe|gColáiste na Carraige Duibhe]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.blackrockcollege.com/news/past-vs-present-debate-2017/|title=Past Vs Present Debate 2017|work=Blackrock College|access-date=17 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rinne sé staidéar ar chéim dlí BCL ó [[An Coláiste Ollscoile, Baile Átha Cliath|Choláiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath]] agus fuair sé céim mháistreachta ó UCD áit ar scríobh sé tráchtas ar '''ghnásanna''' sibhialta. &lt;ref name=&quot;UCD 2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.ucd.ie/law/staff_Rossa_Fanning.html|title=UCD School of law - Staff - Rossa Fanning|date=10 February 2007|work=ucd.ie|access-date=17 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210105346/http://www.ucd.ie/law/staff_Rossa_Fanning.html|archive-date=10 February 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le linn dó a bheith i gColáiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath, bhí sé ina cheann comhairimh d’Aontas na Mac Léinn i gColáiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath agus ina iniúchóir ar Chumann Dlí Choláiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://societies.ucd.ie/presidentsawards1998/|title=UCD President’s Award for Excellence in Student Activities 1998|access-date=17 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rinne sé staidéar le haghaidh céim LLM i Scoil Dlí Ollscoil Michigan mar scoláire de chuid Chlár Fulbright . &lt;ref name=&quot;Independent 2013&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/business/irish/judges-lack-the-resources-to-deal-with-this-recession-29695424.html|language=en|work=Irish Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt; D’fhreastail sé ar [[Óstaí an Rí]] agus ba é buaiteoir aonair Dhíospóireacht an Irish Times é agus é ag staidéar ann. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/dublin-dominates-irish-times-debate-1.156085|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gairmréim dlí ==
Glaodh Fanning chun an Bharra sa bhliain 1999 agus d’oibrigh sé mar &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i&gt;chúntóir&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; do David Barniville . &lt;ref name=&quot;IT 19 Dec 2022&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2022/12/19/rossa-fanning-profile-new-ag-a-courtroom-bruiser-with-straight-talking-reputation/|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ceapadh é ina Abhcóide  Sinsearach sa bhliainn 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;Law Library Profile&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.lawlibrary.ie/members/rossa-a-fanning-sc/|title=Rossa A Fanning SC|language=en|work=Law Library|access-date=17 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128232925/https://www.lawlibrary.ie/members/rossa-a-fanning-sc/|archive-date=28 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; D’oibrigh sé ar raon leathan cásanna tráchtála, lena n-áirítear dócmhainneacht agus athstruchturú, léasanna tráchtála, clúmhilleadh, aisghabháil fiachais, urghabhálacha, agus faillí ghairmiúil.D’oibrigh sé ar fud réimse leathan cásanna tráchtála lena n-áirítear dócmhainneacht agus athstruchtúrú, léasanna tráchtála, clúmhilleadh, aisghabháil fiachais, athshealbhú agus faillí ghairmiúil. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2022/0427/1294731-case-between-kilkenny-shop-and-landlord-adjourned/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Independent 2013&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/business/irish/judges-lack-the-resources-to-deal-with-this-recession-29695424.html|language=en|work=Irish Independent}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.independent.ie/business/irish/judges-lack-the-resources-to-deal-with-this-recession-29695424.html &quot;Judges lack the resources to deal with this recession&quot;]. ''Irish Independent''. 24 October 2013&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17 December&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;RTE 20 Jul 22&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2022/0720/1311242-nora-quoirin/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2009/0427/116741-bankofireland/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2021/0907/1245247-commercial-court-to-hear-building-supplies-share-case/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2020/1203/1182176-dunnes-stores-mr-price-court/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2020/0310/1121387-mcgann-family-roscommon/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/courts/high-court/court-hears-12m-dalkey-house-is-country-s-unluckiest-1.2208467|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cásanna suntasacha ===
Tá sé tar éis ionadaíocht a dhéanamh do chomhlachtaí teicneolaíochta ilnáisiúnta éagsúla, lena n-áirítear [[Meta Platforms|Facebook]], [[Google]], agus [[X (líonra sóisialta)|Twitter]], i ndíospóidí. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2022/0517/1299533-google-high-court/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;RTE 20 Jul 22&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2022/0720/1311242-nora-quoirin/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFO'Donnell2022&quot;&gt;O'Donnell, Orla (20 July 2022). [https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2022/0720/1311242-nora-quoirin/ &quot;Parents of Nóra Quoirin settle case against Facebook&quot;]. ''RTÉ News''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17 December&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/mcd-to-pursue-prince-over-2-2m-1.856108|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/courts/high-court/iona-institute-member-sues-twitter-over-alleged-defamation-1.3726434|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ghníomhaigh sé thar ceann [[Rory McIlroy]] i ndíospóid san [[Ard-Chúirt (Éire)|Ard-Chúirt]] faoi chomhaontuithe lena iar-chomhlacht bainistíochta agus bhí sé ina abhcóide do MCD Productions nuair a rinne siad iarracht breithiúnas a fhorghníomhú in aghaidh [[Prince]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2014/0916/644186-mcilroy-horizon/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

D'oibrigh Fanning ar chásanna do chleachtóirí dócmhainneachta agus creidiúnaithe i gcásanna suntasacha lena n-áirítear CityJet, USIT, Monsoon Accessorize, ''[[The Sunday Business Post|Business Post]]'', Debenhams, agus [[Norwegian|Norwegian Air]], agus ghníomhaigh sé do ghlacadóirí Apollo House . &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2020/0427/1135158-high-court-confirms-appointment-of-examiner-to-cityjet/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2020/0327/1126905-liquidators-appointed-to-usit-student-travel-group/|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2020/0623/1149251-liquidator-appointed-to-monsoon-accessorize-in-ireland/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2013/0619/457507-sbp-examinership-court/|language=en|work=RTE.ie}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2016/0525/790955-debenham-examinership/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2021/0115/1190061-norwegian-air-high-court/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2016/1220/840244-apollo-house-high-court/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhain sé breithiúnas €8.2 milliún amach i gcoinne Bill Cullen thar ceann a chliant Danske Bank sa bhliain 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2012/1112/345320-judgment-against-bill-cullen/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí Fanning ina abhcóide do Michael Fingleton i gcás aisghabhála fiachais a thóg an t-iar-fhostóir, Cumann Foirgníochta Forleitheadach na hÉirean . &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/business/arid-20135180.html|language=en|work=Irish Examiner}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí sé ina bhall den fhoireann dlí a bhí ag cosaint [[Seán Quinn|Sheán Quinn]] agus beirt dá mhic i gcás a thionscain [[Banc Angla-Éireannach]] ach d’éirigh sé as agus an cás ar siúl. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/courts/blow-to-sean-quinn-case-as-key-lawyer-rossa-quits-26873164.html|language=en|work=Irish Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/04/business/global/04iht-quinn04.html|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí sé ina abhcóide cosanta do [[:en:Congregation_of_the_Holy_Spirit|Congregation of the Holy Spirit]] i gcás sibhialta le haghaidh damáistí. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2016/0418/782696-abuse/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa bhliain 2022, rinne sé ionadaíocht do Dany Boon i gcás san Ard-Chúirt chun airgead a aisghabháil a mhaígh Boon a tógadh uaidh go calaoiseach. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/courtandcrime/arid-41020415.html|language=en|work=Irish Examiner}}&lt;/ref&gt;

D’oibrigh Fanning ar son an Stáit in imeachtaí athbhreithnithe bhreithiúnaigh agus ar son an Údaráis Rialála Táirgí Sláinte i gcás tástála a bhain leis an vacsaín Pandemrix. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2022/0714/1310291-thc-court-action/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2019/1015/1083550-narcolepsy-court-case/|language=en|work=RTE.ie}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí sé ina aturnae ag Binse an Fhiosrúcháin (do Paul Williams agus Independent News and Media) agus ag an [[Binse Fiosrúcháin Moriarty|mBinse Moriarty]] (do [[Michael Lowry]] ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/courts/disclosures-tribunal-ex-garda-press-officer-accused-of-false-and-implausible-evidence-36911465.html|language=en|work=Irish Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/a-curtain-is-drawn-back-to-give-a-glimpse-1.1136690|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I mí Feabhra 2024,  rinne sé cur i láthair d'Éirinn os comhair na Cúirte Idirnáisiúnta i gcás forghabhála Iosraelach ar chríocha Palaistíneacha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2024/0222/1433686-ireland-icj-israel/|title=ICJ told Israel in 'serious breach' of Palestinian rights|date=22 February 2024|language=en|access-date=23 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gairmréim acadúil ==
Bhí Fanning ina léachtóir le dlí i UCD, ag léachtóireacht i ndlí na gcuideachtaí agus i ndlí bunreachtúil.[3]  agus scríobh sé ar na hábhair seo don ''Irish Jurist''.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.irishjurist.com/previous.htm|title=Previous Editions|work=Irish Jurist|access-date=17 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mar gheall ar fhás a chleachtais, d'éirigh sé as an múinteoireacht. &lt;ref name=&quot;IT 19 Dec 2022&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2022/12/19/rossa-fanning-profile-new-ag-a-courtroom-bruiser-with-straight-talking-reputation/|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFCarswell2022&quot;&gt;Carswell, Simon (19 December 2022). [https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2022/12/19/rossa-fanning-profile-new-ag-a-courtroom-bruiser-with-straight-talking-reputation/ &quot;Rossa Fanning profile: New AG a courtroom bruiser with straight-talking reputation&quot;]. ''The Irish Times''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 December&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ghlac sé páirt i bplé painéil ag an Coinbhinsiún ar an mBunreach sa bhliain 2014 ar an ábhar cearta eacnamaíocha, sóisialta agus cultúrtha . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.atdireland.ie/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/ESCRights-Const-Conv-Report.pdf|title=Eighth Report of the Convention on the Constitution|publisher=Convention on the Constitution|access-date=17 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ard-Aighne ==
Ceapadh Fanning [[Ard-Aighne na hÉireann|ina Ard-Aighne na hÉireann]] ar an 17 Nollaig 2022 ar ainmniúchán [[Leo Varadkar]], ag teacht i gcomharbacht ar Paul Gallagher . &lt;ref name=&quot;members&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2022-12-17/9/|title=Appointment of Taoiseach and Nomination of Members of Government (33rd Dáil) – Vol. 1031 No. 4|date=17 December 2022|work=Houses of the Oireachtas|access-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105231838/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2022-12-17/9/|archive-date=5 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;iris101&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|date=23 December 2022|title=Appointment of the Attorney General|url=https://www.irisoifigiuil.ie/archive/2022/december/Ir231222.pdf#page=10|journal=Iris Oifigiúil|volume=2022|issue=101|accessdate=21 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saol pearsanta ==
Tá Fanning ina chónaí i lár chathair Bhaile Átha Cliath. Is iar-chathaoirleach é ar choiste roghnúcháin fhoireann Chorn Davis na hÉireann . &lt;ref name=&quot;IT 19 Dec 2022&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2022/12/19/rossa-fanning-profile-new-ag-a-courtroom-bruiser-with-straight-talking-reputation/|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFCarswell2022&quot;&gt;Carswell, Simon (19 December 2022). [https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2022/12/19/rossa-fanning-profile-new-ag-a-courtroom-bruiser-with-straight-talking-reputation/ &quot;Rossa Fanning profile: New AG a courtroom bruiser with straight-talking reputation&quot;]. ''The Irish Times''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 December&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Business Post 2022&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.businesspost.ie/news/michael-brennan-varadkar-names-cautious-cabinet-to-face-up-to-age-of-emergencies/|work=Business Post}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBrennan2022&quot;&gt;Brennan, Michael (17 December 2022). [https://www.businesspost.ie/news/michael-brennan-varadkar-names-cautious-cabinet-to-face-up-to-age-of-emergencies/ &quot;Varadkar names cautious cabinet to face up to 'age of emergencies'&quot;]. ''Business Post''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 December&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Alumni COBÁC]]
[[Catagóir:Ard-Aighní na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1976]]
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Is abhcóide Éireannach agus acadóir dlí é Rossa A. Fanning (rugadh 1976) atá ag feidhmiú mar Ard-Aighne na hÉireann ó mhí na Nollag 2022. Bhí a chleachtas ag an mBarra dírithe go príomha ar dhlíthíocht tráchtála agus dócmhainneacht.

== Luathshaol ==
Rugadh Fanning sa bhliain 1976 agus is as [[Baile na Lobhar]], [[Baile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath dó]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Business Post 2022&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.businesspost.ie/news/michael-brennan-varadkar-names-cautious-cabinet-to-face-up-to-age-of-emergencies/|work=Business Post}}&lt;/ref&gt; D’fhreastail sé ar an meánscoil i [[Coláiste na Carraige Duibhe|gColáiste na Carraige Duibhe]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.blackrockcollege.com/news/past-vs-present-debate-2017/|title=Past Vs Present Debate 2017|work=Blackrock College|access-date=17 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rinne sé staidéar ar chéim dlí BCL ó [[An Coláiste Ollscoile, Baile Átha Cliath|Choláiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath]] agus fuair sé céim mháistreachta ó UCD áit ar scríobh sé tráchtas ar ghnásanna sibhialta. &lt;ref name=&quot;UCD 2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.ucd.ie/law/staff_Rossa_Fanning.html|title=UCD School of law - Staff - Rossa Fanning|date=10 February 2007|work=ucd.ie|access-date=17 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210105346/http://www.ucd.ie/law/staff_Rossa_Fanning.html|archive-date=10 February 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le linn dó a bheith i gColáiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath, bhí sé ina cheann comhairimh d’Aontas na Mac Léinn i gColáiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath agus ina iniúchóir ar Chumann Dlí Choláiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://societies.ucd.ie/presidentsawards1998/|title=UCD President’s Award for Excellence in Student Activities 1998|access-date=17 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rinne sé staidéar le haghaidh céim LLM i Scoil Dlí Ollscoil Michigan mar scoláire de chuid Chlár Fulbright . &lt;ref name=&quot;Independent 2013&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/business/irish/judges-lack-the-resources-to-deal-with-this-recession-29695424.html|language=en|work=Irish Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt; D’fhreastail sé ar [[Óstaí an Rí]] agus ba é buaiteoir aonair Dhíospóireacht an Irish Times é agus é ag staidéar ann. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/dublin-dominates-irish-times-debate-1.156085|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gairmréim dlí ==
Glaodh Fanning chun an Bharra sa bhliain 1999 agus d’oibrigh sé mar &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i&gt;chúntóir&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; do David Barniville . &lt;ref name=&quot;IT 19 Dec 2022&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2022/12/19/rossa-fanning-profile-new-ag-a-courtroom-bruiser-with-straight-talking-reputation/|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ceapadh é ina Abhcóide  Sinsearach sa bhliainn 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;Law Library Profile&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.lawlibrary.ie/members/rossa-a-fanning-sc/|title=Rossa A Fanning SC|language=en|work=Law Library|access-date=17 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128232925/https://www.lawlibrary.ie/members/rossa-a-fanning-sc/|archive-date=28 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; D’oibrigh sé ar raon leathan cásanna tráchtála, lena n-áirítear dócmhainneacht agus athstruchturú, léasanna tráchtála, clúmhilleadh, aisghabháil fiachais, urghabhálacha, agus faillí ghairmiúil.D’oibrigh sé ar fud réimse leathan cásanna tráchtála lena n-áirítear dócmhainneacht agus athstruchtúrú, léasanna tráchtála, clúmhilleadh, aisghabháil fiachais, athshealbhú agus faillí ghairmiúil. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2022/0427/1294731-case-between-kilkenny-shop-and-landlord-adjourned/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Independent 2013&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/business/irish/judges-lack-the-resources-to-deal-with-this-recession-29695424.html|language=en|work=Irish Independent}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.independent.ie/business/irish/judges-lack-the-resources-to-deal-with-this-recession-29695424.html &quot;Judges lack the resources to deal with this recession&quot;]. ''Irish Independent''. 24 October 2013&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17 December&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;RTE 20 Jul 22&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2022/0720/1311242-nora-quoirin/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2009/0427/116741-bankofireland/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2021/0907/1245247-commercial-court-to-hear-building-supplies-share-case/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2020/1203/1182176-dunnes-stores-mr-price-court/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2020/0310/1121387-mcgann-family-roscommon/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/courts/high-court/court-hears-12m-dalkey-house-is-country-s-unluckiest-1.2208467|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cásanna suntasacha ===
Tá sé tar éis ionadaíocht a dhéanamh do chomhlachtaí teicneolaíochta ilnáisiúnta éagsúla, lena n-áirítear [[Meta Platforms|Facebook]], [[Google]], agus [[X (líonra sóisialta)|Twitter]], i ndíospóidí. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2022/0517/1299533-google-high-court/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;RTE 20 Jul 22&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2022/0720/1311242-nora-quoirin/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFO'Donnell2022&quot;&gt;O'Donnell, Orla (20 July 2022). [https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2022/0720/1311242-nora-quoirin/ &quot;Parents of Nóra Quoirin settle case against Facebook&quot;]. ''RTÉ News''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17 December&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/mcd-to-pursue-prince-over-2-2m-1.856108|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/courts/high-court/iona-institute-member-sues-twitter-over-alleged-defamation-1.3726434|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ghníomhaigh sé thar ceann [[Rory McIlroy]] i ndíospóid san [[Ard-Chúirt (Éire)|Ard-Chúirt]] faoi chomhaontuithe lena iar-chomhlacht bainistíochta agus bhí sé ina abhcóide do MCD Productions nuair a rinne siad iarracht breithiúnas a fhorghníomhú in aghaidh [[Prince]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2014/0916/644186-mcilroy-horizon/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

D'oibrigh Fanning ar chásanna do chleachtóirí dócmhainneachta agus creidiúnaithe i gcásanna suntasacha lena n-áirítear CityJet, USIT, Monsoon Accessorize, ''[[The Sunday Business Post|Business Post]]'', Debenhams, agus [[Norwegian|Norwegian Air]], agus ghníomhaigh sé do ghlacadóirí Apollo House . &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2020/0427/1135158-high-court-confirms-appointment-of-examiner-to-cityjet/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2020/0327/1126905-liquidators-appointed-to-usit-student-travel-group/|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2020/0623/1149251-liquidator-appointed-to-monsoon-accessorize-in-ireland/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2013/0619/457507-sbp-examinership-court/|language=en|work=RTE.ie}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2016/0525/790955-debenham-examinership/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2021/0115/1190061-norwegian-air-high-court/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2016/1220/840244-apollo-house-high-court/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhain sé breithiúnas €8.2 milliún amach i gcoinne Bill Cullen thar ceann a chliant Danske Bank sa bhliain 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2012/1112/345320-judgment-against-bill-cullen/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí Fanning ina abhcóide do Michael Fingleton i gcás aisghabhála fiachais a thóg an t-iar-fhostóir, Cumann Foirgníochta Forleitheadach na hÉirean . &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/business/arid-20135180.html|language=en|work=Irish Examiner}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí sé ina bhall den fhoireann dlí a bhí ag cosaint [[Seán Quinn|Sheán Quinn]] agus beirt dá mhic i gcás a thionscain [[Banc Angla-Éireannach]] ach d’éirigh sé as agus an cás ar siúl. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/courts/blow-to-sean-quinn-case-as-key-lawyer-rossa-quits-26873164.html|language=en|work=Irish Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/04/business/global/04iht-quinn04.html|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí sé ina abhcóide cosanta do [[:en:Congregation_of_the_Holy_Spirit|Congregation of the Holy Spirit]] i gcás sibhialta le haghaidh damáistí. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2016/0418/782696-abuse/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa bhliain 2022, rinne sé ionadaíocht do Dany Boon i gcás san Ard-Chúirt chun airgead a aisghabháil a mhaígh Boon a tógadh uaidh go calaoiseach. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/courtandcrime/arid-41020415.html|language=en|work=Irish Examiner}}&lt;/ref&gt;

D’oibrigh Fanning ar son an Stáit in imeachtaí athbhreithnithe bhreithiúnaigh agus ar son an Údaráis Rialála Táirgí Sláinte i gcás tástála a bhain leis an vacsaín Pandemrix. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2022/0714/1310291-thc-court-action/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2019/1015/1083550-narcolepsy-court-case/|language=en|work=RTE.ie}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí sé ina aturnae ag Binse an Fhiosrúcháin (do Paul Williams agus Independent News and Media) agus ag an [[Binse Fiosrúcháin Moriarty|mBinse Moriarty]] (do [[Michael Lowry]] ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/courts/disclosures-tribunal-ex-garda-press-officer-accused-of-false-and-implausible-evidence-36911465.html|language=en|work=Irish Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/a-curtain-is-drawn-back-to-give-a-glimpse-1.1136690|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I mí Feabhra 2024,  rinne sé cur i láthair d'Éirinn os comhair na Cúirte Idirnáisiúnta i gcás forghabhála Iosraelach ar chríocha Palaistíneacha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2024/0222/1433686-ireland-icj-israel/|title=ICJ told Israel in 'serious breach' of Palestinian rights|date=22 February 2024|language=en|access-date=23 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gairmréim acadúil ==
Bhí Fanning ina léachtóir le dlí i UCD, ag léachtóireacht i ndlí na gcuideachtaí agus i ndlí bunreachtúil.[3]  agus scríobh sé ar na hábhair seo don ''Irish Jurist''.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.irishjurist.com/previous.htm|title=Previous Editions|work=Irish Jurist|access-date=17 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mar gheall ar fhás a chleachtais, d'éirigh sé as an múinteoireacht. &lt;ref name=&quot;IT 19 Dec 2022&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2022/12/19/rossa-fanning-profile-new-ag-a-courtroom-bruiser-with-straight-talking-reputation/|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFCarswell2022&quot;&gt;Carswell, Simon (19 December 2022). [https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2022/12/19/rossa-fanning-profile-new-ag-a-courtroom-bruiser-with-straight-talking-reputation/ &quot;Rossa Fanning profile: New AG a courtroom bruiser with straight-talking reputation&quot;]. ''The Irish Times''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 December&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ghlac sé páirt i bplé painéil ag an Coinbhinsiún ar an mBunreach sa bhliain 2014 ar an ábhar cearta eacnamaíocha, sóisialta agus cultúrtha . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.atdireland.ie/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/ESCRights-Const-Conv-Report.pdf|title=Eighth Report of the Convention on the Constitution|publisher=Convention on the Constitution|access-date=17 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ard-Aighne ==
Ceapadh Fanning [[Ard-Aighne na hÉireann|ina Ard-Aighne na hÉireann]] ar an 17 Nollaig 2022 ar ainmniúchán [[Leo Varadkar]], ag teacht i gcomharbacht ar Paul Gallagher . &lt;ref name=&quot;members&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2022-12-17/9/|title=Appointment of Taoiseach and Nomination of Members of Government (33rd Dáil) – Vol. 1031 No. 4|date=17 December 2022|work=Houses of the Oireachtas|access-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105231838/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2022-12-17/9/|archive-date=5 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;iris101&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|date=23 December 2022|title=Appointment of the Attorney General|url=https://www.irisoifigiuil.ie/archive/2022/december/Ir231222.pdf#page=10|journal=Iris Oifigiúil|volume=2022|issue=101|accessdate=21 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saol pearsanta ==
Tá Fanning ina chónaí i lár chathair Bhaile Átha Cliath. Is iar-chathaoirleach é ar choiste roghnúcháin fhoireann Chorn Davis na hÉireann . &lt;ref name=&quot;IT 19 Dec 2022&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2022/12/19/rossa-fanning-profile-new-ag-a-courtroom-bruiser-with-straight-talking-reputation/|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFCarswell2022&quot;&gt;Carswell, Simon (19 December 2022). [https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2022/12/19/rossa-fanning-profile-new-ag-a-courtroom-bruiser-with-straight-talking-reputation/ &quot;Rossa Fanning profile: New AG a courtroom bruiser with straight-talking reputation&quot;]. ''The Irish Times''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 December&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Business Post 2022&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.businesspost.ie/news/michael-brennan-varadkar-names-cautious-cabinet-to-face-up-to-age-of-emergencies/|work=Business Post}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBrennan2022&quot;&gt;Brennan, Michael (17 December 2022). [https://www.businesspost.ie/news/michael-brennan-varadkar-names-cautious-cabinet-to-face-up-to-age-of-emergencies/ &quot;Varadkar names cautious cabinet to face up to 'age of emergencies'&quot;]. ''Business Post''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 December&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Alumni COBÁC]]
[[Catagóir:Ard-Aighní na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1976]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]</text>
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Is abhcóide Éireannach agus acadóir dlí é Rossa A. Fanning (rugadh 1976) atá ag feidhmiú mar Ard-Aighne na hÉireann ó mhí na Nollag 2022. Bhí a chleachtas ag an mBarra dírithe go príomha ar dhlíthíocht tráchtála agus dócmhainneacht.

== Luathshaol ==
Rugadh Fanning sa bhliain 1976 agus is as [[Baile na Lobhar]], [[Baile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath dó]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Business Post 2022&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.businesspost.ie/news/michael-brennan-varadkar-names-cautious-cabinet-to-face-up-to-age-of-emergencies/|work=Business Post}}&lt;/ref&gt; D’fhreastail sé ar an meánscoil i [[Coláiste na Carraige Duibhe|gColáiste na Carraige Duibhe]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.blackrockcollege.com/news/past-vs-present-debate-2017/|title=Past Vs Present Debate 2017|work=Blackrock College|access-date=17 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rinne sé staidéar ar chéim dlí BCL ó [[An Coláiste Ollscoile, Baile Átha Cliath|Choláiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath]] agus fuair sé céim mháistreachta ó UCD áit ar scríobh sé tráchtas ar ghnásanna sibhialta. &lt;ref name=&quot;UCD 2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.ucd.ie/law/staff_Rossa_Fanning.html|title=UCD School of law - Staff - Rossa Fanning|date=10 February 2007|work=ucd.ie|access-date=17 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210105346/http://www.ucd.ie/law/staff_Rossa_Fanning.html|archive-date=10 February 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le linn dó a bheith i gColáiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath, bhí sé ina cheann comhairimh d’Aontas na Mac Léinn i gColáiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath agus ina iniúchóir ar Chumann Dlí Choláiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://societies.ucd.ie/presidentsawards1998/|title=UCD President’s Award for Excellence in Student Activities 1998|access-date=17 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rinne sé staidéar le haghaidh céim LLM i Scoil Dlí Ollscoil Michigan mar scoláire de chuid Chlár Fulbright . &lt;ref name=&quot;Independent 2013&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/business/irish/judges-lack-the-resources-to-deal-with-this-recession-29695424.html|language=en|work=Irish Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt; D’fhreastail sé ar [[Óstaí an Rí]] agus ba é buaiteoir aonair Dhíospóireacht an Irish Times é agus é ag staidéar ann. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/dublin-dominates-irish-times-debate-1.156085|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gairmréim dlí ==
Glaodh Fanning chun an Bharra sa bhliain 1999 agus d’oibrigh sé mar &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i&gt;chúntóir&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; do David Barniville . &lt;ref name=&quot;IT 19 Dec 2022&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2022/12/19/rossa-fanning-profile-new-ag-a-courtroom-bruiser-with-straight-talking-reputation/|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ceapadh é ina Abhcóide  Sinsearach sa bhliainn 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;Law Library Profile&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.lawlibrary.ie/members/rossa-a-fanning-sc/|title=Rossa A Fanning SC|language=en|work=Law Library|access-date=17 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128232925/https://www.lawlibrary.ie/members/rossa-a-fanning-sc/|archive-date=28 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; D’oibrigh sé ar raon leathan cásanna tráchtála, lena n-áirítear dócmhainneacht agus athstruchturú, léasanna tráchtála, clúmhilleadh, aisghabháil fiachais, urghabhálacha, agus faillí ghairmiúil.D’oibrigh sé ar fud réimse leathan cásanna tráchtála lena n-áirítear dócmhainneacht agus athstruchtúrú, léasanna tráchtála, clúmhilleadh, aisghabháil fiachais, athshealbhú agus faillí ghairmiúil. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2022/0427/1294731-case-between-kilkenny-shop-and-landlord-adjourned/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Independent 2013&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/business/irish/judges-lack-the-resources-to-deal-with-this-recession-29695424.html|language=en|work=Irish Independent}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.independent.ie/business/irish/judges-lack-the-resources-to-deal-with-this-recession-29695424.html &quot;Judges lack the resources to deal with this recession&quot;]. ''Irish Independent''. 24 October 2013&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17 December&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;RTE 20 Jul 22&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2022/0720/1311242-nora-quoirin/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2009/0427/116741-bankofireland/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2021/0907/1245247-commercial-court-to-hear-building-supplies-share-case/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2020/1203/1182176-dunnes-stores-mr-price-court/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2020/0310/1121387-mcgann-family-roscommon/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/courts/high-court/court-hears-12m-dalkey-house-is-country-s-unluckiest-1.2208467|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cásanna suntasacha ===
Tá sé tar éis ionadaíocht a dhéanamh do chomhlachtaí teicneolaíochta ilnáisiúnta éagsúla, lena n-áirítear [[Meta Platforms|Facebook]], [[Google]], agus [[X (líonra sóisialta)|Twitter]], i ndíospóidí. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2022/0517/1299533-google-high-court/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;RTE 20 Jul 22&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2022/0720/1311242-nora-quoirin/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFO'Donnell2022&quot;&gt;O'Donnell, Orla (20 July 2022). [https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2022/0720/1311242-nora-quoirin/ &quot;Parents of Nóra Quoirin settle case against Facebook&quot;]. ''RTÉ News''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17 December&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/mcd-to-pursue-prince-over-2-2m-1.856108|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/courts/high-court/iona-institute-member-sues-twitter-over-alleged-defamation-1.3726434|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ghníomhaigh sé thar ceann [[Rory McIlroy]] i ndíospóid san [[Ard-Chúirt (Éire)|Ard-Chúirt]] faoi chomhaontuithe lena iar-chomhlacht bainistíochta agus bhí sé ina abhcóide do MCD Productions nuair a rinne siad iarracht breithiúnas a fhorghníomhú in aghaidh [[Prince]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2014/0916/644186-mcilroy-horizon/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

D'oibrigh Fanning ar chásanna do chleachtóirí dócmhainneachta agus creidiúnaithe i gcásanna suntasacha lena n-áirítear CityJet, USIT, Monsoon Accessorize, ''[[The Sunday Business Post|Business Post]]'', Debenhams, agus [[Norwegian|Norwegian Air]], agus ghníomhaigh sé do ghlacadóirí Apollo House . &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2020/0427/1135158-high-court-confirms-appointment-of-examiner-to-cityjet/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2020/0327/1126905-liquidators-appointed-to-usit-student-travel-group/|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2020/0623/1149251-liquidator-appointed-to-monsoon-accessorize-in-ireland/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2013/0619/457507-sbp-examinership-court/|language=en|work=RTE.ie}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2016/0525/790955-debenham-examinership/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2021/0115/1190061-norwegian-air-high-court/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2016/1220/840244-apollo-house-high-court/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhain sé breithiúnas €8.2 milliún amach i gcoinne Bill Cullen thar ceann a chliant Danske Bank sa bhliain 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2012/1112/345320-judgment-against-bill-cullen/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí Fanning ina abhcóide do Michael Fingleton i gcás aisghabhála fiachais a thóg an t-iar-fhostóir, Cumann Foirgníochta Forleitheadach na hÉirean . &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/business/arid-20135180.html|language=en|work=Irish Examiner}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí sé ina bhall den fhoireann dlí a bhí ag cosaint [[Seán Quinn|Sheán Quinn]] agus beirt dá mhic i gcás a thionscain [[Banc Angla-Éireannach]] ach d’éirigh sé as agus an cás ar siúl. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/courts/blow-to-sean-quinn-case-as-key-lawyer-rossa-quits-26873164.html|language=en|work=Irish Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/04/business/global/04iht-quinn04.html|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí sé ina abhcóide cosanta do [[:en:Congregation_of_the_Holy_Spirit|Congregation of the Holy Spirit]] i gcás sibhialta le haghaidh damáistí. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2016/0418/782696-abuse/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa bhliain 2022, rinne sé ionadaíocht do Dany Boon i gcás san Ard-Chúirt chun airgead a aisghabháil a mhaígh Boon a tógadh uaidh go calaoiseach. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/courtandcrime/arid-41020415.html|language=en|work=Irish Examiner}}&lt;/ref&gt;

D’oibrigh Fanning ar son an Stáit in imeachtaí athbhreithnithe bhreithiúnaigh agus ar son an Údaráis Rialála Táirgí Sláinte i gcás tástála a bhain leis an vacsaín Pandemrix. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2022/0714/1310291-thc-court-action/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2019/1015/1083550-narcolepsy-court-case/|language=en|work=RTE.ie}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí sé ina aturnae ag Binse an Fhiosrúcháin (do Paul Williams agus Independent News and Media) agus ag an [[Binse Fiosrúcháin Moriarty|mBinse Moriarty]] (do [[Michael Lowry]] ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/courts/disclosures-tribunal-ex-garda-press-officer-accused-of-false-and-implausible-evidence-36911465.html|language=en|work=Irish Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/a-curtain-is-drawn-back-to-give-a-glimpse-1.1136690|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I mí Feabhra 2024,  rinne sé cur i láthair d'Éirinn os comhair na Cúirte Idirnáisiúnta i gcás forghabhála Iosraelach ar chríocha Palaistíneacha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2024/0222/1433686-ireland-icj-israel/|title=ICJ told Israel in 'serious breach' of Palestinian rights|date=22 February 2024|language=en|access-date=23 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gairmréim acadúil ==
Bhí Fanning ina léachtóir le dlí i UCD, ag léachtóireacht i ndlí na gcuideachtaí agus i ndlí bunreachtúil.[3]  agus scríobh sé ar na hábhair seo don ''Irish Jurist''.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.irishjurist.com/previous.htm|title=Previous Editions|work=Irish Jurist|access-date=17 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mar gheall ar fhás a chleachtais, d'éirigh sé as an múinteoireacht. &lt;ref name=&quot;IT 19 Dec 2022&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2022/12/19/rossa-fanning-profile-new-ag-a-courtroom-bruiser-with-straight-talking-reputation/|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFCarswell2022&quot;&gt;Carswell, Simon (19 December 2022). [https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2022/12/19/rossa-fanning-profile-new-ag-a-courtroom-bruiser-with-straight-talking-reputation/ &quot;Rossa Fanning profile: New AG a courtroom bruiser with straight-talking reputation&quot;]. ''The Irish Times''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 December&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ghlac sé páirt i bplé painéil ag an Coinbhinsiún ar an mBunreach sa bhliain 2014 ar an ábhar cearta eacnamaíocha, sóisialta agus cultúrtha . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.atdireland.ie/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/ESCRights-Const-Conv-Report.pdf|title=Eighth Report of the Convention on the Constitution|publisher=Convention on the Constitution|access-date=17 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ard-Aighne ==
Ceapadh Fanning [[Ard-Aighne na hÉireann|ina Ard-Aighne na hÉireann]] ar an 17 Nollaig 2022 ar ainmniúchán [[Leo Varadkar]], ag teacht i gcomharbacht ar Paul Gallagher . &lt;ref name=&quot;members&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2022-12-17/9/|title=Appointment of Taoiseach and Nomination of Members of Government (33rd Dáil) – Vol. 1031 No. 4|date=17 December 2022|work=Houses of the Oireachtas|access-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105231838/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2022-12-17/9/|archive-date=5 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;iris101&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|date=23 December 2022|title=Appointment of the Attorney General|url=https://www.irisoifigiuil.ie/archive/2022/december/Ir231222.pdf#page=10|journal=Iris Oifigiúil|volume=2022|issue=101|accessdate=21 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saol pearsanta ==
Tá Fanning ina chónaí i lár chathair Bhaile Átha Cliath. Is iar-chathaoirleach é ar choiste roghnúcháin fhoireann Chorn Davis na hÉireann . &lt;ref name=&quot;IT 19 Dec 2022&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2022/12/19/rossa-fanning-profile-new-ag-a-courtroom-bruiser-with-straight-talking-reputation/|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFCarswell2022&quot;&gt;Carswell, Simon (19 December 2022). [https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2022/12/19/rossa-fanning-profile-new-ag-a-courtroom-bruiser-with-straight-talking-reputation/ &quot;Rossa Fanning profile: New AG a courtroom bruiser with straight-talking reputation&quot;]. ''The Irish Times''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 December&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Business Post 2022&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.businesspost.ie/news/michael-brennan-varadkar-names-cautious-cabinet-to-face-up-to-age-of-emergencies/|work=Business Post}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBrennan2022&quot;&gt;Brennan, Michael (17 December 2022). [https://www.businesspost.ie/news/michael-brennan-varadkar-names-cautious-cabinet-to-face-up-to-age-of-emergencies/ &quot;Varadkar names cautious cabinet to face up to 'age of emergencies'&quot;]. ''Business Post''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 December&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Alumni COBÁC]]
[[Catagóir:Ard-Aighní na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1976]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]</text>
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Is abhcóide Éireannach agus acadóir dlí é '''Rossa A. Fanning''' (rugadh 1976) atá ag feidhmiú mar Ard-Aighne na hÉireann ó mhí na Nollag 2022. Bhí a chleachtas ag an mBarra dírithe go príomha ar dhlíthíocht tráchtála agus dócmhainneacht.

== Luathshaol ==
Rugadh Fanning sa bhliain 1976 agus is as [[Baile na Lobhar]], [[Baile Átha Cliath|Baile Átha Cliath dó]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Business Post 2022&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.businesspost.ie/news/michael-brennan-varadkar-names-cautious-cabinet-to-face-up-to-age-of-emergencies/|work=Business Post}}&lt;/ref&gt; D’fhreastail sé ar an meánscoil i [[Coláiste na Carraige Duibhe|gColáiste na Carraige Duibhe]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.blackrockcollege.com/news/past-vs-present-debate-2017/|title=Past Vs Present Debate 2017|work=Blackrock College|access-date=17 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rinne sé staidéar ar chéim dlí BCL ó [[An Coláiste Ollscoile, Baile Átha Cliath|Choláiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath]] agus fuair sé céim mháistreachta ó UCD áit ar scríobh sé tráchtas ar ghnásanna sibhialta. &lt;ref name=&quot;UCD 2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.ucd.ie/law/staff_Rossa_Fanning.html|title=UCD School of law - Staff - Rossa Fanning|date=10 February 2007|work=ucd.ie|access-date=17 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210105346/http://www.ucd.ie/law/staff_Rossa_Fanning.html|archive-date=10 February 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le linn dó a bheith i gColáiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath, bhí sé ina cheann comhairimh d’Aontas na Mac Léinn i gColáiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath agus ina iniúchóir ar Chumann Dlí Choláiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://societies.ucd.ie/presidentsawards1998/|title=UCD President’s Award for Excellence in Student Activities 1998|access-date=17 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rinne sé staidéar le haghaidh céim LLM i Scoil Dlí Ollscoil Michigan mar scoláire de chuid Chlár Fulbright . &lt;ref name=&quot;Independent 2013&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/business/irish/judges-lack-the-resources-to-deal-with-this-recession-29695424.html|language=en|work=Irish Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt; D’fhreastail sé ar [[Óstaí an Rí]] agus ba é buaiteoir aonair Dhíospóireacht an Irish Times é agus é ag staidéar ann. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/dublin-dominates-irish-times-debate-1.156085|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gairmréim dlí ==
Glaodh Fanning chun an Bharra sa bhliain 1999 agus d’oibrigh sé mar &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i&gt;chúntóir&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; do David Barniville . &lt;ref name=&quot;IT 19 Dec 2022&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2022/12/19/rossa-fanning-profile-new-ag-a-courtroom-bruiser-with-straight-talking-reputation/|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ceapadh é ina Abhcóide  Sinsearach sa bhliainn 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;Law Library Profile&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.lawlibrary.ie/members/rossa-a-fanning-sc/|title=Rossa A Fanning SC|language=en|work=Law Library|access-date=17 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128232925/https://www.lawlibrary.ie/members/rossa-a-fanning-sc/|archive-date=28 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; D’oibrigh sé ar raon leathan cásanna tráchtála, lena n-áirítear dócmhainneacht agus athstruchturú, léasanna tráchtála, clúmhilleadh, aisghabháil fiachais, urghabhálacha, agus faillí ghairmiúil.D’oibrigh sé ar fud réimse leathan cásanna tráchtála lena n-áirítear dócmhainneacht agus athstruchtúrú, léasanna tráchtála, clúmhilleadh, aisghabháil fiachais, athshealbhú agus faillí ghairmiúil. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2022/0427/1294731-case-between-kilkenny-shop-and-landlord-adjourned/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Independent 2013&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/business/irish/judges-lack-the-resources-to-deal-with-this-recession-29695424.html|language=en|work=Irish Independent}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.independent.ie/business/irish/judges-lack-the-resources-to-deal-with-this-recession-29695424.html &quot;Judges lack the resources to deal with this recession&quot;]. ''Irish Independent''. 24 October 2013&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17 December&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;RTE 20 Jul 22&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2022/0720/1311242-nora-quoirin/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2009/0427/116741-bankofireland/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2021/0907/1245247-commercial-court-to-hear-building-supplies-share-case/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2020/1203/1182176-dunnes-stores-mr-price-court/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2020/0310/1121387-mcgann-family-roscommon/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/courts/high-court/court-hears-12m-dalkey-house-is-country-s-unluckiest-1.2208467|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cásanna suntasacha ===
Tá sé tar éis ionadaíocht a dhéanamh do chomhlachtaí teicneolaíochta ilnáisiúnta éagsúla, lena n-áirítear [[Meta Platforms|Facebook]], [[Google]], agus [[X (líonra sóisialta)|Twitter]], i ndíospóidí. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2022/0517/1299533-google-high-court/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;RTE 20 Jul 22&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2022/0720/1311242-nora-quoirin/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFO'Donnell2022&quot;&gt;O'Donnell, Orla (20 July 2022). [https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2022/0720/1311242-nora-quoirin/ &quot;Parents of Nóra Quoirin settle case against Facebook&quot;]. ''RTÉ News''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17 December&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/mcd-to-pursue-prince-over-2-2m-1.856108|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/courts/high-court/iona-institute-member-sues-twitter-over-alleged-defamation-1.3726434|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ghníomhaigh sé thar ceann [[Rory McIlroy]] i ndíospóid san [[Ard-Chúirt (Éire)|Ard-Chúirt]] faoi chomhaontuithe lena iar-chomhlacht bainistíochta agus bhí sé ina abhcóide do MCD Productions nuair a rinne siad iarracht breithiúnas a fhorghníomhú in aghaidh [[Prince]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2014/0916/644186-mcilroy-horizon/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

D'oibrigh Fanning ar chásanna do chleachtóirí dócmhainneachta agus creidiúnaithe i gcásanna suntasacha lena n-áirítear CityJet, USIT, Monsoon Accessorize, ''[[The Sunday Business Post|Business Post]]'', Debenhams, agus [[Norwegian|Norwegian Air]], agus ghníomhaigh sé do ghlacadóirí Apollo House . &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2020/0427/1135158-high-court-confirms-appointment-of-examiner-to-cityjet/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2020/0327/1126905-liquidators-appointed-to-usit-student-travel-group/|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2020/0623/1149251-liquidator-appointed-to-monsoon-accessorize-in-ireland/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2013/0619/457507-sbp-examinership-court/|language=en|work=RTE.ie}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2016/0525/790955-debenham-examinership/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2021/0115/1190061-norwegian-air-high-court/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2016/1220/840244-apollo-house-high-court/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhain sé breithiúnas €8.2 milliún amach i gcoinne Bill Cullen thar ceann a chliant Danske Bank sa bhliain 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2012/1112/345320-judgment-against-bill-cullen/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí Fanning ina abhcóide do Michael Fingleton i gcás aisghabhála fiachais a thóg an t-iar-fhostóir, Cumann Foirgníochta Forleitheadach na hÉirean . &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/business/arid-20135180.html|language=en|work=Irish Examiner}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí sé ina bhall den fhoireann dlí a bhí ag cosaint [[Seán Quinn|Sheán Quinn]] agus beirt dá mhic i gcás a thionscain [[Banc Angla-Éireannach]] ach d’éirigh sé as agus an cás ar siúl. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/courts/blow-to-sean-quinn-case-as-key-lawyer-rossa-quits-26873164.html|language=en|work=Irish Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/04/business/global/04iht-quinn04.html|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí sé ina abhcóide cosanta do [[:en:Congregation_of_the_Holy_Spirit|Congregation of the Holy Spirit]] i gcás sibhialta le haghaidh damáistí. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2016/0418/782696-abuse/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa bhliain 2022, rinne sé ionadaíocht do Dany Boon i gcás san Ard-Chúirt chun airgead a aisghabháil a mhaígh Boon a tógadh uaidh go calaoiseach. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/courtandcrime/arid-41020415.html|language=en|work=Irish Examiner}}&lt;/ref&gt;

D’oibrigh Fanning ar son an Stáit in imeachtaí athbhreithnithe bhreithiúnaigh agus ar son an Údaráis Rialála Táirgí Sláinte i gcás tástála a bhain leis an vacsaín Pandemrix. &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2022/0714/1310291-thc-court-action/|language=en|work=RTÉ News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/courts/2019/1015/1083550-narcolepsy-court-case/|language=en|work=RTE.ie}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bhí sé ina aturnae ag Binse an Fhiosrúcháin (do Paul Williams agus Independent News and Media) agus ag an [[Binse Fiosrúcháin Moriarty|mBinse Moriarty]] (do [[Michael Lowry]] ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/courts/disclosures-tribunal-ex-garda-press-officer-accused-of-false-and-implausible-evidence-36911465.html|language=en|work=Irish Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/a-curtain-is-drawn-back-to-give-a-glimpse-1.1136690|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

I mí Feabhra 2024,  rinne sé cur i láthair d'Éirinn os comhair na Cúirte Idirnáisiúnta i gcás forghabhála Iosraelach ar chríocha Palaistíneacha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2024/0222/1433686-ireland-icj-israel/|title=ICJ told Israel in 'serious breach' of Palestinian rights|date=22 February 2024|language=en|access-date=23 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gairmréim acadúil ==
Bhí Fanning ina léachtóir le dlí i UCD, ag léachtóireacht i ndlí na gcuideachtaí agus i ndlí bunreachtúil.[3]  agus scríobh sé ar na hábhair seo don ''Irish Jurist''.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.irishjurist.com/previous.htm|title=Previous Editions|work=Irish Jurist|access-date=17 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mar gheall ar fhás a chleachtais, d'éirigh sé as an múinteoireacht. &lt;ref name=&quot;IT 19 Dec 2022&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2022/12/19/rossa-fanning-profile-new-ag-a-courtroom-bruiser-with-straight-talking-reputation/|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFCarswell2022&quot;&gt;Carswell, Simon (19 December 2022). [https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2022/12/19/rossa-fanning-profile-new-ag-a-courtroom-bruiser-with-straight-talking-reputation/ &quot;Rossa Fanning profile: New AG a courtroom bruiser with straight-talking reputation&quot;]. ''The Irish Times''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 December&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ghlac sé páirt i bplé painéil ag an Coinbhinsiún ar an mBunreach sa bhliain 2014 ar an ábhar cearta eacnamaíocha, sóisialta agus cultúrtha . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.atdireland.ie/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/ESCRights-Const-Conv-Report.pdf|title=Eighth Report of the Convention on the Constitution|publisher=Convention on the Constitution|access-date=17 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ard-Aighne ==
Ceapadh Fanning [[Ard-Aighne na hÉireann|ina Ard-Aighne na hÉireann]] ar an 17 Nollaig 2022 ar ainmniúchán [[Leo Varadkar]], ag teacht i gcomharbacht ar Paul Gallagher . &lt;ref name=&quot;members&quot;&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2022-12-17/9/|title=Appointment of Taoiseach and Nomination of Members of Government (33rd Dáil) – Vol. 1031 No. 4|date=17 December 2022|work=Houses of the Oireachtas|access-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105231838/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2022-12-17/9/|archive-date=5 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;iris101&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|date=23 December 2022|title=Appointment of the Attorney General|url=https://www.irisoifigiuil.ie/archive/2022/december/Ir231222.pdf#page=10|journal=Iris Oifigiúil|volume=2022|issue=101|accessdate=21 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saol pearsanta ==
Tá Fanning ina chónaí i lár chathair Bhaile Átha Cliath. Is iar-chathaoirleach é ar choiste roghnúcháin fhoireann Chorn Davis na hÉireann . &lt;ref name=&quot;IT 19 Dec 2022&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2022/12/19/rossa-fanning-profile-new-ag-a-courtroom-bruiser-with-straight-talking-reputation/|language=en|work=The Irish Times}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFCarswell2022&quot;&gt;Carswell, Simon (19 December 2022). [https://www.irishtimes.com/crime-law/2022/12/19/rossa-fanning-profile-new-ag-a-courtroom-bruiser-with-straight-talking-reputation/ &quot;Rossa Fanning profile: New AG a courtroom bruiser with straight-talking reputation&quot;]. ''The Irish Times''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 December&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Business Post 2022&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.businesspost.ie/news/michael-brennan-varadkar-names-cautious-cabinet-to-face-up-to-age-of-emergencies/|work=Business Post}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBrennan2022&quot;&gt;Brennan, Michael (17 December 2022). [https://www.businesspost.ie/news/michael-brennan-varadkar-names-cautious-cabinet-to-face-up-to-age-of-emergencies/ &quot;Varadkar names cautious cabinet to face up to 'age of emergencies'&quot;]. ''Business Post''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;28 December&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Alumni COBÁC]]
[[Catagóir:Ard-Aighní na hÉireann]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1976]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]</text>
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    <title>Loch Charraig an Phoirt</title>
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'''Loch fionnuisce i bparóiste Chill Tiobrad, deisceart Chontae Liatroma, Éire is ea Loch Charraig an Phoirt .''' Tá sráidbhaile [[Droim Conga|Dhroim Conga]], agus [[Loch an Scoir|Loch Scur]], suite in aice láimhe. Tá cáil ar Loch Charraig an Phoirt as bran agus iascaireacht liús ar ardchaighdeán. {{Sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970}} Tá éiceolaíocht Loch Charraig an Phoirt, agus uiscebhealaí contae eile, faoi bhagairt ó speicis ionracha an líobhógach Afracach, an diúilicín riabhach, agus an débhlaoscach fionnuisce . {{Sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]
[[Catagóir:Comhordanáidí ar Wikidata]]
[[Catagóir:Ailt le téacs sa Ghaeilge]]</text>
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Loch fionnuisce i bparóiste [[Cill Tiobrad|Chill Tiobrad]], deisceart [[Contae Liatroma|Chontae Liatroma]], [[Éire]] is ea '''Loch Charraig an Phoirt'''. Tá sráidbhaile [[Droim Conga|Dhroim Conga]], agus [[Loch an Scoir]], suite in aice láimhe. Tá cáil ar Loch Charraig an Phoirt as bran agus iascaireacht [[Liúsphéirse|liús]] ar ardchaighdeán. {{Sfn|Leitrim Observer|1970}} Tá éiceolaíocht Loch Charraig an Phoirt, agus uiscebhealaí contae eile, faoi bhagairt ag speicis ionracha, a leithéid agus an líobhógach Afracach, an diúilicín riabhach, agus an débhlaoscach fionnuisce. {{Sfn|Pedreschi|Kelly-Quinn|Caffrey|O'Grady|2014}}
==Tagairtí==
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma|Loch Charraig an Phoirt]]
[[Catagóir:Láithreáin seandálaíochta i gContae Liatroma]]</text>
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    <title>Hayao Miyazaki</title>
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine|name=Hayao Miyazaki|image=Hayao Miyazaki cropped 1 Hayao Miyazaki 201211.jpg|alma_mater=[[Gakushuin University]]}}{{Infobox person|name=Hayao Miyazaki|image=Hayao Miyazaki cropped 1 Hayao Miyazaki 201211.jpg|caption=Miyazaki in 2012|native_name={{nobold|宮崎 駿}}|native_name_lang=ja|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1941|1|5}}|birth_place=[[Tokyo City]], [[Empire of Japan]]|occupation={{hlist|Animator|filmmaker|screenwriter|author|[[manga artist]]}}|years_active=1963–present|othername={{ubl|{{Nihongo|Akitsu Saburō|秋津 三朗}}|{{nihongo|Teruki Tsutomu|照樹 務}}}}|employer={{idp|
* [[Toei Animation]] (1963–71)
* [[Shin-Ei Animation|A-Pro]] (1971–73)
* [[Zuiyo|Zuiyō Eizō]] (1973–75)
* [[Nippon Animation]] (1975–79)
* [[Tokyo Movie Shinsha]] (1979–82)
* [[Topcraft]] (1982–85)
* [[Studio Ghibli]] (1985–present)}}|title=Honorary chairman|alma_mater=[[Gakushuin University]]|spouse={{marriage|Akemi Ōta|October 1965}}|children=2, including [[Goro Miyazaki|Goro]]|relations={{nowrap|[[Daisuke Tsutsumi]] (nephew-in-law)}}|signature=Hayao Miyazaki signature.svg|module={{Infobox Chinese/Japanese
| kanji            = 宮崎 駿
| romaji           = ''Miyazaki Hayao''}}}}Is beochantóir, scannánóir agus [[ealaíontóir manga]] Seapánach é Hayao Miyazaki (宮崎 駿 nó 宮﨑 駿, Miyazaki Hayao, [mijaꜜzaki hajao]; rugadh Eanair 5, 1941).  Comhbhunaigh sé [[Studio Ghibli]] agus tá sé ina cathaoirleach onórach.  Le linn a ghairme, tá clú idirnáisiúnta bainte amach aige mar scéalaí cumasach agus mar chruthaitheoir de scannáin lánfhada de  [[Anime|bheochan Seapánach]], agus síltear go forleathan gur é ceann de na scannánóirí is inniúla i [[History of animation|stair na beochana]].

Rugtha i gCathair Tóiceo, léirigh Miyazaki suim i manga agus sa bheochan ó haois óg. Chuaigh sé i mbun Toei Animation i 1963, ag obair mar ealaíontóir eadraíochta agus eochairbheochantóir ar scannáin ar nós ''Travels Beyond the Moon le Gulliver'' (1965), ''Puss in Boots'' (1969), agus ''Animal Treasure Island'' (1971), sular bhog sé go A-Pro i 1971, áit ar chomhstiúraigh sé ''Lupin the Third Part I'' (1971–1972) in éineacht le Isao Takahata . Tar éis dó bogadh go Zuiyō Eizō ( Nippon Animation níos déanaí) i 1973, d'oibrigh Miyazaki mar bheochantóir ar ''World Masterpiece Theatre'' agus stiúraigh sé an tsraith teilifíse ''Future Boy Conan'' (1978). Chuaigh sé i Tokyo Movie Shinsha i 1979 chun a chéad scannán lánfhada ''The Castle of Cagliostro'' (1979) agus an tsraith teilifíse ''Sherlock Hound'' (1984-1985) a stiúradh. Scríobh agus léirigh sé an manga ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'' (1982–1994) agus stiúraigh sé an cóiriú scannáin 1984 a léirigh Topcraft.


Chomhbhunaigh Miyazaki Studio Ghibli i 1985, ag scríobh agus ag stiúradh scannáin ar nós ''Laputa: Castle in the Sky'' (1986), ''My Neighbour Totoro'' (1988), ''Kiki's Delivery Service'' (1989), agus ''Porco Rosso'' (1992), a bhain ardmholadh ó léirmheastóirí agus rath tráchtála amach sa tSeapáin. Ba é ''Princess Mononoke'' (1997) le Miyazaki an chéad scannán beoite chun an Duais Scannán Acadamh na Seapáine le haghaidh Pictiúr na Bliana a bhuachan agus go gonnta bhí sé ina scannán leis an oll-thuilleamh is mó sa tSeapáin; mhéadaigh a dháileadh san Iarthar tóir agus tionchar Ghibli ar fud an domhain. Bhí ''Spirited Away'' (2001) ina scannán leis an gcomhlán is mó sa tSeapáin agus bhuaigh sé Gradam an Acadaimh don Scannán Lánfhada Bheoite is Fearr; is minic a rangaítear é i measc na scannán is fearr den 21ú haois. Bhain scannáin Miyazaki ina dhiaidh sin  - ''Howl's Moving Castle'' (2004), ''Ponyo'' (2008), agus ''The Wind Rises'' (2013) ardmholadh ó léirmheastóirí agus rath tráchtála amach freisin.  D’éirigh sé as na scannáin lánfhada in 2013 ach thánaig sé ar ais níos déanaí chun ''[[An Buachaill agus an Chorr]]'' (2023) a dhéanamh, a bhuaigh Gradam an Acadaimh don Scannán Lánfhada Bheoite is Fearr.

Is minic a bhíonn saothair Miyazaki faoi réir anailís léannta agus tréithrítear iad ag athfhilleadh na dtéamaí ar nós chaidreamh an chine dhaonna leis [[Dúlra|an dúlra]] agus leis an teicneolaíocht, tábhacht na healaíne agus na ceardaíochta, agus an deacracht a bhaineann le heitic shíochánta a choinneáil i ndomhan foréigneach. Is minic gur cailíní láidre nó mná óga iad a phríomhphearsana, agus cuireann roinnt dá scannáin  céilí comhraic morálta atá débhríoch go mórálta i láthair ina bhfuil tréithe dearfacha acu. Tá ardmholadh agus gradaim faighte ag shaothair Miyazaki; ainmníodh é ina Dhuine le Fiúntais Chultúrtha as ucht cuidithe cultúrtha den scoth i 2012, agus bronnadh Gradam Oinigh an Acadaimh as a thionchar ar bheochan agus ar scannánaíocht i 2014. Luadh Miyazaki go minic mar inspioráid do iliomad beochantóirí, stiúrthóirí agus scríbhneoirí.

== Saol luath ==
Rugadh Hayao Miyazaki ar 5 Eanáir, 1941, i mbaile Akebono-cho i Hongō, Cathair Tóiceo, Impireacht na Seapáine, an dara té de cheathrar mac. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Talbot|2005}} {{Efn|Miyazaki's brothers are Arata (born July 1939), Yutaka (born January 1944), and Shirou (born 1945).{{sfn|Lenburg|2012|p=11}}{{sfn|McCarthy|1999|p=26}} Influenced by their father, Miyazaki's brothers went into business; Miyazaki's son [[Goro Miyazaki|Goro]] believes this gave him a &quot;strong motivation to succeed at animation&quot;.{{sfn|Talbot|2005}}}} Bhí a athair, Katsuji Miyazaki (beirthe 1915), {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} ina stiúrthóir ar Eitleán Miyazaki, comhlacht a dhearthár, {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} a mhonaraigh stiúracha le haghaidh eitleáin troda le linn [[an Dara Cogadh Domhanda]] . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Thug an gnó deis dá theaghlach fanacht saibhir le linn luathshaol Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1988}} Bhain athair Miyazaki taitneamh as pictiúir a cheannach agus iad a léiriú do chuairteoirí, ach seachas sin ba bheag tuiscint ealaíonta aitheanta eile bhí aige. {{Sfn|Talbot|2005}} Bhí sé in Arm Impiriúil na Seapáine thart ar 1940, ach scaoileadh é agus tugadh léacht dó faoi mhídhílseacht tar éis a dhearbhú dá oifigeach ceannais nár mhian leis troid mar gheall ar a bhean chéile agus a leanbh óg. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} De réir Miyazaki, d'inis a athair dó go minic faoin a éachtaí, ag maíomh gur lean sé ag freastal ar chlubanna oíche tar éis dó 70 bliain d'aois a bhaint amach. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Fuair Katsuji Miyazaki bás ar 18 Márta, 1993. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Tar éis a bháis, bhraith Miyazaki gur fhéach sé go minic ar a athair go diúltach agus nach raibh aon rud &quot;ard nó spreagúil&quot; ráite aige riamh. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Bhí aiféala air nach raibh plé dáiríre aige lena athair, agus bhraith sé go raibh a chuid “mothúcháin ainrialaitheacha agus a easpa buartha maidir le glacadh le neamhréitigh contrárthachtaí&quot; faighte aige ó oidhreacht. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}}
[[Íomhá:Hayao_and_Yoshiko_Miyazaki.png|clé|mion|Bhí roinnt charactar ó scannáin Miyazaki spreagtha ón a mháthair Yoshiko.{{Sfn|Han|2020}} {{Sfn|Schley|2023}} ]]
Is ar na cuimhí is luaithe atá ag Miyazaki ná &quot;bombed-out cities&quot;.{{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}}  I 1944, nuair a bhí sé trí bliana d'aois, d'aslonngaigh teaghlach Miayzaki go [[Utsunomiya]] . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} I ndiaidh bhuamáil Utsunomiya in Iúil 1945, d'aslonnaigh é féin agus a theaghlach go Kanuma . {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1988}} D'fhág an bhuamáil imprisean buan ar Miyazaki, a bhí ceithre bliana d'aois ag an am. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1988}} Mar leanbh, d'fhulaing Miyazaki le fadhbanna díleácha, agus dúradh leis nach mairfeadh sé níos faide ná 20 bhliain d'aois, agus fágadh é ag brath mar dhíbeartach ; {{Sfn|Han|2020}} {{Sfn|Arakawa|2019}} shíl sé go raibh sé &quot;clumsy and weak&quot;, agus é á chosaint ag a dheartháir sinsir ar scoil. {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} Ó 1947 go 1955, d'fhulaing máthair Miyazaki, Yoshiko, ón eitinn dhromlaigh ; chaith sí an chéad chúpla bliain san ospidéal sular rinneadh cúram di ón mbaile, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} ag cur iachall ar Miyazaki agus a shiblíní chun glacadh le hobair an tí. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Bhí Yoshiko tíosach, {{Sfn|Talbot|2005}} agus cuireadh síos uirthi mar bhean dhian, éirimiúil a cheistigh &quot;socially accepted norms&quot; go rialta. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Ba mhó a bhí le Miyazaki, agus bhí tionchar láidir aici air agus ar a chuid oibre amach anseo. {{Sfn|Talbot|2005}} Fuair Yoshiko Miyazaki bás i mí Iúil 1983 ag 72 bliana d'aois. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Arakawa|2019}}

Thosaigh Miyazaki ar scoil mar aslonnaí sa bhliain 1947, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} ag bunscoil in Utsunomiya ag críochnú an céad go dtí an tríú ghrád. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} Tar éis a bhog a theaglach ar ais go Suginami-ku i 1950, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} chríochnaigh Miyazaki an ceathrú grád ag Bunscoil Ōmiya, agus an cúigiú grád ag Bunscoil Eifuku, a bhí nua-bhunaithe tar éis di scaradh ó Bunscoil Ōmiya. Tar éis dó céim a bhaint amach ó Eifuku mar chuid den chéad rang céimnithe, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} d'fhreastail sé ar [[:ja:杉並区立大宮中学校|Ardscoil Shóisearach Ōmiya]] . {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Bhí sé ag iarraidh a bheith ina ealaíontóir manga, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} ach fuair sé amach nach bhféadfadh sé daoine a tharraingt; ina ionad sin, tharraing sé eitleáin, tancann, agus longa cogaidh ar feadh roinnt blianta. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhí tionchar ag roinnt ealaíontóirí manga ar Miyazaki, ar nós Tetsuji Fukushima, [[:ja:山川惣治|Soji Yamakawa]] agus Osamu Tezuka . Scrios Miyazaki go leor dá shaothar luath, ag creidiúint go raibh sé mar &quot;bad form&quot; chun stíl Tezuka a chóipeáil mar go raibh sé ag cur bac ar a fhorbairt féin mar ealaíontóir. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Comic Box|1982}} B’fhearr leis ealaíontóirí ar nós Tezuka a fheiceáil mar chomhealaíontóirí seachas mar laoich le onóir a thabhairt dóibh. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Timpeall an ama seo, is minic a bhreathnaigh Miyazaki ar scannáin lena athair, a bhí ina ghnáthóir scannán díograiseach; tá ''Meshi'' (1951) agus ''Tasogare Sakaba (1955)'' i measc na scannán nótáilte do Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}}

Tar éis dó céim a bhaint amach ó hArdscoil Shóisearach Ōmiya, d'fhreastail Miyazaki ar Ardscoil Shinsearach Toyotama. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Le linn a thríú bliaina a bhí mar an bhliain dheireanach, spreag ''Panda and the Magic Serpent'' (1958), {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} an chéad ghné-scannán beoite i ndathanna sa tSeapáin; suim Miyazaki sa bheochan. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} D'éalaigh sé ón a bheith ag staidéar dá  scrúduithe iontrála chun féachaint ar an scannán. {{Sfn|Talbot|2005}} Dúirt Miyazaki ina dhiaidh sin, agus é ag titim i ngrá le banlaoch an scannáin, gur bhog an scannán chun deora é agus a d'fhág rian cuimse air, rud a spreag é chun saothar a chruthú a bhí dílis dá mhothúcháin féin in ionad aithris a dhéanamh ar threochtaí a bhfuil tóir orthu; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} scríobh sé gur chuir &quot;pure, earnest world&quot; an scannáin taobh dó chun chinn a &quot;yearned desperately to affirm the world rather than negate it&quot;. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} Tar éis do céimniú ó Toyotama, d'fhreastail Miyazaki ar Ollscoil Gakusuin i Roinn an Gheilleagair Pholaitiúil, ag díriú ar Theoiric Thionsclaíoch na Seapáine; {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} mheas sé gur droch-mhac léinn a bhí ann toisc gur dhírigh sé ar an ealaín in ionad. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Chuaigh sé le &quot;Children's Literature Research Cuub&quot;, an &quot;closest thing back then to a comics club&quot;; {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} uaireanta ba é an t-aon bhall den chlub é. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Ina chuid ama shaoir, thabharfadh Miyazaki cuairt ar a mhúinteoir ealaíne ón meánscoil agus sceitseáil sé ina stiúideo, áit a n-ólfadh an bheirt agus labhair siad faoi &quot;... politics, life, all sorts of things&quot;. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Timpeall an ama seo, tharraing sé ''manga'' freisin; níor chríochnaigh sé aon scéalta, ach charn sé na mílte leathanach de thús scéalta. Chuaigh sé go minic i streo foilsitheoirí ''manga'' freisin  chun a gcuid scéalta a fháil ar cíos. I 1960, bhí Miyazaki mar fhianaiseach le linn agóidí Anpo, tar éis dó spéis a fhorbairt i ndiaidh dó grianghraifeanna a fheiceáil in ''Asahi Graph'' ; faoin bpointe sin, bhí sé ró-dhéanach chun páirt a ghlacadh sna léirsithe. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Bhain Miyazaki céim amach ó Gakusuin in 1963 le céimeanna san [[eolaíocht pholaitiúil]] agus san eacnamaíocht. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}}
 

== Gairm ==

=== Gairm luath ===
[[Íomhá:Isao_Takahata.jpg|deas|mion|D’oibrigh Miyazaki le hIsao Takahata ''(sa phictiúr)'' don chéad uair sa bhliain 1964, ag  cruthú comhoibrithe agus cairdis ar feadh an tsaoil. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Batkin|2017}} {{Sfn|Mahmood|2018}}]]
I 1963, fostaíodh Miyazaki ag Toei Doga ; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} ba í seo an bhliain dheireanach a d'fhostaigh an chomlacht go rialta. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Glac sé arasán de ceithre go leith ''tatami'' ({{Convert|2.25|tsubo|m2 sqft}} ar cíos i Nerima, Tóiceo, in aice le stiúideo Toei; ba ¥6,000 a bhí air, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus ba ¥19,500 an tuarastal a bhí aige ag Toei. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} D’oibrigh Miyazaki mar ealaíontóir eadraíochta ar na scannáin lánfhada amharclainne ''Doggie March'' (1963) agus ''Gulliver’s Travels Beyond the Moon'' (1965) agus ar an ''anime'' teilifíse ''Wolf Boy Ken'' (1963). {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Mhol sé athruithe do chríoch ''Travels Beyond the Moon le Gulliver'' a ghlac a stiúrthóír leo ; ach ní bhfuair sé aon luath ach moladh a shaothar. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Bhrath Miyazaki nach raibh an ealaín eadraíochta sásúil agus theastaigh uaidh oibriú ar dhearaí níos beomhara. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Bhí sé ina cheannaire in aighneas oibre go luath tar éis dó teacht go Toei, agus rinneadh é ina phríomh-rúnaí ar cheardcumann oibre na comhlachta i 1964; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} bhí Isao Takahata ina leas-chathaoirleach, fear lena foirmeodh Miyazaki comhoibriú agus cairdeas leis ar feadh an tsaoil. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Mahmood|2018}} Timpeall an ama seo, cheistigh Miyazaki a rogha gairme agus chuimhnigh sé ar an tionscal a fhágáil; chorraigh léiriú den ''The Snow Queen'' é i 1964, rud a spreag é chun leanúint ar aghaidh ag obair &quot;with renewed determination&quot;. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}}

I rith léiriú na sraithe anime ''Shōnen Ninja Kaze no Fujimaru'' (1964–1965), d'aithrigh Miyazaki ón ealaín eadraíochta go príomhbheochan, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus d'oibrigh sa ról sin ar dhá eagrán de ''Sally the Witch'' (1966–1968) agus roinnt fiú de ''Hustle Punch'' (1965–1966) agus ''Raintai'' (1965–1966). {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Buartha go n-éireodh deiseanna oibre ar thionscadail chruthaitheacha agus ar scannáin lánfhada gann tar éis méadú ar bheochan teilifíse, d’oibrigh Miyazaki go deonach i 1964 chun obair ar an scannán ''The Great Adventure of Horus, Prince of the Sun'' (1968); {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} ba phríomh-bheochantóir, ealaíontóir coincheapa, agus dearthóir radharcanna é, {{Sfn|Lamarre|2009}} agus tugadh creidiúint dó mar &quot;dearthóir radhairc&quot; chun a ról a léiriú. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Ar an scannán sin, d’oibrigh sé go dlúth lena mheantóir, Yasuo Ōtsuka, ina raibh tionchar mór ag modh oibre Ōtsuka ar shaothar Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Lamarre|2009}} Stiúrtha ag Takahata, moladh an scannán go mór, agus measadh gur obair ríthábhachtach é in éabhlóid na beochana, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Anime News Network|2001}} {{Sfn|Drazen|2002}} cé go raibh toradh díomách aige in oifig na dticéad mar gheall ar a scaoileadh teoranta agus íos-mhargaíocht, {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} i measc na dtorthaí ba mheasa a bhí ag Toei Animation, rud a chuir bagairt airgeadais ar an stiúideo. {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} Bhog Miyazaki chuig áras cónaithe in Higashimurayama tar éis a bhainise i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 1965, {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} go Ōizumigakuenchō tar éis breith a dhara mhac in Aibreán 1969, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} agus go [[Tokorozawa]] i 1970. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}}

Chuir Miyazaki bunbheochan ar fáil do ''The Wonderful World of Puss 'n Boots'' (1969), stiúrtha ag Kimio Yabuki . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Chruthaigh sé sraith manga de 12 chaibidil mar sheachtháirge poiblíochta don scannán; ritheadh an tsraith in eagrán Domhnaigh de ''Tokyo Shimbun'' ó hEanáir go Márta 1969. {{Sfn|Comic Box|1982}} {{Sfn|''Animage''|1983}} Níos déanaí, mhol Miyazaki radhairc sa script scannáin do ''Flying Phantom Ship'' (1969) ina mbeadh tancanna míleata ina gcúis le holl-histéire i gcroílár chathair Tóiceo, agus fostaíodh é chun na radhairc a scéal agus a bheochan. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Thosaigh sé ag bogadh i dtreo léiriúcháin mall-luais ina raibh príomhcharachtair bhaineanna don chuid is mó, {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} sholáthair sé bunbheochan do ''Moomin'' (1969), dhá eagrán de ''Himitsu no Akko-chan'' (1969–1970), {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus eagrán amháin de ''Sarutobi Ecchan'' (1971), agus b'é eagraí agus príomhbheochantóir ''Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves'' (1971). {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Faoin ainm cleite Akitsu Saburō, scríobh agus mhaisigh Miyazaki an [[manga]] ''People of the Desert'', a fhoilsíodh i 26 eagrán idir Meán Fómhair 1969 agus Márta 1970 i ''Boys and Girls Newspaper'' (少年少女新聞, ''Shōnen shōjo shinbun)''  . {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Bhí tionchar ag scéalta maisithe air ar nós ''Evil Lord of the Desert'' (沙漠の魔王, ''Sabaku no maō''). {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Sa bhliain 1971, d'fhorbair Miyazaki struchtúr, carachtair, agus dearaí do chóiriú Hiroshi Ikeda de ''Animal Treasure Island'', {{Sfn|Comic Box|1982}} {{Sfn|''Animage''|1983}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus chuir sé beochan agus forbairt scripte ríthábhachtach ar fáil. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Chruthaigh sé an cóiriú manga de 13 chuid, a fhoilsíodh i ''Tokyo Shimbun'' ó hEanáir go Márta 1971. {{Sfn|Comic Box|1982}} {{Sfn|''Animage''|1983}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

D’fhág Miyazaki Toei Animation i Lúnasa 1971, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} tar éis a d'éirigh sé míshásta leis an easpa deiseanna cruthaitheacha agus neamhspleáchais, agus le hachrainn leis an mbainistíocht maidir le ''The Great Adventure of Horus'' . {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Lean sé Takahata agus Yōichi Kotabe chuig A-Pro, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} inar stiúraigh sé, nó ar chomhstiúraigh sé le Takahata, 17 de na 23 eagrán de ''Lupin the Third Part I'', {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} a bhí beartaithe ar dtús mar thionscadal scannáin. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Ba é seo an chéad scannán stiúrtha ag Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Bhí sé féin agus Takahata fostaithe chun béim a chur ar ghreann na sraithe seachas a fhoréigean. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Chuir an bheirt tús freisin le réamhléiriú ar shraith bunaithe ar leabhair ''Pippi Longstocking'' le hAstrid Lindgren, agus iad ag dearadh scéalchlár faorleathan; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Takahata|Miyazaki|Kotabe|2014}} Thaistil Miyazaki agus uachtarán Tokyo Movie Shinsha, Yutaka Fujioka, chuig an tSualainn chun na cearta a fháil - an chéad turas a rinne Miyazaki lasmuigh den tSeapáin agus b'fhéidir an chéad turas thar lear d'aon bheochantóir Seapánach le haghaidh léiriúcháin {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} - ach cuireadh an tsraith ar ceal tar éis dóibh gan a bheith in ann bualadh le Lindgren, agus diúltaíodh a gcead chun an tionscadal a chríochnú. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Takahata|Miyazaki|Kotabe|2014}} D’fhág an taisteal thar lear tionchar ar Miyazaki; {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} ag baint úsáide as coincheapa, scripteanna, dearadh agus beochan ón tionscadal, {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} scríobh, dhear agus bheoigh sé dhá ''Panda!'' ''Téigh, a Phanda!'' gearrscannáin i 1972 agus 1973, le Takahata mar stiúrthóir agus Ōtsuka mar stiúrthóir beochana. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Spreagadh a rogha de phandaí mar gheall ar an dúil mhór i bpandaí sa tSeapáin ag an am. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}}

Tharraing Miyazaki scéalchláir don chéad eagrán de ''The Gutsy Frog'' i 1971 (cé nár úsáideadh iad), sholáthair sé beochan agus scéalchláir thábhachtacha i gcomhair dhá eagrán d'''Akado Suzunosuke'' i 1972, agus sholáthair sé beochan ríthábhachtach d'eagrán amháin de ''Kōya no Shōnen Isamu'' (faoi stiúir Takahata) agus ''Samurai Giants'' i 1973. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Sa bhliain 1972, stiúraigh sé scannán píolótach cúig nóiméad don tsraith teilifíse ''Yuki's Sun''; níor léiríodh an tsraith riamh, agus thit an clár píolótach i ndoilleireacht sular tháinig sé chun cinn arís mar chuid d'eisiúint Blu-ray de shaothair Miyazaki sa bhliain 2014. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} I mí an Mheithimh 1973, bhog Miyazaki agus Takahata ó A-Pro go Zuiyō Eizō, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} inar oibrigh siad ar ''World Masterpiece Theater'', ina raibh a sraith beochana ''Heidi, Girl of the Alps'', oiriúnú de ''Heidi'' le Johanna Spyri, mar chuid de. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Bhí an fhoireann léiriúcháin ag iarraidh go mbeadh an tsraith ag cur le neartú bheochan teilifíse, {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} agus thaistil Miyazaki go dtí an Eilvéis chun taighde a dhéanamh agus sceitse a dhéanamh mar ullmhúchán. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Roinneadh Zuiyō Eizō ina dhá chomhlacht i mí Iúil 1975; rinneadh Nippon Animation de bhrainse Miyazaki agus Takahata. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} D’oibrigh siad go gonnta ar ''Dog of Flanders'' i 1975 sula ndeachaigh siad ag obair ar an mór-shaothar, ''3000 Leagues in Search of Mother'' (1976), stiúrtha ag Takahata, agus ar a son gur thaistil Miyazaki chuig an Airgintín agus an Iodáil le taighde a dhéanamh. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}}

I 1977, roghnaíodh Miyazaki chun a chéad shraith teilifíse beochana, ''Future Boy Conan,'' a stiúradh; {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} stiúraigh sé 24 de na 26 eagrán, a craoladh sa bhliain 1978. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Ní raibh ach ocht n-eagrán críochnaithe nuair a thosaíodh ag craoladh na sraithe; críochnaíodh gach eagrán laistigh de dheich go ceithre lá déag. {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} Oiriúnú ar ''The Incredible Tide'' le Alexander Key a bhí ann, agus{{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} tá roinnt gnéithe sa tsraith a tháinig chun solais arís i saothar Miyazaki níos déanaí, amhail eitleáin chogaidh, eitleáin agus an timpeallachtachas. Bhí Takahata, Ōtsuka, agus Yoshifumi Kondō, ar a chas Miyazaki agus Takahata ag A-Pro, ag obair ar an tsraith chomh maith. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Spreag ''Eachtraí an Uasail Wonderbird'' le Paul Grimault Miyazaki go físiúil. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Rinne Miyazaki príomhbheochan do thríocha eagrán den tsraith ''World Masterpiece Theater'' ''Rascal the Raccoon'' (1977) agus sholáthair sé dearadh agus eagrú radharcanna ar na chéad chúig eagrán déag de ''Anne of Green Gables'' le Takahata sular fhág sé Nippon Animation i 1979. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}}

=== Scannáin foráis ===
Bhog Miyazaki go Tokyo Movie Shinsha chun a chéad scannán lánfhada anime, ''The Castle of Cagliostro'' (1979), a stiúradh, mír den saincheadúnas ''Lupin III'' . {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhí Ōtsuka tar éis dul chun cainte leis chun an scannán a stiúradh i ndiaidh scaoileadh ''Lupin the 3rd: The Mystery of Mamo'' (1978), agus scríobh Miyazaki an scéal le [[:ja:山崎晴哉|Haruya Yamazaki]] . {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Agus é ag iarraidh a chruthaitheacht féin a ionsá sa saincheadúnas, chuir Miyazaki roinnt gnéithe agus tagairtí isteach ann, é spreagtha ag úrscéalta Arsène Lupin le Maurice Leblanc, ar a bhfuil ''Lupin III'' bunaithe, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} chomh maith le h''Eachtraí an Uasail Wonderbird'' . {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Spreag ''Italian Mountain Cities and the Tiber Estuary'' le Kagoshima Publishing é go físiúil, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} a léiríonn a ghrá don Eoraip. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Mhair an léiriúchán ar feadh ceithre mhí {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} agus eisíodh an scannán ar 15 Nollaig, 1979; ba mhian le Miyazaki go raibh mí eile léiriúcháin aige. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Cuireadh deá-fháilte mhór roimhe; {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} vótáil léitheoirí ''Animage'' é mar an beochan is fearr riamh—d'fhan sé sna deich gcinn is fearr ar feadh níos mó ná cúig bliana déag—agus Clarisse mar an banlaoch is fearr. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} De réir dealraimh, sa bhliain 2005, spreagadh gúna Clarrisse gúna pósta an iar-banphrionsa Sayako Kuroda, ós rud é gur lucht leanúna de chuid Miyazaki agus a chuid oibre í. {{Sfn|Macdonald|2005b}} Bhí roinnt scannánóirí Seapánacha agus Meiriceánacha spreagtha ag an scannán, rud a ghríosaigh ómós dó i saothair eile. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}}

Rinneadh príomh-theagascóir beochana de Miyazaki d’fhostaithe nua ag Telecom Animation Film, fochomhlacht de Tokyo Movie Shinsha. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} agus stiúraigh sé dhá eagrán de ''Lupin the Third Part II'', ina dhiadh sin, faoin ainm cleite Teruki Tsutomu (照樹 務) , ar féidir léamh mar &quot;fostaí Telecom&quot;. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Ina ról ag Telecom, chabhraigh Miyazaki le hoiliúint an dara tonn d'fhostaithe. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Chuir Miyazaki príomhbheochan ar fáil d'eagrán amháin de ''The New Adventures of Gigantor'' (1980–1981), {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} agus stiúraigh sé sé eagrán de ''Sherlock Hound'' i 1981, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} go dtí gur chuir ceisteanna dlíthiúla le [[Arthur Conan Doyle|heastát Arthur Conan Doyle]] stop leis an léiriúchán; {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Bhí Miyazaki gnóthach le tionscadail eile faoin am a réitíodh na ceisteanna, agus stiúraigh Kyôsuke Mikuriya na heagráin a bhí fághta agus craoladh iad ó Shamhain 1984 go Bealtaine 1985. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Ba é seo saothar deireanach teilifíse Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Sa bhliain 1982, thosaigh Miyazaki, Takahata, agus Kondō ag obair ar oiriúnú scannáin de ''Little Nemo'', ach d’fhág Miyazaki agus Takahata tar éis cúpla mí mar gheall ar choimhlintí cruthaitheachta le Fujioka (d’fhan Kondō go dtí 1985); críochnaíodh an scannán sé bliana ina dhiaidh sin mar ''Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland'' (1989). {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Chaith Miyazaki tamall sna Stáit Aontaithe le linn léiriú an scannáin. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}}

Tar éis eisiúint ''The Castle of Cagliostro'', thosaigh Miyazaki ag obair ar a chuid smaointe le haghaidh oiriúnú scannáin bheoite de leabhar grinn Richard Corben, ''Rowlf'', agus chuir sé an smaoineamh i láthair Yutaka Fujioka ag Tokyo Movie Shinsha. I Samhna 1980, dréachtaíodh moladh chun cearta an scannáin a fháil. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Kanō|2006}} Timpeall an ama sin, chuaigh foireann eagarthóireachta ''Animage'' i dteagmháil le Miyazaki le haghaidh sraith d'altanna dá n-iris . Thug na heagarthóirí Toshio Suzuki agus Osamu Kameyama cuid dá smaointe [Miyazaki] chuig máthairchomlachta ''Animage'', Tokuma Shoten, a bhí ag smaoineamh ar  scannáin bheoite a mhaoiniú. Moladh dhá thionscadal: Warring States Demon Castle (戦国魔城, ''Sengoku ma-jō''), le bheith lonnaithe sa [[tréimhse Sengoku]] ; agus oiriúnú ar ''Rowlf'' le Corben. Diúltaíodh don dá cheann, mar ní raibh an chomhlacht sásta maoiniú a thabhairt d’anime nach raibh bunaithe ar manga réamhfhoilsithe agus níor féadfadh cearta ''Rowlf'' a fháil. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2007}} Rinneadh athchúrsáil ar ghnéithe de mholadh Miyazaki do ''Rowlf'' ina shaothair amach anseo. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}}

Gan aon scannáin á dtáirgeadh, d’aontaigh Miyazaki manga a fhorbairt don iris, dar teideal ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'' ; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Saitani|1995}} bhí sé i gceist aige stop a chur leis an manga a dhéanamh nuair a gheobhadh sé obair bheochana; cé gur thóg sé roinnt sosanna le na heisiúintí, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} eisíodh an manga ó Feabhra 1982 go Márta 1994 ar deireadh. {{Sfn|Ryan}} Mar gheall ar sceideal gnóthach agus meon foirfeachta Miyazaki, cuireadh roinnt moilleanna ar fhoilseacháin, agus ar ócáid amháin tharraing sé siar roinnt caibidlí roimh fhoilsiú; shíl sé go raibh a fhoilsiú leanúnach mar ualach ar a chuid oibre eile. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Clúdaíonn scéal, mar atá sé athchlóite san imleabhair {{Lang|ja-Latn|[[tankōbon]]}}, seacht n-imleabhar i gcomhar 1,060 leathanach san iomlán. {{Sfn|Ryan}} Díoladh níos mó ná deich milliún cóip sa chéad dá bhliain. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Tharraing Miyazaki na heagráin go príomha le peann luaidhe, agus clódh é i ndúch séipia-tonaithe monacrómach. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2007}} {{Sfn|Saitani|1995}} Spreag an carachtar ó ''[[An Odaisé|hOdyssey]]'' [[Hóiméar|Homer]] (a d'aimsigh Miyazaki agus é ag léamh ''Dictionary of Grecian Myths'' le Bernard Evslin) agus an scéal béaloidis Seapánach ''The Lady who Loved Insects'', an príomhcharachtar, Nausicaä, go páirteach.  Agus bunaíodh an domhan agus an t-éiceachóras ar léitheoireacht Miyazaki ar scríbhinní eolaíochta, stairiúla agus polaitiúla, amhail ''Origins of Plant Cultivation and Agriculture'' le [[:ja:中尾佐助|Sasuke Nakao]], ''The World of Jomon'' le [[:ja:藤森栄一|Eiichi Fujimori]], agus ''Hitler Moves East'' le Paul Carell . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Spreag an tsraith ghreannáin ''Arzach'' le Jean Giraud é freisin, lenar chas sé agus é ag obair ar an manga. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} {{Efn|Miyazaki and Giraud became friends,{{sfn|Cotillon|2005}} and [[Monnaie de Paris]] held an exhibition of their work titled {{lang|fr|Miyazaki et Moebius: Deux Artistes Dont Les Dessins Prennent Vie}} (Two Artists's Drawings Taking on a Life of Their Own) from December 2004 to April 2005; both artists attended the opening of the exhibition.{{sfn|Montmayeur|2005}}}}

I 1982, chabhraigh Miyazaki le beochana tábhachtach do shraith [[Zorro]] nár eisíodh, agus don scannán ''Space Adventure Cobra: The Movie'' . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} D’éirigh sé as a phost le Telecom Animation Film i mí na Samhna. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Timpeall an ama seo, scríobh sé an ''t-úrscéal grafach Turas Shuna'', spreagtha ag an scéal béaloidis Thibéadaigh &quot;An Prionsa a d'éirigh ina mhadra&quot;. D’fhoilsigh Tokuma Shoten an t-úrscéal i mí an Mheithimh 1983, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1983}} rinneadh leagan drámata de le haghaidh chraoladh raidió i 1987, {{Sfn|Kanō|2006}} agus foilsíodh i mBéarla é mar ''Shuna's Journey'' i 2022. {{Sfn|Mateo|2022}} Foilsíodh ''Daydream Data Notes le Hayao Miyazaki'' go mírialta ó Shamhain 1984 go Deireadh Fómhair 1994 i ''[[:fr:Model Graphix|Model Graphix]]'' ; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} craoladh roghanna de na scéalta ar an raidió i 1995. {{Sfn|Kanō|2006}} Tar éis chríochnú an chéad dá imleabhar de ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'' mhol eagarthóirí ''Animage'' oiriúnú gearrscannáin 15 nóiméad ar fad a dhéanamh. Bhí drogall ar Miyazaki ar dtús, ach d’fhreagair sé go mbeadh beochan uair an chloig ar fad níos oiriúnaí, agus d’aontaigh Tokuma Shoten le scannán lánfhada. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Napier|2018}}

Tosaíodh an léiriúchán ar an 31 Bealtaine 1983, agus cuireadh tús leis an mbeochan i mí Lúnasa; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} soláthraíodh maoiniú trí chomhfhiontar idir Tokuma Shoten agus an ghníomhaireacht fógraíochta Hakuhodo, lenar oibrigh deatháir is óige Miyazaki. Roghnaíodh stiúideo beochana Topcraft mar an teach léiriúcháin. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Chonacthas do Miyazaki nach raibh foireann Topcraft iontaofa, {{Sfn|Napier|2018}} agus thug sé roinnt dá iar-chomhoibrithe isteach, ina measc Takahata, a bhí ina léiritheoir, {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} cé go raibh drogall air é déanamh. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Cuireadh tús leis an réamhléiriú ar an 31 Bealtaine 1983; bhí deacrachtaí ag Miyazaki agus é ag cruthú an script scannáin, agus gan ach sé chaibidil déag den mhanga le hoibriú uathu. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Liostáil Takahata an ceoltóir turgnamhach agus íostach [[Joe Hisaishi]] chun scór an scannáin a chumadh; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} ina dhiaidh sin d'oibrigh sé ar gach ceann de scannáin lánfhada Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}}

Don scannán, spreag nimhiú mearcair Bhá Minamata samhlaíocht Miyazaki agus freagra an nádúir agus conas ar bhláth an dúlra i dtimpeallacht nimhithe, ag baint úsáide as sin chun domhan truaillithe an scannáin a chruthú. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} {{Sfn|Napier|2018}} Do phríomhról Nausicaä, roghnaigh Miyazaki Sumi Shimamoto, a chuaigh i bhfeidhm go mór air mar Clarisse i ''gCaisleán Cagliostro'' agus Maki i ''Lupin an Tríú Cuid II'' . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Cruthaíodh ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'' i ndeich mí, {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} agus eisíodh é ar an 11 Márta, 1984. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Shaothraigh sé ¥1.48 billiún ag oifig na dticéad, agus ghnóthaigh sé ¥742 milliún breise in ioncam dáilte. {{Sfn|Kanō|2006}} Is minic a fheictear é mar shaothar ríthábhachtach Miyazaki, rud a dhaingnigh a cháil mar bheochantóir. {{Sfn|Osmond|1998}} Moladh é as an léargas dearfach a thug sé ar mhná, go háirithe Nausicaä. {{Sfn|Moss|2014}} {{Sfn|Nakamura|Matsuo|2002}} {{Sfn|Napier|1998}} Tá roinnt criticeoirí tar éis téamaí ''Nausicaä of Valley of the Wind'' a lipéadú mar téamaí frithchogaidh agus [[Feimineachas|feimineacha]]; áitíonn Miyazaki a mhalairt, ag rá nach bhfuil uaidh ach siamsaíocht a chur ar fáil. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhraith sé go raibh ar Nausicaä a bheith ina bean mar gheall ar an gcumas a bhí aici a chéile comhraic a thuiscint seachas go díreach iad a shárú. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Leag an comhoibriú rathúil ar chruthú an manga agus an scannáin an bhunchloch do thionscadail chomhoibríocha eile. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} I mí Aibreáin 1984, chruthaigh Miyazaki agus Takahata stiúideo chun cóipcheart a gcuid oibre a láimhseáil, agus thug siad Nibariki air (a chiallaíonn &quot;Dé-each-chumhacht&quot;, leasainm an [[Citroen 2CV|Citroën 2CV]], a thiomáin Miyazaki), agus fuarthas oifig dó i mBarda Suginami, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Mishan|2021}} agus Miyazaki ina chomhpháirtí sinsearach. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}}

=== Stiúideo Ghibli ===

==== Scannáin luatha (1985–1995) ====
I ndiaidh rath ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'', {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} bhunaigh Miyazaki agus Takahata {{Efn|Takahata refused to sign the paperwork to found the company, feeling that an artist should not be involved in such business documents. Regardless, he and Miyazaki are considered the studio's founders.{{sfn|Dudok de Wit|2021|p=16}}{{sfn|Denison|2023|p=47}}}}an comhlacht léiriúcháin bheochana Studio Ghibli ar 15 Meitheamh, 1985, mar fhochomhlacht de chuid Tokuma Shoten, {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} {{Efn|According to Suzuki, Studio Ghibli was the successor of the Tokuma Shoten subsidiary company Iraka Planning—creators of ''[[Tempyō no Iraka]]'' (1980)—from which it inherited {{JPY|36&amp;nbsp;million}} in outstanding debts.{{sfn|Denison|2023|p=40}}}} le hoifigí i Kichijōji a dhear Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} D'ainmnigh Miyazaki an stiúideo as an gCaproni Ca.309 {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} agus [[wiktionary:ghibli|an focal Iodáilise]] a chiallaíonn &quot;gaoth the a shéideann i bhfásaigh&quot;; {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} bhí an t-ainm cláraithe bliain roimhe sin. {{Sfn|Dudok de Wit|2021}} D’oibrigh Suzuki do Studio Ghibli mar léiritheoir, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus thosaigh sé go lánaimseartha i 1989, {{Sfn|Dudok de Wit|2021}} a fhad is a rinneadh bainisteoir léiriúcháin de Tōru Hara ó Topcraft; {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Mar gheall ar ról Suzuki i gcruthú an stiúideo agus a scannáin, ó ham go chéile tráchtálaítear dó mar chomhbhunaitheoir, {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} agus breathnaítear go minic go raibh tionchar ag Hara ar rath an chomhlachta. {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} Bhí dlúthbhaint ag Yasuyoshi Tokuma, bunaitheoir Tokuma Shoten, le cruthú an chomhlacht freisin, tar éis dó tacaíocht airgeadais a sholáthar. {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} Measadh Topcraft mar chomhpháirtí chun an chéad scannán eile le Miyazaki a léiriú, ach chuaigh an comhlacht as gnó i 1985 de bharr féimheachta. {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} Fostaíodh roinnt ball foirne ina dhiaidh sin ag Studio Ghibli—suas le 70 fostaí lánaimseartha agus 200 fostaí páirtaimseartha i 1985—a d'oibrigh le Miyazaki roimhe sin ag stiúideonna éagsúla, ar nós Telecom, Topcraft, agus Toei Doga, agus cinn eile ar nós Madhouse, Inc. agus Oh! Táirgeadh . {{Sfn|Denison|2023}}

Sa bhliain 1984, thaistil Miyazaki go dtí an Bhreatain Bheag, ag tarraingt sráidbhailte agus pobail mhianadóireachta Rhondda; chonaic sé [[Stailc na mianadóirí sa Ríocht Aontaithe (1984–1985)|stailc na mianadóirí]] agus bhí meas aige ar dhíograis na mianadóirí dá gcuid oibre agus dá bpobal. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Brooks|2005}} Chuir &quot;sárchumhachtaí míleata&quot; [[Impireacht na Róimhe]], a chuir na [[Na Ceiltigh|Ceiltigh]] faoi chois, fearg air agus mhothaigh sé go raibh an crá seo, in éineacht le stailc na mianadóirí, le brath i bpobail na Breataine Bige. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} D’fhill sé i mBealtaine 1985 chun taighde a dhéanamh dá chéad scannán eile, ''Laputa: Castle in the Sky'', an chéad cheann le Studio Ghibli. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Chuir a sceideal géar léiriúcháin brú ar ar Miyazaki oibriú de ló is d'oíche, san áireamh roimh agus tar éis gnáthuaireanta oibre, agus scríobh sé liricí don téama deiridh. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhain Miyazaki úsáid as oileán ar foluain Laputa ó ''Gulliver's Travels'' sa scannán. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Eisíodh ''Laputa'' ar 2 Lúnasa, 1986, ag Comhlacht Toei . {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} Dhíol sé thart ar 775,000 ticéad, {{Sfn|Suzuki|1996}} ag tuilleadh sochair réasúnta airgeadais, {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} cé gur léirigh Miyazaki agus Suzuki a ndíomá leis na figiúirí oifige ticéad de thart ar US$2.5 million . {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Denison|2018}} {{Sfn|Napier|2018}}

Tar éis rath ''Nausicaä'', thug Miyazaki cuairt ar Yanagawa agus smaoinigh sé ar aithris a dhéanamh air i scannán beoite, agus an-spéis curtha aige ina chóras canálacha; in ionad sin, stiúraigh Takahata clár faisnéise beo-aicsean faoin réigiún, ''The Story of Yanagawa's Canals'' (1987). Rinne Miyazaki an scannán a léiriú agus a mhaoiniú, agus chuir sé roinnt sraitheog bheochana ar fáil. {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Mhair a chruthú ceithre bliana, agus mheas Miyazaki gurbh é a fhreagracht shóisialta - i leith shochaí agus scannánaíocht na Seapáine araon - chun é léiriú a chinntiú. {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} Cruthaíodh ''Laputa'' go páirteach chun léiriú an chlár faisnéise a mhaoiniú, ar a shon a ídigh Takahata a chíste. {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} I mí an Mheithimh 1985, eisíodh ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'' sna Stáit Aontaithe mar ''Warriors of the Wind'', le haistrithe suntasacha; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} baineadh beagnach 30 nóiméad de chomhrá agus forbairt carachtar, rud a scrios codanna dá phlota agus dá théamaí. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Dhiúltaigh Miyazaki agus Takahata ina dhiaidh sin smaoineamh ar a scannáin a eisiúint san Iarthar i gcomhair deich mbliana. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

Tháinig an chéad scannán eile de Miyazaki, ''My Neighbor Totoro'', as na smaointe a bhí aige mar pháiste; mhothaigh sé &quot;gur i ''Totoro'' a thosaigh m'fheasacht&quot;. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Níor éirigh le hiarracht ''My Neighbor Totoro'' a chur i láthair do Tokuma Shoten sna 1980idí luath, agus bhí deacracht ag Miyazaki agus é ag iarraidh é a chuir i láthair aríst i 1987. Mhol Suzuki go n-eiseofaí ''Totoro'' mar eagrán dúbailte in éineacht le ''Grave of the Fireflies'' le Takahata; ós rud é go raibh luach stairiúil ag baint leis an dara scannán, atá bunaithe ar an ngearrscéal ó 1967 le Akiyuki Nosaka, mheas Suzuki go dtabharfaí daltaí scoile chun féachaint ar an dá cheann. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Tá téama an chaidrimh idir an thimpeallacht agus an chine daonna le braith i ''Totoro'', rud a léiríonn gurb é síochán mar thoradh at meas a léiriú don thimpeallacht. {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Tagraíonn an scannán do mháthair Miyazaki freisin; tá máthair an pháiste atá ina príomhcharachtar ina coinneáil sa leaba. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Mar a tharla le ''Laputa'', scríobh Miyazaki liricí don téama deiridh ''Totoro''. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhí Miyazaki ag streachailt le script an scannáin go dtí gur léigh sé scéal ''Mainichi Graph'' faoin saoil sa tSeapáin daichead bliain ó shin, agus roghnaigh sé an scannán a lonnú sa tír roimh  fairsingiú Tóiceo agus teacht na teilifíse. Ina dhiaidh sin, bhronn Miyazaki airgead agus saothair ealaíne chun chaomhnú na talún foraoisí i [[Maoracht Saitama]], ina bhfuil an scannán lonnaithe, a mhaoiniú. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

Thosaigh léiriúchán ''My Neighbor Totoro'' i mí Aibreáin 1987 agus mhair sé ar feadh blaina go díreach; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus eisíodh é ar 16 Aibreán, 1988. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Cé gur mhol na léirmheastóirí go mór é, ní raibh ach rath measartha aige ag oifig na dticéad. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Camp|Davis|2007}} Cheadaigh Stiúideo Ghibli cearta marsantaithe sa bhliain 1990, a spreag rath mór tráchtála; bhí brabúis mharsantachta leo féin in ann an stiúideo a chothaigh ar feadh na mblianta. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Tugadh clasaic chultais ar an scannán, {{Sfn|Camp|Davis|2007}} agus bhain sé rath amach sna Stáit Aontaithe tar éis a eisiúna i 1993, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} áit ar dhíol a eisiúint físeáin bhaile beagnach 500,000 cóip. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Dúirt Akira Kurosawa gur chuaigh an scannán i bhfeidhm air, agus d’ainmnigh sé é i measc a chéad scannán is fearr leis – ceann den mhéid bheag scannán Seapánach a ainmníodh. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Ainmníodh [[astaróideach]] a d'aimsigh Takao Kobayashi i mí na Nollag 1994, ar son an scannáin: 10160 Totoro . {{Sfn|Berton|2020}}

I 1987, fuair Studio Ghibli na cearta chun cóiriú scannáin a chruthú ar úrscéal Eiko Kadono, ''Kiki's Delivery Service'' . Chuir obair Miyazaki ar ''My Neighbor Totoro'' cosc air an cóiriú a stiúradh; bhí sé ina léiritheoir, agus roghnaíodh Sunao Katabuchi mar stiúrthóir agus Nobuyuki Isshiki mar scríbhneoir scripte. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Macdonald|2014}} Threoraigh míshástacht Miyazaki le chéad dréacht Isshiki é chun athrú a dhéanamh ar an tionscadal, agus sa deireadh thóg Miyazaki ról an stiúrthóra. Chuir Kadono a míshástacht in iúl leis na difríochtaí idir an leabhar agus an script, ach d’éirigh le Miyazaki agus Takahata í a mhealladh chun cead a fháil uaithi chun leanúint ar aghaidh leis an léiriúchán. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Macdonald|2014}} Bhí sé i gceist ar dtús go mbeadh an scannán ina chlár speisialta 60 nóiméad ar fad, ach leathnaíodh é ina scannán lánfhada tar éis do Miyazaki na cláir scéil agus an script a chríochnú. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2006}} Mhothaigh Miyazaki gur léirigh streachailt an phríomhcharachtair, Kiki, mothúcháin chailíní óga sa tSeapáin a bhí ag tnúth le maireachtáil go neamhspleách sna cathracha, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus gur léirigh buanna Kiki buanna fíor-chailíní, in ainneoin a cumhachtaí draíochta. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}}  Mar ullmhúchán don léiriúchán, thaistil Miyazaki agus baill shinsearacha foirne eile go dtí an tSualainn, áit ar ghabh siad ochtó rolla scannáin i [[Stócólm]] agus i Visby, agus ba é Visby an phríomhinspioráid do chathair an scannáin. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Eisíodh ''Kiki's Delivery Service'' don chéad uair ar an 29 Iúil, 1989; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus fuair sé an-mholadh ó na léirmheastóirí, agus bhuaigh sé Grand Prix an Anime.  Le breis is 2.6 milliún ticéad díolta, {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} thuill sé ¥2.15 billiún ag oifig na dticéad {{Sfn|Gaulène|2011}} agus ba é an scannán ba mhó brabús sa tSeapáin i 1989. {{Sfn|Hairston|1998}} Cheadaigh Miyazaki agus Studio Ghibli na haistriúcháin Bhéarla ina dhiaidh sin go pearsanta. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

Ó Mhárta go Bealtaine 1989, foilsíodh manga Miyazaki {{Lang|ja-Latn|[[Hikōtei Jidai]]}} san iris ''Model Graphix'', {{Sfn|Lamar|2010}} bunaithe ar smaoineamh níos luaithe do scannán a shann sé do stiúrthóir níos óige i 1988 ach a theip air mar gheall ar easaontais chruthaitheacha. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Thosaigh Miyazaki ag táirgeadh scannáin eitilte 45 nóiméad ar fad do Japan Airlines bunaithe ar an manga; leathnaigh Suzuki é ina scannán lánfhada, dar teideal ''Porco Rosso'', agus de réir mar a d'fhás na hionchais agus mhéadaigh an buiséad. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} Thosaigh Miyazaki ag obair ar an scannán gan mórán cúnaimh, toisc go raibh a léiriúchán ag i gcomhthráth le ''Only Yesterday'' (1991) le Takahata, a chomhléirigh Miyazaki. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Chuaigh tús Chogaí na hIúgslaive i bhfeidhm ar Miyazaki i 1991, rud a spreag gné níos gruama do ''Phorco Rosso'' ; {{Sfn|Havis|2016}} bhog Cogadh Saoirse na Cróite suíomh an scannáin ó [[Dubrovnic|Dubrovnik]] go [[Muir Aidriad]] . {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} Thráchtalaigh Miyazaki níos déanaí gur scannán &quot;amaideach&quot; a bhí ann, toisc nach raibh a ghnéithe aibí oiriúnach do leanaí, {{Sfn|Sunada|2013}} ag lua gur &quot;dá phléisiúr féin&quot; a rinne sé é mar gheall ar a ghrá d'eitleáin. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

Seachas an Curtiss R3C-2, tá gach eitleán i ''bPorco Rosso'' mar déatnúis úrnua ó shamhlaíocht Miyazaki, bunaithe ar chuimhní a óige. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Tugann an scannán ómós freisin d’obair Fleischer Studios agus Winsor McCay, a raibh mór-thionchar acu ar bheochan Seapánach sna 1940idí. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhí téamaí frithchogaidh sa scannán, agus ar a bhreathnódh Miyazaki orthu aríst níos déanaí. {{Sfn|Blum|2013}} {{Sfn|Akimoto|2014}} Is ionann ainm an phríomhcharachtair, Marco Pagot, agus ainm beochantóra Iodálaigh lena raibh Miyazaki ag obair ar ''Sherlock Hound''. {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Mheas roinnt baill foirne baineann ag Studio Ghibli gur macasamhalú toiliúil d'fhoireann Studio Ghibli a bhí i monarcha Piccolo scannán - a bhí faoi stiúir fir agus an foireann a bhfuil ag obair ann mar mhná - ; shíleadar go raibh meas á léiriú ag Miyazaki ar a n-eitic oibre, cé gur cheap daoine eile gur thug sé le fios go raibh sé níos fusa mná a shaothrú. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} D’fhan Japan Airlines ina phríomhinfheisteoir an scannáin, agus de bharr taispeánadh den chéad uair é mar scannán eitilte, {{Sfn|Havis|2016}} sular eisíodh é i bpictiúrlanna ar 18 Iúil, 1992. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Ba é an chéad scannán le Miyazaki nár bhain barr liosta na léitheoirí bliantúla ''Animage'' amach, rud is cúis le fócas aibí an scannáin. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhí an scannán rathúil ó thaobh tráchtála de, agus ba é an scannán leis an oll-thuilleamh is mó sa tSeapáin an bhliain sin; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} d'fhan sé ar cheann de na scannáin leis an oll-thuilleamh is mó ar feadh roinnt blianta. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

Le linn léiriú ''Porco Rosso'', bhí Miyazaki i gceannas ar an obair ar stiúideo nua Studio Ghibli i Koganei, Tóiceo, ag dearadh na bpleananna, ag roghnú ábhar, agus ag obair le tógálaithe. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} D’oscail an stiúideo i mí Lúnasa 1992, {{Sfn|Matsutani|2008}} agus bhog an fhoireann isteach go gairid i ndiaidh scaoileadh ''Porco Rosso'' ' {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Timpeall an ama seo, thosaigh Miyazaki ag obair ar na himleabhair dheireanacha den manga ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'', a chruthaigh sé go hinmheánach ag Studio Ghibli. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} I mí na Samhna, chraol Nippon Television Network (NTV) dhá mhír teilifíse stiúirithe ag Miyazaki: {{Lang|ja-Latn|Sora Iro no Tane}}, mír 90 soicind atá cóirithe ón scéal maisithe {{Lang|ja-Latn|[[Sora Iro no Tane]]}} le Rieko Nakagawa agus Yuriko Omura; agus ''{{Lang|ja-Latn|Nandarou}}'', sraith de cheithre fhógra cúig soicind ar fad ina bhfuil neach domhínithe. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Chuidigh Miyazaki le coincheap ''Pom Poko'' (1994) le Takahata, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus dhear sé na cláir scéil agus scríobh sé an script do ''Whisper of the Heart'' (1995) le Kondō, agus bhí baint ar leith aige le seichimh fantaisíochta an dara ceann. {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} D'fhéach léirmheastóirí agus lucht leanúna ar Kondō mar &quot; léiroidhre &quot; Studio Ghibli. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine|name=Hayao Miyazaki|image=Hayao Miyazaki cropped 1 Hayao Miyazaki 201211.jpg|alma_mater=[[Gakushuin University]]}}
Is beochantóir, scannánóir agus [[ealaíontóir manga]] Seapánach é Hayao Miyazaki (宮崎 駿 nó 宮﨑 駿, Miyazaki Hayao, [mijaꜜzaki hajao]; rugadh Eanair 5, 1941).  Comhbhunaigh sé [[Studio Ghibli]] agus tá sé ina cathaoirleach onórach.  Le linn a ghairme, tá clú idirnáisiúnta bainte amach aige mar scéalaí cumasach agus mar chruthaitheoir de scannáin lánfhada de  [[Anime|bheochan Seapánach]], agus síltear go forleathan gur é ceann de na scannánóirí is inniúla i [[History of animation|stair na beochana]].

Rugtha i gCathair Tóiceo, léirigh Miyazaki suim i manga agus sa bheochan ó haois óg. Chuaigh sé i mbun Toei Animation i 1963, ag obair mar ealaíontóir eadraíochta agus eochairbheochantóir ar scannáin ar nós ''Travels Beyond the Moon le Gulliver'' (1965), ''Puss in Boots'' (1969), agus ''Animal Treasure Island'' (1971), sular bhog sé go A-Pro i 1971, áit ar chomhstiúraigh sé ''Lupin the Third Part I'' (1971–1972) in éineacht le Isao Takahata . Tar éis dó bogadh go Zuiyō Eizō ( Nippon Animation níos déanaí) i 1973, d'oibrigh Miyazaki mar bheochantóir ar ''World Masterpiece Theatre'' agus stiúraigh sé an tsraith teilifíse ''Future Boy Conan'' (1978). Chuaigh sé i Tokyo Movie Shinsha i 1979 chun a chéad scannán lánfhada ''The Castle of Cagliostro'' (1979) agus an tsraith teilifíse ''Sherlock Hound'' (1984-1985) a stiúradh. Scríobh agus léirigh sé an manga ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'' (1982–1994) agus stiúraigh sé an cóiriú scannáin 1984 a léirigh Topcraft.


Chomhbhunaigh Miyazaki Studio Ghibli i 1985, ag scríobh agus ag stiúradh scannáin ar nós ''Laputa: Castle in the Sky'' (1986), ''My Neighbour Totoro'' (1988), ''Kiki's Delivery Service'' (1989), agus ''Porco Rosso'' (1992), a bhain ardmholadh ó léirmheastóirí agus rath tráchtála amach sa tSeapáin. Ba é ''Princess Mononoke'' (1997) le Miyazaki an chéad scannán beoite chun an Duais Scannán Acadamh na Seapáine le haghaidh Pictiúr na Bliana a bhuachan agus go gonnta bhí sé ina scannán leis an oll-thuilleamh is mó sa tSeapáin; mhéadaigh a dháileadh san Iarthar tóir agus tionchar Ghibli ar fud an domhain. Bhí ''Spirited Away'' (2001) ina scannán leis an gcomhlán is mó sa tSeapáin agus bhuaigh sé Gradam an Acadaimh don Scannán Lánfhada Bheoite is Fearr; is minic a rangaítear é i measc na scannán is fearr den 21ú haois. Bhain scannáin Miyazaki ina dhiaidh sin  - ''Howl's Moving Castle'' (2004), ''Ponyo'' (2008), agus ''The Wind Rises'' (2013) ardmholadh ó léirmheastóirí agus rath tráchtála amach freisin.  D’éirigh sé as na scannáin lánfhada in 2013 ach thánaig sé ar ais níos déanaí chun ''[[An Buachaill agus an Chorr]]'' (2023) a dhéanamh, a bhuaigh Gradam an Acadaimh don Scannán Lánfhada Bheoite is Fearr.

Is minic a bhíonn saothair Miyazaki faoi réir anailís léannta agus tréithrítear iad ag athfhilleadh na dtéamaí ar nós chaidreamh an chine dhaonna leis [[Dúlra|an dúlra]] agus leis an teicneolaíocht, tábhacht na healaíne agus na ceardaíochta, agus an deacracht a bhaineann le heitic shíochánta a choinneáil i ndomhan foréigneach. Is minic gur cailíní láidre nó mná óga iad a phríomhphearsana, agus cuireann roinnt dá scannáin  céilí comhraic morálta atá débhríoch go mórálta i láthair ina bhfuil tréithe dearfacha acu. Tá ardmholadh agus gradaim faighte ag shaothair Miyazaki; ainmníodh é ina Dhuine le Fiúntais Chultúrtha as ucht cuidithe cultúrtha den scoth i 2012, agus bronnadh Gradam Oinigh an Acadaimh as a thionchar ar bheochan agus ar scannánaíocht i 2014. Luadh Miyazaki go minic mar inspioráid do iliomad beochantóirí, stiúrthóirí agus scríbhneoirí.

== Saol luath ==
Rugadh Hayao Miyazaki ar 5 Eanáir, 1941, i mbaile Akebono-cho i Hongō, Cathair Tóiceo, Impireacht na Seapáine, an dara té de cheathrar mac. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Talbot|2005}} {{Efn|Miyazaki's brothers are Arata (born July 1939), Yutaka (born January 1944), and Shirou (born 1945).{{sfn|Lenburg|2012|p=11}}{{sfn|McCarthy|1999|p=26}} Influenced by their father, Miyazaki's brothers went into business; Miyazaki's son [[Goro Miyazaki|Goro]] believes this gave him a &quot;strong motivation to succeed at animation&quot;.{{sfn|Talbot|2005}}}} Bhí a athair, Katsuji Miyazaki (beirthe 1915), {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} ina stiúrthóir ar Eitleán Miyazaki, comhlacht a dhearthár, {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} a mhonaraigh stiúracha le haghaidh eitleáin troda le linn [[an Dara Cogadh Domhanda]] . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Thug an gnó deis dá theaghlach fanacht saibhir le linn luathshaol Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1988}} Bhain athair Miyazaki taitneamh as pictiúir a cheannach agus iad a léiriú do chuairteoirí, ach seachas sin ba bheag tuiscint ealaíonta aitheanta eile bhí aige. {{Sfn|Talbot|2005}} Bhí sé in Arm Impiriúil na Seapáine thart ar 1940, ach scaoileadh é agus tugadh léacht dó faoi mhídhílseacht tar éis a dhearbhú dá oifigeach ceannais nár mhian leis troid mar gheall ar a bhean chéile agus a leanbh óg. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} De réir Miyazaki, d'inis a athair dó go minic faoin a éachtaí, ag maíomh gur lean sé ag freastal ar chlubanna oíche tar éis dó 70 bliain d'aois a bhaint amach. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Fuair Katsuji Miyazaki bás ar 18 Márta, 1993. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Tar éis a bháis, bhraith Miyazaki gur fhéach sé go minic ar a athair go diúltach agus nach raibh aon rud &quot;ard nó spreagúil&quot; ráite aige riamh. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Bhí aiféala air nach raibh plé dáiríre aige lena athair, agus bhraith sé go raibh a chuid “mothúcháin ainrialaitheacha agus a easpa buartha maidir le glacadh le neamhréitigh contrárthachtaí&quot; faighte aige ó oidhreacht. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}}
[[Íomhá:Hayao_and_Yoshiko_Miyazaki.png|clé|mion|Bhí roinnt charactar ó scannáin Miyazaki spreagtha ón a mháthair Yoshiko.{{Sfn|Han|2020}} {{Sfn|Schley|2023}} ]]
Is ar na cuimhí is luaithe atá ag Miyazaki ná &quot;bombed-out cities&quot;.{{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}}  I 1944, nuair a bhí sé trí bliana d'aois, d'aslonngaigh teaghlach Miayzaki go [[Utsunomiya]] . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} I ndiaidh bhuamáil Utsunomiya in Iúil 1945, d'aslonnaigh é féin agus a theaghlach go Kanuma . {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1988}} D'fhág an bhuamáil imprisean buan ar Miyazaki, a bhí ceithre bliana d'aois ag an am. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1988}} Mar leanbh, d'fhulaing Miyazaki le fadhbanna díleácha, agus dúradh leis nach mairfeadh sé níos faide ná 20 bhliain d'aois, agus fágadh é ag brath mar dhíbeartach ; {{Sfn|Han|2020}} {{Sfn|Arakawa|2019}} shíl sé go raibh sé &quot;clumsy and weak&quot;, agus é á chosaint ag a dheartháir sinsir ar scoil. {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} Ó 1947 go 1955, d'fhulaing máthair Miyazaki, Yoshiko, ón eitinn dhromlaigh ; chaith sí an chéad chúpla bliain san ospidéal sular rinneadh cúram di ón mbaile, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} ag cur iachall ar Miyazaki agus a shiblíní chun glacadh le hobair an tí. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Bhí Yoshiko tíosach, {{Sfn|Talbot|2005}} agus cuireadh síos uirthi mar bhean dhian, éirimiúil a cheistigh &quot;socially accepted norms&quot; go rialta. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Ba mhó a bhí le Miyazaki, agus bhí tionchar láidir aici air agus ar a chuid oibre amach anseo. {{Sfn|Talbot|2005}} Fuair Yoshiko Miyazaki bás i mí Iúil 1983 ag 72 bliana d'aois. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Arakawa|2019}}

Thosaigh Miyazaki ar scoil mar aslonnaí sa bhliain 1947, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} ag bunscoil in Utsunomiya ag críochnú an céad go dtí an tríú ghrád. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} Tar éis a bhog a theaglach ar ais go Suginami-ku i 1950, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} chríochnaigh Miyazaki an ceathrú grád ag Bunscoil Ōmiya, agus an cúigiú grád ag Bunscoil Eifuku, a bhí nua-bhunaithe tar éis di scaradh ó Bunscoil Ōmiya. Tar éis dó céim a bhaint amach ó Eifuku mar chuid den chéad rang céimnithe, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} d'fhreastail sé ar [[:ja:杉並区立大宮中学校|Ardscoil Shóisearach Ōmiya]] . {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Bhí sé ag iarraidh a bheith ina ealaíontóir manga, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} ach fuair sé amach nach bhféadfadh sé daoine a tharraingt; ina ionad sin, tharraing sé eitleáin, tancann, agus longa cogaidh ar feadh roinnt blianta. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhí tionchar ag roinnt ealaíontóirí manga ar Miyazaki, ar nós Tetsuji Fukushima, [[:ja:山川惣治|Soji Yamakawa]] agus Osamu Tezuka . Scrios Miyazaki go leor dá shaothar luath, ag creidiúint go raibh sé mar &quot;bad form&quot; chun stíl Tezuka a chóipeáil mar go raibh sé ag cur bac ar a fhorbairt féin mar ealaíontóir. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Comic Box|1982}} B’fhearr leis ealaíontóirí ar nós Tezuka a fheiceáil mar chomhealaíontóirí seachas mar laoich le onóir a thabhairt dóibh. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Timpeall an ama seo, is minic a bhreathnaigh Miyazaki ar scannáin lena athair, a bhí ina ghnáthóir scannán díograiseach; tá ''Meshi'' (1951) agus ''Tasogare Sakaba (1955)'' i measc na scannán nótáilte do Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}}

Tar éis dó céim a bhaint amach ó hArdscoil Shóisearach Ōmiya, d'fhreastail Miyazaki ar Ardscoil Shinsearach Toyotama. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Le linn a thríú bliaina a bhí mar an bhliain dheireanach, spreag ''Panda and the Magic Serpent'' (1958), {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} an chéad ghné-scannán beoite i ndathanna sa tSeapáin; suim Miyazaki sa bheochan. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} D'éalaigh sé ón a bheith ag staidéar dá  scrúduithe iontrála chun féachaint ar an scannán. {{Sfn|Talbot|2005}} Dúirt Miyazaki ina dhiaidh sin, agus é ag titim i ngrá le banlaoch an scannáin, gur bhog an scannán chun deora é agus a d'fhág rian cuimse air, rud a spreag é chun saothar a chruthú a bhí dílis dá mhothúcháin féin in ionad aithris a dhéanamh ar threochtaí a bhfuil tóir orthu; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} scríobh sé gur chuir &quot;pure, earnest world&quot; an scannáin taobh dó chun chinn a &quot;yearned desperately to affirm the world rather than negate it&quot;. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} Tar éis do céimniú ó Toyotama, d'fhreastail Miyazaki ar Ollscoil Gakusuin i Roinn an Gheilleagair Pholaitiúil, ag díriú ar Theoiric Thionsclaíoch na Seapáine; {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} mheas sé gur droch-mhac léinn a bhí ann toisc gur dhírigh sé ar an ealaín in ionad. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Chuaigh sé le &quot;Children's Literature Research Cuub&quot;, an &quot;closest thing back then to a comics club&quot;; {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} uaireanta ba é an t-aon bhall den chlub é. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Ina chuid ama shaoir, thabharfadh Miyazaki cuairt ar a mhúinteoir ealaíne ón meánscoil agus sceitseáil sé ina stiúideo, áit a n-ólfadh an bheirt agus labhair siad faoi &quot;... politics, life, all sorts of things&quot;. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Timpeall an ama seo, tharraing sé ''manga'' freisin; níor chríochnaigh sé aon scéalta, ach charn sé na mílte leathanach de thús scéalta. Chuaigh sé go minic i streo foilsitheoirí ''manga'' freisin  chun a gcuid scéalta a fháil ar cíos. I 1960, bhí Miyazaki mar fhianaiseach le linn agóidí Anpo, tar éis dó spéis a fhorbairt i ndiaidh dó grianghraifeanna a fheiceáil in ''Asahi Graph'' ; faoin bpointe sin, bhí sé ró-dhéanach chun páirt a ghlacadh sna léirsithe. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Bhain Miyazaki céim amach ó Gakusuin in 1963 le céimeanna san [[eolaíocht pholaitiúil]] agus san eacnamaíocht. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}}
 

== Gairm ==

=== Gairm luath ===
[[Íomhá:Isao_Takahata.jpg|deas|mion|D’oibrigh Miyazaki le hIsao Takahata ''(sa phictiúr)'' don chéad uair sa bhliain 1964, ag  cruthú comhoibrithe agus cairdis ar feadh an tsaoil. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Batkin|2017}} {{Sfn|Mahmood|2018}}]]
I 1963, fostaíodh Miyazaki ag Toei Doga ; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} ba í seo an bhliain dheireanach a d'fhostaigh an chomlacht go rialta. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Glac sé arasán de ceithre go leith ''tatami'' ({{Convert|2.25|tsubo|m2 sqft}} ar cíos i Nerima, Tóiceo, in aice le stiúideo Toei; ba ¥6,000 a bhí air, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus ba ¥19,500 an tuarastal a bhí aige ag Toei. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} D’oibrigh Miyazaki mar ealaíontóir eadraíochta ar na scannáin lánfhada amharclainne ''Doggie March'' (1963) agus ''Gulliver’s Travels Beyond the Moon'' (1965) agus ar an ''anime'' teilifíse ''Wolf Boy Ken'' (1963). {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Mhol sé athruithe do chríoch ''Travels Beyond the Moon le Gulliver'' a ghlac a stiúrthóír leo ; ach ní bhfuair sé aon luath ach moladh a shaothar. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Bhrath Miyazaki nach raibh an ealaín eadraíochta sásúil agus theastaigh uaidh oibriú ar dhearaí níos beomhara. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Bhí sé ina cheannaire in aighneas oibre go luath tar éis dó teacht go Toei, agus rinneadh é ina phríomh-rúnaí ar cheardcumann oibre na comhlachta i 1964; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} bhí Isao Takahata ina leas-chathaoirleach, fear lena foirmeodh Miyazaki comhoibriú agus cairdeas leis ar feadh an tsaoil. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Mahmood|2018}} Timpeall an ama seo, cheistigh Miyazaki a rogha gairme agus chuimhnigh sé ar an tionscal a fhágáil; chorraigh léiriú den ''The Snow Queen'' é i 1964, rud a spreag é chun leanúint ar aghaidh ag obair &quot;with renewed determination&quot;. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}}

I rith léiriú na sraithe anime ''Shōnen Ninja Kaze no Fujimaru'' (1964–1965), d'aithrigh Miyazaki ón ealaín eadraíochta go príomhbheochan, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus d'oibrigh sa ról sin ar dhá eagrán de ''Sally the Witch'' (1966–1968) agus roinnt fiú de ''Hustle Punch'' (1965–1966) agus ''Raintai'' (1965–1966). {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Buartha go n-éireodh deiseanna oibre ar thionscadail chruthaitheacha agus ar scannáin lánfhada gann tar éis méadú ar bheochan teilifíse, d’oibrigh Miyazaki go deonach i 1964 chun obair ar an scannán ''The Great Adventure of Horus, Prince of the Sun'' (1968); {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} ba phríomh-bheochantóir, ealaíontóir coincheapa, agus dearthóir radharcanna é, {{Sfn|Lamarre|2009}} agus tugadh creidiúint dó mar &quot;dearthóir radhairc&quot; chun a ról a léiriú. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Ar an scannán sin, d’oibrigh sé go dlúth lena mheantóir, Yasuo Ōtsuka, ina raibh tionchar mór ag modh oibre Ōtsuka ar shaothar Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Lamarre|2009}} Stiúrtha ag Takahata, moladh an scannán go mór, agus measadh gur obair ríthábhachtach é in éabhlóid na beochana, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Anime News Network|2001}} {{Sfn|Drazen|2002}} cé go raibh toradh díomách aige in oifig na dticéad mar gheall ar a scaoileadh teoranta agus íos-mhargaíocht, {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} i measc na dtorthaí ba mheasa a bhí ag Toei Animation, rud a chuir bagairt airgeadais ar an stiúideo. {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} Bhog Miyazaki chuig áras cónaithe in Higashimurayama tar éis a bhainise i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 1965, {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} go Ōizumigakuenchō tar éis breith a dhara mhac in Aibreán 1969, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} agus go [[Tokorozawa]] i 1970. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}}

Chuir Miyazaki bunbheochan ar fáil do ''The Wonderful World of Puss 'n Boots'' (1969), stiúrtha ag Kimio Yabuki . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Chruthaigh sé sraith manga de 12 chaibidil mar sheachtháirge poiblíochta don scannán; ritheadh an tsraith in eagrán Domhnaigh de ''Tokyo Shimbun'' ó hEanáir go Márta 1969. {{Sfn|Comic Box|1982}} {{Sfn|''Animage''|1983}} Níos déanaí, mhol Miyazaki radhairc sa script scannáin do ''Flying Phantom Ship'' (1969) ina mbeadh tancanna míleata ina gcúis le holl-histéire i gcroílár chathair Tóiceo, agus fostaíodh é chun na radhairc a scéal agus a bheochan. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Thosaigh sé ag bogadh i dtreo léiriúcháin mall-luais ina raibh príomhcharachtair bhaineanna don chuid is mó, {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} sholáthair sé bunbheochan do ''Moomin'' (1969), dhá eagrán de ''Himitsu no Akko-chan'' (1969–1970), {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus eagrán amháin de ''Sarutobi Ecchan'' (1971), agus b'é eagraí agus príomhbheochantóir ''Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves'' (1971). {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Faoin ainm cleite Akitsu Saburō, scríobh agus mhaisigh Miyazaki an [[manga]] ''People of the Desert'', a fhoilsíodh i 26 eagrán idir Meán Fómhair 1969 agus Márta 1970 i ''Boys and Girls Newspaper'' (少年少女新聞, ''Shōnen shōjo shinbun)''  . {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Bhí tionchar ag scéalta maisithe air ar nós ''Evil Lord of the Desert'' (沙漠の魔王, ''Sabaku no maō''). {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Sa bhliain 1971, d'fhorbair Miyazaki struchtúr, carachtair, agus dearaí do chóiriú Hiroshi Ikeda de ''Animal Treasure Island'', {{Sfn|Comic Box|1982}} {{Sfn|''Animage''|1983}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus chuir sé beochan agus forbairt scripte ríthábhachtach ar fáil. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Chruthaigh sé an cóiriú manga de 13 chuid, a fhoilsíodh i ''Tokyo Shimbun'' ó hEanáir go Márta 1971. {{Sfn|Comic Box|1982}} {{Sfn|''Animage''|1983}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

D’fhág Miyazaki Toei Animation i Lúnasa 1971, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} tar éis a d'éirigh sé míshásta leis an easpa deiseanna cruthaitheacha agus neamhspleáchais, agus le hachrainn leis an mbainistíocht maidir le ''The Great Adventure of Horus'' . {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Lean sé Takahata agus Yōichi Kotabe chuig A-Pro, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} inar stiúraigh sé, nó ar chomhstiúraigh sé le Takahata, 17 de na 23 eagrán de ''Lupin the Third Part I'', {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} a bhí beartaithe ar dtús mar thionscadal scannáin. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Ba é seo an chéad scannán stiúrtha ag Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Bhí sé féin agus Takahata fostaithe chun béim a chur ar ghreann na sraithe seachas a fhoréigean. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Chuir an bheirt tús freisin le réamhléiriú ar shraith bunaithe ar leabhair ''Pippi Longstocking'' le hAstrid Lindgren, agus iad ag dearadh scéalchlár faorleathan; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Takahata|Miyazaki|Kotabe|2014}} Thaistil Miyazaki agus uachtarán Tokyo Movie Shinsha, Yutaka Fujioka, chuig an tSualainn chun na cearta a fháil - an chéad turas a rinne Miyazaki lasmuigh den tSeapáin agus b'fhéidir an chéad turas thar lear d'aon bheochantóir Seapánach le haghaidh léiriúcháin {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} - ach cuireadh an tsraith ar ceal tar éis dóibh gan a bheith in ann bualadh le Lindgren, agus diúltaíodh a gcead chun an tionscadal a chríochnú. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Takahata|Miyazaki|Kotabe|2014}} D’fhág an taisteal thar lear tionchar ar Miyazaki; {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} ag baint úsáide as coincheapa, scripteanna, dearadh agus beochan ón tionscadal, {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} scríobh, dhear agus bheoigh sé dhá ''Panda!'' ''Téigh, a Phanda!'' gearrscannáin i 1972 agus 1973, le Takahata mar stiúrthóir agus Ōtsuka mar stiúrthóir beochana. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Spreagadh a rogha de phandaí mar gheall ar an dúil mhór i bpandaí sa tSeapáin ag an am. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}}

Tharraing Miyazaki scéalchláir don chéad eagrán de ''The Gutsy Frog'' i 1971 (cé nár úsáideadh iad), sholáthair sé beochan agus scéalchláir thábhachtacha i gcomhair dhá eagrán d'''Akado Suzunosuke'' i 1972, agus sholáthair sé beochan ríthábhachtach d'eagrán amháin de ''Kōya no Shōnen Isamu'' (faoi stiúir Takahata) agus ''Samurai Giants'' i 1973. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Sa bhliain 1972, stiúraigh sé scannán píolótach cúig nóiméad don tsraith teilifíse ''Yuki's Sun''; níor léiríodh an tsraith riamh, agus thit an clár píolótach i ndoilleireacht sular tháinig sé chun cinn arís mar chuid d'eisiúint Blu-ray de shaothair Miyazaki sa bhliain 2014. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} I mí an Mheithimh 1973, bhog Miyazaki agus Takahata ó A-Pro go Zuiyō Eizō, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} inar oibrigh siad ar ''World Masterpiece Theater'', ina raibh a sraith beochana ''Heidi, Girl of the Alps'', oiriúnú de ''Heidi'' le Johanna Spyri, mar chuid de. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Bhí an fhoireann léiriúcháin ag iarraidh go mbeadh an tsraith ag cur le neartú bheochan teilifíse, {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} agus thaistil Miyazaki go dtí an Eilvéis chun taighde a dhéanamh agus sceitse a dhéanamh mar ullmhúchán. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Roinneadh Zuiyō Eizō ina dhá chomhlacht i mí Iúil 1975; rinneadh Nippon Animation de bhrainse Miyazaki agus Takahata. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} D’oibrigh siad go gonnta ar ''Dog of Flanders'' i 1975 sula ndeachaigh siad ag obair ar an mór-shaothar, ''3000 Leagues in Search of Mother'' (1976), stiúrtha ag Takahata, agus ar a son gur thaistil Miyazaki chuig an Airgintín agus an Iodáil le taighde a dhéanamh. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}}

I 1977, roghnaíodh Miyazaki chun a chéad shraith teilifíse beochana, ''Future Boy Conan,'' a stiúradh; {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} stiúraigh sé 24 de na 26 eagrán, a craoladh sa bhliain 1978. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Ní raibh ach ocht n-eagrán críochnaithe nuair a thosaíodh ag craoladh na sraithe; críochnaíodh gach eagrán laistigh de dheich go ceithre lá déag. {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} Oiriúnú ar ''The Incredible Tide'' le Alexander Key a bhí ann, agus{{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} tá roinnt gnéithe sa tsraith a tháinig chun solais arís i saothar Miyazaki níos déanaí, amhail eitleáin chogaidh, eitleáin agus an timpeallachtachas. Bhí Takahata, Ōtsuka, agus Yoshifumi Kondō, ar a chas Miyazaki agus Takahata ag A-Pro, ag obair ar an tsraith chomh maith. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Spreag ''Eachtraí an Uasail Wonderbird'' le Paul Grimault Miyazaki go físiúil. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Rinne Miyazaki príomhbheochan do thríocha eagrán den tsraith ''World Masterpiece Theater'' ''Rascal the Raccoon'' (1977) agus sholáthair sé dearadh agus eagrú radharcanna ar na chéad chúig eagrán déag de ''Anne of Green Gables'' le Takahata sular fhág sé Nippon Animation i 1979. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}}

=== Scannáin foráis ===
Bhog Miyazaki go Tokyo Movie Shinsha chun a chéad scannán lánfhada anime, ''The Castle of Cagliostro'' (1979), a stiúradh, mír den saincheadúnas ''Lupin III'' . {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhí Ōtsuka tar éis dul chun cainte leis chun an scannán a stiúradh i ndiaidh scaoileadh ''Lupin the 3rd: The Mystery of Mamo'' (1978), agus scríobh Miyazaki an scéal le [[:ja:山崎晴哉|Haruya Yamazaki]] . {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Agus é ag iarraidh a chruthaitheacht féin a ionsá sa saincheadúnas, chuir Miyazaki roinnt gnéithe agus tagairtí isteach ann, é spreagtha ag úrscéalta Arsène Lupin le Maurice Leblanc, ar a bhfuil ''Lupin III'' bunaithe, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} chomh maith le h''Eachtraí an Uasail Wonderbird'' . {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Spreag ''Italian Mountain Cities and the Tiber Estuary'' le Kagoshima Publishing é go físiúil, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} a léiríonn a ghrá don Eoraip. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Mhair an léiriúchán ar feadh ceithre mhí {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} agus eisíodh an scannán ar 15 Nollaig, 1979; ba mhian le Miyazaki go raibh mí eile léiriúcháin aige. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Cuireadh deá-fháilte mhór roimhe; {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} vótáil léitheoirí ''Animage'' é mar an beochan is fearr riamh—d'fhan sé sna deich gcinn is fearr ar feadh níos mó ná cúig bliana déag—agus Clarisse mar an banlaoch is fearr. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} De réir dealraimh, sa bhliain 2005, spreagadh gúna Clarrisse gúna pósta an iar-banphrionsa Sayako Kuroda, ós rud é gur lucht leanúna de chuid Miyazaki agus a chuid oibre í. {{Sfn|Macdonald|2005b}} Bhí roinnt scannánóirí Seapánacha agus Meiriceánacha spreagtha ag an scannán, rud a ghríosaigh ómós dó i saothair eile. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}}

Rinneadh príomh-theagascóir beochana de Miyazaki d’fhostaithe nua ag Telecom Animation Film, fochomhlacht de Tokyo Movie Shinsha. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} agus stiúraigh sé dhá eagrán de ''Lupin the Third Part II'', ina dhiadh sin, faoin ainm cleite Teruki Tsutomu (照樹 務) , ar féidir léamh mar &quot;fostaí Telecom&quot;. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Ina ról ag Telecom, chabhraigh Miyazaki le hoiliúint an dara tonn d'fhostaithe. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Chuir Miyazaki príomhbheochan ar fáil d'eagrán amháin de ''The New Adventures of Gigantor'' (1980–1981), {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} agus stiúraigh sé sé eagrán de ''Sherlock Hound'' i 1981, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} go dtí gur chuir ceisteanna dlíthiúla le [[Arthur Conan Doyle|heastát Arthur Conan Doyle]] stop leis an léiriúchán; {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Bhí Miyazaki gnóthach le tionscadail eile faoin am a réitíodh na ceisteanna, agus stiúraigh Kyôsuke Mikuriya na heagráin a bhí fághta agus craoladh iad ó Shamhain 1984 go Bealtaine 1985. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Ba é seo saothar deireanach teilifíse Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Sa bhliain 1982, thosaigh Miyazaki, Takahata, agus Kondō ag obair ar oiriúnú scannáin de ''Little Nemo'', ach d’fhág Miyazaki agus Takahata tar éis cúpla mí mar gheall ar choimhlintí cruthaitheachta le Fujioka (d’fhan Kondō go dtí 1985); críochnaíodh an scannán sé bliana ina dhiaidh sin mar ''Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland'' (1989). {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Chaith Miyazaki tamall sna Stáit Aontaithe le linn léiriú an scannáin. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}}

Tar éis eisiúint ''The Castle of Cagliostro'', thosaigh Miyazaki ag obair ar a chuid smaointe le haghaidh oiriúnú scannáin bheoite de leabhar grinn Richard Corben, ''Rowlf'', agus chuir sé an smaoineamh i láthair Yutaka Fujioka ag Tokyo Movie Shinsha. I Samhna 1980, dréachtaíodh moladh chun cearta an scannáin a fháil. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Kanō|2006}} Timpeall an ama sin, chuaigh foireann eagarthóireachta ''Animage'' i dteagmháil le Miyazaki le haghaidh sraith d'altanna dá n-iris . Thug na heagarthóirí Toshio Suzuki agus Osamu Kameyama cuid dá smaointe [Miyazaki] chuig máthairchomlachta ''Animage'', Tokuma Shoten, a bhí ag smaoineamh ar  scannáin bheoite a mhaoiniú. Moladh dhá thionscadal: Warring States Demon Castle (戦国魔城, ''Sengoku ma-jō''), le bheith lonnaithe sa [[tréimhse Sengoku]] ; agus oiriúnú ar ''Rowlf'' le Corben. Diúltaíodh don dá cheann, mar ní raibh an chomhlacht sásta maoiniú a thabhairt d’anime nach raibh bunaithe ar manga réamhfhoilsithe agus níor féadfadh cearta ''Rowlf'' a fháil. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2007}} Rinneadh athchúrsáil ar ghnéithe de mholadh Miyazaki do ''Rowlf'' ina shaothair amach anseo. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}}

Gan aon scannáin á dtáirgeadh, d’aontaigh Miyazaki manga a fhorbairt don iris, dar teideal ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'' ; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Saitani|1995}} bhí sé i gceist aige stop a chur leis an manga a dhéanamh nuair a gheobhadh sé obair bheochana; cé gur thóg sé roinnt sosanna le na heisiúintí, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} eisíodh an manga ó Feabhra 1982 go Márta 1994 ar deireadh. {{Sfn|Ryan}} Mar gheall ar sceideal gnóthach agus meon foirfeachta Miyazaki, cuireadh roinnt moilleanna ar fhoilseacháin, agus ar ócáid amháin tharraing sé siar roinnt caibidlí roimh fhoilsiú; shíl sé go raibh a fhoilsiú leanúnach mar ualach ar a chuid oibre eile. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Clúdaíonn scéal, mar atá sé athchlóite san imleabhair {{Lang|ja-Latn|[[tankōbon]]}}, seacht n-imleabhar i gcomhar 1,060 leathanach san iomlán. {{Sfn|Ryan}} Díoladh níos mó ná deich milliún cóip sa chéad dá bhliain. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Tharraing Miyazaki na heagráin go príomha le peann luaidhe, agus clódh é i ndúch séipia-tonaithe monacrómach. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2007}} {{Sfn|Saitani|1995}} Spreag an carachtar ó ''[[An Odaisé|hOdyssey]]'' [[Hóiméar|Homer]] (a d'aimsigh Miyazaki agus é ag léamh ''Dictionary of Grecian Myths'' le Bernard Evslin) agus an scéal béaloidis Seapánach ''The Lady who Loved Insects'', an príomhcharachtar, Nausicaä, go páirteach.  Agus bunaíodh an domhan agus an t-éiceachóras ar léitheoireacht Miyazaki ar scríbhinní eolaíochta, stairiúla agus polaitiúla, amhail ''Origins of Plant Cultivation and Agriculture'' le [[:ja:中尾佐助|Sasuke Nakao]], ''The World of Jomon'' le [[:ja:藤森栄一|Eiichi Fujimori]], agus ''Hitler Moves East'' le Paul Carell . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Spreag an tsraith ghreannáin ''Arzach'' le Jean Giraud é freisin, lenar chas sé agus é ag obair ar an manga. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} {{Efn|Miyazaki and Giraud became friends,{{sfn|Cotillon|2005}} and [[Monnaie de Paris]] held an exhibition of their work titled {{lang|fr|Miyazaki et Moebius: Deux Artistes Dont Les Dessins Prennent Vie}} (Two Artists's Drawings Taking on a Life of Their Own) from December 2004 to April 2005; both artists attended the opening of the exhibition.{{sfn|Montmayeur|2005}}}}

I 1982, chabhraigh Miyazaki le beochana tábhachtach do shraith [[Zorro]] nár eisíodh, agus don scannán ''Space Adventure Cobra: The Movie'' . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} D’éirigh sé as a phost le Telecom Animation Film i mí na Samhna. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Timpeall an ama seo, scríobh sé an ''t-úrscéal grafach Turas Shuna'', spreagtha ag an scéal béaloidis Thibéadaigh &quot;An Prionsa a d'éirigh ina mhadra&quot;. D’fhoilsigh Tokuma Shoten an t-úrscéal i mí an Mheithimh 1983, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1983}} rinneadh leagan drámata de le haghaidh chraoladh raidió i 1987, {{Sfn|Kanō|2006}} agus foilsíodh i mBéarla é mar ''Shuna's Journey'' i 2022. {{Sfn|Mateo|2022}} Foilsíodh ''Daydream Data Notes le Hayao Miyazaki'' go mírialta ó Shamhain 1984 go Deireadh Fómhair 1994 i ''[[:fr:Model Graphix|Model Graphix]]'' ; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} craoladh roghanna de na scéalta ar an raidió i 1995. {{Sfn|Kanō|2006}} Tar éis chríochnú an chéad dá imleabhar de ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'' mhol eagarthóirí ''Animage'' oiriúnú gearrscannáin 15 nóiméad ar fad a dhéanamh. Bhí drogall ar Miyazaki ar dtús, ach d’fhreagair sé go mbeadh beochan uair an chloig ar fad níos oiriúnaí, agus d’aontaigh Tokuma Shoten le scannán lánfhada. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Napier|2018}}

Tosaíodh an léiriúchán ar an 31 Bealtaine 1983, agus cuireadh tús leis an mbeochan i mí Lúnasa; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} soláthraíodh maoiniú trí chomhfhiontar idir Tokuma Shoten agus an ghníomhaireacht fógraíochta Hakuhodo, lenar oibrigh deatháir is óige Miyazaki. Roghnaíodh stiúideo beochana Topcraft mar an teach léiriúcháin. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Chonacthas do Miyazaki nach raibh foireann Topcraft iontaofa, {{Sfn|Napier|2018}} agus thug sé roinnt dá iar-chomhoibrithe isteach, ina measc Takahata, a bhí ina léiritheoir, {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} cé go raibh drogall air é déanamh. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Cuireadh tús leis an réamhléiriú ar an 31 Bealtaine 1983; bhí deacrachtaí ag Miyazaki agus é ag cruthú an script scannáin, agus gan ach sé chaibidil déag den mhanga le hoibriú uathu. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Liostáil Takahata an ceoltóir turgnamhach agus íostach [[Joe Hisaishi]] chun scór an scannáin a chumadh; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} ina dhiaidh sin d'oibrigh sé ar gach ceann de scannáin lánfhada Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}}

Don scannán, spreag nimhiú mearcair Bhá Minamata samhlaíocht Miyazaki agus freagra an nádúir agus conas ar bhláth an dúlra i dtimpeallacht nimhithe, ag baint úsáide as sin chun domhan truaillithe an scannáin a chruthú. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} {{Sfn|Napier|2018}} Do phríomhról Nausicaä, roghnaigh Miyazaki Sumi Shimamoto, a chuaigh i bhfeidhm go mór air mar Clarisse i ''gCaisleán Cagliostro'' agus Maki i ''Lupin an Tríú Cuid II'' . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Cruthaíodh ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'' i ndeich mí, {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} agus eisíodh é ar an 11 Márta, 1984. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Shaothraigh sé ¥1.48 billiún ag oifig na dticéad, agus ghnóthaigh sé ¥742 milliún breise in ioncam dáilte. {{Sfn|Kanō|2006}} Is minic a fheictear é mar shaothar ríthábhachtach Miyazaki, rud a dhaingnigh a cháil mar bheochantóir. {{Sfn|Osmond|1998}} Moladh é as an léargas dearfach a thug sé ar mhná, go háirithe Nausicaä. {{Sfn|Moss|2014}} {{Sfn|Nakamura|Matsuo|2002}} {{Sfn|Napier|1998}} Tá roinnt criticeoirí tar éis téamaí ''Nausicaä of Valley of the Wind'' a lipéadú mar téamaí frithchogaidh agus [[Feimineachas|feimineacha]]; áitíonn Miyazaki a mhalairt, ag rá nach bhfuil uaidh ach siamsaíocht a chur ar fáil. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhraith sé go raibh ar Nausicaä a bheith ina bean mar gheall ar an gcumas a bhí aici a chéile comhraic a thuiscint seachas go díreach iad a shárú. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Leag an comhoibriú rathúil ar chruthú an manga agus an scannáin an bhunchloch do thionscadail chomhoibríocha eile. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} I mí Aibreáin 1984, chruthaigh Miyazaki agus Takahata stiúideo chun cóipcheart a gcuid oibre a láimhseáil, agus thug siad Nibariki air (a chiallaíonn &quot;Dé-each-chumhacht&quot;, leasainm an [[Citroen 2CV|Citroën 2CV]], a thiomáin Miyazaki), agus fuarthas oifig dó i mBarda Suginami, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Mishan|2021}} agus Miyazaki ina chomhpháirtí sinsearach. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}}

=== Stiúideo Ghibli ===

==== Scannáin luatha (1985–1995) ====
I ndiaidh rath ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'', {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} bhunaigh Miyazaki agus Takahata {{Efn|Takahata refused to sign the paperwork to found the company, feeling that an artist should not be involved in such business documents. Regardless, he and Miyazaki are considered the studio's founders.{{sfn|Dudok de Wit|2021|p=16}}{{sfn|Denison|2023|p=47}}}}an comhlacht léiriúcháin bheochana Studio Ghibli ar 15 Meitheamh, 1985, mar fhochomhlacht de chuid Tokuma Shoten, {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} {{Efn|According to Suzuki, Studio Ghibli was the successor of the Tokuma Shoten subsidiary company Iraka Planning—creators of ''[[Tempyō no Iraka]]'' (1980)—from which it inherited {{JPY|36&amp;nbsp;million}} in outstanding debts.{{sfn|Denison|2023|p=40}}}} le hoifigí i Kichijōji a dhear Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} D'ainmnigh Miyazaki an stiúideo as an gCaproni Ca.309 {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} agus [[wiktionary:ghibli|an focal Iodáilise]] a chiallaíonn &quot;gaoth the a shéideann i bhfásaigh&quot;; {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} bhí an t-ainm cláraithe bliain roimhe sin. {{Sfn|Dudok de Wit|2021}} D’oibrigh Suzuki do Studio Ghibli mar léiritheoir, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus thosaigh sé go lánaimseartha i 1989, {{Sfn|Dudok de Wit|2021}} a fhad is a rinneadh bainisteoir léiriúcháin de Tōru Hara ó Topcraft; {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Mar gheall ar ról Suzuki i gcruthú an stiúideo agus a scannáin, ó ham go chéile tráchtálaítear dó mar chomhbhunaitheoir, {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} agus breathnaítear go minic go raibh tionchar ag Hara ar rath an chomhlachta. {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} Bhí dlúthbhaint ag Yasuyoshi Tokuma, bunaitheoir Tokuma Shoten, le cruthú an chomhlacht freisin, tar éis dó tacaíocht airgeadais a sholáthar. {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} Measadh Topcraft mar chomhpháirtí chun an chéad scannán eile le Miyazaki a léiriú, ach chuaigh an comhlacht as gnó i 1985 de bharr féimheachta. {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} Fostaíodh roinnt ball foirne ina dhiaidh sin ag Studio Ghibli—suas le 70 fostaí lánaimseartha agus 200 fostaí páirtaimseartha i 1985—a d'oibrigh le Miyazaki roimhe sin ag stiúideonna éagsúla, ar nós Telecom, Topcraft, agus Toei Doga, agus cinn eile ar nós Madhouse, Inc. agus Oh! Táirgeadh . {{Sfn|Denison|2023}}

Sa bhliain 1984, thaistil Miyazaki go dtí an Bhreatain Bheag, ag tarraingt sráidbhailte agus pobail mhianadóireachta Rhondda; chonaic sé [[Stailc na mianadóirí sa Ríocht Aontaithe (1984–1985)|stailc na mianadóirí]] agus bhí meas aige ar dhíograis na mianadóirí dá gcuid oibre agus dá bpobal. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Brooks|2005}} Chuir &quot;sárchumhachtaí míleata&quot; [[Impireacht na Róimhe]], a chuir na [[Na Ceiltigh|Ceiltigh]] faoi chois, fearg air agus mhothaigh sé go raibh an crá seo, in éineacht le stailc na mianadóirí, le brath i bpobail na Breataine Bige. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} D’fhill sé i mBealtaine 1985 chun taighde a dhéanamh dá chéad scannán eile, ''Laputa: Castle in the Sky'', an chéad cheann le Studio Ghibli. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Chuir a sceideal géar léiriúcháin brú ar ar Miyazaki oibriú de ló is d'oíche, san áireamh roimh agus tar éis gnáthuaireanta oibre, agus scríobh sé liricí don téama deiridh. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhain Miyazaki úsáid as oileán ar foluain Laputa ó ''Gulliver's Travels'' sa scannán. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Eisíodh ''Laputa'' ar 2 Lúnasa, 1986, ag Comhlacht Toei . {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} Dhíol sé thart ar 775,000 ticéad, {{Sfn|Suzuki|1996}} ag tuilleadh sochair réasúnta airgeadais, {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} cé gur léirigh Miyazaki agus Suzuki a ndíomá leis na figiúirí oifige ticéad de thart ar US$2.5 million . {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Denison|2018}} {{Sfn|Napier|2018}}

Tar éis rath ''Nausicaä'', thug Miyazaki cuairt ar Yanagawa agus smaoinigh sé ar aithris a dhéanamh air i scannán beoite, agus an-spéis curtha aige ina chóras canálacha; in ionad sin, stiúraigh Takahata clár faisnéise beo-aicsean faoin réigiún, ''The Story of Yanagawa's Canals'' (1987). Rinne Miyazaki an scannán a léiriú agus a mhaoiniú, agus chuir sé roinnt sraitheog bheochana ar fáil. {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Mhair a chruthú ceithre bliana, agus mheas Miyazaki gurbh é a fhreagracht shóisialta - i leith shochaí agus scannánaíocht na Seapáine araon - chun é léiriú a chinntiú. {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} Cruthaíodh ''Laputa'' go páirteach chun léiriú an chlár faisnéise a mhaoiniú, ar a shon a ídigh Takahata a chíste. {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} I mí an Mheithimh 1985, eisíodh ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'' sna Stáit Aontaithe mar ''Warriors of the Wind'', le haistrithe suntasacha; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} baineadh beagnach 30 nóiméad de chomhrá agus forbairt carachtar, rud a scrios codanna dá phlota agus dá théamaí. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Dhiúltaigh Miyazaki agus Takahata ina dhiaidh sin smaoineamh ar a scannáin a eisiúint san Iarthar i gcomhair deich mbliana. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

Tháinig an chéad scannán eile de Miyazaki, ''My Neighbor Totoro'', as na smaointe a bhí aige mar pháiste; mhothaigh sé &quot;gur i ''Totoro'' a thosaigh m'fheasacht&quot;. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Níor éirigh le hiarracht ''My Neighbor Totoro'' a chur i láthair do Tokuma Shoten sna 1980idí luath, agus bhí deacracht ag Miyazaki agus é ag iarraidh é a chuir i láthair aríst i 1987. Mhol Suzuki go n-eiseofaí ''Totoro'' mar eagrán dúbailte in éineacht le ''Grave of the Fireflies'' le Takahata; ós rud é go raibh luach stairiúil ag baint leis an dara scannán, atá bunaithe ar an ngearrscéal ó 1967 le Akiyuki Nosaka, mheas Suzuki go dtabharfaí daltaí scoile chun féachaint ar an dá cheann. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Tá téama an chaidrimh idir an thimpeallacht agus an chine daonna le braith i ''Totoro'', rud a léiríonn gurb é síochán mar thoradh at meas a léiriú don thimpeallacht. {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Tagraíonn an scannán do mháthair Miyazaki freisin; tá máthair an pháiste atá ina príomhcharachtar ina coinneáil sa leaba. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Mar a tharla le ''Laputa'', scríobh Miyazaki liricí don téama deiridh ''Totoro''. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhí Miyazaki ag streachailt le script an scannáin go dtí gur léigh sé scéal ''Mainichi Graph'' faoin saoil sa tSeapáin daichead bliain ó shin, agus roghnaigh sé an scannán a lonnú sa tír roimh  fairsingiú Tóiceo agus teacht na teilifíse. Ina dhiaidh sin, bhronn Miyazaki airgead agus saothair ealaíne chun chaomhnú na talún foraoisí i [[Maoracht Saitama]], ina bhfuil an scannán lonnaithe, a mhaoiniú. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

Thosaigh léiriúchán ''My Neighbor Totoro'' i mí Aibreáin 1987 agus mhair sé ar feadh blaina go díreach; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus eisíodh é ar 16 Aibreán, 1988. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Cé gur mhol na léirmheastóirí go mór é, ní raibh ach rath measartha aige ag oifig na dticéad. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Camp|Davis|2007}} Cheadaigh Stiúideo Ghibli cearta marsantaithe sa bhliain 1990, a spreag rath mór tráchtála; bhí brabúis mharsantachta leo féin in ann an stiúideo a chothaigh ar feadh na mblianta. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Tugadh clasaic chultais ar an scannán, {{Sfn|Camp|Davis|2007}} agus bhain sé rath amach sna Stáit Aontaithe tar éis a eisiúna i 1993, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} áit ar dhíol a eisiúint físeáin bhaile beagnach 500,000 cóip. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Dúirt Akira Kurosawa gur chuaigh an scannán i bhfeidhm air, agus d’ainmnigh sé é i measc a chéad scannán is fearr leis – ceann den mhéid bheag scannán Seapánach a ainmníodh. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Ainmníodh [[astaróideach]] a d'aimsigh Takao Kobayashi i mí na Nollag 1994, ar son an scannáin: 10160 Totoro . {{Sfn|Berton|2020}}

I 1987, fuair Studio Ghibli na cearta chun cóiriú scannáin a chruthú ar úrscéal Eiko Kadono, ''Kiki's Delivery Service'' . Chuir obair Miyazaki ar ''My Neighbor Totoro'' cosc air an cóiriú a stiúradh; bhí sé ina léiritheoir, agus roghnaíodh Sunao Katabuchi mar stiúrthóir agus Nobuyuki Isshiki mar scríbhneoir scripte. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Macdonald|2014}} Threoraigh míshástacht Miyazaki le chéad dréacht Isshiki é chun athrú a dhéanamh ar an tionscadal, agus sa deireadh thóg Miyazaki ról an stiúrthóra. Chuir Kadono a míshástacht in iúl leis na difríochtaí idir an leabhar agus an script, ach d’éirigh le Miyazaki agus Takahata í a mhealladh chun cead a fháil uaithi chun leanúint ar aghaidh leis an léiriúchán. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Macdonald|2014}} Bhí sé i gceist ar dtús go mbeadh an scannán ina chlár speisialta 60 nóiméad ar fad, ach leathnaíodh é ina scannán lánfhada tar éis do Miyazaki na cláir scéil agus an script a chríochnú. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2006}} Mhothaigh Miyazaki gur léirigh streachailt an phríomhcharachtair, Kiki, mothúcháin chailíní óga sa tSeapáin a bhí ag tnúth le maireachtáil go neamhspleách sna cathracha, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus gur léirigh buanna Kiki buanna fíor-chailíní, in ainneoin a cumhachtaí draíochta. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}}  Mar ullmhúchán don léiriúchán, thaistil Miyazaki agus baill shinsearacha foirne eile go dtí an tSualainn, áit ar ghabh siad ochtó rolla scannáin i [[Stócólm]] agus i Visby, agus ba é Visby an phríomhinspioráid do chathair an scannáin. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Eisíodh ''Kiki's Delivery Service'' don chéad uair ar an 29 Iúil, 1989; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus fuair sé an-mholadh ó na léirmheastóirí, agus bhuaigh sé Grand Prix an Anime.  Le breis is 2.6 milliún ticéad díolta, {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} thuill sé ¥2.15 billiún ag oifig na dticéad {{Sfn|Gaulène|2011}} agus ba é an scannán ba mhó brabús sa tSeapáin i 1989. {{Sfn|Hairston|1998}} Cheadaigh Miyazaki agus Studio Ghibli na haistriúcháin Bhéarla ina dhiaidh sin go pearsanta. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

Ó Mhárta go Bealtaine 1989, foilsíodh manga Miyazaki {{Lang|ja-Latn|[[Hikōtei Jidai]]}} san iris ''Model Graphix'', {{Sfn|Lamar|2010}} bunaithe ar smaoineamh níos luaithe do scannán a shann sé do stiúrthóir níos óige i 1988 ach a theip air mar gheall ar easaontais chruthaitheacha. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Thosaigh Miyazaki ag táirgeadh scannáin eitilte 45 nóiméad ar fad do Japan Airlines bunaithe ar an manga; leathnaigh Suzuki é ina scannán lánfhada, dar teideal ''Porco Rosso'', agus de réir mar a d'fhás na hionchais agus mhéadaigh an buiséad. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} Thosaigh Miyazaki ag obair ar an scannán gan mórán cúnaimh, toisc go raibh a léiriúchán ag i gcomhthráth le ''Only Yesterday'' (1991) le Takahata, a chomhléirigh Miyazaki. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Chuaigh tús Chogaí na hIúgslaive i bhfeidhm ar Miyazaki i 1991, rud a spreag gné níos gruama do ''Phorco Rosso'' ; {{Sfn|Havis|2016}} bhog Cogadh Saoirse na Cróite suíomh an scannáin ó [[Dubrovnic|Dubrovnik]] go [[Muir Aidriad]] . {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} Thráchtalaigh Miyazaki níos déanaí gur scannán &quot;amaideach&quot; a bhí ann, toisc nach raibh a ghnéithe aibí oiriúnach do leanaí, {{Sfn|Sunada|2013}} ag lua gur &quot;dá phléisiúr féin&quot; a rinne sé é mar gheall ar a ghrá d'eitleáin. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

Seachas an Curtiss R3C-2, tá gach eitleán i ''bPorco Rosso'' mar déatnúis úrnua ó shamhlaíocht Miyazaki, bunaithe ar chuimhní a óige. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Tugann an scannán ómós freisin d’obair Fleischer Studios agus Winsor McCay, a raibh mór-thionchar acu ar bheochan Seapánach sna 1940idí. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhí téamaí frithchogaidh sa scannán, agus ar a bhreathnódh Miyazaki orthu aríst níos déanaí. {{Sfn|Blum|2013}} {{Sfn|Akimoto|2014}} Is ionann ainm an phríomhcharachtair, Marco Pagot, agus ainm beochantóra Iodálaigh lena raibh Miyazaki ag obair ar ''Sherlock Hound''. {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Mheas roinnt baill foirne baineann ag Studio Ghibli gur macasamhalú toiliúil d'fhoireann Studio Ghibli a bhí i monarcha Piccolo scannán - a bhí faoi stiúir fir agus an foireann a bhfuil ag obair ann mar mhná - ; shíleadar go raibh meas á léiriú ag Miyazaki ar a n-eitic oibre, cé gur cheap daoine eile gur thug sé le fios go raibh sé níos fusa mná a shaothrú. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} D’fhan Japan Airlines ina phríomhinfheisteoir an scannáin, agus de bharr taispeánadh den chéad uair é mar scannán eitilte, {{Sfn|Havis|2016}} sular eisíodh é i bpictiúrlanna ar 18 Iúil, 1992. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Ba é an chéad scannán le Miyazaki nár bhain barr liosta na léitheoirí bliantúla ''Animage'' amach, rud is cúis le fócas aibí an scannáin. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhí an scannán rathúil ó thaobh tráchtála de, agus ba é an scannán leis an oll-thuilleamh is mó sa tSeapáin an bhliain sin; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} d'fhan sé ar cheann de na scannáin leis an oll-thuilleamh is mó ar feadh roinnt blianta. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

Le linn léiriú ''Porco Rosso'', bhí Miyazaki i gceannas ar an obair ar stiúideo nua Studio Ghibli i Koganei, Tóiceo, ag dearadh na bpleananna, ag roghnú ábhar, agus ag obair le tógálaithe. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} D’oscail an stiúideo i mí Lúnasa 1992, {{Sfn|Matsutani|2008}} agus bhog an fhoireann isteach go gairid i ndiaidh scaoileadh ''Porco Rosso'' ' {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Timpeall an ama seo, thosaigh Miyazaki ag obair ar na himleabhair dheireanacha den manga ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'', a chruthaigh sé go hinmheánach ag Studio Ghibli. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} I mí na Samhna, chraol Nippon Television Network (NTV) dhá mhír teilifíse stiúirithe ag Miyazaki: {{Lang|ja-Latn|Sora Iro no Tane}}, mír 90 soicind atá cóirithe ón scéal maisithe {{Lang|ja-Latn|[[Sora Iro no Tane]]}} le Rieko Nakagawa agus Yuriko Omura; agus ''{{Lang|ja-Latn|Nandarou}}'', sraith de cheithre fhógra cúig soicind ar fad ina bhfuil neach domhínithe. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Chuidigh Miyazaki le coincheap ''Pom Poko'' (1994) le Takahata, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus dhear sé na cláir scéil agus scríobh sé an script do ''Whisper of the Heart'' (1995) le Kondō, agus bhí baint ar leith aige le seichimh fantaisíochta an dara ceann. {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} D'fhéach léirmheastóirí agus lucht leanúna ar Kondō mar &quot; léiroidhre &quot; Studio Ghibli. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine|name=Hayao Miyazaki|image=Hayao Miyazaki cropped 1 Hayao Miyazaki 201211.jpg|alma_mater=[[Gakushuin University]]}}
Is beochantóir, scannánóir agus [[ealaíontóir manga]] Seapánach é Hayao Miyazaki (宮崎 駿 nó 宮﨑 駿, Miyazaki Hayao, [mijaꜜzaki hajao]; rugadh Eanair 5, 1941).  Comhbhunaigh sé [[Studio Ghibli]] agus tá sé ina cathaoirleach onórach.  Le linn a ghairme, tá clú idirnáisiúnta bainte amach aige mar scéalaí cumasach agus mar chruthaitheoir de scannáin lánfhada de  [[Anime|bheochan Seapánach]], agus síltear go forleathan gur é ceann de na scannánóirí is inniúla i [[History of animation|stair na beochana]].

Rugtha i gCathair Tóiceo, léirigh Miyazaki suim i manga agus sa bheochan ó haois óg. Chuaigh sé i mbun Toei Animation i 1963, ag obair mar ealaíontóir eadraíochta agus eochairbheochantóir ar scannáin ar nós ''Travels Beyond the Moon le Gulliver'' (1965), ''Puss in Boots'' (1969), agus ''Animal Treasure Island'' (1971), sular bhog sé go A-Pro i 1971, áit ar chomhstiúraigh sé ''Lupin the Third Part I'' (1971–1972) in éineacht le Isao Takahata . Tar éis dó bogadh go Zuiyō Eizō ( Nippon Animation níos déanaí) i 1973, d'oibrigh Miyazaki mar bheochantóir ar ''World Masterpiece Theatre'' agus stiúraigh sé an tsraith teilifíse ''Future Boy Conan'' (1978). Chuaigh sé i Tokyo Movie Shinsha i 1979 chun a chéad scannán lánfhada ''The Castle of Cagliostro'' (1979) agus an tsraith teilifíse ''Sherlock Hound'' (1984-1985) a stiúradh. Scríobh agus léirigh sé an manga ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'' (1982–1994) agus stiúraigh sé an cóiriú scannáin 1984 a léirigh Topcraft.

Chomhbhunaigh Miyazaki Studio Ghibli i 1985, ag scríobh agus ag stiúradh scannáin ar nós ''Laputa: Castle in the Sky'' (1986), ''My Neighbour Totoro'' (1988), ''Kiki's Delivery Service'' (1989), agus ''Porco Rosso'' (1992), a bhain ardmholadh ó léirmheastóirí agus rath tráchtála amach sa tSeapáin. Ba é ''Princess Mononoke'' (1997) le Miyazaki an chéad scannán beoite chun an Duais Scannán Acadamh na Seapáine le haghaidh Pictiúr na Bliana a bhuachan agus go gonnta bhí sé ina scannán leis an oll-thuilleamh is mó sa tSeapáin; mhéadaigh a dháileadh san Iarthar tóir agus tionchar Ghibli ar fud an domhain. Bhí ''Spirited Away'' (2001) ina scannán leis an gcomhlán is mó sa tSeapáin agus bhuaigh sé Gradam an Acadaimh don Scannán Lánfhada Bheoite is Fearr; is minic a rangaítear é i measc na scannán is fearr den 21ú haois. Bhain scannáin Miyazaki ina dhiaidh sin  - ''Howl's Moving Castle'' (2004), ''Ponyo'' (2008), agus ''The Wind Rises'' (2013) ardmholadh ó léirmheastóirí agus rath tráchtála amach freisin.  D’éirigh sé as na scannáin lánfhada in 2013 ach thánaig sé ar ais níos déanaí chun ''[[An Buachaill agus an Chorr]]'' (2023) a dhéanamh, a bhuaigh Gradam an Acadaimh don Scannán Lánfhada Bheoite is Fearr.

Is minic a bhíonn saothair Miyazaki faoi réir anailís léannta agus tréithrítear iad ag athfhilleadh na dtéamaí ar nós chaidreamh an chine dhaonna leis [[Dúlra|an dúlra]] agus leis an teicneolaíocht, tábhacht na healaíne agus na ceardaíochta, agus an deacracht a bhaineann le heitic shíochánta a choinneáil i ndomhan foréigneach. Is minic gur cailíní láidre nó mná óga iad a phríomhphearsana, agus cuireann roinnt dá scannáin  céilí comhraic morálta atá débhríoch go mórálta i láthair ina bhfuil tréithe dearfacha acu. Tá ardmholadh agus gradaim faighte ag shaothair Miyazaki; ainmníodh é ina Dhuine le Fiúntais Chultúrtha as ucht cuidithe cultúrtha den scoth i 2012, agus bronnadh Gradam Oinigh an Acadaimh as a thionchar ar bheochan agus ar scannánaíocht i 2014. Luadh Miyazaki go minic mar inspioráid do iliomad beochantóirí, stiúrthóirí agus scríbhneoirí.

== Saol luath ==
Rugadh Hayao Miyazaki ar 5 Eanáir, 1941, i mbaile Akebono-cho i Hongō, Cathair Tóiceo, Impireacht na Seapáine, an dara té de cheathrar mac. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Talbot|2005}} {{Efn|Miyazaki's brothers are Arata (born July 1939), Yutaka (born January 1944), and Shirou (born 1945).{{sfn|Lenburg|2012|p=11}}{{sfn|McCarthy|1999|p=26}} Influenced by their father, Miyazaki's brothers went into business; Miyazaki's son [[Goro Miyazaki|Goro]] believes this gave him a &quot;strong motivation to succeed at animation&quot;.{{sfn|Talbot|2005}}}} Bhí a athair, Katsuji Miyazaki (beirthe 1915), {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} ina stiúrthóir ar Eitleán Miyazaki, comhlacht a dhearthár, {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} a mhonaraigh stiúracha le haghaidh eitleáin troda le linn [[an Dara Cogadh Domhanda]] . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Thug an gnó deis dá theaghlach fanacht saibhir le linn luathshaol Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1988}} Bhain athair Miyazaki taitneamh as pictiúir a cheannach agus iad a léiriú do chuairteoirí, ach seachas sin ba bheag tuiscint ealaíonta aitheanta eile bhí aige. {{Sfn|Talbot|2005}} Bhí sé in Arm Impiriúil na Seapáine thart ar 1940, ach scaoileadh é agus tugadh léacht dó faoi mhídhílseacht tar éis a dhearbhú dá oifigeach ceannais nár mhian leis troid mar gheall ar a bhean chéile agus a leanbh óg. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} De réir Miyazaki, d'inis a athair dó go minic faoin a éachtaí, ag maíomh gur lean sé ag freastal ar chlubanna oíche tar éis dó 70 bliain d'aois a bhaint amach. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Fuair Katsuji Miyazaki bás ar 18 Márta, 1993. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Tar éis a bháis, bhraith Miyazaki gur fhéach sé go minic ar a athair go diúltach agus nach raibh aon rud &quot;ard nó spreagúil&quot; ráite aige riamh. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Bhí aiféala air nach raibh plé dáiríre aige lena athair, agus bhraith sé go raibh a chuid “mothúcháin ainrialaitheacha agus a easpa buartha maidir le glacadh le neamhréitigh contrárthachtaí&quot; faighte aige ó oidhreacht. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}}
[[Íomhá:Hayao_and_Yoshiko_Miyazaki.png|clé|mion|Bhí roinnt charactar ó scannáin Miyazaki spreagtha ón a mháthair Yoshiko.{{Sfn|Han|2020}} {{Sfn|Schley|2023}} ]]
Is ar na cuimhí is luaithe atá ag Miyazaki ná &quot;bombed-out cities&quot;.{{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}}  I 1944, nuair a bhí sé trí bliana d'aois, d'aslonngaigh teaghlach Miayzaki go [[Utsunomiya]] . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} I ndiaidh bhuamáil Utsunomiya in Iúil 1945, d'aslonnaigh é féin agus a theaghlach go Kanuma . {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1988}} D'fhág an bhuamáil imprisean buan ar Miyazaki, a bhí ceithre bliana d'aois ag an am. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1988}} Mar leanbh, d'fhulaing Miyazaki le fadhbanna díleácha, agus dúradh leis nach mairfeadh sé níos faide ná 20 bhliain d'aois, agus fágadh é ag brath mar dhíbeartach ; {{Sfn|Han|2020}} {{Sfn|Arakawa|2019}} shíl sé go raibh sé &quot;clumsy and weak&quot;, agus é á chosaint ag a dheartháir sinsir ar scoil. {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} Ó 1947 go 1955, d'fhulaing máthair Miyazaki, Yoshiko, ón eitinn dhromlaigh ; chaith sí an chéad chúpla bliain san ospidéal sular rinneadh cúram di ón mbaile, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} ag cur iachall ar Miyazaki agus a shiblíní chun glacadh le hobair an tí. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Bhí Yoshiko tíosach, {{Sfn|Talbot|2005}} agus cuireadh síos uirthi mar bhean dhian, éirimiúil a cheistigh &quot;socially accepted norms&quot; go rialta. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Ba mhó a bhí le Miyazaki, agus bhí tionchar láidir aici air agus ar a chuid oibre amach anseo. {{Sfn|Talbot|2005}} Fuair Yoshiko Miyazaki bás i mí Iúil 1983 ag 72 bliana d'aois. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Arakawa|2019}}

Thosaigh Miyazaki ar scoil mar aslonnaí sa bhliain 1947, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} ag bunscoil in Utsunomiya ag críochnú an céad go dtí an tríú ghrád. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} Tar éis a bhog a theaglach ar ais go Suginami-ku i 1950, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} chríochnaigh Miyazaki an ceathrú grád ag Bunscoil Ōmiya, agus an cúigiú grád ag Bunscoil Eifuku, a bhí nua-bhunaithe tar éis di scaradh ó Bunscoil Ōmiya. Tar éis dó céim a bhaint amach ó Eifuku mar chuid den chéad rang céimnithe, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} d'fhreastail sé ar [[:ja:杉並区立大宮中学校|Ardscoil Shóisearach Ōmiya]] . {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Bhí sé ag iarraidh a bheith ina ealaíontóir manga, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} ach fuair sé amach nach bhféadfadh sé daoine a tharraingt; ina ionad sin, tharraing sé eitleáin, tancann, agus longa cogaidh ar feadh roinnt blianta. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhí tionchar ag roinnt ealaíontóirí manga ar Miyazaki, ar nós Tetsuji Fukushima, [[:ja:山川惣治|Soji Yamakawa]] agus Osamu Tezuka . Scrios Miyazaki go leor dá shaothar luath, ag creidiúint go raibh sé mar &quot;bad form&quot; chun stíl Tezuka a chóipeáil mar go raibh sé ag cur bac ar a fhorbairt féin mar ealaíontóir. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Comic Box|1982}} B’fhearr leis ealaíontóirí ar nós Tezuka a fheiceáil mar chomhealaíontóirí seachas mar laoich le onóir a thabhairt dóibh. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Timpeall an ama seo, is minic a bhreathnaigh Miyazaki ar scannáin lena athair, a bhí ina ghnáthóir scannán díograiseach; tá ''Meshi'' (1951) agus ''Tasogare Sakaba (1955)'' i measc na scannán nótáilte do Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}}

Tar éis dó céim a bhaint amach ó hArdscoil Shóisearach Ōmiya, d'fhreastail Miyazaki ar Ardscoil Shinsearach Toyotama. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Le linn a thríú bliaina a bhí mar an bhliain dheireanach, spreag ''Panda and the Magic Serpent'' (1958), {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} an chéad ghné-scannán beoite i ndathanna sa tSeapáin; suim Miyazaki sa bheochan. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} D'éalaigh sé ón a bheith ag staidéar dá  scrúduithe iontrála chun féachaint ar an scannán. {{Sfn|Talbot|2005}} Dúirt Miyazaki ina dhiaidh sin, agus é ag titim i ngrá le banlaoch an scannáin, gur bhog an scannán chun deora é agus a d'fhág rian cuimse air, rud a spreag é chun saothar a chruthú a bhí dílis dá mhothúcháin féin in ionad aithris a dhéanamh ar threochtaí a bhfuil tóir orthu; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} scríobh sé gur chuir &quot;pure, earnest world&quot; an scannáin taobh dó chun chinn a &quot;yearned desperately to affirm the world rather than negate it&quot;. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} Tar éis do céimniú ó Toyotama, d'fhreastail Miyazaki ar Ollscoil Gakusuin i Roinn an Gheilleagair Pholaitiúil, ag díriú ar Theoiric Thionsclaíoch na Seapáine; {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} mheas sé gur droch-mhac léinn a bhí ann toisc gur dhírigh sé ar an ealaín in ionad. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Chuaigh sé le &quot;Children's Literature Research Cuub&quot;, an &quot;closest thing back then to a comics club&quot;; {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} uaireanta ba é an t-aon bhall den chlub é. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Ina chuid ama shaoir, thabharfadh Miyazaki cuairt ar a mhúinteoir ealaíne ón meánscoil agus sceitseáil sé ina stiúideo, áit a n-ólfadh an bheirt agus labhair siad faoi &quot;... politics, life, all sorts of things&quot;. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Timpeall an ama seo, tharraing sé ''manga'' freisin; níor chríochnaigh sé aon scéalta, ach charn sé na mílte leathanach de thús scéalta. Chuaigh sé go minic i streo foilsitheoirí ''manga'' freisin  chun a gcuid scéalta a fháil ar cíos. I 1960, bhí Miyazaki mar fhianaiseach le linn agóidí Anpo, tar éis dó spéis a fhorbairt i ndiaidh dó grianghraifeanna a fheiceáil in ''Asahi Graph'' ; faoin bpointe sin, bhí sé ró-dhéanach chun páirt a ghlacadh sna léirsithe. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Bhain Miyazaki céim amach ó Gakusuin in 1963 le céimeanna san [[eolaíocht pholaitiúil]] agus san eacnamaíocht. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}}
 

== Gairm ==

=== Gairm luath ===
[[Íomhá:Isao_Takahata.jpg|deas|mion|D’oibrigh Miyazaki le hIsao Takahata ''(sa phictiúr)'' don chéad uair sa bhliain 1964, ag  cruthú comhoibrithe agus cairdis ar feadh an tsaoil. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Batkin|2017}} {{Sfn|Mahmood|2018}}]]
I 1963, fostaíodh Miyazaki ag Toei Doga ; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} ba í seo an bhliain dheireanach a d'fhostaigh an chomlacht go rialta. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Glac sé arasán de ceithre go leith ''tatami'' ({{Convert|2.25|tsubo|m2 sqft}} ar cíos i Nerima, Tóiceo, in aice le stiúideo Toei; ba ¥6,000 a bhí air, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus ba ¥19,500 an tuarastal a bhí aige ag Toei. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} D’oibrigh Miyazaki mar ealaíontóir eadraíochta ar na scannáin lánfhada amharclainne ''Doggie March'' (1963) agus ''Gulliver’s Travels Beyond the Moon'' (1965) agus ar an ''anime'' teilifíse ''Wolf Boy Ken'' (1963). {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Mhol sé athruithe do chríoch ''Travels Beyond the Moon le Gulliver'' a ghlac a stiúrthóír leo ; ach ní bhfuair sé aon luath ach moladh a shaothar. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Bhrath Miyazaki nach raibh an ealaín eadraíochta sásúil agus theastaigh uaidh oibriú ar dhearaí níos beomhara. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Bhí sé ina cheannaire in aighneas oibre go luath tar éis dó teacht go Toei, agus rinneadh é ina phríomh-rúnaí ar cheardcumann oibre na comhlachta i 1964; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} bhí Isao Takahata ina leas-chathaoirleach, fear lena foirmeodh Miyazaki comhoibriú agus cairdeas leis ar feadh an tsaoil. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Mahmood|2018}} Timpeall an ama seo, cheistigh Miyazaki a rogha gairme agus chuimhnigh sé ar an tionscal a fhágáil; chorraigh léiriú den ''The Snow Queen'' é i 1964, rud a spreag é chun leanúint ar aghaidh ag obair &quot;with renewed determination&quot;. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}}

I rith léiriú na sraithe anime ''Shōnen Ninja Kaze no Fujimaru'' (1964–1965), d'aithrigh Miyazaki ón ealaín eadraíochta go príomhbheochan, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus d'oibrigh sa ról sin ar dhá eagrán de ''Sally the Witch'' (1966–1968) agus roinnt fiú de ''Hustle Punch'' (1965–1966) agus ''Raintai'' (1965–1966). {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Buartha go n-éireodh deiseanna oibre ar thionscadail chruthaitheacha agus ar scannáin lánfhada gann tar éis méadú ar bheochan teilifíse, d’oibrigh Miyazaki go deonach i 1964 chun obair ar an scannán ''The Great Adventure of Horus, Prince of the Sun'' (1968); {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} ba phríomh-bheochantóir, ealaíontóir coincheapa, agus dearthóir radharcanna é, {{Sfn|Lamarre|2009}} agus tugadh creidiúint dó mar &quot;dearthóir radhairc&quot; chun a ról a léiriú. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Ar an scannán sin, d’oibrigh sé go dlúth lena mheantóir, Yasuo Ōtsuka, ina raibh tionchar mór ag modh oibre Ōtsuka ar shaothar Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Lamarre|2009}} Stiúrtha ag Takahata, moladh an scannán go mór, agus measadh gur obair ríthábhachtach é in éabhlóid na beochana, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Anime News Network|2001}} {{Sfn|Drazen|2002}} cé go raibh toradh díomách aige in oifig na dticéad mar gheall ar a scaoileadh teoranta agus íos-mhargaíocht, {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} i measc na dtorthaí ba mheasa a bhí ag Toei Animation, rud a chuir bagairt airgeadais ar an stiúideo. {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} Bhog Miyazaki chuig áras cónaithe in Higashimurayama tar éis a bhainise i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 1965, {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} go Ōizumigakuenchō tar éis breith a dhara mhac in Aibreán 1969, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} agus go [[Tokorozawa]] i 1970. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}}

Chuir Miyazaki bunbheochan ar fáil do ''The Wonderful World of Puss 'n Boots'' (1969), stiúrtha ag Kimio Yabuki . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Chruthaigh sé sraith manga de 12 chaibidil mar sheachtháirge poiblíochta don scannán; ritheadh an tsraith in eagrán Domhnaigh de ''Tokyo Shimbun'' ó hEanáir go Márta 1969. {{Sfn|Comic Box|1982}} {{Sfn|''Animage''|1983}} Níos déanaí, mhol Miyazaki radhairc sa script scannáin do ''Flying Phantom Ship'' (1969) ina mbeadh tancanna míleata ina gcúis le holl-histéire i gcroílár chathair Tóiceo, agus fostaíodh é chun na radhairc a scéal agus a bheochan. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Thosaigh sé ag bogadh i dtreo léiriúcháin mall-luais ina raibh príomhcharachtair bhaineanna don chuid is mó, {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} sholáthair sé bunbheochan do ''Moomin'' (1969), dhá eagrán de ''Himitsu no Akko-chan'' (1969–1970), {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus eagrán amháin de ''Sarutobi Ecchan'' (1971), agus b'é eagraí agus príomhbheochantóir ''Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves'' (1971). {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Faoin ainm cleite Akitsu Saburō, scríobh agus mhaisigh Miyazaki an [[manga]] ''People of the Desert'', a fhoilsíodh i 26 eagrán idir Meán Fómhair 1969 agus Márta 1970 i ''Boys and Girls Newspaper'' (少年少女新聞, ''Shōnen shōjo shinbun)''  . {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Bhí tionchar ag scéalta maisithe air ar nós ''Evil Lord of the Desert'' (沙漠の魔王, ''Sabaku no maō''). {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Sa bhliain 1971, d'fhorbair Miyazaki struchtúr, carachtair, agus dearaí do chóiriú Hiroshi Ikeda de ''Animal Treasure Island'', {{Sfn|Comic Box|1982}} {{Sfn|''Animage''|1983}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus chuir sé beochan agus forbairt scripte ríthábhachtach ar fáil. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Chruthaigh sé an cóiriú manga de 13 chuid, a fhoilsíodh i ''Tokyo Shimbun'' ó hEanáir go Márta 1971. {{Sfn|Comic Box|1982}} {{Sfn|''Animage''|1983}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

D’fhág Miyazaki Toei Animation i Lúnasa 1971, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} tar éis a d'éirigh sé míshásta leis an easpa deiseanna cruthaitheacha agus neamhspleáchais, agus le hachrainn leis an mbainistíocht maidir le ''The Great Adventure of Horus'' . {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Lean sé Takahata agus Yōichi Kotabe chuig A-Pro, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} inar stiúraigh sé, nó ar chomhstiúraigh sé le Takahata, 17 de na 23 eagrán de ''Lupin the Third Part I'', {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} a bhí beartaithe ar dtús mar thionscadal scannáin. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Ba é seo an chéad scannán stiúrtha ag Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Bhí sé féin agus Takahata fostaithe chun béim a chur ar ghreann na sraithe seachas a fhoréigean. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Chuir an bheirt tús freisin le réamhléiriú ar shraith bunaithe ar leabhair ''Pippi Longstocking'' le hAstrid Lindgren, agus iad ag dearadh scéalchlár faorleathan; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Takahata|Miyazaki|Kotabe|2014}} Thaistil Miyazaki agus uachtarán Tokyo Movie Shinsha, Yutaka Fujioka, chuig an tSualainn chun na cearta a fháil - an chéad turas a rinne Miyazaki lasmuigh den tSeapáin agus b'fhéidir an chéad turas thar lear d'aon bheochantóir Seapánach le haghaidh léiriúcháin {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} - ach cuireadh an tsraith ar ceal tar éis dóibh gan a bheith in ann bualadh le Lindgren, agus diúltaíodh a gcead chun an tionscadal a chríochnú. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Takahata|Miyazaki|Kotabe|2014}} D’fhág an taisteal thar lear tionchar ar Miyazaki; {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} ag baint úsáide as coincheapa, scripteanna, dearadh agus beochan ón tionscadal, {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} scríobh, dhear agus bheoigh sé dhá ''Panda!'' ''Téigh, a Phanda!'' gearrscannáin i 1972 agus 1973, le Takahata mar stiúrthóir agus Ōtsuka mar stiúrthóir beochana. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Spreagadh a rogha de phandaí mar gheall ar an dúil mhór i bpandaí sa tSeapáin ag an am. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}}

Tharraing Miyazaki scéalchláir don chéad eagrán de ''The Gutsy Frog'' i 1971 (cé nár úsáideadh iad), sholáthair sé beochan agus scéalchláir thábhachtacha i gcomhair dhá eagrán d'''Akado Suzunosuke'' i 1972, agus sholáthair sé beochan ríthábhachtach d'eagrán amháin de ''Kōya no Shōnen Isamu'' (faoi stiúir Takahata) agus ''Samurai Giants'' i 1973. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Sa bhliain 1972, stiúraigh sé scannán píolótach cúig nóiméad don tsraith teilifíse ''Yuki's Sun''; níor léiríodh an tsraith riamh, agus thit an clár píolótach i ndoilleireacht sular tháinig sé chun cinn arís mar chuid d'eisiúint Blu-ray de shaothair Miyazaki sa bhliain 2014. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} I mí an Mheithimh 1973, bhog Miyazaki agus Takahata ó A-Pro go Zuiyō Eizō, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} inar oibrigh siad ar ''World Masterpiece Theater'', ina raibh a sraith beochana ''Heidi, Girl of the Alps'', oiriúnú de ''Heidi'' le Johanna Spyri, mar chuid de. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Bhí an fhoireann léiriúcháin ag iarraidh go mbeadh an tsraith ag cur le neartú bheochan teilifíse, {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} agus thaistil Miyazaki go dtí an Eilvéis chun taighde a dhéanamh agus sceitse a dhéanamh mar ullmhúchán. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Roinneadh Zuiyō Eizō ina dhá chomhlacht i mí Iúil 1975; rinneadh Nippon Animation de bhrainse Miyazaki agus Takahata. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} D’oibrigh siad go gonnta ar ''Dog of Flanders'' i 1975 sula ndeachaigh siad ag obair ar an mór-shaothar, ''3000 Leagues in Search of Mother'' (1976), stiúrtha ag Takahata, agus ar a son gur thaistil Miyazaki chuig an Airgintín agus an Iodáil le taighde a dhéanamh. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}}

I 1977, roghnaíodh Miyazaki chun a chéad shraith teilifíse beochana, ''Future Boy Conan,'' a stiúradh; {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} stiúraigh sé 24 de na 26 eagrán, a craoladh sa bhliain 1978. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Ní raibh ach ocht n-eagrán críochnaithe nuair a thosaíodh ag craoladh na sraithe; críochnaíodh gach eagrán laistigh de dheich go ceithre lá déag. {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} Oiriúnú ar ''The Incredible Tide'' le Alexander Key a bhí ann, agus{{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} tá roinnt gnéithe sa tsraith a tháinig chun solais arís i saothar Miyazaki níos déanaí, amhail eitleáin chogaidh, eitleáin agus an timpeallachtachas. Bhí Takahata, Ōtsuka, agus Yoshifumi Kondō, ar a chas Miyazaki agus Takahata ag A-Pro, ag obair ar an tsraith chomh maith. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Spreag ''Eachtraí an Uasail Wonderbird'' le Paul Grimault Miyazaki go físiúil. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Rinne Miyazaki príomhbheochan do thríocha eagrán den tsraith ''World Masterpiece Theater'' ''Rascal the Raccoon'' (1977) agus sholáthair sé dearadh agus eagrú radharcanna ar na chéad chúig eagrán déag de ''Anne of Green Gables'' le Takahata sular fhág sé Nippon Animation i 1979. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}}

=== Scannáin foráis ===
Bhog Miyazaki go Tokyo Movie Shinsha chun a chéad scannán lánfhada anime, ''The Castle of Cagliostro'' (1979), a stiúradh, mír den saincheadúnas ''Lupin III'' . {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhí Ōtsuka tar éis dul chun cainte leis chun an scannán a stiúradh i ndiaidh scaoileadh ''Lupin the 3rd: The Mystery of Mamo'' (1978), agus scríobh Miyazaki an scéal le [[:ja:山崎晴哉|Haruya Yamazaki]] . {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Agus é ag iarraidh a chruthaitheacht féin a ionsá sa saincheadúnas, chuir Miyazaki roinnt gnéithe agus tagairtí isteach ann, é spreagtha ag úrscéalta Arsène Lupin le Maurice Leblanc, ar a bhfuil ''Lupin III'' bunaithe, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} chomh maith le h''Eachtraí an Uasail Wonderbird'' . {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Spreag ''Italian Mountain Cities and the Tiber Estuary'' le Kagoshima Publishing é go físiúil, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} a léiríonn a ghrá don Eoraip. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Mhair an léiriúchán ar feadh ceithre mhí {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} agus eisíodh an scannán ar 15 Nollaig, 1979; ba mhian le Miyazaki go raibh mí eile léiriúcháin aige. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Cuireadh deá-fháilte mhór roimhe; {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} vótáil léitheoirí ''Animage'' é mar an beochan is fearr riamh—d'fhan sé sna deich gcinn is fearr ar feadh níos mó ná cúig bliana déag—agus Clarisse mar an banlaoch is fearr. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} De réir dealraimh, sa bhliain 2005, spreagadh gúna Clarrisse gúna pósta an iar-banphrionsa Sayako Kuroda, ós rud é gur lucht leanúna de chuid Miyazaki agus a chuid oibre í. {{Sfn|Macdonald|2005b}} Bhí roinnt scannánóirí Seapánacha agus Meiriceánacha spreagtha ag an scannán, rud a ghríosaigh ómós dó i saothair eile. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}}

Rinneadh príomh-theagascóir beochana de Miyazaki d’fhostaithe nua ag Telecom Animation Film, fochomhlacht de Tokyo Movie Shinsha. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} agus stiúraigh sé dhá eagrán de ''Lupin the Third Part II'', ina dhiadh sin, faoin ainm cleite Teruki Tsutomu (照樹 務) , ar féidir léamh mar &quot;fostaí Telecom&quot;. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Ina ról ag Telecom, chabhraigh Miyazaki le hoiliúint an dara tonn d'fhostaithe. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Chuir Miyazaki príomhbheochan ar fáil d'eagrán amháin de ''The New Adventures of Gigantor'' (1980–1981), {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} agus stiúraigh sé sé eagrán de ''Sherlock Hound'' i 1981, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} go dtí gur chuir ceisteanna dlíthiúla le [[Arthur Conan Doyle|heastát Arthur Conan Doyle]] stop leis an léiriúchán; {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Bhí Miyazaki gnóthach le tionscadail eile faoin am a réitíodh na ceisteanna, agus stiúraigh Kyôsuke Mikuriya na heagráin a bhí fághta agus craoladh iad ó Shamhain 1984 go Bealtaine 1985. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Ba é seo saothar deireanach teilifíse Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Sa bhliain 1982, thosaigh Miyazaki, Takahata, agus Kondō ag obair ar oiriúnú scannáin de ''Little Nemo'', ach d’fhág Miyazaki agus Takahata tar éis cúpla mí mar gheall ar choimhlintí cruthaitheachta le Fujioka (d’fhan Kondō go dtí 1985); críochnaíodh an scannán sé bliana ina dhiaidh sin mar ''Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland'' (1989). {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Chaith Miyazaki tamall sna Stáit Aontaithe le linn léiriú an scannáin. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}}

Tar éis eisiúint ''The Castle of Cagliostro'', thosaigh Miyazaki ag obair ar a chuid smaointe le haghaidh oiriúnú scannáin bheoite de leabhar grinn Richard Corben, ''Rowlf'', agus chuir sé an smaoineamh i láthair Yutaka Fujioka ag Tokyo Movie Shinsha. I Samhna 1980, dréachtaíodh moladh chun cearta an scannáin a fháil. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Kanō|2006}} Timpeall an ama sin, chuaigh foireann eagarthóireachta ''Animage'' i dteagmháil le Miyazaki le haghaidh sraith d'altanna dá n-iris . Thug na heagarthóirí Toshio Suzuki agus Osamu Kameyama cuid dá smaointe [Miyazaki] chuig máthairchomlachta ''Animage'', Tokuma Shoten, a bhí ag smaoineamh ar  scannáin bheoite a mhaoiniú. Moladh dhá thionscadal: Warring States Demon Castle (戦国魔城, ''Sengoku ma-jō''), le bheith lonnaithe sa [[tréimhse Sengoku]] ; agus oiriúnú ar ''Rowlf'' le Corben. Diúltaíodh don dá cheann, mar ní raibh an chomhlacht sásta maoiniú a thabhairt d’anime nach raibh bunaithe ar manga réamhfhoilsithe agus níor féadfadh cearta ''Rowlf'' a fháil. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2007}} Rinneadh athchúrsáil ar ghnéithe de mholadh Miyazaki do ''Rowlf'' ina shaothair amach anseo. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}}

Gan aon scannáin á dtáirgeadh, d’aontaigh Miyazaki manga a fhorbairt don iris, dar teideal ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'' ; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Saitani|1995}} bhí sé i gceist aige stop a chur leis an manga a dhéanamh nuair a gheobhadh sé obair bheochana; cé gur thóg sé roinnt sosanna le na heisiúintí, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} eisíodh an manga ó Feabhra 1982 go Márta 1994 ar deireadh. {{Sfn|Ryan}} Mar gheall ar sceideal gnóthach agus meon foirfeachta Miyazaki, cuireadh roinnt moilleanna ar fhoilseacháin, agus ar ócáid amháin tharraing sé siar roinnt caibidlí roimh fhoilsiú; shíl sé go raibh a fhoilsiú leanúnach mar ualach ar a chuid oibre eile. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Clúdaíonn scéal, mar atá sé athchlóite san imleabhair {{Lang|ja-Latn|[[tankōbon]]}}, seacht n-imleabhar i gcomhar 1,060 leathanach san iomlán. {{Sfn|Ryan}} Díoladh níos mó ná deich milliún cóip sa chéad dá bhliain. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Tharraing Miyazaki na heagráin go príomha le peann luaidhe, agus clódh é i ndúch séipia-tonaithe monacrómach. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2007}} {{Sfn|Saitani|1995}} Spreag an carachtar ó ''[[An Odaisé|hOdyssey]]'' [[Hóiméar|Homer]] (a d'aimsigh Miyazaki agus é ag léamh ''Dictionary of Grecian Myths'' le Bernard Evslin) agus an scéal béaloidis Seapánach ''The Lady who Loved Insects'', an príomhcharachtar, Nausicaä, go páirteach.  Agus bunaíodh an domhan agus an t-éiceachóras ar léitheoireacht Miyazaki ar scríbhinní eolaíochta, stairiúla agus polaitiúla, amhail ''Origins of Plant Cultivation and Agriculture'' le [[:ja:中尾佐助|Sasuke Nakao]], ''The World of Jomon'' le [[:ja:藤森栄一|Eiichi Fujimori]], agus ''Hitler Moves East'' le Paul Carell . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Spreag an tsraith ghreannáin ''Arzach'' le Jean Giraud é freisin, lenar chas sé agus é ag obair ar an manga. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} {{Efn|Miyazaki and Giraud became friends,{{sfn|Cotillon|2005}} and [[Monnaie de Paris]] held an exhibition of their work titled {{lang|fr|Miyazaki et Moebius: Deux Artistes Dont Les Dessins Prennent Vie}} (Two Artists's Drawings Taking on a Life of Their Own) from December 2004 to April 2005; both artists attended the opening of the exhibition.{{sfn|Montmayeur|2005}}}}

I 1982, chabhraigh Miyazaki le beochana tábhachtach do shraith [[Zorro]] nár eisíodh, agus don scannán ''Space Adventure Cobra: The Movie'' . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} D’éirigh sé as a phost le Telecom Animation Film i mí na Samhna. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Timpeall an ama seo, scríobh sé an ''t-úrscéal grafach Turas Shuna'', spreagtha ag an scéal béaloidis Thibéadaigh &quot;An Prionsa a d'éirigh ina mhadra&quot;. D’fhoilsigh Tokuma Shoten an t-úrscéal i mí an Mheithimh 1983, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1983}} rinneadh leagan drámata de le haghaidh chraoladh raidió i 1987, {{Sfn|Kanō|2006}} agus foilsíodh i mBéarla é mar ''Shuna's Journey'' i 2022. {{Sfn|Mateo|2022}} Foilsíodh ''Daydream Data Notes le Hayao Miyazaki'' go mírialta ó Shamhain 1984 go Deireadh Fómhair 1994 i ''[[:fr:Model Graphix|Model Graphix]]'' ; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} craoladh roghanna de na scéalta ar an raidió i 1995. {{Sfn|Kanō|2006}} Tar éis chríochnú an chéad dá imleabhar de ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'' mhol eagarthóirí ''Animage'' oiriúnú gearrscannáin 15 nóiméad ar fad a dhéanamh. Bhí drogall ar Miyazaki ar dtús, ach d’fhreagair sé go mbeadh beochan uair an chloig ar fad níos oiriúnaí, agus d’aontaigh Tokuma Shoten le scannán lánfhada. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Napier|2018}}

Tosaíodh an léiriúchán ar an 31 Bealtaine 1983, agus cuireadh tús leis an mbeochan i mí Lúnasa; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} soláthraíodh maoiniú trí chomhfhiontar idir Tokuma Shoten agus an ghníomhaireacht fógraíochta Hakuhodo, lenar oibrigh deatháir is óige Miyazaki. Roghnaíodh stiúideo beochana Topcraft mar an teach léiriúcháin. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Chonacthas do Miyazaki nach raibh foireann Topcraft iontaofa, {{Sfn|Napier|2018}} agus thug sé roinnt dá iar-chomhoibrithe isteach, ina measc Takahata, a bhí ina léiritheoir, {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} cé go raibh drogall air é déanamh. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Cuireadh tús leis an réamhléiriú ar an 31 Bealtaine 1983; bhí deacrachtaí ag Miyazaki agus é ag cruthú an script scannáin, agus gan ach sé chaibidil déag den mhanga le hoibriú uathu. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Liostáil Takahata an ceoltóir turgnamhach agus íostach [[Joe Hisaishi]] chun scór an scannáin a chumadh; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} ina dhiaidh sin d'oibrigh sé ar gach ceann de scannáin lánfhada Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}}

Don scannán, spreag nimhiú mearcair Bhá Minamata samhlaíocht Miyazaki agus freagra an nádúir agus conas ar bhláth an dúlra i dtimpeallacht nimhithe, ag baint úsáide as sin chun domhan truaillithe an scannáin a chruthú. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} {{Sfn|Napier|2018}} Do phríomhról Nausicaä, roghnaigh Miyazaki Sumi Shimamoto, a chuaigh i bhfeidhm go mór air mar Clarisse i ''gCaisleán Cagliostro'' agus Maki i ''Lupin an Tríú Cuid II'' . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Cruthaíodh ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'' i ndeich mí, {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} agus eisíodh é ar an 11 Márta, 1984. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Shaothraigh sé ¥1.48 billiún ag oifig na dticéad, agus ghnóthaigh sé ¥742 milliún breise in ioncam dáilte. {{Sfn|Kanō|2006}} Is minic a fheictear é mar shaothar ríthábhachtach Miyazaki, rud a dhaingnigh a cháil mar bheochantóir. {{Sfn|Osmond|1998}} Moladh é as an léargas dearfach a thug sé ar mhná, go háirithe Nausicaä. {{Sfn|Moss|2014}} {{Sfn|Nakamura|Matsuo|2002}} {{Sfn|Napier|1998}} Tá roinnt criticeoirí tar éis téamaí ''Nausicaä of Valley of the Wind'' a lipéadú mar téamaí frithchogaidh agus [[Feimineachas|feimineacha]]; áitíonn Miyazaki a mhalairt, ag rá nach bhfuil uaidh ach siamsaíocht a chur ar fáil. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhraith sé go raibh ar Nausicaä a bheith ina bean mar gheall ar an gcumas a bhí aici a chéile comhraic a thuiscint seachas go díreach iad a shárú. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Leag an comhoibriú rathúil ar chruthú an manga agus an scannáin an bhunchloch do thionscadail chomhoibríocha eile. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} I mí Aibreáin 1984, chruthaigh Miyazaki agus Takahata stiúideo chun cóipcheart a gcuid oibre a láimhseáil, agus thug siad Nibariki air (a chiallaíonn &quot;Dé-each-chumhacht&quot;, leasainm an [[Citroen 2CV|Citroën 2CV]], a thiomáin Miyazaki), agus fuarthas oifig dó i mBarda Suginami, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Mishan|2021}} agus Miyazaki ina chomhpháirtí sinsearach. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}}

=== Stiúideo Ghibli ===

==== Scannáin luatha (1985–1995) ====
I ndiaidh rath ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'', {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} bhunaigh Miyazaki agus Takahata {{Efn|Takahata refused to sign the paperwork to found the company, feeling that an artist should not be involved in such business documents. Regardless, he and Miyazaki are considered the studio's founders.{{sfn|Dudok de Wit|2021|p=16}}{{sfn|Denison|2023|p=47}}}}an comhlacht léiriúcháin bheochana Studio Ghibli ar 15 Meitheamh, 1985, mar fhochomhlacht de chuid Tokuma Shoten, {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} {{Efn|According to Suzuki, Studio Ghibli was the successor of the Tokuma Shoten subsidiary company Iraka Planning—creators of ''[[Tempyō no Iraka]]'' (1980)—from which it inherited {{JPY|36&amp;nbsp;million}} in outstanding debts.{{sfn|Denison|2023|p=40}}}} le hoifigí i Kichijōji a dhear Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} D'ainmnigh Miyazaki an stiúideo as an gCaproni Ca.309 {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} agus [[wiktionary:ghibli|an focal Iodáilise]] a chiallaíonn &quot;gaoth the a shéideann i bhfásaigh&quot;; {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} bhí an t-ainm cláraithe bliain roimhe sin. {{Sfn|Dudok de Wit|2021}} D’oibrigh Suzuki do Studio Ghibli mar léiritheoir, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus thosaigh sé go lánaimseartha i 1989, {{Sfn|Dudok de Wit|2021}} a fhad is a rinneadh bainisteoir léiriúcháin de Tōru Hara ó Topcraft; {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Mar gheall ar ról Suzuki i gcruthú an stiúideo agus a scannáin, ó ham go chéile tráchtálaítear dó mar chomhbhunaitheoir, {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} agus breathnaítear go minic go raibh tionchar ag Hara ar rath an chomhlachta. {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} Bhí dlúthbhaint ag Yasuyoshi Tokuma, bunaitheoir Tokuma Shoten, le cruthú an chomhlacht freisin, tar éis dó tacaíocht airgeadais a sholáthar. {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} Measadh Topcraft mar chomhpháirtí chun an chéad scannán eile le Miyazaki a léiriú, ach chuaigh an comhlacht as gnó i 1985 de bharr féimheachta. {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} Fostaíodh roinnt ball foirne ina dhiaidh sin ag Studio Ghibli—suas le 70 fostaí lánaimseartha agus 200 fostaí páirtaimseartha i 1985—a d'oibrigh le Miyazaki roimhe sin ag stiúideonna éagsúla, ar nós Telecom, Topcraft, agus Toei Doga, agus cinn eile ar nós Madhouse, Inc. agus Oh! Táirgeadh . {{Sfn|Denison|2023}}

Sa bhliain 1984, thaistil Miyazaki go dtí an Bhreatain Bheag, ag tarraingt sráidbhailte agus pobail mhianadóireachta Rhondda; chonaic sé [[Stailc na mianadóirí sa Ríocht Aontaithe (1984–1985)|stailc na mianadóirí]] agus bhí meas aige ar dhíograis na mianadóirí dá gcuid oibre agus dá bpobal. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Brooks|2005}} Chuir &quot;sárchumhachtaí míleata&quot; [[Impireacht na Róimhe]], a chuir na [[Na Ceiltigh|Ceiltigh]] faoi chois, fearg air agus mhothaigh sé go raibh an crá seo, in éineacht le stailc na mianadóirí, le brath i bpobail na Breataine Bige. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} D’fhill sé i mBealtaine 1985 chun taighde a dhéanamh dá chéad scannán eile, ''Laputa: Castle in the Sky'', an chéad cheann le Studio Ghibli. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Chuir a sceideal géar léiriúcháin brú ar ar Miyazaki oibriú de ló is d'oíche, san áireamh roimh agus tar éis gnáthuaireanta oibre, agus scríobh sé liricí don téama deiridh. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhain Miyazaki úsáid as oileán ar foluain Laputa ó ''Gulliver's Travels'' sa scannán. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Eisíodh ''Laputa'' ar 2 Lúnasa, 1986, ag Comhlacht Toei . {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} Dhíol sé thart ar 775,000 ticéad, {{Sfn|Suzuki|1996}} ag tuilleadh sochair réasúnta airgeadais, {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} cé gur léirigh Miyazaki agus Suzuki a ndíomá leis na figiúirí oifige ticéad de thart ar US$2.5 million . {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Denison|2018}} {{Sfn|Napier|2018}}

Tar éis rath ''Nausicaä'', thug Miyazaki cuairt ar Yanagawa agus smaoinigh sé ar aithris a dhéanamh air i scannán beoite, agus an-spéis curtha aige ina chóras canálacha; in ionad sin, stiúraigh Takahata clár faisnéise beo-aicsean faoin réigiún, ''The Story of Yanagawa's Canals'' (1987). Rinne Miyazaki an scannán a léiriú agus a mhaoiniú, agus chuir sé roinnt sraitheog bheochana ar fáil. {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Mhair a chruthú ceithre bliana, agus mheas Miyazaki gurbh é a fhreagracht shóisialta - i leith shochaí agus scannánaíocht na Seapáine araon - chun é léiriú a chinntiú. {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} Cruthaíodh ''Laputa'' go páirteach chun léiriú an chlár faisnéise a mhaoiniú, ar a shon a ídigh Takahata a chíste. {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} I mí an Mheithimh 1985, eisíodh ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'' sna Stáit Aontaithe mar ''Warriors of the Wind'', le haistrithe suntasacha; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} baineadh beagnach 30 nóiméad de chomhrá agus forbairt carachtar, rud a scrios codanna dá phlota agus dá théamaí. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Dhiúltaigh Miyazaki agus Takahata ina dhiaidh sin smaoineamh ar a scannáin a eisiúint san Iarthar i gcomhair deich mbliana. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

Tháinig an chéad scannán eile de Miyazaki, ''My Neighbor Totoro'', as na smaointe a bhí aige mar pháiste; mhothaigh sé &quot;gur i ''Totoro'' a thosaigh m'fheasacht&quot;. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Níor éirigh le hiarracht ''My Neighbor Totoro'' a chur i láthair do Tokuma Shoten sna 1980idí luath, agus bhí deacracht ag Miyazaki agus é ag iarraidh é a chuir i láthair aríst i 1987. Mhol Suzuki go n-eiseofaí ''Totoro'' mar eagrán dúbailte in éineacht le ''Grave of the Fireflies'' le Takahata; ós rud é go raibh luach stairiúil ag baint leis an dara scannán, atá bunaithe ar an ngearrscéal ó 1967 le Akiyuki Nosaka, mheas Suzuki go dtabharfaí daltaí scoile chun féachaint ar an dá cheann. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Tá téama an chaidrimh idir an thimpeallacht agus an chine daonna le braith i ''Totoro'', rud a léiríonn gurb é síochán mar thoradh at meas a léiriú don thimpeallacht. {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Tagraíonn an scannán do mháthair Miyazaki freisin; tá máthair an pháiste atá ina príomhcharachtar ina coinneáil sa leaba. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Mar a tharla le ''Laputa'', scríobh Miyazaki liricí don téama deiridh ''Totoro''. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhí Miyazaki ag streachailt le script an scannáin go dtí gur léigh sé scéal ''Mainichi Graph'' faoin saoil sa tSeapáin daichead bliain ó shin, agus roghnaigh sé an scannán a lonnú sa tír roimh  fairsingiú Tóiceo agus teacht na teilifíse. Ina dhiaidh sin, bhronn Miyazaki airgead agus saothair ealaíne chun chaomhnú na talún foraoisí i [[Maoracht Saitama]], ina bhfuil an scannán lonnaithe, a mhaoiniú. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

Thosaigh léiriúchán ''My Neighbor Totoro'' i mí Aibreáin 1987 agus mhair sé ar feadh blaina go díreach; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus eisíodh é ar 16 Aibreán, 1988. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Cé gur mhol na léirmheastóirí go mór é, ní raibh ach rath measartha aige ag oifig na dticéad. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Camp|Davis|2007}} Cheadaigh Stiúideo Ghibli cearta marsantaithe sa bhliain 1990, a spreag rath mór tráchtála; bhí brabúis mharsantachta leo féin in ann an stiúideo a chothaigh ar feadh na mblianta. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Tugadh clasaic chultais ar an scannán, {{Sfn|Camp|Davis|2007}} agus bhain sé rath amach sna Stáit Aontaithe tar éis a eisiúna i 1993, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} áit ar dhíol a eisiúint físeáin bhaile beagnach 500,000 cóip. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Dúirt Akira Kurosawa gur chuaigh an scannán i bhfeidhm air, agus d’ainmnigh sé é i measc a chéad scannán is fearr leis – ceann den mhéid bheag scannán Seapánach a ainmníodh. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Ainmníodh [[astaróideach]] a d'aimsigh Takao Kobayashi i mí na Nollag 1994, ar son an scannáin: 10160 Totoro . {{Sfn|Berton|2020}}

I 1987, fuair Studio Ghibli na cearta chun cóiriú scannáin a chruthú ar úrscéal Eiko Kadono, ''Kiki's Delivery Service'' . Chuir obair Miyazaki ar ''My Neighbor Totoro'' cosc air an cóiriú a stiúradh; bhí sé ina léiritheoir, agus roghnaíodh Sunao Katabuchi mar stiúrthóir agus Nobuyuki Isshiki mar scríbhneoir scripte. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Macdonald|2014}} Threoraigh míshástacht Miyazaki le chéad dréacht Isshiki é chun athrú a dhéanamh ar an tionscadal, agus sa deireadh thóg Miyazaki ról an stiúrthóra. Chuir Kadono a míshástacht in iúl leis na difríochtaí idir an leabhar agus an script, ach d’éirigh le Miyazaki agus Takahata í a mhealladh chun cead a fháil uaithi chun leanúint ar aghaidh leis an léiriúchán. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Macdonald|2014}} Bhí sé i gceist ar dtús go mbeadh an scannán ina chlár speisialta 60 nóiméad ar fad, ach leathnaíodh é ina scannán lánfhada tar éis do Miyazaki na cláir scéil agus an script a chríochnú. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2006}} Mhothaigh Miyazaki gur léirigh streachailt an phríomhcharachtair, Kiki, mothúcháin chailíní óga sa tSeapáin a bhí ag tnúth le maireachtáil go neamhspleách sna cathracha, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus gur léirigh buanna Kiki buanna fíor-chailíní, in ainneoin a cumhachtaí draíochta. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}}  Mar ullmhúchán don léiriúchán, thaistil Miyazaki agus baill shinsearacha foirne eile go dtí an tSualainn, áit ar ghabh siad ochtó rolla scannáin i [[Stócólm]] agus i Visby, agus ba é Visby an phríomhinspioráid do chathair an scannáin. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Eisíodh ''Kiki's Delivery Service'' don chéad uair ar an 29 Iúil, 1989; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus fuair sé an-mholadh ó na léirmheastóirí, agus bhuaigh sé Grand Prix an Anime.  Le breis is 2.6 milliún ticéad díolta, {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} thuill sé ¥2.15 billiún ag oifig na dticéad {{Sfn|Gaulène|2011}} agus ba é an scannán ba mhó brabús sa tSeapáin i 1989. {{Sfn|Hairston|1998}} Cheadaigh Miyazaki agus Studio Ghibli na haistriúcháin Bhéarla ina dhiaidh sin go pearsanta. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

Ó Mhárta go Bealtaine 1989, foilsíodh manga Miyazaki {{Lang|ja-Latn|[[Hikōtei Jidai]]}} san iris ''Model Graphix'', {{Sfn|Lamar|2010}} bunaithe ar smaoineamh níos luaithe do scannán a shann sé do stiúrthóir níos óige i 1988 ach a theip air mar gheall ar easaontais chruthaitheacha. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Thosaigh Miyazaki ag táirgeadh scannáin eitilte 45 nóiméad ar fad do Japan Airlines bunaithe ar an manga; leathnaigh Suzuki é ina scannán lánfhada, dar teideal ''Porco Rosso'', agus de réir mar a d'fhás na hionchais agus mhéadaigh an buiséad. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} Thosaigh Miyazaki ag obair ar an scannán gan mórán cúnaimh, toisc go raibh a léiriúchán ag i gcomhthráth le ''Only Yesterday'' (1991) le Takahata, a chomhléirigh Miyazaki. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Chuaigh tús Chogaí na hIúgslaive i bhfeidhm ar Miyazaki i 1991, rud a spreag gné níos gruama do ''Phorco Rosso'' ; {{Sfn|Havis|2016}} bhog Cogadh Saoirse na Cróite suíomh an scannáin ó [[Dubrovnic|Dubrovnik]] go [[Muir Aidriad]] . {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} Thráchtalaigh Miyazaki níos déanaí gur scannán &quot;amaideach&quot; a bhí ann, toisc nach raibh a ghnéithe aibí oiriúnach do leanaí, {{Sfn|Sunada|2013}} ag lua gur &quot;dá phléisiúr féin&quot; a rinne sé é mar gheall ar a ghrá d'eitleáin. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

Seachas an Curtiss R3C-2, tá gach eitleán i ''bPorco Rosso'' mar déatnúis úrnua ó shamhlaíocht Miyazaki, bunaithe ar chuimhní a óige. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Tugann an scannán ómós freisin d’obair Fleischer Studios agus Winsor McCay, a raibh mór-thionchar acu ar bheochan Seapánach sna 1940idí. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhí téamaí frithchogaidh sa scannán, agus ar a bhreathnódh Miyazaki orthu aríst níos déanaí. {{Sfn|Blum|2013}} {{Sfn|Akimoto|2014}} Is ionann ainm an phríomhcharachtair, Marco Pagot, agus ainm beochantóra Iodálaigh lena raibh Miyazaki ag obair ar ''Sherlock Hound''. {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Mheas roinnt baill foirne baineann ag Studio Ghibli gur macasamhalú toiliúil d'fhoireann Studio Ghibli a bhí i monarcha Piccolo scannán - a bhí faoi stiúir fir agus an foireann a bhfuil ag obair ann mar mhná - ; shíleadar go raibh meas á léiriú ag Miyazaki ar a n-eitic oibre, cé gur cheap daoine eile gur thug sé le fios go raibh sé níos fusa mná a shaothrú. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} D’fhan Japan Airlines ina phríomhinfheisteoir an scannáin, agus de bharr taispeánadh den chéad uair é mar scannán eitilte, {{Sfn|Havis|2016}} sular eisíodh é i bpictiúrlanna ar 18 Iúil, 1992. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Ba é an chéad scannán le Miyazaki nár bhain barr liosta na léitheoirí bliantúla ''Animage'' amach, rud is cúis le fócas aibí an scannáin. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhí an scannán rathúil ó thaobh tráchtála de, agus ba é an scannán leis an oll-thuilleamh is mó sa tSeapáin an bhliain sin; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} d'fhan sé ar cheann de na scannáin leis an oll-thuilleamh is mó ar feadh roinnt blianta. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

Le linn léiriú ''Porco Rosso'', bhí Miyazaki i gceannas ar an obair ar stiúideo nua Studio Ghibli i Koganei, Tóiceo, ag dearadh na bpleananna, ag roghnú ábhar, agus ag obair le tógálaithe. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} D’oscail an stiúideo i mí Lúnasa 1992, {{Sfn|Matsutani|2008}} agus bhog an fhoireann isteach go gairid i ndiaidh scaoileadh ''Porco Rosso'' ' {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Timpeall an ama seo, thosaigh Miyazaki ag obair ar na himleabhair dheireanacha den manga ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'', a chruthaigh sé go hinmheánach ag Studio Ghibli. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} I mí na Samhna, chraol Nippon Television Network (NTV) dhá mhír teilifíse stiúirithe ag Miyazaki: {{Lang|ja-Latn|Sora Iro no Tane}}, mír 90 soicind atá cóirithe ón scéal maisithe {{Lang|ja-Latn|[[Sora Iro no Tane]]}} le Rieko Nakagawa agus Yuriko Omura; agus ''{{Lang|ja-Latn|Nandarou}}'', sraith de cheithre fhógra cúig soicind ar fad ina bhfuil neach domhínithe. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Chuidigh Miyazaki le coincheap ''Pom Poko'' (1994) le Takahata, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus dhear sé na cláir scéil agus scríobh sé an script do ''Whisper of the Heart'' (1995) le Kondō, agus bhí baint ar leith aige le seichimh fantaisíochta an dara ceann. {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} D'fhéach léirmheastóirí agus lucht leanúna ar Kondō mar &quot; léiroidhre &quot; Studio Ghibli. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}
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Is beochantóir, scannánóir agus [[ealaíontóir manga]] Seapánach é Hayao Miyazaki (宮崎 駿 nó 宮﨑 駿, Miyazaki Hayao, [mijaꜜzaki hajao]; rugadh Eanair 5, 1941).  Comhbhunaigh sé [[Studio Ghibli]] agus tá sé ina cathaoirleach onórach.  Le linn a ghairme, tá clú idirnáisiúnta bainte amach aige mar scéalaí cumasach agus mar chruthaitheoir de scannáin lánfhada de  [[Anime|bheochan Seapánach]], agus síltear go forleathan gur é ceann de na scannánóirí is inniúla i [[History of animation|stair na beochana]].

Rugtha i gCathair Tóiceo, léirigh Miyazaki suim i manga agus sa bheochan ó haois óg. Chuaigh sé i mbun Toei Animation i 1963, ag obair mar ealaíontóir eadraíochta agus eochairbheochantóir ar scannáin ar nós ''Travels Beyond the Moon le Gulliver'' (1965), ''Puss in Boots'' (1969), agus ''Animal Treasure Island'' (1971), sular bhog sé go A-Pro i 1971, áit ar chomhstiúraigh sé ''Lupin the Third Part I'' (1971–1972) in éineacht le Isao Takahata . Tar éis dó bogadh go Zuiyō Eizō ( Nippon Animation níos déanaí) i 1973, d'oibrigh Miyazaki mar bheochantóir ar ''World Masterpiece Theatre'' agus stiúraigh sé an tsraith teilifíse ''Future Boy Conan'' (1978). Chuaigh sé i Tokyo Movie Shinsha i 1979 chun a chéad scannán lánfhada ''The Castle of Cagliostro'' (1979) agus an tsraith teilifíse ''Sherlock Hound'' (1984-1985) a stiúradh. Scríobh agus léirigh sé an manga ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'' (1982–1994) agus stiúraigh sé an cóiriú scannáin 1984 a léirigh Topcraft.

Chomhbhunaigh Miyazaki Studio Ghibli i 1985, ag scríobh agus ag stiúradh scannáin ar nós ''Laputa: Castle in the Sky'' (1986), ''My Neighbour Totoro'' (1988), ''Kiki's Delivery Service'' (1989), agus ''Porco Rosso'' (1992), a bhain ardmholadh ó léirmheastóirí agus rath tráchtála amach sa tSeapáin. Ba é ''Princess Mononoke'' (1997) le Miyazaki an chéad scannán beoite chun an Duais Scannán Acadamh na Seapáine le haghaidh Pictiúr na Bliana a bhuachan agus go gonnta bhí sé ina scannán leis an oll-thuilleamh is mó sa tSeapáin; mhéadaigh a dháileadh san Iarthar tóir agus tionchar Ghibli ar fud an domhain. Bhí ''Spirited Away'' (2001) ina scannán leis an gcomhlán is mó sa tSeapáin agus bhuaigh sé Gradam an Acadaimh don Scannán Lánfhada Bheoite is Fearr; is minic a rangaítear é i measc na scannán is fearr den 21ú haois. Bhain scannáin Miyazaki ina dhiaidh sin  - ''Howl's Moving Castle'' (2004), ''Ponyo'' (2008), agus ''The Wind Rises'' (2013) ardmholadh ó léirmheastóirí agus rath tráchtála amach freisin.  D’éirigh sé as na scannáin lánfhada in 2013 ach thánaig sé ar ais níos déanaí chun ''[[An Buachaill agus an Chorr]]'' (2023) a dhéanamh, a bhuaigh Gradam an Acadaimh don Scannán Lánfhada Bheoite is Fearr.

Is minic a bhíonn saothair Miyazaki faoi réir anailís léannta agus tréithrítear iad ag athfhilleadh na dtéamaí ar nós chaidreamh an chine dhaonna leis [[Dúlra|an dúlra]] agus leis an teicneolaíocht, tábhacht na healaíne agus na ceardaíochta, agus an deacracht a bhaineann le heitic shíochánta a choinneáil i ndomhan foréigneach. Is minic gur cailíní láidre nó mná óga iad a phríomhphearsana, agus cuireann roinnt dá scannáin  céilí comhraic morálta atá débhríoch go mórálta i láthair ina bhfuil tréithe dearfacha acu. Tá ardmholadh agus gradaim faighte ag shaothair Miyazaki; ainmníodh é ina Dhuine le Fiúntais Chultúrtha as ucht cuidithe cultúrtha den scoth i 2012, agus bronnadh Gradam Oinigh an Acadaimh as a thionchar ar bheochan agus ar scannánaíocht i 2014. Luadh Miyazaki go minic mar inspioráid do iliomad beochantóirí, stiúrthóirí agus scríbhneoirí.

== Saol luath ==
Rugadh Hayao Miyazaki ar 5 Eanáir, 1941, i mbaile Akebono-cho i Hongō, Cathair Tóiceo, Impireacht na Seapáine, an dara té de cheathrar mac. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Talbot|2005}} {{Efn|Miyazaki's brothers are Arata (born July 1939), Yutaka (born January 1944), and Shirou (born 1945).{{sfn|Lenburg|2012|p=11}}{{sfn|McCarthy|1999|p=26}} Influenced by their father, Miyazaki's brothers went into business; Miyazaki's son [[Goro Miyazaki|Goro]] believes this gave him a &quot;strong motivation to succeed at animation&quot;.{{sfn|Talbot|2005}}}} Bhí a athair, Katsuji Miyazaki (beirthe 1915), {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} ina stiúrthóir ar Eitleán Miyazaki, comhlacht a dhearthár, {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} a mhonaraigh stiúracha le haghaidh eitleáin troda le linn [[an Dara Cogadh Domhanda]] . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Thug an gnó deis dá theaghlach fanacht saibhir le linn luathshaol Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1988}} Bhain athair Miyazaki taitneamh as pictiúir a cheannach agus iad a léiriú do chuairteoirí, ach seachas sin ba bheag tuiscint ealaíonta aitheanta eile bhí aige. {{Sfn|Talbot|2005}} Bhí sé in Arm Impiriúil na Seapáine thart ar 1940, ach scaoileadh é agus tugadh léacht dó faoi mhídhílseacht tar éis a dhearbhú dá oifigeach ceannais nár mhian leis troid mar gheall ar a bhean chéile agus a leanbh óg. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} De réir Miyazaki, d'inis a athair dó go minic faoin a éachtaí, ag maíomh gur lean sé ag freastal ar chlubanna oíche tar éis dó 70 bliain d'aois a bhaint amach. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Fuair Katsuji Miyazaki bás ar 18 Márta, 1993. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Tar éis a bháis, bhraith Miyazaki gur fhéach sé go minic ar a athair go diúltach agus nach raibh aon rud &quot;ard nó spreagúil&quot; ráite aige riamh. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Bhí aiféala air nach raibh plé dáiríre aige lena athair, agus bhraith sé go raibh a chuid “mothúcháin ainrialaitheacha agus a easpa buartha maidir le glacadh le neamhréitigh contrárthachtaí&quot; faighte aige ó oidhreacht. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}}
[[Íomhá:Hayao_and_Yoshiko_Miyazaki.png|clé|mion|Bhí roinnt charactar ó scannáin Miyazaki spreagtha ón a mháthair Yoshiko.{{Sfn|Han|2020}} {{Sfn|Schley|2023}} ]]
Is ar na cuimhí is luaithe atá ag Miyazaki ná &quot;bombed-out cities&quot;.{{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}}  I 1944, nuair a bhí sé trí bliana d'aois, d'aslonngaigh teaghlach Miayzaki go [[Utsunomiya]] . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} I ndiaidh bhuamáil Utsunomiya in Iúil 1945, d'aslonnaigh é féin agus a theaghlach go Kanuma . {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1988}} D'fhág an bhuamáil imprisean buan ar Miyazaki, a bhí ceithre bliana d'aois ag an am. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1988}} Mar leanbh, d'fhulaing Miyazaki le fadhbanna díleácha, agus dúradh leis nach mairfeadh sé níos faide ná 20 bhliain d'aois, agus fágadh é ag brath mar dhíbeartach ; {{Sfn|Han|2020}} {{Sfn|Arakawa|2019}} shíl sé go raibh sé &quot;clumsy and weak&quot;, agus é á chosaint ag a dheartháir sinsir ar scoil. {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} Ó 1947 go 1955, d'fhulaing máthair Miyazaki, Yoshiko, ón eitinn dhromlaigh ; chaith sí an chéad chúpla bliain san ospidéal sular rinneadh cúram di ón mbaile, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} ag cur iachall ar Miyazaki agus a shiblíní chun glacadh le hobair an tí. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Bhí Yoshiko tíosach, {{Sfn|Talbot|2005}} agus cuireadh síos uirthi mar bhean dhian, éirimiúil a cheistigh &quot;socially accepted norms&quot; go rialta. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Ba mhó a bhí le Miyazaki, agus bhí tionchar láidir aici air agus ar a chuid oibre amach anseo. {{Sfn|Talbot|2005}} Fuair Yoshiko Miyazaki bás i mí Iúil 1983 ag 72 bliana d'aois. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Arakawa|2019}}

Thosaigh Miyazaki ar scoil mar aslonnaí sa bhliain 1947, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} ag bunscoil in Utsunomiya ag críochnú an céad go dtí an tríú ghrád. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} Tar éis a bhog a theaglach ar ais go Suginami-ku i 1950, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} chríochnaigh Miyazaki an ceathrú grád ag Bunscoil Ōmiya, agus an cúigiú grád ag Bunscoil Eifuku, a bhí nua-bhunaithe tar éis di scaradh ó Bunscoil Ōmiya. Tar éis dó céim a bhaint amach ó Eifuku mar chuid den chéad rang céimnithe, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} d'fhreastail sé ar [[:ja:杉並区立大宮中学校|Ardscoil Shóisearach Ōmiya]] . {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Bhí sé ag iarraidh a bheith ina ealaíontóir manga, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} ach fuair sé amach nach bhféadfadh sé daoine a tharraingt; ina ionad sin, tharraing sé eitleáin, tancann, agus longa cogaidh ar feadh roinnt blianta. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhí tionchar ag roinnt ealaíontóirí manga ar Miyazaki, ar nós Tetsuji Fukushima, [[:ja:山川惣治|Soji Yamakawa]] agus Osamu Tezuka . Scrios Miyazaki go leor dá shaothar luath, ag creidiúint go raibh sé mar &quot;bad form&quot; chun stíl Tezuka a chóipeáil mar go raibh sé ag cur bac ar a fhorbairt féin mar ealaíontóir. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Comic Box|1982}} B’fhearr leis ealaíontóirí ar nós Tezuka a fheiceáil mar chomhealaíontóirí seachas mar laoich le onóir a thabhairt dóibh. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Timpeall an ama seo, is minic a bhreathnaigh Miyazaki ar scannáin lena athair, a bhí ina ghnáthóir scannán díograiseach; tá ''Meshi'' (1951) agus ''Tasogare Sakaba (1955)'' i measc na scannán nótáilte do Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}}

Tar éis dó céim a bhaint amach ó hArdscoil Shóisearach Ōmiya, d'fhreastail Miyazaki ar Ardscoil Shinsearach Toyotama. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Le linn a thríú bliaina a bhí mar an bhliain dheireanach, spreag ''Panda and the Magic Serpent'' (1958), {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} an chéad ghné-scannán beoite i ndathanna sa tSeapáin; suim Miyazaki sa bheochan. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} D'éalaigh sé ón a bheith ag staidéar dá  scrúduithe iontrála chun féachaint ar an scannán. {{Sfn|Talbot|2005}} Dúirt Miyazaki ina dhiaidh sin, agus é ag titim i ngrá le banlaoch an scannáin, gur bhog an scannán chun deora é agus a d'fhág rian cuimse air, rud a spreag é chun saothar a chruthú a bhí dílis dá mhothúcháin féin in ionad aithris a dhéanamh ar threochtaí a bhfuil tóir orthu; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} scríobh sé gur chuir &quot;pure, earnest world&quot; an scannáin taobh dó chun chinn a &quot;yearned desperately to affirm the world rather than negate it&quot;. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} Tar éis do céimniú ó Toyotama, d'fhreastail Miyazaki ar Ollscoil Gakusuin i Roinn an Gheilleagair Pholaitiúil, ag díriú ar Theoiric Thionsclaíoch na Seapáine; {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} mheas sé gur droch-mhac léinn a bhí ann toisc gur dhírigh sé ar an ealaín in ionad. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Chuaigh sé le &quot;Children's Literature Research Cuub&quot;, an &quot;closest thing back then to a comics club&quot;; {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} uaireanta ba é an t-aon bhall den chlub é. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Ina chuid ama shaoir, thabharfadh Miyazaki cuairt ar a mhúinteoir ealaíne ón meánscoil agus sceitseáil sé ina stiúideo, áit a n-ólfadh an bheirt agus labhair siad faoi &quot;... politics, life, all sorts of things&quot;. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Timpeall an ama seo, tharraing sé ''manga'' freisin; níor chríochnaigh sé aon scéalta, ach charn sé na mílte leathanach de thús scéalta. Chuaigh sé go minic i streo foilsitheoirí ''manga'' freisin  chun a gcuid scéalta a fháil ar cíos. I 1960, bhí Miyazaki mar fhianaiseach le linn agóidí Anpo, tar éis dó spéis a fhorbairt i ndiaidh dó grianghraifeanna a fheiceáil in ''Asahi Graph'' ; faoin bpointe sin, bhí sé ró-dhéanach chun páirt a ghlacadh sna léirsithe. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Bhain Miyazaki céim amach ó Gakusuin in 1963 le céimeanna san [[eolaíocht pholaitiúil]] agus san eacnamaíocht. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}}
 

== Gairm ==

=== Gairm luath ===
[[Íomhá:Isao_Takahata.jpg|deas|mion|D’oibrigh Miyazaki le hIsao Takahata ''(sa phictiúr)'' don chéad uair sa bhliain 1964, ag  cruthú comhoibrithe agus cairdis ar feadh an tsaoil. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Batkin|2017}} {{Sfn|Mahmood|2018}}]]
I 1963, fostaíodh Miyazaki ag Toei Doga ; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} ba í seo an bhliain dheireanach a d'fhostaigh an chomlacht go rialta. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Glac sé arasán de ceithre go leith ''tatami'' ({{Convert|2.25|tsubo|m2 sqft}} ar cíos i Nerima, Tóiceo, in aice le stiúideo Toei; ba ¥6,000 a bhí air, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus ba ¥19,500 an tuarastal a bhí aige ag Toei. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} D’oibrigh Miyazaki mar ealaíontóir eadraíochta ar na scannáin lánfhada amharclainne ''Doggie March'' (1963) agus ''Gulliver’s Travels Beyond the Moon'' (1965) agus ar an ''anime'' teilifíse ''Wolf Boy Ken'' (1963). {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Mhol sé athruithe do chríoch ''Travels Beyond the Moon le Gulliver'' a ghlac a stiúrthóír leo ; ach ní bhfuair sé aon luath ach moladh a shaothar. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Bhrath Miyazaki nach raibh an ealaín eadraíochta sásúil agus theastaigh uaidh oibriú ar dhearaí níos beomhara. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Bhí sé ina cheannaire in aighneas oibre go luath tar éis dó teacht go Toei, agus rinneadh é ina phríomh-rúnaí ar cheardcumann oibre na comhlachta i 1964; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} bhí Isao Takahata ina leas-chathaoirleach, fear lena foirmeodh Miyazaki comhoibriú agus cairdeas leis ar feadh an tsaoil. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Mahmood|2018}} Timpeall an ama seo, cheistigh Miyazaki a rogha gairme agus chuimhnigh sé ar an tionscal a fhágáil; chorraigh léiriú den ''The Snow Queen'' é i 1964, rud a spreag é chun leanúint ar aghaidh ag obair &quot;with renewed determination&quot;. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}}

I rith léiriú na sraithe anime ''Shōnen Ninja Kaze no Fujimaru'' (1964–1965), d'aithrigh Miyazaki ón ealaín eadraíochta go príomhbheochan, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus d'oibrigh sa ról sin ar dhá eagrán de ''Sally the Witch'' (1966–1968) agus roinnt fiú de ''Hustle Punch'' (1965–1966) agus ''Raintai'' (1965–1966). {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Buartha go n-éireodh deiseanna oibre ar thionscadail chruthaitheacha agus ar scannáin lánfhada gann tar éis méadú ar bheochan teilifíse, d’oibrigh Miyazaki go deonach i 1964 chun obair ar an scannán ''The Great Adventure of Horus, Prince of the Sun'' (1968); {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} ba phríomh-bheochantóir, ealaíontóir coincheapa, agus dearthóir radharcanna é, {{Sfn|Lamarre|2009}} agus tugadh creidiúint dó mar &quot;dearthóir radhairc&quot; chun a ról a léiriú. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Ar an scannán sin, d’oibrigh sé go dlúth lena mheantóir, Yasuo Ōtsuka, ina raibh tionchar mór ag modh oibre Ōtsuka ar shaothar Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Lamarre|2009}} Stiúrtha ag Takahata, moladh an scannán go mór, agus measadh gur obair ríthábhachtach é in éabhlóid na beochana, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Anime News Network|2001}} {{Sfn|Drazen|2002}} cé go raibh toradh díomách aige in oifig na dticéad mar gheall ar a scaoileadh teoranta agus íos-mhargaíocht, {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} i measc na dtorthaí ba mheasa a bhí ag Toei Animation, rud a chuir bagairt airgeadais ar an stiúideo. {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} Bhog Miyazaki chuig áras cónaithe in Higashimurayama tar éis a bhainise i mí Dheireadh Fómhair 1965, {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} go Ōizumigakuenchō tar éis breith a dhara mhac in Aibreán 1969, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} agus go [[Tokorozawa]] i 1970. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}}

Chuir Miyazaki bunbheochan ar fáil do ''The Wonderful World of Puss 'n Boots'' (1969), stiúrtha ag Kimio Yabuki . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Chruthaigh sé sraith manga de 12 chaibidil mar sheachtháirge poiblíochta don scannán; ritheadh an tsraith in eagrán Domhnaigh de ''Tokyo Shimbun'' ó hEanáir go Márta 1969. {{Sfn|Comic Box|1982}} {{Sfn|''Animage''|1983}} Níos déanaí, mhol Miyazaki radhairc sa script scannáin do ''Flying Phantom Ship'' (1969) ina mbeadh tancanna míleata ina gcúis le holl-histéire i gcroílár chathair Tóiceo, agus fostaíodh é chun na radhairc a scéal agus a bheochan. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Thosaigh sé ag bogadh i dtreo léiriúcháin mall-luais ina raibh príomhcharachtair bhaineanna don chuid is mó, {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} sholáthair sé bunbheochan do ''Moomin'' (1969), dhá eagrán de ''Himitsu no Akko-chan'' (1969–1970), {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus eagrán amháin de ''Sarutobi Ecchan'' (1971), agus b'é eagraí agus príomhbheochantóir ''Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves'' (1971). {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Faoin ainm cleite Akitsu Saburō, scríobh agus mhaisigh Miyazaki an [[manga]] ''People of the Desert'', a fhoilsíodh i 26 eagrán idir Meán Fómhair 1969 agus Márta 1970 i ''Boys and Girls Newspaper'' (少年少女新聞, ''Shōnen shōjo shinbun)''  . {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Bhí tionchar ag scéalta maisithe air ar nós ''Evil Lord of the Desert'' (沙漠の魔王, ''Sabaku no maō''). {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Sa bhliain 1971, d'fhorbair Miyazaki struchtúr, carachtair, agus dearaí do chóiriú Hiroshi Ikeda de ''Animal Treasure Island'', {{Sfn|Comic Box|1982}} {{Sfn|''Animage''|1983}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus chuir sé beochan agus forbairt scripte ríthábhachtach ar fáil. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Chruthaigh sé an cóiriú manga de 13 chuid, a fhoilsíodh i ''Tokyo Shimbun'' ó hEanáir go Márta 1971. {{Sfn|Comic Box|1982}} {{Sfn|''Animage''|1983}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

D’fhág Miyazaki Toei Animation i Lúnasa 1971, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} tar éis a d'éirigh sé míshásta leis an easpa deiseanna cruthaitheacha agus neamhspleáchais, agus le hachrainn leis an mbainistíocht maidir le ''The Great Adventure of Horus'' . {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Lean sé Takahata agus Yōichi Kotabe chuig A-Pro, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} inar stiúraigh sé, nó ar chomhstiúraigh sé le Takahata, 17 de na 23 eagrán de ''Lupin the Third Part I'', {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} a bhí beartaithe ar dtús mar thionscadal scannáin. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Ba é seo an chéad scannán stiúrtha ag Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Bhí sé féin agus Takahata fostaithe chun béim a chur ar ghreann na sraithe seachas a fhoréigean. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Chuir an bheirt tús freisin le réamhléiriú ar shraith bunaithe ar leabhair ''Pippi Longstocking'' le hAstrid Lindgren, agus iad ag dearadh scéalchlár faorleathan; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Takahata|Miyazaki|Kotabe|2014}} Thaistil Miyazaki agus uachtarán Tokyo Movie Shinsha, Yutaka Fujioka, chuig an tSualainn chun na cearta a fháil - an chéad turas a rinne Miyazaki lasmuigh den tSeapáin agus b'fhéidir an chéad turas thar lear d'aon bheochantóir Seapánach le haghaidh léiriúcháin {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} - ach cuireadh an tsraith ar ceal tar éis dóibh gan a bheith in ann bualadh le Lindgren, agus diúltaíodh a gcead chun an tionscadal a chríochnú. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Takahata|Miyazaki|Kotabe|2014}} D’fhág an taisteal thar lear tionchar ar Miyazaki; {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} ag baint úsáide as coincheapa, scripteanna, dearadh agus beochan ón tionscadal, {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} scríobh, dhear agus bheoigh sé dhá ''Panda!'' ''Téigh, a Phanda!'' gearrscannáin i 1972 agus 1973, le Takahata mar stiúrthóir agus Ōtsuka mar stiúrthóir beochana. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Spreagadh a rogha de phandaí mar gheall ar an dúil mhór i bpandaí sa tSeapáin ag an am. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}}

Tharraing Miyazaki scéalchláir don chéad eagrán de ''The Gutsy Frog'' i 1971 (cé nár úsáideadh iad), sholáthair sé beochan agus scéalchláir thábhachtacha i gcomhair dhá eagrán d'''Akado Suzunosuke'' i 1972, agus sholáthair sé beochan ríthábhachtach d'eagrán amháin de ''Kōya no Shōnen Isamu'' (faoi stiúir Takahata) agus ''Samurai Giants'' i 1973. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Sa bhliain 1972, stiúraigh sé scannán píolótach cúig nóiméad don tsraith teilifíse ''Yuki's Sun''; níor léiríodh an tsraith riamh, agus thit an clár píolótach i ndoilleireacht sular tháinig sé chun cinn arís mar chuid d'eisiúint Blu-ray de shaothair Miyazaki sa bhliain 2014. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} I mí an Mheithimh 1973, bhog Miyazaki agus Takahata ó A-Pro go Zuiyō Eizō, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} inar oibrigh siad ar ''World Masterpiece Theater'', ina raibh a sraith beochana ''Heidi, Girl of the Alps'', oiriúnú de ''Heidi'' le Johanna Spyri, mar chuid de. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Bhí an fhoireann léiriúcháin ag iarraidh go mbeadh an tsraith ag cur le neartú bheochan teilifíse, {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} agus thaistil Miyazaki go dtí an Eilvéis chun taighde a dhéanamh agus sceitse a dhéanamh mar ullmhúchán. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Roinneadh Zuiyō Eizō ina dhá chomhlacht i mí Iúil 1975; rinneadh Nippon Animation de bhrainse Miyazaki agus Takahata. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} D’oibrigh siad go gonnta ar ''Dog of Flanders'' i 1975 sula ndeachaigh siad ag obair ar an mór-shaothar, ''3000 Leagues in Search of Mother'' (1976), stiúrtha ag Takahata, agus ar a son gur thaistil Miyazaki chuig an Airgintín agus an Iodáil le taighde a dhéanamh. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}}

I 1977, roghnaíodh Miyazaki chun a chéad shraith teilifíse beochana, ''Future Boy Conan,'' a stiúradh; {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} stiúraigh sé 24 de na 26 eagrán, a craoladh sa bhliain 1978. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Ní raibh ach ocht n-eagrán críochnaithe nuair a thosaíodh ag craoladh na sraithe; críochnaíodh gach eagrán laistigh de dheich go ceithre lá déag. {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} Oiriúnú ar ''The Incredible Tide'' le Alexander Key a bhí ann, agus{{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} tá roinnt gnéithe sa tsraith a tháinig chun solais arís i saothar Miyazaki níos déanaí, amhail eitleáin chogaidh, eitleáin agus an timpeallachtachas. Bhí Takahata, Ōtsuka, agus Yoshifumi Kondō, ar a chas Miyazaki agus Takahata ag A-Pro, ag obair ar an tsraith chomh maith. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Spreag ''Eachtraí an Uasail Wonderbird'' le Paul Grimault Miyazaki go físiúil. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Rinne Miyazaki príomhbheochan do thríocha eagrán den tsraith ''World Masterpiece Theater'' ''Rascal the Raccoon'' (1977) agus sholáthair sé dearadh agus eagrú radharcanna ar na chéad chúig eagrán déag de ''Anne of Green Gables'' le Takahata sular fhág sé Nippon Animation i 1979. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}}

=== Scannáin foráis ===
Bhog Miyazaki go Tokyo Movie Shinsha chun a chéad scannán lánfhada anime, ''The Castle of Cagliostro'' (1979), a stiúradh, mír den saincheadúnas ''Lupin III'' . {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhí Ōtsuka tar éis dul chun cainte leis chun an scannán a stiúradh i ndiaidh scaoileadh ''Lupin the 3rd: The Mystery of Mamo'' (1978), agus scríobh Miyazaki an scéal le [[:ja:山崎晴哉|Haruya Yamazaki]] . {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Agus é ag iarraidh a chruthaitheacht féin a ionsá sa saincheadúnas, chuir Miyazaki roinnt gnéithe agus tagairtí isteach ann, é spreagtha ag úrscéalta Arsène Lupin le Maurice Leblanc, ar a bhfuil ''Lupin III'' bunaithe, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} chomh maith le h''Eachtraí an Uasail Wonderbird'' . {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Spreag ''Italian Mountain Cities and the Tiber Estuary'' le Kagoshima Publishing é go físiúil, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} a léiríonn a ghrá don Eoraip. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Mhair an léiriúchán ar feadh ceithre mhí {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} agus eisíodh an scannán ar 15 Nollaig, 1979; ba mhian le Miyazaki go raibh mí eile léiriúcháin aige. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Cuireadh deá-fháilte mhór roimhe; {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} vótáil léitheoirí ''Animage'' é mar an beochan is fearr riamh—d'fhan sé sna deich gcinn is fearr ar feadh níos mó ná cúig bliana déag—agus Clarisse mar an banlaoch is fearr. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} De réir dealraimh, sa bhliain 2005, spreagadh gúna Clarrisse gúna pósta an iar-banphrionsa Sayako Kuroda, ós rud é gur lucht leanúna de chuid Miyazaki agus a chuid oibre í. {{Sfn|Macdonald|2005b}} Bhí roinnt scannánóirí Seapánacha agus Meiriceánacha spreagtha ag an scannán, rud a ghríosaigh ómós dó i saothair eile. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}}

Rinneadh príomh-theagascóir beochana de Miyazaki d’fhostaithe nua ag Telecom Animation Film, fochomhlacht de Tokyo Movie Shinsha. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} agus stiúraigh sé dhá eagrán de ''Lupin the Third Part II'', ina dhiadh sin, faoin ainm cleite Teruki Tsutomu (照樹 務) , ar féidir léamh mar &quot;fostaí Telecom&quot;. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Ina ról ag Telecom, chabhraigh Miyazaki le hoiliúint an dara tonn d'fhostaithe. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Chuir Miyazaki príomhbheochan ar fáil d'eagrán amháin de ''The New Adventures of Gigantor'' (1980–1981), {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} agus stiúraigh sé sé eagrán de ''Sherlock Hound'' i 1981, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} go dtí gur chuir ceisteanna dlíthiúla le [[Arthur Conan Doyle|heastát Arthur Conan Doyle]] stop leis an léiriúchán; {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Bhí Miyazaki gnóthach le tionscadail eile faoin am a réitíodh na ceisteanna, agus stiúraigh Kyôsuke Mikuriya na heagráin a bhí fághta agus craoladh iad ó Shamhain 1984 go Bealtaine 1985. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Ba é seo saothar deireanach teilifíse Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Sa bhliain 1982, thosaigh Miyazaki, Takahata, agus Kondō ag obair ar oiriúnú scannáin de ''Little Nemo'', ach d’fhág Miyazaki agus Takahata tar éis cúpla mí mar gheall ar choimhlintí cruthaitheachta le Fujioka (d’fhan Kondō go dtí 1985); críochnaíodh an scannán sé bliana ina dhiaidh sin mar ''Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland'' (1989). {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Chaith Miyazaki tamall sna Stáit Aontaithe le linn léiriú an scannáin. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}}

Tar éis eisiúint ''The Castle of Cagliostro'', thosaigh Miyazaki ag obair ar a chuid smaointe le haghaidh oiriúnú scannáin bheoite de leabhar grinn Richard Corben, ''Rowlf'', agus chuir sé an smaoineamh i láthair Yutaka Fujioka ag Tokyo Movie Shinsha. I Samhna 1980, dréachtaíodh moladh chun cearta an scannáin a fháil. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Kanō|2006}} Timpeall an ama sin, chuaigh foireann eagarthóireachta ''Animage'' i dteagmháil le Miyazaki le haghaidh sraith d'altanna dá n-iris . Thug na heagarthóirí Toshio Suzuki agus Osamu Kameyama cuid dá smaointe [Miyazaki] chuig máthairchomlachta ''Animage'', Tokuma Shoten, a bhí ag smaoineamh ar  scannáin bheoite a mhaoiniú. Moladh dhá thionscadal: Warring States Demon Castle (戦国魔城, ''Sengoku ma-jō''), le bheith lonnaithe sa [[tréimhse Sengoku]] ; agus oiriúnú ar ''Rowlf'' le Corben. Diúltaíodh don dá cheann, mar ní raibh an chomhlacht sásta maoiniú a thabhairt d’anime nach raibh bunaithe ar manga réamhfhoilsithe agus níor féadfadh cearta ''Rowlf'' a fháil. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2007}} Rinneadh athchúrsáil ar ghnéithe de mholadh Miyazaki do ''Rowlf'' ina shaothair amach anseo. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}}

Gan aon scannáin á dtáirgeadh, d’aontaigh Miyazaki manga a fhorbairt don iris, dar teideal ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'' ; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Saitani|1995}} bhí sé i gceist aige stop a chur leis an manga a dhéanamh nuair a gheobhadh sé obair bheochana; cé gur thóg sé roinnt sosanna le na heisiúintí, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} eisíodh an manga ó Feabhra 1982 go Márta 1994 ar deireadh. {{Sfn|Ryan}} Mar gheall ar sceideal gnóthach agus meon foirfeachta Miyazaki, cuireadh roinnt moilleanna ar fhoilseacháin, agus ar ócáid amháin tharraing sé siar roinnt caibidlí roimh fhoilsiú; shíl sé go raibh a fhoilsiú leanúnach mar ualach ar a chuid oibre eile. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Clúdaíonn scéal, mar atá sé athchlóite san imleabhair {{Lang|ja-Latn|[[tankōbon]]}}, seacht n-imleabhar i gcomhar 1,060 leathanach san iomlán. {{Sfn|Ryan}} Díoladh níos mó ná deich milliún cóip sa chéad dá bhliain. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Tharraing Miyazaki na heagráin go príomha le peann luaidhe, agus clódh é i ndúch séipia-tonaithe monacrómach. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2007}} {{Sfn|Saitani|1995}} Spreag an carachtar ó ''[[An Odaisé|hOdyssey]]'' [[Hóiméar|Homer]] (a d'aimsigh Miyazaki agus é ag léamh ''Dictionary of Grecian Myths'' le Bernard Evslin) agus an scéal béaloidis Seapánach ''The Lady who Loved Insects'', an príomhcharachtar, Nausicaä, go páirteach.  Agus bunaíodh an domhan agus an t-éiceachóras ar léitheoireacht Miyazaki ar scríbhinní eolaíochta, stairiúla agus polaitiúla, amhail ''Origins of Plant Cultivation and Agriculture'' le [[:ja:中尾佐助|Sasuke Nakao]], ''The World of Jomon'' le [[:ja:藤森栄一|Eiichi Fujimori]], agus ''Hitler Moves East'' le Paul Carell . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} Spreag an tsraith ghreannáin ''Arzach'' le Jean Giraud é freisin, lenar chas sé agus é ag obair ar an manga. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} {{Efn|Miyazaki and Giraud became friends,{{sfn|Cotillon|2005}} and [[Monnaie de Paris]] held an exhibition of their work titled {{lang|fr|Miyazaki et Moebius: Deux Artistes Dont Les Dessins Prennent Vie}} (Two Artists's Drawings Taking on a Life of Their Own) from December 2004 to April 2005; both artists attended the opening of the exhibition.{{sfn|Montmayeur|2005}}}}

I 1982, chabhraigh Miyazaki le beochana tábhachtach do shraith [[Zorro]] nár eisíodh, agus don scannán ''Space Adventure Cobra: The Movie'' . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} D’éirigh sé as a phost le Telecom Animation Film i mí na Samhna. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} Timpeall an ama seo, scríobh sé an ''t-úrscéal grafach Turas Shuna'', spreagtha ag an scéal béaloidis Thibéadaigh &quot;An Prionsa a d'éirigh ina mhadra&quot;. D’fhoilsigh Tokuma Shoten an t-úrscéal i mí an Mheithimh 1983, {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1983}} rinneadh leagan drámata de le haghaidh chraoladh raidió i 1987, {{Sfn|Kanō|2006}} agus foilsíodh i mBéarla é mar ''Shuna's Journey'' i 2022. {{Sfn|Mateo|2022}} Foilsíodh ''Daydream Data Notes le Hayao Miyazaki'' go mírialta ó Shamhain 1984 go Deireadh Fómhair 1994 i ''[[:fr:Model Graphix|Model Graphix]]'' ; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} craoladh roghanna de na scéalta ar an raidió i 1995. {{Sfn|Kanō|2006}} Tar éis chríochnú an chéad dá imleabhar de ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'' mhol eagarthóirí ''Animage'' oiriúnú gearrscannáin 15 nóiméad ar fad a dhéanamh. Bhí drogall ar Miyazaki ar dtús, ach d’fhreagair sé go mbeadh beochan uair an chloig ar fad níos oiriúnaí, agus d’aontaigh Tokuma Shoten le scannán lánfhada. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Napier|2018}}

Tosaíodh an léiriúchán ar an 31 Bealtaine 1983, agus cuireadh tús leis an mbeochan i mí Lúnasa; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} soláthraíodh maoiniú trí chomhfhiontar idir Tokuma Shoten agus an ghníomhaireacht fógraíochta Hakuhodo, lenar oibrigh deatháir is óige Miyazaki. Roghnaíodh stiúideo beochana Topcraft mar an teach léiriúcháin. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Chonacthas do Miyazaki nach raibh foireann Topcraft iontaofa, {{Sfn|Napier|2018}} agus thug sé roinnt dá iar-chomhoibrithe isteach, ina measc Takahata, a bhí ina léiritheoir, {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} cé go raibh drogall air é déanamh. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Cuireadh tús leis an réamhléiriú ar an 31 Bealtaine 1983; bhí deacrachtaí ag Miyazaki agus é ag cruthú an script scannáin, agus gan ach sé chaibidil déag den mhanga le hoibriú uathu. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Liostáil Takahata an ceoltóir turgnamhach agus íostach [[Joe Hisaishi]] chun scór an scannáin a chumadh; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} ina dhiaidh sin d'oibrigh sé ar gach ceann de scannáin lánfhada Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}}

Don scannán, spreag nimhiú mearcair Bhá Minamata samhlaíocht Miyazaki agus freagra an nádúir agus conas ar bhláth an dúlra i dtimpeallacht nimhithe, ag baint úsáide as sin chun domhan truaillithe an scannáin a chruthú. {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} {{Sfn|Napier|2018}} Do phríomhról Nausicaä, roghnaigh Miyazaki Sumi Shimamoto, a chuaigh i bhfeidhm go mór air mar Clarisse i ''gCaisleán Cagliostro'' agus Maki i ''Lupin an Tríú Cuid II'' . {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Cruthaíodh ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'' i ndeich mí, {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} agus eisíodh é ar an 11 Márta, 1984. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Shaothraigh sé ¥1.48 billiún ag oifig na dticéad, agus ghnóthaigh sé ¥742 milliún breise in ioncam dáilte. {{Sfn|Kanō|2006}} Is minic a fheictear é mar shaothar ríthábhachtach Miyazaki, rud a dhaingnigh a cháil mar bheochantóir. {{Sfn|Osmond|1998}} Moladh é as an léargas dearfach a thug sé ar mhná, go háirithe Nausicaä. {{Sfn|Moss|2014}} {{Sfn|Nakamura|Matsuo|2002}} {{Sfn|Napier|1998}} Tá roinnt criticeoirí tar éis téamaí ''Nausicaä of Valley of the Wind'' a lipéadú mar téamaí frithchogaidh agus [[Feimineachas|feimineacha]]; áitíonn Miyazaki a mhalairt, ag rá nach bhfuil uaidh ach siamsaíocht a chur ar fáil. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhraith sé go raibh ar Nausicaä a bheith ina bean mar gheall ar an gcumas a bhí aici a chéile comhraic a thuiscint seachas go díreach iad a shárú. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Leag an comhoibriú rathúil ar chruthú an manga agus an scannáin an bhunchloch do thionscadail chomhoibríocha eile. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} I mí Aibreáin 1984, chruthaigh Miyazaki agus Takahata stiúideo chun cóipcheart a gcuid oibre a láimhseáil, agus thug siad Nibariki air (a chiallaíonn &quot;Dé-each-chumhacht&quot;, leasainm an [[Citroen 2CV|Citroën 2CV]], a thiomáin Miyazaki), agus fuarthas oifig dó i mBarda Suginami, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Miyazaki|1996}} {{Sfn|Mishan|2021}} agus Miyazaki ina chomhpháirtí sinsearach. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}}

=== Stiúideo Ghibli ===

==== Scannáin luatha (1985–1995) ====
I ndiaidh rath ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'', {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} bhunaigh Miyazaki agus Takahata {{Efn|Takahata refused to sign the paperwork to found the company, feeling that an artist should not be involved in such business documents. Regardless, he and Miyazaki are considered the studio's founders.{{sfn|Dudok de Wit|2021|p=16}}{{sfn|Denison|2023|p=47}}}}an comhlacht léiriúcháin bheochana Studio Ghibli ar 15 Meitheamh, 1985, mar fhochomhlacht de chuid Tokuma Shoten, {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} {{Efn|According to Suzuki, Studio Ghibli was the successor of the Tokuma Shoten subsidiary company Iraka Planning—creators of ''[[Tempyō no Iraka]]'' (1980)—from which it inherited {{JPY|36&amp;nbsp;million}} in outstanding debts.{{sfn|Denison|2023|p=40}}}} le hoifigí i Kichijōji a dhear Miyazaki. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} D'ainmnigh Miyazaki an stiúideo as an gCaproni Ca.309 {{Sfn|Greenberg|2018}} agus [[wiktionary:ghibli|an focal Iodáilise]] a chiallaíonn &quot;gaoth the a shéideann i bhfásaigh&quot;; {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} bhí an t-ainm cláraithe bliain roimhe sin. {{Sfn|Dudok de Wit|2021}} D’oibrigh Suzuki do Studio Ghibli mar léiritheoir, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus thosaigh sé go lánaimseartha i 1989, {{Sfn|Dudok de Wit|2021}} a fhad is a rinneadh bainisteoir léiriúcháin de Tōru Hara ó Topcraft; {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Mar gheall ar ról Suzuki i gcruthú an stiúideo agus a scannáin, ó ham go chéile tráchtálaítear dó mar chomhbhunaitheoir, {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} agus breathnaítear go minic go raibh tionchar ag Hara ar rath an chomhlachta. {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} Bhí dlúthbhaint ag Yasuyoshi Tokuma, bunaitheoir Tokuma Shoten, le cruthú an chomhlacht freisin, tar éis dó tacaíocht airgeadais a sholáthar. {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} Measadh Topcraft mar chomhpháirtí chun an chéad scannán eile le Miyazaki a léiriú, ach chuaigh an comhlacht as gnó i 1985 de bharr féimheachta. {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} Fostaíodh roinnt ball foirne ina dhiaidh sin ag Studio Ghibli—suas le 70 fostaí lánaimseartha agus 200 fostaí páirtaimseartha i 1985—a d'oibrigh le Miyazaki roimhe sin ag stiúideonna éagsúla, ar nós Telecom, Topcraft, agus Toei Doga, agus cinn eile ar nós Madhouse, Inc. agus Oh! Táirgeadh . {{Sfn|Denison|2023}}

Sa bhliain 1984, thaistil Miyazaki go dtí an Bhreatain Bheag, ag tarraingt sráidbhailte agus pobail mhianadóireachta Rhondda; chonaic sé [[Stailc na mianadóirí sa Ríocht Aontaithe (1984–1985)|stailc na mianadóirí]] agus bhí meas aige ar dhíograis na mianadóirí dá gcuid oibre agus dá bpobal. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Brooks|2005}} Chuir &quot;sárchumhachtaí míleata&quot; [[Impireacht na Róimhe]], a chuir na [[Na Ceiltigh|Ceiltigh]] faoi chois, fearg air agus mhothaigh sé go raibh an crá seo, in éineacht le stailc na mianadóirí, le brath i bpobail na Breataine Bige. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} D’fhill sé i mBealtaine 1985 chun taighde a dhéanamh dá chéad scannán eile, ''Laputa: Castle in the Sky'', an chéad cheann le Studio Ghibli. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Chuir a sceideal géar léiriúcháin brú ar ar Miyazaki oibriú de ló is d'oíche, san áireamh roimh agus tar éis gnáthuaireanta oibre, agus scríobh sé liricí don téama deiridh. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhain Miyazaki úsáid as oileán ar foluain Laputa ó ''Gulliver's Travels'' sa scannán. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Eisíodh ''Laputa'' ar 2 Lúnasa, 1986, ag Comhlacht Toei . {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2009}} Dhíol sé thart ar 775,000 ticéad, {{Sfn|Suzuki|1996}} ag tuilleadh sochair réasúnta airgeadais, {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} cé gur léirigh Miyazaki agus Suzuki a ndíomá leis na figiúirí oifige ticéad de thart ar US$2.5 million . {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Denison|2018}} {{Sfn|Napier|2018}}

Tar éis rath ''Nausicaä'', thug Miyazaki cuairt ar Yanagawa agus smaoinigh sé ar aithris a dhéanamh air i scannán beoite, agus an-spéis curtha aige ina chóras canálacha; in ionad sin, stiúraigh Takahata clár faisnéise beo-aicsean faoin réigiún, ''The Story of Yanagawa's Canals'' (1987). Rinne Miyazaki an scannán a léiriú agus a mhaoiniú, agus chuir sé roinnt sraitheog bheochana ar fáil. {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Mhair a chruthú ceithre bliana, agus mheas Miyazaki gurbh é a fhreagracht shóisialta - i leith shochaí agus scannánaíocht na Seapáine araon - chun é léiriú a chinntiú. {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} Cruthaíodh ''Laputa'' go páirteach chun léiriú an chlár faisnéise a mhaoiniú, ar a shon a ídigh Takahata a chíste. {{Sfn|Denison|2023}} I mí an Mheithimh 1985, eisíodh ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'' sna Stáit Aontaithe mar ''Warriors of the Wind'', le haistrithe suntasacha; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} baineadh beagnach 30 nóiméad de chomhrá agus forbairt carachtar, rud a scrios codanna dá phlota agus dá théamaí. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Dhiúltaigh Miyazaki agus Takahata ina dhiaidh sin smaoineamh ar a scannáin a eisiúint san Iarthar i gcomhair deich mbliana. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

Tháinig an chéad scannán eile de Miyazaki, ''My Neighbor Totoro'', as na smaointe a bhí aige mar pháiste; mhothaigh sé &quot;gur i ''Totoro'' a thosaigh m'fheasacht&quot;. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Níor éirigh le hiarracht ''My Neighbor Totoro'' a chur i láthair do Tokuma Shoten sna 1980idí luath, agus bhí deacracht ag Miyazaki agus é ag iarraidh é a chuir i láthair aríst i 1987. Mhol Suzuki go n-eiseofaí ''Totoro'' mar eagrán dúbailte in éineacht le ''Grave of the Fireflies'' le Takahata; ós rud é go raibh luach stairiúil ag baint leis an dara scannán, atá bunaithe ar an ngearrscéal ó 1967 le Akiyuki Nosaka, mheas Suzuki go dtabharfaí daltaí scoile chun féachaint ar an dá cheann. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Tá téama an chaidrimh idir an thimpeallacht agus an chine daonna le braith i ''Totoro'', rud a léiríonn gurb é síochán mar thoradh at meas a léiriú don thimpeallacht. {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Tagraíonn an scannán do mháthair Miyazaki freisin; tá máthair an pháiste atá ina príomhcharachtar ina coinneáil sa leaba. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Mar a tharla le ''Laputa'', scríobh Miyazaki liricí don téama deiridh ''Totoro''. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhí Miyazaki ag streachailt le script an scannáin go dtí gur léigh sé scéal ''Mainichi Graph'' faoin saoil sa tSeapáin daichead bliain ó shin, agus roghnaigh sé an scannán a lonnú sa tír roimh  fairsingiú Tóiceo agus teacht na teilifíse. Ina dhiaidh sin, bhronn Miyazaki airgead agus saothair ealaíne chun chaomhnú na talún foraoisí i [[Maoracht Saitama]], ina bhfuil an scannán lonnaithe, a mhaoiniú. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

Thosaigh léiriúchán ''My Neighbor Totoro'' i mí Aibreáin 1987 agus mhair sé ar feadh blaina go díreach; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus eisíodh é ar 16 Aibreán, 1988. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Cé gur mhol na léirmheastóirí go mór é, ní raibh ach rath measartha aige ag oifig na dticéad. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Camp|Davis|2007}} Cheadaigh Stiúideo Ghibli cearta marsantaithe sa bhliain 1990, a spreag rath mór tráchtála; bhí brabúis mharsantachta leo féin in ann an stiúideo a chothaigh ar feadh na mblianta. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Tugadh clasaic chultais ar an scannán, {{Sfn|Camp|Davis|2007}} agus bhain sé rath amach sna Stáit Aontaithe tar éis a eisiúna i 1993, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} áit ar dhíol a eisiúint físeáin bhaile beagnach 500,000 cóip. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} Dúirt Akira Kurosawa gur chuaigh an scannán i bhfeidhm air, agus d’ainmnigh sé é i measc a chéad scannán is fearr leis – ceann den mhéid bheag scannán Seapánach a ainmníodh. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Ainmníodh [[astaróideach]] a d'aimsigh Takao Kobayashi i mí na Nollag 1994, ar son an scannáin: 10160 Totoro . {{Sfn|Berton|2020}}

I 1987, fuair Studio Ghibli na cearta chun cóiriú scannáin a chruthú ar úrscéal Eiko Kadono, ''Kiki's Delivery Service'' . Chuir obair Miyazaki ar ''My Neighbor Totoro'' cosc air an cóiriú a stiúradh; bhí sé ina léiritheoir, agus roghnaíodh Sunao Katabuchi mar stiúrthóir agus Nobuyuki Isshiki mar scríbhneoir scripte. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Macdonald|2014}} Threoraigh míshástacht Miyazaki le chéad dréacht Isshiki é chun athrú a dhéanamh ar an tionscadal, agus sa deireadh thóg Miyazaki ról an stiúrthóra. Chuir Kadono a míshástacht in iúl leis na difríochtaí idir an leabhar agus an script, ach d’éirigh le Miyazaki agus Takahata í a mhealladh chun cead a fháil uaithi chun leanúint ar aghaidh leis an léiriúchán. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Macdonald|2014}} Bhí sé i gceist ar dtús go mbeadh an scannán ina chlár speisialta 60 nóiméad ar fad, ach leathnaíodh é ina scannán lánfhada tar éis do Miyazaki na cláir scéil agus an script a chríochnú. {{Sfn|Miyazaki|2006}} Mhothaigh Miyazaki gur léirigh streachailt an phríomhcharachtair, Kiki, mothúcháin chailíní óga sa tSeapáin a bhí ag tnúth le maireachtáil go neamhspleách sna cathracha, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus gur léirigh buanna Kiki buanna fíor-chailíní, in ainneoin a cumhachtaí draíochta. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}}  Mar ullmhúchán don léiriúchán, thaistil Miyazaki agus baill shinsearacha foirne eile go dtí an tSualainn, áit ar ghabh siad ochtó rolla scannáin i [[Stócólm]] agus i Visby, agus ba é Visby an phríomhinspioráid do chathair an scannáin. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Eisíodh ''Kiki's Delivery Service'' don chéad uair ar an 29 Iúil, 1989; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus fuair sé an-mholadh ó na léirmheastóirí, agus bhuaigh sé Grand Prix an Anime.  Le breis is 2.6 milliún ticéad díolta, {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} thuill sé ¥2.15 billiún ag oifig na dticéad {{Sfn|Gaulène|2011}} agus ba é an scannán ba mhó brabús sa tSeapáin i 1989. {{Sfn|Hairston|1998}} Cheadaigh Miyazaki agus Studio Ghibli na haistriúcháin Bhéarla ina dhiaidh sin go pearsanta. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

Ó Mhárta go Bealtaine 1989, foilsíodh manga Miyazaki {{Lang|ja-Latn|[[Hikōtei Jidai]]}} san iris ''Model Graphix'', {{Sfn|Lamar|2010}} bunaithe ar smaoineamh níos luaithe do scannán a shann sé do stiúrthóir níos óige i 1988 ach a theip air mar gheall ar easaontais chruthaitheacha. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Thosaigh Miyazaki ag táirgeadh scannáin eitilte 45 nóiméad ar fad do Japan Airlines bunaithe ar an manga; leathnaigh Suzuki é ina scannán lánfhada, dar teideal ''Porco Rosso'', agus de réir mar a d'fhás na hionchais agus mhéadaigh an buiséad. {{Sfn|Lenburg|2012}} {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} Thosaigh Miyazaki ag obair ar an scannán gan mórán cúnaimh, toisc go raibh a léiriúchán ag i gcomhthráth le ''Only Yesterday'' (1991) le Takahata, a chomhléirigh Miyazaki. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Chuaigh tús Chogaí na hIúgslaive i bhfeidhm ar Miyazaki i 1991, rud a spreag gné níos gruama do ''Phorco Rosso'' ; {{Sfn|Havis|2016}} bhog Cogadh Saoirse na Cróite suíomh an scannáin ó [[Dubrovnic|Dubrovnik]] go [[Muir Aidriad]] . {{Sfn|Berton|2020}} Thráchtalaigh Miyazaki níos déanaí gur scannán &quot;amaideach&quot; a bhí ann, toisc nach raibh a ghnéithe aibí oiriúnach do leanaí, {{Sfn|Sunada|2013}} ag lua gur &quot;dá phléisiúr féin&quot; a rinne sé é mar gheall ar a ghrá d'eitleáin. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

Seachas an Curtiss R3C-2, tá gach eitleán i ''bPorco Rosso'' mar déatnúis úrnua ó shamhlaíocht Miyazaki, bunaithe ar chuimhní a óige. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Tugann an scannán ómós freisin d’obair Fleischer Studios agus Winsor McCay, a raibh mór-thionchar acu ar bheochan Seapánach sna 1940idí. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhí téamaí frithchogaidh sa scannán, agus ar a bhreathnódh Miyazaki orthu aríst níos déanaí. {{Sfn|Blum|2013}} {{Sfn|Akimoto|2014}} Is ionann ainm an phríomhcharachtair, Marco Pagot, agus ainm beochantóra Iodálaigh lena raibh Miyazaki ag obair ar ''Sherlock Hound''. {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Mheas roinnt baill foirne baineann ag Studio Ghibli gur macasamhalú toiliúil d'fhoireann Studio Ghibli a bhí i monarcha Piccolo scannán - a bhí faoi stiúir fir agus an foireann a bhfuil ag obair ann mar mhná - ; shíleadar go raibh meas á léiriú ag Miyazaki ar a n-eitic oibre, cé gur cheap daoine eile gur thug sé le fios go raibh sé níos fusa mná a shaothrú. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} D’fhan Japan Airlines ina phríomhinfheisteoir an scannáin, agus de bharr taispeánadh den chéad uair é mar scannán eitilte, {{Sfn|Havis|2016}} sular eisíodh é i bpictiúrlanna ar 18 Iúil, 1992. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Ba é an chéad scannán le Miyazaki nár bhain barr liosta na léitheoirí bliantúla ''Animage'' amach, rud is cúis le fócas aibí an scannáin. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Bhí an scannán rathúil ó thaobh tráchtála de, agus ba é an scannán leis an oll-thuilleamh is mó sa tSeapáin an bhliain sin; {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} d'fhan sé ar cheann de na scannáin leis an oll-thuilleamh is mó ar feadh roinnt blianta. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}

Le linn léiriú ''Porco Rosso'', bhí Miyazaki i gceannas ar an obair ar stiúideo nua Studio Ghibli i Koganei, Tóiceo, ag dearadh na bpleananna, ag roghnú ábhar, agus ag obair le tógálaithe. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} D’oscail an stiúideo i mí Lúnasa 1992, {{Sfn|Matsutani|2008}} agus bhog an fhoireann isteach go gairid i ndiaidh scaoileadh ''Porco Rosso'' ' {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} Timpeall an ama seo, thosaigh Miyazaki ag obair ar na himleabhair dheireanacha den manga ''Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind'', a chruthaigh sé go hinmheánach ag Studio Ghibli. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} I mí na Samhna, chraol Nippon Television Network (NTV) dhá mhír teilifíse stiúirithe ag Miyazaki: {{Lang|ja-Latn|Sora Iro no Tane}}, mír 90 soicind atá cóirithe ón scéal maisithe {{Lang|ja-Latn|[[Sora Iro no Tane]]}} le Rieko Nakagawa agus Yuriko Omura; agus ''{{Lang|ja-Latn|Nandarou}}'', sraith de cheithre fhógra cúig soicind ar fad ina bhfuil neach domhínithe. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} Chuidigh Miyazaki le coincheap ''Pom Poko'' (1994) le Takahata, {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}} agus dhear sé na cláir scéil agus scríobh sé an script do ''Whisper of the Heart'' (1995) le Kondō, agus bhí baint ar leith aige le seichimh fantaisíochta an dara ceann. {{Sfn|Odell|Le Blanc|2009}} D'fhéach léirmheastóirí agus lucht leanúna ar Kondō mar &quot; léiroidhre &quot; Studio Ghibli. {{Sfn|McCarthy|1999}}
{{Reflist|19em}}{{Reflist|19em}}{{Reflist|19em}}{{Reflist|19em}} {{Reflist|19em}}{{Reflist|19em}} 
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1941]]
[[Catagóir:Ailt le téacs sa Fhraincis]]
[[Catagóir:Ailt le téacs sa tSeapáinis]]
[[Catagóir:Leathanaigh le haistriúcháin neamh-mheasúnaithe]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>An Loch Bán, Contae Mhuineacháin</title>
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      <comment>Cruthaithe ó enwiki</comment>
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      <text bytes="1932" sha1="jpgc0a8sf91tom9cxn1cm1f8hydnwk4" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

&lt;ref name=EPA/&gt;

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' An Loch Bán'''&lt;ref name=StranoodenGWS /&gt; suite i g[[Contae Mhuineacháin]] i n-[[abhantrach]] [[An Éirne|Na hÉirne]].  Is foinse uisce é don  Scéim Uisce Sraith Nuadáin.&lt;ref name=StranoodenGWS /&gt;

== Tíreolaíocht ==
Tá an Loch Bán {{convert|2.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad thiar–thoir agus {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|5|km|0|abbr=on}} siar ó dheas de {{h|Béal Átha Beithe}}.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

== Stair an dúlra ==
I measc na n-iasc san Loch Bán, tá [[péirse]], [[róiste]], [[liús]], [[cúramán]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=StranoodenGWS&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = About Stranooden Group Water Scheme | url = https://www.stranoodengws.ie/index.php/our-history | foilsitheoir = Stranooden Group Water Scheme | dátarochtana = 12a Márta 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=19 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 13 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/White_report_2012.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of White Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = August 2012 | dátarochtana = 21d Feabhra 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Loch Bán, An}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Mhuineacháin]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1933" sha1="msdm1wmvv4lw1y89dk2wsccjx44m7kj" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

&lt;ref name=EPA/&gt;

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' An Loch Bán'''&lt;ref name=StranoodenGWS /&gt; suite i g[[Contae Mhuineacháin]] i ndobharcheantar na hÉirne.  Úsáidtear an loch mar fhoinse uisce amh do Ghrúpscéim Uisce Shraith Nuadáin chomh maith.&lt;ref name=StranoodenGWS /&gt;

== Tíreolaíocht ==
Soir siar, tá an Loch Bán dhá chiliméadar go leith ar fad agus leathchiliméadar ar leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is cúig chiliméadar siar ó dheas de {{h|Béal Átha Beithe}}.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

== Stair an dúlra ==
I measc na n-iasc san Loch Bán, tá [[péirse]], [[róiste]], [[liús]], [[cúramán]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=StranoodenGWS&gt;{{lua idirlín | teideal = About Stranooden Group Water Scheme | url = https://www.stranoodengws.ie/index.php/our-history | foilsitheoir = Stranooden Group Water Scheme | dátarochtana = 12a Márta 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=19 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 13 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/White_report_2012.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of White Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = August 2012 | dátarochtana = 21d Feabhra 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Loch Bán, An}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Mhuineacháin]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Loch Breaclaigh</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>120117</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1272774</id>
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        <username>Ériugena</username>
        <id>188</id>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1068151417|Brackley Lough]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1148" sha1="prc6rg73yh6h9gi2gf530lmf9enqzk3" xml:space="preserve">'''Is loch suite i gContae an Chabháin, Éire é Loch Breaclaigh nó Loch Breacléibhe, a fhaightear siar ón N87. Sníonn sé isteach san Abhainn Dubh,''' i [[Contae an Chabháin|gContae an Chabháin]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballyconnell.htm|title=Fishing in Ireland. An angler's guide to the best fishing in Ireland.|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fiadhúlra ==
Is iascach [[liús]], [[Róiste|'''róiste''']] agus [[Bran (iasc)|bréan]] éLoch Breaclaigh. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.activeirishangling.com/course-angling-features/cavan/9-uncategorised/314-come-to-bawnboy.html|title=Come to Bawnboy - Active Irish Angling|author=Dave|publisher=|access-date=2016-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094540/http://www.activeirishangling.com/course-angling-features/cavan/9-uncategorised/314-come-to-bawnboy.html|archive-date=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann|Liosta lochanna in Éirinn]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chabháin]]
[[Catagóir:Comhordanáidí ar Wikidata]]
[[Catagóir:Ailt le téacs sa Ghaeilge]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1272775</id>
      <parentid>1272774</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-05T17:35:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ériugena</username>
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      <text bytes="1154" sha1="f77osa9kk63bx618ntmauygc71lqhjj" xml:space="preserve">Is loch suite i '''gContae an Chabháin, Éire é Loch Breaclaigh nó''' Loch Breacléibhe''',''' a fhaightear siar ón N87. Sníonn sé isteach san Abhainn Dubh, i [[Contae an Chabháin|gContae an Chabháin]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballyconnell.htm|title=Fishing in Ireland. An angler's guide to the best fishing in Ireland.|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fiadhúlra ==
Is iascach [[liús]], [[Róiste|'''róiste''']] agus [[Bran (iasc)|bréan]] éLoch Breaclaigh. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.activeirishangling.com/course-angling-features/cavan/9-uncategorised/314-come-to-bawnboy.html|title=Come to Bawnboy - Active Irish Angling|author=Dave|publisher=|access-date=2016-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094540/http://www.activeirishangling.com/course-angling-features/cavan/9-uncategorised/314-come-to-bawnboy.html|archive-date=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann|Liosta lochanna in Éirinn]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chabháin]]
[[Catagóir:Comhordanáidí ar Wikidata]]
[[Catagóir:Ailt le téacs sa Ghaeilge]]</text>
      <sha1>f77osa9kk63bx618ntmauygc71lqhjj</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>1272776</id>
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      <timestamp>2025-07-05T17:38:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ériugena</username>
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      <text bytes="1222" sha1="kfnfb25cjbf4mioh5zv53kabmrl78t9" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}
Is loch suite i g[[Contae an Chabháin|Contae an Chabhái]]n, [[Éire]] é '''Loch Breaclaigh''' nó ''' Loch Breacléibhe''', a fhaightear siar ón N87. Sníonn sé isteach san Abhainn Dubh, i [[Contae an Chabháin|gContae an Chabháin]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballyconnell.htm|title=Fishing in Ireland. An angler's guide to the best fishing in Ireland.|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fiadhúlra ==
Is iascach [[liús]], [[Róiste|'''róiste''']] agus [[Bran (iasc)|bréan]] éLoch Breaclaigh. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.activeirishangling.com/course-angling-features/cavan/9-uncategorised/314-come-to-bawnboy.html|title=Come to Bawnboy - Active Irish Angling|author=Dave|publisher=|access-date=2016-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094540/http://www.activeirishangling.com/course-angling-features/cavan/9-uncategorised/314-come-to-bawnboy.html|archive-date=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann|Liosta lochanna in Éirinn]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chabháin]]
[[Catagóir:Comhordanáidí ar Wikidata]]
[[Catagóir:Ailt le téacs sa Ghaeilge]]</text>
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      <minor />
      <comment>/* Féach freisin */</comment>
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Is loch suite i g[[Contae an Chabháin|Contae an Chabhái]]n, [[Éire]] é '''Loch Breaclaigh''' nó ''' Loch Breacléibhe''', a fhaightear siar ón N87. Sníonn sé isteach san Abhainn Dubh, i [[Contae an Chabháin|gContae an Chabháin]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballyconnell.htm|title=Fishing in Ireland. An angler's guide to the best fishing in Ireland.|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fiadhúlra ==
Is iascach [[liús]], [[Róiste|'''róiste''']] agus [[Bran (iasc)|bréan]] éLoch Breaclaigh. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=http://www.activeirishangling.com/course-angling-features/cavan/9-uncategorised/314-come-to-bawnboy.html|title=Come to Bawnboy - Active Irish Angling|author=Dave|publisher=|access-date=2016-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094540/http://www.activeirishangling.com/course-angling-features/cavan/9-uncategorised/314-come-to-bawnboy.html|archive-date=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chabháin]]
[[Catagóir:Comhordanáidí ar Wikidata]]
[[Catagóir:Ailt le téacs sa Ghaeilge]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Loch an Urláir</title>
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      <text bytes="2305" sha1="r4ajnjf2c3vjt3w2klikkq9s4d82285" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é '''Loch an Urláir'''&lt;ref name=EPA/&gt; suite i g[[Contae Mhaigh Eo]], ar ceann desna Lochanna an Urláir.

== Tíreolaíocht ==
Tá Loch an Urláir {{convert|3|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|10|km|1|abbr=on}} ó thuaidh de {{h|Béal Átha hAmhnais}} gar de [[Loch na nÓg]] agus [[Loch Rua]], na Lochanna an Urláir éis.

== Hidreolaíocht ==
Is foinse Abhainn na Loinge é Loch an Urláir, a shreabhann féin i [[Loch Uí Ghadhra]] isteach.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

== Stair an dúlra ==
I measc na n-iasc i Loch an Urláir, tá [[péirse]], [[róiste]], [[liús]], [[garmachán]] deich gclipe agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

I measc na n-éan ag an loch, tá [[lacha bhadánach]], [[Aythya ferina|lacha mhásach]], [[praslacha]], [[mallard]], [[eala ghlórach]], [[rualacha]] agus [[crotach]]. 

Tá an loch lastigh den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Lochanna an Urláir.&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=19 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 13 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Urlaur_report_2013.pdf | teideal = Sampling Fish for the Water Framework Directive: Urlaur Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = Iúil 2013 | dátarochtana = 3ú Eanáir 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=NPWS&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY001571.pdf | teideal = Urlaur Lakes SAC | foilsitheoir = [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)]] | dátarochtana = 3ú Eanáir 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Urláir, Loch an}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Mhaigh Eo]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kristi Noem</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1298840977|Kristi Noem]]&quot;</comment>
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Is polaiteoir Meiriceánach í '''Kristi Lynn Arnold Noem''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/16702246|title=Kristi Lynn Arnold Noem, State of South Dakota: Profile and Biography|work=[[Bloomberg News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; (née '''Arnold''' ; rugadh 30 Samhain, 1971) atá ins rúnaí slándála intíre sna Stáit Aontaithe . Mar bhall den [[Páirtí Poblachtach (Stáit Aontaithe)|Pháirtí Poblachtach]], rinne sí seirbhís ó 2019 go 2025 mar an 33ú gobharnóir ar Dakota Theas agus ó 2011 go 2019 rinne sí ionadaíocht ar cheantar comhdhála Dakota Theas i [[Teach na nIonadaithe, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|dTeach Ionadaithe na Stát Aontaithe]] .


Кристи Линн Арнольд Ноэм (англ. Kristi Lynn Arnold Noem; род. 30 ноября 1971 г., Уотертаун, Южная Дакота) — американский политик-республиканец, занимающая с 2025 года пост 8-го министра внутренней безопасности США.
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1971]]</text>
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      <text bytes="783" sha1="9hltgvouygiergqbhm5r70hxs6bsj4f" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Duine}}
Is polaiteoir Meiriceánach í '''Kristi Lynn Arnold Noem''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web-en|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/16702246|title=Kristi Lynn Arnold Noem, State of South Dakota: Profile and Biography|work=[[Bloomberg News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; (née '''Arnold''' ; rugadh 30 Samhain, 1971) atá ina rúnaí slándála intíre sna Stáit Aontaithe . Mar bhall den [[Páirtí Poblachtach (Stáit Aontaithe)|Pháirtí Poblachtach]], rinne sí seirbhís ó 2019 go 2025 mar an 33ú gobharnóir ar Dakota Theas agus ó 2011 go 2019 rinne sí ionadaíocht ar cheantar comhdhála Dakota Theas i [[Teach na nIonadaithe, Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|dTeach Ionadaithe na Stát Aontaithe]] .


==Tagairtí==
[[Catagóir:Daoine beo]]
[[Catagóir:Daoine a rugadh i 1971]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Loch Sceithí Uachtair</title>
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      <comment>Cruthaithe ó enwiki</comment>
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      <text bytes="1674" sha1="rrfvpytsx71jjhkuv05011wytk1tp9n" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é '' ''' Loch Sceithí Uachtair'''&lt;ref name=EPA/&gt; suite i g[[Contae an Chabháin]] i n-[[abhantrach]] [[An Bhóinn|Na Bóinne]].

== Tíreolaíocht ==
Tá Loch Sceithí Uachtair {{convert|2|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad thuaidh–theas agus {{convert|0.5|km|1|abbr=on}} leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|7|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó thuaidh de {{h|Coill an Chollaigh}}.

== Stair an dúlra ==
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Sceithí Uachtair, tá [[róiste]], [[Peter]], [[bran (iasc)|bran]], [[liús]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil. Is soláthar uisce poiblí é an loch freisin.&lt;ref name=IFI /&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=19 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 13 | publisher = [[Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Skeagh-Upper_report1.pdf | teideal = Water Framework Directive Fish Stock Survey of Upper Lough Skeagh | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = October 2011 | dartraighe = 19ú Feabhra 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sceithí Uachtair, Loch}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chabháin]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lough Skean</title>
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      <comment>Cruthaithe ó enwiki (síol)</comment>
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      <text bytes="1230" sha1="dusfu504rfc3a427tjidh8t0piyfp7j" xml:space="preserve">{{teideal iodálach}}
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''''' Lough Skean'''''&lt;ref name=EPA/&gt; suite go formhór i g[[Contae Ros Comáin]] le cuid bheag i g[[Contae Shligigh]].

== Tíreolaíocht ==
Tá '' Lough Skean '' {{convert|2|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|15|km|1|abbr=on}} siar ó {{h|Droim Seanbhó}} agus gar den tsráidbhaile {{h|Béal Átha Fearnáin}}.

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=19 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 13 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Skean, Lough}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Ros Comáin]]
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Shligigh]]

{{síol-tír-ie}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Loch Chluain na Cloiche</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
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        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
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      <comment>Cruthaithe ó enwiki</comment>
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      <text bytes="2626" sha1="f8ppav1obfx558pybkmtc3xbc29j53e" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Chluain na Cloiche'''&lt;ref name=logainm/&gt;&lt;ref name=EPA/&gt; suite i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Shligigh}}, ar chúrsa na [[Abhainn Mhór, Contae Shligigh|hAbhann Móire]].

== Tíreolaíocht ==
Tá Loch Chluain na Cloiche {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|30|km|0}} ó dheas de {{h|Sligeach}} agus {{convert|7|km|1|abbr=on}} laistiar de [[Baile an Mhóta (Sligeach)|Bhaile an Mhóta]].

== Stair an dúlra ==
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Chluain na Cloiche, tá [[liús]].&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt; 

Caitheann roinnt speicis lachan an geimhreadh ar an loch, san áireamh [[praslacha]], [[rualacha]], [[mallard]], [[lacha bhadánach]] agus [[órshúileach]].  Tá ann fosta [[lapaire|lapairí]], ina measc [[pilibín]], [[crotach]] agus [[gé bhánéadanach]].  Agus i measc éan eile, tá [[eala bhalbh]] agus [[foitheach mór]].&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

Tá an loch lastigh den Templehouse [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Theach an Teampla agus Loch Chluain na Cloiche, mar ghnáthóg uisce crua.&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/112024.aspx | teideal = Loch Chluain na Cloiche | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 5ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=16 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 10 | publisher = [[Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/northwest/ballymote.htm | title = The Great Pike Waters of Ireland | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 25 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=NPWS&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000636.pdf | title = Templehouse and Cloonacleigha Loughs SAC | publisher = [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)]] | access-date = 25 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cluain na Cloiche, Loch}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Shligigh]]</text>
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Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Chluain na Cloiche'''&lt;ref name=logainm/&gt;&lt;ref name=EPA/&gt; suite i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Shligigh}}, ar chúrsa na [[Abhainn Mhór, Contae Shligigh|hAbhann Móire]].

== Tíreolaíocht ==
Tá Loch Chluain na Cloiche {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|30|km|0}} ó dheas de {{h|Sligeach}} agus {{convert|7|km|1|abbr=on}} laistiar de [[Baile an Mhóta (Sligeach)|Bhaile an Mhóta]].

== Stair an dúlra ==
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Chluain na Cloiche, tá [[liús]].&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt; 

Caitheann roinnt speicis lachan an geimhreadh ar an loch, san áireamh [[praslacha]], [[rualacha]], [[mallard]], [[lacha bhadánach]] agus [[órshúileach]].  Tá ann fosta [[lapaire|lapairí]], ina measc [[pilibín]], [[crotach]] agus [[gé bhánéadanach]].  Agus i measc éan eile, tá [[eala bhalbh]] agus [[foitheach mór]].&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

Tá an loch lastigh den Templehouse [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Theach an Teampla agus Loch Chluain na Cloiche, mar ghnáthóg uisce crua.&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/112024.aspx | teideal = Loch Chluain na Cloiche | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 5ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=16 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 10 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/northwest/ballymote.htm | title = The Great Pike Waters of Ireland | publisher = Inland Fisheries Ireland | access-date = 25 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=NPWS&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000636.pdf | title = Templehouse and Cloonacleigha Loughs SAC | publisher = [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)]] | access-date = 25 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cluain na Cloiche, Loch}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Shligigh]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
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      <comment>/* Tagairtí */Tagairtí</comment>
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Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Chluain na Cloiche'''&lt;ref name=logainm/&gt;&lt;ref name=EPA/&gt; suite i ndeisceart {{h|Contae Shligigh}}, ar chúrsa na [[Abhainn Mhór, Contae Shligigh|hAbhann Móire]].

== Tíreolaíocht ==
Tá Loch Chluain na Cloiche {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} ar fad agus {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} ar leithead.  Tá sé tuairim is {{convert|30|km|0}} ó dheas de {{h|Sligeach}} agus {{convert|7|km|1|abbr=on}} laistiar de [[Baile an Mhóta (Sligeach)|Bhaile an Mhóta]].

== Stair an dúlra ==
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Chluain na Cloiche, tá [[liús]].&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt; 

Caitheann roinnt speicis lachan an geimhreadh ar an loch, san áireamh [[praslacha]], [[rualacha]], [[mallard]], [[lacha bhadánach]] agus [[órshúileach]].  Tá ann fosta [[lapaire|lapairí]], ina measc [[pilibín]], [[crotach]] agus [[gé bhánéadanach]].  Agus i measc éan eile, tá [[eala bhalbh]] agus [[foitheach mór]].&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

Tá an loch lastigh den Templehouse [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Theach an Teampla agus Loch Chluain na Cloiche, mar ghnáthóg uisce crua.&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/112024.aspx | teideal = Loch Chluain na Cloiche | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 5ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{cite report | last1 = Free | first1 = Gary | last2 = Little | first2 = Ruth | last3 = Tierney | first3 = Deirdre | last4 = Donnelly | first4 = Karol | last5 = Caroni | first5 = Rossana | name-list-style = amp | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=16 | title = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | date = 2006 | pages = 10 | publisher = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | access-date = 11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/northwest/ballymote.htm | teideal = The Great Pike Waters of Ireland | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dátarochtana = 25ú Eanáir 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=NPWS&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.npws.ie/sites/default/files/protected-sites/synopsis/SY000636.pdf | teideal = Templehouse and Cloonacleigha Loughs SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | dátarochtana = 25ú Eanáir 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cluain na Cloiche, Loch}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Shligigh]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Aibítir Vithkuqi</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1288981193|Vithkuqi alphabet]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="14247" sha1="cn463d18gq4oh6r4w7lsw6obg60dwol" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.25em;
    background:lightblue;&quot; |Vithkuqi
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;script-vithkuqi&quot; style=&quot;font-family: 'Noto Serif Vithkuqi', 'Noto Sans Vithkuqi'&quot;&gt;𐖑𐖥𐖶𐖨𐖷𐖰𐖥&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Everson2&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFEverson2020&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;264&quot;&gt;[[Michael Everson|Everson, Michael]] (2020-12-07). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;266&quot;&gt;[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20187r2-n5138r2-vithkuqi.pdf &quot;Proposal for encoding the Vithkuqi script in the SMP of the UCS&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;267&quot;&gt;L2/20-187R2&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;268&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-02-19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |'''Cineál'''
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em&quot;&gt;Aibítir&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |'''Treo téacs'''
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Clé go Dheas&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;penicon autoconfirmed-show&quot;&gt;[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3301993?uselang=en#P1406|frameless|10x10px|Edit this on Wikidata]]&lt;/span&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddd&quot; |ISO 15924
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |[[:en:ISO_15924|ISO 15924]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;monospaced&quot;&gt;Vith&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;monospaced&quot;&gt;(228)&lt;/span&gt;,&amp;#x20;&amp;#x200B;Vithkuqi
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddd&quot; |[[:en:Unicode|Unicode]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;'''Eapainmneach'''&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Vithkuqi
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;[[:en:Unicode_range|'''Raon Unicode''']]&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U10570.pdf U+10570&amp;#x2013;U+105BF]
|}
Is [[Aibítir|aibítreach]] don [[An Albáinis|teanga Albáinis]] í an '''aibítir Vithkuqi''', freisin a dtugtar '''Büthakukye''' nó '''Beitha Kukju''' i ndiaidh an ainm a thug an t-Albaneolaí Gearmánach Johann Georg von Hahn uirthi, a raibh cruthaíodh ag na scoláire [[Albánaigh (grúpa eitneach)|Albánach]] Naum Veqilharxhi idir 1825 agus 1845 le haigh an [[An Albáinis|teanga Albáinis]] a scríobh. 

== Cur síos ==
Bhí an t-aibítir Vithkuqi chuma go sonrach le bheith chomh neodrach agus ab fhéidir ó thaobh reiligiúin de, ag seachaint dúbláil carachtair a bheith i Gréigise, Laidine nó Araibis. Bhí comhfhreagras beagnach foirfe idir litreacha agus fóinéimí ann, ach ní raibh carachtair ann do &quot;gj&quot;, &quot;rr&quot;, &quot;xh&quot;, agus &quot;zh&quot; cosúil le hAlbáine nua-aimseartha. Freisin, bhí dhá charachtar le haigh &quot;b&quot; agus &quot;h&quot; nua-aimseartha - tá na carachtair nach bhfuil chomh coitianta i ngach péire traschritrithe mar &quot;bb&quot; agus &quot;hh&quot; thíos. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ceannlitir
!Litreacha Beaga
![[An Albáinis|Albáinis]] Nua-Aimseartha
!IPA
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_A.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_A.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_A.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_A.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|a
|{{IPA|/a/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_BBE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_BBE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_BBE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_BBE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|bb
|{{IPA|/b/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_BE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_BE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_BE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_BE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|b
|{{IPA|/b/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_CE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_CE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_CE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_CE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|c
|{{IPA|/t͡s/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_CHE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_CHE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_CHE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_CHE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|ç
|{{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_DE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_DE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_DE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_DE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|d
|{{IPA|/d/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_DHE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_DHE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_DHE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_DHE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|dh
|{{IPA|/ð/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_EI.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_EI.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_EI.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_EI.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|e
|{{IPA|/ɛ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_E.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_E.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_E.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_E.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|ë
|{{IPA|/ə/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_FE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_FE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_FE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_FE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|f
|{{IPA|/f/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_GA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_GA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_GA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_GA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|g
|{{IPA|/ɡ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_HA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_HA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_HA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_HA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|h
|{{IPA|/h/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_HHA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_HHA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_HHA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_HHA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|hh
|{{IPA|/h/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_I.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_I.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_I.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_I.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|i
|{{IPA|/i/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_IJE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_IJE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_IJE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_IJE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|ie
|{{IPA|/iɛ̯/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_JE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_JE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_JE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_JE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|j
|{{IPA|/j/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_KA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_KA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_KA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_KA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|k
|{{IPA|/k/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_LA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_LA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_LA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_LA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|l
|{{IPA|/l/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_LLA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_LLA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_LLA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_LLA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|ll
|{{IPA|/ɫ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_ME.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_ME.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_ME.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_ME.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|m
|{{IPA|/m/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_NE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_NE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_NE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_NE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|n
|{{IPA|/n/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_NJE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_NJE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_NJE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_NJE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|nj
|{{IPA|/ɲ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_O.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_O.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_O.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_O.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|o
|{{IPA|/ɔ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_PE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_PE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_PE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_PE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|p
|{{IPA|/p/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_QA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_QA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_QA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_QA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|q
|{{IPA|/c͡ç/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_RE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_RE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_RE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_RE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|r
|{{IPA|/ɹ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_SE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_SE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_SE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_SE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|s
|{{IPA|/s/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_SHE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_SHE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_SHE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_SHE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|sh
|{{IPA|/ʃ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_TE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_TE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_TE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_TE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|t
|{{IPA|/t/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_THE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_THE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_THE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_THE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|th
|{{IPA|/θ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_U.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_U.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_U.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_U.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|u
|{{IPA|/u/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_VE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_VE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_VE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_VE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|v
|{{IPA|/v/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_XE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_XE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_XE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_XE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|x
|{{IPA|/d͡z/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_Y.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_Y.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_Y.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_Y.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|y
|{{IPA|/y/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_ZE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_ZE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_ZE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_ZE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|z
|{{IPA|/z/}}
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[[Catagóir:Aibítrí]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1272819</id>
      <parentid>1272818</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-05T21:46:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LzerLive</username>
        <id>66246</id>
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|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |'''Cineál'''
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em&quot;&gt;Aibítir&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |'''Treo téacs'''
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Clé go Dheas&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;penicon autoconfirmed-show&quot;&gt;[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3301993?uselang=en#P1406|frameless|10x10px|Edit this on Wikidata]]&lt;/span&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddd&quot; |ISO 15924
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |[[:en:ISO_15924|ISO 15924]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;monospaced&quot;&gt;Vith&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;monospaced&quot;&gt;(228)&lt;/span&gt;,&amp;#x20;&amp;#x200B;Vithkuqi
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddd&quot; |[[:en:Unicode|Unicode]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;'''Eapainmneach'''&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Vithkuqi
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;[[:en:Unicode_range|'''Raon Unicode''']]&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U10570.pdf U+10570&amp;#x2013;U+105BF]
|}
Is [[Aibítir|aibítreach]] don [[An Albáinis|teanga Albáinis]] í an '''aibítir Vithkuqi''', freisin a dtugtar '''Büthakukye''' nó '''Beitha Kukju''' i ndiaidh an ainm a thug an t-Albaneolaí Gearmánach Johann Georg von Hahn uirthi, a raibh cruthaíodh ag na scoláire [[Albánaigh (grúpa eitneach)|Albánach]] Naum Veqilharxhi idir 1825 agus 1845 le haigh an [[An Albáinis|teanga Albáinis]] a scríobh. 

== Cur síos ==
Bhí an t-aibítir Vithkuqi chuma go sonrach le bheith chomh neodrach agus ab fhéidir ó thaobh reiligiúin de, ag seachaint dúbláil carachtair a bheith i Gréigise, Laidine nó Araibis. Bhí comhfhreagras beagnach foirfe idir litreacha agus fóinéimí ann, ach ní raibh carachtair ann do &quot;gj&quot;, &quot;rr&quot;, &quot;xh&quot;, agus &quot;zh&quot; cosúil le hAlbáine nua-aimseartha. Freisin, bhí dhá charachtar le haigh &quot;b&quot; agus &quot;h&quot; nua-aimseartha - tá na carachtair nach bhfuil chomh coitianta i ngach péire traschritrithe mar &quot;bb&quot; agus &quot;hh&quot; thíos. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ceannlitir
!Litreacha Beaga
![[An Albáinis|Albáinis]] Nua-Aimseartha
!IPA
|-
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|a
|{{IPA|/a/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_BBE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_BBE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
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|bb
|{{IPA|/b/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_BE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_BE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_BE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_BE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|b
|{{IPA|/b/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_CE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_CE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_CE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_CE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|c
|{{IPA|/t͡s/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_CHE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_CHE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_CHE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_CHE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|ç
|{{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_DE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_DE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_DE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_DE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|d
|{{IPA|/d/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_DHE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_DHE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_DHE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_DHE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|dh
|{{IPA|/ð/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_EI.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_EI.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_EI.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_EI.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|e
|{{IPA|/ɛ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_E.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_E.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_E.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_E.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|ë
|{{IPA|/ə/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_FE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_FE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_FE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_FE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|f
|{{IPA|/f/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_GA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_GA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_GA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_GA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|g
|{{IPA|/ɡ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_HA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_HA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_HA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_HA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|h
|{{IPA|/h/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_HHA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_HHA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_HHA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_HHA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|hh
|{{IPA|/h/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_I.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_I.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_I.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_I.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|i
|{{IPA|/i/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_IJE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_IJE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_IJE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_IJE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|ie
|{{IPA|/iɛ̯/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_JE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_JE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_JE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_JE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|j
|{{IPA|/j/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_KA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_KA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_KA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_KA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|k
|{{IPA|/k/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_LA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_LA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_LA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_LA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|l
|{{IPA|/l/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_LLA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_LLA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_LLA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_LLA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|ll
|{{IPA|/ɫ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_ME.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_ME.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_ME.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_ME.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|m
|{{IPA|/m/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_NE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_NE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_NE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_NE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|n
|{{IPA|/n/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_NJE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_NJE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_NJE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_NJE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|nj
|{{IPA|/ɲ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_O.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_O.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_O.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_O.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|o
|{{IPA|/ɔ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_PE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_PE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_PE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_PE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|p
|{{IPA|/p/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_QA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_QA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_QA.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_QA.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|q
|{{IPA|/c͡ç/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_RE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_RE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_RE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_RE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|r
|{{IPA|/ɹ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_SE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_SE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_SE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_SE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|s
|{{IPA|/s/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_SHE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_SHE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_SHE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_SHE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|sh
|{{IPA|/ʃ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_TE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_TE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_TE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_TE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|t
|{{IPA|/t/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_THE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_THE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_THE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_THE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|th
|{{IPA|/θ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_U.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_U.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_U.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_U.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|u
|{{IPA|/u/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_VE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_VE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_VE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_VE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|v
|{{IPA|/v/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_XE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_XE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_XE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_XE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|x
|{{IPA|/d͡z/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_Y.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_Y.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_Y.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_Y.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|y
|{{IPA|/y/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_ZE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_CAPITAL_LETTER_ZE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_ZE.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VITHKUQI_SMALL_LETTER_ZE.svg|class=skin-invert-image|frameless]]
|z
|{{IPA|/z/}}
|}
[[Catagóir:Aibítrí]]</text>
      <sha1>nvjqdarvt30mu7461jcgf49bwsv4rcm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1272820</id>
      <parentid>1272819</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-05T21:54:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LzerLive</username>
        <id>66246</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1272820</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9298" sha1="brxoco81398bi0ow9vmeq5ob3ipneux" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |'''Cineál'''
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em&quot;&gt;Aibítir&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |'''Treo téacs'''
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Clé go Dheas&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;penicon autoconfirmed-show&quot;&gt;[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3301993?uselang=en#P1406|frameless|10x10px|Edit this on Wikidata]]&lt;/span&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddd&quot; |ISO 15924
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |[[:en:ISO_15924|ISO 15924]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;monospaced&quot;&gt;Vith&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;monospaced&quot;&gt;(228)&lt;/span&gt;,&amp;#x20;&amp;#x200B;Vithkuqi
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddd&quot; |[[:en:Unicode|Unicode]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;'''Eapainmneach'''&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Vithkuqi
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;[[:en:Unicode_range|'''Raon Unicode''']]&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U10570.pdf U+10570&amp;#x2013;U+105BF]
|}
Is [[Aibítir|aibítreach]] don [[An Albáinis|teanga Albáinis]] í an '''aibítir Vithkuqi''', freisin a dtugtar '''Büthakukye''' nó '''Beitha Kukju''' i ndiaidh an ainm a thug an t-Albaneolaí Gearmánach Johann Georg von Hahn uirthi, a raibh cruthaíodh ag na scoláire [[Albánaigh (grúpa eitneach)|Albánach]] Naum Veqilharxhi idir 1825 agus 1845 le haigh an [[An Albáinis|teanga Albáinis]] a scríobh. 

== Cur síos ==
Bhí an t-aibítir Vithkuqi chuma go sonrach le bheith chomh neodrach agus ab fhéidir ó thaobh reiligiúin de, ag seachaint dúbláil carachtair a bheith i Gréigise, Laidine nó Araibis. Bhí comhfhreagras beagnach foirfe idir litreacha agus fóinéimí ann, ach ní raibh carachtair ann do &quot;gj&quot;, &quot;rr&quot;, &quot;xh&quot;, agus &quot;zh&quot; cosúil le hAlbáine nua-aimseartha. Freisin, bhí dhá charachtar le haigh &quot;b&quot; agus &quot;h&quot; nua-aimseartha - tá na carachtair nach bhfuil chomh coitianta i ngach péire traschritrithe mar &quot;bb&quot; agus &quot;hh&quot; thíos. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Capital letter
! Small letter
! Modern Albanian
! IPA
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER A.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER A.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|a
|{{IPA|/a/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER BBE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER BBE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|bb
|{{IPA|/b/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER BE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER BE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|b
|{{IPA|/b/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER CE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER CE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|c
|{{IPA|/t͡s/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER CHE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER CHE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|ç
|{{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER DE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER DE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|d
|{{IPA|/d/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER DHE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER DHE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|dh
|{{IPA|/ð/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER EI.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER EI.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|e
|{{IPA|/ɛ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER E.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER E.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|ë
|{{IPA|/ə/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER FE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER FE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|f
|{{IPA|/f/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER GA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER GA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|g
|{{IPA|/ɡ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER HA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER HA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|h
|{{IPA|/h/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER HHA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER HHA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|hh
|{{IPA|/h/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER I.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER I.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|i
|{{IPA|/i/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER IJE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER IJE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|ie
|{{IPA|/iɛ̯/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER JE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER JE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|j
|{{IPA|/j/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER KA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER KA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|k
|{{IPA|/k/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER LA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER LA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|l
|{{IPA|/l/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER LLA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER LLA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|ll
|{{IPA|/ɫ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER ME.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER ME.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|m
|{{IPA|/m/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER NE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER NE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|n
|{{IPA|/n/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER NJE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER NJE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|nj
|{{IPA|/ɲ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER O.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER O.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|o
|{{IPA|/ɔ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER PE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER PE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|p
|{{IPA|/p/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER QA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER QA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|q
|{{IPA|/c͡ç/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER RE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER RE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|r
|{{IPA|/ɹ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER SE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER SE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|s
|{{IPA|/s/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER SHE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER SHE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|sh
|{{IPA|/ʃ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER TE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER TE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|t
|{{IPA|/t/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER THE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER THE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|th
|{{IPA|/θ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER U.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER U.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|u
|{{IPA|/u/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER VE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER VE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|v
|{{IPA|/v/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER XE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER XE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|x
|{{IPA|/d͡z/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER Y.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER Y.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|y
|{{IPA|/y/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER ZE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER ZE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|z
|{{IPA|/z/}}
|}
[[Catagóir:Aibítrí]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2025-07-05T22:43:59Z</timestamp>
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        <id>66246</id>
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      <text bytes="9301" sha1="ebtog7h8arctait0hg361darke21tqv" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |'''Cineál'''
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em&quot;&gt;Aibítir&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |'''Treo téacs'''
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Clé go Dheas&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;penicon autoconfirmed-show&quot;&gt;[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3301993?uselang=en#P1406|frameless|10x10px|Edit this on Wikidata]]&lt;/span&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddd&quot; |ISO 15924
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |[[:en:ISO_15924|ISO 15924]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;monospaced&quot;&gt;Vith&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;monospaced&quot;&gt;(228)&lt;/span&gt;,&amp;#x20;&amp;#x200B;Vithkuqi
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddd&quot; |[[:en:Unicode|Unicode]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;'''Eapainmneach'''&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Vithkuqi
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;[[:en:Unicode_range|'''Raon Unicode''']]&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U10570.pdf U+10570&amp;#x2013;U+105BF]
|}
Is [[Aibítir|aibítreach]] don [[An Albáinis|teanga Albáinis]] í an '''aibítir Vithkuqi''', freisin a dtugtar '''Büthakukye''' nó '''Beitha Kukju''' i ndiaidh an ainm a thug an t-Albaneolaí Gearmánach Johann Georg von Hahn uirthi, a raibh cruthaíodh ag na scoláire [[Albánaigh (grúpa eitneach)|Albánach]] Naum Veqilharxhi idir 1825 agus 1845 le haghaidh an [[An Albáinis|teanga Albáinis]] a scríobh. 

== Cur síos ==
Bhí an t-aibítir Vithkuqi chuma go sonrach le bheith chomh neodrach agus ab fhéidir ó thaobh reiligiúin de, ag seachaint dúbláil carachtair a bheith i Gréigise, Laidine nó Araibis. Bhí comhfhreagras beagnach foirfe idir litreacha agus fóinéimí ann, ach ní raibh carachtair ann do &quot;gj&quot;, &quot;rr&quot;, &quot;xh&quot;, agus &quot;zh&quot; cosúil le hAlbáine nua-aimseartha. Freisin, bhí dhá charachtar le haigh &quot;b&quot; agus &quot;h&quot; nua-aimseartha - tá na carachtair nach bhfuil chomh coitianta i ngach péire traschritrithe mar &quot;bb&quot; agus &quot;hh&quot; thíos. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Capital letter
! Small letter
! Modern Albanian
! IPA
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER A.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER A.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|a
|{{IPA|/a/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER BBE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER BBE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|bb
|{{IPA|/b/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER BE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER BE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|b
|{{IPA|/b/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER CE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER CE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|c
|{{IPA|/t͡s/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER CHE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER CHE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|ç
|{{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER DE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER DE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|d
|{{IPA|/d/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER DHE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER DHE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|dh
|{{IPA|/ð/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER EI.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER EI.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|e
|{{IPA|/ɛ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER E.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER E.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|ë
|{{IPA|/ə/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER FE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER FE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|f
|{{IPA|/f/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER GA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER GA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|g
|{{IPA|/ɡ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER HA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER HA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|h
|{{IPA|/h/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER HHA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER HHA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|hh
|{{IPA|/h/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER I.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER I.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|i
|{{IPA|/i/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER IJE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER IJE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|ie
|{{IPA|/iɛ̯/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER JE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER JE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|j
|{{IPA|/j/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER KA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER KA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|k
|{{IPA|/k/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER LA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER LA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|l
|{{IPA|/l/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER LLA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER LLA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|ll
|{{IPA|/ɫ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER ME.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER ME.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|m
|{{IPA|/m/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER NE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER NE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|n
|{{IPA|/n/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER NJE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER NJE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|nj
|{{IPA|/ɲ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER O.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER O.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|o
|{{IPA|/ɔ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER PE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER PE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|p
|{{IPA|/p/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER QA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER QA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|q
|{{IPA|/c͡ç/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER RE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER RE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|r
|{{IPA|/ɹ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER SE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER SE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|s
|{{IPA|/s/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER SHE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER SHE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|sh
|{{IPA|/ʃ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER TE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER TE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|t
|{{IPA|/t/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER THE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER THE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|th
|{{IPA|/θ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER U.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER U.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|u
|{{IPA|/u/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER VE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER VE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|v
|{{IPA|/v/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER XE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER XE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|x
|{{IPA|/d͡z/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER Y.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER Y.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|y
|{{IPA|/y/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER ZE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER ZE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|z
|{{IPA|/z/}}
|}
[[Catagóir:Aibítrí]]</text>
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      <text bytes="9321" sha1="acq80r90y2tzbzxrtdg9tfvvffomjf2" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |'''Cineál'''
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em&quot;&gt;Aibítir&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |'''Treo téacs'''
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Clé go Dheas&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;penicon autoconfirmed-show&quot;&gt;[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3301993?uselang=en#P1406|frameless|10x10px|Edit this on Wikidata]]&lt;/span&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddd&quot; |ISO 15924
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |[[:en:ISO_15924|ISO 15924]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;monospaced&quot;&gt;Vith&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;monospaced&quot;&gt;(228)&lt;/span&gt;,&amp;#x20;&amp;#x200B;Vithkuqi
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background:#ddd&quot; |[[:en:Unicode|Unicode]]
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;'''Eapainmneach'''&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Vithkuqi
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; style=&quot;padding-right:0.6em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;[[:en:Unicode_range|'''Raon Unicode''']]&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U10570.pdf U+10570&amp;#x2013;U+105BF]
|}
Is [[Aibítir|aibítreach]] don [[An Albáinis|teanga Albáinis]] í an '''aibítir Vithkuqi''', freisin a dtugtar '''Büthakukye''' nó '''Beitha Kukju''' i ndiaidh an ainm a thug an t-Albaneolaí Gearmánach Johann Georg von Hahn uirthi, a raibh cruthaíodh ag na scoláire [[Albánaigh (grúpa eitneach)|Albánach]] Naum Veqilharxhi idir 1825 agus 1845 le haghaidh an [[An Albáinis|teanga Albáinis]] a scríobh. 

== Cur síos ==
Bhí an t-aibítir Vithkuqi chuma go sonrach le bheith chomh neodrach agus ab fhéidir ó thaobh reiligiúin de, ag seachaint dúbláil carachtair a bheith i Gréigise, Laidine nó Araibis. Bhí comhfhreagras beagnach foirfe idir litreacha agus fóinéimí ann, ach ní raibh carachtair ann do &quot;gj&quot;, &quot;rr&quot;, &quot;xh&quot;, agus &quot;zh&quot; cosúil le hAlbáine nua-aimseartha. Freisin, bhí dhá charachtar le haigh &quot;b&quot; agus &quot;h&quot; nua-aimseartha - tá na carachtair nach bhfuil chomh coitianta i ngach péire traschritrithe mar &quot;bb&quot; agus &quot;hh&quot; thíos. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Ceannlitir
! Litir beag
! [[An Albáinis|Albáinis]] nua-aimseartha
! IPA
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER A.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER A.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|a
|{{IPA|/a/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER BBE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER BBE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|bb
|{{IPA|/b/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER BE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER BE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|b
|{{IPA|/b/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER CE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER CE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|c
|{{IPA|/t͡s/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER CHE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER CHE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|ç
|{{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER DE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER DE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|d
|{{IPA|/d/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER DHE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER DHE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|dh
|{{IPA|/ð/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER EI.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER EI.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|e
|{{IPA|/ɛ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER E.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER E.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|ë
|{{IPA|/ə/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER FE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER FE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|f
|{{IPA|/f/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER GA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER GA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|g
|{{IPA|/ɡ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER HA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER HA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|h
|{{IPA|/h/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER HHA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER HHA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|hh
|{{IPA|/h/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER I.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER I.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|i
|{{IPA|/i/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER IJE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER IJE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|ie
|{{IPA|/iɛ̯/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER JE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER JE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|j
|{{IPA|/j/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER KA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER KA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|k
|{{IPA|/k/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER LA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER LA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|l
|{{IPA|/l/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER LLA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER LLA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|ll
|{{IPA|/ɫ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER ME.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER ME.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|m
|{{IPA|/m/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER NE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER NE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|n
|{{IPA|/n/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER NJE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER NJE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|nj
|{{IPA|/ɲ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER O.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER O.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|o
|{{IPA|/ɔ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER PE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER PE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|p
|{{IPA|/p/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER QA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER QA.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|q
|{{IPA|/c͡ç/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER RE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER RE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|r
|{{IPA|/ɹ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER SE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER SE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|s
|{{IPA|/s/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER SHE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER SHE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|sh
|{{IPA|/ʃ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER TE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER TE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|t
|{{IPA|/t/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER THE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER THE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|th
|{{IPA|/θ/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER U.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER U.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|u
|{{IPA|/u/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER VE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER VE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|v
|{{IPA|/v/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER XE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER XE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|x
|{{IPA|/d͡z/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER Y.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER Y.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|y
|{{IPA|/y/}}
|-
|[[File:VITHKUQI CAPITAL LETTER ZE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|[[File:VITHKUQI SMALL LETTER ZE.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert-image|upright=0.15]]
|z
|{{IPA|/z/}}
|}
[[Catagóir:Aibítrí]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Aibítir Todhri</title>
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      <text bytes="1783" sha1="28lgsper6xin8ocuds1z0a2f9n5odyb" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Sonraí Córais Scríbhneoireachta|unicode=U+105C0&amp;ndash;U+105FF&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U105C0.pdf U+105C0&amp;ndash;U+105FF]&lt;/ref&gt;|Nom=Aibítir Todhri|Tipus=Aibítir|Període=18ú Aois|direccio_text=Clé go Dheas|Llengües=Albáinis}}
[[Íomhá:Todhri-alphabet.jpg|mion| Aibítir Theodhor Haxhifilipi mar a thaispeántar sa &quot;Albanesische Studien ó Johann Georg von Hahn sa bhliain 1854 . Bhí an aibítir gearradh i gcló ag an gearrthóir punch Ostarach Alois Auer chomh luath le 1851.]]
Is [[Aibítir|aibítreach]] ó lár an 18ú haois don [[An Albáinis|teanga Albáinis]] '''í an''' t-'''aibítir Todhri''' a chum ó Theodhor Haxhifilipi chun an [[An Albáinis|Albáinis]] a scríobh, freisin a dtugtar Dhaskal Todhri. &lt;ref name=&quot;Pollo1983&quot;&gt;{{Cite book-en|author=Stefanaq Pollo|title=Historia e Shqipërisë: Vitet 30 të shek. XIX-1912|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4i4AAAAIAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Historisë}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Stair ==
Is córas casta scríbhneoireachta é de 52 charachtar a nach úsáideadh go minic le haghaidh cumarsáide scríofa timpeall air [[Elbasan]] ó dheireadh an ochtú haois déag ar aghaidh. Is é an téacs dátaithe is luaithe in aibítir Todhri ná ''Radhua Hesapesh'' ( [[Leabharchoimeád|láleabhar]] ) ó chomhpháirtíocht trádála áitiúil ar a dtugtar Jakov Popa i Vogël agus Shokët (Jakov Popa Junior agus Cairde). Tosaíonn an scríbhneoireacht in aibítir Todhri ar an 10ú Lúnasa 1795 agus leanann siad ar aghaidh go dtí 1797. Aimsíodh téacs níos sine fós, scríofa in aibítir Todhri, le déanaí i leabhar nótaí sa cathair Elbasan, dar dáta an 1ú Eanáir 1780.  
[[Catagóir:Aibítrí]]
[[Catagóir:Ailt le téacs san Albáinis]]</text>
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[[Íomhá:Todhri-alphabet.jpg|mion| Aibítir Theodhor Haxhifilipi mar a thaispeántar sa &quot;Albanesische Studien ó Johann Georg von Hahn sa bhliain 1854 . Bhí an aibítir gearradh i gcló ag an gearrthóir punch Ostarach Alois Auer chomh luath le 1851.]]
Is [[Aibítir|aibítreach]] ó lár an 18ú haois don [[An Albáinis|teanga Albáinis]] '''í an''' t-'''aibítir Todhri''' a chum ó Theodhor Haxhifilipi chun an [[An Albáinis|Albáinis]] a scríobh, freisin a dtugtar Dhaskal Todhri. &lt;ref name=&quot;Pollo1983&quot;&gt;{{Cite book-en|author=Stefanaq Pollo|title=Historia e Shqipërisë: Vitet 30 të shek. XIX-1912|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4i4AAAAIAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Historisë}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Stair ==
Is córas casta scríbhneoireachta é de 52 charachtar a nach úsáideadh go minic le haghaidh cumarsáide scríofa timpeall air [[Elbasan]] ó dheireadh an ochtú haois déag ar aghaidh. Is é an téacs dátaithe is luaithe in aibítir Todhri ná ''Radhua Hesapesh'' ( [[Leabharchoimeád|láleabhar]] ) ó chomhpháirtíocht trádála áitiúil ar a dtugtar Jakov Popa i Vogël agus Shokët (Jakov Popa Junior agus Cairde). Tosaíonn an scríbhneoireacht in aibítir Todhri ar an 10ú Lúnasa 1795 agus leanann siad ar aghaidh go dtí 1797. Aimsíodh téacs níos sine fós, scríofa in aibítir Todhri, le déanaí i leabhar nótaí sa cathair Elbasan, dar dáta an 1ú Eanáir 1780.  

== Tagairtí ==
[[Catagóir:Aibítrí]]
[[Catagóir:Ailt le téacs san Albáinis]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Aibítir Vellara</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1292265154|Vellara alphabet]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Íomhá:Vellara's_correspondence_in_original_Albanian_alphabet,_1801.jpg|mion| Litie ó Ioannis Vilaras, san Albáinis, leis an aibítir bhunaidh. Síniú ag Vilaras, Vokopolje, Berat, 1801 &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Petriti|first=Stelina|date=2019|title=История на албанската азбука и правопис|url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/chapter-detail?id=817513|journal=Национални филологически четения за студенти и докторанти &amp;quot;Благоевград 2019'|language=English|pages=215–226}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Is ceann de na haibítrí Albáineacha bunaidh é an t-'''aibítir Vellara''', d'aimsigh air le haighaidh chéad uair ag tús an 19ú haois. Ainmníodh é i ndiaidh an dochtúra, an liriceora agus an scríbhneora [[Gréagaigh (grúpa eitneach)|Gréagaigh]] Ioannis Vilaras (Jan Vellarai san Albáinis), &lt;ref name=&quot;SF&quot;&gt;{{Cite book-en|title=Studime Filologjike|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9vo9AQAAIAAJ|year=1964|publisher=[[Akademia e Shkencave e RPSSH]], Instituti i Gjuhesise dhe i Letersise|issue=1|quote=Në lidhje me këtë, E. Legrandi i shkruen revistës, se Dr. Vellara, asht njeri i njoftun dhe nuk asht shqiptar. Emni i tij i vërtetë asht Joannis Vellara...}}&lt;/ref&gt; údar lámhscríbhinne ina bhfuil an aibítir seo doiciméadaithe den chéad uair agus an t-aon uair go dtí seo.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|author=Elsie|first=Robert|date=1991|title=Albanian literature in Greek script. The eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Orthodox tradition in Albanian writing|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/byzantine-and-modern-greek-studies/article/abs/albanian-literature-in-greek-script-the-eighteenth-and-early-nineteenthcentury-orthodox-tradition-in-albanian-writing/C90E7DF5234E71E0D0E69CEB722A730D|journal=Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies|language=en|volume=15|pages=20–35|doi=10.1179/byz.1991.15.1.20|issn=0307-0131}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Íomhá:Vellara-alphabet.jpg|mion| Litreacha aibítir Vellara le luachanna comhfhreagracha ó aibítir Laidineach na hAlbáine.]]

== An aibítir ==
Tá 30 litir san aibítir. Tá sé cosúil leis an [[Aibítir Laidineach|script Laidine]], agus níl sé go leor cosúil leis an [[Aibítir Ghréagach|cheann Gréigise]], le roinnt carachtair speisialta do fhuaimeanna sonracha na hAlbáine. Tá &quot; c &quot; agus &quot; x &quot; san aibítir Albáinis clúdaithe ag litir amháin (&quot;ní raibh &quot;x&quot; riamh aimsigh i scríbhinní Vellara). Léirítear &quot; ë &quot; an lae inniu le &quot;e&quot;, agus &quot; [[e]] &quot; le &quot; é &quot;. Níl aon litreacha ann do dhéghraif an lae inniu &quot; ll &quot;, &quot; rr &quot;, &quot; zh &quot;, agus &quot; y &quot;. Ina áit sin, cuirtear &quot; u &quot; nó &quot; i &quot; in ionad &quot;y&quot;. Léirítear &quot; nj &quot; an lae inniu le litir [[Aibítir Choireallach|Choireallach]] . 

== Tagairtí ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Catagóir:Aibítrí]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>An tAcht Mór Álainn, 2025</title>
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        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
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      <comment>Leathanach cruthaithe le '  {{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}  [[Íomhá:Great Seal of the United States (obverse).svg|mion|Séala Mór na Stát Aontaithe]] Ar [[17 Lúnasa]] [[2022]], chuir [[Donald Trump]],̟ [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe]] ag an am, a lámh leis '''An tAcht Mór Álainn, 2025'''   === Cúlra ===  === Bearta === Faoin reachtaíocht seo, cuirfear $XXX billiún ar fáil mar mhaoiniú chun XXX a neartú agus XXX a laghdú.  * Spreagann an tAcht   * Cuireann an tAcht pionós ar...'</comment>
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}

[[Íomhá:Great Seal of the United States (obverse).svg|mion|Séala Mór na Stát Aontaithe]]
Ar [[17 Lúnasa]] [[2022]], chuir [[Donald Trump]],̟ [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe]] ag an am, a lámh leis '''An tAcht Mór Álainn, 2025'''  
=== Cúlra ===

=== Bearta ===
Faoin reachtaíocht seo, cuirfear $XXX billiún ar fáil mar mhaoiniú chun XXX a neartú agus XXX a laghdú.

* Spreagann an tAcht  
* Cuireann an tAcht pionós ar chomhlachtaí  
* Cuirfear maoiniú riachtanach ar fáil chun  

=== Spriocanna ===
 .

=== Conspóídí ===
Cháin na polaiteoirí is forásaí nó is liobrálaí sa [[Comhdháil na Stát Aontaithe|Chomhdháil]] an bille seo t 

== Féach freisin ==

* [[An tAcht Laghdaithe Boilsciú (acht aeráide na S-A), 2022]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Acht Laghdaithe Boilsciú, An t}}
[[Catagóir:Dlí reachtúil]]
[[Catagóir:2025]]
[[Catagóir:Polaitíocht na Stát Aontaithe]]


[[Catagóir:Dara téarma Donald Trump]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <parentid>1272827</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-05T23:03:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[Acht Mór Álainn]] go [[An tAcht Mór Álainn, 2025]]</comment>
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}

[[Íomhá:Great Seal of the United States (obverse).svg|mion|Séala Mór na Stát Aontaithe]]
Ar [[17 Lúnasa]] [[2022]], chuir [[Donald Trump]],̟ [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe]] ag an am, a lámh leis '''An tAcht Mór Álainn, 2025'''  
=== Cúlra ===

=== Bearta ===
Faoin reachtaíocht seo, cuirfear $XXX billiún ar fáil mar mhaoiniú chun XXX a neartú agus XXX a laghdú.

* Spreagann an tAcht  
* Cuireann an tAcht pionós ar chomhlachtaí  
* Cuirfear maoiniú riachtanach ar fáil chun  

=== Spriocanna ===
 .

=== Conspóídí ===
Cháin na polaiteoirí is forásaí nó is liobrálaí sa [[Comhdháil na Stát Aontaithe|Chomhdháil]] an bille seo t 

== Féach freisin ==

* [[An tAcht Laghdaithe Boilsciú (acht aeráide na S-A), 2022]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Acht Laghdaithe Boilsciú, An t}}
[[Catagóir:Dlí reachtúil]]
[[Catagóir:2025]]
[[Catagóir:Polaitíocht na Stát Aontaithe]]


[[Catagóir:Dara téarma Donald Trump]]</text>
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        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}

[[Íomhá:Great Seal of the United States (obverse).svg|mion|Séala Mór na Stát Aontaithe]]
Ar [[17 Lúnasa]] [[2022]], chuir [[Donald Trump]],̟ [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe]] ag an am, a lámh leis '''An tAcht Mór Álainn, 2025.'''&lt;ref&gt;i mBéarla, &quot;One Big Beautiful Bill Act&quot; (OBBB|)  nó go hoifigiúil, The Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of House Con. Res. 14&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/schumer-forces-name-change-big-beautiful-bill-moments-before-passes|teideal=Schumer forces name change for 'big, beautiful bill' moments before it passes|údar=Danielle Wallace|dáta=2025-07-01|language=en-US|work=Fox News|dátarochtana=2025-07-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

=== Cúlra ===

=== Bearta ===
Faoin reachtaíocht seo, cuirfear $XXX billiún ar fáil mar mhaoiniú chun XXX a neartú agus XXX a laghdú.

* Spreagann an tAcht  
* Cuireann an tAcht pionós ar chomhlachtaí  
* Cuirfear maoiniú riachtanach ar fáil chun  

=== Spriocanna ===
 .

=== Conspóídí ===
Cháin na polaiteoirí is forásaí nó is liobrálaí sa [[Comhdháil na Stát Aontaithe|Chomhdháil]] an bille seo t 

== Féach freisin ==

* [[An tAcht Laghdaithe Boilsciú (acht aeráide na S-A), 2022]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Acht Laghdaithe Boilsciú, An t}}
[[Catagóir:Dlí reachtúil]]
[[Catagóir:2025]]
[[Catagóir:Polaitíocht na Stát Aontaithe]]


[[Catagóir:Dara téarma Donald Trump]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2025-07-06T00:10:44Z</timestamp>
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        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}

[[Íomhá:Great Seal of the United States (obverse).svg|mion|Séala Mór na Stát Aontaithe]]
Ar an 4 Iúil [[2022|2025]], chuir [[Donald Trump]],̟ [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe]] ag an am, a lámh leis '''&quot;An tAcht Mór Álainn, 2025&quot;.'''&lt;ref&gt;i mBéarla, go hoifigiúil, &quot;The Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of House Con. Res. 14&quot;  nó a leasainm,  the &quot;One Big Beautiful Bill Act&quot; (OBBB|) &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/schumer-forces-name-change-big-beautiful-bill-moments-before-passes|teideal=Schumer forces name change for 'big, beautiful bill' moments before it passes|údar=Danielle Wallace|dáta=2025-07-01|language=en-US|work=Fox News|dátarochtana=2025-07-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Ba é sin a bhuaicphointe mar Uachtarán le linn a [[Dara téarma Donald Trump|Dara Téarma]].  Sheas na [[Poblachtánaigh na Stát Aontaithe|Poblachtánaigh]] gualainn ar ghualainn le Trump, níor bheag an t-éacht é.  Agus níor ritheadh riamh i Stair na Stát Aontaithe acht chomh mór leis.  

=== Cúlra ===
I dtús mhí Iúil 2025, bhí an “Bille Mór Alainn” rite ag Teach na nIonadaithe (318-314) agus ag an Seanad (50-50). Chuaigh triúr as caoga a trí Poblachtánach an tSeanaid i gcomhar leis na [[Páirtí Daonlathach (Stáit Aontaithe)|Daonlathaigh]] chun vótáil i gcoinne an phacáiste, a ritheadh caoga a haon-caoga tar éis don leas-uachtarán [[J. D. Vance|JD Vance]] an vóta comhscór a chaitheamh.  Dúirt Trump ag an am gur “ceol dá chluasa” a bhí ann.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/5-i%C3%BAil-2025-luimneach/id1525428808?i=1000715810200|teideal=Nuacht Mhall (Luimneach)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge, Londain|dáta=5 Iúil 2025|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2025-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== An tAcht ===
Thacaigh an bille le lucht an airgid trí &quot;laghduithe cánach&quot; agus mhaoinigh sé [[ICE]] agus &quot;an balla teorann&quot; srl.  

Áirítear leis freisin laghduithe suntasacha maoinithe ar dhá chlár líontán sábhála: 

* [[Medicaid]], a sholáthraíonn cúram sláinte do Mheiriceánaigh bhochta agus faoi mhíchumas, agus 
* An Clár Cúnaimh Cothú Forlíontach,&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supplemental_Nutrition_Assistance_Program&amp;oldid=1298767404|journal=Wikipedia|date=2025-07-04|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; a chabhraíonn le daoine earraí grósaera a íoc.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Méadóidh sé easnamh na Stát Aontaithe go 2.3 - 4.3 trilliún dollar sa bhliain 2034, ceteris paribus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.brookings.edu/articles/dont-expect-much-growth-from-the-one-big-beautiful-bill/|teideal=Don’t expect much growth from the One Big, Beautiful Bill|údar=Brookings|dáta=2025|language=en-US|work=Brookings|dátarochtana=2025-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.crfb.org/blogs/breaking-down-one-big-beautiful-bill|teideal=Breaking Down the One Big Beautiful Bill-2025-06-04|údar=Brookings|dáta=2025-06-04|language=en|work=www.crfb.org|dátarochtana=2025-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[An tAcht Laghdaithe Boilsciú (acht aeráide na S-A), 2022]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Acht Laghdaithe Boilsciú, An t}}
[[Catagóir:Dlí reachtúil]]
[[Catagóir:2025]]
[[Catagóir:Polaitíocht na Stát Aontaithe]]


[[Catagóir:Dara téarma Donald Trump]]</text>
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        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}

[[Íomhá:Great Seal of the United States (obverse).svg|mion|Séala Mór na Stát Aontaithe]]
Ar an 4 Iúil [[2022|2025]], chuir [[Donald Trump]],̟ [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe]] ag an am, a lámh leis '''&quot;An tAcht Mór Álainn, 2025&quot;.'''&lt;ref&gt;i mBéarla, go hoifigiúil, &quot;The Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of House Con. Res. 14&quot;  nó a leasainm,  the &quot;One Big Beautiful Bill Act&quot; (OBBB|) &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/schumer-forces-name-change-big-beautiful-bill-moments-before-passes|teideal=Schumer forces name change for 'big, beautiful bill' moments before it passes|údar=Danielle Wallace|dáta=2025-07-01|language=en-US|work=Fox News|dátarochtana=2025-07-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Ba é sin a bhuaicphointe mar Uachtarán le linn a [[Dara téarma Donald Trump|Dara Téarma]].  Sheas na [[Poblachtánaigh na Stát Aontaithe|Poblachtánaigh]] gualainn ar ghualainn le Trump, níor bheag an t-éacht é.  Agus níor ritheadh riamh i Stair na Stát Aontaithe acht chomh mór leis.  

=== Cúlra ===
I dtús mhí Iúil 2025, bhí an “Bille Mór Alainn” rite ag Teach na nIonadaithe (318-314) agus ag an Seanad (50-50). Chuaigh triúr as caoga a trí Poblachtánach an tSeanaid i gcomhar leis na [[Páirtí Daonlathach (Stáit Aontaithe)|Daonlathaigh]] chun vótáil i gcoinne an phacáiste, a ritheadh caoga a haon-caoga tar éis don leas-uachtarán [[J. D. Vance|JD Vance]] an vóta comhscór a chaitheamh.  Dúirt Trump ag an am gur “ceol dá chluasa” a bhí ann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/articles/2025/07/what-they-are-saying-senate-approves-landmark-one-big-beautiful-bill/|teideal=WHAT THEY ARE SAYING: Senate Approves Landmark One Big Beautiful Bill|dáta=2025-07-01|language=en-US|work=The White House|dátarochtana=2025-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/5-i%C3%BAil-2025-luimneach/id1525428808?i=1000715810200|teideal=Nuacht Mhall (Luimneach)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge, Londain|dáta=5 Iúil 2025|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2025-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== An tAcht ===
Thacaigh an bille le lucht an airgid trí &quot;laghduithe cánach&quot; agus mhaoinigh sé [[ICE]] agus &quot;an balla teorann&quot; srl.  

Áirítear leis freisin laghduithe suntasacha maoinithe ar dhá chlár líontán sábhála: 

* [[Medicaid]], a sholáthraíonn cúram sláinte do Mheiriceánaigh bhochta agus faoi mhíchumas, agus 
* An Clár Cúnaimh Cothú Forlíontach,&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supplemental_Nutrition_Assistance_Program&amp;oldid=1298767404|journal=Wikipedia|date=2025-07-04|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; a chabhraíonn le daoine earraí grósaera a íoc.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Méadóidh an tAcht easnamh an Rialtais Feidearálach go 2.3 - 4.3 trilliún dollar sa bhliain 2034, ceteris paribus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.brookings.edu/articles/dont-expect-much-growth-from-the-one-big-beautiful-bill/|teideal=Don’t expect much growth from the One Big, Beautiful Bill|údar=Brookings|dáta=2025|language=en-US|work=Brookings|dátarochtana=2025-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.crfb.org/blogs/breaking-down-one-big-beautiful-bill|teideal=Breaking Down the One Big Beautiful Bill-2025-06-04|údar=Brookings|dáta=2025-06-04|language=en|work=www.crfb.org|dátarochtana=2025-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Féach freisin ==

* [[An tAcht Laghdaithe Boilsciú (acht aeráide na S-A), 2022]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Acht Laghdaithe Boilsciú, An t}}
[[Catagóir:Dlí reachtúil]]
[[Catagóir:2025]]
[[Catagóir:Polaitíocht na Stát Aontaithe]]


[[Catagóir:Dara téarma Donald Trump]]</text>
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      <id>1272856</id>
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        <username>TGcoa</username>
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{{WD Bosca Sonraí Imeacht}}Ar an 4 Iúil [[2022|2025]], chuir [[Donald Trump]],̟ [[Uachtarán na Stát Aontaithe]] ag an am, a lámh leis '''&quot;An tAcht Mór Álainn, 2025&quot;.'''&lt;ref&gt;i mBéarla, go hoifigiúil, &quot;The Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of House Con. Res. 14&quot;  nó a leasainm,  the &quot;One Big Beautiful Bill Act&quot; (OBBB|) &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/schumer-forces-name-change-big-beautiful-bill-moments-before-passes|teideal=Schumer forces name change for 'big, beautiful bill' moments before it passes|údar=Danielle Wallace|dáta=2025-07-01|language=en-US|work=Fox News|dátarochtana=2025-07-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Ba é sin a bhuaicphointe mar Uachtarán le linn a [[Dara téarma Donald Trump|Dara Téarma]].  Sheas na [[Poblachtánaigh na Stát Aontaithe|Poblachtánaigh]] gualainn ar ghualainn le Trump, níor bheag an t-éacht é.  Agus níor ritheadh riamh i Stair na Stát Aontaithe acht chomh mór leis.  

[[Íomhá:IT’S CALLED THE ONE BIG BEAUTIFUL BILL.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán - Bolscaireacht de chuid Trump,  13 Meitheamh 2025&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=IT’S CALLED THE ONE BIG BEAUTIFUL BILL 🇺🇸|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uxfl95nkSXo|date=2025-06-13|author=The White House}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[Íomhá:The Golden Dome Missile Defense Shield.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán - Bolscaireacht de chuid Trump,  The Golden Dome Missile Defense Shield,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=The Golden Dome Missile Defense Shield|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xWxN_qObfI|date=2025-05-20|author=The White House}}&lt;/ref&gt;  21 Bealtaine 2025]]
[[Íomhá:The One Big Beautiful Bill Funds a Secure Border.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán - Bolscaireacht de chuid Trump, Cuireann an tAcht maoiniú i dtreo [[ICE]] agus &quot;an balla teorann&quot;... &quot;The One Big Beautiful Bill Funds a Secure Border&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oTL_tDAlbs|teideal=Aan balla teorann|údar=An Teach Bán|language=en|work=www.youtube.com|dátarochtana=2025-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[Íomhá:Rules Committee Hearing H.R. 1, 2025-05-21.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán - Díospóireacht sa [[Comhdháil na Stát Aontaithe|Chomhdháil]] (Rules Committee Hearing H.R. 1) 2025-05-21]]
[[Íomhá:JD Vance casts tie breaking vote; One Big Beautiful Bill.webm|clé|mion|220x220px|Físeán - [[Seanad Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Seanad SAM]] ar an 1 Iúil 2025, chaith an leas-uachtarán [[J. D. Vance|JD Vance]] an vóta comhscór&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Senate passes Trump's bill as JD Vance breaks 50-50 tie|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbYdhQf7r0Q|date=2025-07-01|author=Associated Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; .  ]]

== Cúlra ==
I dtús mhí Iúil 2025, bhí an “Bille Mór Alainn” rite ag Teach na nIonadaithe (318-314) agus ag an Seanad (50-50). Chuaigh triúr as caoga a trí Poblachtánach an t[[Seanad Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá|Seanaid]] i gcomhar leis na [[Páirtí Daonlathach (Stáit Aontaithe)|Daonlathaigh]] chun vótáil i gcoinne an phacáiste, a ritheadh caoga a haon-caoga tar éis don leas-uachtarán [[J. D. Vance|JD Vance]] an vóta comhscór a chaitheamh. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Dúirt Trump ag an am gur “ceol dá chluasa” a bhí ann.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/articles/2025/07/what-they-are-saying-senate-approves-landmark-one-big-beautiful-bill/|teideal=WHAT THEY ARE SAYING: Senate Approves Landmark One Big Beautiful Bill|dáta=2025-07-01|language=en-US|work=The White House|dátarochtana=2025-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/5-i%C3%BAil-2025-luimneach/id1525428808?i=1000715810200|teideal=Nuacht Mhall (Luimneach)|údar=Conradh na Gaeilge, Londain|dáta=5 Iúil 2025|language=ga-IE|work=Apple Podcasts|dátarochtana=2025-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== An tAcht ==

* Tacaíonn an bille le lucht an airgid trí &quot;laghduithe cánach&quot;. I ndáiríre, cuireadh laghduithe cánach i bhfeidhm faoi ''2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act'' agus d'éirigh na laghduithe seo buan in 2025.  Mar sin ní raibh faoiseamh nua ó cháin ioncaim in 2025. Sin ráite, bhí bearta beaga eile ann, mar shampla d'éirigh séisíní saor ó cháin (faoi $25,000 in aghaidh na bliana) srl. 
* Cuireann an tAcht maoiniú i dtreo [[ICE]] agus &quot;an balla teorann&quot; srl.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;  Ceadaíodh thart ar $150–175 billiún don chosaint teorainn.
* Maoiniú 25 billiún dollar don Golden Dome Missile Defense Shield,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;     
* Áirítear leis freisin - in 2027 - laghduithe suntasacha maoinithe ar dhá chlár líontán sábhála:

[[Medicaid|1/ Medicaid]], a sholáthraíonn cúram sláinte do Mheiriceánaigh bhochta agus faoi mhíchumas, agus

2/ An Clár Cúnaimh Cothú Forlíontach,&lt;ref&gt;{{Luaigh foilseachán|title=Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supplemental_Nutrition_Assistance_Program&amp;oldid=1298767404|journal=Wikipedia|date=2025-07-04|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; a chabhraíonn le daoine earraí grósaera a íoc&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;   agus cuirtear oibleagáidí oibre  do dhaoine nach bhfuil páistí acu.

* Dreasachtaí do ghnólachtaí 

Méadóidh an tAcht easnamh an Rialtais Feidearálach go 2.3 - 4.3 trilliún dollar sa bhliain 2034, ceteris paribus.&lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.brookings.edu/articles/dont-expect-much-growth-from-the-one-big-beautiful-bill/|teideal=Don’t expect much growth from the One Big, Beautiful Bill|údar=Brookings|dáta=2025|language=en-US|work=Brookings|dátarochtana=2025-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Lua idirlín|url=https://www.crfb.org/blogs/breaking-down-one-big-beautiful-bill|teideal=Breaking Down the One Big Beautiful Bill-2025-06-04|údar=Brookings|dáta=2025-06-04|language=en|work=www.crfb.org|dátarochtana=2025-07-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cáineadh ==
Bhí an tuairim phoiblí measartha diúltach: Thart ar 49% diúltach, 29% dearfach, 21% neodrach (@Pew) .

== Féach freisin ==

* [[An tAcht Laghdaithe Boilsciú (acht aeráide na S-A), 2022]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Acht Laghdaithe Boilsciú, An t}}
[[Catagóir:Dlí reachtúil]]
[[Catagóir:2025]]
[[Catagóir:Polaitíocht na Stát Aontaithe]]


[[Catagóir:Dara téarma Donald Trump]]</text>
      <sha1>4syx1qm57z6qz9e5cjc2o4abj3jfsyq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Acht Mór Álainn</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>120127</id>
    <redirect title="An tAcht Mór Álainn, 2025" />
    <revision>
      <id>1272829</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-05T23:03:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bhog TGcoa an leathanach [[Acht Mór Álainn]] go [[An tAcht Mór Álainn, 2025]]</comment>
      <origin>1272829</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" sha1="7lnvmhe8r933kqz4aypm89vkgazr5z9" xml:space="preserve">#athsheoladh [[An tAcht Mór Álainn, 2025]]</text>
      <sha1>7lnvmhe8r933kqz4aypm89vkgazr5z9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bille Mór Álainn</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>120128</id>
    <redirect title="An tAcht Mór Álainn, 2025" />
    <revision>
      <id>1272846</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-06T08:23:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TGcoa</username>
        <id>21229</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ag athdhíriú go [[An tAcht Mór Álainn, 2025]]</comment>
      <origin>1272846</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="43" sha1="2pl83a9dsgkvx7cp3oblyd6zztf11h3" xml:space="preserve">#athsheoladh[[An tAcht Mór Álainn, 2025]]</text>
      <sha1>2pl83a9dsgkvx7cp3oblyd6zztf11h3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Loch na Breaclaí</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>120129</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1272851</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-06T08:48:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cruthaithe ó enwiki (síol?)</comment>
      <origin>1272851</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1550" sha1="902xwk7ogztsy5vzsqor1ndvqt6652e" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é '''Loch na Breaclaí'''&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt; suite i g[[Contae an Chabháin]], raibh thiar den bhóthar [[N87]].  Sreabhann an [[Abhainn Dubh, Contae an Chabháin|Abhainn Dubh]] amach as an loch.&lt;ref name=fii /&gt;

== Fiadhúlra ==
I measc na n-iasc i Loch na Breaclaí, tá [[liús]], [[róiste]] agus [[bran (iasc)|bran]].&lt;ref name=aia /&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =
&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/3919.aspx | teideal = An Bhreaclaigh (baile fearainn) | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=fii&gt;{{lua idirlín  | url = http://www.fishinginireland.info/pike/north/ballyconnell.htm | teideal = An angler's guide to the best fishing in Ireland | foilsitheoir = Fishing in Ireland}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=aia&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://www.activeirishangling.com/course-angling-features/cavan/9-uncategorised/314-come-to-bawnboy.html | teideal = Come to Bawnboy | author = Dave | foilsitheoir = Active Irish Angling | dátarochtana = 2016-01-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094540/http://www.activeirishangling.com/course-angling-features/cavan/9-uncategorised/314-come-to-bawnboy.html | archive-date = 2016-03-04 | url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Breaclai, Loch na}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chabháin]]</text>
      <sha1>902xwk7ogztsy5vzsqor1ndvqt6652e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Plé:Loch Breaclaigh</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>120130</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1272853</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-06T08:54:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Loch na Breaclaí? */ mír nua</comment>
      <origin>1272853</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="238" sha1="q33f0fa13ep9ua62bfbiuw0pp0syrx5" xml:space="preserve">== Loch na Breaclaí? ==

Tá baile fearainn &quot;An Bhreaclaigh&quot; ar logainm.ie, gin. Na Breaclaí, féach freisin [[Loch na Breaclaí]]. [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn|Marcas]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Marcas.oduinn|plé]]) 08:54, 6 Iúil 2025 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>q33f0fa13ep9ua62bfbiuw0pp0syrx5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Plé:Loch na Breaclaí</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>120131</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1272855</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-06T09:48:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Loch eile */ mír nua</comment>
      <origin>1272855</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="141" sha1="92tsnmylm8o7aoh5hbm40qfincq20v8" xml:space="preserve">== Loch eile ==

[[Loch Breaclaigh]] [[Úsáideoir:Marcas.oduinn|Marcas]] ([[Plé úsáideora:Marcas.oduinn|plé]]) 09:48, 6 Iúil 2025 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>92tsnmylm8o7aoh5hbm40qfincq20v8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Loch Mám Aodha</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>120132</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1272860</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-06T11:08:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cruthaithe ó enwiki (síol)</comment>
      <origin>1272860</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2169" sha1="l7z24w0hn5xrijj5uzc73d44zg7vpwa" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Mám Aodha'''&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt;&lt;ref name=EPA /&gt; suite i g[[Conamara]], [[Contae na Gaillimhe]].

== Tíreolaíocht ==
Tá Loch Mám Aodha tuairim is {{convert|2|km|1}} ó thuaidh den [[An Teach Dóite|Teach Dóite]] gar den bhóthar [[R336]] road.  Ritheann an loch amach ó dheas mar chuid d'abhantrach [[Loch Coirib]].&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

== Stair an dúlra ==
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Mám Aodha, tá [[bradán]], [[breac donn]], [[bodairlín]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.  Faightear an scaití [[garmachán]] chomh maith.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

Tá an loch laistigh den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Shléibhte Mhám Toirc.  Tá ann fosta sa limistéar [[Loch Sindile]].&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1375240.aspx | teideal = Loch Mám Aodha | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=18 | teideal = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | dáta = 2006 | leathanaigh = 12 | foilsitheoir = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | dátarochtana = 14ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Maumwee_report_2013.pdf | teideal = Fish Stock Survey of Maumwee Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = Lúnasa 2013 | dátarochtana = 14ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=NPWS&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.npws.ie/protected-sites/sac/002008 | teideal = Maumturk Mountains SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | dátarochtana = 14ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mám Aodha, Loch}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae na Gaillimhe]]

{{síol-tír-ie}}</text>
      <sha1>l7z24w0hn5xrijj5uzc73d44zg7vpwa</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1272861</id>
      <parentid>1272860</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-06T11:09:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tíreolaíocht */Typo</comment>
      <origin>1272861</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2164" sha1="6cg8b9cggfz1w29skkb3gl5a2txzif7" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is loch [[fionnuisce]] é ''' Loch Mám Aodha'''&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt;&lt;ref name=EPA /&gt; suite i g[[Conamara]], [[Contae na Gaillimhe]].

== Tíreolaíocht ==
Tá Loch Mám Aodha tuairim is {{convert|2|km|1}} ó thuaidh den [[An Teach Dóite|Teach Dóite]] gar den bhóthar [[R336]].  Ritheann an loch amach ó dheas mar chuid d'abhantrach [[Loch Coirib]].&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

== Stair an dúlra ==
I measc na n-iasc i Loch Mám Aodha, tá [[bradán]], [[breac donn]], [[bodairlín]] agus [[eascann]] atá i mbaol criticiúil.  Faightear an scaití [[garmachán]] chomh maith.&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;

Tá an loch laistigh den [[Limistéar faoi Chaomhnú Speisialta]] Shléibhte Mhám Toirc.  Tá ann fosta sa limistéar [[Loch Sindile]].&lt;ref name=IFI/&gt;&lt;ref name=NPWS/&gt;

== Féach freisin ==
* [[Liosta Lochanna na hÉireann]]

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/1375240.aspx | teideal = Loch Mám Aodha | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 6ú Iúil 2025 | teanga = ga | work = [[logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=EPA&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.epa.ie/publications/research/water/Final-Report-(2000-FS1-M1).pdf#page=18 | teideal = A Reference Based Typology and Ecological Assessment System for Irish Lakes | dáta = 2006 | leathanaigh = 12 | foilsitheoir = [[Gníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil (Éire)]] | dátarochtana = 14ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=IFI&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = http://wfdfish.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Maumwee_report_2013.pdf | teideal = Fish Stock Survey of Maumwee Lough | foilsitheoir = [[Iascach Intíre Éireann]] | dáta = Lúnasa 2013 | dátarochtana = 14ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=NPWS&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.npws.ie/protected-sites/sac/002008 | teideal = Maumturk Mountains SAC | foilsitheoir = [[An tSeirbhís Páirceanna Náisiúnta agus Fiadhúlra]] | dátarochtana = 14ú Deireadh Fómhair 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mám Aodha, Loch}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae na Gaillimhe]]

{{síol-tír-ie}}</text>
      <sha1>6cg8b9cggfz1w29skkb3gl5a2txzif7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>120133</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1272867</id>
      <timestamp>2025-07-06T11:23:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cruthaithe via Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair</comment>
      <origin>1272867</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="846" sha1="lrabx16d8h739zw6n92ckg2hrgy26jl" xml:space="preserve">== Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair ==
:'' Féach freisin: [[Loch Mac nÉan]]
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is [[loch]] roinnte idir na contaetha [[Contae Fhear Manach|Fear Manach]], [[Contae an Chabháin|an Cabháin]] agus [[Contae Liatroma]] é '''Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair'''.&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt;

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1166387 | teideal = Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair/Lough Macnean Lower or Lough Nilly | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 2023-06-22 | teanga = ga | work = [[Logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{síol-tír-ie}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mac nEan Uachtair, Loch}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Fhear Manach]]
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chabháin]]
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]</text>
      <sha1>lrabx16d8h739zw6n92ckg2hrgy26jl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1272868</id>
      <parentid>1272867</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-07-06T11:24:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcas.oduinn</username>
        <id>33120</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ceannteideal</comment>
      <origin>1272868</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="816" sha1="g0v6wl2kn4k6w4e8jshao9uuetn2yqu" xml:space="preserve">:'' Féach freisin: [[Loch Mac nÉan]]
{{WD Bosca Tíreolaíocht Fhisiceach}}

Is [[loch]] roinnte idir na contaetha [[Contae Fhear Manach|Fear Manach]], [[Contae an Chabháin|an Cabháin]] agus [[Contae Liatroma]] é '''Loch Mac nÉan Uachtair'''.&lt;ref name=logainm /&gt;

== Tagairtí ==
{{reflist | refs =

&lt;ref name=logainm&gt;{{lua idirlín | url = https://www.logainm.ie/ga/1166387 | teideal = Loch Mac nÉan Íochtair/Lough Macnean Lower or Lough Nilly | foilsitheoir = [[An Coimisiún Logainmneacha]] | dátarochtana = 2023-06-22 | teanga = ga | work = [[Logainm.ie|Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann]] (logainm.ie)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

{{síol-tír-ie}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mac nEan Uachtair, Loch}}
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Fhear Manach]]
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae an Chabháin]]
[[Catagóir:Lochanna Chontae Liatroma]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>